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1,477,468,750,481
arxiv
\section{Problem definition} \label{Introd} Ground-state calculations of inhomogeneous many-electron systems involve generally a solving of the Poisson equation for averaged Coulomb potential $u(\mathbf{r})$ at given spatial electron density $n(\mathbf{r})$ and the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for single-particle orbitals ...
1,477,468,750,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $Z$ be a finite set. Denote by $\mathcal{P}(Z)$ the set of probability measures (pm's) with support contained in~$Z$. Let $\mathcal{E}\subseteq\mathcal{P}(Z)$ be an exponential family supported on~$Z$. For $P, Q\in\mathcal{P}(Z)$ denote by $D(P\|Q)$ the \emph{information divergence} (also k...
1,477,468,750,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In colloids with short range attractions, the system ``gels'' at high enough attraction strength. This colloidal gel is a solid, with a low colloid density, stabilized by the bonds between particles. Usually, gelation occurs above crystallization and liquid-gas transition, i.e. increasing the at...
1,477,468,750,484
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of deep learning models used in various domains of the industry, including image processing \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet,he2016identity}, video understanding \cite{karpathy2014large,simonyan2014two}, language understanding \cite{bahdanau2014neural,dev...
1,477,468,750,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the wide success of pre-trained large language models, a range of techniques has arisen to adapt these general-purpose models to downstream tasks. ELMo \cite{peters-etal-2018-deep} proposed freezing the pre-trained model and learning a task-specific weighting of its per-layer representation...
1,477,468,750,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Throughout this paper we will work over the complex number field. In this paper we deal with varieties of Calabi--Yau type. \begin{defn} Let $X$ be a normal projective variety. Then $X$ is {\em of Calabi--Yau type} if there is an $\mathbb{R}$-divisor $C\geq0$ such that $(...
1,477,468,750,487
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} This supplemental material provides, firstly, a detailed account of the bend distortions of a unit vector field, their geometric degeneracies and the topological information they carry. The results obtained apply to any material or physical system described (even in part) by such a unit vector,...
1,477,468,750,488
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Submodularity is a property of set functions equivalent to the notion of diminishing returns. More formally, we say that a set function $f:2^E \to \mathbb{R}$ is \emph{submodular} if for any two sets $A\subseteq B \subseteq E$ and an element $e \notin B$, the corresponding marginal gains satisfy ...
1,477,468,750,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Galaxy peculiar velocities contribute to a galaxy's observed redshift via the Doppler effect. This leads to characteristic anisotropies in the observed galaxy clustering pattern, known as redshift-space distortions (RSDs) \citep[][]{1972MNRAS.156P...1J,1977ApJ...212L...3...
1,477,468,750,490
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Security is one of the most important considerations in transmission of information from one user to another. It involves confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation \cite{liang}. We will be concerned about confidentiality. This guarantees that the legitimate users successfully...
1,477,468,750,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Visibility between geometric objects is a cornerstone notion in discrete and computational geometry, that appeared as soon as the late 1960s in pioneering experiments in robotics~\cite{LP79}. Visibility is involved in major themes that helped shape the field, such as art gallery and motion pla...
1,477,468,750,492
arxiv
\subsection{} \label{operad} The notion of an operad was created for the study of iterated loop spaces~\cite{may1}. Since then, operads have been used as universal objects representing a wide range of algebraic concepts. We give a brief definition and provide classic examples to highlight the issues to be discussed. ...
1,477,468,750,493
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} M.S. and G.T. acknowledge Louis Lambotte for his technical support. The authors are grateful to the STEREO and GRANIT collaborations for their material and technical support. This work is supported by the Department of Physics of the University of Namur and the Belgian Federal Science Poli...
1,477,468,750,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Prym map $\mathcal P_{g,r}$ assigns to a degree $2$ morphism $\pi: D \longrightarrow C$ of smooth complex irreducible curves ramified in an even number of points $r\ge 0$, a polarized abelian variety $P(\pi)=P(D,C)$ of dimension $g - 1 + \frac r2 $, where $g$ is the genus of $C$. We assume ...
1,477,468,750,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fundamental notion of geometric phase \cite{berry1984quantal,berry1988geometric,shapere1989geometric} has been highly influential in physics and related sciences. It lies at the heart of many quantum phenomena pertaining to basic science and at the same time delineates important technologica...
1,477,468,750,496
arxiv
\section{Aircraft model and baseline controller} The dynamics that we will consider in this report is a linearized version of the pitch dynamics of the ADMIRE aircraft \citep{Forssell2005} on the form \begin{equation} \dot{x} = Ax + Bu, \quad y = Cx \label{eq:sys} \end{equation} where $x = \begin{bmatrix} \alpha & q...
1,477,468,750,497
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The even-order dispersion cancellation effect based on nonclassical frequency-anticorrelated entangled photons has been known in quantum optics for some time \cite{franson92, steinberg92a}. The nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) traditionally provides a re...
1,477,468,750,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Elliptic problems with critical Trudinger-Moser nonlinearities have been widely investigated in the literature. We refer the reader to the survey paper of de Figueiredo et al.\! \cite{MR2772124} for an overview of recent results on Trudinger-Moser type inequalities and related critical problem...
1,477,468,750,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Major advances in metrology and precision spectroscopy were led by the introduction \cite{Udem:99, *Reichert199959} and development \cite{PhysRevLett.82.3568, *PhysRevLett.84.3232, *Jones28042000, *PhysRevLett.84.5102, *PhysRevLett.84.5496, *PhysRevLett.85.2264} of optical frequency combs \cite{...
1,477,468,750,500
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Predicting the lifetime of safety-critical components in gas turbine engines is crucial to continued improvements in flight safety. Despite a global increase of 90\% in passenger journeys and 40\% in freight transport by air in the decade to 2018 \cite{WB}, the accident rate across...
1,477,468,750,501
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Since the late 90's of the last century, a lot of efforts have been made to describe the observable universe as a brane embedded in a higher dimensional space \cite{sundrum/1999}-\cite{flanagan/2000}. Some results obtained from such a set up for the universe are remarkable. Branewo...
1,477,468,750,502
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{dvances} in wireless communications and low-power sensing are enabling a new generation of ``smart cities,'' which promise to improve the performance of municipal services and reduce operating costs through real-time analytics and control \cite{caragliu_2011}. While some applica...
1,477,468,750,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the system of two coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations \begin{eqnarray} &&\imath {\mathcal U}_t+{\mathcal U}_{xx}+(\kappa {\mathcal U}{\mathcal U}^{\ast} +\chi {\mathcal V}{\mathcal V}^{\ast}){\mathcal U}=0, \nonumber \\ && \label{manakov} \\ &&\imath {\mathcal V}_t+{\...
1,477,468,750,504
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Model Description} \label{subs-intro-model} We consider a static game played by $n$ agents $i = 1, \ldots, n$, in which the $i^{\text{th}}$ agent is assigned a type $w_i$ from a type space ${\mathcal W}$, and is allowed to choose an action $x_i$ from a subset ${\mathcal C} (w_i)...
1,477,468,750,505
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Discussion} \label{sec:discussion} Through the use of garlic routing and ring signatures, complete communication and transaction anonymity is achieved. A garlic routing network such as I2P can ensure that no usage, bid, ask or identifiable data is leaked from the system. By using ring signa...
1,477,468,750,506
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let ${\mathbb F_{q^2}}$ be the finite field with $q^2$ elements, where $q$ is a power of a prime $p$, and let ${\mathcal X}$ be an ${\mathbb F_{q^2}}$-rational curve, that is a projective, absolutely irreducible, non-singular algebraic curve defined over ${\mathbb F_{q^2}}$. ${\mathcal X}$ is ca...
1,477,468,750,507
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION \label{intro}} Indirect detection methods for finding extrasolar planets have yielded in excess of 150 candidate planets over the past decade \citep{Marcy05}. None have been directly imaged, however two have had their light detected through transit studies with the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} ...
1,477,468,750,508
arxiv
\section{Introduction } The study of extensions is a theory that has developed from multiplicative groups \cite{Schreirer1926,Holder1893}, with applications ranging from representations of central simple algebras \cite{Brauer1928,Hasse1932} to topology \cite{Eilenberg1942}. In this article we will focus on ext...
1,477,468,750,509
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} In this paper we consider reconstruction of signals of the following a priori known form: \begin{equation}\label{equation_decoupling_model} F(x)=\sum_{j=1}^k \sum_{q=1}^{q_j} a_{jq} f_j(x-x_{jq}), \end{equation} with $a_{jq}\in \mathbb{R}, \ x_{jq}=(x^1_{jq},\ldots,x^n_...
1,477,468,750,510
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Reidemeister trace is a fundamental invariant in topological fixed point theory, generalizing both the Lefschetz and Nielsen numbers. It was originally defined by Reidemeister in \cite{reid36}. A more modern treatment, under the name ``generalized Lefschetz number,'' was given by Husseini in ...
1,477,468,750,511
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\{X_i\}$ be a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real valued random variables. We denote by $S_n$ the partial sums of $X_i$, i.e. $S_0=0$, $S_n = X_1+\cdots+ X_n$. In this paper we are interested in the situation when $X_1$ has negative drift, but simultaneously ${\...
1,477,468,750,512
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \section*{\fontsize{16}{16}\selectfont Appendix} \renewcommand{\thetable}{\Alph{table}} \renewcommand{\thesection}{\Alph{section}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{S\arabic{equation}} \renewcommand{\thefigure}{\Alph{figure}} \setcounter{figure}{0} \setcounter{table}{0} Here is the appendix. \sect...
1,477,468,750,513
arxiv
\section{An analytic estimation of pad response \section*{Appendix: An analytic estimation of pad response and spatial resolution} One way to estimate the spatial resolution of a TPC is to write a realistic Monte-Carlo simulation code. This technique is applicable to any situation, and has been d...
1,477,468,750,514
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the analysis of numerical programs, a recurrent difficulty when we want to assess the influence of finite precision on an implementation, is the possibility for a test to be unstable: when, for a given input, the finite precision control flow can differ from the control flow that would be ta...
1,477,468,750,515
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Geometric mean of positive operators is introduced by Pusz and Woronowicz in terms of associated positive sesquilinear forms, which is later generalized in various directions (see \cite{B,KA,LL} for example). When this is applied to normalized positive functionals on a *-algebra (so-called...
1,477,468,750,516
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the quest for exact solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell (EM) equations considerable research has been devoted to the study of aligned EM fields, in which at least one of the principal null directions (PNDs) of the electromagnetic field $\mathbf {F}$ is parallel to a PND of the Weyl tensor, a so ...
1,477,468,750,517
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The growing penetration of high-end consumer devices like smartphones and tablets running bandwidth hungry applications (e.g. mobile multimedia streaming) has led to a commensurate surge in demand for mobile data (pegged to soar up to 77 exabytes by 2022 \cite{cisco2018ci...
1,477,468,750,518
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{TESTS OF QCD FACTORIZATION} Weak decays of hadrons provide a straight access to the parameters of the CKM matrix and thus to the study of the CP violation. Gluon scattering in the final state, related with the confinement of quarks and gluons into hadrons, can modify the decay dynamics an...
1,477,468,750,519
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite the substantial effort toward quantizing gravity in 4 dimensions, this issue is still open. One of the best candidates till now is the superstring theory formulated in 10 dimensions. A way from superstring theory to 4-dimensional quantum gravity or standard model of particle physics (min...
1,477,468,750,520
arxiv
\section{Phase diagram in equilibrium at zero temperature} \label{sec:sup1} We here give a detailed analysis regarding the properties of our model at $T=0$ in equilibrium. We treat both the cases of non-conserved and conserved order parameters. The contents of this section, especially for the case of non-conserved orde...
1,477,468,750,521
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In hierarchical models of galaxy formation, massive galaxies form via mergers of smaller galaxies. Thus, the most massive galaxies, which tend to be ellipticals, should have formed most recently \citep[$z<1$; e.g.][]{White91,Cole00}. In seeming contrast with this pictu...
1,477,468,750,522
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a consequence of the strong nuclear interaction, the nuclear mass $M$ is not just the sum of the individual nucleons. The difference between these two quantities is an indicator of the stability of a given nucleus, the larger the difference the more stable is the nucleus. An accurate descrip...
1,477,468,750,523
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The analysis of large sets of binary data is a central issue in many fields such as biostatistics (\cite{Schildcrout05Longitudinal_Binary},~\cite{Wilbur02multivariate_Binary_regression}), image processing (\cite{Yue12Binary_neuroimaging}), machine learning (\cite{Banerjee08sparse_ML_binary},~\cit...
1,477,468,750,524
arxiv
\section*{Annotated Bibliography} \noindent \textsc{J.~Barwise,} ed. {\it Handbook of Mathematical Logic,} North-Holland, 1977. Part B, on set theory, has many consistency and independence results, including applications to topology. The article by J.~P.~Burgess in Part B gives a fine introduction to forcing. The ...
1,477,468,750,525
arxiv
\section{Introduction: ethical care to creativity and intent} The traditional role of automation in society served to make human lives easier by outsourcing mundane tasks. Recommender systems, for example, utilize language models to engage users in predictive text systems. However, much criticism has fallen on this me...
1,477,468,750,526
arxiv
\section{Splitting Functions in Spontaneously Broken $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$} \label{sec:broken} While the parton shower formalism of the electroweak theory in the symmetric phase has much in common with that of $SU(3)_{\rm QCD}\times U(1)_{\rm EM}$, care needs to be taken when dealing with the broken phase and system...
1,477,468,750,527
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects ViCom (F4109-N28) and POLOX (Grant No. I 2460-N36), by the ERC Advanced Research Grant `OxideSurfaces' and by the FWF Wittgenstein-prize (Z250-N16). The computational results were achieved by using the Vienna Scientific Clus...
1,477,468,750,528
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this paper we will work with the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations in vorticity form. The evolution of the vorticity $\omega$ is given by \begin{equation}\label{euler} \begin{cases} \partial_t \omega+ u \cdot \nabla \omega = 0 \ &\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{R}...
1,477,468,750,529
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Suppose that our observations come from a Poisson process $X=\left\{X_t: t\geq 0\right\}$ whose arrival rate changes from $\lambda_0$ to $\lambda_1$ at some random time $\Theta$. The \emph{disorder time} $\Theta$ is unobservable but its prior distribution is known. We assume that the prior dist...
1,477,468,750,530
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider integrable modules $L^{\mu }$ with the highest weight $\mu $ for af\/f\/ine Lie algebra $\frak{g}$ and are especially interested in the properties of the string functions related to $L^{\mu }$. String functions and branching coef\/f\/icients of the af\/f\/ine Lie algebras arise in th...
1,477,468,750,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dark surface spots are among the most prominent manifestations of solar and stellar activity. While they typically cover less than one percent of the solar surface, their coverage fractions on highly active stars can reach tens of percent \citep[e.g.,][]{ONeal1996}. Therefore, the surfaces of a...
1,477,468,750,532
arxiv
\section*{REFERENCES}} \def\emph{e.g. }{\emph{e.g.~}} \def\Eg{\emph{E.g.~}} \def\emph{i.e. }{\emph{i.e.~}} \def\Ie{\emph{I.e.~}} \def\emph{cf.~}} \def\Cf{\emph{Cf.~}{\emph{cf.~}} \def\Cf{\emph{Cf.~}} \def\emph{etc.~}} \def\vs{\emph{vs.~}{\emph{etc.~}} \def\vs{\emph{vs.~}} \defw.r.t.~} \def\dof{d.o.f.~{w.r.t.~} \def\d...
1,477,468,750,533
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the remarkable outcomes of the $AdS/CFT$ correspondence (see \cite{Beisert:2010jr} for a review) is the relation between the $S$-matrix of a spin chain on the gauge theory to the $R$-matrix of the one-dimensional Hubbard model \cite{Essler:2005bk,Beisert2007,Rej2006,Martins2007,Mitev2017...
1,477,468,750,534
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Owing to the cost of machinery, expertise, and time, the molecular testing approaches, namely, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test and the rapid antigen test (RAT) cannot be easily scaled up and deployed in a short time \cite{mercer2021testing}. Thi...
1,477,468,750,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.6em}\label{sec:intro} In recent years, deep learning-based methods for object detection have achieved great success. Although the performance of current object detectors under normal conditions can be impressive, recent work \cite{Exdark,REG} shows that machine perception under low-lig...
1,477,468,750,536
arxiv
\section*{CRediT Author Statement} \begin{itemize} \item \textbf{Cezar Sas}: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Visualisation \item \textbf{Andrea Capiluppi}: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Writing - Review ...
1,477,468,750,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In recent decades, significant advances have been made in the study of the magnetic and superconducting properties of high-temperature superconductors (HTSC). Competition and the mutual influence of magnetism and superconductivity are being intensively studied. For a number of comp...
1,477,468,750,538
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The population average causal effect is by in large the most common form of total effect evaluated in observational data due to the natural connection to scientific queries arising from randomized studies. However, alternate forms of total effect may be of greater interest in observational stud...
1,477,468,750,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we investigate the subspace Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) of random projections and try to capture the root of subspace RIP. In more intuitive language, given two linear subspaces in an ambient space, we ask that for which type of random projections, the ``distance'' of the...
1,477,468,750,540
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{intro} \section{Setup, Notation, and Statement of Results} \input{notation} \subsection{Geometry of M}\label{SectionGeomOfM} \input{geomofm} \subsection{The Operator $\square_b$} \input{theopboxb} \subsection{Statement of Results}\label{SectionResults} \input{statem...
1,477,468,750,541
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The clustering of galaxies is an increasingly important cosmological probe of the low-redshift Universe. Building on the success of recent surveys like SDSS BOSS/eBOSS \cite{Alam:2016hwk,Alam:2020sor}, multiple experiments will increase the volume and the number of observed galaxies in the near...
1,477,468,750,542
arxiv
\section{COMSOL implementation} \label{S:6 (COMSOL impl)} \subsection{Overview} \label{S:3-1 overview} COMSOL Multiphysics is a general-purpose simulation software for multi-field problems, that is based on the finite element method. In this software, multiple physics can be combined by employing the available built-...
1,477,468,750,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The atomic emission lines of elements evaporated from the meteoroid provide insights into the meteoritic elemental composition and physical conditions during meteor flights in the atmosphere \citep{Borovicka1994c}. The lines and bands of oxygen and nitrogen are a regular part of the meteor spectr...
1,477,468,750,544
arxiv
\subsection{Extensions of the basic NORST-miss approach} \label{sec:ext} In this section we describe three simple heuristics that help improve the performance of the basic NORST-miss idea described earlier. The first heuristic allows us to tolerate much higher fraction of outliers once a good enough estimate of th...
1,477,468,750,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{ECCV_Figures/teaser.pdf} \vspace{-1.5cm} \caption{Results of our true end-to-end DfF framework with comparisons to state-of-the-art methods.} \label{fig:teaser} \vspace{-0.3cm} \end{figure} As commercial demand for h...
1,477,468,750,546
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Bilayer membranes are formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules in water of brine~\cite{isra}. The aliphatic chains of the constituent molecules condense into an oily sheet that is shielded from contact with water by the polar heads of the molecules. Membranes can form va...
1,477,468,750,547
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Hill-Valley Evolutionary Algorithm (HillVallEA) \cite{Maree18, Maree18b} is a real-valued multi-modal evolutionary algorithm, that automatically detects niches in the search space, based on the Hill-Valley test. This test states that two solutions belong to the same niche (valley) when there...
1,477,468,750,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last decade the connection between cosmology and particle physics has become more and more interesting. We have several sectors in which a comparison between the theoretical high energy physics processes of the very early universe and their observable traces is possible. These resear...
1,477,468,750,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \labbel{intro} Conditions under which a product of topological spaces satisfies some local property have long been known in many particular instances. Results with a general flavor appeared in Preu\ss\ \cite[Section 5.3]{P} and in Hoffmann \cite[Theorem 2.2 and Remark 2.4(b)]{H}. ...
1,477,468,750,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Galactic bulges have been generally assumed to be simple components that, morphologically, closely resemble elliptical galaxies. First photometric decompositions of lenticular and spiral galaxies \citep[e.g.][]{1993MNRAS.265.1013C} established that the radial behaviour of their sur...
1,477,468,750,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we investigate the large deviation behaviours of point processes and partial sums of stationary \emph{symmetric $\alpha$-stable} ($S\alpha S$) random fields with $\alpha\in(0,2)$. A random field $\mathbf{X}:=\{X_t\}_{t \in \mathbb{Z}^d}$ is called a \textit{stationary symmetric ...
1,477,468,750,552
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wonderful varieties are projective algebraic varieties (for us, over the field of complex numbers $\mathbb C$) endowed with an action of a semisimple connected algebraic group $G$, having certain properties which have been inspired by the compactifications of symmetric homogeneous spaces given b...
1,477,468,750,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In supervised discriminative model learning, given a finite number of training data samples, optimal exploitation of the information content in the extracted features with respect to their class conditions is essential. Applications in various research fields have developed dif...
1,477,468,750,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} The combined MAXIMA-1 \cite{MAXIMA-1} , BOOMERANG \cite{BOOMERANG} , DASI \cite{DASI} , COBE/DMR Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations \cite{COBE} , the recent WMAP data \cite{SPERGEL} and SDSS \cite{SDSS} imply that the Universe is flat \cite{flat01} and that most of ...
1,477,468,750,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are extremely luminous explosions with absolute magnitudes of $\lesssim$$-21$~mag, which are $\sim$10--100 times brighter than typical Type Ia and core-collapse SNe \citep{gal12}. SLSNe are a new class of SNe that was discovered only recently by wide-field, u...
1,477,468,750,556
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} High resolution spectrograph in near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range is a powerful tool to explore a variety of astronomical objects from planets to cosmological objects by measuring chemical abundance and gas dynamics with atomic and/or molecular lines. We are developing a NIR high-resolution s...
1,477,468,750,557
arxiv
\subsection{Signal} \begin{figure*}[bpt] \centering \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.5\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Figures/charge/inPxl_charge_epi_202202.pdf} \caption{Epitaxial layer} \label{fig:clsChargeMap_epi} \end{subfigure}% \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.5\textwidth} \centering \i...
1,477,468,750,558
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The question of how a background medium affects the motion of a charge carrier is one of the most heavily debated issues in solid state physics. In this connection the background may typify a great variety of situations. It could, for example, represent a simple deformable lattice~\cite{La33,Pe46...
1,477,468,750,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum computation is a subject that is strongly attracting the interest of the physics community in recent times \cite{qc-nas1,qc-nas2}, mainly because of the vast potential it has for extremely high-performance calculations. The main reason for that derives from the fact that instead of ...
1,477,468,750,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} For businesses that want to promote their items and services, running online advertisements on advertising platforms is an effective way to achieve their marketing goals. With the aim of attracting users to know more about the displayed items, advertisers design ad creative (such as...
1,477,468,750,561
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively studied for applications in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, sensing, catalysis, etc. While the catalogue of available 2D materials is vast \cite{Nicolosi13_Sci,Lebegue13_PRX,Mounet18_NNano}, it may be difficult to find a material that perfec...
1,477,468,750,562
arxiv
\section{Definitions} \begin{definition} \label{def:weak_masking_game_graph} Given two transition systems $A=\langle S, \Sigma, E, s_0\rangle$ and $A'=\langle S', \Sigma_{\mathcal{F}}, E_W', s'_0 \rangle$ (where $\Sigma$ and $\Sigma_{\mathcal{F}}$ possible contains the distinguished \textit{silent} action $\tau$), we...
1,477,468,750,563
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mechanical metamaterials are structured from mesoscopic building blocks, whose individual characteristics and mutual arrangements dictate global properties and functionalities, potentially leading to exotic macroscopic responses~\cite{bertoldi2017flexible, Zadpoor2016, babaee20133d, Chen2016}. F...
1,477,468,750,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} In this paper, we assume the reader is familiar with standard notations and basic results of Nevanlinna's value distribution theory; see \cite{[Goldberg],Hayman,Laine,YL,YY}. Some basic knowledge of complex dynamics of meromorphic functions is also needed; see \cite{[Berg9...
1,477,468,750,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a Riemann integrable function $f:[0,1)^s \to \mathbb{R}$, we consider the integral $\int_{[0,1)^s} f(\mathbf{x}) \textrm{d} \mathbf{x}$ and its approximation by quasi-Monte Carlo integration: \begin{eqnarray} \label{eqn:monte carlo} \int_{[0,1)^s} f(\mathbf{x}) \textrm{d} \mathbf{x} \appro...
1,477,468,750,566
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After the recent success of the LHC Run I experiment, and discovery of the Higgs boson in particular, the LHC Run II is pushing the limits of higher-order calculations in QCD even further than ever. In that context, analytical calculations play a crucial role as a background for the numerical...
1,477,468,750,567
arxiv
\section{Multi-Step Methods for Mechanical Engineers} Multi-step methods \cite{Butcher08,HairerWanner91} are numerical schemes that are used to approximate solutions for systems of ODEs which commonly arise in engineering practice. Because the intended readers of this document are my students, whom will become Mechan...
1,477,468,750,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:adv_comp:intro} Recent advances in machine learning and deep neural networks enabled researchers to solve multiple important practical problems like image, video, text classification and others. However most existing machine learning classifiers are highly vulnerable to adversarial ...
1,477,468,750,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although they are not yet high-temperature superconductors, understanding lightly doped antiferromagnets is a great challenge in condensed matter physics. A lot is known about hole- and electron-doped systems both from experiments and from studies of microscopic Hubbard or $t$-$J$-type models ...
1,477,468,750,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) protect qubits from detrimental noise by redundantly storing quantum states in multiple parties \cite{Lidar2013}. The basic idea is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:drawing}. An environment induces noise in a system $S$, which is modeled as a quantum channel...
1,477,468,750,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neutron stars (NSs) result from the gravitational collapse of massive stars with $M \gtrsim 8 M_\odot$ at the end point of their evolution. They are among the most compact objects in the universe, with a central density which can reach several times the nuclear saturation density. At least, th...
1,477,468,750,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Binary and higher order multiple stars play a very important role in the dynamical evolution of star clusters, mainly because dynamically active binary and multiple systems can absorb (negative) energy. In the case of globular clusters, such systems are known to prevent the so-called gravo-therma...
1,477,468,750,573
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A basic intention of this article is to contribute to the classification of smooth (almost) Fano varieties with torus action. Most studied in this context are the toric Fano varieties; based on their description in terms of lattice polytopes, there are meanwhile classification re...
1,477,468,750,574
arxiv
\section{Divergences and divergence statistics} \PARstart{M}{any} of the divergence measures used in statistics are of the $f$-divergence type introduced independently by I. Csisz\'{a}r \cite{Csiszar1963}, T. Morimoto \cite{morimoto1963}, and Ali and Silvey \cite{Ali1966}. Such divergence measures have been studi...
1,477,468,750,575
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nature must love neutrinos, because she makes so many of them: neutrinos are more abundant than photons (about $10^3$/cm$^3$; 10$^{17}$/sec pass through your body). In addition to the enormous density of big-bang relict neutrinos, effectively undetectable due to their tiny energy, neutrinos are ...
1,477,468,750,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Forecasting from time series data necessarily involves an attempt to understand uncertainty; volatility or the standard deviation is a key measure of this uncertainty and is found to be time-varying in most financial time series. The seminal work of Engle \cite{Engle}, that first treated volati...
1,477,468,750,577
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interest in strongly interacting Fermion systems has recently been invigorated with the discovery of high temperature superconductors. Another strongly interacting Fermion system is the atomic nucleus. The stability of nuclei and description of their low-energy excitations have been understood fo...
1,477,468,750,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A differential graded (dg) operad $\mathcal{O}$ is {\it formal} if there exists a sequence of quasi-isomorphisms (of dg operads) $$ \mathcal{O} \,\stackrel{\sim}{\leftarrow}\, \bullet \,\stackrel{\sim}{\rightarrow}\, \bullet \,\stackrel{\sim}{\leftarrow}\, \bullet ~ \dots ~ \bullet \,\stackrel...
1,477,468,750,579
arxiv
\section{Introduction} States that can be interpreted as the first quanta of collective vibrations are a general property of quantum mesoscopic systems which can be found in various fields of physics. In nuclear physics, such vibrational states of the nucleus have been known for many years~\cite{bm}. The...
1,477,468,750,580
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The famous Heisenberg uncertainty relations \cite{H,H2} play an important and significant role in the understanding of the quantum world and in explanations of its properties. There is a mathematically rigorous derivation of the position--momentum uncertainty relation and the uncertainty rela...