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1,477,468,750,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Oncolytic viruses constitute a class of targeted anticancer agents that have unique mechanisms of action compared with other therapies. The premise is to genetically engineer viral particles to selectively replicate in and lyse tumour cells. Over the past decade, hundreds of patients with cance... |
1,477,468,750,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) model has lately drawn some
attention, mainly because it allows for a unified description of
dark matter and dark energy, the first dominating at early times
and gradually transferring energy to the dark energy component
\cite{Kamenshchik, Bertolami1}. The GCG... |
1,477,468,750,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The theory of gauge fields is based on symmetry principles and the
hypothesis of locality of fields. The principle of local gauge
invariance determines all the forms of the interactions and allows the
geometrical description of the interactions \cite{Utiy56}.
However the quanti... |
1,477,468,750,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In numerous low-mass X-ray binaries quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs)
between 300 and 1200 Hz have been discovered (the kHz QPOs; see van
der Klis 1997 for a recent review on kHz QPOs). Here we present the
search for kHz QPOs in the atoll sources GX 9$+$1 and GX 9$+$9.
\section{Observations an... |
1,477,468,750,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extrasolar planets reveal orbital eccentricities much higher than those found among the planets of the Solar System, a deviation that in the beginning was considered so strange that it even lead some people to doubt whether the radial velocity exoplanet measurements actually showed real planets. ... |
1,477,468,750,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our object is a superposition of fundamental solutions for the \(p\)-Laplace Equation
\begin{equation}
\Delta_p u := \di \left(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u\right) = 0.
\label{int.eq}
\end{equation}
Although the equation is non-linear, the function
\[V(x) = \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}\frac{\rho(y)}... |
1,477,468,750,587 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction: T2K and the near detector}
T2K is a neutrino oscillation experiment that spans 295km across Japan \cite{t2kNIM}; the baseline is optimised to measure $\theta_{13}$ through electron neutrino ($\nu_e$) appearance in a predominantly muon neutrino ($\nu_{\mu}$) beam. The ne... |
1,477,468,750,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relation extraction (RE) aims to identify the semantic relations between named entities in text. While previous work \cite{zeng2014relation,zhang2015bidirectional,zhang2018graph} focuses on extracting relations within a sentence, a.k.a.~\emph{sentence}-level RE, recent studies \cite{verga2018sim... |
1,477,468,750,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, {\em artificial neural networks} have been applied to ever more general problems, incorporating the most diverse operators and intricate architectures. Unlike the initial definitions~\cite{rumelhart1986learning}, which could be easily formalized as directed graphs, modern neur... |
1,477,468,750,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Planetesimal formation is one of the unsolved issues in planet formation theory.
There are several obstacles to the planetesimal formation.
One obstacle is self-induced turbulence \citep[e.g.,][]{Sekiya1998}.
In a protoplanetary disk, sub-$\mathrm{\mu m}$-sized dust grains settl... |
1,477,468,750,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Distributions of genealogical features such as shapes, subtrees, and clades are of interest in phylogenetic and population genetics. By comparing biological data with these distributions, which can be derived from null models such as the Yule-Harding-Kingman (YHK) model and proport... |
1,477,468,750,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{fig1}
\caption{Schematic of the 2D periodic lattices considered in the main text: (a), the honeycomb lattice with alternating values of on-site potential along the $y$-direction; and, (b), the transformed version obtained by straightening... |
1,477,468,750,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A spectacular dynamical layer decoupling of the transport properties accompanied by different types of order parameters (charge, spin and superconducting) developing
together has been observed experimentally in the stripe-ordered (or nearly ordered) cuprate superconductor {La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$Cu... |
1,477,468,750,594 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Theorem \ref{main}}
Using \cite{L1} and \cite{L2}, we determined in \cite{BO2} the reflective index $i_r(M)$ of all irreducible Riemannian symmetrric spaces $M$ of noncompact type and the reflective submanifolds $\Sigma$ in $M$ for which $i_r(M) = \mbox{codim}(\Sigma)$. Using duality between Riemanni... |
1,477,468,750,595 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The phase-ordering dynamics of systems quenched from a high-temperature
disordered state into an ordered state is a problem of great relevance in
the description of out-of-equilibrium pattern formation \cite{REV}.
One well established property is the onset of dynamic scaling,
where the late-... |
1,477,468,750,596 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Clustering aims at partitioning the space creating sets or clusters of elements that are as coherent as possible within the cluster and as different as possible from the elements in the other clusters. It is an unsupervised learning technique for which the cluster assignment or cluster number is... |
1,477,468,750,597 | arxiv |
\section{Performance Data}
We perform 2 tasks, ingest data with insertMany with ordered=False and a conditional find on two indexed fields. These tasks are written in python using pymongo. The data we choose to ingest was time series metric data of Blue Waters compute nodes collected by OVIS. The data spans 5 years, s... |
1,477,468,750,598 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Powerful deep neural networks (DNNs)' prohibitive complexity calls for hardware efficient DNN solutions \cite{eyeriss,10.1145/3210240.3210337,8050797}. When it comes to DNNs' hardware efficiency in IoT devices, the model complexity (e.g., bit-widths), dataflows, and hardware architectures are m... |
1,477,468,750,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In discussing the strong interaction, it is customary to assume
the validity of charge symmetry, which interchanges protons and
neutrons (simultaneously interchanging up and down quarks). For example,
all phenomenological analyses of deep inelastic scattering
data in terms of parton distri... |
1,477,468,750,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During two past decades a significant progress in control and manipulation of separate
electrons within the solid state devices has been made.
A single electron was trapped within a quantum dot \cite{tarucha} in a localized state.
Monitoring the flow of current by resolving the passage of separat... |
1,477,468,750,601 | arxiv | \section{Description of the results}
We consider a $(n+1+m)$--dimensional vector--field $N$ which, expressed in local coordinates $({\rm I}, y, {{\psi}})\in{\mathbb P}={\mathbb I}\times {\mathbb Y}\times {\mathbb T}^m$ (where ${\mathbb I}\subset{\mathbb R}^n$, ${\mathbb Y}\subset{\mathbb R}$ are open and connected; ${\... |
1,477,468,750,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Leptogenesis \cite{fy} is a very appealing explanation of the
baryon asymmetry of the Universe, the more so since it can also
incorporate the origin of neutrino masses and mixings. In triplet
see-saw models, a cosmological lepton asymmetry is produced by the
decay of a heavy Higgs triplet, in pr... |
1,477,468,750,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quite deep issue of how to represent human knowledge
in a way that is most useful for applications has been
present in research for decades now.
Often, knowledge representation is necessary in a context of
incomplete information, whereby inductive processes are
required in addition.
As a ... |
1,477,468,750,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace*{1em}Let $\mathcal X$ be a smooth algebraic orbifold (Def.\ref{def al orb} and Remark \ref{remark alg orb}) over an algebraically closed field $k$. We consider the moduli functor $\mathcal M$ of modified slope (Def.\ref{def mslope}) semistable torsion free sheaves on $\mathcal X$. Followi... |
1,477,468,750,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The estimation of various types of moments of the Riemann zeta-function has been intensely studied for the better part of a century. The zeta-function is given by
\[
\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}n^{-s},
\]
where $s=\sigma+it$ denotes a complex variable with real part $\sigma$ and imaginary ... |
1,477,468,750,606 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that are characterised by extreme
variability in their radio cores, high and variable polarization,
superluminal jet speeds and compact radio emission, are collectively
referred to as `blazars' \citep{AngelStockman80}. Blazars comprise flat-spectrum
ra... |
1,477,468,750,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
Machine learning inform an increasingly large number of critical decisions in diverse settings. They assist medical diagnosis~\citep{mckinney2020international}, guide policing~\citep{meijer2019predictive}, and power credit scoring systems~\citep{tsai2008using}. While they h... |
1,477,468,750,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
A common feature of social networks is trait-assortativity, the tendency of similar individuals to interact more intensely or frequently than dissimilar ones.
Assortativity can be beneficial, allowing communities of individuals who share common beliefs or experiences to pursu... |
1,477,468,750,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Electron-transfer (ET) chemical reactions in solution constitute a paradigmatic class of chemical reactions \cite{pauling1988general}.
In the simplest case, an electron of charge $-e$ ($e$ is the elementary charge) is transferred from an anion $(A^-)$ to a cation $(C^+)$, fol... |
1,477,468,750,610 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors would like to thank Xun Chen, Yu-Chen Wang,
and Hai-Bo Yu for useful discussions.
This work is supported by the Double First Class start-up fund
(WF220442604), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (20PJ1407800),
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12090064),
and Chinese Ac... |
1,477,468,750,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Chemical characterisation of exoplanetary atmospheres is rapidly entering a golden era. Robust detections of C, H, and O-bearing molecules from infrared spectroscopy are now commonplace \citep[e.g.][]{Snellen2010,Deming2013,Sing2016}. Optical transmission spectra have offered d... |
1,477,468,750,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the one-dimensional Euler-Poisson system in a non-dimensional form:
\begin{subequations}\label{EP}
\begin{align}[left = \empheqlbrace\,]
& \rho_t + (\rho u)_x = 0, \label{EP_1} \\
& \rho(u_t + u u_x) + K\rho_x = - \rho\phi_x, \label{EP_2} \\
& - \phi_{xx} = \rho - e^\phi. \labe... |
1,477,468,750,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is an old problem
to determine if given irrational value of a transcendental function is
algebraic or transcendental for certain algebraic arguments; the algebraic values
are particularly remarkable and worthy of thorough investigation, see [Hilbert 1902] \cite{Hil1}, p. 456.
Onl... |
1,477,468,750,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-Gaussian probability distributions are frequently observed in a variety of
systems such as physical, chemical, economical and social systems.
Known examples of non-Gaussian probability distributions are L\'evy $\alpha$-stable distributions, which can be defined by its Fourier transformation ... |
1,477,468,750,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have the most of the outstanding
properties of pristine graphene and a non-null bandgap that is
edge-dependent and inversely proportional to the ribbon
width~\cite{1,2,3}. GNRs have been fabricated by several methods, from
top-down to chemical and bottom-up
methods~\c... |
1,477,468,750,616 | arxiv | \section{0pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{0pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\titlespacing\subsection{0pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{0pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\titlespacing\subsubsection{0pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{0pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\titlespacing\paragraph{0pt}{12pt}{12pt}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[font=small,label... |
1,477,468,750,617 | arxiv | \section{\textbf{INTRODUCTION}}
Quantum mechanics was originated in two principally different forms: the
matrix mechanics of Heisenberg and the wave mechanics of Schr\"{o}dinger.
Both forms are equivalent in general and are the complement of one another.
Latter Feynman \cite{F} proposed a third formulation in terms of... |
1,477,468,750,618 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading:\protect\\ The line
The interest in antiferromagnetic (AF) spintronics is stimulated by an increasing number of reports on different scenarios of manipulation of the N\'eel vector. Current-driven methods include spin-orbit torque commensurate with spin directions \c... |
1,477,468,750,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As of 1st January 2021, there are nearly three million Android apps available on the official Google Play app store.
The majority of them (over 95\%) are made freely accessible to Android users and cover every aspect of users' daily life, such as supporting social networking, online shopping, b... |
1,477,468,750,620 | arxiv | \section{Derivation of the update matrices}\label{section_derivation}
Analogously to the DQNN update rule presented in \cite{Beer2020} the unitaries will be updated through
\begin{equation*}
U_j^l(t+\epsilon)=e^{i\epsilon K_{j}^l(t)} U_j^l(t).
\end{equation*}
We will derive the update matrices in general in \cref{pro... |
1,477,468,750,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, accelerating electromagnetic fields, i.e., solutions of Maxwell's equation, which propagate along curved trajectories in free space, without being subject to an external force, have been the subject of a rather intensive research. The archetype of accelerating beam, is surely the... |
1,477,468,750,622 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
To each integer $n$ we assign a positive random integer
$a_n$. Then, $n$ is mapped $a_n$ units to the right. Given a probability space $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb P)$ supporting the random sequence $\{a_n\}_{n\in \mathbb Z}$, we consider the function $f: \Omega\times \mathbb Z\to \mathbb Z$ de... |
1,477,468,750,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In uniform random permutations, long cycles occupy almost all the available space. Indeed, it is a standard
textbook exercise to show that in a permutation of length $n$, the probability to find an index $i$ in a cycle
of length $k$ is equal to $1/n$, which in turn means that cycles of a lengt... |
1,477,468,750,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:introduction}
IGRJ17361-4441 is a hard X-ray transient source first observed by \citet{gibaud2011}
with the IBIS/ISGRI telescope \citep{ubertini2003} onboard the {\it INTEGRAL} satellite \citep{winkler2003}
and was quickly recognized to be hosted in the galactic globular cluster NGC 63... |
1,477,468,750,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{s1}
This note deals with the correlation functions and distribution functions of binary sequences. The purpose is to improve the current theoretical results for the Mobius sequence
$\{\mu(n): n\geq 1 \}$ and the Liouville sequence $\{\lambda(n): n\geq 1 \}$. Given a large number $x\ge... |
1,477,468,750,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The world continues to struggle in containing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic by applying different measures such as lockdown or remote-work to contain the virus spread at the cost of straining their economy. Although the situation has been improved significantly since the declaration of ... |
1,477,468,750,627 | arxiv |
\subsubsection{Performance Anomaly}
\input{anomaly-RT}
\subsubsection{Reliability Anomaly}
\input{anomaly-EC}
\subsubsection{Traffic Anomaly}
\input{anomaly-QPS}
\subsection{Target System}
The e-commerce system of Alibaba has more than 846 millions monthly active users.
It adopts the microservice architecture an... |
1,477,468,750,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\ensuremath{\bold{k}}$ denote a base field, algebraically closed of characteristic $p>0$. In \cite{Hen}, all graded cocommutative connected Hopf algebras of dimension less than or equal to $p^3$ are classified by using W.M.~Singer's theory of extensions of connected Hopf algebras \cite{WMS}.... |
1,477,468,750,629 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
The LHCb experiment has been conceived to study CP violation and other rare
phenomena in the B-meson decays with very high precision. The experiment
is at the moment in the last phase of its construction, and is expected
to be fully operational when the LHC machine will deliv... |
1,477,468,750,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{SecIntro}
For $p$ prime and $n\in\mathbb{N}=\{0,1,2,3,\ldots\}$, the exponent of the highest power of $p$ that divides $n$ is called the \textit{$p$-adic valuation of $n$}, which we denote $\nu_{p}(n)$. The valuation of $0$ is defined to be $+\infty$. Formally, the valuation of a positive i... |
1,477,468,750,631 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{E}{motions} play a large role in our lives, defining our experiences and shaping how we view the world and interact with other humans. Perceiving the emotions of social partners helps us understand their behaviors and decide our actions towards them. For e... |
1,477,468,750,632 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
The polarization function $\Pi_{\mathrm{v}}(q)$ shown in Fig.2 is
defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Pi_{\mathrm{v}}(q)
&=&-N\int\frac{d^3k}{(2\pi)^3}\int\frac{d^3p}{(2\pi)^3}
\mathrm{Tr}\left[\gamma_{0}G_{0}(k+q)\gamma_{0}G_{0}(k+p+q)\gamma_{0}\right.
\nonumber \\
&&\left.\times G_{0}(k+p)\ga... |
1,477,468,750,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The several decades of investment in earth observation has made available many satellite and aerial sensors with always finer resolution and shorter revisiting time, marking remote sensing as a very important tool for remote earth investigation.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) a... |
1,477,468,750,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $H\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ be a finite set and denote by
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{int.cone}(H):=\{\lambda_1x_1+\cdots+\lambda_kx_k\mid x_1,\ldots,x_k\in H, \lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_k\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\}
\end{equation}
the integer cone generated by $H$. The \emph{Carath\'eodory rank} of $... |
1,477,468,750,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
With the rapid advancement of deep learning technologies,
various end-to-end learned image/video codecs have been developed~\cite{balle2018, minnen, cheng2020} to rival their handcrafted
counterparts such as JPEG, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)~\cite{hevc}, and Versatile ... |
1,477,468,750,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
QCD is the accepted underlying theory of the strong interactions, and the properties of the spectrum and interactions of hadrons should be calculable from it using a suitable regularization scheme for the quark and gluon fields. A particularly convenient approach is to consider ... |
1,477,468,750,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Sampling zero-one constrained contingency tables finds its applications
in combinatorics \cite{Huber06}, statistics of social networks
\cite{chen2007, Snijders1991},
and regulatory networks \cite{Dinwoodie2008}.
In 2005, Chen et al.\ introduced a sequential importance sampling (SIS) procedure... |
1,477,468,750,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
One of the first steps toward understanding the
formation and evolution of galaxies is a determination of the
radial distribution
of mass within a representative sample of systems. The rotational
balance of stars and gas in the plane of a disk galaxy offers a
powerful probe of its... |
1,477,468,750,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the fundamental paper \cite{Gr69} of 1968, Grothendieck states a series of conjectures concerning the existence of certain algebraic cycles on smooth projective algebraic varieties over an algebraically closed ground fields. Those are known as the standard conjectures. In particular, given su... |
1,477,468,750,640 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Services are being moved from the cloud to the edge of the network.
This migration is due to several reasons: lack of trust on the cloud provider~\cite{baumann2015shielding}, energy savings~\cite{lyu2018selective,ning2019green} or willing to reclaim control over data and code.
Edge devices are... |
1,477,468,750,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
B-physics has been reserved an important role in the exciting programme to be
developed at the Large Hadron Collider or LHC along
the 21st century. As an example, the ATLAS TDR \cite{tdr} collects a
large number of topics related to charm and beauty flavours allowing precise
tests of the Stand... |
1,477,468,750,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{$\psi(4040)/\psi(4160) \to \eta J/\psi$ }
Experimentally well established structures
$\psi(4040)$, $\psi(4160)$, and
$\psi(4415)$ resonances above
the $D\bar{D}$ production threshold are of great interest but not well
understood, even decades after their first
observation.
BESIII ... |
1,477,468,750,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
The study of disjointness in hypercyclicity was initiated in 1970 by Bernal-Gonz\'{a}lez \cite{B1} and B\`{e}s and Peris \cite{BP}, respectively. Since then, disjoint hypercyclicity was investigated by many authors, we recommend \cite{BMP}, \cite{BMS}, \cite{BMPS}, \cite{Sh... |
1,477,468,750,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Time-series data is frequently used in various real-world systems, especially in multivariate scenarios such as server machines, water treatment plants, spacecraft, etc. Detecting an anomalous event in such time-series data is crucial to managing those systems~\cite{su2019smdomnianomaly,mathur20... |
1,477,468,750,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in urban networks leads to new operational challenges that have received a growing attention over the past few years. Of particular interest is the future paradigm wherein legacy (or human-operated) vehicles have been fully replaced with AVs. In this ... |
1,477,468,750,646 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Quantum phase transition (QPT) \cite{sachdev_2011}, as a fundamental
phenomenon in quantum physics, is characterized by the sudden change
of the ground states of quantum systems, induced by the change of
system parameters. In general, a quantum system occurred phase transition
needs to reach a t... |
1,477,468,750,647 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over an algebraically
closed field $\mathbb{K}$ of characteristic 0. If $X$ has trivial canonical bundle (torsion is enough), then the deformations of $X$ are unobstructed: this is
the well known Bogomolov-Tian-Todorov theorem. The first proofs of this... |
1,477,468,750,648 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General Relativity is one of the most successful theories of nature, but there are compelling reasons to explore modifications to the behaviour of gravity on both large and small scales. Most of the precise predictions of General Relativity have consistently been demonstrated experimentally: amo... |
1,477,468,750,649 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper introduces an event-based method to detect and track faces from the output of an event-based camera (samples are shown in Fig.\ref{fig:overview}). The method exploits the dynamic nature of human faces to detect, track and update multiple faces in an unknown scene. Although face detecti... |
1,477,468,750,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational wave (GW) \citep{Einstein:1918btx} are a new multi-frequency observational probe of the Universe which will explore a vast range of cosmological redshifts. The GW signal can be produced from astrophysical sources such as black holes (BHs), neutron stars (NSs), white dwarfs (WDs), s... |
1,477,468,750,651 | arxiv | \section{Belavin-Drinfeld triples}
Let $(e_i), 1 \leq i \leq n,$ be a basis for $\mathbb C^n$. Set
$\Gamma = \{e_i - e_{i+1}: 1 \leq i \leq n-1\}$. We will use the
notation $\alpha_i \equiv e_i - e_{i+1}$. Let $( , )$ denote the
inner product on $\mathbb C^n$ having $(e_i)$ as an orthonormal basis.
\begin{defe}
A ... |
1,477,468,750,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Why there is so little anti-matter in the Universe, and why the
matter coalesced in the way it did are two of the major problems
facing cosmology. Predictably, both have attracted a great deal of
attention spawning a panoply of explanations and theories. Some of these
theories involve objects kn... |
1,477,468,750,653 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Despite numerous studies of gravitational instabilities in protoplanetary disks (e.g., Boss 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005; Pickett et al.~1998, 2000b, 2003; Balbus \& Papaloizou 1999; Nelson et al.~2000; Gammie 2001; Johnson \& Gammie 2003; Rice et al.~2003, 2004, 2005; Mayer et al.~2004, 2007; L... |
1,477,468,750,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation from evolutionary game theory and random polynomial theory}
Large random systems, in particular random polynomials and systems of random polynomials, arise naturally in a variety of applications in physics (such as in quantum chaotic dynamics \cite{Bogomolny1992}), biology ... |
1,477,468,750,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Contacts of surfaces at the atomic length scale are crucial in many modern applications, from experimental techniques such as nanoindentation~\cite{landman_atomistic_1990, oliver_measurement_2004, fischer-cripps_nanoindentation_2004} or atomic/friction force microscopy (AFM/FFM)~... |
1,477,468,750,656 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{sections/introduction}
\section{Related Work}
\label{sec:related_work}
\input{sections/related_work}
\section{The Fishbowl Dataset}
\label{sec:dataset}
\input{sections/dataset}
\section{A multi-stage approach for unsupervised scene modelling}
\label{sec:method}... |
1,477,468,750,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{scn:intro}
The use of computational complexity theory to study the inherent difficulty of computational problems has proven remarkably fruitful over the last decades. For example, the theory of NP-completeness~\cite{C72,L73,K72} has helped classify the worst-case complexity of hundreds of c... |
1,477,468,750,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
GRO\,J1008$-$57\ is a transient high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system with a neutron
star primary and a Be companion. It was discovered by the Burst and
Transient Source Experiment aboard the \textit{Compton Gamma-Ray
Observatory} during a 1.4 Crab giant outburst in July 1993
\citep{Stollberg:93... |
1,477,468,750,659 | arxiv | \section{
Neutrino -- Two-Photon Vertex in Vacuum}
The electroweak process of the transition of two gammas to the
neutrino -- antineutrino pair is described by two Feynman diagrams with
charged fermions in the loop and with the photon interchange.
\def\markphotonatomur{\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)
... |
1,477,468,750,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While there is no evidence of the presence of primordial antimatter in
the universe, the amount of primordial matter, i.e. baryons, has been determined
quite precisely from two independent observables. From the measurements of
the primordial deuterium abundance of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis ... |
1,477,468,750,661 | arxiv | \section{ Numerical Details }
In order to solve the equation,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:continuity}
\nabla\cdot\left(n({\bf r},t)\nabla \alpha({\bf r},t)\right)= - \frac{\partial}{\partial {t}}n({\bf r},t)
\end{equation}
we construct the explicit matrix representation of the operator $ \nabla\cdot\left(n({\bf r},... |
1,477,468,750,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dispersion forces arise between any two polarizable media, and are therefore
ubiquitous in nature. Even if their strength is often relatively weak at short
range\cite{derjaguin87}, they appear to have a significant contribution to the
explanation of a wide range of phenomena
\cite{israelachv... |
1,477,468,750,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In the last decade or so gravitationally lensed QSOs, both doubles and
quads, have been used mostly for the determination of the Hubble parameter
(see \citet{coles08} for the latest work, and summary of earlier results),
and for the estimation of the mass distribution in the lens... |
1,477,468,750,664 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{n} the context of exploration, ergodic trajectory
optimization computes control laws that drive a dynamic system along
trajectories such that the amount of time spent in regions of the state
space is proportional to the expected information gain in those regions.
Us... |
1,477,468,750,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ``Klein's Paradox'' is a counter-intuitive relativistic phenomenon related to scattering theory for high-barrier (or equivalently low-well) potentials for the Dirac equation. When an electron is approaching to a barrier, its wave function can be split in two parts: the reflected one and the t... |
1,477,468,750,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Today String Theory is a promising candidate for the quantum theory of gravity. Since it requires more than four dimensions for its internal consistency, there has been growing interest in higher dimensional solutions and, in particular, in higher dimensional black holes (see e.g. \cite{Empara... |
1,477,468,750,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The cardinal sequence of a scattered space is the sequence of the cardinalities of its Cantor-Bendixson levels.
The investigation of the cardinal sequences of different classes of topological spaces is a classical problem of set theoretic topology.
Many important results were proved in co... |
1,477,468,750,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gauge theories are a cornerstone in the description of various naturally
occurring phenomena in Nature, whether in particle or in condensed matter
physics \cite{Wilczek_2016}. These theories are characterized by the presence
of local conservation laws, which are in general not enough to make the... |
1,477,468,750,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1965, Buchberger developed the method of Gr\"obner bases for solving systems of multivariate non-linear polynomials. Since then, computing power has grown, and improved algorithms developed, but, even now, the method remains impractical for many problems. The main approach to improvement has b... |
1,477,468,750,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tracing the dense central regions of prestellar cores is essential
for an understanding of their kinematics and density distribution.
Many of the well studied nearby cores are thought to be static with
a "Bonnor-Ebert" radial density distribution (see Bergin \&
Tafalla \cite{bt07} and refe... |
1,477,468,750,671 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The awesome statistics of the four LEP collaborations have pinned down
with great precision a host of measurable parameters in the standard
model\cite{LEP94}. The only quantity that shows a possible significant
discrepancy with the theoretical prediction of the standard model is $R_b$
which is... |
1,477,468,750,672 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recall that a permutation group $G$ acting on a set $X$ is sharply $2$-transitive if for any two pairs $(x,y)$ and $(x',y')$ of distinct elements of $X$ there is a unique $g\in G$ with $gx=x'$ and $gy=y'$. Then $G$ has involutions, and either involutions have fixed points and $G$ is of permutatio... |
1,477,468,750,673 | arxiv |
\section*{Abstract (Not appropriate in this style!)}%
\else \small
\begin{center}{\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}\end{center}%
\quotation
\fi
}%
}{%
}%
\@ifundefined{endabstract}{\def\endabstract
{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}}{}%
\@ifundefined{maketitle}{\def\maketitle#1{}}{}%
\@ifun... |
1,477,468,750,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Superluminous supernovae \citep[SLSNe;][]{Qui2011,Gal2012}, whose peak
luminosities are $\gtrsim 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, have been discovered and
studied in the last decade. According to their optical spectra near maximum
light, SLSNe can be divided into types I (hydroge... |
1,477,468,750,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
Binary black hole (BH) systems have attracted our attention since the early days of general relativity. The recent detection of gravitational waves \cite{LIGO} produced by binary BH mergers permits us to reconsider exact binary models to complement the vast amount of numerical r... |
1,477,468,750,676 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Although the observations of filaments within molecular clouds have
been reported since decades (e.g. Schneider \& Elmegreen 1979), only
recently their presence has been recognized as a unique characteristic
of the star-formation process. The latest Herschel results have
reveal... |
1,477,468,750,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Important brain development occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy including brain growth, myelination, and cortical gyrification \cite{kostovic2006development}. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to non-invasively assess and monitor brain development in preterm infants. In spite ... |
1,477,468,750,678 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{CHOICE_MODEL_sec_intro}
The field of queueing theory has been dedicated to understanding the dynamics of queueing systems and their impact on society. In an age where information is readily available, it is an important problem to understand how information affects the decision making of ... |
1,477,468,750,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A thin superconductor film in a perpendicular magnetic field is the configuration typical
of experiments with superconducting materials, and is employed in various physical devices
(SQUIDs, magnetic traps for cold atoms, etc.). Macroscopically, the magnetization of
type-II superconductors is ... |
1,477,468,750,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the upcoming \emph{Internet of Things} (IoT) an immense number of devices will be connected to each cellular station--forecasts predict 1 million devices per station \cite{report}. IoT connectivity is primarily aimed at establishing central authentication, security, and management of those d... |
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