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Asterism | See also | See also
Aster (disambiguation)
Asterisk (disambiguation) |
Asterism | Table of Content | Wiktionary, See also |
Ankara | short description | Ankara is the capital city of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center (Etimesgut, Yenimahalle, Cankaya, Kecioren, Altindag, Pursaklar, Akyurt, Mamak, Cankaya, Golbasi, Sincan) and 5,864,049 in Ankara Province. Ankara is Turkey's second-largest city by ... |
Ankara | Etymology | Etymology
The orthography of the name Ankara has varied over the ages. It has been identified with the Hittite cult center , although this remains a matter of debate.Gorny, Ronald L. "Zippalanda and Ankuwa: The Geography of Central Anatolia in the Second Millennium B.C." The Journal of the American Oriental Society. ... |
Ankara | History | History
The region's history can be traced back to the Bronze Age Hattic civilization, which was succeeded in the 2nd millennium BC by the Hittites, in the 10th century BC by the Phrygians, and later by the Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Galatians, Romans, Byzantines, and Turks (the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, the Ottoman ... |
Ankara | Ancient history | Ancient history
The oldest settlements in and around the city center of Ankara belonged to the Hattic civilization which existed during the Bronze Age and was gradually absorbed c. 2000 – 1700 BC by the Indo-European Hittites. The city grew significantly in size and importance under the Phrygians starting around 1000 B... |
Ankara | Celtic history | Celtic history
thumb|right|The Dying Galatian was a famous statue commissioned some time between 230 and 220 BC by King Attalos I of Pergamon to honor his victory over the Celtic Galatians in Anatolia. Roman marble copy of a Hellenistic work of the late 3rd century BC, at the Capitoline Museums, Rome.
In 278 BC, the c... |
Ankara | Roman history | Roman history
The city was subsequently passed under the control of the Roman Empire. In 25 BC, Emperor Augustus raised it to the status of a polis and made it the capital city of the Roman province of Galatia. Ankara is famous for the Monumentum Ancyranum (Temple of Augustus and Rome) which contains the official recor... |
Ankara | Byzantine history | Byzantine history
thumb|The Column of Julian (362) was erected in honor of the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate's visit to Ancyra.|281x281px
The city is well known during the 4th century as a center of Christian activity (see also below), due to frequent imperial visits, and through the letters of the pagan scholar L... |
Ankara | Ecclesiastical history | Ecclesiastical history
thumb|160px|St. Theodotus of Ancyra
Early Christian martyrs of Ancyra, about whom little is known, included Proklos and Hilarios who were natives of the otherwise unknown nearby village of Kallippi, and suffered repression under the emperor Trajan (98–117). In the 280s we hear of Philumenos, a... |
Ankara | Seljuk and Ottoman history | Seljuk and Ottoman history
thumb|Ottoman houses in Hamamönü district
After the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Seljuk Turks overran much of Anatolia. By 1073, the Turkish settlers had reached the vicinity of Ancyra, and the city was captured shortly after, at the latest by the time of the rebellion of Nikephoros Me... |
Ankara | Turkish republican capital | Turkish republican capital
thumb|President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (center) and Prime Minister İsmet İnönü (left) leaving the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye during the 7th anniversary celebrations of the Turkish Republic in 1930
Following the Ottoman defeat in World War I, the Ottoman capital Constantinople (moder... |
Ankara | Geography | Geography
Geographically, Ankara is located in between the Kızılırmak and Sakarya rivers, and the Sakarya River forms its border with Eskişehir in the west. Ankara shares its borders with Bolu and Çankırı in the north; Konya in the south and Kırıkkale in the east.
Ankara and its province are located in the Central ... |
Ankara | Climate | Climate
Ankara has a cold semi-arid climate under the Köppen climate classification (BSk), while under the Trewartha climate classification, the city is classified as humid continental (Dc). Due to its elevation and inland location, Ankara has cold and snowy winters, and hot and dry summers. Rainfall occurs mostly du... |
Ankara | Demographics | Demographics
thumb|right|Ankara metropolitan area
Ankara had a population of 75,000 in 1927. There were 74,632 male residents and 48,882 female residents in Ankara according to the 1935 census. As of 2022, the population of the Ankara Province was 5,782,285. When Ankara became the capital of the Republic of Turkey ... |
Ankara | Economy and infrastructure | Economy and infrastructure
thumb|250px|YDA Center in Söğütözü, Ankara
Ankara has long been a productive agricultural region in Anatolia. In the Ottoman period, Ankara was well known for producing grain, cotton, and fruits.
The city has exported mohair (from the Angora goat) and Angora wool (from the Angora rabbit) ... |
Ankara | Transportation | Transportation
thumb|Ankara railway station is a hub for conventional trains.
thumb|The new ATG terminal is a hub for the high-speed rail (YHT) services.
The Electricity, Gas, Bus General Directorate (EGO) operates the Ankara Metro and other forms of public transportation. Ankara is served by a suburban rail named Ba... |
Ankara | Ankara public transportation statistics | Ankara public transportation statistics
The average amount of time people spend commuting on public transit in Ankara on a weekday is 71 minutes. 17% of public transit passengers, ride for more than two hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is sixteen minutes, w... |
Ankara | Politics | Politics
alt=|right|175x175px
thumb|left|upright|Mansur Yavaş of the CHP is the Mayor of Ankara.
Since 8 April 2019, the mayor of Ankara is Mansur Yavaş from the Republican People's Party (CHP), who won the mayoral election in 2019 and 2024.
Ankara is politically a triple battleground between the ruling conservat... |
Ankara | Main sights | Main sights |
Ankara | Ancient/archeological sites | Ancient/archeological sites
thumb|Ankara castle and citadel
thumb|Theatre of Ancyra
thumb|At the Monumentum Ancyranum (Temple of Augustus and Rome) in Ulus, the primary intact copy of Res Gestae written by the first Roman emperor Augustus survives.
thumb|Roman Baths of Ankara |
Ankara | Ankara Citadel | Ankara Citadel
The foundations of the Ankara castle and citadel were laid by the Galatians on a prominent lava outcrop (), and the rest was completed by the Romans. The Byzantines and Seljuks further made restorations and additions. The area around and inside the citadel, being the oldest part of Ankara, contains many ... |
Ankara | Roman Theater | Roman Theater
The remains, the stage, and the backstage of the Antique Rome theatre of Ankara can be seen outside the castle. Roman statues that were found here are exhibited in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. The seating area is still under excavation. |
Ankara | Temple of Augustus and Rome | Temple of Augustus and Rome
The Augusteum, now known as the Temple of Augustus and Rome, was built 25 20 BC following the conquest of Central Anatolia by the Roman Empire. Ancyra then formed the capital of the new province of Galatia. After the death of Augustus in AD 14, a copy of the text of the Res Gestae Divi Aug... |
Ankara | Roman Baths | Roman Baths
The Roman Baths of Ankara have all the typical features of a classical Roman bath complex: a frigidarium (cold room), a tepidarium (warm room) and a caldarium (hot room). The baths were built during the reign of the Roman emperor Caracalla in the early 3rd century to honor Asclepios, the God of Medicine. To... |
Ankara | Roman Road | Roman Road
The Roman Road of Ankara or Cardo Maximus was found in 1995 by Turkish archeologist Cevdet Bayburtluoğlu. It is long and wide. Many ancient artifacts were discovered during the excavations along the road and most of them are displayed at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. |
Ankara | Column of Julian | Column of Julian
The Column of Julian or Julianus, now in the Ulus district, was erected in honor of the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate's visit to Ancyra in 362. |
Ankara | Mosques | Mosques |
Ankara | Kocatepe Mosque | Kocatepe Mosque
Kocatepe Mosque is the largest mosque in the city. Located in the Kocatepe quarter, it was constructed between 1967 and 1987 in classical Ottoman style with four minarets. Its size and prominent location have made it a landmark for the city. |
Ankara | Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Mosque | Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Mosque
Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Mosque is located near the Presidency of Religious Affairs on the Eskişehir Road. Built in the Turkish neoclassical style, it is one of the largest new mosques in the city, completed and opened in 2013. It can accommodate 6 thousand people during general prayers, and up to 3... |
Ankara | Yeni (Cenab Ahmet) Mosque | Yeni (Cenab Ahmet) Mosque
It is the largest Ottoman mosque in Ankara and was built by the famous architect Sinan in the 16th century. The mimber (pulpit) and mihrap (prayer niche) are of white marble, and the mosque itself is of Ankara stone, an example of very fine workmanship. |
Ankara | Hacı Bayram Mosque | Hacı Bayram Mosque
thumb|Hacı Bayram Mosque (1428)
This mosque, in the Ulus quarter next to the Temple of Augustus, was built in the early 15th century in Seljuk style by an unknown architect. It was subsequently restored by architect Mimar Sinan in the 16th century, with Kütahya tiles being added in the 18th century. ... |
Ankara | Ahi Elvan Mosque | Ahi Elvan Mosque
It was founded in the Ulus quarter near the Ankara Citadel and was constructed by the Ahi fraternity during the late 14th and early 15th centuries. The finely carved walnut mimber (pulpit) is of particular interest. |
Ankara | Alâeddin Mosque | Alâeddin Mosque
The Alâeddin Mosque is the oldest mosque in Ankara. It has a carved walnut mimber, the inscription on which records that the mosque was completed in early AH 574 (which corresponds to the summer of 1178 AD) and was built by the Seljuk prince Muhiddin Mesud Şah (died 1204), the Bey of Ankara, who was the... |
Ankara | Modern monuments | Modern monuments
There are at least 50 monuments and reliefs throughout the city. Some notables are; |
Ankara | Victory Monument | Victory Monument
The Victory Monument (Turkish: Zafer Anıtı) was crafted by Austrian sculptor Heinrich Krippel in 1925 and was erected in 1927 at Ulus Square. The monument is made of marble and bronze and features an equestrian statue of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who wears a Republic era modern military uniform, with the... |
Ankara | Statue of Atatürk | Statue of Atatürk
Located at Zafer(Victory) Square (Turkish: Zafer Meydanı), the marble and bronze statue was crafted by the Italian sculptor Pietro Canonica in 1927 and depicts a standing Atatürk who wears a Republic era modern military uniform, with the rank Field Marshal. |
Ankara | Monument of Security | Monument of Security
The Security Monument, located in Güvenpark near Kızılay Square, was erected in 1935 and bears Atatürk's advice to his people: "Turk! Be proud, work hard, and believe in yourself." (There is debate on whether or not Atatürk actually said "Use your mind"(Turkish: öğün) instead of "Be proud"(Turkish:... |
Ankara | Hatti Monument | Hatti Monument
Erected in 1978 at Sıhhiye Square, this impressive monument symbolizes the Hatti Sun Disc (which was later adopted by the Hittites) and commemorates Anatolia's earliest known civilization. The Hatti Sun Disc has been used in the previous logo of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. It was also used in the p... |
Ankara | Korean War Monument | Korean War Monument
The Monument to Turkish Soldiers Fighting in Korea opened in 1973 to commemorate the veterans and martyrs of the Turkish Brigade. |
Ankara | Inns | Inns |
Ankara | Suluhan | Suluhan
thumb|Çengelhan Rahmi M. Koç Museum's courtyard has been covered with a glass roof.
Suluhan is a historical Inn in Ankara. It is also called the Hasanpaşa Han. It is about southeast of Ulus Square and situated in the Hacıdoğan neighborhood. According to the vakfiye (inscription) of the building, the Ottoman er... |
Ankara | Çengelhan Rahmi M. Koç Museum | Çengelhan Rahmi M. Koç Museum
Çengelhan Rahmi M. Koç Museum is a museum of industrial technology situated in Çengel Han, an Ottoman era Inn which was completed in 1523, during the early years of the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. The exhibits include industrial/technological artifacts from the 1850s onwards.... |
Ankara | Shopping | Shopping
thumb|Armada Shopping Mall
Foreign visitors to Ankara usually like to visit the old shops in Çıkrıkçılar Yokuşu (Weavers' Road) near Ulus, where myriad things ranging from traditional fabrics, hand-woven carpets and leather products can be found at bargain prices. Bakırcılar Çarşısı (Bazaar of Coppersmiths) ... |
Ankara | Culture | Culture |
Ankara | The arts | The arts
thumb|250px|Ankara Opera House of the Turkish State Opera and Ballet (1933)
thumb|upright|CSO Ada Ankara serves as the Presidential Symphony Orchestra Concert Hall.
Turkish State Opera and Ballet, the national directorate of opera and ballet companies of Turkey, has its headquarters in Ankara, and serves th... |
Ankara | Music | Music
Ankara is host to five classical music orchestras:
Presidential Symphony Orchestra (Turkish Presidential Symphony Orchestra)
Bilkent Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is a major symphony orchestra of Turkey.
Hacettepe Symphony Orchestra was founded in 2003 and directed by Erol Erdinç
Başkent Oda Orkestrası (Chamber Or... |
Ankara | Theater | Theater
The Turkish State Theatres also has its head office in Ankara and runs the following stages in the city:
125. Yıl Çayyolu Sahnesi
Büyük Tiyatro,
Küçük Tiyatro,
Şinasi Sahnesi,
Akün Sahnesi,
Altındağ Tiyatrosu,
İrfan Şahinbaş Atölye Sahnesi,
Oda Tiyatrosu,
Mahir Canova Sahnesi,
Muhsin Ertuğrul Sahnesi.
In a... |
Ankara | Museums | Museums
There are about 50 museums in the city. Some notables include; |
Ankara | Museum of Anatolian Civilizations | Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi) is situated at the entrance of the Ankara Castle. It is an old 15th century bedesten (covered bazaar) that has been restored and now houses a collection of Paleolithic, Neolithic, Hatti, Hittite, Phrygian, Urartian an... |
Ankara | Anıtkabir | Anıtkabir
thumb|Atatürk's Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic of Turkey.
Anıtkabir is located on an imposing hill, which forms the Anıttepe quarter of the city, where the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic of Turkey, stands. Completed in 1953, it is a ... |
Ankara | Ankara Aviation Museum | Ankara Aviation Museum
Ankara Aviation Museum (Hava Kuvvetleri Müzesi Komutanlığı) is located near the Istanbul Road in Etimesgut. The museum opened to the public in September 1998. It is home to various missiles, avionics, aviation materials and aircraft that have served in the Turkish Air Force (e.g. combat aircraft ... |
Ankara | Cer Modern | Cer Modern
Cer Modern is the modern-arts museum of Ankara, inaugurated on 1 April 2010. It is situated in the renovated building of the historic TCDD Cer Atölyeleri, formerly a workshop of the Turkish State Railways. The museum incorporates the largest exhibition hall in Turkey. The museum holds periodic exhibitions of... |
Ankara | Ankara Ethnography Museum | Ankara Ethnography Museum
thumb|Ethnography Museum of Ankara
Ankara Ethnography Museum (Etnoğrafya Müzesi) is located opposite to the Ankara Opera House on Talat Paşa Boulevard, in the Ulus district. There is a fine collection of folkloric items, as well as artifacts from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. In front of the... |
Ankara | Mehmet Akif Literature Museum Library | Mehmet Akif Literature Museum Library
The Mehmet Akif Literature Museum Library is an important literary museum and archive opened in 2011 and dedicated to Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873–1936), the poet of the Turkish National Anthem. |
Ankara | METU Science and Technology Museum / Archaeology Museum | METU Science and Technology Museum / Archaeology Museum
Both the METU Science and Technology Museum (ODTÜ Bilim ve Teknoloji Müzesi) and the Archaeology Museum (ODTÜ Arkeoloji Müzesi) are located inside the Middle East Technical University campus. |
Ankara | Republic & War of Independence Museum | Republic & War of Independence Museum
thumb|The War of Independence Museum, used as the first Turkish Grand National Assembly building
Both the Republic Museum and War of Independence Museum are located on Ulus Square. They were originally the first and second Parliament building (TBMM) of the Republic of Turkey, respe... |
Ankara | State Art and Sculpture Museum | State Art and Sculpture Museum
thumb|State Art and Sculpture Museum
The State Art and Sculpture Museum (Resim-Heykel Müzesi) which opened to the public in 1980 is close to the Ethnography Museum and houses a rich collection of Turkish art from the late 19th century to the present day. There are also galleries which hos... |
Ankara | TCDD Open Air Steam Locomotive Museum | TCDD Open Air Steam Locomotive Museum
The TCDD Open Air Steam Locomotive Museum is an open-air museum which traces the history of steam locomotives. |
Ankara | Sports | Sports
thumb|Ankara Arena
As with all other cities of Turkey, football is the most popular sport in Ankara. The city currently has three football clubs competing in the second tier of Turkish football, the TFF First League: Ankaragücü, Gençlerbirliği and Ankara Keçiörengücü. Ankaragücü, founded in 1910, is the oldes... |
Ankara | Parks | Parks
thumb|right|Seğmenler Park
thumb|right|Göksu Park
Ankara has many parks and open spaces mainly established in the early years of the Republic and well maintained and expanded thereafter. The most important of these parks are: Gençlik Parkı (houses an amusement park with a large pond for rowing), the Botanical ... |
Ankara | Education | Education |
Ankara | Universities | Universities
Ankara is noted, within Turkey, for the multitude of universities it is home to. These include the following, several of them being among the most reputable in the country:
Ankara University
Atılım University
Başkent University
Bilkent University
Çankaya University
Gazi University
Gülhane Military Medical... |
Ankara | Fauna | Fauna |
Ankara | Angora cat | Angora cat
thumb|180px|Angora cat with odd eyes (heterochromia), which is common among the Angoras
Ankara is home to a world-famous domestic cat breed – the Turkish Angora, called Ankara kedisi (Ankara cat) in Turkish. Turkish Angoras are one of the ancient, naturally occurring cat breeds, having originated in Ankara... |
Ankara | Angora goat | Angora goat
thumb|180px|Angora goat
The Angora goat () is a breed of domestic goat that originated in Ankara and its surrounding region in central Anatolia.
This breed was first mentioned in the time of Moses, roughly in 1500 BC. The first Angora goats were brought to Europe by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, about 1... |
Ankara | Angora rabbit | Angora rabbit
thumb|180px|Angora rabbit
The Angora rabbit () is a variety of domestic rabbit bred for its long, soft hair. The Angora is one of the oldest types of domestic rabbit, originating in Ankara and its surrounding region in central Anatolia, along with the Angora cat and Angora goat. The rabbits were popular... |
Ankara | International relations | International relations |
Ankara | Twin towns and sister cities | Twin towns and sister cities
Ankara is twinned with:
Seoul, South Korea (since 1971)
Islamabad, Pakistan (since 1982)
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (since 1984)
Beijing, China (since 1990)
Amman, Jordan (since 1992)
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (since 1992)
Budapest, Hungary (since 1992)
Khartoum, Sudan (since 1992)
Moscow... |
Ankara | Partner cities | Partner cities
Skopje, North Macedonia (since 1995)
Vienna, Austria |
Ankara | List of notable people | List of notable people |
Ankara | See also | See also
Ankara Agreement
ATO Congresium
Battle of Ancyra
Battle of Ankara
List of bridges in Ankara
List of hospitals in Ankara Province
List of libraries in Ankara
List of tallest buildings in Ankara
Synod of Ancyra
Treaty of Ankara (disambiguation)
Victory Monument (Ankara) |
Ankara | Notes | Notes |
Ankara | References | References |
Ankara | Sources | Sources
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Ankara | Attribution | Attribution |
Ankara | Further reading | Further reading |
Ankara | External links | External links
Governorate of Ankara
Municipality of Ankara
GCatholic – (former and) Latin titular see
GCatholic – former and titular Armenian Catholic see
Ankara Development Agency
Esenboğa International Airport
Category:Capitals in Europe
Category:Capitals in Asia
Category:Populated places in Ankara Pro... |
Ankara | Table of Content | short description, Etymology, History, Ancient history, Celtic history, Roman history, Byzantine history, Ecclesiastical history, Seljuk and Ottoman history, Turkish republican capital, Geography, Climate, Demographics, Economy and infrastructure, Transportation, Ankara public transportation statistics, Politics, Main ... |
Arabic | Short description | Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The ISO assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exi... |
Arabic | Classification | Classification
Arabic is usually classified as a Central Semitic language. Linguists still differ as to the best classification of Semitic language sub-groups. The Semitic languages changed between Proto-Semitic and the emergence of Central Semitic languages, particularly in grammar. Innovations of the Central Semit... |
Arabic | History | History |
Arabic | Old Arabic | Old Arabic
Arabia had a wide variety of Semitic languages in antiquity. The term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. In the southwest, various Central Semitic languages both belonging to and outside the Ancient South Arabian fa... |
Arabic | Classical Arabic | Classical Arabic
In late pre-Islamic times, a transdialectal and transcommunal variety of Arabic emerged in the Hejaz, which continued living its parallel life after literary Arabic had been institutionally standardized in the 2nd and 3rd century of the Hijra, most strongly in Judeo-Christian texts, keeping alive anci... |
Arabic | Standardization | Standardization
Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali (–689) is credited with standardizing Arabic grammar, or an-naḥw ( "the way"), and pioneering a system of diacritics to differentiate consonants ( nuqaṭu‿l-i'jām "pointing for non-Arabs") and indicate vocalization ( at-tashkīl). Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (718–786) compiled... |
Arabic | Spread | Spread
Arabic spread with the spread of Islam. Following the early Muslim conquests, Arabic gained vocabulary from Middle Persian and Turkish. In the early Abbasid period, many Classical Greek terms entered Arabic through translations carried out at Baghdad's House of Wisdom.
By the 8th century, knowledge of Classi... |
Arabic | Development | Development
Ibn Jinni of Mosul, a pioneer in phonology, wrote prolifically in the 10th century on Arabic morphology and phonology in works such as Kitāb Al-Munṣif, Kitāb Al-Muḥtasab, and .Bernards, Monique, "Ibn Jinnī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawa... |
Arabic | Neo-Arabic | Neo-Arabic
Charles Ferguson's koine theory claims that the modern Arabic dialects collectively descend from a single military koine that sprang up during the Islamic conquests; this view has been challenged in recent times. Ahmad al-Jallad proposes that there were at least two considerably distinct types of Arabic on... |
Arabic | Nahda | Nahda
The Nahda was a cultural and especially literary renaissance of the 19th century in which writers sought "to fuse Arabic and European forms of expression." According to James L. Gelvin, "Nahda writers attempted to simplify the Arabic language and script so that it might be accessible to a wider audience."
In t... |
Arabic | Classical, Modern Standard and spoken Arabic | Classical, Modern Standard and spoken Arabic
Arabic usually refers to Standard Arabic, which Western linguists divide into Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. It could also refer to any of a variety of regional vernacular Arabic dialects, which are not necessarily mutually intelligible.250px|thumb|alt=|Safai... |
Arabic | Status and usage | Status and usage |
Arabic | Diglossia | Diglossia
The sociolinguistic situation of Arabic in modern times provides a prime example of the linguistic phenomenon of diglossia, which is the normal use of two separate varieties of the same language, usually in different social situations. Tawleed is the process of giving a new shade of meaning to an old classi... |
Arabic | Status in the Arab world vis-à-vis other languages | Status in the Arab world vis-à-vis other languages
With the sole example of Medieval linguist Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati – who, while a scholar of the Arabic language, was not ethnically Arab – Medieval scholars of the Arabic language made no efforts at studying comparative linguistics, considering all other languages in... |
Arabic | As a foreign language | As a foreign language
Arabic has been taught worldwide in many elementary and secondary schools, especially Muslim schools. Universities around the world have classes that teach Arabic as part of their foreign languages, Middle Eastern studies, and religious studies courses. Arabic language schools exist to assist st... |
Arabic | Vocabulary | Vocabulary |
Arabic | Lexicography | Lexicography |
Arabic | Pre-modern Arabic lexicography | Pre-modern Arabic lexicography
The tradition of Arabic lexicography extended for about a millennium before the modern period. Early lexicographers ( lughawiyyūn) sought to explain words in the Quran that were unfamiliar or had a particular contextual meaning, and to identify words of non-Arabic origin that appear in ... |
Arabic | Western lexicography of Arabic | Western lexicography of Arabic
In the second half of the 19th century, the British Arabist Edward William Lane, working with the Egyptian scholar , compiled the Arabic–English Lexicon by translating material from earlier Arabic lexica into English. The German Arabist Hans Wehr, with contributions from Hedwig Klein, c... |
Arabic | Modern Arabic lexicography | Modern Arabic lexicography
The Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo sought to publish a historical dictionary of Arabic in the vein of the Oxford English Dictionary, tracing the changes of meanings and uses of Arabic words over time. A first volume of Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr was published in 1956 under the leadership o... |
Arabic | Loanwords | Loanwords
thumb|The Qur'an has served and continues to serve as a fundamental reference for Arabic. (Maghrebi Kufic script, Blue Qur'an, 9th–10th century.)
The most important sources of borrowings into (pre-Islamic) Arabic are from the related (Semitic) languages Aramaic,See the seminal study by Siegmund Fraenkel, Di... |