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1,314,259,994,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we explore the problem of sampling from a specific family of probability distributions, generically denoted $\pi$, qualified as sparse and filamentary. This is typically the distribution of a random variable $X$ defined on some measurable space $(\mathsf{X},\mathcal{X})$ where $\...
1,314,259,994,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{introduction}} The purpose of this paper is to explain, as clearly as possible, wave function renormalization for the Wilson actions and their 1PI (one-particle-irreducible) actions. Especially, we wish to elucidate how to incorporate an anomalous dimension of the elementary field into the...
1,314,259,994,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Continual learning is a field of machine learning where the data distribution is not static. It is a natural framework for many practical problems where the data arrives progressively, and the model learns continuously. For example, in robotics, robots need to adapt to their env...
1,314,259,994,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a physical class system, a whiteboard or blackboard is an inevitable tool for teaching. Writing on the board is vital not just for transmitting class content, but also for attracting students' attention. However, this tool is intensively missing in online teaching and learning technique. The o...
1,314,259,994,767
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sectintroduction} The response of a grandstand can be resolved quite easily by linear dynamics methods, if we neglect all the randomness of the system. However, for a more accurate description, at least the most significant uncertainties need to be taken into account. The main uncertaintie...
1,314,259,994,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Advances in imaging hardware, fabrication techniques, and computational methods have enabled novel camera design strategies that go beyond mimicking the human eye. \textit{Lensless imaging} is one of those approaches, replacing a lens (and necessary focusing distances) with a thinner and potent...
1,314,259,994,769
arxiv
\subsection{#1}\label{#2}} \def\operatorname{Perm}{\operatorname{Perm}} \def\operatorname{Cov}{\operatorname{Cov}} \def\operatorname{CSep}{\operatorname{CSep}} \def\operatorname{Sep}{\operatorname{Sep}} \def\operatorname{Ob}{\operatorname{Ob}} \def\operatorname{ind}{\operatorname{ind}} \def\operatorname{sep}{\operator...
1,314,259,994,770
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Mass is the most fundamental invariant of asymptotically flat manifolds. Originally defined in General Relativity, it has since played an important role in Riemannian geometric issues. Other interesting invariants, still motivated by physics, include the energy momentum, the angular momentum ...
1,314,259,994,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Preliminaries} \IEEEPARstart{W}{eather} affects people's daily lives and changes their decisions since the beginning of humanity. The weather molds the flow of events and creates a snowballing effect on real-life systems such as agriculture, tourism, traffic, flight navigation, and e...
1,314,259,994,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{se:introduction} Stochastic games are widely used in economic, engineering and social science applications, and the notion of Nash equilibrium is one of the most prevalent notion of equilibrium used in their analyses. However, when the number of players is large, exact Nash equilibria ar...
1,314,259,994,773
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION AND RESULTS} \hspace{8mm} I shall report here about some of my results on the physics of black holes and the dynamics of fields in the vicinity of such objects, describing at the same time, the Black Hole under its triple aspect of Scatterer, Absorber and Emitter of particles. I shall first rep...
1,314,259,994,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large area surveys such as the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS; Colless et~al.~2001) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; Abazajian et~al.~2009) have measured positions and redshifts of millions of galaxies. These measurements allow us to map the 3D structure of the nearby univ...
1,314,259,994,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of events with bottom quarks has led in the past 10 years to some of the most important Tevatron results: the discovery and study of the top quark, the appreciation of the colour-octet-mediated quarkonium production mechanisms, as well as general results in b-hadron physics (spectroscop...
1,314,259,994,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} One of the most exciting challenges in today's nuclear structure is the physics of exotic nuclei far from the line of $\beta$-stability. What makes this subject particularly interesting (and difficult) is the unique combination of weak binding and the proximity of the particle cont...
1,314,259,994,777
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection {Motivation} In recent years, relay-assisted transmission has gained significant attention as a powerful technique to enhance the performance of wireless networks, combat the fading effect, extend the coverage, and reduce the amount of interference due to frequency reuse. The main ide...
1,314,259,994,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $P(x)=a_0z^d+\dots+a_d=a_0\prod_{i=1}^d(z-\alpha_i)$ be a nonconstant polynomial with (at first) complex coefficients. Then, following Mahler \cite{Mahl62} its {\it Mahler measure} is defined to be \begin{equation}\label{E-0} M(P):=\exp\left(\int_0^1 \log|P(e^{2\pi it})|dt\right), \end{eq...
1,314,259,994,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} The classic Mehler–Heine formula, introduced by Heine in 1861 and by Mehler in 1868 (who was motivated by the problem of knowing the distribution of electricity on spherical domains \cite{Mehler}), states that the Bessel function $J_0$ is a limit of Legendre polynomials $P_N$ of ...
1,314,259,994,780
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Dark matter searches are hybrids of particle physics and astrophysics in many aspects, and naturally, one can find the infusion of techniques and research paradigms from one field into the other. One very important fallout of this hybridization is that the importance of single purpos...
1,314,259,994,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A matrix is a rook matrix if each entry is $0$ or $1$ and each row and column have at most one $1$. A rook matrix $A$ is {\it planar} or {\it order preserving} if the matrix obtained from $A$ by deleting all the zero rows and all the zero columns is an identity matrix. The structure and repre...
1,314,259,994,782
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \subsection{The hierarchy problem} May the Standard Model be placed in form of the recent insights coming from String Theories, where several dimensions appear so naturally? The standard model for strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions, described by the gauge group $SU(3)\times SU(2)\time...
1,314,259,994,783
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The presence or absence of a diagnostic spectroscopic signal can facilitate the elucidation of a reaction mechanism or the design of a molecular material with specific properties and function. For example, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible light (UV/Vis) spect...
1,314,259,994,784
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a rich interplay between supersymmetry and geometry in non-linear sigma models. Supersymetric sigma models have led to the discovery of a rich class of complex geometries. Our purpose here is to revisit this story, and we find that past results readily extend to the construction of som...
1,314,259,994,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} A dynamical system $(X,d,f)$ means always that $(X,d)$ is a compact metric space and $f$ is a continuous self map on $X$. One of the fundamental issues in dynamical systems is how points with similar asymptotic behavior influence or determine the system's complexity. Topological entro...
1,314,259,994,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To interpret the surface composition of minor bodies it is necessary to observe their spectra in the widest possible spectral range. This is typically achieved by observing the target with different instruments, techniques, and calibrations. This results in a lack of simultaneous datasets and h...
1,314,259,994,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As we know, for a given matrix $A\in \mathbb{C}^{\text{n} \times \text{m}}$, the computation of its eigenvalues and eigenvectors is easy when its dimension is smal but this computation will become difficult when the dimension of the matrix is big. For the matrices with big dimensions many re...
1,314,259,994,788
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\it r}-modes are large-scale currents in neutron stars (NSs) that couple to gravitational radiation and remove energy and angular momentum from the star in the form of gravitational waves \citep{Andersson:1997xt,Friedman:1997uh,Friedman:1978hf,Lindblom:1998wf}. The physics of these oscillat...
1,314,259,994,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, domain adaptation has gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency during training without the need of collecting ground truth labels in the target domain. Existing methods have made significant progress in image-based tasks, such as classification \cite{long2015learning,ganin2016d...
1,314,259,994,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let ${\mathcal E}$ be the set of trascendental entire functions $f : \mathbb{C} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$. For $f \in {\mathcal E}$, we write $f^n=f\circ f^{n-1}$ for the \textit{n}-th iterate of $f$, $n \in \mathbb{N}$, and $f^0= Id$ where the symbol $\circ$ denotes composition. When $f^n(z_...
1,314,259,994,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is widely believed that the center of nearly every galaxy contains a supermassive black hole. In particular, the increase of the astronomical observations in recent years strongly indicates the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy (Sgr A*). According to the curren...
1,314,259,994,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A bursting radio source, GCRT J1745-3009, was discovered at 0.33 GHz in a radio monitoring program of the Galactic center region made on September 30, 2002 (Hyman et al. 2005a). Five $\sim 10$ min bursts with peak flux of $\sim 1.67$ Jy were detected at an apparently regular period of $\sim77$ m...
1,314,259,994,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \emph{Sid Meier's Civilization}\footnote{All products, company names, brand names, trademarks, and images are properties of their respective owners. The images are used here under Fair Use for the educational purpose of illustrating mathematical theorems.} series is a collection of turn-ba...
1,314,259,994,794
arxiv
\section{Vector Embedding} We are interested in \fi \begin{abstract} In this paper, we provide a theoretical understanding of word embedding and its dimensionality. Motivated by the unitary-invariance of word embedding, we propose the Pairwise Inner Product (PIP) loss, a novel metric on the dissimilarity between word...
1,314,259,994,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neural networks with logistic sigmoid activations may look very similar to Bayesian networks of the same structure with logistic conditional distributions, aka {\em sigmoid belief networks}~\cite{Neal:1992}. However, hidden units in NNs are deterministic and take on real values while hidden unit...
1,314,259,994,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \blfootnote{ % % % % \hspace{-0.65cm} Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the 14\textsuperscript{th} International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2020) \\ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu...
1,314,259,994,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum computers promise to outperform classical processors for particular tasks \cite{nielsen00, Montanaro2016, Arute2019, PRXQuantum.2.017001}. Solving problems beyond the reach of classical computers with a universal quantum computer requires the implementation of quantum error correction (...
1,314,259,994,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Knowledge of the phase of matter waves is crucially important in studies of interferometry, entanglement, and precision measurement. Pertinent to all of these areas is the pseudospin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ condensate, which can be realized with trapped neutral atoms in a superposition of two hyperfine gr...
1,314,259,994,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} The description of the physics of quantum many-body systems suffers from the "curse of dimensionality", that is, the size of the parameter set that is required to achieve an exact description of the physical state of a quantum many-body system grows exponentially in the numb...
1,314,259,994,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article we study the problem of robust exponential utility maximization in discrete time. Here the term robust reflects uncertainty about the true probabilistic model and the consideration of a whole family of models as a consequence. This is not a new concept and since the seminal pap...
1,314,259,994,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When describing cosmological solutions at a macroscopic level a usual choice for the matter model is a fluid. The pressure is then a function of the energy density, and the relation between these two quantities is often linear. However, a more refined description is obtained via kinetic theory. ...
1,314,259,994,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For image super-resolution (SR), receptive field of a convolutional network determines the amount of contextual information that can be exploited to infer missing high-frequency components. For example, if there exists a pattern with smoothed edges contained in a receptive field, it is plausible ...
1,314,259,994,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \input{sections/s1_intro_v2} \section{Related Work} \label{sec:related} \input{sections/s2_related} \input{sections/f2_model} \section{Approach} \label{sec:approach} \input{sections/s3_approach} \section{Experiments} \label{sec:experiments} \input{sections/s4_experiments} ...
1,314,259,994,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} The control of turbulent flows has been an area of particular interest in aerospace research due to major commercial benefits. For most applications, the control parameters are determined by using simulation based optimization techniques. As typical examples, active flow contro...
1,314,259,994,805
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{C}{reating} dynamic general clothes or garments on animated characters has been a long-standing problem in computer graphics (CG). In the CG industry, physics-based simulations (PBS) are used to achieve realistic and detailed folding patterns for garment an...
1,314,259,994,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} Molecular dynamics has made enormous advances in capabilities through better algorithms, better interatomic potentials, and improvements in computational power. However, the use of molecular dynamics directly to treat the deformation and failure of materials at the mesoscale is s...
1,314,259,994,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, photonic technologies have become promising to address the bottleneck for high-speed communication~\cite{ShiTianGervais+2020+4629+4663} and high-performance computing~\cite{Psaltis1990,Zhou2021} instead of traditional all-electronic technologies. The next-generation photonic devices nee...
1,314,259,994,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological materials are, nowadays, a rich and well developed research field in condensed-matter physics. The study of two-dimensional (2D) topological systems started in the early 80's, with the experimental discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect in GaAs \cite{vonKlitzing}. Thereafter, t...
1,314,259,994,809
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In \cite{HTh,H}, a technical result was proved establishing a bijective correspondence between certain open projections in a $C^*$-algebra containing an operator algebra $A$, and certain one-sided ideals of $A$. Here we give several remarkable consequences of this result. These include ...
1,314,259,994,810
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s.introduction} Consider a continuous time Markov chain on the finite set~$S$, $|S|\ge2$, where the rate of going from $x$ to $y$ is $q(x,y)$. We let $\qmax:=\max\{\sum_{y\neq x} q(x,y)\dvtx x\in S\}$ be the maximum rate that we leave a state. Next, $(S,q)$ yields a continuous time ...
1,314,259,994,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Row projection methods are a class of iterative linear system solvers \cite{bramley1989row,bramley1992row,kamath1989projection} that are used for solving linear system of equations of the form \begin{equation} \label{eq:systemAx} Ax=f, \end{equation} where $A$ is an $n \times n$...
1,314,259,994,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that emerged in late 2019 belongs to the coronaviridae family. SARS-CoV-2 has an unparalleled capacity for human-to-human transmission and became the reason for the COVID-19 pandemic. Having witnessed two re...
1,314,259,994,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The primary motivation for this work is the development of an information-theoretic approach to discrete limit laws, specifically those corresponding to compound Poisson limits. Recall that the classical central limit theorem can be phrased as follows: If $X_1,X_2,\ldots$ are independent and id...
1,314,259,994,814
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of mechanical properties of physical membranes, which are two-dimensional surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space, has a prominent experimental platform in graphene,\cite{NF04} a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal crystalline order.\cite{CG09,VKG10} Graphene is a...
1,314,259,994,815
arxiv
\section{Hessenberg varieties and Poincar\'e duals} \label{sec:Hessenberg} In this section we define Hessenberg varieties and compute the equivariant Poincar\'e duals (in $G/B$) of Hessenberg varieties corresponding to regular elements. We also define the Peterson variety \ensuremath{\mathbf{P}}, and recall from \cite{...
1,314,259,994,816
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec:intro} The lattice symmetry sets up the common and important feature of all crystalline magnetically-ordered materials: the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA). The MCA determines such parameters of a magnetic medium as magnetization direction, magnetic resonances frequencies, coercive...
1,314,259,994,817
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years a new approach to the problem of putting supersymmetric theories on the lattice has been developed based on discretization of a topologically twisted version of the continuum theory \cite{Sugino:2004qd,Catterall:2004np,Catterall:2005fd,physrep,D'Adda:2005zk,Damgaard:2008pa}.~\foo...
1,314,259,994,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The immersed boundary (IB) method is a mathematical framework for studying fluid-structure interaction that was originally developed by Peskin to simulate the flow of blood through a heart valve~\cite{Peskin1972}. The IB method has been used in a wide variety of bioflu...
1,314,259,994,819
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Recently, preparations for terrestrial laboratory experiments with heavy-ion collisons have been started, where it is planned to access the high-density/ low temperature region of the QCD phase diagram and explore physics at the phase boundary between hadronic and quark matter, e...
1,314,259,994,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This contribution to the proceedings of DISCRETE 2014 follows closely the layout of seminar I presented in the conference. I include here an expanded discussion of situations with $\Delta(27)$ singlets, including cases with explicit geometrical CP violation (first identified recently, in \cite{B...
1,314,259,994,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} An important problem in the topology of manifolds is deciding whether there is an $n$-dimensional closed topological manifold in the homotopy type of a given $n$-dimensional finite Poincar\'e complex $X$. Recall that the ``classical surgery theory'' alias ``Browder-Novikov-S...
1,314,259,994,822
arxiv
\section*{Experimental Section} \textbf{Fabrication} Aluminium films were deposited on Si(001) substrates by DC sputtering, and Si$_3$N$_4$~ and Sb$_2$S$_3$~ were deposited by radio frequency (RF) sputtering. The chamber base pressure was 4$\times$10$^{-5}$ Pa and the sputtering pressure was 0.5 Pa. The deposition ...
1,314,259,994,823
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Crowded analysis gained so much popularity in the recent years for both academic purposes and industrial AI. This growing trend is mainly due to the increase of population growth rate and the need of more precise public monitoring systems. Such systems are shown to be effective to capture crowd d...
1,314,259,994,824
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries}Henceforth $R$ stands for an associative unital ring and $S$ denotes a monoid which possesses a group $S^{-1}S$ of left quotients. Recall that this is the case exactly when the monoid $S$ is left and right cancellative and satisfies the left Ore condition. That is, for any $s_1,s_2\in ...
1,314,259,994,825
arxiv
\section{Main claim and the importance} We propose Deep Node Ranking (DNR), an algorithm for structural network embedding based on the ideas of personalized node ranking and representation construction using deep neural networks. The contribution of this paper is multifold. \begin{itemize} \item First, we propose a f...
1,314,259,994,826
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have witnessed a boom in versatile wireless devices and data-consuming mobile services. In the coming wave of a large number of new generation mobile Internet devices, including tablets, smartphones, smart wearables and so on, future 5th generation (5G) mobile networks need to suppor...
1,314,259,994,827
arxiv
\section{\@ifstar{\origsection*}{\@startsection{section}{1}\z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}{\normalfont\scshape\centering\S}}} \def\@startsection{section}{1}\z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}{\normalfont\scshape\centering\S}{\@startsection{section}{1}\z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\lin...
1,314,259,994,828
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Addressing algorithmic harms and implementing mechanisms for enhancing fairness, accountability and transparency in AI systems is a pressing challenge for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike. New regulatory frameworks on transnational, national, federal, and local levels create an ...
1,314,259,994,829
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} SuperKEKB~\cite{Ohnishi:2013fma,Akai:2018mbz} is an intersecting double storage ring particle accelerator with a circumference of 3.016 km that collides electrons and positrons to provide luminosity for the Belle II experiment~\cite{Abe:2010gxa}. SuperKEKB is the succ...
1,314,259,994,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The understanding of correlated matter strongly coupled to quantum light has been an intense area of research both theoretically and experimentally in the last few years. Hybrid photonic technologies for control of complex systems have been constantly improving, now acting as cornerstones for qua...
1,314,259,994,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The surface hopping algorithms, in particular the celebrated Tully's fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) algorithm \cites{Tully,Tully2}, are widely used in theoretical and computational chemistry for mixed quantum-classical dynamics in the non-adiabatic regime. The Schr\"odinger equat...
1,314,259,994,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The use of Bayesian methods has great potential within astrophysics and has been applied in areas from binary stars to cosmology \cite[see][for an introduction]{lor90}. Bayesian methods have recently been employed within some areas of solar physics, such as the analysis of radiochemical solar neu...
1,314,259,994,833
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum computers have the potential to impact a broad range of disciplines such as quantum chemistry~\cite{Moll2018}, finance \cite{Orus2019, Egger2020}, optimization~\cite{Farhi2014, Egger2020b}, and machine learning~\cite{Biamonte2017, Havlicek2019}. The performance of noisy quantum computers...
1,314,259,994,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Clusters of galaxies represent the end product of hierarchical structure formation. They play a key role in understanding the cosmological interplay of dark matter and dark energy. Their number density, baryonic content, and their growth are sensitive probes of cosmological parameters, such as th...
1,314,259,994,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} One of the main interests in high-mass star formation research today is a thorough characterization of the expected massive accretion disks (e.g., \citealt{yorke2002,krumholz2006b}). Observations of this type require high spatial resolution, and disks have been suggested in numerou...
1,314,259,994,836
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Paired photons entangled in the spatial degree of freedom are represented by an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. This offers the possibility to implement quantum algorithms that either inherently use dimensions higher than two or exhibit enhanced efficiency in increasingly higher dimensions (s...
1,314,259,994,837
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} We consider tripartite entangled states for continuous variable systems of EPR type, which generalise the famous bipartite CV EPR states (eigenvectors of conjugate choices $X_1 - X_2, P_1+ P_2$, of the systems' relative position and total momentum variables). We give the regularised forms of such tr...
1,314,259,994,838
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} Recently classical, long wavelength information of M theory has been successfully used to understand detailed quantum properties of four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories. This work was initiated by Witten [\Wittenone], who argued that the auxiliary Riemann surface which appears in the ...
1,314,259,994,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \sloppy \subsection{Motivation} Little is known about compositional and structural diversity of super-Earths. We often consider super-Earths to be distinct from sub-Neptunes in terms of their {volatile fraction}. In fact, there is an intriguing transition around 1.5 R$_{\rm \Earth}$\xspace, ...
1,314,259,994,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical 1-categories define an important special case of $(\infty,1)$-categories. The fact that $(\infty,1)$-category theory restricts to ordinary 1-category can be understood, in part, by the observation that the inclusion of 1-categories into $(\infty,1)$-categories is full as an inclusion o...
1,314,259,994,841
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{int} Since the early sixties, research has paid increasing attention to the study of reflected stochastic differential equations, the reflection process being approached in different ways. Skorohod, for instance, considered the problem of reflection for diffusion processes into a bounded ...
1,314,259,994,842
arxiv
\section{Main} The linear nature of quantum mechanics poses a persistent problem for reconciliation of the classical and quantum mechanics. The superposition principle is foreign to classical physics. We don't see macroscopic objects in two different places or the cat being alive and dead at the same time. However, s...
1,314,259,994,843
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Symmetries play a pivotal role in our understanding of interactions that dominate nuclear structure. Their importance extends from quantum field theories such as the SU(3) color group used to proffer an understanding of the quark and gluon dynamics in individual nucleons, to effective field theo...
1,314,259,994,844
arxiv
\section{Introduction:}\label{aba:sec0} A look at the history of elementary particles reveals that a majority of the constituents of the Standard Model, were conceived by theory before they were experimentally established. This includes quarks that were predicted by Murray Gell-Mann\cite{one} and George Zweig\cite{one...
1,314,259,994,845
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest stellar structures in the Universe. Their redshift of formation is estimated to be around $z = 2-6$ from their stellar population but their formation channels are still debated \citep[see reviews by][]{Forbes18, Renaud18}. In particular,...
1,314,259,994,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A wide variety of systems exhibit critical phenomena. Near a critical point, some quantities obey scaling laws. As an example, consider \begin{equation} A(t, h) = t^x\Psi(ht^{-y}), \eqlabel{s_f} \end{equation} where $t$ and $h$ are variables describing a system, and the cr...
1,314,259,994,847
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The foundations of analyzing thermal and vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field inside matter were laid in the seminal work of S.M.Rytov\cite{rytov_principles_1989}. This later gave rise to a unified approach of understanding fluctuational forces\cite{lifshitz_theory_1956} (Lifshitz the...
1,314,259,994,848
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the real world, noise and speaker interference can degrade the system performance of back-end speech applications. Speech separation effectively solves this problem by extracting the target speech from the mixed utterance. Early methods called blind speech separation, such as Deep Clu...
1,314,259,994,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sect:1} It is commonly believed that the primary energy release regions in solar flares are located in the low corona \cite{Aschwanden05}. Radio spectral and imaging observations in the decimetric and metric wavelength ranges in combination with magnetic field extrapolations are consi...
1,314,259,994,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The magnification bias \citep{Sch92} is a gravitational lensing effect that consists of an increase or decrease in the detection probability of background sources near the positions of lenses. It is due to a modification of the integrated source number counts of the background objects, which pr...
1,314,259,994,851
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} The optimal covariance steering (OCS) problem is a stochastic optimal control problem such that a controller steers the covariance of a stochastic system to a target terminal value, while minimizing a state and control dependent cost in expectation. Since the late `80s~\c...
1,314,259,994,852
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \emph{Catalan numbers} $C_n = \frac{1}{n+1}{2n \choose n}$ are among the most important sequences of numbers in combinatorics. To name just a few examples (see \cite{StanEC2} for many more), the number $C_n$ counts 123-avoiding permutations in $\mathfrak{S}_n$, Dyck paths of length $2n$,...
1,314,259,994,853
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Isoperimetric inequalities play an important role in geometry and analysis. In the last decades the deep and beautiful connection between isoperimetric inequalities and functional inequalities has been discovered. This discovery started with the work of Meyer, Bakry and Emry on the famous `c...
1,314,259,994,854
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Easter eggs nowadays also refer to inside jokes and/or secret messages usually hidden e.g. in computer gaming and hi-tech software. In this work, we take advantage of this terminology to motivate the search for New Physics Beyond the Standard Model in the radiative and in the (...
1,314,259,994,855
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Kinetic representations of hydrodynamics are potentially applicable to flow regimes beyond the reach of classical (near-equilibrium) fluid mechanics. Nevertheless, the derivation and solution of high-order hydrodynamic equations for far-from-equilibrium flows with arbitrary geometry remains an o...
1,314,259,994,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Differential flatness, roughly speaking, means that all the variables of an under-determined system of differential equations can be expressed as functions of a particular output, called flat output, and a finite number of its successive time derivatives (\cite{Martin_92,Fliess_95,Fliess_99}, see...
1,314,259,994,857
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The potentiality of the quark model for hadron physics in the low-energy regime became first manifest when it was used to classify the known hadron states. Describing hadrons as $q\bar q$ or $qqq$ configurations, their quantum numbers were correctly explained. This assignment was based on the com...
1,314,259,994,858
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} A $4-$dimensional plane wave spacetime is given, in Brinkmann coordinates \cite{Brinkmann}, by \begin{equation} g_{\mu\nu}dX^\mu dX^\nu=\delta_{ij} dX^i dX^j + 2 dU dV + K_{ij}(U) X^i X^j dU^2 \,, \label{Bmetric} \end{equation} where $\mathbf{X}\in \IR^2$ and $U,\, V$ are the transv...
1,314,259,994,859
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Electrons close to the Fermi level in strained graphene can be described by the two-dimensional massive Dirac operator \cite{Vozmediano}. De Martino et al \cite{DeMartino} predicted the exis\-tence of infinitely many bound states of the two-dimensional massive Dirac ope\-rator with a d...
1,314,259,994,860
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For decades, lunar occultations (LO) have occupied a special niche as a technique for high-angular resolution with excellent performance, but relatively inefficient yield. The diffraction fringes that are created by the lunar limb as it occults a background source, provide a unique opportunity t...
1,314,259,994,861
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Graph neural networks (GNNs) play an essential role in many emerging applications with graph data. On these applications, GNNs show their strength in extracting valuable information from both the \textit{features} (\textit{i.e.}, information from individual nodes) and the \te...
1,314,259,994,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Hadron colliders offer an excellent place to look for new quarks, as the top quark discovery~\cite{Abe:1994xt} and its recent observation in single production~\cite{Abazov:2009ii,Aaltonen:2009jj} at Tevatron evidence. In the near future, the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (...