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The chimera was potent in inducing both acute and chronic EAMG, though less potent than Torpedo electric organ AChR.
W1968206925
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
824,516.9375
Wildtype AChBP also induced EAMG but was less potent, and weakness developed slowly without an acute phase.
W1968206925
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
698,474
AChBP is more closely related in sequence to neuronal α7 AChRs that are also homomeric however, autoimmune responses were induced to muscle AChR, but not to neuronal AChR subtypes.
W1968206925
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
782,614
The greater accessibility of muscle AChRs to antibodies, compared to neuronal AChRs, may allow muscle AChRs to induce selfsustaining autoimmune responses.
W1968206925
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Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas
740,266
The human α1 subunit MIR is a potent immunogen for producing pathologically significant autoantibodies.
W1968206925
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Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
629,505
Additional epitopes in this region or other parts of the AChR extracellular domain contribute significantly to myasthenogenicity.
W1968206925
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Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form
701,727.0625
We show that an AChRrelated protein can induce EAMG.
W1968206925
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Indicating an expected outcome
583,390
Thus, in principle, an AChRrelated protein could induce MG.
W1968206925
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Making recommendations for further research work
806,884.9375
AChBP is a watersoluble protein resembling the extracellular domain of AChRs, yet rats that developed EAMG had autoantibodies to AChR cytoplasmic domains.
W1968206925
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Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
637,100
We propose that an initial autoimmune response, directed at the MIR on the extracellular surface of muscle AChRs, leads to an autoimmune response sustained by muscle AChRs.
W1968206925
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates
637,924
Autoimmune stimulation sustained by endogenous muscle AChR may be a target for specific immunosuppression.
W1968206925
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
697,475.0625
By many years, DDT was the pesticide for excellence to fight plagues and vectors of diseases.
W143695098
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
693,275.0625
Nevertheless, after a series of attacks nonscientists based on the book Silence Spring, DDT was prohibited by the EPA in 1972.
W143695098
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Referring to important texts in the area of interest
634,943
However, new discoveries put in judgment the validity of such attacks.
W143695098
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Referring to important texts in the area of interest
802,012.9375
The objective of this study was to review the results and methodologies of diverse studies about the relation between the DDT exposure and the incidence of certain types of cancers, which establish conclusions on such matter.
W143695098
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Describing the characteristics of the participants
628,351
Several cancer were investigated pancreas, no Hodgkin lymphoma NHL, endometrial and breast.
W143695098
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Explaining the provenance of articles for review
760,154
With regard to cancer of pancreas, it has littleknown and unidentified factors of risk.
W143695098
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
630,260
Studies carried out in 1987 and 1998, showed incongruities, since while one associated the exhibition to the pesticide with the development of cancer, the other demonstrated that some correlation between the exposure and the development did not exist.
W143695098
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Introducing the limitations of the current study
616,228
NHL originated an abnormal reproduction of the cells of the lymphatic system, which produces, with time, the growth and development of tumors and one of its main characteristics is the failure of the mechanisms that produce apoptosis.
W143695098
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[ { "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": 635550 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 647250 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the current study", "s": 654646 }, { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of...
Identifying a controversy within the field of study
621,583
The relation between this disease and the exposure to DDT has demonstrated certain tendency in four studies made in USA and Canada, the risk probabilities were 2.0, 2.0, 1.8 and 1.7 respectively.
W143695098
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
662,034
On the other hand, on the basis of the theory that certain types of cancer in humans come from the endocrines effects of the environmental polluting agents, diverse studies have been made to determine, the relation between the cancer of endometrial, breast and the hormonal effects that produce the metabolites of the DD...
W143695098
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Describing the process: sequence words
583,362
A study in Sweden, demonstrated that, although the DDE was in greater average concentration in serum than other pesticides 600 700 ngg of lipid fraction, not significant differences in the risk of exposure were found.
W143695098
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Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
665,664
Based on these analyzed data, there was not any association between the risk in the appearance of endometrial cancer and the serum organochlorine compounds levels.
W143695098
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Describing the characteristics of the participants
662,873
For the breast cancer, this knowledge is lower since the risk factors only explain less then 50 percent of the cases.
W143695098
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Referring to important texts in the area of interest
602,861
The only study that has demonstrated to an association between the hormonal effects of the DDE and the probability of developing cancer was developed in 1993, but since then, at least 30 studies have documented that a clearly significant relation do not exist.
W143695098
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
575,973
The article presents the results of a study of sources, methods and forms of financing the activities of state autonomous educational institutions of additional professional education in the field of road transport.
W3163728317
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Describing the limitations of the current study
630,797
The main aspects of the integration of financial leasing into the financing system of an autonomous institution of continuing education are highlighted.
W3163728317
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Describing the limitations of the current study
546,417
Abstract The cytogenesis in the vestibular sensory epithelium of mouse embryo otocysts grown in organ culture was examined using tritiated thymidine autoradiography.
W1974358554
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Offering an explanation for the findings
779,412.9375
Pulselabeling with 3 Hthymidine was applied either in vivo , at various intervals before explantation, or in vitro at specific stages of development.
W1974358554
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
679,632
Observations of the development in vitro showed that the cytogenesis and cytodifferentiation of vestibular sensory cells were disturbed by explantation.
W1974358554
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
720,395.0625
By varying the intervals between the 3 Hthymidine exposure and the date of explantation, we were able to demonstrate that explantation itself caused a significant decrease in the mitotic and the postmitotic phases of the hair cell precursors.
W1974358554
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
591,908
Labeling of the expiants excised on day 13 of gestation revealed that precursors of the hair cells were progressively losing their mitotic capacity in vitro .
W1974358554
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
636,609
In contrast with this finding, precursors of the supporting cells were less affected by explantation and culture conditions and they retained the capacity for survival, proliferation and differentiation.
W1974358554
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Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)
655,299
Quantum branching programs quantum binary decision diagrams, respectively are a convenient tool for examining quantum computations using only a logarithmic amount of space.
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Highlighting significant data in a table or chart
671,612
Recently several types of restricted quantum branching programs have been considered, e. g. readonce quantum branching programs.
W1652601522
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Indicating an expected outcome
760,495.0625
This paper considers quantum ordered binary decision diagrams QOBDDs and answers the question How does the computational power of QOBDDs increase, if we allow repeated tests.
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Indicating the use of an established method
687,454
Additionally it is described how to synthesize QOBDDs according to Boolean operations.
W1652601522
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
791,198
The effect of Argatriopeptin III ANP on basal and stimulated angiotensin II, acetylcholine and KCl depolarization arginine vasopressin AVP release was characterized in the intact hypothalamoneurohypophysial explant HNS and in isolated neurointermediate pituitary lobes NIL.
W1973734991
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
823,995.0625
In initial experiments using 15min incubation periods, ANP 1010 and 109 M slightly inhibited basal AVP release in both NIL and HNS after a delay of at least 15 min. The most effective ANP concentration was 1010 M, and the inhibitory effect on AVP release was more marked in HNS 52 5 of control compared to 29 8 for NIL.
W1973734991
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
752,022
However, ANP 1010 M did not significantly attenuate KCl or AII 105 Mstimulated AVP release from HNS after 15 min of exposure.
W1973734991
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
815,888
When the incubation periods were increased to 30 min ANP 1010 and 109 M significantly decreased AIIstimulated 105 M AVP release in a dosedependent manner p less than 0.05 p less than 0.01, respectively.
W1973734991
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Previous research: What has been established or proposed
866,522
The same concentrations of ANP did not significantly depress ACHstimulated 105 M AVP release p less than 0.1 for both concentrations.
W1973734991
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
697,990
In summary, ANP generally inhibits AVP release in vitro by a slowly activated mechanism which appears to be specific for certain physiological stimuli.
W1973734991
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
827,199.0625
Although the sites of action cannot be absolutely localized to the ventral hypothalamus andor the neurohypophysis, an effect in the hypothalamus seems very likely.
W1973734991
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Stating what is currently known about the topic
607,957
The article is devoted to the generalization of data on mining of natural resources in Rostov region.
W184884750
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
614,772
Fields of energy resources coal, fuel oil, gas, condensate, fluxing limestone, refractory clays, molding sand, cement, quartzite, agrimineral raw materials, silicon materials, building materials used in the economy have been reviewed.
W184884750
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
838,340.9375
Figures on explored deposits, distributed and undistributed minerals have been given.
W184884750
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[ { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": 800295.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to secondary sources", "s": 821624.9375 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Introducing excerpts from interview data", "s": 825196 }, { "m": "Referring to the literature to jus...
Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
777,487.0625
Introduction Needle stick and sharp injuries NSSIs are hazardous and are frequently reported injuries among health care workers HCW.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Previous research: What has been established or proposed", "s": 707224.9375 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions", "s": 714784.9375 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 725112 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish wh...
Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
695,520.9375
These injuries expose them to infectious disease pathogens such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV that can be lethal.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas", "s": 812099.0625 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 816056.9375 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 831880.9375 }, { "m": "Previewing ...
Reporting positive and negative reactions
805,594
The physicians, nurses, medical students and other healthcare workers are highly susceptible to needle stick injuries.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 742070 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 784642 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates", "s": 795260 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting...
Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
710,939.0625
Standard precautions are available for all the workers and students safety purposes.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": 651568 }, { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 676312 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human science...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
631,259
Every incident is compulsory to be reported but some are underreported.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Suggesting implications for what is already known", "s": 705488 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 781436 }, { "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart", "s": 792702 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is alrea...
Stating what is currently known about the topic
676,178
This represents a missed opportunity for initiating post exposrure prophylaxis, early detection of seroconversion and implementation of prevention strategies.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 827054 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 834096.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 837259.0625 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the nex...
Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
735,676.9375
Objectives Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department is one of the department estimated as high risk of sharp injuries.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 770842 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 814288.9375 }, { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 836704 }, ...
Suggesting general hypotheses
758,431.0625
The objective of the study is to identify the prevalence of needle stick and sharps injuries NSSIs and the rate of underreporting to occupational health services.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 696923.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": 708036.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 720439.0625 }, { "m": "Establising the imp...
Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
641,122
It also aims to explore the reasons for underreporting and the knowledge, awareness and perception of risk of needle stick injuries in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of two teaching hospitals in Malaysia.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", "s": 800152.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 820464 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 853270 }, { "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected", ...
Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
748,352
Methods A crosssectional study of 194 respondents involving all the healthcare workers and students Specialists, Medical Offiers, House offiers, Nurses, Medical assistants, Medical students and nursing students from Obstertrics and Gynaecology wards in two teaching hospitals who are willing to participate were included...
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 731751.0625 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 738112 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions", "s": 751527.0625 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", ...
Summarising the results section
706,675.0625
A structured questionnaire was used as the survey instrument.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 820050 }, { "m": "Describing the process: sequence words", "s": 840655.0625 }, { "m": "Introducing the limitations of the current study", "s": 84304...
Describing questionnaire design
621,807
By using statistical analysis, we compared the data of sociodemographics of health workers, injury information, knowledge on risk of needle stick injury and risk perception on needle stick injury.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 731915.0625 }, { "m": "Commenting on the findings", "s": 795464.9375 }, { "m": "Highlighting significant data in a table or chart", "s": 810622 }, { "m": "Noting implications of the findings", "s": 846394 } ]
Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
723,979.0625
Results Out of 194 respondents, a total of 199.8 respondents sustained needle stick injury.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 802464.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach ", "s": 815847.0625 }, { "m": "Previous research: Approaches taken", "s": 824840 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findi...
Transition: moving to the next result
739,903.0625
The prevalence was highest among medical student, 42.1n8.
W1838055451
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Offering an explanation for the findings
752,320
Among the 19 cases, 36.8 did not report the incident due to perceived low risk of Hepatitis BHuman Immuno defiiency virus infection 42.9, and that it was not important to report the incident 28.6.
W1838055451
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[ { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 705803.0625 }, { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 715831.0625 }, { "m": "Comparing the result: contradicting previous findings", "s": 728167.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to previou...
Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
677,412
Conclusion There is a fair understanding of Universal Work Precaution among the HWCs in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in both the hospitals.
W1838055451
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
688,558
However, there still exist a large gap between their knowledge, attitude and practice of the universal work precaution.
W1838055451
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
594,002
As noted in the study, the highest prevalence of needle stick injury and its underreporting is among medical students.
W1838055451
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Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed
677,612.9375
Therefore, exposure prevention among the students must be an institutionalconcern, although every student must be aware of their responsibility for this prevention.
W1838055451
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Explaining the provenance of articles for review
737,822
Completion of three doses of Hepatitis B must be reiterated and HWCs must also be aware of their antibody status.
W1838055451
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Indicating an expected outcome
704,320.9375
Services dominate all advanced economies but service innovations are still an underresearched topic.
W1507092052
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[ { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 846124.9375 }, { "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": 855983.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 878744...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
807,791.0625
One of the reasons are definitional and measurement difficulties.
W1507092052
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Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas
654,907
The goal of the paper is to highlight those by reviewing recent literature and to assess the current state of knowledge and challenges.
W1507092052
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Offering an explanation for the findings
624,679
Theoretical approaches, empirical techniques and selected empirical results are discussed.
W1507092052
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
903,964.9375
Apparently the biggest challenge, at this point, is to create a unified conceptual framework, that would encompass both manufacturing ad services.
W1507092052
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
663,499
Meeting this challenge will, however, be difficult, given the strong focus on manufacturing, both in the literature and in the way enterprise surveys are designed.
W1507092052
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
608,130
According to the reality of Hebei Software Institute, the paper proposes the guidance idea, basic principle as well as objectives and requirements for the specialties practicality teaching system.
W2350236806
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 738668.9375 }, { "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": 741126 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied hum...
Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
713,483.0625
It discusses how to manage practicality teaching by the construction of practicality teaching system.
W2350236806
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Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas
817,030
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal aberration.
W2749373592
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[ { "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart", "s": 662291 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 699815.0625 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 717784 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result"...
Describing the process: using + instrument
620,314
Patientswith Down syndrome suffer more infections than those without the disease.
W2749373592
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Transition: moving to the next result
746,247.0625
Underlying immunological disorders are consideredto be the reason for the increasing frequency of infections in patients with Down syndrome.
W2749373592
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Previous research: area investigated as the sentence subject
727,840
In addition, some anatomical abnormalities in the respiratory tractaccompanying Down syndrome can disturb the innate immunity and contribute to the increase in infection rate.
W2749373592
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[ { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent", "s": 684608 }, { "m": "Stating purpose of the current research with reference to gaps or issues in the literature", "s": 716392 }, { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": 810191....
Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
655,204
Respiratory tract infections are one of the most common causes of mortality in patients with Down syndrome.
W2749373592
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
677,778
Awareness of the underlying reason for frequent respiratory tract infections should result in a decrease in mortality among these patients and contribute to an improvementin their quality of life.
W2749373592
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[ { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 749060 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline: time frame given", "s": 796864 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied...
Transition: moving to the next result
748,728
Provincial English Anglican and nonconformist church music, commonly known as psalmody, underwent profound changes during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
W1603560878
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[ { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 709714 }, { "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": 718103.0625 }, { "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": 738052.9375 }, { "m": "Stating purpose ...
Transition: moving to the next result
681,731.0625
In 1700 the music in most parish churches was limited to a few unaccompanied metrical psalm tunes, sung slowly and unrhythmically by an apathetic congregation.
W1603560878
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
784,538
Attempts at reform led to the introduction of organs and choirs of charity children in towns, and to the growth of a florid, distinctive style of vernacular music in less affluent rural areas.
W1603560878
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
555,732
This was often composed and taught by itinerant singing masters and was Performed by a mixed group of singers and instrumentalists.
W1603560878
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
631,049
It continued to flourish in country parishes until it was gradually ousted by the Oxford Movement in the mid nineteenth century.
W1603560878
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
735,094
Similar developments occurred later in nonconformity with more congregational participation.
W1603560878
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
855,184
This thesis discusses the available musical and literary sources and places psalmody in its historical and musical context,before tracing developments within the Anglican and nonconformist traditions.
W1603560878
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Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas
592,333
The organisation, size and vocal range of choirs is considered but the main focus is on the use of voices and instruments.
W1603560878
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Describing the process: using + instrument
521,664
The problems of the correct allocation of parts is investigated in some detail, because this has important performance implications and was further complicated when instruments began to be introduced in the later 1700s.
W1603560878
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Previous research: area investigated as the sentence subject
638,874
The scoring of largescale instrumental pieces is also analysed.
W1603560878
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Offering an explanation for the findings
671,487.0625
Finally, the didactic introductions of psalmody tune books are examined since,until the mid eighteenth century,they provided essential performance instructions on tempi, dynamics,ornamentation and voice production.
W1603560878
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Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed
615,474
The main purpose, of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of psalmody during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, in order to inform modern performance and to provide evidence that will stimulate further research.
W1603560878
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
634,373
A music anthology and two CDs containing music recordings and a database are included.
W1603560878
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Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
763,924
Recently, the pulsed ultrasonic Doppler method has been widely applied to the field of medicine.
W2032930163
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Describing the research design and the methods used
576,590
The color flow mapping system is helpful in a clinical decision.
W2032930163
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
645,013
But the system is not sufficient for quantitative measurement of blood flow in the heart.
W2032930163
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
704,976
The reason for this is the limitation of the measurable speed range due to aliasing of the pulsed Doppler system.
W2032930163
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
680,260.9375
On the other hand, there is a need for the observation of lowspeed flow in organs such as the liver.
W2032930163
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Explaining the provenance of articles for review
572,641
Now, an extensive pulsed ultrasonic Doppler method is proposed here.
W2032930163
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent
810,832