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Apiaceae | Further reading | Further reading
Constance, L. (1971). "History of the classification of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)." in Heywood, V. H. [ed.], The biology and chemistry of the Umbelliferae, 1–11. Academic Press, London.
Cronquist, A. (1968). The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
French, D. ... |
Apiaceae | External links | External links
Umbelliferae at The Families of Flowering Plants (DELTA)
Apiaceae at Discover Life
Umbellifer Resource Centre at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Umbellifer Information Server at Moscow State University
Category:Asterid families |
Apiaceae | Table of Content | short description, Description, Taxonomy, Classification and phylogeny, Genera, Ecology, Uses, Cultivation, Other uses, Toxicity, References, Further reading, External links |
Axon | Short description | An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit informati... |
Axon | Anatomy | Anatomy
thumb|upright=1.4|Structure of a typical neuron in the peripheral nervous system
thumb|A dissected human brain, showing grey matter and white matter
Axons are the primary transmission lines of the nervous system, and as bundles they form nerves in the peripheral nervous system, or nerve tracts in the central n... |
Axon | Axonal region | Axonal region
The axonal region or compartment, includes the axon hillock, the initial segment, the rest of the axon, and the axon telodendria, and axon terminals. It also includes the myelin sheath. The Nissl bodies that produce the neuronal proteins are absent in the axonal region. Proteins needed for the growth of t... |
Axon | Axon hillock | Axon hillock
thumb|right|upright=1.75|Detail showing microtubules at axon hillock and initial segment.
The axon hillock is the area formed from the cell body of the neuron as it extends to become the axon. It precedes the initial segment. The received action potentials that are summed in the neuron are transmitted to t... |
Axon | Axonal initial segment | Axonal initial segment
The axonal initial segment (AIS) is a structurally and functionally separate microdomain of the axon. One function of the initial segment is to separate the main part of an axon from the rest of the neuron; another function is to help initiate action potentials. Both of these functions support ne... |
Axon | Axonal transport | Axonal transport
The axoplasm is the equivalent of cytoplasm in the cell. Microtubules form in the axoplasm at the axon hillock. They are arranged along the length of the axon, in overlapping sections, and all point in the same directiontowards the axon terminals. This is noted by the positive endings of the microtubu... |
Axon | Myelination | Myelination
thumb|left|TEM of a myelinated axon in cross-section.
thumb|upright|Cross section of an axon: (1) Axon (2) Nucleus
(3) Schwann cell (4) Myelin sheath (5) Neurilemma
In the nervous system, axons may be myelinated, or unmyelinated. This is the provision of an insulating layer, called a myelin sheath. The myel... |
Axon | Nodes of Ranvier | Nodes of Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier (also known as myelin sheath gaps) are short unmyelinated segments of a myelinated axon, which are found periodically interspersed between segments of the myelin sheath. Therefore, at the point of the node of Ranvier, the axon is reduced in diameter. These nodes are areas where action... |
Axon | Axon terminals | Axon terminals
An axon can divide into many branches called telodendria (Greek for 'end of tree'). At the end of each telodendron is an axon terminal (also called a terminal bouton or synaptic bouton, or end-foot). Axon terminals contain synaptic vesicles that store the neurotransmitter for release at the synapse. Thi... |
Axon | Axonal varicosities | Axonal varicosities
In the normally developed brain, along the shaft of some axons are located pre-synaptic boutons also known as axonal varicosities and these have been found in regions of the hippocampus that function in the release of neurotransmitters. However, axonal varicosities are also present in neurodegenerat... |
Axon | Action potentials | Action potentials
thumb|upright=1.2|Synaptic connections from an axon
thumb|260px|Neurotransmitter released from presynaptic axon terminal, and transported across synaptic cleft to receptors on postsynaptic neuron|alt=The pre- and post-synaptic axons are separated by a short distance known as the synaptic cleft. Neuro... |
Axon | Development and growth | Development and growth |
Axon | Development | Development
The development of the axon to its target, is one of the six major stages in the overall development of the nervous system. Studies done on cultured hippocampal neurons suggest that neurons initially produce multiple neurites that are equivalent, yet only one of these neurites is destined to become the axon... |
Axon | Extracellular signaling | Extracellular signaling
The extracellular signals that propagate through the extracellular matrix surrounding neurons play a prominent role in axonal development. These signaling molecules include proteins, neurotrophic factors, and extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules.
Netrin (also known as UNC-6) a secreted pr... |
Axon | Intracellular signaling | Intracellular signaling
During axonal development, the activity of PI3K is increased at the tip of destined axon. Disrupting the activity of PI3K inhibits axonal development. Activation of PI3K results in the production of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns) which can cause significant elongation of a n... |
Axon | Cytoskeletal dynamics | Cytoskeletal dynamics
The neurite with the lowest actin filament content will become the axon. PGMS concentration and f-actin content are inversely correlated; when PGMS becomes enriched at the tip of a neurite, its f-actin content is substantially decreased. In addition, exposure to actin-depolimerizing drugs and toxi... |
Axon | Growth | Growth
thumb|right|upright|Axon of nine-day-old mouse with growth cone visible
Growing axons move through their environment via the growth cone, which is at the tip of the axon. The growth cone has a broad sheet-like extension called a lamellipodium which contain protrusions called filopodia. The filopodia are the mec... |
Axon | Length regulation | Length regulation
Axons vary largely in length from a few micrometers up to meters in some animals. This emphasizes that there must be a cellular length regulation mechanism allowing the neurons both to sense the length of their axons and to control their growth accordingly. It was discovered that motor proteins play a... |
Axon | Classification | Classification
The axons of neurons in the human peripheral nervous system can be classified based on their physical features and signal conduction properties. Axons were known to have different thicknesses (from 0.1 to 20 μm) and these differences were thought to relate to the speed at which an action potential could... |
Axon | Motor | Motor
Lower motor neurons have two kind of fibers:
+Motor fiber types Type Erlanger-GasserClassification Diameter(μm) Myelin Conduction velocity(meters/second) Associated muscle fibers Alpha (α) motor neuron Aα 13–20 Yes 80–120 Extrafusal muscle fibers Beta (β) motor neuron Aβ Gamma (γ) motor neuron Aγ ... |
Axon | {{Visible anchor |
Different sensory receptors are innervated by different types of nerve fibers. Proprioceptors are innervated by type Ia, Ib and II sensory fibers, mechanoreceptors by type II and III sensory fibers and nociceptors and thermoreceptors by type III and IV sensory fibers.
+Sensory fiber types Type Erlanger-GasserClas... |
Axon | Autonomic | Autonomic
The autonomic nervous system has two kinds of peripheral fibers:
+Fiber types Type Erlanger-GasserClassification Diameter(μm) Myelin Conductionvelocity (m/s) preganglionic fibers B 1–5 Yes 3–15 postganglionic fibers C 0.2–1.5 No 0.5–2.0 |
Axon | Clinical significance | Clinical significance
In order of degree of severity, injury to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system can be described as neurapraxia, axonotmesis, or neurotmesis.
Concussion is considered a mild form of diffuse axonal injury. Axonal injury can also cause central chromatolysis. The dysfunction of axons in the nervo... |
Axon | Terminology | Terminology
Some general dictionaries define "nerve fiber" as any neuronal process, including both axons and dendrites. However, medical sources generally use "nerve fiber" to refer to the axon only. |
Axon | History | History
German anatomist Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters is generally credited with the discovery of the axon by distinguishing it from the dendrites. Swiss Rüdolf Albert von Kölliker and German Robert Remak were the first to identify and characterize the axon initial segment. Kölliker named the axon in 1896. Louis-Antoine... |
Axon | Other animals | Other animals
The axons in invertebrates have been extensively studied. The longfin inshore squid, often used as a model organism has the longest known axon. The giant squid has the largest axon known. Its size ranges from 0.5 (typically) to 1 mm in diameter and is used in the control of its jet propulsion system. The ... |
Axon | Additional images | Additional images |
Axon | See also | See also
Electrophysiology
Ganglionic eminence
Giant axonal neuropathy
Neuronal tracing
Pioneer axon
Single-unit recording |
Axon | References | References |
Axon | External links | External links
"Slide 3 Spinal cord"
Category:Neurohistology |
Axon | Table of Content | Short description, Anatomy, Axonal region, Axon hillock, Axonal initial segment, Axonal transport, Myelination, Nodes of Ranvier, Axon terminals, Axonal varicosities, Action potentials, Development and growth, Development, Extracellular signaling, Intracellular signaling, Cytoskeletal dynamics, Growth, Length regulatio... |
Aramaic alphabet | Short description | The ancient Aramaic alphabet was used to write the Aramaic languages spoken by ancient Aramean pre-Christian peoples throughout the Fertile Crescent. It was also adopted by other peoples as their own alphabet when empires and their subjects underwent linguistic Aramaization during a language shift for governing purpose... |
Aramaic alphabet | History | History
thumb|left|The Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription, a Greek and Aramaic inscription by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka at Kandahar, Afghanistan, 3rd century BC
The earliest inscriptions in the Aramaic language use the Phoenician alphabet.Inland Syria and the East-of-Jordan Region in the First Millennium BCE before... |
Aramaic alphabet | Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire) | Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire)
thumb |upright|Aramaic inscription of Taxila, Pakistan probably by the emperor Ashoka around 260 BCE
Around 500 BC, following the Achaemenid conquest of Mesopotamia under Darius I, Old Aramaic was adopted by the Persians as the "vehicle for written communication between t... |
Aramaic alphabet | Aramaic-derived scripts | Aramaic-derived scripts
Since the evolution of the Aramaic alphabet out of the Phoenician one was a gradual process, the division of the world's alphabets into the ones derived from the Phoenician one directly, and the ones derived from Phoenician via Aramaic, is somewhat artificial. In general, the alphabets of the M... |
Aramaic alphabet | Languages using the alphabet | Languages using the alphabet
Today, Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects and the Aramaic language of the Talmud are written in the modern-Hebrew alphabet, distinguished from the Old Hebrew script. In classical Jewish literature, the name given to the modern-Hebrew script was "Ashurit", the ancient Assyrian scr... |
Aramaic alphabet | Maaloula | Maaloula
In Maaloula, one of few surviving communities in which a Western Aramaic dialect is still spoken, an Aramaic Language Institute was established in 2006 by Damascus University that teaches courses to keep the language alive.
Unlike Classical Syriac, which has a rich literary tradition in Syriac-Aramaic script... |
Aramaic alphabet | Letters | Letters
Letter name Aramaic written using IPA Phoneme Equivalent letter in Imperial Aramaic Syriac script Hebrew Maalouli Nabataean Parthian Arabic South Arabian Geʽez Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Greek Latin Cyrillic Brahmi Kharosthi Turkic Image Text Image Text Ālaph 18px 26x26px ; , ʾ 20px| 70px 𐭀 𐩱 አ 20px ... |
Aramaic alphabet | Unicode | Unicode
The Imperial Aramaic alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in October 2009, with the release of version 5.2.
The Unicode block for Imperial Aramaic is U+10840–U+1085F:
The Syriac Aramaic alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September 1999, with the release of version 3.0.
The Syriac Abbreviati... |
Aramaic alphabet | See also | See also
Syriac alphabet
Mandaic alphabet |
Aramaic alphabet | References | References |
Aramaic alphabet | Sources | Sources
Byrne, Ryan. "Middle Aramaic Scripts". Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. (2006)
Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford. (1996)
Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
Rudder, Joshua. Learn to Write Aramaic: ... |
Aramaic alphabet | External links | External links
Comparison of Aramaic to related alphabets
Omniglot entry
Category:8th-century BC establishments
Category:Obsolete writing systems
Category:Persian scripts
Category:Right-to-left writing systems
Category:Abjad writing systems |
Aramaic alphabet | Table of Content | Short description, History, Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire), Aramaic-derived scripts, Languages using the alphabet, Maaloula, Letters, Unicode, See also, References, Sources, External links |
American shot | Short description | thumb|An example of a "cowboy shot" in A Fistful of Dollars
An American shot or cowboy shot is a medium-long ("knee") film shot of a group of characters, who are arranged so that all are visible to the camera. It is a translation of a phrase from French film criticism, . The usual arrangement is for the actors to stand... |
American shot | References | References
Category:Cinematography |
American shot | Table of Content | Short description, References |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | short description | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), or acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, is a rare autoimmune disease marked by a sudden, widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. As well as causing the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed, ADEM also attacks the nerves of the central nervous sys... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Signs and symptoms | Signs and symptoms
ADEM has an abrupt onset and a monophasic course. Symptoms usually begin 1–3 weeks after infection. Major symptoms include fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, confusion, vision impairment, drowsiness, seizures and coma. Although initially the symptoms are usually mild, they worsen rapidly over the ... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | ADEM in COVID-19 | ADEM in COVID-19
Neurological symptoms were the main presentation of COVID-19, which did not correlate with the severity of respiratory symptoms. The high incidence of ADEM with hemorrhage is striking. Brain inflammation is likely caused by an immune response to the disease rather than neurotropism. Cerebrospinal flu... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Causes | Causes
Since the discovery of the anti-MOG specificity against multiple sclerosis diagnosis it is considered that ADEM is one of the possible clinical causes of anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis.
There are several theories about how the anti-MOG antibodies appear in the patient's serum:
A preceding antigenic chal... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Diagnosis | Diagnosis
The term ADEM has been inconsistently used at different times. Currently, the commonly accepted international standard for the clinical case definition is the one published by the International Pediatric MS Study Group, revision 2007.
Given that the definition is clinical, it is currently unknown if all the... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Differential diagnosis | Differential diagnosis |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Multiple sclerosis | Multiple sclerosis
While ADEM and MS both involve autoimmune demyelination, they differ in many clinical, genetic, imaging, and histopathological aspects. Some authors consider MS and its borderline forms to constitute a spectrum, differing only in chronicity, severity, and clinical course, while others consider them d... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis | Multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis
When the person has more than one demyelinating episode of ADEM, the disease is then called recurrent disseminated encephalomyelitis or multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM).
It has been found that anti-MOG auto-antibodies are related to this kind of ADEM
Anothe... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis | Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL, or AHLE), acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE), Weston-Hurst syndrome, or Hurst's disease, is a hyperacute and frequently fatal form of ADEM. AHL is relatively rare (less than 10... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Treatment | Treatment
No controlled clinical trials have been conducted on ADEM treatment, but aggressive treatment aimed at rapidly reducing inflammation of the CNS is standard. The widely accepted first-line treatment is high doses of intravenous corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone or dexamethasone, followed by 3–6 weeks... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Prognosis | Prognosis
Full recovery is seen in 50 to 70% of cases, ranging to 70 to 90% recovery with some minor residual disability (typically assessed using measures such as mRS or EDSS), average time to recover is one to six months. The mortality rate may be as high as 5–10%. Poorer outcomes are associated with unresponsiveness... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Motor deficits | Motor deficits
Residual motor deficits are estimated to remain in about 8 to 30% of cases, the range in severity from mild clumsiness to ataxia and hemiparesis. |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Neurocognitive | Neurocognitive
Patients with demyelinating illnesses, such as MS, have shown cognitive deficits even when there is minimal physical disability. Research suggests that similar effects are seen after ADEM, but that the deficits are less severe than those seen in MS. A study of six children with ADEM (mean age at presenta... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Research | Research
The relationship between ADEM and anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis is currently under research. A new entity called MOGDEM has been proposed.
About animal models, the main animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is also an animal model for ADEM. Being an acute monophasic ill... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | See also | See also
Optic neuritis
Transverse myelitis
meningitis-retention syndrome
Victoria Arlen |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | References | References |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | External links | External links
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association
Information for parents about Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Great Ormond Street Hospital
Category:Multiple sclerosis
Category:Autoimmune diseases
Category:Central nervous system disorders
Category:Enterovirus-assoc... |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Table of Content | short description, Signs and symptoms, ADEM in COVID-19, Causes, Diagnosis, Differential diagnosis, Multiple sclerosis, Multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis, Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Treatment, Prognosis, Motor deficits, Neurocognitive, Research, See also, References, External links |
Ataxia | Short description | Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coor... |
Ataxia | Types | Types |
Ataxia | Cerebellar | Cerebellar
The term cerebellar ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for integrating a significant amount of neural information that is used to coordinate smoothly ongoing movements and to participate in motor planning. Although ataxia is not present wi... |
Ataxia | Sensory | Sensory
The term sensory ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to loss of proprioception, the loss of sensitivity to the positions of joint and body parts. This is generally caused by dysfunction of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, because they carry proprioceptive information up to the brain. In some cases, th... |
Ataxia | Vestibular | Vestibular
The term vestibular ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the vestibular system, which in acute and unilateral cases is associated with prominent vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. In slow-onset, chronic bilateral cases of vestibular dysfunction, these characteristic manifestations may be abs... |
Ataxia | Causes | Causes
The three types of ataxia have overlapping causes, so can either coexist or occur in isolation. Cerebellar ataxia can have many causes despite normal neuroimaging. |
Ataxia | Focal lesions | Focal lesions
Any type of focal lesion of the central nervous system (such as stroke, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory [such as sarcoidosis], and "chronic lymphocytyc inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids syndrome" [CLIPPERS]) will cause the type of ataxia correspondin... |
Ataxia | Exogenous substances (metabolic ataxia) | Exogenous substances (metabolic ataxia)
Exogenous substances that cause ataxia mainly do so because they have a depressant effect on central nervous system function. The most common example is ethanol (alcohol), which is capable of causing reversible cerebellar and vestibular ataxia. Chronic intake of ethanol causes ... |
Ataxia | Radiation poisoning | Radiation poisoning
Ataxia can be induced as a result of severe acute radiation poisoning with an absorbed dose of more than 30 grays. Furthermore, those with ataxia telangiectasia may have a high sensitivity towards gamma rays and x-rays. |
Ataxia | Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency | Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause, among several neurological abnormalities, overlapping cerebellar and sensory ataxia. Neuropsychological symptoms may include sense loss, difficulty in proprioception, poor balance, loss of sensation in the feet, changes in reflexes, dementia, and psychosis, whi... |
Ataxia | Hypothyroidism | Hypothyroidism
Symptoms of neurological dysfunction may be the presenting feature in some patients with hypothyroidism. These include reversible cerebellar ataxia, dementia, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis and coma. Most of the neurological complications improve completely after thyroid hormone replacement therapy. |
Ataxia | Causes of isolated sensory ataxia | Causes of isolated sensory ataxia
Peripheral neuropathies may cause generalised or localised sensory ataxia (e.g. a limb only) depending on the extent of the neuropathic involvement. Spinal disorders of various types may cause sensory ataxia from the lesioned level below, when they involve the dorsal columns. |
Ataxia | Non-hereditary cerebellar degeneration | Non-hereditary cerebellar degeneration
Non-hereditary causes of cerebellar degeneration include chronic alcohol use disorder, head injury, paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune ataxia, high-altitude cerebral edema, celiac disease, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and infectious or post-infectious cerebelliti... |
Ataxia | Hereditary ataxias | Hereditary ataxias
Ataxia may depend on hereditary disorders consisting of degeneration of the cerebellum or of the spine; most cases feature both to some extent, and therefore present with overlapping cerebellar and sensory ataxia, even though one is often more evident than the other. Hereditary disorders causing at... |
Ataxia | Arnold–Chiari malformation (congenital ataxia) | Arnold–Chiari malformation (congenital ataxia)
Arnold–Chiari malformation is a malformation of the brain. It consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid outflow. |
Ataxia | Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency | Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is an autosomal-recessive gene disorder where mutations in the ALDH5A1 gene results in the accumulation of gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the body. GHB accumulates in the nervous system and can cause ataxia as well as ot... |
Ataxia | Wilson's disease | Wilson's disease
Wilson's disease is an autosomal-recessive gene disorder whereby an alteration of the ATP7B gene results in an inability to properly excrete copper from the body. Copper accumulates in the liver and raises the toxicity levels in the nervous system causing demyelination of the nerves. This can cause a... |
Ataxia | Gluten ataxia | Gluten ataxia
thumb|A male with gluten ataxia: previous situation and evolution after three months of a gluten-free diet
Gluten ataxia is an autoimmune disease derived from celiac disease, which is triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Early diagnosis and treatment with a gluten-free diet can improve ataxia and preve... |
Ataxia | Potassium pump | Potassium pump
Malfunction of the sodium-potassium pump may be a factor in some ataxias. The - pump has been shown to control and set the intrinsic activity mode of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. This suggests that the pump might not simply be a homeostatic, "housekeeping" molecule for ionic gradients; but could be a c... |
Ataxia | Cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-GAD antibodies | Cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-GAD antibodies
Antibodies against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD: enzyme changing glutamate into GABA) cause cerebellar deficits. The antibodies impair motor learning and cause behavioral deficits.
GAD antibodies related ataxia is part of the group called immune-med... |
Ataxia | Diagnosis | Diagnosis
Imaging studies – A CT scan or MRI of the brain might help determine potential causes. An MRI can sometimes show shrinkage of the cerebellum and other brain structures in people with ataxia. It may also show other treatable findings, such as a blood clot or benign tumour, that could be pressing on the cere... |
Ataxia | Treatment | Treatment
The treatment of ataxia and its effectiveness depend on the underlying cause. Treatment may limit or reduce the effects of ataxia, but it is unlikely to eliminate them entirely. Recovery tends to be better in individuals with a single focal injury (such as stroke or a benign tumour), compared to those who h... |
Ataxia | Other uses | Other uses
The term "ataxia" is sometimes used in a broader sense to indicate lack of coordination in some physiological process. Examples include optic ataxia (lack of coordination between visual inputs and hand movements, resulting in inability to reach and grab objects) and ataxic respiration (lack of coordination... |
Ataxia | See also | See also
Ataxic cerebral palsy
Locomotor ataxia
Bruns apraxia |
Ataxia | References | References |
Ataxia | Further reading | Further reading
|
Ataxia | External links | External links
National Ataxia Foundation (USA)
Category:Complications of stroke
Category:Symptoms and signs: Nervous system |
Ataxia | Table of Content | Short description, Types, Cerebellar, Sensory, Vestibular, Causes, Focal lesions, Exogenous substances (metabolic ataxia), Radiation poisoning, Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency, Hypothyroidism, Causes of isolated sensory ataxia, Non-hereditary cerebellar degeneration, Hereditary ataxias, Arnold–Chiari malformation (co... |
Abdul Alhazred | # | Redirect Necronomicon#Fictional history
Category:Characters in short stories
Category:Fictional Arabs
Category:Fictional characters with mental disorders
Category:Fictional pagans
Category:Fictional poets
Category:Fictional characters who use magic
Category:Literary characters introduced in 1921 |
Abdul Alhazred | Table of Content | # |
Ada Lovelace | Short description | Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (née Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852), also known as Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. She was the first to recognise that the machin... |
Ada Lovelace | Biography | Biography |