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Museum of Work
External links
External links Arbetetsmuseum Official site Category:Museums in Östergötland County Category:Buildings and structures in Norrköping Category:Industry museums in Sweden Category:Cultural heritage of Sweden
Museum of Work
Table of Content
Short description, Overview, Exhibitions, The history of Alva, Industriland, Framtidsland (Future country), EWK – The Center for Political Illustration Art, See also, References, External links
Audi
Short description
Audi AG () is a German automotive manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. A subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group, Audi produces vehicles in nine production facilities worldwide. The origins of the company are complex, dating back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprise...
Audi
History
History
Audi
Birth of the company and its name
Birth of the company and its name Automobile company Wanderer was originally established in 1885, later becoming a branch of Audi AG. Another company, NSU, which also later merged into Audi, was founded during this time, and later supplied the chassis for Gottlieb Daimler's four-wheeler. On 14 November 1899, August Ho...
Audi
The merger of the four companies under the logo of four rings
The merger of the four companies under the logo of four rings In August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority of shares in Audiwerke AG.Audi chronicle 1930–1944. Audi.com In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains of the U.S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, inclu...
Audi
World War II
World War II Richard Bruhn, a Nazi party member, was Auto Union's chairman of the board from 1932 to 1945 and then again after the war when the company was reestablished. In 2014 Audi became the last major German car company, after Volkswagen, BMW and Daimler, to commission a study of their wartime activities.Audi's Na...
Audi
Post-World War II
Post-World War II thumb|IFA F9 With no prospect of continuing production in Soviet-controlled East Germany, Auto Union executives began the process of relocating what was left of the company to West Germany. A site was chosen in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, to start a spare parts operation in late 1945, which would eventually ...
Audi
New Auto Union unit
New Auto Union unit A new West German headquartered Auto Union was launched in Ingolstadt with loans from the Bavarian state government and Marshall Plan aid. The reformed company was launched 3 September 1949 and continued DKW's tradition of producing front-wheel drive vehicles with two-stroke engines. This included p...
Audi
Modern era
Modern era thumb|Participation certificate of the Audi NSU Auto Union AG, issued August 1969 The new merged company was incorporated on 1 January 1969 and was known as Audi NSU Auto Union AG, with its headquarters at NSU's Neckarsulm plant, and saw the emergence of Audi as a separate brand for the first time since the ...
Audi
Audi 5000 unintended acceleration allegations
Audi 5000 unintended acceleration allegations Sales in the United States fell after a series of recalls from 1982 to 1987 of Audi 5000 models associated with reported incidents of sudden unintended acceleration linked to six deaths and 700 accidents. At the time, NHTSA was investigating 50 car models from 20 manufactur...
Audi
Model introductions
Model introductions In the mid-to-late 1990s, Audi introduced new technologies including the use of aluminium construction. Produced from 1999 to 2005, the Audi A2 was a futuristic super mini, born from the Al2 concept, with many features that helped regain consumer confidence, like the aluminium space frame, which was...
Audi
Audi AG today
Audi AG today Audi's sales grew strongly in the 2000s, with deliveries to customers increasing from 653,000 in 2000 to 1,003,000 in 2008. The largest sales increases came from Eastern Europe (+19.3%), Africa (+17.2%) and the Middle East (+58.5%). China in particular has become a key market, representing 108,000 out of ...
Audi
Technology
Technology
Audi
Audi AI
Audi AI Audi AI is a driver assist feature offered by Audi. The company's stated intent is to offer fully autonomous driving at a future time, acknowledging that legal, regulatory and technical hurdles must be overcome to achieve this goal. On 4 June 2017, Audi stated that its new A8 will be fully self-driving for sp...
Audi
Bodyshells
Bodyshells Audi produces 100% galvanised cars to prevent corrosion,Corrosion protection. audiusa.com and was the first mass-market vehicle to do so, following introduction of the process by Porsche, c. 1975. Along with other precautionary measures, the full-body zinc coating has proved to be very effective in preventin...
Audi
Space Frame
Space Frame thumb|right|The Audi R8 uses Audi Space Frame technology. Audi introduced a new series of vehicles in the mid-1990s and continues to pursue new technology and high performance. An all-aluminium car was brought forward by Audi, and in 1994 the Audi A8 was launched, which introduced aluminium space frame tec...
Audi
Drivetrains
Drivetrains
Audi
Layout
Layout For most of its lineup (excluding the A3, A1, and TT models), Audi has not adopted the transverse engine layout which is typically found in economy cars (such as Peugeot and Citroën), since that would limit the type and power of engines that can be installed. To be able to mount powerful engines (such as a V8 en...
Audi
Engines
Engines thumb|upright|Volkswagen Group W12 engine from the Volkswagen Phaeton W12 Prior to the introduction of the Audi 80 and Audi 50 in 1972 and 1974, respectively, Audi had led the development of the EA111 and EA827 inline-four engine families. These new power units underpinned the water-cooled revival of parent c...
Audi
Fuel Stratified Injection
Fuel Stratified Injection New models of the A3, A4, A6 and A8 have been introduced, with the ageing 1.8-litre engine now having been replaced by new Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) engines. Nearly every petroleum burning model in the range now incorporates this fuel-saving technology. thumb|V8 FSI engine
Audi
Direct-Shift Gearbox
Direct-Shift Gearbox In 2003, Volkswagen introduced the Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG), a type of dual-clutch transmission. It is a type of automatic transmission, drivable like a conventional torque converter automatic transmission. Based on the gearbox found in the Group B S1, the system includes dual electro-hydraulical...
Audi
LED daytime running lights
LED daytime running lights Beginning in 2005, Audi has implemented white LED technology as daytime running lights (DRL) in their products. The distinctive shape of the DRLs has become a trademark of sorts. LEDs were first introduced on the Audi A8 W12, the world's first production car to have LED DRLs, and have since s...
Audi
Multi Media Interface
Multi Media Interface thumb|left|Multi Media Interface-Menu on Audi virtual cockpit, Audi TT Mk3 Starting with the 2003 Audi A8, Audi has used a centralised control interface for its on-board infotainment systems, called Multi Media Interface (MMI). It is essentially a rotating control knob and 'segment' buttons—design...
Audi
Synthetic fuels
Synthetic fuels Audi has assisted with technology to produce synthetic diesel from water and carbon dioxide. Audi calls the synthetic diesel E-diesel. It is also working on synthetic gasoline (which it calls E-gasoline).
Audi
Logistics
Logistics Audi uses scanning gloves for parts registration during assembly, and automatic robots to transfer cars from factory to rail cars.
Audi
Models
Models
Audi
Current model range
Current model range The following tables list Audi production vehicles that are sold as of 2025: + Audi cars A1 75px Sportback (5-door hatchback) A3 75px Saloon (sedan) Sportback (5-door hatchback) A5 75px Saloon (5-door hatchback) Avant (estate/wagon) A6 75px Saloon (sedan) Avant (estate/wagon) Allroad (cross...
Audi
S and RS models
S and RS models + S (Sport) models S3 75px Saloon (sedan) Sportback (5-door hatchback) 75px Saloon (5-door hatchback) Avant (estate/wagon) S6 75px Saloon (sedan) Avant (estate/wagon) S6 e-tron 75px Saloon (5-door hatchback) Avant (estate/wagon) S7 75px Sportback (5-door hatchback) S8 75px Saloon (sedan) 75...
Audi
Electric vehicles
Electric vehicles Audi is planning an alliance with the Japanese electronics giant Sanyo to develop a pilot hybrid electric project for the Volkswagen Group. The alliance could result in Sanyo batteries and other electronic components being used in future models of the Volkswagen Group.Audi Plans To Run On Sanyo Hybri...
Audi
Self-driving cars
Self-driving cars In December 2018, Audi announced to invest 14 billion Euro ($15.9 billion) in e-mobility, self-driving cars.
Audi
Production figures
Production figures A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Q2 Q3 Q4 e-tron Q5 Q5 e-tron Q6 Q6 e-tron Q7 Q8 e-tron / Q8 e-tron TT R8 e-tron GT 1998Volkswagen AG Annual Report 1999. (including 1998). p. 50. volkswagenag.com. — — 143,974 271,152 — 174,867 — 15,355 — — — — — — — — — — 13,682 — — 1999 — — 143,505 252,514 — 162,573 — 14,...
Audi
Motorsport
Motorsport Audi has competed in various forms of motorsports. Audi's tradition in motorsport began with their former company Auto Union in the 1930s. In the 1990s, Audi found success in the Touring and Super Touring categories of motor racing after success in circuit racing in North America.
Audi
Rallying
Rallying thumb|left|Walter Röhrl with his Quattro A2 during the 1984 Rally Portugal In 1980, Audi released the Quattro, a four-wheel drive (4WD) turbocharged car that went on to win rallies and races worldwide. It is considered one of the most significant rally cars of all time, because it was one of the first to take...
Audi
In the United States
In the United States As Audi moved away from rallying and into circuit racing, they chose to move first into America with the Trans-Am in 1988. In 1989, Audi moved to International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) GTO with the Audi 90, however as they avoided the two major endurance events (Daytona and Sebring) despite...
Audi
Touring cars
Touring cars In 1990, having completed their objective to market cars in North America, Audi returned to Europe, turning first to the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) series with the Audi V8, and then in 1993, being unwilling to build cars for the new formula, they turned their attention to the fast-growing Sup...
Audi
24 Hours of Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans thumb|Audi R10 TDI thumb|Audi R18 e-tron quattro Audi began racing prototype sportscars in 1999, debuting at the Le Mans 24 hour. Two car concepts were developed and raced in their first season - the Audi R8R (open-cockpit 'roadster' prototype) and the Audi R8C (closed-cockpit 'coupé' GT-prototype...
Audi
Results
Results Car Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 Position 4 3 1 1 4 3 3 3 1 6 3 3 Ret 1 5 2 3 4 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 Ret 1 Ret 2 1 2 1 1 4 3 3 Ret 2 Ret 3 Ret 5 4 Ret 4 17 1 Ret 5 3 Ret 7 4 Ret Ret 7 2 3
Audi
American Le Mans Series
American Le Mans Series Audi entered a factory racing team run by Joest Racing into the American Le Mans Series under the Audi Sport North America name in 2000. This was a successful operation with the team winning on its debut in the series at the 2000 12 Hours of Sebring. Factory-backed Audi R8s were the dominant car...
Audi
Results
Results Year Manufacturer Chassis Team Rd1 Rd2 Rd3 Rd4 Rd5 Rd6 Rd7 Rd8 Rd9 Rd10 Rd11 Rd12 2000 Audi R8 Audi Sport North America 2 20 3 Ret 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 4 3 2 Ret 1 4 2 2 1 15 2001 Audi R8 Audi Sport North America 1 1 1 1 1 5 Ret 2 Ret Ret 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 2002 Audi R8 Audi Sport North America 5 14 1 2 ...
Audi
European Le Mans Series
European Le Mans Series Audi participated in the 2003 1000km of Le Mans which was a one-off sports car race in preparation for the 2004 European Le Mans Series. The factory team Audi Sport UK won races and the championship in the 2004 season but Audi was unable to match their sweeping success of Audi Sport North Americ...
Audi
Results
Results Year Manufacturer Chassis Team Rd1 Rd2 Rd3 Rd4 Rd5 2003 Audi R8 Audi Sport Japan 1 2004 Audi R8 Audi Sport UK 2 1 1 Ret 1 2 3 1 Audi Sport Japan 3 4 2 2 2005 Audi R8 Team Oreca Ret 1 2 2 2008 Audi R10 Audi Sport Team Joest 5 6 4 4 1 2 2 2 3 4 2010 Audi R15 Audi Sport Team Joest 1 3 Ret 5 3 12
Audi
World Endurance Championship
World Endurance Championship
Audi
2012
2012 In 2012, the FIA sanctioned a World Endurance Championship which would be organised by the ACO as a continuation of the ILMC. Audi competed won the first WEC race at Sebring and followed this up with a further three successive wins, including the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans. Audi scored a final 5th victory in the 201...
Audi
2013
2013 As defending champions, Audi once again entered the Audi R18 e-tron quattro chassis into the 2013 WEC and the team won the first five consecutive races, including the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans. The victory at Round 5, Circuit of the Americas, was of particular significance as it marked the 100th win for Audi in Le ...
Audi
2014
2014 For the 2014 season, Audi entered a redesigned and upgraded R18 e-tron quattro which featured a 2 MJ energy recovery system. As defending champions, Audi would once again face a challenge in LMP1 from Toyota, and additionally from Porsche who returned to endurance racing after a 16-year absence. The season-opening...
Audi
2015
2015 Audi won the first two races of the season, but thereafter failed to win again, finishing second in the manufacturers' championship.
Audi
2016
2016 For the third year in a row, Audi won two races and finished second in the manufacturers' championship. Audi had left WEC after the 2016 season.
Audi
Results
Results Year Manufacturer Chassis SEB SPA LMS SIL SÃO BHR FUJ SHA 2012 Audi R18 e-tron quattro 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 173 (209) 1st Year Manufacturer Chassis SIL SPA LMS SÃO COA FUJ SHA BHR Totalpoints 2013 Audi R18 e-tron quattro 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 207 (207) 1st Year Manufacturer Chassis Car SIL SPA LMS COA FUJ SHA BHR ...
Audi
Formula E
Formula E thumb|Audi e-tron FE04 thumb|Audi e-tron FE07 Audi provided factory support to Abt Sportsline in the FIA Formula E Championship, The team competed under the title of Audi Sport Abt Formula E Team in the inaugural 2014-15 Formula E season. On 13 February 2014 the team announced its driver line up as Daniel Ab...
Audi
Formula One
Formula One Audi has been linked to Formula One in recent years but has always resisted due to the company's opinion that it is not relevant to road cars, but hybrid power unit technology has been adopted into the sport, swaying the company's view and encouraging research into the program by former Ferrari team princi...
Audi
Current factory drivers
Current factory drivers
Audi
Racecars
Racecars YearCarImageCategory1979Audi 80Group 41981Audi QuattroGroup 41983Audi Quattro A1Group BAudi 80 Quattro A2Group BAudi Quattro A2framelessGroup B1984Audi Sport Quattro S1framelessGroup B1985Audi Sport Quattro E2framelessGroup B1986Audi Sport Quattro RS 002framelessGroup S1987Audi 200 QuattroGroup AAudi Coupé Q...
Audi
Marketing
Marketing
Audi
Branding
Branding thumb|right|The logo used by Audi, 1995–2009 thumb|right|The logo used by Audi, 2009–2016 thumb|right|The typeface Audi Sans (used 1997–2009) thumb|right|The typeface Audi Type (used since 2009) The Audi emblem is four overlapping rings that represent the four marques of Auto Union. The Audi emblem symbolises ...
Audi
Slogans
Slogans Audi's corporate tagline is , meaning 'Progress through Technology'. The German-language tagline is used in many European countries, including the United Kingdom (but not in Italy, where is used), and in other markets, such as Latin America, Oceania, Africa and parts of Asia including Japan. Originally, the A...
Audi
Typography
Typography Audi Sans (based on Univers Extended) was originally created in 1997 by Ole Schäfer for MetaDesign. MetaDesign was later commissioned for a new corporate typeface called Audi Type, designed by Paul van der Laan and Pieter van Rosmalen of Bold Monday. The font began to appear in Audi's 2009 products and marke...
Audi
Sponsorships
Sponsorships thumb|left|Audi sponsors Bundesliga club Bayern Munich Audi is a strong partner of different kinds of sports. In football, long partnerships exist between Audi and domestic clubs including Bayern Munich, Hamburger SV, 1. FC Nürnberg, Hertha BSC, and Borussia Mönchengladbach and international clubs includin...
Audi
Marvel Cinematic Universe
Marvel Cinematic Universe Since the start of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Audi signed a deal to sponsor, promote and provide vehicles for several films. So far these have been, Iron Man, Iron Man 2, Iron Man 3, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Captain America: Civil War, Spider-Man: Homecoming, Avengers: Endgame and Spider-M...
Audi
Multitronic campaign
Multitronic campaign thumb|Audi Centre Sydney, Zetland, New South Wales, Australia In 2001, Audi promoted the new multitronic continuously variable transmission with television commercials throughout Europe, featuring an impersonator of musician and actor Elvis Presley. A prototypical dashboard figure—later named "Wac...
Audi
Audi TDI
Audi TDI As part of Audi's attempt to promote its Diesel technology in 2009, the company began Audi Mileage Marathon. The driving tour featured a fleet of 23 Audi TDI vehicles from 4 models (Audi Q7 3.0 TDI, Audi Q5 3.0 TDI, Audi A4 3.0 TDI, Audi A3 Sportback 2.0 TDI with S tronic transmission) travelling across the Am...
Audi
Audi e-tron
Audi e-tron The next phase of technology Audi is developing is the e-tron electric drive powertrain system. They have shown several concept cars , each with different levels of size and performance. The original e-tron concept shown at the 2009 Frankfurt motor show is based on the platform of the R8 and has been schedu...
Audi
Lawsuit on the use of the letter Q
Lawsuit on the use of the letter Q In early 2005, Nissan North America Inc. filed a lawsuit against Audi over the use of the letter "Q" as a model name. Audi is using the "Q" for the designation of their quattro four-wheel drive system, used in production cars for over twenty-five years (Audi's Quattro trademark is ...
Audi
In video games
In video games Audi has supported the European version of PlayStation Home, the PlayStation 3's online community-based service, by releasing a dedicated Home space. Audi is the first carmaker to develop such a space for Home. On 17 December 2009, Audi released two spaces; the Audi Home Terminal and the Audi Vertical Ru...
Audi
See also
See also DKW, Horch and Wanderer (company) – predecessors of Audi. Volkswagen Group – parent company of current Audi.
Audi
Notes
Notes
Audi
References
References
Audi
External links
External links Category:Car brands Category:Car manufacturers of Germany Category:Companies based in Baden-Württemberg Category:Companies based in Bavaria Category:Companies based in Ingolstadt Category:Companies formerly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established ...
Audi
Table of Content
Short description, History, Birth of the company and its name, The merger of the four companies under the logo of four rings, World War II, Post-World War II, New Auto Union unit, Modern era, Audi 5000 unintended acceleration allegations, Model introductions, Audi AG today, Technology, Audi AI, Bodyshells, Space Frame,...
Aircraft
short description
thumb|The Cessna 172 Skyhawk is the most produced aircraft in history. An aircraft (: aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or, in a few cases, direct downward thrust from its engines. ...
Aircraft
History
History thumb|alt=An illustration showcasing various 19th-century aviation prototypes and designs.|Aviation in 19th century The history of aviation spans over two millennia, from the earliest innovations like kites and attempts at tower jumping to supersonic and hypersonic flight in powered, heavier-than-air jet air...
Aircraft
Methods of lift
Methods of lift
Aircraft
Lighter-than-air
Lighter-than-air Lighter-than-air aircraft or aerostats use buoyancy to float in the air in much the same way that ships float on the water. They are characterized by one or more large cells or canopies, filled with a lifting gas such as helium, hydrogen or hot air, which is less dense than the surrounding air. Other...
Aircraft
Heavier-than-air{{Anchor
Heavier-than-air Heavier-than-air aircraft or aerodynes are denser than air and thus must find some way to obtain enough lift that can overcome the aircraft's weight. There are two ways to produce dynamic upthrust — aerodynamic lift by having air flowing past an aerofoil (such dynamic interaction of aerofoils with ai...
Aircraft
Fixed-wing Aircraft
Fixed-wing Aircraft Gliders were one of the first forms of a fixed wing aircraft. They are a special type of aircraft that doesn't require an engine. The first person to successfully build a human-carrying glider was George Cayley, who also was the first to discover the four major aerodynamic forces. The first power...
Aircraft
Rotorcraft
Rotorcraft A rotary-wing aircraft, rotorwing aircraft or rotorcraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft with rotary wings that spin around a vertical mast to generate lift. The assembly of several rotor blades mounted on a single mast is referred to as a rotor. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines...
Aircraft
Other methods of lift
Other methods of lift A lifting body is an aircraft which produces lift through the shape of its body, rather than its wings or rotors, like conventional aircraft. Lifting bodies were first experimented by NASA in the 1960s-70s, but the idea was already conceived in the 1950s. A powered lift aircraft is one which ...
Aircraft
Size and speed extremes
Size and speed extremes
Aircraft
Size
Size The largest aircraft by dimensions and volume (as of 2016) is the long British Airlander 10, a hybrid blimp, with helicopter and fixed-wing features, and reportedly capable of speeds up to , and an airborne endurance of two weeks with a payload of up to ."World's largest aircraft the Airlander makes maiden flig...
Aircraft
Speeds
Speeds The fastest fixed-wing aircraft and fastest glider, is the Space Shuttle, which re-entered the atmosphere at nearly Mach 25 or The fastest recorded powered aircraft flight and fastest recorded aircraft flight of an air-breathing powered aircraft was of the NASA X-43A Pegasus, a scramjet-powered, hypersonic,...
Aircraft
Propulsion and steering
Propulsion and steering
Aircraft
Unpowered aircraft
Unpowered aircraft The main feature of unpowered aircraft is the inability to directly provide thrust through its engines. This means that all unpowered aircraft rely on the environment for sustained flight. Gliders, for example, take advantage of their aerodynamic properties to enable them to travel long distances. ...
Aircraft
Powered aircraft
Powered aircraft A powered aircraft is an aircraft with a source of mechanical power, used to produce thrust. Such sources are generally engines, as is the case with airplanes, but can be human-powered in more extreme cases.
Aircraft
Propeller aircraft
Propeller aircraft Propeller aircraft, as their name suggests, rely on propellers to produce thrust for the airplane.thumb|A turboprop-engined DeHavilland Twin Otter adapted as a floatplane
Aircraft
Jet aircraft
Jet aircraft thumb| Lockheed Martin F-22A Raptor Compared to engines using propellers, jet engines can provide much higher thrust, higher speeds and, above about , greater efficiency.
Aircraft
Rotorcraft
Rotorcraft
Aircraft
Design and construction
Design and construction The key parts of an aircraft are generally divided into three categories: The structure ("airframe"Gove, P.B., editor: Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, 1993, Merriam-Webster, Springfield, Mass., USACrane, D., editor: Dictionary of Aeronautical ...
Aircraft
Structure
Structure
Aircraft
Aerostats
Aerostats thumb|A modern aerostat used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Tethered Aerostat Radar System (TARS) An aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft relies on buoyancy to maintain flight. Aerostats include unpowered balloons (free-flying or tethered) and powered airships. The relative density of a...
Aircraft
Aerodynes
Aerodynes thumb|Airframe diagram for an AgustaWestland AW101 helicopter
Aircraft
Power
Power The source of motive power for an aircraft is normally called the powerplant, and includes engine or motor, propeller or rotor, (if any), jet nozzles and thrust reversers (if any), and accessories essential to the functioning of the engine or motor (e.g.: starter, ignition system, intake system, exhaust system...
Aircraft
Avionics
Avionics The avionics comprise any electronic aircraft flight control systems and related equipment, including electronic cockpit instrumentation, navigation, radar, monitoring, and communications systems.
Aircraft
Flight characteristics
Flight characteristics
Aircraft
Flight envelope
Flight envelope The flight envelope of an aircraft refers to its approved design capabilities in terms of airspeed, load factor and altitude.https://web.archive.org/web/20100601204507/http://www.access.gpo.gov/ecfr/graphics/pdfs/ec28se91.001.pdf
Aircraft
Range
Range thumb|The Boeing 777-200LR is one of the longest-range airliners, capable of flights of more than halfway around the world. The maximal total range is the maximum distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing. Powered aircraft range is limited by the aviation fuel energy storage capacity (chemical o...
Aircraft
Flight dynamics
Flight dynamics thumb|Flight dynamics Flight dynamics is the science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. The three critical flight dynamics parameters are the angles of rotation in three dimensions about the vehicle's center of gravity (cg), known as pitch, roll and yaw. These are collectivel...
Aircraft
Stability
Stability thumb|The empennage of a Boeing 747-200A fixed wing is typically unstable in pitch, roll, and yaw. Pitch and yaw stabilities of conventional fixed wing designs require horizontal and vertical stabilisers,Crane, Dale: Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition, p. 194. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 199...
Aircraft
Control
Control
Aircraft
Environmental impact
Environmental impact Aircraft engines produce gases, noise, and particulates from fossil fuel combustion, raising environmental concerns over their global effects and on local air quality. Jet airliners contribute to climate change by emitting carbon dioxide (), the best understood greenhouse gas, and, with less sc...
Aircraft
Uses for aircraft
Uses for aircraft