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1,477,468,750,081 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
A variety of models have been introduced in an attempt to explain
quark confinement. The center vortices model
\cite{Hoof79,Corn79} introduced in the late 1970's
by 't Hooft is one of those attempts.
A center vortex is a topological line-like (in D=3 dimensions) or
surface-like (in D=4 dimensio... |
1,477,468,750,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Burgers' equation in which convection and diffusion play an important role
arises in applications such as meteorology, turbulent flows, modelling of
the shallow water. Burgers' equation is considered to be useful model for
many physically problems. Thus It is often studied for testing of both re... |
1,477,468,750,083 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a seminal 1960 Nature article~\citep{bondi1960}, Hermann Bondi presented a new approach to the study
gravitational waves in Einstein's theory of general relativity. It was based upon the outgoing null rays
along which the waves traveled. It was followed up in 1962 by a paper by Bondi, Metzner... |
1,477,468,750,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Due to the rapid development of hybridization expansion continuous-time
quantum Monte-Carlo (CT-HYB)\cite{rmp_ctqmc} method, an efficient
solver for quantum impurity models, substantial progress has been achieved
in the electronic structure studies of strongly correlated materials within the fr... |
1,477,468,750,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past few years, the statistical analysis of self-similar time series has become established as an important tool for investigating several natural phenomena. In general, a large part of these studies has been devoted to characterizing the complex statistical fluctuations shown by these ... |
1,477,468,750,086 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
This article is a continuation of \cite{ADDE1}, but the approach here is a bit more general and, as a consequence, all results except those in \cref{sec:ddes} have a wider applicability; also see \cref{sec:structure} for an overview of the structure and contents.
We are ... |
1,477,468,750,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Decisions made in international organisations are fundamental to international development efforts and initiatives. It is in these global governance arenas that the rules of the global economic system, which have a huge impact on development outcomes are agreed on; decisions are made about large-... |
1,477,468,750,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Two interesting mathematical models account for the functional architecture of the $V_1$ visual cortex,
both of them originally developed in the '80s and considerably expanded and refined in recent years:
a model of receptor profiles in terms of Gabor functions, \cite{Daug}, \cite... |
1,477,468,750,089 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electrodynamics, in Maxwell's well-known form and its many possible generalisations, can be understood to a surprising extent without referring to a metric. The starting point is then to consider quantities that can be counted, without requiring the measurements
of areas, volumes or durations, f... |
1,477,468,750,090 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported by the University of Alberta, Faculty of Science; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada (Grants Nos. RGPIN-04523-16, DAS-492947-16, and CREATE-495446-17); Quantum Alberta; and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. B.D.H. acknowledges support fro... |
1,477,468,750,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently there has been much discussion of how
the intervening mass from clustered matter between
the last scattering surface (at $z\approx 1100$)
and an observer at the present time distorts the
CMB anisotropy by means of gravitational lensing \cite{blanchard,cole,tomita,bernardeau,van-waerbek... |
1,477,468,750,092 | arxiv | \section{Speaker Biographies}
\noindent \textbf{Preetha Chatterjee}, \textit{Ph.D. (University of Delaware),} is an Assistant Professor at Drexel University. Her research interests are in improving software engineers’ tools and environments through empirical data analysis, natural language processing and machine learni... |
1,477,468,750,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
\noindent
Most galaxies harbour a supermassive black hole (SMBH) of mass
$10^6$--$10^{10}\Msun$ at their centres. The SMBH is typically
surrounded by a dense stellar system, which is sometimes a distinct
cluster and sometimes a smooth inward continuation from larger radii
... |
1,477,468,750,094 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and quantum computing have revolutionized the methodology of processing complex and large-scale data.
While merging these fields, classical or quantum systems can generate a massive amount of time series data, such as sensing data or quantum states that f... |
1,477,468,750,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many-body theories, generic phenomena are often associated to and characterized by the presence of symmetries~\cite{coleman_1985}. Examples include quantum critical points and topological insulators~\cite{fradkinbook}, whose universal properties are dictated by the presence of microscopic glo... |
1,477,468,750,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the Standard Model (SM), right handed fermions do not couple to W
and their couplings to Z are proportional to the electric charge. Compelling
tests of this feature exist for leptons, whereas for quarks available tests
are less conclusive due to the interference with non perturbative ... |
1,477,468,750,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:level1}
In recent numerical studies of the relativistic hydrodynamics
of close neutron star binaries in three spatial dimensions
(Wilson \& Mathews 1995;
Wilson, Mathews \& Marronetti 1996, henceforth WMM96),
it was noted that as the
stars approach coalescence they appear to experie... |
1,477,468,750,098 | arxiv | \section{#1}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}}
\newcommand{\subsect}[1]{\setcounter{equation}{0}\subsection{#1}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}.\arabic{equation}}}
\newcommand{\app}{\setcounter{section}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\these... |
1,477,468,750,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that the time development of reaction diffusion
systems in which two types of particles A and B (`particles' and
`antiparticles') annihilate irreversibly is dominated by
density fluctuations~\cite{TW,KR,BL,LC1,SSB}.
If an equal number of A and B particles is randomly placed on
t... |
1,477,468,750,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In science, when presented with a highly complex system to understand, a good first step is to identify and model order present in a subset of the data to develop hypotheses to investigate further. Finding hidden pockets of order is especially difficult in large datasets, and as a result findin... |
1,477,468,750,101 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Even after a cursory reading of the papers published in the seminal Vatican conference
on stellar populations it becomes clear the key role that RR Lyrae played in the development
of what we now call stellar populations and in the shaping of Galactic structure.
Their relevance is also suppor... |
1,477,468,750,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this
paper we deal with stability of a dynamical system from statistical point of view and its connection to the existence of a class of dynamical systems called \textit{non-statistical dynamics}. Roughly speaking non-statistical dynamics are those dynamical systems for which a large subs... |
1,477,468,750,103 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION
Low temperature adsorption of highly quantal fluids, such
as helium or {\it para}-hydrogen ({\it p}-H$_2$), on a variety of substrates,
has been the focus of much experimental and theoretical work. A major
motivation of these studies is the exploration of the fascinating properties
that such ads... |
1,477,468,750,104 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent detection of a gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signal from the merging of two neutron stars \cite{TheLIGOScientific:2017qsa} (events GW170817 and GRB 170817A, hereinafter ``the Event'') provides not only an exciting discovery, but also strongly challenges the observational viabi... |
1,477,468,750,105 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Exceptionally clear images of intramolecular structure can be attained in dynamic force microscopy through the combination of a passivated tip apex and operation in what has become known as the ``Pauli exclusion regime'' of the tip-sample interaction. We discuss, from an experimentalist's perspectiv... |
1,477,468,750,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computer experiments with both qualitative and quantitative variables are becoming increasingly common
(see, for example, Rawlingson et al., 2006; Qian, Wu and Wu, 2008; Han et al., 2009; Zhou, Qian and Zhou, 2011; Deng et al., 2017). Extensive studies have been devoted to design and modeling ... |
1,477,468,750,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The cytosol is crowded and replete with macromolecules such as ribosomes, lipids, proteins, and RNA. Estimates show that
the volume fraction ($\phi$) of these macromolecules, collectively referred to as crowding agents, can exceed 0.2.
Spontaneous folding of nascent proteins and RNA in the cro... |
1,477,468,750,108 | arxiv | \section{general formalism}
We begin with conventional form of the exchange interaction
between the localized moment ${\bf J}$ and electron spin density
${\bf s}({\bf r})$ :
\begin{equation}
V({\bf r})=
-A {\bf J}({\bf R}) {\bf s}({\bf r}) \delta({\bf R}-{\bf r})
\end{equation}
Here $A$ is the e... |
1,477,468,750,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Studies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB, Penzias and Wilson
(1965)), the afterglow radiation of the Big Bang, are currently in
a period of renaissance after the breakthrough discovery of
anisotropy by the \texttt{COBE} mission (Smoot et al (1992)).
Confirmed with much improved resolutio... |
1,477,468,750,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Quick presentation of the moments' methods for kinetic equations}
We study here an unusual but very simple choice of closure for the moments' method where we can completely characterize the stability and convergence rates of the approximation. As far as we know this very simple situa... |
1,477,468,750,111 | arxiv | \section{Proofs}\label{sec:proofs}
{\bf Notation:} For two real numbers $a$ and $b$, $a\propto^+ b$ implies that, $\exists$ $M>0$ such that $a=M\cdot b$.
\begin{prp}\label{prp:covvar}
Suppose $U$, $V$, $W$ are univariate components of a Gaussian random vector with mean $\mu$ and positive definite covariance $\Sigma... |
1,477,468,750,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Facial attributes are descriptions or labels that can be given to a face by describing its appearance \cite{kumar_ttributes}. In the biometrics community, attributes are also referred to as soft-biometrics \cite{softbio}. Various methods have been developed in the literature for predicting fa... |
1,477,468,750,113 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Given a finite Borel measure $\mu$, a standard way to quantify the density of $\mu$ at a given point $x$ in its support is through the \defn{local dimension}, which is the quantity
\begin{equation*}
\dim_{\loc}(\mu,x) = \lim_{r\to 0}\frac{\log B(x,r)}{\log r}
\end{equation*}
when the li... |
1,477,468,750,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a graph $G$ a \emph{hole} is a chordless cycle of length at least four. A
hole is \emph{even} or \emph{odd} depending on the parity of the size of its
vertex set. An \emph{$n$-hole} is a hole on $n$ vertices. A graph $G$
\emph{contains} a graph $F$, if $F$ is isomorphic to an induced subgra... |
1,477,468,750,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Accurate measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB)
anisotropies on scales smaller than the sound horizon at last
scattering are necessary to form a complete understanding of the
initial power spectrum of cosmic inhomogeneities. Secondary
anisotropies--- chiefly reioniz... |
1,477,468,750,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Oscillatory integrals}
We study the limiting behavior of the zeros of the polynomials
that are orthogonal with respect to an oscillatory weight function
of exponential type along a path $\Gamma$ in the complex plane,
\begin{equation}\label{E:orthogonality}
\int_{\Gamma} \pi_n(z)... |
1,477,468,750,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\textbf{Generative adversarial networks (GANs):}~\citep{goodfellow2014generative} are a class of generative models based on a competitive game between a \emph{generator} that tries to generate realistic new data, and a \emph{discriminator} that tries to distinguish generated from real data. In pr... |
1,477,468,750,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The $p{}+^{11}\text{B}$ reaction has been extensively used to study the excitation structure of the $^{12}$C nucleus. This includes measurement of proton widths $\Gamma_p$, the partial $\gamma$ widths $\Gamma_{\gamma_0}$ and $\Gamma_{\gamma_1}$ to the two lowest levels in $^{12}... |
1,477,468,750,119 | arxiv | \section{Appendix: Magma program for Lemma \ref{lemma:5x5} (\ref{5x5-clique})} \label{sec:appendix}
Assume that $\Gamma$ is locally $5 \times 5$ grid, and that all $\mu$-graphs of $\Gamma$ have order at least $8$. Let $x \in \V(\Gamma)$. We want to determine if some $6$-clique $C$ is contained in $\Gamma_2(x)$. If suc... |
1,477,468,750,120 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{intro.tex}
\section{Notations and definitions}
\input{notdefs.tex}
\section{Core Library}
\input{corelib.tex}\label{sec:corelib}
\section{Invariants Database}
\input{database.tex}\label{sec:database}
\section{Convex Hull}\label{sec:convexhull}
\input{convexhull.tex}
\se... |
1,477,468,750,121 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}
Semiconductor quantum rings allow for observation of the electron self-interference.
When electron traverses the ring threaded by magnetic field it is subject
to a constructive or a destructive interference what manifests itself as conductance oscillations. This effect
as predi... |
1,477,468,750,122 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
This article describes a method for using optimization to derive efficient independent transition functions for Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. Our interest is in sampling from a posterior density $\pi(x)$ for problems in which the dimension of the model space is large, $\pi(x)$ is multimod... |
1,477,468,750,123 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Neutron stars are formed by the material of the inner core of massive stars, which undergo a gravitational collapse. The enormous gravitational attraction compresses this matter to very high densities such that neutron stars contain more than a solar mass within a diameter of abo... |
1,477,468,750,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of three dimensional black holes by Ba$\mathrm{\tilde{n}}$%
ados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ black holes) \cite{Banados:1992wn} has
been known as one of the greatest achievements in the study of gravity. The
BTZ black hole provides us a framework to understand gravitational
intera... |
1,477,468,750,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The emergence of cloud computing has contributed the computing resources as a new utility, like electricity and gas, and shaped the way how IT resources can be used by customers. Since its emergence, cloud computing has developed rapidly into one of the backbones of modern economy. Cloud consumer... |
1,477,468,750,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.05in}
\input{sections/010introduction}
\vspace{-0.1in}
\section{Related Work}
\vspace{-0.05in}
\input{sections/020relwork}
\vspace{-0.1in}
\section{Theoretical Analysis}
\vspace{-0.05in}
\input{sections/030theory}
\vspace{-0.1in}
\section{Experimental Analysis}
\vspace{-0.05in}
\inp... |
1,477,468,750,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $k_T$ factorization
formalism \cite{CCH,CE,LRS,BS,LS,HS} has been
applied to next-to-leading-order (NLO) analysis of several
space-like form factors, such as the pion-photon transition form factor
\cite{Nandi:2007qx,Li:2009pr}, the pion electromagnetic (EM) form
factor \cite{Li:2010nn}... |
1,477,468,750,128 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Contextuality has many approaches, each built for a specific purpose or strategy to exploit its characteristics, and some were built much before the identification of them as contextuality. All of them start from a codification of physical systems in some mathematical structure, that cannot be r... |
1,477,468,750,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Although direct manifestations of new physics are searched for at the high energy frontier, new phenomena can also be looked for at low energies via precision measurements. The new effects might be observed in rare decays of the positronium (see e.g. \cite{wsproceedings}).
Pos... |
1,477,468,750,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Soft robotics utilize softness and smart design to realize robots that are inherently safe for human-robot interaction and compliant to unforeseen disturbances. Soft fluidic robotics are among the most popular type due to their flexibility, wide range of applications, and (relative) simplicity f... |
1,477,468,750,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Disentangling aims to factorize an entity, like a feature vector, into several interpretable components, so that
the behavior of a learning model can be better understood.
In recent years, many approaches have been proposed towards
tackling disentangling in deep neural networks
and have achie... |
1,477,468,750,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-equilibrium systems are ubiquitous in nature. With no comprehensive
framework for such systems in general, the understanding of non-equilibrium
statistical mechanics is recognized as one of the major challenges \cit
{CMMP10}. To make progress toward finding such a framework, it is reason... |
1,477,468,750,133 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Linear dielectric response is the underlying property that renders materials interesting for optoelectronic applications including solar cells, transistors, and displays, since excitations of electrons control fundamental mechanisms of optical absorption and emission\cite{RevMo... |
1,477,468,750,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The discrepancy between the volume and the number of integer points in
$r\Omega-x$, a dilated by a factor $r$ and translated by a vector $x$ of
bounded domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, is
\[
\mathcal{D}\left(\Omega,r,x\right) =%
{\displaystyle\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}^{d}}}
\chi_{... |
1,477,468,750,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:formalism}}
Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) Parton Distributions (PDFs) and Fragmentation functions (FFs) are fundamental ingredients for the study of the inner structure of matter, as they encode how fundamental constituents bind into hadrons and shed light on the hadronizatio... |
1,477,468,750,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $R := \mathbb{Z}_p C_p$ denote the group ring of the cyclic group of
order $p$ over the localisation of $\mathbb{Z} $ at the prime $p$.
The present paper considers free $R$-lattices
$L\cong R^a$.
The main observation in this situation is
Theorem \ref{eltdiv}:
Given two free $R$-modules ... |
1,477,468,750,137 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgments}
We thank Nigel Cooper, Davide Dreon, Marius Gächter, Martin Holthaus, Gregor Jotzu, Daniel Malz, Stephan Roschinski, and Oded Zilberberg for inspiring discussions and comments on the manuscript.
We would like to thank Alexander Frank for his contributions to the electronic setup of the experim... |
1,477,468,750,138 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Fix an odd prime $p$. Let $A_{p^n}$ be the alternating group on $p^n$ letters. Denote by $\Sigma_{p^n,p}$ a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $A_{p^n}$ and $E^n$ an elementary abelian $p$-group of rank $n$. Then we have the restriction homomorphisms
\begin{align*}&\mbox{Res}(E^n,\Sigma_{p^n,p}): H^*(B\S... |
1,477,468,750,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace{1cm}
Since the advent of the modern scientific method,
knowledge of the
physical world has advanced through the interplay of experimental
observation and theoretical analysis. Correspondingly, the terms
experimental physics and theoretical physics have been used to
characterize these tw... |
1,477,468,750,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The initial mass function (IMF) of stars deeply influences subsequent galaxy evolution and star formation history.
Stellar feedback from massive stars alter the physical state and structure of the interstellar medium \citep[e.g.][]{McKee1977}.
Supernovae (SNe) provide the in... |
1,477,468,750,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $L_1,\ldots,L_4\in\mathbb{Z}[x_1,x_2]$ be binary linear forms,
and let $\mathcal{R}\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be any bounded region.
This paper is motivated by the question of determining conditions on
$L_1,\ldots,L_4$ and $\mathcal{R}$ under which it is possible to establish
an asymptotic fo... |
1,477,468,750,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of collective excitations is one of the main areas of interest
for the experimental and theoretical research activity in trapped Bose-condensed
gases (for a review of experimental and theoretical investigations see
respectively \cite{SS} and \cite{DGPS99}). At low temperatures, the fr... |
1,477,468,750,143 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction}
Understanding the nonlinear response of dense colloidal systems to shear or other mechanical driving forces on a microscopic (i.e., particle-resolved) level has become a focus of growing interest.
Recent examples include density excitations (determining frictional properti... |
1,477,468,750,144 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Discovery of transients is an important scientific aim for time domain astronomy. Because transients could appear in any positions of the sky with different variation rates and different magnitudes, sky coverage, observation cadence and depth are all important for discovery of... |
1,477,468,750,145 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}\label{intro}
Globular clusters (GCs) are homogeneous stellar systems containing stars
with a single age and metallicity, which are in principle simpler to
interpret than photometric and spectroscopic observations of the
integrated stellar light of a galaxy. GCs are therefore considered to be
pow... |
1,477,468,750,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-.5em}
Depth sensing is crucial for 3D reconstruction~\cite{Newcombe11KinectFusion,Niessner2013Hashing,Whelan15rss} and scene understanding~\cite{guptaECCV14,qi2017frustum,song15SUNRGBD}.
Active depth sensors (\eg, time of flight cameras~\cite{horaud16TOF, Remondino13T... |
1,477,468,750,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Detection of gravitational waves (GWs) has the potential to be the foundation for the future understanding of physics, such as general relativity, nuclear physics, cosmology, and astrophysics.~\cite{PhysRevLett.116.061102} In particular, calibrated gravitational waveforms with low statistical and... |
1,477,468,750,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The use of networks to model contact patterns or interactions between individuals has proved to be a step change in how epidemics and other spreading processes are modelled \cite{Kiss2017,Latora2017,doi:10.1137/S003614450342480,Widgren2016,Wang2016,Danon2011}. The basic ingredient of such models... |
1,477,468,750,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Games (and especially games played on graphs) have been intensively
used in computer science as a powerful way of modelling interactions
between several computerised
systems~\cite{Thomas-cav02,Henzinger-tark05}. Until recently, more
focus had been put on the study of purely antagonistic games
(a... |
1,477,468,750,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:int}
Over the past few decades, astronomers have detected the presence of magnetic fields in galaxies at all spatial scales. These major studies have been performed using optical and radio observations \citep[][for reviews]{kron1994,ZH1997,BG2004,beck2015}. Radio observations measure ... |
1,477,468,750,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider high-dimensional estimation problems, where the number of variables $p$ can be much larger that the number of observations $n$.
In this regime, consistent estimation can be achieved by imposing low-dimensional structural constraints on the estimation parameters.
{\it Sparsity} is a... |
1,477,468,750,152 | arxiv | \section{Chip-to-chip Synchronous Communication in RQL}
RQL technology is the first superconducting digital technology to
efficiently use AC power distribution using a resonant network. The
on-chip resonant clock and power network, implemented using
metamaterials \cite{strong2021ZOR}, is a proven enabler for scaling t... |
1,477,468,750,153 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In the last 20 years the \emph{window} on our universe has opened to an unprecedented level,
allowing us to bridge a large fraction of the gap that existed between observational fields,
like astrophysics and cosmology, and more experimental ones, like, for instance, high energy particle
ph... |
1,477,468,750,154 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}\label{SEC:prelims}
\subsection{Outline}\label{SEC:outline}
The goal of this work is to study one-dimensional tiling spaces arising from non-primitive substitution rules, in terms of the topology, dynamics, and cohomology.
This study naturally divides into two cases: the case where the tiling s... |
1,477,468,750,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although the basis of it was laid in 1982 \cite{We82}, the dynamical
triangulation model of quantum gravity has in the last few years
received a lot of interest. See e.g.\ \cite{AgMi92a,AmJu92}. In this
model, the path integral over euclidean metrics is defined by a sum
over simplicial complex... |
1,477,468,750,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of a triangulated category, introduced independently by Verdier \cite{MR1453167} and Puppe \cite{MR0150183}, appears naturally in various branches of mathematics. It is omnipresent in areas like algebraic geometry, stable homotopy theory, and representation theory; triangulated catego... |
1,477,468,750,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rotation curves derived from neutral hydrogen observations
at the outer regions of spiral
galaxies unambiguously show that substantial amounts of
dark matter are required (Bosma 1978; Begeman 1987, 1989).
Any physically reasonable distribution of this dark matter
necessitates the presence of at ... |
1,477,468,750,158 | arxiv | \section{\protect\bigskip Introduction}
\quad There is a lot of interest in recent years on the study of non-commutative
canonical-type, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and string theory
\left[ 1,2,3\right] $. On the other hand, the solutions of classical dynamical
problems of physical systems obtained in... |
1,477,468,750,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and motivation}
\label{sec:intro}
According to today's knowledge, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are powered
by accretion onto a supermassive black hole ($10^6-10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$,
e.g.\/ \citealp{Shankar_04}) residing in their centres. Thereby,
gravitational energy is converted into heat by visc... |
1,477,468,750,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $k>0$ be the wave number, and let $\mathbb{R}^2_{+}:=\mathbb{R}\times (0, \infty)$ be the upper half plane, and let $W:=\mathbb{R}\times (0, h)$ be the waveguide in $\mathbb{R}^2_{+}$. We denote by $\Gamma_a:=\mathbb{R}\times\{ a\}$ for $a>0$. Let $n \in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^2_{+})$ be real... |
1,477,468,750,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of spin models on complex networks
has been carried out \cite{DGM1,IT,KAI}.
We study a spin model on
random graphs with arbitary degree distributions
as an example of the study of a spin model on complex networks.
The behavior of spins on a no growing network is investigated.
W... |
1,477,468,750,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The short-time motion of small particles fluctuating in a Newtonian fluid is strongly affected by fluid inertia, that is, the vorticity of the host fluid surrounding the dispersed particles.
If a dispersed particle accelerates due to Brownian forces, it affects the motion of the host fluid in th... |
1,477,468,750,163 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
In a previous paper \cite{ITD2} we studied a scalar field theory model in which each field
was associated with a distinct metric. For simplicity we assumed that spacetime
was represented by a flat background and parametrised by coordinates $x^\mu$
such that the theory is invariant under the... |
1,477,468,750,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) are thought to be among the least evolved relics of the solar system formation, residing in the outer parts of the solar system, where the influence of the Sun is less severe than in the inner parts of the solar system. Thus, these icy objects... |
1,477,468,750,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Thermoelectric effects in nanostructures \cite{Pekola-reviews,Casati-review,Sothmann-Sanchez-Jordan-review,Haupt-review} and molecules \cite{Paulsson-Datta2003,Reddy2007}
are of great current interest. They might enable
efficient electricity generation and refrigeration \cite{books,DiSalvo-review... |
1,477,468,750,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
One of the simplest sets that is widely studied by and most important to many mathematicians, in particular analysts and topologists, is Cantor's ternary set (also referred to as the middle third Cantor set), introduced by H.~Smith \cite{HS:1975} and by G.~Cantor \cite{GC:1883}. Cantor's terna... |
1,477,468,750,167 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
An {\it overlap} is a word of the form $axaxa$, where $a$ is a single
letter and $x$ is a (possibly empty) word. In 1980, Earl Fife
\cite{Fife:1980} proved a theorem characterizing the infinite binary
overlap-free words as encodings of paths in a finite automaton.
Berstel \cite{Berstel:1994} l... |
1,477,468,750,168 | arxiv | \section{The $U_L(3) \otimes U_R(3)$ symmetry.}
The pattern of the lowest-lying states
in the spectrum of strong interactions uncovers an approximate continuous
symmetry of nature, the so-called {\it chiral symmetry}, which is
spontaneously broken. The octet of pseudoscalar particles
- $\pi$, $K$, and $\eta$ -, with
... |
1,477,468,750,169 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a standard topic in Banach space theory to investigate whether the convergence of functionals on a given Banach space in one topology implies the convergence in another finer one. In this paper we study the following instance of this problem. Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a $\sigma$-complete Boolea... |
1,477,468,750,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{se:introduction}
In the past few years a number of papers have discussed
the inclusion of weak boson finite-width effects in the theoretical predictions for
$e^+e^-$ processes. A careful treatment is required since these effects
are intimately related to the gauge invariance of the theory... |
1,477,468,750,171 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The problem of radiation reaction has long been
one of the fundamental theoretical issues in general relativity.
Starting from the historical works of Eddington
in his 1922 book\cite{Eddington},
Chandrasekhar and Esposito\cite{ChandraEspo} discussed
the radiation reaction ... |
1,477,468,750,172 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The challenges associated with big data are commonly referred to as
the 3 V's of Big Data - Volume, Velocity and
Variety~\cite{laney20013d}. The 3 V's provide a guide to the largest outstanding challenges associated with
working with big data systems. Big data \textbf{volume} stresses the storag... |
1,477,468,750,173 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The current development of techniques for big data applications has been extremely useful in many fields including data analysis, bioinformatics and scientific computing. These techniques need to handle large amounts of data and often rely on dimensionality reduction; this is often cast as appro... |
1,477,468,750,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction}
Understanding ecosystem states and trajectories requires a survey design that provides precise information from an efficient use of resources for monitoring.
This is true for many environmental domains including marine seascapes \parencite{swartzman1997analysis,be... |
1,477,468,750,175 | arxiv | \section{Keywords:} coronavirus, covid'19, forecasting, search trends, neural networks, machine learning, spatio-temporal analysis}
\end{abstract}
\section{Introduction}
Since the outbreak of coronavirus in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 is spreading exponentially and has already effected nearly every county... |
1,477,468,750,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For nearly three decades, the analysis on metric measure spaces has been under active study, e.g., \cite{BB11,BBS,BBS03,H03,HP,H,HK,HKST}. Given a metric measure space $(Z, d_Z, \nu_Z)$, many function spaces defined on this space have been well established, e.g., Sobolev spaces, Besov spaces and... |
1,477,468,750,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, all graphs are finite and simple, which means no parallel edges and no loops
at their vertices. A proper $k$-coloring of a simple graph $G$ is an assignment (or a special case of labeling) of $k$ colors to the vertices of $G$ so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color.... |
1,477,468,750,178 | arxiv | \section{Cookie Monster wants to play games}
Cookie Monster likes cookies. His mommy used his love for cookies to teach him to think and to play some mathematical games. She set up the following system with cookies. Cookie Monster's Mommy has a set of $k$ jars filled with cookies. In one move she allows Cookie Monster... |
1,477,468,750,179 | arxiv | \section{Representation of the DP-SGD algorithm and its implementation in Opacus}\label{sec:scheme}
\section{Micro-Batching}
\label{sec:microbatching}
The following code snippet is a na\"ive way to yield the per-sample gradients through micro-batching.
{\small
\begin{verbatim}
for batch in Dataloader(train_dataset, b... |
1,477,468,750,180 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\vspace*{-1ex}
A fundamental characteristic of a good \gls{HCI} system is its ability to effectively acquire \emph{and} disseminate knowledge about the tasks and environments in which it is involved.
A particular subclass of such systems, natural-language-driven conversa... |
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