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1,314,259,994,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For automatic summarization, there are two main methods: extractive and abstractive.
Extractive methods use certain scoring rules or ranking methods to select a certain number of important sentences from the source texts. For example, \cite{cao2016attsum} proposed to make use of Convolutional Neu... |
1,314,259,994,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last decade, circuit QED based on superconducting circuits has become a promising platform to investigate strong coupling between light and matter as well as enable quantum information processing technology \cite{Schoelkopf,Clarke,Wendin}. Some of the exciting results include the f... |
1,314,259,994,565 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\subsect}[1]{\setcounter{equation}{0}\subsection{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\def{\bf 1}{{\bf 1}}
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}}
\newcomma... |
1,314,259,994,566 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgments}
The authors of this paper were supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62202164, the National Key R\&D Program of China through grant 2021YFB1714800, S\&T Program of Hebei through grant 21340301D and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universi... |
1,314,259,994,567 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors thank anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the readability and correctness of the paper.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\section{Definitions}
Section~\ref{sec:grammar-defns} defines standard context-free grammars, as well as a special type called \emph{symbol-pair grammar... |
1,314,259,994,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Countless papers have suggested particles or fields that can lead to an inflating universe. Most have used ad hoc mechanisms without identifying a physical origin – what is the inflaton? Such bottom-up descriptions, furthermore, rely on strong hidden assumptions on the theory of quantum gravity. ... |
1,314,259,994,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\lb{sec_intro}
Galactic and cluster dynamics,
cosmic structure, type Ia supernovae,
the cosmic microwave background (CMB),
and the primordial abundances of light elements
provide solid evidence that dark sectors
constitute a significant energy fraction of the universe
at any accessible redshift... |
1,314,259,994,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many applications of machine learning involve learning with graph structured data such as bioinformatics \cite{sharan2006modeling}, social networks \cite{scott2011social}, chemoinformatics \cite{trinajstic2018chemical}, and so on. To deal with graph structured data, many graph kernels have been p... |
1,314,259,994,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Quiescent solar filaments are clouds of cool and dense plasma suspended against gravity by forces though to be of magnetic origin. They form along the inversion polarity line in or between the weak remnants of active regions. Early filament observations already revealed that their ... |
1,314,259,994,572 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The environmental dependence of galaxy properties (colour, star
formation, mass) is well established in the local universe. At
present many local studies have been carried out to analyse the
influence of environment on colours, luminosities, morphologies,
structural parameters, st... |
1,314,259,994,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s1}
The classical trajectories $x(t)$ of the family of complex $\mathcal P\mathcal T$-symmetric
Hamiltonians
\begin{equation}
H=p^2+x^2(ix)^\epsilon\qquad(\epsilon\geq0)
\label{e1}
\end{equation}
have been examined in detail \cite{r1}. One can plot graphs of these
trajectories by solving n... |
1,314,259,994,574 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The chemical composition of very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] $< -2.0$) and
extremely metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H] $< -3.0$) stars provides a fossil record
of the star formation and nucleosynthesis history of the early Galaxy.
Carbon (and often N and O) enhancement appears to be common for stars with... |
1,314,259,994,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
The bulk of the $3033$ sources in the \textit{Fermi} Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Large Area Telescope (\textit{Fermi}-LAT) 3FGL catalog fall into one of two classes: extragalactic blazars or nearby pulsars \citep{Acero2015}. A small number of other identified sources include s... |
1,314,259,994,576 | arxiv | \section{Laminar flow}
\label{sec:laminar}
For other active turbulent drag reduction techniques the analytical solutions for the corresponding laminar flows induced by wall motion have proven useful for accurately estimating important averaged turbulent quantities, such as the wall spanwise shear \citep{choi-xu-sung-20... |
1,314,259,994,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite undirected graph with $V=[n]\coloneqq \{1,\dots,n\}$.
The chromatic quasisymmetric function $X_G$ introduced by Shareshian--Wachs~\cite{ShWa16} is a generalization of Stanley's chromatic symmetric function~\cite{St95}, which in turn is a generalization... |
1,314,259,994,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section.introduction}
Epistemic logic investigates knowledge and belief, and change of knowledge and belief, in multi-agent systems. A foundational study is \cite{hintikka:1962}. Knowledge change was extensively modelled in temporal epistemic logics~\cite{Alur2002,halpernmoses:1990,Pnueli... |
1,314,259,994,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The James Webb Space Telescope (\citealt{gard2006}, JWST) is a space telescope developed jointly by NASA, European Space Agency (ESA) and Canadian Space Agency (CSA). This telescope, launched on December 25, 2021, has four main scientific focuses: ``The End of the Dark Ages: Fir... |
1,314,259,994,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Answer set programming} (ASP)
\cite{Niemela99:amai,MT99:slp,GL02:aij,Baral:knowledge}
is an approach to declarative rule-based constraint programming that
has been successively used in many knowledge representation and
reasoning tasks
\cite{DBLP:conf/asp/SoininenNTS01,%
DBLP:conf/padl/Nogu... |
1,314,259,994,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a complex semisimple Lie algebra.
We fix a Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak h$ of $\mathfrak g$.
Let $(\pi,V_\pi)$ be a finite dimensional representation of $\mathfrak g$, that is, a homomorphism $\pi:\mathfrak g\to \gl(V_\pi)$ with $V_\pi$ a complex vect... |
1,314,259,994,582 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
The first-quantized formulation of particle theory has been proposed by Feynman `as an alternative to the formulation of second quantization' \cite{feynman50}. Its efficiency in calculations of one-loop boson scattering amplitudes has been fully recognized after the formulation of t... |
1,314,259,994,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The development of deep learning has led to a significant surge of research activities for multimedia content generation in multimedia and computer vision community. In between, image-to-image translation is one of the widely studied tasks and the recent advances in Generative Adversarial Network... |
1,314,259,994,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most well-studied family of problems in algorithmic graph theory is that of so-called network flow problems. Such problems originate from the seemingly simple idea that one wishes to move from one location to another in a network, while minimizing some cost function. From this first i... |
1,314,259,994,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) have been used as ``standard candles'' to
estimate the distance to galaxies in cosmology. \citet{phi93law} found
a significant correlation between their absolute magnitude at maximum,
$M$, and decay rate, and proposed that a better distance indicator can
be obta... |
1,314,259,994,586 | arxiv | \section*{The Twin Paradox Put to Rest}
The twin paradox, or clock paradox, is a century-old problem in Special Relativity. It has been continuously discussed since the standard formulation of Langevin in 1911 \cite{Langevin}. Einstein by himself found a qualitative solution based on general relativity but did not achi... |
1,314,259,994,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The planetary~nebula~(PN)~/~open~cluster~(OC) pair NGC\,2452\,/\,NGC\,2453 has been widely studied, and the membership of the PN to the stellar cluster has been heavily contested. The measurements of both distance and age of the cluster ($\alpha_{2000}=07^{h}47^{m}36\f... |
1,314,259,994,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider the long time stability of the invariant tori for the $d$-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equation
\begin{equation}\label{1}
-\mathrm{i}\dot{u}=-\Delta u+V(x)\ast u+\varepsilon\frac{\partial F}{\partial \bar{u}}(|u|^{2}), \quad u=u(t,x)
\end{equation}
unde... |
1,314,259,994,589 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
We study the interpretability of pruned networks.
Specifically, we use network dissection \citep{netdissect} to examine the number of units that learn to recognize disentangled, human-identifiable concepts in networks whose weights have been removed using lottery ticket pr... |
1,314,259,994,590 | arxiv | \section{Radiowave Detection of Neutrinos}
The RICE array is designed to detect events in which a neutrino-nucleon
scattering event initiates a compact electromagnetic cascade in ice.
Such cascades
carry a net negative
electric charge of magnitude 0.25$e$/GeV, resulting in a pulse of radio Cherenkov emission via the... |
1,314,259,994,591 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
\vskip 0.4 true cm
The original motivation for the present work concerns with the
open debate of the regularity of hydrodynamical parameters of
fluid flows. It is still not known that starting from a smooth
initial conditions in a three dimensional fluid, when and how any
kind of blow up or ... |
1,314,259,994,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite the recent successes of Reinforcement Learning \citep[e.g.][]{mnih2015humanlevel,Silver1140}, it has hardly been applied in real industrial issues. This could be attributed to two undesirable properties which limit its practical applications. First, it depends on a tremendous amount of i... |
1,314,259,994,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The IceCube experiment has recently detected neutrinos of astrophysical origin with energies
up to $\sim$2~PeV~\cite{bigBird}. This is a breakthrough in high energy astrophysics,
and represents the first observation of astrophysical neutrinos (except those seen from the sun ... |
1,314,259,994,594 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{P}{ower} efficiency is one of the driving forces behind the development of current communication technologies.
Unfortunately, one of the main sources of power consumption are amplifiers operating at low efficiency. This holds even for state-of-the-art amplifiers. They cannot be ope... |
1,314,259,994,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Variational inference (VI) has emerged as a fast, albeit biased, alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo for Bayesian inference.
VI methods attempt to minimize the KL divergence from a parametrized family of distributions to a true posterior over latent variables.
The expressive... |
1,314,259,994,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semimetals that straddle insulators and metals are fascinating systems. Elemental semimetals, graphene, $\alpha$-Sn, As, Sb and Bi are special, partly because of their structural simplicity. Two dimensional graphene, a relatively recent entry has created a great excitement in the scientific comm... |
1,314,259,994,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a remarkable fact that an asymptotically flat four dimensional Kerr black hole could be described holographically by a two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). The Kerr/CFT correspondence was first proposed for the extremal Kerr black hole by studying the asymptotic symmetry group of ... |
1,314,259,994,598 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In wireless communications,
relay stations have been used to relay radio signals
between radio stations that cannot directly communicate
with each other due to the signal attenuation.
More recently, relay stations are used to achieve a certain spatial diversity
... |
1,314,259,994,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Currently, laser systems of high intensities are being intensively created \cite{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}, as well as sources of high-energy particles \cite{9,10,11,12}. This contributes to the intensive development of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong electromagnetic fields \cite{13,14,15,16,17,18... |
1,314,259,994,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many bio-surveillance and healthcare applications, data sources are measured from many spatial locations repeatedly over time, say, daily, weekly, or monthly. In these applications, we are typically interested in detecting {\it hot-spots}, which are defined as some structured outliers tha... |
1,314,259,994,601 | arxiv | \section{What is Effective Altruism?}
The term \textit{effective altruism} (often abbreviated as \textit{EA}) was coined in 2011 at Oxford University, by a small group of academic philosophers and individuals involved in charity and philanthropy organizations \cite{macaskill2019definition}. In 2016, the head of this g... |
1,314,259,994,602 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We would like to thank Stephen Barr and Mark Wise for useful suggestions. The work of X.C.~is supported in part by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grants numbers ST/T00102X/1, ST/T006048/1 and ST/S002227/1). The work of F.K.~is supported by a doctoral studentship of the Scienc... |
1,314,259,994,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\normalsize
Time division duplexing (TDD) and frequency division duplexing (FDD) are the commonly used techniques to protect receivers from their overwhelming self-interference (SI). This implies that the resources (i.e., time or frequency) are divided between forward and reverse links, which cre... |
1,314,259,994,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The capability of aquatic animals to accurately perceive their environment plays a crucial role in their survival.
Many fish species employ specialized organs to obtain visual, olfactory, and tactile cues from their environment \blue{ which} often complement each other. Predator-detection by... |
1,314,259,994,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Functional methods in modern statistical physics represent one of
the most powerful tools for the study both of equilibrium and
dynamical properties (see, e.g. \cite{Orland,Zinn}). A great
amount of statistical field theories known in the literature are
based of the Hubbard-Stratono... |
1,314,259,994,606 | arxiv | \section{Twistor Yang-Mills}
The twistor space of four-dimensional Euclidean space ${\mathbb{E}}$ may be
viewed as the total space of right Weyl spinors over ${\mathbb{E}}$. A right
Weyl spinor $\pi_{\dot\alpha}$ in four dimensions has two components,
and we will be interested in the projectivized spin bundle where
$\... |
1,314,259,994,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Recommender Systems (RS) have become very common in recent years and are useful
in various real-life applications.
The most popular ones are probably suggestions for movies on Netflix and books
for Amazon. However, they can also be used in more unlikely area such drug
disco... |
1,314,259,994,608 | arxiv |
\subsubsection{Acknowledgements.}
We are grateful to David Baelde for his help in phrasing the
definition of the logical relation in Section~\ref{ssec:vericc}. The
paper has benefited from many suggestions from its reviewers. This
work has been supported by the National Science Foundation grant
CCF-0917140 and by the... |
1,314,259,994,609 | arxiv | \section{How many evolved stars can be observed with MATISSE?}
First of all, we need to emphasize that MATISSE will mainly focus on dusty stars, as the mid-infrared is the perfect match to collect data on the dust quantity and composition around a given object.
To illustrate that, we selected a few topics of interest... |
1,314,259,994,610 | arxiv | \section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE Cambridge,
U.K.; E-mail: am2212@cam.ac.uk}}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~Statistical Physics Group, Department of Chemical
Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, U.K.; E-m... |
1,314,259,994,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The study of global properties of cosmological spacetimes is
a fundamental problem in mathematical relativity, as it provides
a first step toward understanding fundamental issues such as the
structure of singularities and the cosmic censorship conjecture.
Such a study can be re... |
1,314,259,994,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the critical Lane-Emden system
\begin{equation}\label{eq-LEs}
\begin{cases}
-\Delta u = v^p &\text{in } \R^n,\\
-\Delta v = u^q &\text{in } \R^n,\\
u,v >0\ &\text{in } \R^n
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $n \ge 3$ and $p,q>0$ and $(p,q)$ belongs to the {\em critical hyperb... |
1,314,259,994,613 | arxiv | \section{Compiler Technology}
Synthesis technology and compiler technology are intimately tied. In the end, compilers are an essential consumer of the output of synthesis tools. Moreover, synthesis tools often reuse programming language processing and analysis infrastructure from compiler infrastructures in order to p... |
1,314,259,994,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:into}
The relativistic hydrodynamics (RHD)
plays the leading role in astrophysics and nuclear physics etc. The RHDs
is necessary in situations where the local velocity of the
flow is close to the light speed in vacuum, or where the local internal energy density is comparable (or large... |
1,314,259,994,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classical Poisson bracket defined on functions on ${{\mathbb{R}}^{2n}}$ is\cite{1,7,10}
\[\left\{ {{f}_{1}},{{f}_{2}} \right\}= \frac{\partial {{f}_{1}}}{\partial {{q}^{i}}}\frac{\partial {{f}_{2}}}{\partial {{p}_{i}}}-\frac{\partial {{f}_{1}}}{\partial {{p}_{i}}}\frac{\partial {{f}_{2}}}{... |
1,314,259,994,616 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION\label{intro}}
The diffuse Galactic synchrotron radiation provides a continuous
background of radio emission which is intrinsically highly (up to
$\approx$70\%) linearly polarized. This radiation is Faraday-rotated
from the point of emission as it propagates through warm ionized gas
interwoven wi... |
1,314,259,994,617 | arxiv | \section*{Figure Captions}
\begin{description}
\item[Fig. 1]
Fermi surface of noninteracting $tt'$-Hubbard model
$t'= 0.3 t$, $E_F = -1.2t$, hole doping
= 0.27. Solid circles indicate saddle points.
\item[Fig. 2a]
Superconducting vertex correlation function $\chi(R)$
(Eq. (3)), plotted versus distance $R$, $12\times 1... |
1,314,259,994,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Power control is especially crucial in a large-scale multiuser wireless network where interference is the main limiting factor in achieving high network throughput. A large volume of work, led by the pioneer results in \cite{JZANDER93,SAGRVDJGJZ93,JZANDER92,GFZM93}, has contributed to the design... |
1,314,259,994,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
}
\Pb\ is the heaviest easily accessible doubly magic nucleus.
It is an ideal test laboratory to study the shell model in detail.
For a wide range in excitation energy one-particle one-hole
excitations are dominant, only at an excitation energy above
$E_x$=5.3\,MeV four quasiparticle excitations... |
1,314,259,994,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-1em}
Soon after its release, ImageNet~\cite{ILSVRC15:rus} became the de facto standard dataset for performance benchmarking in the field of computer vision, primarily thanks to the diverse set of images and classes it contains. This diversity allowed for research on various vision tasks,... |
1,314,259,994,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\PARstart{T}{he} COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly become into one of the biggest health world challenges in recent years.
The disease spreads at a fast pace: the reproduction number of COVID-19 ranged from $2.24$ to $3.58$ during the first months of the pandemic \cite{zhao... |
1,314,259,994,622 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\setlength{\parindent}{0cm}
Many clustering methods generate a family of clusterings that depend
on some user-defined parameters.
The most prominent example is the $K$-means algorithm, where the investigator
has to specify the number of clusters. Similarly, in hierarchical
clustering, a whole f... |
1,314,259,994,623 | arxiv | \section{Anisotropy computation}
In this section, we provide a brief description of the methodology employed for computing optimal anisotropy parameters $(\beta^{\star},\theta^{\star})$. In depth exposition can be found in our previous work \cite{CHAKRABORTY20221}. In order to compute the anisotropy parameters $(\beta^... |
1,314,259,994,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{introduction}
We have developed a model which aims to reproduce self-consistently
observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray origin and
propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and
positrons, $\gamma$-rays, and synchrotron radiation. These data provid... |
1,314,259,994,625 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Neutrinos are unique messengers from the high-energy Universe. Produced through interactions of high-energy cosmic rays with ambient matter and photon fields, they provide an unambiguous tracer of the sites of hadronic acceleration (see \citealp{ahlers2018} for a recent review).
Following the... |
1,314,259,994,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:into}
The existence of the tiny neutrino mass can be naturally explained by the seesaw mechanism \cite{Minkowski:1977sc, Yanagida:1980xy, Schechter:1980gr, Sawada:1979dis, GellMann:1980vs,Glashow:1979nm, Mohapatra:1979ia} which extends the Standard Model (SM) through Majorana type Righ... |
1,314,259,994,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Motivation and Background}
\label{ssec:motivate}
Auction based mechanisms are extremely relevant in modern
day electronic procurement systems \cite{CHANDRA07,NARAHARI09a} since they enable a promising way of
automating negotiations with suppliers and achieving ... |
1,314,259,994,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Astrophysical research in the past two decades has accumulated strong evidence for the existence of supermassive black holes at the center of most galaxies, including the Milky Way \cite{gillessen17} and the nearby M87 \cite{broderick15}. One year ago, the international collaboration Event Horiz... |
1,314,259,994,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum computing is emerging as a powerful computational paradigm~\cite{cao2019quantum,kandala2017hardware,biamonte2017quantum,farhi2014quantum,harrow2009quantum,rebentrost2014quantum}, showing impressive efficiency in tackling traditionally intractable problems,
including cryptography~\cite{s... |
1,314,259,994,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\noindent
This paper investigates the complexity and size-constraints related
to languages over the unary alphabet -- this is assumed everywhere
throughout the paper -- when these languages are given by a nondeterministic
finite automaton with a special emphasis on the case wh... |
1,314,259,994,631 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Collaborative Filtering (CF) is widely applied to various scenarios of recommender systems, which provides personalized item recommendation based on past user behaviors, such as purchasing a product~\cite{koren2009matrix,salakhutdinov2008bayesian,rendlebayesian}.
Recently, graph based recommendat... |
1,314,259,994,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent progress in computer hardware with the democratization to perform intensive calculations has enabled researchers to work with models, that have millions of free parameters. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have already demonstrated their success in image classification, object detection... |
1,314,259,994,633 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:introduction}
The problem of tracking and monitoring targets using
position-fixed sensors is relevant to a variety of applications,
including monitoring of moving targets using cameras
\cite{}, tracking anomalies in manufacturing
plants \cite{CullerOverviewSensorNetworks04}, and tracki... |
1,314,259,994,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum Annealing (QA) is a metaheuristic for solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum fluctuations~\cite{kadowaki1998quantum, brooke1999quantum, santoro2002theory, santoro2006optimization, das2008colloquium, morita2008mathematical,hauke2019perspectives}, and is closely related w... |
1,314,259,994,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In quantum chaos a lot of work is devoted to the investigation
of the statistics of eigenvalues and properties of eigenfunctions
of quantum systems whose classical counterpart is chaotic.
For ergodic systems the behavior of almost all eigenfunctions in the
semiclassical limit is descr... |
1,314,259,994,636 | arxiv | \section*{Notes}}
\newcommand{\Exer}{
\bigskip\markright{EXERCISES}
\section*{Exercises}}
\newcommand{D_G}{D_G}
\newcommand{{\rm S5}_m}{{\rm S5}_m}
\newcommand{{\rm S5C}_m}{{\rm S5C}_m}
\newcommand{{\rm S5I}_m}{{\rm S5I}_m}
\newcommand{{\rm S5CI}_m}{{\rm S5CI}_m}
\newcommand{Mart\'\i n\ }{Mart\'\i n\ }
\newcommand{\end... |
1,314,259,994,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The magnetic observation of the earth with satellites has now matured
to a point where continuous measurements of the field are available
from 1999 onwards, thanks to the Oersted, SAC-C, and CHAMP missions
\cite[e.g.][and references therein]{orsted2000,pomme}.
In conjunction with ground-based m... |
1,314,259,994,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
In \cite{Datta:2017ert}, backgrounds of the form
\begin{equation}\label{background}
{\rm AdS}_3 \times \Bigl( {\rm S}^3 \times \mathbb{T}^4 \Bigr) / D_n \ ,
\end{equation}
were shown to have ${\cal N}=(2,2)$ spacetime supersymmetry after orbifolding by dihedral groups $D_n$,... |
1,314,259,994,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent years have seen tremendous advances in NLP systems' ability to handle discourse level phenomena, including discourse unit segmentation and connective detection \cite{zeldes-etal-2019-disrpt} as well as discourse relation classification (e.g.~\citealt{lin_ng_kan_2014, braud-etal-2017-cross... |
1,314,259,994,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Digital images provide a powerful and intuitive way to represent the physical world.
Unfortunately, noise is inevitable in the data that is taken or transmitted. When recovering an underlying image from its corrupted measurements, one requires a \textit{fidelity} term to properly model the d... |
1,314,259,994,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation \& Contributions}
Reconstruct an unknown $N$-dimensional sparse signal vector
$\boldsymbol{x}\in\mathbb{R}^{N}$
from linear and noisy $M$-dimensional measurement vector
$\boldsymbol{y}\in\mathbb{R}^{M}$~\cite{Donoho06,Candes061}, given by
\begin{equation} \label{model... |
1,314,259,994,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gauge theories of fundamental interactions have been the
cornerstone of describing the physical world at the most basic
level. Their enormous success primarily lies in the region where
the coupling strength is small enough and the tools of
perturbation theory are reliable. However, not all inter... |
1,314,259,994,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Security-typed languages restrict the ways that classified information can flow
from high-security to low-security clients. \citet[Abadi \etal]{abadi:1999}
pioneered the use of \emph{idempotent monads} to deliver this restriction in
their \DefEmph{dependency core calculus} (DCC), parameterized i... |
1,314,259,994,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The probes of the epoch of reionization (EoR) and cosmic dawn remain outstanding aims of modern cosmology. While relevant information about the era of cosmic dawn remains elusive, important strides have been made in understanding the EoR since 2000, mainly owing to the detection of Gunn-Pete... |
1,314,259,994,645 | arxiv | \section{Section Heading}
\baselineskip=24pt
\section{Basic properties of contact metric structures}
A contact form on a $2n+1$-dimensional manifold $M$ is a one-form $\eta$ such that $\eta\wedge (d\alpha )^n$ is a volume form on $M$. Given a contact manifold $(M,\eta )$, there exist tensor fields $(\xi ,\phi ... |
1,314,259,994,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The extragalactic background light (EBL) is the diffuse and isotropic radiation field from ultraviolet to far infrared wavelengths
\citep[see e.g.][for a review]{2001ARA&A..39..249H,2005PhR...409..361K}.
It originates from the starlight integrated over all epochs and starlight emission reprocess... |
1,314,259,994,647 | arxiv | \section{Les r\'esultats}
\bigskip
\subsection{Calcul des caract\`eres sur les \'el\'ements compacts}
Pour tout groupe r\'eductif d\'efini sur $F$ ou ${\mathbb F}_{q}$ (qui est le corps r\'esiduel de $F$), not\'e $H$, on note par la lettre gothique $\mathfrak{h}$ son alg\`ebre de Lie. Fixons un caract\`ere contin... |
1,314,259,994,648 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{istributions} with fixed marginals have been studied extensively
in the probability literature (see for example \cite{fixed} and the references
therein). They are closely related to (and sometimes identified with, as will be
the case in this paper) the concept of coupling, whi... |
1,314,259,994,649 | arxiv | \section*{Supplementary information}
\subsection*{Initial state preparation}
Our experiment began with the preparation of a unity-filling rubidium-87 Mott
insulator in a two-dimensional square optical lattice with a lattice spacing of $a_{\mathrm{lat}}=\SI{532}{nm}$~\cite{sherson2010}. The typically prepared system c... |
1,314,259,994,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Various physical phenomena are affected by drastic changes in the speed of sound, or more generally, in the speed of certain waves.
The occurrence of these changes may be caused, for example, by the geometry of the problem.
Other examples are the propagation of waves in heterogeneous compressib... |
1,314,259,994,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Preliminaries}
It is well known that the class of distribution semigroups in Banach spaces was introduced by J. L. Lions \cite{li121} in 1960
as an attempt to seek for the solutions of abstract first order differential equations that are not well-posed in the usual sense, i.e.,
whose soluti... |
1,314,259,994,652 | arxiv | \section{Basic Formulae}
Out of the Weisskopf-Wigner approximation we will essentially need only the
part which has to do with the eigenvectors of the effective, non-hermitian
Hamiltonian which is the result of two approximations made in the Schr\"odinger
equation \cite{nach}, \cite{kabir3}.
This part defines the $K_S... |
1,314,259,994,653 | arxiv | \section{The General Dissipative Theory}
The typical transport setup, see Fig.\ 1(A), can be described by
\begin{eqnarray}\label{H-ms} H &=&
H_S(a_{\mu}^{\dagger},a_{\mu})+\sum_{\alpha=L,R}\sum_{\mu k}
\epsilon_{\alpha\mu k}d^{\dagger}_{\alpha\mu k}d_{\alpha\mu k} \nonumber \\
& & + \sum_{\alpha=L,R}\sum_... |
1,314,259,994,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
The asymptotic iteration method (AIM) is an iterative algorithm for the
solution of Sturm--Liouville equations~\cite{CHS03,F04}. Although this
method does not seem to be better than other existing approaches, it has
been applied to quantum--mechanical~\cite{B05,B06,CHS05} as we... |
1,314,259,994,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\gamma = \gamma^n$ denote the standard Gaussian probability measure on Euclidean space $(\mathbb{R}^n,\abs{\cdot})$: \[
\gamma^n := \frac{1}{(2\pi)^{\frac{n}{2}}} e^{-\frac{|x|^2}{2}} \, dx =: e^{-W(x)}\, dx.
\]
More generally, if $\H^{k}$ denotes the $k$-dimensional Hausdorff measure, let... |
1,314,259,994,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} The Lugiato-Lefever equation \cite{Lugiato_Lefever1987} is the most commonly used model to describe electromagnetic fields inside a resonant cavity that is pumped by a strong continuous laser source. Inside the cavity the electromagnetic field propagates and suffers losses due to curvature and/or... |
1,314,259,994,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $Q = (I,\Omega)$ be a quiver. Fix a vector $q\in (\mathbb{C}^\times)^I$. Associated to these data is a noncommutative algebra $\Lambda^q$, the {\em multiplicative preprojective algebra} \cite{CBS} of $Q$ with parameter $q$.
Letting $\alpha\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^I$ be a dim... |
1,314,259,994,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent The first idea on syllogisms was produced in the field of proper thinking by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. His idea mainly said that in his Prior Analytics: \textquotedblleft syllogism is discourse in which, certain things being stated, something other than what is stated follows o... |
1,314,259,994,659 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{Acknowledgments}
\small{
\new{
We thank Abhishek Kadian and Prithviraj Ammanabrolu for their help in the initial stages of the project. The Georgia Tech effort was supported in part by NSF, AFRL, DARPA, ONR YIPs, ARO PECASE. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should ... |
1,314,259,994,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Specification}
A disruptive event is an event that obstructs routine process to fulfil their goal and instructed by many unauthorized
sources~\cite{alsaedi2015feature,alsaedi2017can}. Its duration is often unpredictable and it may happen for one or two days or may be continuing for several da... |
1,314,259,994,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this study we investigate the bound state spectrum of the low-lying triplet states in the four-electron Be
atom. As is well known (see, e.g., \cite{Sob}) the bound state spectra of the four-electron Be atom and Be-like
ions include the two separate series: singlet states and triplet stat... |
1,314,259,994,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Logic optimization approaches can be divided into {\em algorithmic-based methods}, which are based on global transformations, and {\em rule-based methods}, which are based on local transformations~\cite{espr}.
Rule-based methods, also called {\em rewriting}, use a set of ru... |
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