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1,314,259,994,463
arxiv
\section{Regularization Perspective} Regularization of linear models in machine learning is focused here on how \textit{generalized} ridge \textit{TRACE} displays enable researchers to literally ``see'' the effects of variance-bias trade-offs on measures of mean-squared-error (MSE) risk that accompany all changes in es...
1,314,259,994,464
arxiv
\section{Introduction.}\label{intro} In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of extremal functions to the following inequality involving Hardy potential and critical Sobolev exponent: \begin{equation}\label{eq1.1} C \left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N} \frac{|u|^{p_*}}{|x|^{bp_*}} \,{\rm d}x \right)^{p/p_*} \leqslant \i...
1,314,259,994,465
arxiv
\section{} \label{} \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In countries in which grid parity has been reached for decentralized photovoltaic (PV) power plants, self-consumption is the main driver for the profitability of such systems. Stationary battery storage can increase the amount of self-consumed electric...
1,314,259,994,466
arxiv
\section{Radio Pulsar/Supernova Remnant Associations} There are complicated selection effects against finding radio pulsars and SNRs; both populations are significantly incomplete, and not in an easily quantifiable way. However, since the working hypothesis is that {\it all} pulsars are born in supernovae, it is fair...
1,314,259,994,467
arxiv
\section{Introduction \& Motivation} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{figures/SDSBM-Overview.pdf} \caption{Example of seasonality in dynamic networks. In this three class network, a latent seasonal process determines a probability of edge formation at times $t_1$ and $t_2$, subject to bo...
1,314,259,994,468
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown how fragile world societies are when confronted to the runaway spreading of a new virus strain~\cite{christakis2020apollo}. In stark contrast with other diseases, however, the combination of recent scientific advances, liberal funding by governments and th...
1,314,259,994,469
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two of fundamental tools in the study of complex dynamical systems are K\"onig's Theorem and B\"otthcher's Theorem in classical complex analysis, which were proved back to 1884~\cite{Kon} and 1904~\cite{Bot}, respectively, by using some well-known methods in complex analysis. These theorems say ...
1,314,259,994,470
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Biological growth necessarily involves mass addition in bodies leading to microstructural rearrangements and internal stress distributions \cite{taber95, jones12}. It can be classified as either volumetric, surface, or interfacial based on the nature of mass exchange with the ex...
1,314,259,994,471
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} This work is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) P~26338-N27 and by the European Commission through the ``HiggsTools`` Initial Training Network PITN-GA-2012-316704. The authors thank Benjamin Fuks for the correspondence concerning the comparison of the two-body decays with the pa...
1,314,259,994,472
arxiv
\section{Data} In this section, we describe the two major datasets used in our experiments: the Offensive Language Identification Dataset~(OLID)~\cite{zampieri2019predicting} and our newly constructed Geographical Diverse Offensive Language Identification Dataset (GeoOLID). A complete summary of the datasets ca...
1,314,259,994,473
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Multipolar vortices are known to be an important dynamical feature of a variety of two-dimensional and quasi-geostrophic flows~\cite{McWilliams:1984}. They occur regularly in large-scale geophysical, atmospheric and meteorological flows at high Reynolds numbers. The term itself ref...
1,314,259,994,474
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of iron-based high temperature superconductors has generated great interests in exploring layered Fe-based pnictides and chalcogenides\cite{Kamihara, xhchen, ren3, hsu}. The superconducting transition temperature (T$_c$) in iron chalcogenides $\alpha$-FeSe increased from initial 8 K...
1,314,259,994,475
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Classical reinforcement learning (RL) aims at deriving policies that maximize the expected value of the sum (or average) of future rewards, while so-called \textit{risk-sensitive} RL aims at taking into account some measure of variability of the cumulative reward into the learned po...
1,314,259,994,476
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of the first cosmic very high energy (VHE; $>100$ GeV) neutrinos in 2013 by the IceCube experiment \citep{Ice13,AAA13,AAA20} has opened a new window on VHE sources such as gamma-ray bursts (hereafter GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and tidal disruption events (TDEs). The lack ...
1,314,259,994,477
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many modern devices such as smartphones, drones, augmented reality headsets, vehicles and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices are equipped with high-quality cameras that can capture high-resolution images and videos. With the help of image stitching techniques, camera arrays \cite{thomson2021g...
1,314,259,994,478
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The content of the paper can be understood in two different languages. While the version of Subsection~(\ref{combLang}) presents everything as a challenging self-contained, combinatorial task, like a game to play, the background motivation stems from the algebro geometric scenario ...
1,314,259,994,479
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} Since the pioneering work by Bagger and Lambert \cite{Bagger:2007jr}, and Gustavsson \cite{Gustavsson:2007vu} (BLG), where three-algebras were used to construct the ${\cal N}=8$ superconformal theory in three dimensions, such structures have played an important r\^{o}le toward a bette...
1,314,259,994,480
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The current digital data storage systems, such as optical or magnetic data storage, are reaching a limit to store ever-growing data due to the limitation in density. In recent years, DNA has brought a new opportunity for building reliable long-term storage with high capacity. In a DNA-based...
1,314,259,994,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} If $\{P_t\}_{t>0}$ denotes the classical Poisson semigroup, for every $k \in \N$, the $k$-th square (also called Littlewood-Paley-Stein) function $g_k(\{P_t\}_{t>0})$ is defined by $$g_k(\{P_t\}_{t>0})(f)(x) = \left( \int_0^\infty \left| t^k \partial_t^k P_t(f)(x) \righ...
1,314,259,994,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The variable selection process that will be considered in this article concerns the joint modeling of the mean and dispersion (JMMD), which is an extension of the generalized linear models (GLMs), introduced by \cite{NelderWedderburn}. GLMs assume an exponential family distri...
1,314,259,994,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Binary stars form in turbulent molecular clouds \citep{McKee2007} where the accretion process during star formation may be chaotic \citep{Bate2003,Bate2018}. Therefore circumbinary discs likely form misaligned with respect to the binary orbital plane. Observationally, misaligned circumbinary d...
1,314,259,994,484
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supersonic, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence occurs in many astrophysical settings, from star formation in the interstellar medium \citep{maclow2004, federrath2012, kritsuk2017, offner2018}, to supernova engines \citep{couch2015, fryer2017, radice2018} and remnants \citep{balsara2001,inoue20...
1,314,259,994,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Algebraic Introduction} \label{subsect algebraic introduction} In this paper, we work with the category of differential graded (dg) categories after inverting quasi-equivalences, pretriangulated equivalences, or Morita equivalences. Many facts are known about these localisations of t...
1,314,259,994,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To distinguish conductors from insulators in the quantum case, the strength of the zero-frequency conductivity was derived by Kohn~\cite{Kohn64}. The Drude weight is often expressed~\cite{Kohn64,Shastry90} in terms of the second derivative of the ground state energy with respect to a phase $\Ph...
1,314,259,994,487
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our understanding of low energy QCD, and properties of hot and dense matter and phase diagrams of strongly interacting theories in general, is rooted in exact and approximate symmetries. For QCD with light quarks, the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry is manifested in the spectrum of...
1,314,259,994,488
arxiv
\section{The information paradox}\label{introduction} Most people have heard of the black hole information paradox \cite{hawking}. But the full strength of this paradox is not always appreciated. If we make two reasonable sounding assumptions \bigskip (a) All quantum gravity effects die off rapidly at distances bey...
1,314,259,994,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At present, the only microscopic theoretical tools that can be applied throughout the entire nuclear chart are methods based on a nuclear energy density functional (EDF). Among these, the self-consistent mean-field approach is the simplest one and can be used as a starting point to introduce corr...
1,314,259,994,490
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum information theory provides powerful tools and perspectives for understanding and characterizing quantum many-body systems. This is particularly true for topologically ordered phases of matter. Such systems possess profoundly entangled states and cannot be characterized by local order pa...
1,314,259,994,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Following the advent of topological insulators (TIs), the search for topological quantum materials with diverse symmetry-enforced topological states, characterized by the nontrivial topological invariants, has attracted a flurry of research interest in both condensed-matter physics and materia...
1,314,259,994,492
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that systems in strong magnetic fields behave like systems in one-dimension, i.e., a strong magnetic field confines the particles to Landau orbits orthogonal to the field, leaving only their behavior in the direction of the field subject to significant influence by a static p...
1,314,259,994,493
arxiv
\section{Discussion and Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} We have presented DeepFusion, a modular fusion architecture for accurate long-range 3D object detection using lidars (L), cameras (C), and radars (R). The method first extracts modality-specific features using separate backbones. Those features are then aligne...
1,314,259,994,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Proton-proton collisions are known to be the most elementary interactions and form the very basis of our knowledge about the nature of high energy collisions in general. Physicists, by and large, hold the view quite firmly that the perturbative quantum-chromodynamics (pQCD) provides a genera...
1,314,259,994,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the classical diffusive shock particle acceleration model the observed relativistic electrons in radio galaxies are accelerated at the edges and knots of jets. For relatively more luminous FR II radio galaxies, electrons may also be energized in radio hotspots, where jets terminate. It is usua...
1,314,259,994,496
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Density Functional Theory (DFT) is a universal approach used in quantum chemistry, molecular physics, and condensed matter physics to calculate properties of electronic systems. Its extension to nuclear physics is by no means trivial, encountering difficulties associated in part wi...
1,314,259,994,497
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the following linear evolution equation \begin{equation}\label{E11} {\rm d} X= AX{\rm d} t + \sum_{k} B_k X{\rm d} W_k,\qquad t\ge s,\,\,X(s)=x, \end{equation} where $(W_k)$ is a sequence of independent standard real valued Wiener processes defined on a probability space $(\Omega, \mat...
1,314,259,994,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Radio relics usually located in the outskirts of merging galaxy clusters are giant ($\sim$Mpc) synchrotron sources that are believed to be produced by cosmic-ray electrons (CRe) (re)-accelerated by merger induced shock waves in the intracluster medium (ICM; \citet{ensslin1998, ...
1,314,259,994,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem \begin{align} \label{main_eqn} \begin{array}{lll} du_t&=(\Delta-1) u_t dt+(-\Delta+1)^{\delta_0}F(u_t)dt+(-\Delta+1)^{\delta_1/2}B(u_t)dW_t \\ u(0)&=u_0 \end{array} \end{align} for $t\in [0,T]$ where $\delta_0, \delta_1\in [0,1)$, $\Delta$ is the Lapl...
1,314,259,994,500
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} \label{sec:conclusions} We have presented a simple yet surprisingly effective loss for improving pixel-level unsupervised domain adaption for dense prediction tasks. We show that by incorporating the proposed cross-domain consistency loss, our method consistently improves the performances over ...
1,314,259,994,501
arxiv
\section{Executive Summary} Demonstrating the viability of emerging accelerator science ultimately relies on experimental validation. A portfolio of beam test facilities at US National Laboratories and Universities, as well as international facilities in Europe and Asia, are used to perform research critical to advanci...
1,314,259,994,502
arxiv
\section{Historical precedents of Quantum Computation} The origins of quantum computation date back to 1980, when American physicist Paul Benioff (b. 1930) described a computing model defined by quantum mechanical Hamiltonians \cite{benioff1980computer}. Later that year, Russian mathematician Yuri Manin gave a first i...
1,314,259,994,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} BX Dra (GSC 4192-0448, 2MASS J16061736+6245460, HIP 78891) was discovered to be a short-period variable by Strohmeier (1958) and classified as an RR Lyr-type star with a period of 0.561192 days by Strohmeier et al. (1965). Some doubt about this classification and hints about a binary nature were...
1,314,259,994,504
arxiv
\section{The Base Workload} \label{sec:base} We generate a VDC workload by augmenting the Azure cloud's production trace with network bandwidth requirements. The Azure trace~\cite{dataset} is released with the Resource Central paper~\cite{rc}. It includes only VM CPU and RAM requirements. We first we describe the ch...
1,314,259,994,505
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tensor networks are ubiquitous in the field of low-dimensional many-body quantum physics due to their efficient description of short-range correlations and the locality of prototypical quantum Hamiltonians. Motivated by the successful approximation of quantum amplitudes, tensor networks have also...
1,314,259,994,506
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Complex Hessian equations have received increasing attention in recent years as they appear in many geometric problems. They provide important examples of fully non-linear PDE’s of second order on complex manifolds which interpolate between (linear) complex Laplace-Poisson equations and (non line...
1,314,259,994,507
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The epoch of reionization is perhaps one of the ``darkest" place in modern cosmology nowadays. On one hand, Gunn-Peterson constraints \citep{GunnPeterson} from quasars \citep[{\frenchspacing\it e.g.},][]{Becker01,Fan02} tells us that the Universe was mostly ionized by $z\sim 6$. On the other ...
1,314,259,994,508
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Duality transformations on conformal string backgrounds have recently attracted considerable attention. In a restricted sense duality transformations connect two (or more) apparently different, but actually equivalent, string theories. In the generalized sense used in this paper, duality transf...
1,314,259,994,509
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{1_Introduction} \section{Related Work} \input{2_1_Related_cuboids} \input{2_2_Related_MCTS} \section{Method} \input{3_Method} \section{Experiments} \input{4_Experiments} \section{Conclusion} \input{5_Conclusion} \bibliographystyle{splncs04} \subsection{Cuboid Fitting on Point Cloud...
1,314,259,994,510
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}} The extradimensional models first proposed by Randall and Sundrum \cite{Randall:1999ee} are based on a slice of $AdS_5$ that is bounded by the so-called UV and IR (3-)branes and is characterised by a 5-dimensional bulk metric $ds^2=e^{-2ky}\eta_{\mu\nu}dx^\mu dx^\nu-dy^2$....
1,314,259,994,511
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Functional data analysis (FDA) concerns the statistical analysis of data where one of the variables of interest is a function. FDA has seen rapidly increasing interest over the last few decades and has successfully been applied to a variety of fields, including economics, finance, the geoscien...
1,314,259,994,512
arxiv
\section{introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} conventional approach to harvesting agricultural produce, such as fruit, is to use large harvesting machines to produce mechanical vibration to separate the fruit from the stalk or to use human labor for manual picking. Both these methods have downsides: the former method ...
1,314,259,994,513
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Population ecology treats the increase and fluctuations of populations. Therefore, the purpose of these models is the quantification of the population size of the interact species. In this way, the very first works of Lotka-Volterra equations studied the predator-prey and compe...
1,314,259,994,514
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the proliferation of massive multimedia contents in our daily life, it is desired that users are allowed to browse over relevant images/videos in which the specified visual instance (e.g., an object or a landmark or a person) appears. This is known as instance search~\cite{Awad17}, which ari...
1,314,259,994,515
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Solar flares are dramatic manifestations of change in the magnetic structure of the solar corona. They have been observed across over seven orders of magnitude in estimated \textit{GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)} soft X-ray (SXR) flux. The accepted mod...
1,314,259,994,516
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Complex networks have been studied intensively for more than a decade. The rapid development of network science has greatly helped us to understand and model real systems~\cite{PR175}. So far, many systems have been described by networks including the transportation system~\cite{PNAS7794}, neura...
1,314,259,994,517
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the discrete-time scalar communication channel with time index $k \in \mathbb{Z}$ governed by the system equation \begin{equation} \label{system_equation} Y_k = H_k S_k + Z_k \end{equation} wherein $S_k \in \mathbb{C}$ stands for the input signal, and the fading and noise processes ...
1,314,259,994,518
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a feature space and $\mathcal{Y}$ be a set of class labels. The \emph{$k$-nearest neighbor} ($k$-NN) classifier predicts the class label of an unknown query object $\mat{x} \in \mathcal{X}$ by its nearest neighbors. Given $\mat{x}$ and a set of...
1,314,259,994,519
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The journal \textit{Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society} (MNRAS) encourages authors to prepare their papers using \LaTeX. The style file \verb'mnras.cls' can be used to approximate the final appearance of the journal, and provides numerous features to simplify the preparation of pa...
1,314,259,994,520
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent Due to the advantages and popularity of non-differentiable regularized and distributive computing for complex optimization problems, the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) has received a great deal of attention in recent years \cite{boyd2011distributed}. The standard ADMM ...
1,314,259,994,521
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} \par An isolated black hole (BH) is a simple object: mathematically, it represents the vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations \cite{refSchwarzschild}; astrophysically, its full description can be attained with the three parameters of Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass ($M$),...
1,314,259,994,522
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics provides an excellent description of data from collider experiments, including the precision electroweak observables measured at LEP and SLD. The fit to the data clearly improves if the Higgs boson has a mass less than 250 GeV~\ci...
1,314,259,994,523
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A distance toward astronomical object is the most fundamental parameter in astronomy and astrophysics. All the physical and dynamical properties of the target sources are estimated based on their distances. The most accurate and reliable method for distance determination is the trigonometric a...
1,314,259,994,524
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the traditional paradigm of statistical learning \cite{vapnik}, we have a class $\cP$ of probability measures on a measurable \textit{instance space} $\cZ$ and a class $\cF$ of measurable functions $f: \cZ \to \Reals_+$. Each $f \in \cF$ quantifies the loss of some decision rule or a hypoth...
1,314,259,994,525
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The remarkable progress in human pose estimation (HPE) from images and video offers great promise to human movement science and rehabilitation. State-of-the-art approaches enable high quality tracking of individuals in video and estimation of their joint locations -- both in the 2D image plane ...
1,314,259,994,526
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textit{Motivation.} As applications emerge which are high dimensional and described by large data sets, the need for powerful optimization tools has never been greater. In particular, agents in distributed settings are commonly given a global optimization task where they must sparingly exchang...
1,314,259,994,527
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Relief, commonly used for thousands of years, is a form of sculpture in which a solid piece of material is carved so that figures slightly emerge from a background. Bas-relief is a type of relief (sculpture) that has less depth to the faces and figures than they actually have, when measured pr...
1,314,259,994,528
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed collections of sensors with limited capabilities for computations and wireless communications. Such networks will likely be deployed in hostile environments where cryptographic protection will be needed to enable sec...
1,314,259,994,529
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article \begin{itemize} \item a regularizing decomposition of a matrix pencil is constructed by a method that is formulated in terms of images, preimages, and kernels of linear mappings, and \item the problem of topological classification o...
1,314,259,994,530
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A smooth vector field $\xi $ on a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ is said to define a {\it Ricci soliton} if it satisfies \begin{equation}\label{1.1} \frac{1}{2}{\mathcal L}_{\xi }g+Ric=\lambda g, \end{equation} where ${\mathcal L}_{\xi }g$ is the Lie-derivative of the metric tensor $g$ with respect...
1,314,259,994,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} This paper is a continuation of the journey of the second-named author on investigating the behavior of the transition density of L\'evy processes whose (weak) scaling order is between 0 and 2 {\it including 2}. In \cite{Mi6}, the second-named author considered the large class...
1,314,259,994,532
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} Scene Text Recognition (STR) aims to extract character sequences from real-world scene text images. It has attracted much attention due to its importance in various scene-based text-related tasks, such as document retrieval~\cite{7781677} and license plate recognition~\cite{licen...
1,314,259,994,533
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{figures/appraise} Recently, several studies have suggested that document context is required for the reliable human evaluation of machine-translated documents \cite{castilho-etal-2020-context,laubli2020jair}. With the improved performance of neural machine translation systems (NMT) over ...
1,314,259,994,534
arxiv
\section{Introduction and results} Harmonic maps are one of the most studied geometric variational problems in mathematics. Besides their importance in analysis and geometry they also appear frequently in the physics literature for example as nonlinear \(\sigma\)-model in quantum field theory. In order to define harmo...
1,314,259,994,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dynamics of the diffusion mediated reaction process has been extensively studied for many years due to its relevance in the description of diverse phenomena in physics, chemistry or biology \cite{weiss,rices,bergh,goeln}. A particularly interesting problem is the calculation of the probabili...
1,314,259,994,536
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation} In this paper, we shall present a series of diagrams showing the Julia set of the Riemann zeta function and its related Mandelbrot set. This computation of the Julia and Mandelbrot sets of the Riemann zeta function may be, with reference to the existing literature, the first atte...
1,314,259,994,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High precision spectroscopy reveals that the Sun may have an unusual elemental composition compared to the majority of nearby solar analogs. In particular, the Sun is found to have a lower than average ratio of refractory to volatile elements, as first discovered by \citet{Mel_ndez_2009}. In tha...
1,314,259,994,538
arxiv
\section{Introduction} MDS codes and Euclidean self-dual codes belong to two different categories of block codes. Both classes are of practical and theoretical importance. In recent years, study of MDS self-dual codes (we only consider Euclidean inner product in the following context) has attracted a lot of attention...
1,314,259,994,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is a method used for investigating the microstructural organization of various heterogeneous media. This is achieved by sensitizing the MR signal to the random motion of water molecules inside the scanned substrate. To interpret and extract relevant ...
1,314,259,994,540
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Artificial superconducting - ferromagnetic (\textit{S}-\textit{F}) hybrids have been an area of intense research effort for over a decade due to the new physics which arises when superconducting pair correlations traverse the exchange field of a ferromagnet \cite{RevModPhys.77.935,RevModPhys.77....
1,314,259,994,541
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} The concept of complex spectra was introduced as a contrast to simple spectra, for which the formation of series is the most conspicuous feature, see Ref. \cite{JOHANSSON96}. Complex spectra are characterized by the appearance of multiplets or groups of lines with characteristic spac...
1,314,259,994,542
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} RNA-Seq is the standard sequencing technique to reveal the presence and quantify transcripts in a biological sample and, as a result, to allow the differential expression analysis from RNA-Seq sequences. Therefore, several methods have been proposed with different approaches an...
1,314,259,994,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \paragraph*{} The nonlinear phenomenon of frequency synchronization is ubiquitous in many physical, chemical, and biological systems and has been the subject of a large number of studies over the past several years~\cite{Pikovsky_CUP_2001,Strogatz_PP_2004,Balanov_SV_2009}. The simpl...
1,314,259,994,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The central radiative cooling time of the Intracluster Medium (ICM) in nearby galaxy clusters can drop below $1\rm\thinspace Gyr$ and without a compensating source of heat the gas would rapidly cool down to low temperatures (for a review see \citealt{Fabian94}). However, the large reservoir of c...
1,314,259,994,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Description of the spectrum of resonances observed in the $\pi\pi$ (and $K\overline{K}$) system and excited in photon nucleon collisions is one of the most challenging problems of hadron spectroscopy. In the diffractive region of high energies and low momentum transfers, this reaction is domina...
1,314,259,994,546
arxiv
\section{Proof of Auxiliary Lemmas in Theorem \ref{theorem1}} \label{app1} \subsection{Proof of Lemma \ref{bss_error}} \label{ple1} \begin{lemma*}[Restatement of Lemma \ref{bss_error}] If $$n_0 \gtrsim \rho^{-1} \cdot (\nu \sigma \tilde{\tau})^2\cdot s^{3} \cdot\log^4\big(kTd/(\delta \lambda)\big), $$ we have t...
1,314,259,994,547
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction} In general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) global simulations of weakly radiating accretion flows onto a black hole, the electron energy distribution function is not explicitly modeled. In these simulations, the accreting plasma is collisionless (i.e., the Coulomb m...
1,314,259,994,548
arxiv
\section{Model building} Fermionic and bosonic fields are assigned as Table1 and Table2 respectively. \begin{table}[thb] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|cccccc|} \hline & $L_S$ & $n_S$ & $e^c_S $&$L_I$&$n_I$&$e^c_I$ \\ \hline $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ & $({\bf 2}, -1/2)$ & $({\bf 1}, 0)$ & $({\bf 1}, 1)$ ...
1,314,259,994,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Physics is customarily taught following the same chronological order in which it was developed. Students first learn the classical mechanics of Galileo and Newton, then the classical electricity and magnetism of Faraday and Maxwell, and then more modern topics such as special relativity and qua...
1,314,259,994,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the thermodynamic properties of black holes has always been an important and very attractive research topic in gravitational physics.\cite{1,2,3,4,5,6} In particular, according to the AdS/CFT correspondence, the study of black hole thermodynamics under the background of AdS space-tim...
1,314,259,994,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There exists an intimate relation between topological solitons and supersymmetry. In nonlinear field theories supporting topological solitons there frequently exists a nontrivial lower bound (Bogomolny bound) on the energy in terms of a topological charge (e.g. a winding number) as well as solut...
1,314,259,994,552
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the development of technology, people tend to use internet-based systems – such as e-learning systems, e-commerce, and social networks – more often. The quantity of content produced in these systems, therefore, is increasing dramatically. In these systems, the services are personalized acco...
1,314,259,994,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Unitary space-time codes have been studied in the context of non-coherent space-time coding, used in MIMO signalling where the receiver has no knowledge of the properties of the transmission channel. In \cite{Berhuy-2014} Berhuy provides a systematic construction of unitary codes based on ce...
1,314,259,994,554
arxiv
\section{Models and analysis setup} We explore the mechanism for parton energy loss in a Quark Gluon Plasma by comparing and contrasting two event generators with medium-modified parton showers: JEWEL \cite{Zapp:2013vla} and Q-PYTHIA \cite{Armesto:2009fj} and confronting them with experimental data. Measurements at LHC...
1,314,259,994,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} \label{section 1} \init A powerful method for solving the inverse hyperbolic problem for equations of the form $\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial t^2}+Au=0$ where $A$ is a Laplace-Beltrani operator with time-independent coefficients, was discovered by M.Belishev more then twenty years ago. ...
1,314,259,994,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Inverse problems is the mathematical theory and practical interpretation of noise-perturbed indirect observations. % Bayesian statistical inversion is the effort to formulate real-world inverse problems as Bayesian statistical estimation problems \cite{AT87,KS04}. Bayes...
1,314,259,994,557
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement} This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61672306, Grant U1813218, Grant 61822603, Grant U1713214, and Grant 61572271. \section{Conclusion} In this paper, we have presented a hardness-aware synthesis framework for deep metric learnin...
1,314,259,994,558
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} This paper is strongly related to the first part \cite{YCdV2}. We will be more specific and discuss the case of surface waves which are used in seismology in order to image the earth crust. We consider a medium $X$ with boundary $\partial X$ and assume that the medium is stratified near $\par...
1,314,259,994,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} \medskip High mass loss during the AGB phase is one of the main contributors to the return of nucleo-synthesized material into the interstellar medium. A proper understanding of AGB mass loss is thus crucial for the study of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. However, the exact...
1,314,259,994,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout the paper we deal with trees on $\eta^{<\kappa}$, with $\kappa \geq \omega$ being any regular cardinal and $\eta\geq 2$ or if $\eta$ is infinite then $\eta$ regular too. A tree-forcing $\mathbb{P}$ is a poset whose conditions are perfect trees $p \subseteq \eta^{<\kappa}$ with the pr...
1,314,259,994,561
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Semiconductor nanostructures have attracted increasing interest over the last couple of years. Especially quantum dots (QD) are proposed as possible candidates in applications like single photon sources and quantum information devices. Improved growth techniques nowadays enable the fabrication of...
1,314,259,994,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective symptomatic treatment for a range of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although DBS has been found to alleviate motor symptoms in persons with PD, the mechanisms of action are still largely unknown, making DBS pa...