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Antigua and Barbuda | History | History |
Antigua and Barbuda | Pre-colonial period | Pre-colonial period
Antigua was first settled by archaic age Indigenous hunter-gatherers called the Ciboney. Carbon dating has established the earliest settlements started around 3100 BC. They were succeeded by the ceramic age pre-Columbian Arawak-speaking Saladoid people who migrated from the lower Orinoco River. The... |
Antigua and Barbuda | European arrival and slavery | European arrival and slavery
Christopher Columbus was the first European to sight the islands in 1493. The Spanish did not colonise Antigua until after a combination of European and African diseases, malnutrition, and slavery eventually extirpated most of the native population; smallpox was probably the greatest killer... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Colonial era | Colonial era
The English maintained control of the islands, repulsing an attempted French attack in 1666. The brutal conditions endured by the slaves led to revolts in 1701 and 1729 and a planned revolt in 1736, the last led by Prince Klaas, though it was discovered before it began and the ringleaders were executed. Sl... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Independence era | Independence era
The first two decades of Antigua's independence were dominated politically by the Bird family and the ABLP, with Vere Bird ruling from 1981 to 1994, followed by his son Lester Bird from 1994 to 2004. Though providing a degree of political stability, and boosting tourism to the country, the Bird governm... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Geography | Geography
Limestone formations, rather than volcanic activity, have had the most impact on the topography of both Antigua and Barbuda, which are both relatively low-lying islands. Boggy Peak, also known as Mt. Obama from 2008 to 2016, is the highest point on both Antigua and Barbuda. It is the remnant of a volcanic cr... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Islands | Islands
Antigua and Barbuda consists mostly of its two namesake islands, Antigua, and Barbuda. Other than that, Antigua and Barbuda's biggest islands are Guiana Island and Long Island off the coast of Antigua, and Redonda island, which is far from both of the main islands. |
Antigua and Barbuda | Climate | Climate
Rainfall averages per year, with the amount varying widely from season to season. In general the wettest period is between September and November. The islands generally experience low humidity and recurrent droughts. Temperatures average , with a range from to in the winter to from to in the summer and a... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Environmental issues | Environmental issues |
Antigua and Barbuda | Demographics | Demographics
thumb|Population density map of Antigua in 2011
The National Bureau of Statistics estimated a population of 105,182 in 2025, making Antigua and Barbuda one of the least populated countries in the Caribbean. This is an increase of 24% from the 2011 census. Between 2008 and 2020, Antigua and Barbuda had an ... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Ethnicity | Ethnicity
thumb|Largest ethnic group by enumeration district in Antigua, 2011
Respondents in the 2011 census self-reported over fifteen ethnic identities. In order of population, the major pan-ethnic groups chosen were African (87.27%), other mixed (3.80%), Hispanic (2.75%), white (1.65%), Indian (India) (1.11%), othe... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Languages | Languages
thumb|297x297px|Creole dialects in Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda has no official language. The most spoken language in the country is Antiguan and Barbudan Creole, with three of its seven varieties native to the country: North Antiguan, the standard variety spoken in most of the country; South Anti... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Education | Education |
Antigua and Barbuda | Religion | Religion
A majority (77%) of Antiguans are Christians, with the Anglicans (17.6%) being the largest single denomination. Other Christian denominations present are Seventh-day Adventist Church (12.4%), Pentecostalism (12.2%), Moravian Church (8.3%), Roman Catholics
(8.2%), Methodist Church (5.6%), Wesleyan Holiness Chu... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Government and politics | Government and politics |
Antigua and Barbuda | Government | Government
thumb|The meeting place of the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda
thumb|The Office of the Prime Minister, the headquarters of the executive branch–funds to build an official residence for the Prime Minister were instead used to build the Sir Vivian Richards Stadium
thumb|Government House, the official resid... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Administrative divisions | Administrative divisions
thumb|The headquarters of the Secretary of the Barbuda Council in Codrington
thumb|Parish and dependency capitals
Antigua and Barbuda is composed of six parishes and two dependencies. Saint John is the most populous parish, home to well over half of Antigua and Barbuda's population. During co... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Foreign relations | Foreign relations
thumb|Diplomatic relations of Antigua and Barbuda
thumb|Embassy of Antigua and Barbuda in Madrid
The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Barbuda Affairs is responsible for overseeing the foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda. The current minister is Paul Chet Greene. Antigua and Barbuda is a ... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Defence and national security | Defence and national security
thumb|Various members of the national security infrastructure of Antigua and Barbuda posing with the Florida National Guard at a sugar estate
The Minister of Finance, Corporate Governance and Public Private Partnerships is responsible for the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force, the count... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Human rights | Human rights
Violations of human rights in Antigua and Barbuda have been increasingly reported since 2017. In particular, a land crisis caused by Hurricane Irma has resulted in a deterioration of the relationship between the two main islands, with the central government repeatedly threatening to abolish the communal l... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Economy | Economy
Tourism dominates the economy, accounting for more than half of the gross domestic product (GDP). As a destination for the most affluent travelers, Antigua is well known for its extensive collection of five-star resorts. However, weaker tourist activity in lower and middle market segments since the beginning o... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Culture | Culture
thumb|Antigua Carnival
thumb|Typical Antiguan homes in Saint Mary
thumb|Typical Barbudan homes in Codrington
The music of Antigua and Barbuda has some African characteristics, with minimal influence from European music, but the music is distinct.McDaniel, pp. 798–800 Records of music in Antigua and Barbuda d... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Cuisine | Cuisine
The islands' cuisine is mostly of European origin (UK and Portugal) with regional ingredients. Fungee (pronounced "foon-jee") and pepperpot are the national dishes. Fungee is a cornmeal-based dish that resembles polenta "Antigua & Barbuda National Dish & Recipe." Recipeisland.com. Pepperpot is a spinach and... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Sport | Sport
thumb|The Antigua Recreation Ground, the national stadium
Cricket is the most popular sport within the islands. With Sir Isaac Vivian Alexander Richards who represented the West Indies cricket team between 1974 and 1991, Antigua had one of the world's most famous batsmen ever. The Antigua and Barbuda national ... |
Antigua and Barbuda | See also | See also
Outline of Antigua and Barbuda
Index of Antigua and Barbuda–related articles |
Antigua and Barbuda | Notes | Notes |
Antigua and Barbuda | References | References |
Antigua and Barbuda | Further reading | Further reading
Nicholson, Desmond V., Antigua, Barbuda, and Redonda: A Historical Sketch, St. Johns, Antigua: Antigua and Barbuda Museum, 1991.
Dyde, Brian, A History of Antigua: The Unsuspected Isle, London: Macmillan Caribbean, 2000.
Gaspar, David Barry – Bondmen & Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations in Ant... |
Antigua and Barbuda | External links | External links
Antigua and Barbuda, United States Library of Congress
Antigua and Barbuda. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
Antigua and Barbuda from UCB Libraries GovPubs
Antigua and Barbuda from the BBC News
World Bank's country data profile for Antigua and Barbuda
ArchaeologyAntigua.org – 2... |
Antigua and Barbuda | Table of Content | Short description, Etymology, History, Pre-colonial period, European arrival and slavery, Colonial era, Independence era, Geography, Islands, Climate, Environmental issues, Demographics, Ethnicity, Languages, Education, Religion, Government and politics, Government, Administrative divisions, Foreign relations, Defence ... |
Azincourt | About | Azincourt ( ; ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.INSEE commune file It is situated north-west of Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise on the D71 road between Hesdin and Fruges.
The Late Medieval Battle of Agincourt between the English and the French took place in the commune in 1415. |
Azincourt | Toponym | Toponym
The name is attested as Aisincurt in 1175, derived from a Germanic masculine name Aizo, Aizino and the early Northern French word curt (which meant a farm with a courtyard; derived from the Late Latin cortem). It is often known as Agincourt in English. There is a village that is named "Agincourt", located in th... |
Azincourt | History | History
Azincourt is known for being near the site of the battle fought on 25 October 1415 in which the army led by King Henry V of England defeated the forces led by Charles d'Albret on behalf of Charles VI of France, which has gone down in history as the Battle of Agincourt. According to M. Forrest, the French knight... |
Azincourt | Population | Population |
Azincourt | Sights | Sights
250px|right|thumb|Commemorative monument near the battlefield
The original battlefield museum in the village featured model knights made out of Action Man figures. This has now been replaced by the Centre historique médiéval d'Azincourt (CHM)—a more professional museum, conference centre and exhibition space in... |
Azincourt | International relations | International relations
Azincourt is twinned with Middleham, United Kingdom. |
Azincourt | See also | See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
The neighbourhood of Agincourt, Toronto, Canada, named for Azincourt, not Agincourt, Meurthe-et-Moselle |
Azincourt | References | References |
Azincourt | External links | External links
Category:Artois
Category:Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
Azincourt | Table of Content | About, Toponym, History, Population, Sights, International relations, See also, References, External links |
Albert Speer | short description | Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.
An architect... |
Albert Speer | Early years and personal life | Early years and personal life
Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. He was the second of three sons of Luise Máthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. In 1918, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved to a home they had in Heidelberg. Henry T. King, deputy prosecutor ... |
Albert Speer | Party architect and government functionary | Party architect and government functionary |
Albert Speer | Joining the Nazis (1931–1934) | Joining the Nazis (1931–1934)
thumb|left|upright|Speer shows Hitler a project at Obersalzberg.
In January 1931, Speer applied for Nazi Party membership, and on 1 March 1931, he became member number 474,481. The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assista... |
Albert Speer | Nazi architect (1934–1937) | Nazi architect (1934–1937)
thumb|left|The Cathedral of Light above the Zeppelintribune
When Troost died on 21 January 1934, Speer effectively replaced him as the Party's chief architect. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess' staff.
One of Speer's firs... |
Albert Speer | Berlin's General Building Inspector (1937–1942) | Berlin's General Building Inspector (1937–1942)
thumb|right|Model of the Große Halle (also called Ruhmeshalle or Volkshalle) with the Reichstag building and the Brandenburg Gate
On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. This carried with it the rank of State Secret... |
Albert Speer | Minister of Armaments | Minister of Armaments |
Albert Speer | Appointment and increasing power | Appointment and increasing power
thumb|260x260px|Albert Speer at an exhibition in Lisbon in 1942 with the President of Portugal
As one of the younger and more ambitious men in Hitler's inner circle, Speer was approaching the height of his power. In 1938, Prussian Minister President Hermann Göring had appointed him to t... |
Albert Speer | Consolidation of arms production | Consolidation of arms production
thumb|Speer with Luftwaffe field marshal Erhard Milch and aircraft designer Willy Messerschmitt, May 1944
Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. He coveted control of the production of armaments for the Luftw... |
Albert Speer | Defeat of Nazi Germany | Defeat of Nazi Germany
thumb|Speer (left), Karl Dönitz and Alfred Jodl (right) after their arrest by the British Army in Flensburg in Northern Germany in May 1945
Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. Air attacks o... |
Albert Speer | Post-war | Post-war |
Albert Speer | Nuremberg trial | Nuremberg trial
thumb|Speer at the Nuremberg trial
Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Speer was indicted on four counts: partic... |
Albert Speer | Imprisonment | Imprisonment
On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. Speer's parents died while he was incarcerated. His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. His mother died in 1952. As a Nazi Pa... |
Albert Speer | Release and later life | Release and later life
Speer's release from prison was a worldwide media event. Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. He said little, reserving most comments for a major interview published in Der Spiegel in November 1966. Alth... |
Albert Speer | Death | Death
thumb|Speer's grave in Heidelberg
Speer made himself widely available to historians and other enquirers. In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. In the same year, he appeared on the television programme The World at War. Speer returned t... |
Albert Speer | The Speer myth | The Speer myth |
Albert Speer | The Good Nazi | The Good Nazi
After his release from Spandau, Speer portrayed himself as the "good Nazi". He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "Bad Nazis". In his memoirs and interviews, he had distorted the truth and made so many major omissions th... |
Albert Speer | Denial of responsibility | Denial of responsibility
thumb|left|alt=A group several hundred naked men is crowded in an enclosed courtyard, with garage doors visible on three sides.|New prisoners awaiting disinfection in the garage yard of Mauthausen concentration camp
Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no dire... |
Albert Speer | Armaments miracle | Armaments miracle
thumb|upright=1.4|right|The German city of Cologne in ruins at the end of the war
Speer was credited with an "armaments miracle". During the winter of 1941–42, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz T... |
Albert Speer | Architectural legacy | Architectural legacy
thumb|alt=Colour photograph of a cylindrical structure|Schwerbelastungskörper in 2011
Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. No buildings designed by Speer during the Nazi era are extant in Berlin, other than the four entrance pavilions and un... |
Albert Speer | See also | See also
Speer Goes to Hollywood
Downfall, 2004 German film where he was portrayed by actor Heino Ferch
Legion Speer
Transportflotte Speer
Transportkorps Speer
Hermann Giesler |
Albert Speer | References | References
Informational notes
Citations
Bibliography
Printed sources
Online sources
|
Albert Speer | Further reading | Further reading
|
Albert Speer | External links | External links
Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg
Albert Speer: Chief Architect of the Third Reich - warfarehistorynetwork.com
Category:1905 births
Category:1981 deaths
Category:20th-century German architects
Category:20th-century German male writers
Category:Architects from Mannheim
Category:Archit... |
Albert Speer | Table of Content | short description, Early years and personal life, Party architect and government functionary, Joining the Nazis (1931–1934), Nazi architect (1934–1937), Berlin's General Building Inspector (1937–1942), Minister of Armaments, Appointment and increasing power, Consolidation of arms production, Defeat of Nazi Germany, Pos... |
Asteraceae | Hatnote | Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger family is unclear as the quantity of extant species in each family is unknown. T... |
Asteraceae | Description<span class="anchor" id="Characteristics"></span> | Description
Members of the Asteraceae are mostly herbaceous plants, but some shrubs, vines, and trees (such as Lachanodes arborea) do exist. Asteraceae species are generally easy to distinguish from other plants because of their unique inflorescence and other shared characteristics, such as the joined anthers of the st... |
Asteraceae | Roots | Roots
Members of the family Asteraceae generally produce taproots, but sometimes they possess fibrous root systems. Some species have underground stems in the form of caudices or rhizomes. These can be fleshy or woody depending on the species. |
Asteraceae | Stems | Stems
The stems are herbaceous, aerial, branched, and cylindrical with glandular hairs, usually erect, but can be prostrate to ascending. The stems can contain secretory canals with resin, or latex, which is particularly common among the Cichorioideae. |
Asteraceae | Leaves | Leaves
Leaves can be alternate, opposite, or whorled. They may be simple, but are often deeply lobed or otherwise incised, often conduplicate or revolute. The margins also can be entire or toothed. Resin or latex can also be present in the leaves. |
Asteraceae | Inflorescences<span class="anchor" id="Flowers"></span> | Inflorescences
Nearly all Asteraceae bear their flowers in dense flower heads called capitula. They are surrounded by involucral bracts, and when viewed from a distance, each capitulum may appear to be a single flower. Enlarged outer (peripheral) flowers in the capitulum may resemble petals, and the involucral bracts ... |
Asteraceae | Floral heads | Floral heads
thumb|right|300px|A typical Asteraceae flower head showing the (five) individual ray florets and the (approximately 16) disk florets of a specimen of (Bidens torta)
In plants of the Asteraceae, what appears to be a single "daisy"-type flower is actually a composite of several much smaller flowers, known... |
Asteraceae | Variations | Variations
A radiate head has disc flowers surrounded by ray flowers. A ligulate head has all ligulate flowers and no disc flowers. When an Asteraceae flower head has only disc flowers that are either sterile, male, or bisexual (but not female and fertile), it is a discoid head.
Disciform heads possess only disc flo... |
Asteraceae | Floral structures<span class="anchor" id="Floral structures"></span> | Floral structures
thumb|Flower diagram of Carduus (Carduoideae) shows (outermost to innermost): subtending bract and stem axis; calyx forming a pappus; fused corolla; stamens fused to corolla; gynoecium with two carpels and one locule
thumb|Discoid flowerheads of Delairea odorata.
The distinguishing characteristic of... |
Asteraceae | Fruits and seeds | Fruits and seeds
In members of the Asteraceae the fruit is achene-like, and is called a cypsela (plural cypselae). Although there are two fused carpels, there is only one locule, and only one seed per fruit is formed. It may sometimes be winged or spiny because the pappus, which is derived from calyx tissue often rem... |
Asteraceae | Pollen | Pollen
The pollen of composites is typically echinolophate, a morphological term meaning "with elaborate systems of ridges and spines dispersed around and between the apertures." |
Asteraceae | Metabolites | Metabolites
In Asteraceae, the energy store is generally in the form of inulin rather than starch. They produce iso/chlorogenic acid, sesquiterpene lactones, pentacyclic triterpene alcohols, various alkaloids, acetylenes (cyclic, aromatic, with vinyl end groups), tannins. They have terpenoid essential oils that never... |
Asteraceae | Taxonomy | Taxonomy |
Asteraceae | History | History
Compositae, the original name for Asteraceae, were first described in 1740 by Dutch botanist Adriaan van Royen. Traditionally, two subfamilies were recognised: Asteroideae (or Tubuliflorae) and Cichorioideae (or Liguliflorae). The latter has been shown to be extensively paraphyletic, and has now been divided in... |
Asteraceae | Phylogeny | Phylogeny
The phylogenetic tree of subfamilies presented below is based on Panero & Funk (2002) updated in 2014, and now also includes the monotypic Famatinanthoideae.
The diamond (♦) denotes a very poorly supported node (<50% bootstrap support), the dot (•) a poorly supported node (<80%).
The family includes over 32... |
Asteraceae | Paleontology and evolutionary processes | Paleontology and evolutionary processes
The oldest known fossils of members of Asteraceae are pollen grains from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica, dated to ~76–66 mya (Campanian to Maastrichtian) and assigned to the extant genus Dasyphyllum. Barreda, et al. (2015) estimated that the crown group of Asteraceae evolved... |
Asteraceae | Etymology and pronunciation | Etymology and pronunciation
The original name Compositae is still valid under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. It refers to the "composite" nature of the capitula, which consist of a few or many individual flowers.
The alternative (as it came later) name Asteraceae () comes to int... |
Asteraceae | Distribution and habitat | Distribution and habitat
Asteraceae species have a widespread distribution, from subpolar to tropical regions in a wide variety of habitats. Most occur in hot desert and cold or hot semi-desert climates, and they are found on every continent but Antarctica. They are especially numerous in tropical and subtropical reg... |
Asteraceae | Ecology | Ecology
Asteraceae are especially common in open and dry environments. Many members of Asteraceae are pollinated by insects, which explains their value in attracting beneficial insects, but anemophily is also present (e.g. Ambrosia, Artemisia). There are many apomictic species in the family.
Seeds are ordinarily di... |
Asteraceae | Uses | Uses
thumb|upright=1.5|left|The twining succulent, Senecio angulatus, is used for its cut flowers, despite being an invasive weed in some places, such as Victoria, Australia and New Zealand.
Asteraceae is an economically important family, providing products such as cooking oils, leaf vegetables like lettuce, sunflowe... |
Asteraceae | References | References |
Asteraceae | Bibliography | Bibliography
|
Asteraceae | External links | External links
Asteraceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
Compositae.org – Compositae Working Group (CWG) and Global Compositae Database (GCD)
Category:Asterales families
Category:Extant Campanian first appearances |
Asteraceae | Table of Content | Hatnote, Description<span class="anchor" id="Characteristics"></span>, Roots, Stems, Leaves, Inflorescences<span class="anchor" id="Flowers"></span>, Floral heads, Variations, Floral structures<span class="anchor" id="Floral structures"></span>, Fruits and seeds, Pollen, Metabolites, Taxonomy, History, Phylogeny, Paleo... |
Apiaceae | short description | Apiaceae () or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onw... |
Apiaceae | Description | Description
Most Apiaceae are annual, biennial or perennial herbs (frequently with the leaves aggregated toward the base), though a minority are woody shrubs or small trees such as Bupleurum fruticosum. Their leaves are of variable size, and alternately arranged, or with the upper leaves becoming nearly opposite. Th... |
Apiaceae | Taxonomy | Taxonomy
Apiaceae was first described by John Lindley in 1836.Lindley, J. (1836) An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, 2nd Edition. Longman, London. The name is derived from the type genus Apium, which was originally used by Pliny the Elder circa 50 AD for a celery-like plant. The alternative name for the ... |
Apiaceae | Classification and phylogeny | Classification and phylogeny
Prior to molecular phylogenetic studies, the family was subdivided primarily based on fruit characteristics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses from the mid-1990s onwards have shown that fruit characters evolved in parallel many times, so that using them in classification resulted in units tha... |
Apiaceae | Genera | Genera
The number of genera accepted by sources varies. , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted 444 genera, while GRIN Taxonomy accepted 462. The PoWO genera are not a subset of those in GRIN; for example, Haloselinum is accepted by PoWO but not by GRIN, while Halosciastrum is accepted by GRIN but not by PoWO, w... |
Apiaceae | Ecology | Ecology
The black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes, uses the family Apiaceae for food and host plants for oviposition.Hall, Donald W. 2011 "Featured Creatures - Eastern Black Swallowtail." Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida. http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/bfly/bfly2/eastern_black... |
Apiaceae | Uses | Uses
Many members of this family are cultivated for various purposes. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), carrot (Daucus carota) and Hamburg parsley (Petroselinum crispum) produce tap roots that are large enough to be useful as food. Many species produce essential oils in their leaves or fruits and as a result are flavourfu... |
Apiaceae | Cultivation | Cultivation
Generally, all members of this family are best cultivated in the cool-season garden; they may not grow at all if the soils are too warm. Almost every widely cultivated plant of this group is a considered useful as a companion plant. One reason is that the tiny flowers, clustered into umbels, are well sui... |
Apiaceae | Other uses | Other uses
The poisonous members of the Apiaceae have been used for a variety of purposes globally. The poisonous Oenanthe crocata has been used as an aid in suicides, and arrow poisons have been made from various other family species.
Daucus carota has been used as coloring for butter.
Dorema ammoniacum, Ferula ga... |
Apiaceae | Toxicity | Toxicity
Many species in the family Apiaceae produce phototoxic substances (called furanocoumarins) that sensitize human skin to sunlight. Contact with plant parts that contain furanocoumarins, followed by exposure to sunlight, may cause phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation. Phototoxic species include Am... |
Apiaceae | References | References |