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Asteroid | Organic compounds | Organic compounds
Asteroids contain traces of amino acids and other organic compounds, and some speculate that asteroid impacts may have seeded the early Earth with the chemicals necessary to initiate life, or may have even brought life itself to Earth (an event called "panspermia"). In August 2011, a report, based ... |
Asteroid | Classification | Classification
Asteroids are commonly categorized according to two criteria: the characteristics of their orbits, and features of their reflectance spectrum. |
Asteroid | Orbital classification | Orbital classification
thumb|A complex horseshoe orbit (the vertical looping is due to inclination of the smaller body's orbit to that of the Earth, and would be absent if both orbited in the same plane)
Many asteroids have been placed in groups and families based on their orbital characteristics. Apart from the bro... |
Asteroid | Spectral classification | Spectral classification
In 1975, an asteroid taxonomic system based on color, albedo, and spectral shape was developed by Chapman, Morrison, and Zellner. These properties are thought to correspond to the composition of the asteroid's surface material. The original classification system had three categories: C-types ... |
Asteroid | Problems | Problems
Originally, spectral designations were based on inferences of an asteroid's composition. However, the correspondence between spectral class and composition is not always very good, and a variety of classifications are in use. This has led to significant confusion. Although asteroids of different spectral cla... |
Asteroid | Active asteroids | Active asteroids
thumb|Asteroid seen ejecting particles by the OSIRIS-REx
Active asteroids are objects that have asteroid-like orbits but show comet-like visual characteristics. That is, they show comae, tails, or other visual evidence of mass-loss (like a comet), but their orbit remains within Jupiter's orbit (lik... |
Asteroid | Observation and exploration | Observation and exploration
Until the age of space travel, objects in the asteroid belt could only be observed with large telescopes, their shapes and terrain remaining a mystery. The best modern ground-based telescopes and the Earth-orbiting Hubble Space Telescope can only resolve a small amount of detail on the sur... |
Asteroid | Ground-based observations | Ground-based observations
thumb|The 70m antenna at Goldstone Observatory
thumb|Radar observations of near-Earth asteroid as seen by Arecibo
As asteroids are rather small and faint objects, the data that can be obtained from ground-based observations (GBO) are limited. By means of ground-based optical telescopes the... |
Asteroid | Space-based observations | Space-based observations
thumb|WISE infrared space telescope
thumb|Asteroid 6481 Tenzing, center, is seen moving against a background of stars in this series of images taken by the James Webb Space Telescope's instrument NIRCam.
Both space and ground-based observatories conducted asteroid search programs; the space-b... |
Asteroid | Space probe missions | Space probe missions
According to Patrick Michel
The internal structure of asteroids is inferred only from indirect evidence: bulk densities measured by spacecraft, the orbits of natural satellites in the case of asteroid binaries, and the drift of an asteroid's orbit due to the Yarkovsky thermal effect. A spacecra... |
Asteroid | Dedicated missions | Dedicated missions
The first asteroid to be photographed in close-up was 951 Gaspra in 1991, followed in 1993 by 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl, all of which were imaged by the Galileo probe en route to Jupiter. Other asteroids briefly visited by spacecraft en route to other destinations include 9969 Braille (by Deep Sp... |
Asteroid | Planned missions | Planned missions
thumb|upright=1.3|Asteroids and comets visited by spacecraft as of 2019 (except Ceres and Vesta), to scale
NASA's Psyche, launched in October 2023, is intended to study the large metallic asteroid of the same name, and is on track to arrive there in 2029.
ESA's Hera, launched in October 2024, is i... |
Asteroid | Asteroid mining | Asteroid mining
thumb|Artist's concept of a crewed mission to an asteroid
The concept of asteroid mining was proposed in 1970s. Matt Anderson defines successful asteroid mining as "the development of a mining program that is both financially self-sustaining and profitable to its investors". It has been suggested th... |
Asteroid | Threats to Earth | Threats to Earth
thumb|Frequency of bolides, small asteroids roughly 1 to 20 meters in diameter impacting Earth's atmosphere
There is increasing interest in identifying asteroids whose orbits cross Earth's, and that could, given enough time, collide with Earth. The three most important groups of near-Earth asteroid... |
Asteroid | Asteroid deflection strategies | Asteroid deflection strategies
thumb|Double Asteroid Redirection Test in 2022 demonstrated that spacecraft impact is a viable option for planetary defense.
Various collision avoidance techniques have different trade-offs with respect to metrics such as overall performance, cost, failure risks, operations, and techno... |
Asteroid | Fiction | Fiction
Asteroids and the asteroid belt are a staple of science fiction stories. Asteroids play several potential roles in science fiction: as places human beings might colonize, resources for extracting minerals, hazards encountered by spacecraft traveling between two other points, and as a threat to life on Earth ... |
Asteroid | See also | See also
Exoasteroid
List of minor planets
List of exceptional asteroids
List of asteroid close approaches to Earth
Lost minor planet
Meanings of minor-planet names |
Asteroid | Notes | Notes |
Asteroid | References | References |
Asteroid | Further reading | Further reading
|
Asteroid | External links | External links
NASA Asteroid and Comet Watch site
Category:Minor planets
Category:Solar System |
Asteroid | Table of Content | Short description, Terminology{{anchor, History of observations, Discovery of Ceres, Further search, 19th and 20th centuries, Naming, Symbols, Formation, Distribution within the Solar System, Asteroid belt, Trojans, Near-Earth asteroids, Martian moons, Characteristics, Size distribution, Largest asteroids, Rotation, Co... |
Allocution | Short description | An allocution, or allocutus, is a formal statement made to a court by the defendant who has been found guilty before being sentenced. It is part of the criminal procedure in some jurisdictions using common law. |
Allocution | Concept | Concept
An allocution allows the defendant to explain why the sentence should be lenient. In plea bargains, an allocution may be required of the defendant. The defendant explicitly admits specifically and in detail the actions and their reasons in exchange for a reduced sentence.
In principle, that removes any doubt... |
Allocution | Australia | Australia
In Australia, the term allocutus is used by the Clerk of Arraigns or another formal associate of the court.
It is generally phrased as: "Prisoner at the Bar, you have been found Guilty by a jury of your peers of the offence of XYZ. Do you have anything to say as to why the sentence of this Court should not n... |
Allocution | United States | United States
In most of the United States, defendants are allowed the opportunity to allocute before a sentence is passed. Some jurisdictions hold that as an absolute right. In its absence, a sentence but not the conviction may be overturned, resulting in the need for a new sentencing hearing. In the federal system, F... |
Allocution | See also | See also
Confession (law)
Newton hearing, the equivalent in England and Wales |
Allocution | References | References
Category:Criminal procedure
Category:Evidence law |
Allocution | Table of Content | Short description, Concept, Australia, United States, See also, References |
Affidavit | Short description | thumb|Vasil Levski's affidavit, 16 June 1872, Bucharest, Romania
An ( ; Medieval Latin for "he has declared under oath") is a written statement voluntarily made by an affiant or deponent under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by law. Such a statement is witnessed as ... |
Affidavit | Definition | Definition
An affidavit is typically defined as a written declaration or statement that is sworn or affirmed before a person who has authority to administer an oath. There is no general defined form for an affidavit, although for some proceedings an affidavit must satisfy legal or statutory requirements in order to be... |
Affidavit | Worldwide | Worldwide |
Affidavit | Australia | Australia
On 2 March 2016, the High Court of Australia held that the ACT Uniform Evidence Legislation is neutral in the way sworn evidence and unsworn evidence is treated as being of equal weight. |
Affidavit | United Kingdom | United Kingdom
The term "affidavit" is used in the UK. According to the UK government website, "The affidavit can be sworn or affirmed by a solicitor, notary or commissioner for oaths (for a charge) or by an authorised member of court staff." |
Affidavit | India | India
In Indian law, although an affidavit may be taken as proof of the facts stated therein, the courts have no jurisdiction to admit evidence by way of affidavit. Affidavit is not treated as "evidence" within the meaning of Section 3 of the Evidence Act. However, it was held by the Supreme Court that an affidavit can... |
Affidavit | Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, under the Oaths Ordinance, with the exception of a court-martial, a person may submit an affidavit signed in the presence of a commissioner for oaths or a justice of the peace. |
Affidavit | Ireland | Ireland
Affidavits are made in a similar way as to England and Wales, although "make oath" is sometimes omitted. An affirmed affidavit may be substituted for an sworn affidavit in most cases for those opposed to swearing oaths. The person making the affidavit is known as the deponent and signs the affidavit. The affida... |
Affidavit | United States | United States
thumb|upright=0.9|Affidavit signed by Harriet Tubman
In American jurisprudence, under the rules for hearsay, admission of an unsupported affidavit as evidence is unusual (especially if the affiant is not available for cross-examination) with regard to material facts which may be dispositive of the matter... |
Affidavit | See also | See also
Declaration (law)
Deposition (law)
Fishman Affidavit, a well-known example of an affidavit
Performativity
Statutory declaration
Sworn declaration |
Affidavit | References | References
Category:Evidence law
Category:Legal documents
Category:Notary
Category:Oaths |
Affidavit | Table of Content | Short description, Definition, Worldwide, Australia, United Kingdom, India, Sri Lanka, Ireland, United States, See also, References |
Aries (constellation) | Short description | Aries is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere between Pisces to the west and Taurus to the east. The name Aries is Latin for ram. Its old astronomical symbol is 20px (♈︎). It is one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and rema... |
Aries (constellation) | History and mythology | History and mythology
Aries is now recognized as an official constellation, albeit as a specific region of the sky, by the International Astronomical Union. It was originally defined in ancient texts as a specific pattern of stars, and has remained a constellation since ancient times; it now includes the ancient pat... |
Aries (constellation) | In non-Western astronomy | In non-Western astronomy
In traditional Chinese astronomy, stars from Aries were used in several constellations. The brightest stars—Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Arietis—formed a constellation called 'Lou',variously translated as "bond" or "lasso" also "sickle", which was associated with the ritual sacrifice of cattle. Th... |
Aries (constellation) | Features | Features
thumb|left|256px|The constellation Aries as it can be seen with the naked eye |
Aries (constellation) | Stars | Stars |
Aries (constellation) | Bright stars | Bright stars
Aries has three prominent stars forming an asterism, designated Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Arietis by Johann Bayer. Alpha (Hamal) and Beta (Sheratan) are commonly used for navigation. There is also one other star above the fourth magnitude, 41 Arietis (Bharani). α Arietis, called Hamal, is the brightest sta... |
Aries (constellation) | Variable stars | Variable stars
Aries has its share of variable stars, including R and U Arietis, Mira-type variable stars, and T Arietis, a semi-regular variable star. R Arietis is a Mira variable star that ranges in magnitude from a minimum of 13.7 to a maximum of 7.4 with a period of 186.8 days. It is 4,080 light-years away. U Ari... |
Aries (constellation) | Deep sky objects | Deep sky objects
thumb|right|NGC 772, with a notated supernova
NGC 772 is a spiral galaxy with an integrated magnitude of 10.3, located southeast of β Arietis and 15 arcminutes west of 15 Arietis. It is a relatively bright galaxy and shows obvious nebulosity and ellipticity in an amateur telescope. It is 7.2 by 4.2 a... |
Aries (constellation) | Meteor showers | Meteor showers
Aries is home to several meteor showers. The Daytime Arietid meteor shower is one of the strongest meteor showers that occurs during the day, lasting from 22 May to 2 July. It is an annual shower associated with the Marsden group of comets that peaks on 7 June with a maximum zenithal hourly rate of 54 ... |
Aries (constellation) | Planetary systems | Planetary systems
Aries contains several stars with extrasolar planets. HIP 14810, a G5 type star, is orbited by three giant planets (those more than ten times the mass of Earth). HD 12661, like HIP 14810, is a G-type main sequence star, slightly larger than the Sun, with two orbiting planets. One planet is 2.3 times... |
Aries (constellation) | See also | See also
Aries (Chinese astronomy) |
Aries (constellation) | References | References |
Aries (constellation) | Explanatory notes | Explanatory notes |
Aries (constellation) | Citations | Citations |
Aries (constellation) | Bibliography | Bibliography
|
Aries (constellation) | Online sources | Online sources
SIMBAD
|
Aries (constellation) | External links | External links
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Aries
The clickable Aries
Star Tales – Aries
Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (medieval and early modern images of Aries)
Category:Constellations
Category:Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Category:Northern constellations |
Aries (constellation) | Table of Content | Short description, History and mythology, In non-Western astronomy, Features, Stars, Bright stars, Variable stars, Deep sky objects, Meteor showers, Planetary systems, See also, References, Explanatory notes, Citations, Bibliography, Online sources, External links |
Aquarius (constellation) | Short description | Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its old astronomical symbol is 20px (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path... |
Aquarius (constellation) | History and mythology | History and mythology
Aquarius is identified as "The Great One" in the Babylonian star catalogues and represents the god Ea himself, who is commonly depicted holding an overflowing vase. The Babylonian star-figure appears on entitlement stones and cylinder seals from the second millennium. It contained the winter sols... |
Aquarius (constellation) | Depictions | Depictions
left|thumb|upright=1.25|A representation of Aquarius printed in 1825 as part of Urania's Mirror (including a now-obsolete constellation, Ballon Aerostatique south of it)
In the first century, Ptolemy's Almagest established the common Western depiction of Aquarius. His water jar, an asterism itself, consists... |
Aquarius (constellation) | In Eastern astronomy | In Eastern astronomy
In Chinese astronomy, the stream of water flowing from the Water Jar was depicted as the "Army of Yu-Lin" (Yu-lim-kiun or Yulinjun, Hanzi: 羽林君). The name "Yu-lin" means "feathers and forests", referring to the numerous light-footed soldiers from the northern reaches of the empire represented by the... |
Aquarius (constellation) | Features | Features |
Aquarius (constellation) | Stars | Stars
thumb|The constellation Aquarius as it can be seen by the naked eye
Despite both its prominent position on the zodiac and its large size, Aquarius has no particularly bright stars, its four brightest stars being less bright than (The Apparent Magnitude scale is reverse logarithmic, with increasingly bright obje... |
Aquarius (constellation) | Planetary systems | Planetary systems
Twelve exoplanet systems have been found in Aquarius as of 2013. Gliese 876, one of the nearest stars to Earth at a distance of 15 light-years, was the first red dwarf star to be found to possess a planetary system. It is orbited by four planets, including one terrestrial planet 6.6 times the mass of ... |
Aquarius (constellation) | Deep sky objects | Deep sky objects
thumb|The green bean galaxy J2240 lies in the constellation of Aquarius
Because of its position away from the galactic plane, the majority of deep-sky objects in Aquarius are galaxies, globular clusters, and planetary nebulae. Aquarius contains three deep sky objects that are in the Messier catalog: t... |
Aquarius (constellation) | Meteor showers | Meteor showers
There are three major meteor showers with radiants in Aquarius: the Eta Aquariids, the Delta Aquariids, and the Iota Aquariids.
The Eta Aquariids are the strongest meteor shower radiating from Aquarius. It peaks between 5 and 6 May with a rate of approximately 35 meteors per hour. Originally discovered ... |
Aquarius (constellation) | Astrology | Astrology
, the Sun appears in the constellation Aquarius from 16 February to 12 March. In tropical astrology, the Sun is considered to be in the sign Aquarius from 20 January to 19 February, and in sidereal astrology, from 15 February to 14 March.
Aquarius is also associated with the Age of Aquarius, a concept popul... |
Aquarius (constellation) | Notes | Notes |
Aquarius (constellation) | See also | See also
Aquarius (Chinese astronomy) |
Aquarius (constellation) | References | References
|
Aquarius (constellation) | External links | External links
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Aquarius
The clickable Aquarius
Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (medieval and early modern images of Aquarius)
Category:Constellations
Category:Equatorial constellations
Category:Constellations listed by Ptolemy |
Aquarius (constellation) | Table of Content | Short description, History and mythology, Depictions, In Eastern astronomy, Features, Stars, Planetary systems, Deep sky objects, Meteor showers, Astrology, Notes, See also, References, External links |
Anime | Short description | is a hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside Japan and in English, anime refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, , in Japan and in Japanese, describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. Many works of animation with a similar style to Japanese ani... |
Anime | Etymology | Etymology
As a type of animation, anime is an art form that comprises many genres found in other mediums; it is sometimes mistakenly classified as a genre itself. In Japanese, the term anime is used to refer to all animated works, regardless of style or origin. English-language dictionaries typically define anime () ... |
Anime | History | History |
Anime | Precursors | Precursors
and shadow plays (kage-e) are considered precursors of Japanese animation. was common in the eleventh century. Traveling storytellers narrated legends and anecdotes while the was unrolled from the right to left in chronological order, as a moving panorama. Kage-e was popular during the Edo period and or... |
Anime | Pioneers | Pioneers
thumb|right|Namakura Gatana (1917), the oldest surviving Japanese animated short film made for cinemas
Animation in Japan began in the early 20th century, when filmmakers started to experiment with techniques pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia. A claim for the earliest Japanese anim... |
Anime | Modern era | Modern era
thumb|left|Frame from the opening sequence of Tezuka's 1963 TV series Astro Boy
In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified Disney animation techniques to reduce costs and limit frame counts in his productions. Originally intended as temporary measures to allow him to produce... |
Anime | Attributes | Attributes
thumb|upright=1.5|Anime artists employ many distinct visual styles.Clockwise from the top left: Dead Leaves, Flag, Serial Experiments Lain, Monster, Mind Game, Lucky Star, Cat Soup, and Gurren Lagann.
Anime differs from other forms of animation by its art styles, methods of animation, its production, and ... |
Anime | Technique | Technique
Modern anime follows a typical animation production process, involving storyboarding, voice acting, character design, and cel production. Since the 1990s, animators have increasingly used computer animation to improve the efficiency of the production process. Early anime works were experimental, and consist... |
Anime | Characters | Characters
thumb|left|Anime character design is diverse, but often incorporates common elements depending on the target demographic and era. These are representative samples. Clockwise from the top left: Ashita no Joe (1970), Macross: Do You Remember Love? (1984), Ghost in the Shell (1995), K-On! (2009), Your Name (2... |
Anime | Music | Music
thumb|250px|An example of a 2022 anime video with music
The opening and credits sequences of most anime television series are accompanied by J-pop or J-rock songs, often by reputed bands—as written with the series in mind—but are also aimed at the general music market, therefore they often allude only vaguely ... |
Anime | Genres | Genres
Anime are often classified by target demographic, including , , , , and a diverse range of genres targeting an adult audience. Shōjo and shōnen anime sometimes contain elements popular with children of all genders in an attempt to gain crossover appeal. Adult anime may feature a slower pace or greater plot co... |
Anime | Formats | Formats
Early anime works were made for theatrical viewing, and required played musical components before sound and vocal components were added to the production. In 1958, Nippon Television aired Mogura no Abanchūru ("Mole's Adventure"), both the first televised and first color anime to debut. It was not until the 19... |
Anime | Industry | Industry
upright=1.15|thumb|Akihabara district of Tokyo is popular with anime and manga fans as well as otaku subculture in Japan.
The animation industry consists of more than 430 production companies with some of the major studios including Toei Animation, Gainax, Madhouse, Gonzo, Sunrise, Bones, TMS Entertainment... |
Anime | Markets | Markets
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) valued the domestic anime market in Japan at (), including from licensed products, in 2005. JETRO reported sales of overseas anime exports in 2004 to be (). JETRO valued the anime market in the United States at (), including in home video sales and over from lic... |
Anime | Awards | Awards
The anime industry has several annual awards that honor the year's best works. Major annual awards in Japan include the Ōfuji Noburō Award, the Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film, the Animation Kobe Awards, the Japan Media Arts Festival animation awards, the Seiyu Awards for voice actors, the Tokyo An... |
Anime | Working conditions | Working conditions
In recent years, the anime industry has been accused by both Japanese and foreign media of underpaying and overworking its animators. In response the Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida promised to improve the working conditions and salary of all animators and creators working in the industry. A ... |
Anime | Global popularity and cultural impact | Global popularity and cultural impact
thumb|300x300px|Anime Expo in Los Angeles, California, United States – one of the largest fan conventions in the Western world.
Anime has become commercially profitable in the Western world, as demonstrated by early commercially successful Western adaptations of anime, such as A... |
Anime | Fan response | Fan response
thumb|Cosplay of Madoka Kaname and Kyubey from Puella Magi Madoka Magica during Tracon 2013 event at the Tampere Hall in Tampere, Finland
Anime clubs gave rise to anime conventions in the 1990s with the "anime boom", a period marked by anime's increased global popularity. These conventions are dedicat... |
Anime | Anime style | Anime style
One of the key points that differentiated anime from a handful of Western cartoons is the potential for visceral content. Once the expectation that the aspects of visual intrigue or animation are just for children is put aside, the audience can realize that themes involving violence, suffering, sexuality... |
Anime | Media franchises | Media franchises
thumb|Pokémon Center at Jewel Changi Airport in Singapore
In Japanese culture and entertainment, media mix is a strategy to disperse content across multiple representations: different broadcast media, gaming technologies, cell phones, toys, amusement parks, and other methods.Henry Jenkins, Converge... |
Anime | See also | See also
Cool Japan
Hentai
History of anime
Japanese popular culture
Japanophilia
Lists of anime
La nouvelle manga
Manfra
Mechademia
OEL manga
Otaku
Soft power § Japan
Television in Japan
Video games in Japan
Voice acting in Japan
Vtuber |
Anime | Notes | Notes |
Anime | References | References |
Anime | Sources | Sources
Category:1917 introductions
Category:Anime and manga terminology
Category:Japanese inventions |
Anime | Table of Content | Short description, Etymology, History, Precursors, Pioneers, Modern era, Attributes, Technique, Characters, Music, Genres, Formats, Industry, Markets, Awards, Working conditions, Global popularity and cultural impact, Fan response, Anime style, Media franchises, See also, Notes, References, Sources |
Asterism | Wiktionary | Asterism may refer to:
Asterism (astronomy), a pattern of stars
Asterism (band), a Japanese rock band
Asterism (gemology), an optical phenomenon in gemstones
Asterism (typography), (⁂) a moderately rare typographical symbol denoting a break in passages |