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Apple Inc. | iPhone | iPhone
alt=|thumb|iPhone 15 (left) and iPhone 15 Pro (right)
The iPhone is Apple's line of smartphones, which run the iOS operating system. The first iPhone was unveiled by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007. Since then, new iPhone models have been released every year. When it was introduced, its multi-touch screen was d... |
Apple Inc. | iPad | iPad
The iPad is Apple's line of tablets which run iPadOS. The first-generation iPad was announced on January 27, 2010. The iPad is mainly marketed for consuming multimedia, creating art, working on documents, videoconferencing, and playing games. The iPad lineup consists of several base iPad models, and the smaller... |
Apple Inc. | Other products | Other products
Apple makes several other products that it categorizes as "Wearables, Home and Accessories". These products include the AirPods line of wireless headphones, Apple TV digital media players, Apple Watch smartwatches, Beats headphones, HomePod smart speakers, and the Vision Pro mixed reality headset. , t... |
Apple Inc. | Services | Services
Apple offers a broad line of services, including advertising in the App Store and Apple News app, the AppleCare+ extended warranty plan, the iCloud+ cloud-based data storage service, payment services through the Apple Card credit card and the Apple Pay processing platform, digital content services including ... |
Apple Inc. | Marketing | Marketing |
Apple Inc. | Branding | Branding
thumb|upright|The first official logo of Apple Inc. was used from 1977 to 1998.
According to Steve Jobs, the company's name was inspired by his visit to an apple farm while on a fruitarian diet. Apple's first logo, designed by Ron Wayne, depicts Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. It was almost imm... |
Apple Inc. | Advertising | Advertising
Apple's first slogan, "Byte into an Apple", was coined in the late 1970s. From 1997 to 2002, the slogan "Think different" was used in advertising campaigns, and is still closely associated with Apple. Apple also has slogans for specific product lines—for example, "iThink, therefore iMac" was used in 1998... |
Apple Inc. | Stores | Stores
thumb|Apple Fifth Avenue is the flagship store in New York City.
thumb|Customers visit the Genius Bar at Apple's Regent Street store in 2006.
The first Apple Stores were originally opened as two locations in May 2001 by then-CEO Steve Jobs, after years of attempting but failing store-within-a-store concepts. ... |
Apple Inc. | Market power | Market power
On March 16, 2020, France fined Apple €1.1 billion for colluding with two wholesalers to stifle competition and keep prices high by handicapping independent resellers. The arrangement created aligned prices for Apple products such as iPads and personal computers for about half the French retail market. A... |
Apple Inc. | Privacy | Privacy
thumb|PRISM is a clandestine surveillance program under which the NSA collects user data from companies like Facebook and Apple.
Apple has publicly taken a pro-privacy stance, actively making privacy-conscious features and settings part of its conferences, promotional campaigns, and public image.; ; With its... |
Apple Inc. | Corporate affairs | Corporate affairs |
Apple Inc. | Business trends | Business trends
The key trends for Apple are, as of each financial year ending September 24:
Fiscal yearRevenue figuresNon-revenue figuresTotalrevenue(US$ b)iPhonerevenue(US$ b)Macrevenue(US$ b)iPadrevenue(US$ b)Wearables, Home,and Accessoriesrevenue(US$ b)Servicesrevenue(US$ b)Net profit(US$ b)Number ofemployees(k, ... |
Apple Inc. | Leadership | Leadership |
Apple Inc. | Senior management | Senior management
, the management of Apple Inc. includes:
Tim Cook (chief executive officer)
Jeff Williams (chief operating officer)
Kevan Parekh (senior vice president and chief financial officer)
Katherine L. Adams (senior vice president and general counsel)
Eddy Cue (senior vice president – Internet Software... |
Apple Inc. | Board of directors | Board of directors
, the board of directors of Apple Inc. includes:
Arthur D. Levinson (chairman)
Tim Cook (executive director and CEO)
James A. Bell
Alex Gorsky
Andrea Jung
Monica Lozano
Ronald Sugar
Susan Wagner |
Apple Inc. | Previous CEOs | Previous CEOs
Michael Scott (1977–1981)
Mike Markkula (1981–1983)
John Sculley (1983–1993)
Michael Spindler (1993–1996)
Gil Amelio (1996–1997)
Steve Jobs (1997–2011) |
Apple Inc. | Ownership | Ownership
, the largest shareholders of Apple were:
The Vanguard Group (1,400,000,000 shares, 9.29%)
BlackRock (1,120,000,0000 shares, 7.48%)
State Street Corporation (595,500,000 shares, 3.96%)
Fidelity Investments (341,640,000 shares, 2.27%)
Geode Capital Management (340,160,000 shares, 2.26%)
Berkshire Hath... |
Apple Inc. | Corporate culture | Corporate culture
thumb|Co-founder Steve Wozniak and Macintosh engineer Andy Hertzfeld attended the Apple User Group Connection club in 1985.
upright=1.25|thumb|right|These universities produced the most alumni who became Apple employees.
Apple is one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that b... |
Apple Inc. | Offices | Offices
Apple Inc.'s world corporate headquarters are located in Cupertino, in the middle of California's Silicon Valley, at Apple Park, a massive circular groundscraper building with a circumference of . The building opened in April 2017 and houses more than 12,000 employees. Apple co-founder Steve Jobs wanted Appl... |
Apple Inc. | Litigation | Litigation
Apple has been a participant in various legal proceedings and claims since it began operation. In particular, Apple is known for and promotes itself as actively and aggressively enforcing its intellectual property interests. Some litigation examples include Apple v. Samsung, Apple v. Microsoft, Motorola M... |
Apple Inc. | Finances | Finances
, Apple is the world's largest technology company by revenue, with US$383.28 billion; the world's largest technology company by total assets; the fourth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales; and the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer.
In its fiscal year ending in September 2011, Apple Inc.... |
Apple Inc. | Taxes | Taxes
Apple has created subsidiaries in low-tax places such as Ireland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and the British Virgin Islands to cut the taxes it pays around the world. According to The New York Times, in the 1980s Apple was among the first tech companies to designate overseas salespeople in high-tax countries ... |
Apple Inc. | Charity | Charity
Apple is a partner of Product Red, a fundraising campaign for AIDS charity. In November 2014, Apple arranged for all App Store revenue in a two-week period to go to the fundraiser, generating more than US$20 million,; and in March 2017, it released an iPhone 7 with a red color finish.;
Apple contributes fi... |
Apple Inc. | Environment | Environment |
Apple Inc. | Apple Energy | Apple Energy
Apple Energy, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apple Inc. that sells solar energy. , Apple's solar farms in California and Nevada have been declared to provide 217.9 megawatts of solar generation capacity.; Apple has received regulatory approval to construct a landfill gas energy plant in North Carol... |
Apple Inc. | Energy and resources | Energy and resources
In 2010, Climate Counts, a nonprofit organization dedicated to directing consumers toward the greenest companies, gave Apple a score of 52 points out of a possible 100, which puts Apple in their top category "Striding". This was an increase from May 2008, when Climate Counts only gave Apple 11 po... |
Apple Inc. | Toxins | Toxins
Following further campaigns by Greenpeace, in 2008, Apple became the first electronics manufacturer to eliminate all polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in its complete product line.; In June 2007, Apple began replacing the cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlit LCD displays ... |
Apple Inc. | Green bonds | Green bonds
In February 2016, Apple issued a billion green bond (climate bond), the first ever of its kind by a U.S. tech company. The green bond proceeds are dedicated to the financing of environmental projects. |
Apple Inc. | Supply chain | Supply chain
Apple products were made in the United States in Apple-owned factories until the late 1990s; however, as a result of outsourcing initiatives in the 2000s, almost all of its manufacturing is now handled abroad. According to a report by The New York Times, Apple insiders "believe the vast scale of oversea... |
Apple Inc. | Worker organizations | Worker organizations
Apple directly employs 147,000 workers including 25,000 corporate employees in Apple Park and across Silicon Valley. The vast majority of its employees work at the over 500 retail Apple Stores globally. Apple relies on a larger, outsourced workforce for manufacturing, particularly in China where... |
Apple Inc. | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Democratic Republic of the Congo
In 2019, Apple was named as a defendant in a forced labour and child slavery lawsuit by Congolese families of children injured and killed in cobalt mines owned by Glencore and Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt, which supply battery materials to Apple and other companies.
In April 2024, lawyers ... |
Apple Inc. | See also | See also
List of Apple Inc. media events
Outline of Apple Inc. |
Apple Inc. | Notes | Notes |
Apple Inc. | References | References |
Apple Inc. | Bibliography | Bibliography
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Apple Inc. | Further reading | Further reading
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Apple Inc. | External links | External links
– official site
Category:1976 establishments in California
Category:1980s initial public offerings
Category:American brands
Category:Companies based in Cupertino, California
Category:Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Category:Companies in the PRISM network
Category:Companies liste... |
Apple Inc. | Table of Content | Short description, History, 1976–1980: Founding and incorporation, 1980–1990: Success with Macintosh, 1990–1997: Decline and restructuring, 1997–2007: Return to profitability, 2007–2011: Success with mobile devices, 2011–present: Post-Jobs era, Tim Cook, Products, Mac, iPhone, iPad, Other products, Services, Marketing,... |
Aberdeenshire | Short description | Aberdeenshire (; ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
It takes its name from the historic county of Aberdeenshire, which had substantially different boundaries. The Aberdeenshire Council area includes all of the areas of the historic counties of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire except the area making up Aber... |
Aberdeenshire | History | History
300px|thumb|left|1654 map covering "Aberdonia & Banfia" (Banffshire)
thumb|upright=1.3|left|Topographic map of Aberdeenshire and Moray
Aberdeenshire has a rich prehistoric and historical heritage. It is the locus of a large number of Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites, including Longman Hill, Kempsto... |
Aberdeenshire | Demographics | Demographics
The population of the council area has risen over 50% since 1971 to approximately in , representing 4.7% of Scotland's total. Aberdeenshire's population has increased by 9.1% since 2001, while Scotland's total population grew by 3.8%.
The census lists a relatively high proportion of under 16s and slightly... |
Aberdeenshire | Settlements | Settlements
The largest settlements in Aberdeenshire are:
+ Settlement Population Mid-2010()Peterhead17,790Inverurie11,590Fraserburgh12,540Westhill11,220Stonehaven10,820Ellon9,910Portlethen7,130Banchory7,030Kintore4,180Turriff5,020Huntly4,570Banff3,720Kemnay3,710Macduff3,910Laurencekirk2,650Oldmeldrum2,990Blackburn2,7... |
Aberdeenshire | Economy | Economy
Aberdeenshire's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated at £3,496M (2011), representing 5.2% of the Scottish total. Aberdeenshire's economy is closely linked to Aberdeen City's (GDP £7,906M), and in 2011, the region as a whole was calculated to contribute 16.8% of Scotland's GDP. Between 2012 and 2014, the co... |
Aberdeenshire | Major industries | Major industries
thumb|Blueberries grown in Aberdeenshire
Energy – There are significant energy-related infrastructure, presence, and expertise in Aberdeenshire. Peterhead is an important centre for the energy industry. Peterhead Port includes an extensive new quay with an adjacent laydown area at Smith Quay, is a maj... |
Aberdeenshire | Governance | Governance |
Aberdeenshire | Notable features | Notable features
thumb|Ythan Estuary nature reserve, with tern colonies and dunes in background.
thumb|The B976 road near Gairnshiel
thumb|An old lime kiln at Badenyon
The following significant structures or places are within Aberdeenshire:
Balmoral Castle, Scottish Highland residence of the British royal family.
Ben... |
Aberdeenshire | Hydrology and climate | Hydrology and climate
thumb|Ben Macdui, the United Kingdom's second-highest mountain
There are numerous rivers and burns in Aberdeenshire, including Cowie Water, Carron Water, Burn of Muchalls, River Dee, River Don, River Ury, River Ythan, Water of Feugh, Burn of Myrehouse, Laeca Burn and Luther Water. Numerous bays an... |
Aberdeenshire | Notable residents | Notable residents
John Skinner, (1721–1807) author, poet and ecclesiastic.
Hugh Mercer, (1726–1777), born in the manse of Pitsligo Kirk, near Rosehearty, brigadier general of the Continental Army.
Alexander Garden, (1730–1791), born in Birse, was a naturalist and physician who moved to North America in 1754. The garde... |
Aberdeenshire | Notes | Notes |
Aberdeenshire | References | References |
Aberdeenshire | External links | External links
Aberdeenshire Council
Category:Council areas of Scotland |
Aberdeenshire | Table of Content | Short description, History, Demographics, Settlements, Economy, Major industries, Governance, Notable features, Hydrology and climate, Notable residents, Notes, References, External links |
Aztlan Underground | short description | Aztlan Underground is a band from Los Angeles, California that combines Hip-Hop, Punk Rock, Jazz, and electronic music with Chicano and Native American themes, and indigenous instrumentation. They are often cited as progenitors of Chicano rap. |
Aztlan Underground | Background | Background
The band traces its roots to the late-1980s hardcore scene in the Eastside of Los Angeles. They have played rapcore, with elements of punk, hip hop, rock, funk, jazz, indigenous music, and spoken word. Indigenous drums, flutes, and rattles are also commonly used in their music. Their lyrics often address t... |
Aztlan Underground | Discography | Discography |
Aztlan Underground | ''Decolonize'' | Decolonize
Year:1995
"Teteu Innan"
"Killing Season"
"Lost Souls"
"My Blood Is Red"
"Natural Enemy"
"Sacred Circle"
"Blood On Your Hands"
"Interlude"
"Aug 2 the 9"
"Indigena"
"Lyrical Drive By" |
Aztlan Underground | ''Sub-Verses'' | Sub-Verses
Year:1998
"Permiso"
"They Move In Silence"
"No Soy Animal"
"Killing Season"
"Blood On Your Hands"
"Reality Check"
"Lemon Pledge"
"Revolution"
"Preachers of the Blind State"
"Lyrical Drive-By"
"Nahui Ollin"
"How to Catch a Bullet"
"Ik Otik"
"Obsolete Man"
"Decolonize"
"War Flowers" |
Aztlan Underground | ''Aztlan Underground'' | Aztlan Underground
Year: 2009
"Moztlitta"
"Be God"
"Light Shines"
"Prey"
"In the Field"
"9 10 11 12"
"Smell the Dead"
"Sprung"
"Medicine"
"Acabando"
"Crescent Moon" |
Aztlan Underground | See also | See also
Chicano rap
Native American hip hop
Rapcore
Chicano rock |
Aztlan Underground | References | References |
Aztlan Underground | External links | External links
Myspace link
Facebook page
Category:Native American rappers
Category:American rappers of Mexican descent
Category:Musical groups from Los Angeles
Category:West Coast hip-hop musicians |
Aztlan Underground | Table of Content | short description, Background, Discography, ''Decolonize'', ''Sub-Verses'', ''Aztlan Underground'', See also, References, External links |
American Civil War | Short description | The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union. The central conflict leading to war was a dispute over whether slaver... |
American Civil War | Origins | Origins
The origins of the war were rooted in the desire of the Southern states to preserve the institution of slavery. Historians in the 21st century overwhelmingly agree on the centrality of slavery in the conflict—at least for the Southern states. They disagree on which aspects (ideological, economic, political, ... |
American Civil War | Lincoln's election | Lincoln's election
thumb|Portrait of Abraham Lincoln, an 1860 photograph portrait of Abraham Lincoln by Mathew Brady|alt=Portrait of the middle-aged Abraham Lincoln the year of 1860 by Mathew Brady
Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election. Southern leaders feared Lincoln would stop slavery's expansion and ... |
American Civil War | Outbreak of the war | Outbreak of the war |
American Civil War | Secession crisis | Secession crisis
thumb|upright=1.35| |alt=Map of U.S. showing two kinds of Union states, two phases of secession and territories
Lincoln's election provoked South Carolina's legislature to call a state convention to consider secession. South Carolina had done more than any other state to advance the notion that... |
American Civil War | Battle of Fort Sumter | Battle of Fort Sumter
alt=Artwork Despite him stone fort at center surrounded by water. The fort is on fire, and shells explode in the air above it.|thumb|The Battle of Fort Sumter, as depicted by Currier and Ives
The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces opened fire on the Union-held ... |
American Civil War | Attitude of the border states | Attitude of the border states
thumb|upright=1.35|U.S. secession map, showing the Union and the Confederacy
(One of these states, West Virginia, was created in 1863, while KY, WV and MO had dual competing Confederate and Unionist governments)
Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, West Virginia and Kentucky were slave state... |
American Civil War | War | War
The Civil War was marked by intense and frequent battles. Over four years, 237 named battles were fought, along with many smaller actions, often characterized by their bitter intensity and high casualties. Historian John Keegan described it as "one of the most ferocious wars ever fought", where in many cases the... |
American Civil War | Mobilization | Mobilization
thumb|upright=0.8|Rioters attacking a building during the New York anti-draft riots of 1863|alt=Building on fire as rioters look on, one holds a sign that says "no draft"
As the Confederate states organized, the U.S. Army numbered 16,000, while Northern governors began mobilizing their militias. The Co... |
American Civil War | Southern Unionists | Southern Unionists
thumb|136x136px|Newton Knight (Mississippi), leader of the Knight Company and one of the founders of the Free State of Jones.
Unionism was strong in certain areas within the Confederacy. As many as 100,000 men living in states under Confederate control served in the Union Army or pro-Union guerril... |
American Civil War | Prisoners | Prisoners
left|thumb|142x142px|A Union soldier held as a POW in Georgia
At the war's start, a parole system operated, under which captives agreed not to fight until exchanged. They were held in camps run by their army, paid, but not allowed to perform any military duties. The system of exchanges collapsed in 1863 wh... |
American Civil War | Women | Women
Historian Elizabeth D. Leonard writes that between 500 and 1,000 women enlisted as soldiers on both sides, disguised as men. Women also served as spies, resistance activists, nurses, and hospital personnel. Women served on the Union hospital ship Red Rover and nursed Union and Confederate troops at field hospi... |
American Civil War | Union Navy | Union Navy
thumb|Battle between the and |alt=Painting of land battle scene in foreground and naval battle with sinking ships in background
The Union Navy in 1861 was relatively small but, by 1865, expanded rapidly to 6,000 officers, 45,000 sailors, and 671 vessels totaling 510,396 tons. Its mission was to blockade ... |
American Civil War | Union blockade | Union blockade
thumb|General Scott's Anaconda Plan, featuring a tightening naval blockade, forcing rebels out of Missouri along the Mississippi River, Kentucky Unionists sit on the fence, idled cotton industry illustrated in Georgia.|alt=A cartoon map of the South surrounded by a snake.
By early 1861, General Winfi... |
American Civil War | Blockade runners | Blockade runners
thumb|upright=1.35|Gunline of nine Union ironclads. South Atlantic Blockading Squadron off Charleston. Continuous blockade of all major ports was sustained by North's overwhelming war production. |alt=Panoramic view of ships in harbor during battle
The Confederates began the war short on military s... |
American Civil War | Economic impact | Economic impact
The Southern economy nearly collapsed during the war due to multiple factors, the most notable being severe food shortages, failing railroads, loss of control over key rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate forces. Historians agree the blockade was a m... |
American Civil War | Diplomacy | Diplomacy
thumb|left|A December 1861 cartoon in Punch magazine in London ridicules American aggressiveness in the Trent Affair. John Bull, at right, warns Uncle Sam, "You do what's right, my son, or I'll blow you out of the water."
Although the Confederacy hoped Britain and France would join them against the Union,... |
American Civil War | Eastern theater | Eastern theater
thumb|upright=1.5|County map of Civil War battles by theater and year|alt=Map of the United States with counties colored
The Eastern theater refers to the military operations east of the Appalachian Mountains, including Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, a... |
American Civil War | Background | Background |
American Civil War | Army of the Potomac | Army of the Potomac
Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan took command of the Union Army of the Potomac on July 26, 1861, and the war began in earnest in 1862. The 1862 Union strategy called for simultaneous advances along four axes:
McClellan would lead the main thrust in Virginia towards Richmond.
Ohio forces would adva... |
American Civil War | Army of Northern Virginia | Army of Northern Virginia
thumb|upright=0.8|Robert E. Lee|alt=Old man with gray beard and military uniform
The primary Confederate force in the Eastern theater was the Army of Northern Virginia. The Army originated as the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac, which was organized on June 20, 1861, from all operational ... |
American Civil War | Battles | Battles
thumb|A portrait depicting the Battle of Antietam, which resulted in over 22,000 fatalities, the Civil War's deadliest one-day battle|alt=Painting of battlefield scene
In July 1861, in the first in a series of prominent battles in the war, Union Army troops commanded by Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell attacked Confe... |
American Civil War | Western theater | Western theater
The Western theater refers to military operations between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River, including Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, Kentucky, South Carolina, Tennessee, and parts of Louisiana. |
American Civil War | Background | Background |
American Civil War | Army of the Cumberland and Army of the Tennessee | Army of the Cumberland and Army of the Tennessee
thumb|Ulysses S. Grant, a Union army general who was later elected the nation's 18th president
The primary Union forces in this theater were the Army of the Tennessee and Army of the Cumberland, named for the two rivers, Tennessee River and Cumberland River. After Mea... |
American Civil War | Battles | Battles
The Union's key strategist and tactician in the West was Ulysses S. Grant, who led the Union to victories in battles at Fort Henry (February 6, 1862) and Fort Donelson (February 11 to 16, 1862), earning him the nickname of "Unconditional Surrender" Grant. With these victories, the Union gained control of the ... |
American Civil War | Trans-Mississippi theater | Trans-Mississippi theater |
American Civil War | Background | Background
The Trans-Mississippi theater refers to military operations west of the Mississippi, encompassing most of Missouri, Arkansas, most of Louisiana, and the Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. The Trans-Mississippi District was formed by the Confederate States Army to better coordinate Ben McCulloch's co... |
American Civil War | Battles | Battles
thumb|Nathaniel Lyon secured docks and arsenal in St. Louis, leading Union Army forces to expel the Missouri Confederate forces and government.
The first battle of the Trans-Mississippi theater was the Battle of Wilson's Creek (August 1861). The Confederates were driven from Missouri early in the war as a res... |
American Civil War | Lower seaboard theater | Lower seaboard theater |
American Civil War | Background | Background
The lower seaboard theater refers to military and naval operations that occurred near the coastal areas of the Southeast as well as the southern part of the Mississippi. Union naval activities were dictated by the Anaconda Plan. |
American Civil War | Battles | Battles
thumb|New Orleans captured
One of the earliest battles was fought in November 1861 at Port Royal Sound, south of Charleston. Much of the war along the South Carolina coast concentrated on capturing Charleston. In attempting to capture Charleston, the Union military tried two approaches: by land over James or ... |
American Civil War | Pacific coast theater | Pacific coast theater
The Pacific coast theater refers to military operations on the Pacific Ocean and in the states and Territories west of the Continental Divide. |
American Civil War | Conquest of Virginia | Conquest of Virginia
thumb|upright=0.8|left|William Tecumseh Sherman
At the beginning of 1864, Lincoln made Grant commander of all Union armies. Grant made his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac and put Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in command of most of the western armies. Grant understood the concept of... |
American Civil War | Grant's Overland Campaign | Grant's Overland Campaign
Grant's army set out on the Overland Campaign intending to draw Lee into a defense of Richmond, where they would attempt to pin down and destroy the Confederate army. The Union army first attempted to maneuver past Lee and fought several battles, notably at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and... |
American Civil War | Sheridan's Valley Campaign | Sheridan's Valley Campaign
thumb|upright=0.8|Philip Sheridan
To deny the Confederacy continued use of the Shenandoah Valley as a base from which to launch invasions of Maryland and the Washington area, and to threaten Lee's supply lines for his forces, Grant launched the Valley campaigns in the spring of 1864. Initia... |
American Civil War | Sherman's March to the Sea | Sherman's March to the Sea
Meanwhile, Sherman maneuvered from Chattanooga to Atlanta, defeating Confederate Generals Joseph E. Johnston and John Bell Hood. The fall of Atlanta on September 2, 1864, guaranteed the reelection of Lincoln. Hood left the Atlanta area to swing around and menace Sherman's supply lines and ... |
American Civil War | The Waterloo of the Confederacy | The Waterloo of the Confederacy
Lee's army, thinned by desertion and casualties, was now much smaller than Grant's. One last Confederate attempt to break the Union hold on Petersburg failed at the decisive Battle of Five Forks on April 1. The Union now controlled the entire perimeter surrounding Richmond–Petersburg, ... |