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1,477,468,750,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) is a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) material made by rolling up a graphene sheet, which possesses two Dirac cones at $K$ and $K'$ points. The circumference of nanotube is represented by the chiral vector, $ \bm{C}_{\rm h} = n \bm{a}_1 + m \bm{a}_2 $, on the gr...
1,477,468,750,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Heavy quarkonium consist of two quarks with heavy mass, since its discovery, it has been well probed to investigate the strong interaction and test quantum chromodynamics (QCD) due to its characteristic scales in the system. Non-relativistic QCD(NRQCD) factorization framework~\cite...
1,477,468,750,283
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The pursuit of methods to robustly and accurately measure animal behavior is at least as old as the scientific study of behavior itself~\cite{klette2008understanding}. Trails of hominid footprints, ``motion'' captured by pliocene deposits at Laetoli that date to 3.66 million years ago, fir...
1,477,468,750,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec: introduction} Recent experimental observations of the long-range azimuthal correlations in high-multiplicity proton-proton (p+p) \cite{Khachatryan:2010gv} and proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions \cite% {CMS:2012qk,Abelev:2012ola,Aad:2012gla,Adare:2013piz} shed some new light on our under...
1,477,468,750,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nonequlibrium processes are common in nature, but a general framework to understand them is lacking as compared to equilibrium systems. However, recent development in the field of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, had led for the discovery of {\it fluctuation theorems} (FT) \cite{eva93,eva94,...
1,477,468,750,286
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The age of galactic Globular Clusters (GCs) provides fundamental information about the age of the universe and the formation history of the Galaxy. Recent improvements in the input physics needed for computing stellar evolutionary models have revived theoretical work on low-mass stars and GC a...
1,477,468,750,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a recent paper\cite{Koike:2022ddx}, three of the present authors studied the transverse polarization of hyperons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, $ep\to e\Lambda^\uparrow X$. For a large-$P_T$ hyperon production, this process can be analyzed in the framework of the col...
1,477,468,750,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The vector $\textbf{a}=(a_0,\ldots, a_{d-1})$ is called \textit{unimodal} if for some (not necessarily unique) index $i$, $(a_0,\ldots, a_i)$ is non-decreasing and $(a_i,\ldots, a_{d-1})$ is non-increasing. If that is the case, we say that the unimodal vector $\textbf{a}$ \textit{peaks} at $i...
1,477,468,750,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathcal C$ be a class of topological spaces. A topological space $Y$ is called an absolute extender (AE) for the class $\mathcal{C}$ if, given a topological space $X$, a closed set $A\subset X$ and a continuous function $f\from A\to Y$, there is a continuous extension $F\from X\to Y$. In...
1,477,468,750,290
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Affine Lagrangian (totally real or purely real) submanifolds are ``maximally non-complex" submanifolds in almost complex manifolds defined by relaxing the Lagrangian condition (Definition \ref{def of aff Lag}). The affine Lagrangian condition is an open condition and hence there ar...
1,477,468,750,291
arxiv
\section{\bf Scientific Background} \input{sciback-l} \section{\bf Methods} \input{methods-l} \section{\bf Contributions} \input{res-l} \section{\bf Experimental Evaluations} \input{xp-l} \section{\bf Conclusion} \input{conclu-l} \section*{\bf Acknowledgments} This work has been partly funded by I...
1,477,468,750,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the 1950's Wigner introduced random real symmetric matrices to model the highly excited energy levels of heavy nuclei (see \cite{Po65}). From the experimental data, a natural statistic to calculate empirically is the distribution of the spacing between consecutive levels, normalized so that t...
1,477,468,750,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction } \subsection{Statement of the problem} The present paper deals with the inverse problem of determining the magnetic field and the time-dependent electric potential in the magnetic Schr\"odinger equation from the knowledge of boundary observations. Let $\Omega \subset\mathbb{R}^{n}$, $n\geq 3$, ...
1,477,468,750,294
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Thanks to a result by J. Stelzig (\cite[Theorem 3]{Ste18}) we obtain the explicit algebraic structures of the complexes of differential forms of the Iwasawa manifold and some of its small deformations. We introduce these examples whit the aim of studying some properties of the Fr\"olicher spectr...
1,477,468,750,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} One of the most beautiful results in the theory of Milnor fibrations would be the formula for the (local) Milnor monodromy zeta functions obtained by Varchenko \cite{Varchenko} (see also \cite{Kushnirenko} and \cite{Oka-2} for the detail of this subject). In his formula, the Milnor ...
1,477,468,750,296
arxiv
\section{#1}} \numberwithin{equation}{section} \newtheorem{dfn}{Definition}[section] \newtheorem{thm}[dfn]{Theorem} \newtheorem{lma}[dfn]{Lemma} \newtheorem{hypo}[dfn]{Hypothesis} \newtheorem{ppsn}[dfn]{Proposition} \newtheorem{cor}[dfn]{Corollary} \newtheorem{xmpl}[dfn]{Example} \newtheorem{rmrk}[dfn]{Remark}...
1,477,468,750,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The clustering of galaxies is a fundamental measure of the statistical properties of the cosmic density field through cosmic time. In the last decade, it became possible to determine the clustering strength of galaxy populations at spatial scales out to tens of Mpc and beyond w...
1,477,468,750,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lie algebras are vector spaces equipped with an antisymmetric bracket satisfying the Jacobi identity. Many interesting physical theories can be cast in this language, but others require a suitable generalization of this program. This is the case of Double Field Theory (DFT) \footnote{For reviews...
1,477,468,750,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Twitter is increasingly used as a source of news and latest trends. Being open to all, Twitter emerged as an excellent means to disseminate information to a large user community in the shortest time. On the negative side, this very open uncontrolled nature makes microblogging vulnerable to fals...
1,477,468,750,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many communication scenarios, users have access to some side information about the messages that are requested by other users. For example, this scenario can arise in caching networks in which caches opportunistically store content that may be requested in the future. It can also arise in wir...
1,477,468,750,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The evolution of non-equilibrium systems involves energy exchange through the system boundary with the surroundings. It is of broad interest to understand how such evolution can be triggered and what the function of external perturbation is. A famous example is the laminar-turbulent transition of...
1,477,468,750,302
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Novel beam-intercepting materials and targetry concepts are essential to improve the performance, reliability and operation lifetimes of next generation multi-megawatt (multi-MW) accelerator target facilities. The beam-intercepting materials and components must sustain an order-of-magnitude incr...
1,477,468,750,303
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The emergence of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) along with new traffic infrastructure technologies \cite{li2013survey},\cite{9625017} over the past decade have brought the promise of resolving long-lasting problems in transportation networks such as accidents, congestion, and unsustaina...
1,477,468,750,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Grounding natural language in fine-grained image regions is essential for a broad variety of vision-language tasks, such as robotic navigation~\citep{tellex2011understanding,Anderson_2018_CVPR}, visual question answering~\citep{antol2015vqa,anderson2018bottom}, visual dialogue~\citep{das2017visu...
1,477,468,750,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In his general theory of relativity, Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves (GWs) \cite{einstein:1916} --- ripples in the fabric of spacetime caused by asymmetries in catastrophic and highly accelerated events throughout the cosmos. Though confirmed indirectly by observat...
1,477,468,750,306
arxiv
\section{\bfseries Introduction} \ \par We consider an obstacle $D$ immersed in a region $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ $(d=2,3)$ which is filled with a viscous fluid. Then, the velocity vector $u$ and the scalar pressure $p$ of the fluid in the presence of the obstacle $D$ fulfill the following boundary value problem f...
1,477,468,750,307
arxiv
\section{\label{sec: intro} Introduction} Discovery of kHz QPOs in the flux from certain X--ray burst sources have prompted substantial amount of work in connection with accretion physics and structure properties of the central accretors in such systems. In particular, these oscillations have been used to derive ...
1,477,468,750,308
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The growing complexity of the Josephson junctions (JJs) in terms of layout and materials has significantly increased the "parameters space" for a full understanding and control of their properties~\cite{Barone1982,Tafuri2019}. Ferromagnetic (SFS) JJs are a unique platform to integrate the cohe...
1,477,468,750,309
arxiv
\subsubsection*{References}} \usepackage{mathtools} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{bashful} \usepackage{pdfpages} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[caption = false]{subfig} \usepackage{xr-hyper} \usepackage{hyperref...
1,477,468,750,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{SecIntroduction} The key challenge of many tasks in both computer vision and graphics can be attributed to image smoothing. At the same time, the required smoothing properties can vary dramatically for different tasks. In this paper, depending on the required smoothing properties, we roug...
1,477,468,750,311
arxiv
\section{SM 1: QFI for mixed states} In this Section, we recall some elements of the general theory of QFI for mixed states \cite{pezze2014}. For two mixed states, described by density matrices $\rho$ and $\sigma$, the fidelity, similar to that for pure states, is defined as: \begin{eqnarray} \mathcal{F}(\theta, \math...
1,477,468,750,312
arxiv
\section{Cunningham chains}\label{SECunChain} Cunningham \cite[p.~241]{Cunningham1907} claimed that a $C_{+1}$ chain $(p_k)_{k=0}^{\lambda-1}$ of length $\lambda \geq 4$ must have (a)~each $p_k \equiv -1 \pmod 3$ and (b)~each $p_k \equiv -1 \pmod 5$. However, condition (b) is incorrect for the prime chain $(2,5,11,23...
1,477,468,750,313
arxiv
\section{Machine Learning Model Lifecycle}\label{sec:background} In this paper, we focus on supervised learning, more specifically, on training classification models using (deep) neural networks~\cite{DL_origin}. The model is used to give predictions to inputs provided by users. \subsection{Machine Learning Mo...
1,477,468,750,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1977, Shu presented seminal work in the theory of low-mass, isolated star formation \citep[hereafter Shu77]{shu77}. He presented the idea that stars could form from inside-out collapse. This model is still important today because it is simple, yet it predicts so many observables in the pro...
1,477,468,750,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \subsection{Regenerating Codes} \label{sec:regenerating_codes} In the regenerating-code framework~\cite{DimGodWuWaiRam}, all symbols are drawn from a fixed finite field $\mathbb{F}$ whose size is the power of a prime. The size of the field does not play an important role in...
1,477,468,750,316
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Mixture of Experts (MoE) \cite{jacobs1991adaptive} is the basis of many state-of-the-art deep learning models. For example, MoE-based layers are being used to perform efficient computation in high-capacity neural networks and to improve parameter sharing in multi-task learning (MTL) \cite{sha...
1,477,468,750,317
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The p-mode oscillation frequencies vary with the activity cycle of the Sun \cite{sal09} and other solar-like stars \cite{gar10}. However, as observed in the Sun, these temporal variations present differences in amplitude, phase, and frequency among individual modes. Thus the frequency separations...
1,477,468,750,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent This paper is concerned with a conjecture of D.~J. Benson~\cite{Benson:DicksonCompCoho} about the commutative algebra of group cohomology rings. There are several results relating the group structure of a finite group~$G$ to the commutative algebra of its cohomology ring $H^*(G) = H^*(G...
1,477,468,750,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro \subsection*{Overview} The aim of this note is to prove that the commutative ring $R$ of real-exponent polynomials in $n$ variables over any field~$\kk$ has global dimension~$n + 1$ and flat dimension~$n$ (Theorem~\ref{t:gl.dim} and Corollary~\ref{c:fldim}). It might be unexpecte...
1,477,468,750,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Analysis of the event anisotropies (anisotropic flow) in multiparticle production in non-central nuclear collisions appeared to be one of the most informative paths in understanding the physics and characterizing the properties of the dense and hot strongly interacting medium. It has been obser...
1,477,468,750,321
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent progress in deep learning approaches for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) has shown that specific subclasses of these problems can now be solved efficiently through training a parameterized model on a distribution of problem instances. This has most prominently been ...
1,477,468,750,322
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Dimensionality sets profound limits on the stage where data takes place, therefore it is often crucial to know the intrinsic dimension of data to carry out meaningful analysis. Intrinsic dimension provides direct information about data complexity, as such, it was recognised as a useful measur...
1,477,468,750,323
arxiv
\subsection{Derivation of the potential and electric field} \label{subsect-derivation-V-and-E} In this Appendix, we use superposition and Coulomb's law to obtain an exact mathematical expression for the potential~$V_{\rm rect}(x,y,z)$ of a uniformly charged rectangle\cite{Hummer1996}. Knowing~$V_{\rm rect}$, it is t...
1,477,468,750,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Particle reinforced composite materials, such as polymer composites, concretes and short-fiber reinforced composites, have been widely used in a variety of engineering and industrial products. The safety and reliability of composite structures are closely related to the mechanical properties of...
1,477,468,750,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Cluster Mergers and Their Effect on Member Galaxies} Mergers between clusters are exciting events, involving around $10^{64}$ ergs of kinetic energy. On cluster-wide scales the effects of the dissipation of this energy are evident in the intracluster medium (ICM). X-ray observations...
1,477,468,750,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A strong light-matter interaction in semiconductor microcavities gives rise to formation of composite quasiparticles called exciton polaritons \cite{weisbuch1992}. Being a superposition of excitons and photons, they provide a strong optical non-linearity and may be characterized by a very li...
1,477,468,750,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are two ways in which indistinguishable particles can be represented in quantum-mechanical models: the first-quantization formalism models their state vectors as elements of the (anti)symmetric subspace of a multi-particle Hilbert space, whereas the second-quantization formalism takes their...
1,477,468,750,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation and definitions} The topic of spacing distributions in random matrix ensembles is almost as old as the introduction of random matrix theory into nuclear physics. Both events can be traced back to Wigner in the mid 1950's \cite{Wi55, Wi57}. Thus Wigner introduced the model o...
1,477,468,750,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Please follow the steps outlined below when submitting your manuscript to the IEEE Computer Society Press. This style guide now has several important modifications (for example, you are no longer warned against the use of sticky tape to attach your artwork to the paper), so all authors should r...
1,477,468,750,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} In many applications there is interest in regressing an outcome on exposures observed over a previous time window. This frequently arises in environmental epidemiology applications where either a health outcome on one day is regressed on exposures (e.g. temperature or air pollution) ...
1,477,468,750,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \label{sec:intro} The theory of polymer adsorption \cite{DeBell,Rensburg2000} has a long history \cite{Rubin,Silberberg1962}. For linear polymers a variety of models have been considered including random walks \cite{Hammersley1982,Rubin,Binder2012}, directed and partiall...
1,477,468,750,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{} Numerical simulations of large-scale structure have met with great success. However these same simulations fail to account for several of the observed properties of galaxies. On large scales, $\sim 0.01-100 \rm\, Mpc$, the ansatz of cold, weakly interacting dark matter has led to re...
1,477,468,750,333
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Black hole thermodynamics has a variety of applications, from the insights of quantum gravity Gedankenexperiments to practical calculations in heavy ion collisions and condensed matter physics. And there are just as many formalisms for describing the thermodynamic behavior: the...
1,477,468,750,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012xdj} completed the observation of all fundamental degrees of freedom predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle interactions. Nevertheless, it is widely believed that the SM suffers from a series of shortcomings...
1,477,468,750,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we will study the following type of boundary layer problem in dimension $d \geq 2$ \begin{equation}\label{e.cellmain} \left\{\begin{aligned} &- \nabla \cdot a(y,\nabla v_n^s) = 0 &\text{ in }& P_n^s = \{ y \cdot n >s\} ,\\ & v_n^s(y)=\varphi(y) &\text{ on }& \partial P_n^s. ...
1,477,468,750,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of results} A domain $U$ in $\mathbb{C}$ is {\it simply connected} if any curve in $U$ can be homotopically deformed to a point. Equivalently, $U$ is simply connected if $U^c$ is connected, where the complement is taken in the Riemann sphere, $\hat{\mathbb{C}}=\mathbb{C} \cup \{\inf...
1,477,468,750,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of quantum entanglement \cite{NC, BZ, WGE, PKP} speaks of a shared existence of particles having their properties interlinked with each other. An interesting manifestation of entanglement is that the correlation survives even when the particles move to a large distance after having com...
1,477,468,750,338
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \def{\hbox{ 1\kern-.8mm l}}{{\hbox{ 1\kern-.8mm l}}} \def{\hbox{ 0\kern-1.5mm 0}}{{\hbox{ 0\kern-1.5mm 0}}} \begin{document} {}~ {}~ \hfill\vbox{\hbox{hep-th/0601228}}\break \vskip .6cm \medskip \baselineskip 20pt ...
1,477,468,750,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Urban traffic regularly exhibits disturbances and inefficiencies caused by simple traffic management schemes faced with large volumes of vehicles. Especially smaller intersections are typically handled by static priority rules, resulting in vehicles approaching from a minor...
1,477,468,750,340
arxiv
\section{Background}\label{back} This paper concerns the classification of minimal varieties of algebras. Early work on this topic focused on determining the minimal subvarieties of known varieties (e.g., groups, rings, modules, lattices, etc). For a survey of these results, please consult \cite{szendrei-survey}. This ...
1,477,468,750,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Relativistic jets are the primary channel of energy loss from accreting supermassive black holes in many radio galaxies. They also have a major impact on their surroundings and act as accelerators of the most energetic photons (and perhaps hadrons) we observe. The present pa...
1,477,468,750,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pose estimation is a prerequisite for many applications, e.g., self-driving cars, autonomous robots and augmented/virtual reality. Various sensors can be utilized in pose estimation, such as GPS, IMU, LIDAR and camera. Among them, camera is especially favored by researchers due to its small size,...
1,477,468,750,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that supergravity theories in $D \geq 4$ space-time dimensions contain gauge potentials described by $p$-forms, of various $p > 1$, associated to $p$-index antisymmetric tensors. In this scenario, the Free Differential Algebras framework, that is an extension of the Maurer-Carta...
1,477,468,750,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section.intro} In Quantum Physics since we are dealing with operators on Hilbert space, it is important to construct the quantum theory in such a way that it's measurement process remains invariant under unitary transformations. Although in non-relativistic quantum mechanics, all represent...
1,477,468,750,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is a well extended myth in scientific programming to claim that compiled languages such as C++ or Java are always, in every circumstance, faster than interpreted languages such as Perl, JavaScript or Python. However, while it is quite clear that efficiency matters, as said in \cite{anderson...
1,477,468,750,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Phase retrieval} Suppose that ${\mathbf x}_0\in {\mathbb F}^d$ with ${\mathbb F}\in \{{\mathbb R},{\mathbb C}\}$ is the target signal. The information that we gather about ${\mathbf x}_0$ is \[ {\mathbf y}=\abs{A{\mathbf x}_0}+\eta, \] where $A=({\mathbf a}_1,\ldots,{\mathbf a}_m)^T\...
1,477,468,750,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In this paper, we present the results from the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.)\ Galactic plane survey (HGPS), the deepest and most comprehensive survey of the inner Milky Way Galaxy undertaken so far in very high-energy (VHE; $0.1 \la E \la 100$~TeV) $\gamma$...
1,477,468,750,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Relative movements of tectonic plates lead to a slow accumulation of stress over time and along the faults near the boundaries of the plates that sometimes are exhibited by abundant micro-earthquakes. The accumulated energy is then suddenly released during an earthquake once the str...
1,477,468,750,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In differential geometry, the investigation of compact surfaces characterized by curvature properties and variational equations, such as the study of constantly curved minimal 2-spheres in symmetric spaces, is an enduring and important topic. In space forms (real and complex), the structure of t...
1,477,468,750,350
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent remarkable progress in understanding the duality between planar ${\cal N}$=4 super Yang-Mills theory and superstring theory in $AdS_5 \times S^5$\ based on integrability opens up the possibility of computing various observables exactly in `t Hooft coupling $\lambda$ or in string...
1,477,468,750,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{sections/01_introduction} \section{Limitations of MLM Approaches for Vision and Language} \label{sec:current_approach} \input{sections/02_limitations_current_approach} \section{Alternative Masking Strategies} \input{sections/03_alternative_masking_strategies} \section{Experiments} \inpu...
1,477,468,750,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tensor network (TN) methods have long proven their power as an indispensable tool in simulating quantum- and classical many-body systems \cite{Schollwoeck2011DMRG_MPS_review,Orus2014TN_review}. As first realized by S.\ White with the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm \cite{Wh...
1,477,468,750,353
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Acoustic echo will arise if the sound is listened by the speaker itself \cite{echo}. This phenomenon is very commonplace no matter in communications, entertainments or man-machine interaction, and somewhere else. It may be useful in some scenarios, such as entertainments. But, in most cases, espe...
1,477,468,750,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As they evolve, wireless systems seek to provide ever faster bit rates and lower latencies, and a key enabler for these advances in the increase in bandwidth. From 1G to 5G, the spectrum devoted to wireless communication has surged from a handful of MHz to multiple GHz, roughly three orders of m...
1,477,468,750,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multiferroic systems have been intensively studied in the past ten years as the coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters may lead to novel electronic devices. This coupling can have different microscopic origins, related either to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions\cite{Kats...
1,477,468,750,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Arc-analytic functions play an important role in modern real algebraic and analytic geometry (see, e.g., \cite{KuPa1} and the references therein). They are, however, hardly known outside the specialist circles, which is perhaps partly due to their rather surprising, if not p...
1,477,468,750,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The importance of the study of complex optimization problems which involve quenched, random, frustrated functions of many variables, as well as the major role that statistical mechanics can play in that study, have been pointed out by Anderson more than ten years ago \cite{Anderson}. Since t...
1,477,468,750,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Constraint satisfaction problems} A \emph{constraint satisfaction problem} (CSP) is a computational problem in which the input consists of a finite set of variables and a finite set of \emph{constraints}, and where the question is whether there exists a mapping from the variables to ...
1,477,468,750,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The well-bounded operators of Smart and Ringrose \cite{dS,jR} are an important class of operators defined in terms of a functional calculus. These are the operators which possess an ${AC}(J)$ functional calculus where ${AC}(J)$ is the algebra of absolutely continuous functions define...
1,477,468,750,360
arxiv
\section{ Introduction } The history of traffic dynamics began early in 1950s. Two different models were proposed: the one is car-following model\cite{Gazis,Newell,Pipes}, which describe the motion of vehicles by many-variable differential equations, and the other is the fluid dynamical model\cite{Fluid}, which regard ...
1,477,468,750,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Touch dynamics systems use distinctive touchscreen gestures for authentication. These interactions include both common gestures like swipes and scrolls and more advanced ones like pinch-and-zoom. Touch dynamics have been proposed as a way to improve the security of login-tim...
1,477,468,750,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A communication network integrates multiple functionalities such as modulation, filtering, frequency discrimination, integration differentiation etc., to transmit data. To upscale the data rate, signal processing speed and simultaneously lowering power consumption, onchip multiprocessing cores al...
1,477,468,750,363
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most of the multi-loop analytical calculations in quantum field theories have been dine for so-called single-scale problems. This means that the evaluated integrals are basicaly expressed as numerical constants up to a trivial scale factor. Examples of such problems include almost all renormali...
1,477,468,750,364
arxiv
\section{Introdution} Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain of class $C^3$ and $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ be a positive, nondecreasing, locally Lipschitz, and superlinear function in the sense that \begin{align} \lim_{u\to \infty}\frac{f(u)}{u} = \infty. \notag \end{align} We consider the semilinear elliptic problem ...
1,477,468,750,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Variations in the layer stacking of quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) materials can sometimes have important effects on material properties. For example, the chromium trihalides CrX$_{3}$ (X=Cl, Br, I) have interlayer magnetic coupling that changes with layer stacking \cite{klein_enhancement...
1,477,468,750,366
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Study of full QCD thermodynamics with the Kogut-Susskind quark action has been pursued over a number of years. A basic question for this system is the order of chiral phase transition for light quarks. For the case of two flavors, this question was examined by finite-size scaling studies carri...
1,477,468,750,367
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The (discrete) normalized Fourier transform (DFT) is a complex mapping sending input $x\in \C^n$ to $Fx\in \C^n$, where $F$ is a unitary matrix defined by \begin{equation}\label{dft} F(k,\ell) = n^{-1/2}e^{-i2\pi k\ell/n}\ . \end{equation} The Walsh-Hadamard transform is a real orthogonal...
1,477,468,750,368
arxiv
\section*{} ~~ In the Euclidean quantum theory physical functions in the Lorentzian section of a complexified spacetime are assumed to be analytically continued from some functions in the Euclidean section [1, 2]. The non-trivial topological structure of the Euclidean section may cause some interesting effects in ...
1,477,468,750,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} While it is not unusual in physics to contemplate mechanical systems whose configuration space is described by a curved manifold, systems, in particular point particles, with a curved {\it momentum space} have only recently received attention. Interest for momentum space with...
1,477,468,750,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The demographics of AGN in clusters of galaxies have important implications for the growth of the supermassive black holes at the centers of cluster galaxies, the nature of AGN fueling, and the impact of AGN on the intracluster medium (ICM) over cosmic time. The luminous, m...
1,477,468,750,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graph is a natural format to represent relationships that are prevalent in a wide range of real-world applications, such as, material/drug discovery \cite{you2018graph}, web-structure~\cite{kumar2002web}, social network~\cite{garton1997studying}, protein-protein interaction~\cite{von2002comparat...
1,477,468,750,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \begin{table}[t] \caption{A typical two-way contingency-table/cross-tabulation ($n_{j,k}$ is a nonnegative integer with $j=1$,~$2$, \dots, $r$,\ \ \ $k=1$,~$2$, \dots, $s$;\ \ \ $n_{j,\centerdot} = \sum_{k=1}^s n_{j,k}$ is a row total with $j=1$,~$2$, \dots,~$r$; $n_{\centerdot,k}...
1,477,468,750,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is devoted to the study of a certain non-stationary Schr\"odinger equation with elliptic potential (see \eqref{Heun} below) which has appeared in dif\/ferent works on quantum integrable models and conformal f\/ield theory \cite{FLNO,Kolb,Ro}. This so-called {\em non-stationary Heun equ...
1,477,468,750,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many models in $D$ dimensions, with $D/2$ odd, contain chiral bosons i.e. $p$--form gauge fields (scalars in $D = 2$) with self--dual or anti--selfdual field strength. The description of the dynamics of such theories through Lorentz--invariant actions has been an unsolved problem for long time...
1,477,468,750,375
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} order to ensure and support demanding multimedia services and applications in the future $ 5^{th} $ generation wireless networks, introducing and/or combining already existing communication technologies with the novel ones is required. Since the optical fiber implementation is...
1,477,468,750,376
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Information} The following is a Python implementation of the DNN-SP2-PT method using an example Hamiltonian and an example perturbation. This Python script is a translation of the pseudocode in Alg. 1 to Alg. 3. \begin{lstlisting} import numpy as np def UPDATE_LAYER_0(X0,S0,TrS0,D0_converged,v...
1,477,468,750,377
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Today it is well known that strong correlated systems in condensed matter can be sucessfully described with the help of non-relativistic holography, for review see for example \cite{Hartnoll:2016apf}. This duality is based on the idea that the strongly coupled theory on the boundary can be des...
1,477,468,750,378
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The kiloHertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) have been measured in more than twenty neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS LMXBs) in their persistent emission with the {\em Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer} ({\em RXTE}), which offered unique insights into the physics of strong gravity and ...
1,477,468,750,379
arxiv
\section{Analysis} \label{analysis} For our experiments, we reused most of the original DCRNN code\footnote{Code available at \url{https://github.com/victorchan314/DCRNN}}, with some adaptations to test variations of the algorithm. The hyperparameters used in the original paper produced positive results for us. We tr...
1,477,468,750,380
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Potential field surveys, gravity and magnetic, have been used for many years for a wide range of studies including oil and gas exploration, mining applications, and mapping basement topography \cite{nabighian:2005,Blakely}. The inversion of acquired data is one of the important s...