id stringlengths 15 156 ⌀ | content stringlengths 1 234k ⌀ |
|---|---|
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_1_10.txt | a
TRPM
Alpha/α (inc. TRPM1, 3, 6, and 7)
Choanoflagellates and animals (except tardigrades)
Beta/β (inc. TRPM2, 4, 5, and 8)
TRPM, M for "melastatin", was found during a comparative genetic analysis between benign nevi and malignant nevi (melanoma). Mutations within TRPM channels have been associated with hypomag... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_2_4.txt | –Boltzmann distribution, and to the Boltzmann statistical mechanical definition of entropy, as distinct from the Gibbs definition, for independently moving microscopic particles, disregarding interparticle potential energy, by international agreement, a temperature scale is defined and said to be absolute because it is... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_26.txt | an efficiency greater than 100% violates the first law of thermodynamics, this implies that 0 K is the minimum possible temperature. In fact, the lowest temperature ever obtained in a macroscopic system was 20 nK, which was achieved in 1995 at NIST. Subtracting the right hand side of (5) from the middle portion and re... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_6.txt | llar Evolution: The Life and Death of Our Luminous Neighbors". GS265. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 2009-01-16. More informative links can be found here "Chapter 21 Stellar Explosions". Archived from the original on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2016-02-08., and here "Trans". Archived from the original ... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_26.txt | 69-5.
^ F. Reif (1965). Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. McGraw-Hill. p. 102. ISBN 9780070518001.
^ M.J. Moran; H.N. Shapiro (2006). "1.6.1". Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (5 ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-470-03037-0.
^ T.W. Leland, Jr. "Basic Principles of Classical |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_47.txt | . p. §90 & §137. eqs.(39), (40), & (65).
^ Prati, E. (2010). "The finite quantum grand canonical ensemble and temperature from single-electron statistics for a mesoscopic device". J. Stat. Mech. 1 (1): P01003. arXiv:1001.2342. Bibcode:2010JSMTE..01..003P. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2010/01/P01003. S2CID 118339343. |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_52.txt | atures". SVS. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
^ This the Hawking Radiation for a Schwarzschild black hole of mass M = 4.145×10 M☉. It is too faint to be observed.
^ "World record in low temperatures". Archived from the original on 2009-06-18. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
^ Results of research by Stefan Bathe using the PHENIX Archiv... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_5_2.txt | TRPV6, TRPC1, TRPC6, TRPM4, TRPM5, and TRPM8. TRPV1 and TRPV2 have been implicated in breast cancer. TRPV1 expression in aggregates found at endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and/or surrounding these structures in breast cancer patients confer worse survival.
TRPM family of ion channels are particularly associa... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_31.txt | ):
S
=
k
B
ln
(
W
)
{\displaystyle S=k_{\mathrm {B} }\ln(W)}
where
k
B
{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {B} }}
is the Boltzmann constant and W is the number of microstates with the energy E of the system (degeneracy).
When two systems with different temperatures are put into purely thermal connection, ... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_41.txt | from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-28.
^ Balescu, R. (1975). Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Wiley, New York, ISBN 0-471-04600-0, pp. 148–154.
^ Kittel, Charles; Kroemer, Herbert (1980). Thermal Physics (2nd ed.). W.H. Freeman Company. pp. 391–397. ISBN 978-0-7167-1088-2.
^ Kondepudi, D.K |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_2_0.txt | Chemical sensor[edit]
A chemical sensor is a self-contained analytical device that can provide information about the chemical composition of its environment, that is, a liquid or a gas phase. The information is provided in the form of a measurable physical signal that is correlated with the concentration of a certain c... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_23.txt | refer to temperature." "Thermodynamics by George Hartley Bryan". Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
^ Mach, E. (1900). Die Principien der Wärmelehre. Historisch-kritisch entwickelt, Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, section 22, pp. 56–57.
^ Serrin, J. (1986). Chapter 1, 'An Outline ... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_6_2.txt | found that the TRPL (TRP-like) cation channel was a direct target for tastants in gustatory receptor neurons and could be reversibly down-regulated. |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_1_2.txt | repeat sequence, a C-terminal TRP domain sequence, or both—whereas both group two sub-families have neither. Below are members of the sub-families and a brief description of each:
TRPA[edit]
Family
Sub-Family
Known Taxa
TRPA
TRPA1
Vertebrates, arthropods, and molluscs
TRPA-like
Choanoflagellates, cnidarians, ... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_0_0.txt | Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. Most of these are grouped into two broad groups: Group 1 includes TRPC ( "C" for canonical), TRPV ("V" for vanilloid), TRPVL ("VL" for vanilloid-like), TRPM ("M" for mela... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_1_6.txt | signal processing, such as filtering, usually at the expense of the dynamic behavior of the sensor.
Resolution[edit]
The sensor resolution or measurement resolution is the smallest change that can be detected in the quantity that is being measured. The resolution of a sensor with a digital output is usually the numeri... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_18.txt | {cy}}}{q_{\text{H}}}}={\frac {q_{\text{H}}+q_{\text{C}}}{q_{\text{H}}}}=1-{\frac {|q_{\text{C}}|}{q_{\text{H}}}},}
(4)
where wcy is the work done per cycle. The efficiency depends only on |qC|/qH. Because qC and qH correspond to heat transfer at the temperatures |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_5_5.txt | overexpressed p-gp expels chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin triggering chemoresistance. Chemoresistant breast cancer cells overexpressing TRPC5 transfer channel units to chemo sensitive recipient cells via extracellular vesicles (EV), leading to the development of TRPC5-mediated chemoresistance in these cells... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_15.txt | Adkins, C.J. (1968/1983), pp. 119–120.
^ Buchdahl, H.A. (1966), pp. 137–138.
^ Tschoegl, N.W. (2000), p. 88.
^ Fermi, E. (1956). Thermodynamics. Dover Publications (still in print). p. 48. eq.(64).
^ Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin) (1848).
^ Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin) ( |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_3_1.txt | system, where the information is then processed. Bundles of fibres or axons, in the peripheral nervous system are called nerves, and bundles of afferent fibers are known as sensory nerves.
An efferent nerve fiber conducts signals from a motor neuron in the central nervous system to muscles. Bundles of these fibres ar... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_1_4.txt | ensitivity. These channels have been shown to be both mechanical receptors for pain and chemosensors activated by various chemical species, including isothiocyanates (pungent chemicals in substances such as mustard oil and wasabi), cannabinoids, general and local analgesics, and cinnamaldehyde.
While TRPA1 is expressed... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_8_7.txt | ]
The field of plasma physics deals with phenomena of electromagnetic nature that involve very high temperatures. It is customary to express temperature as energy in a unit related to the electronvolt or kiloelectronvolt (eV/kB or keV/kB). The corresponding energy, which is dimensionally distinct from temperature, is t... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_8_4.txt | the temperature at which all classical translational motion of the particles comprising matter ceases and they are at complete rest in the classical model. Quantum-mechanically, however, zero-point motion remains and has an associated energy, the zero-point energy. Matter is in its ground state, and contains no therm... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_10_4.txt | 000 °C
100 nm(far ultraviolet light)
Sun's core
16 MK
16 million °C
0.18 nm(X-rays)
Thermonuclear weapon(peak temperature)
350 MK
350 million °C
8.3×10 nm(gamma rays)
Sandia National Labs'Z machine
2 GK
2 billion °C
1.4×10 nm(gamma rays)
|
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_39.txt | temperature is 194.6 K. No body can be brought to exactly 0 K (the temperature of the ideally coldest possible body) by any finite practicable process; this is a consequence of the third law of thermodynamics.
The international kinetic theory temperature of a body cannot take negative values. The thermodynamic tempera... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_6_8.txt | For the axiomatic treatment of thermodynamic equilibrium, since the 1930s, it has become customary to refer to a zeroth law of thermodynamics. The customarily stated minimalist version of such a law postulates only that all bodies, which when thermally connected would be in thermal equilibrium, should be said to have t... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_4_2.txt | plasma membrane in response to light. When these channels open, they allow sodium and calcium to enter the cell down the concentration gradient, which depolarizes the membrane. Variations in light intensity affect the total number of open TRP/TRPL channels, and, therefore, the degree of membrane depolarization. These ... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_9.txt | Ray Bursts Archived 2017-11-22 at the Wayback Machine, R. Oechslin et al. of Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. Archived 2005-04-03 at the Wayback Machine, arXiv:astro-ph/0507099 v2, 22 Feb. 2006. An html summary Archived 2010-11-09 at the Wayback Machine.
Citations
^ Agency, International Atomic Energy (1974). Th... |
temperature_sensed/Room_temperature_2_2.txt | risk of exposure to high indoor temperatures is only "conditional". Minimal-risk high temperatures range from about 21 to 30 °C (70 to 86 °F) depending on the region, with maximum acceptable temperatures between 25 and 32 °C (77 and 90 °F). |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_5_11.txt | ({\frac {\partial S}{\partial U}}\right)_{V,N}.}
(3)
The above definition, equation (1), of the absolute temperature, is due to Kelvin. It refers to systems closed to the transfer of matter and has a special emphasis on directly experimental procedures. A presentation of thermodynamics by Gibbs s... |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_1_2.txt | barrier similar to the blood–brain barrier. Molecules are thereby prevented from crossing the blood into the endoneurial fluid. During the development of nerve edema from nerve irritation (or injury), the amount of endoneurial fluid may increase at the site of irritation. This increase in fluid can be visualized using... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_3_0.txt | Classification of scales[edit]
There are various kinds of temperature scale. It may be convenient to classify them as empirically and theoretically based. Empirical temperature scales are historically older, while theoretically based scales arose in the middle of the nineteenth century.
Empirical scales[edit]
Empirical... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_2.txt | at the Wayback Machine produced a value of 5,777.0±2.5 K. Citation: Overview of the Sun (Chapter 1 lecture notes on Solar Physics by Division of Theoretical Physics, Dept. of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki).
^ The 350 MK value is the maximum peak fusion fuel temperature in a thermonuclear weapon of the Tel... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_29.txt | S}}.}
(9)
For a constant-volume system where entropy S(E) is a function of its energy E, dE = dqrev and (9) gives
T
−
1
=
d
d
E
S
(
E
)
,
{\displaystyle T^{-1}={\frac {d}{dE}}S(E),}
|
temperature_sensed/Temperature_6_5.txt | .
Except for a system undergoing a first-order phase change such as the melting of ice, as a closed system receives heat, without a change in its volume and without a change in external force fields acting on it, its temperature rises. For a system undergoing such a phase change so slowly that departure from thermodyna... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_21.txt |
q
3
,
{\displaystyle q_{13}={\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{q_{2}q_{3}}},}
which implies
q
13
=
f
(
T
1
,
T
3
)
=
f
(
T
1
,
T
2
)
f
(
T
2
, |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_6_10.txt | law of thermodynamics postulates that absolute zero cannot be attained by any physical system. |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_5_3.txt |
Mauthner cells have been described as command neurons. A command neuron is a special type of identified neuron, defined as a neuron that is capable of driving a specific behavior all by itself. Such neurons appear most commonly in the fast escape systems of various species—the squid giant axon and squid giant synaps... |
temperature_sensed/Room_temperature_0_0.txt | Colloquially, room temperature is a range of air temperatures that most people prefer for indoor settings. These temperatures feel comfortable to people wearing typical indoor clothing. But comfortable temperatures can be extended beyond this range depending on humidity, air circulation, and other factors.
In certain f... |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_4_0.txt | Clinical significance[edit]
Micrograph demonstrating perineural invasion of prostate cancer. H&E stain.
Cancer can spread by invading the spaces around nerves. This is particularly common in head and neck cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer.
Nerves can be damaged by physical injury as well as conditions like ... |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_7_0.txt | See also[edit]
Biology portal
Connective tissue in the peripheral nervous system
Dermatome (anatomy)
List of nerves of the human body
Nerve injury
Neuropathy
Nerve injury classification |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_43.txt | . Retrieved 2019-05-20.
^ "Kinetic Theory". galileo.phys.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
^ Tolman, R.C. (1938). The Principles of Statistical Mechanics, Oxford University Press, London, pp. 93, 655.
^ Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula (2006). Physical Chemistry (8 ed.)... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_22.txt |
T
3
)
.
{\displaystyle q_{13}=f\left(T_{1},T_{3}\right)=f\left(T_{1},T_{2}\right)f\left(T_{2},T_{3}\right).}
Since the first function is independent of T2, this temperature must cancel on the right side, meaning f(T1, T3) is of the form g(T1)/g(T3) (i.e. f(T1, T |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_3_0.txt | Biosensor[edit]
Main article: Biosensor
In biomedicine and biotechnology, sensors which detect analytes thanks to a biological component, such as cells, protein, nucleic acid or biomimetic polymers, are called biosensors.
Whereas a non-biological sensor, even organic (carbon chemistry), for biological analytes is refe... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_10.txt | as the result of a panel meeting held in Vienna, 23–27 October 1972. International Atomic Energy Agency.
^ Watkinson, John (2001). The Art of Digital Audio. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-240-51587-8.
^ Middleton, W.E.K. (1966), pp. 89–105.
^ Joanna Thompson (2021-10-14). "Scientists just broke the record for the col... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_2_2.txt | that distinguish this group from others. Starting from the intracellular N-terminus there are varying lengths of ankryin repeats (except in TRPM) that aid with membrane anchoring and other protein interactions. Shortly following S6 on the C-terminal end, there is a highly conserved TRP domain (except in TRPA) which is... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_2_2.txt | array is a sensor architecture with multiple sensor components that create a pattern for analyte detection from the additive responses of individual sensor components. There exist several types of chemical sensor arrays including electronic, optical, acoustic wave, and potentiometric devices. These chemical sensor arr... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_35.txt | a flow of heat from high to low temperature, which brings an increase in total entropy, is more likely than any other scenario (normally it is much more likely), as there are more microstates in the resulting macrostate.
Generalized temperature from single-particle statistics[edit]
It is possible to extend the definit... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_6_1.txt | is not necessarily the case that a material in a particular place is in a state that is steady and nearly homogeneous enough to allow it to have a well-defined hotness or temperature. Hotness may be represented abstractly as a one-dimensional manifold. Every valid temperature scale has its own one-to-one map into the ... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_1_13.txt | cnidarians, nematodes, arthropods, molluscs, annelids, and vertebrates (excluding amniotes)
TRPN was originally described in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans as nompC, a mechanically gated ion channel. Only a single TRPN, N for "no mechanoreceptor potential C," or "nompC", is known to be broadly expr... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_5_4.txt | uclear Factor of Activated T Cells, Cytoplasmic 3), which triggers p-glycoprotein (p-gp) transcription. The overexpression of p-gp is widely recognized as a major factor in chemoresistance in cancer cells, as it functions as an active efflux pump that can remove various foreign substances, including chemotherapeutic ag... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_17.txt | off at the low temperature, qC < 0.
The efficiency is the work divided by the heat input:
efficiency
=
w
cy
q
H
=
q
H
+
q
C
q
H
=
1
−
|
q
C
|
q
H
,
{\displaystyle {\text{efficiency}}={\frac {w_{\text |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_38.txt | _{2}}{\tau _{1}}}\right)}},}
where EF is the Fermi energy. This generalized temperature tends to the ordinary temperature when N goes to infinity.
Negative temperature[edit]
Main article: Negative temperature
On the empirical temperature scales that are not referenced to absolute zero, a negative temperature is one b... |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_2_1.txt | the neurilemma near the injury to begin producing a regeneration tube. Nerve growth factors are produced causing many nerve sprouts to bud. When one of the growth processes finds the regeneration tube, it begins to grow rapidly towards its original destination guided the entire time by the regeneration tube. Nerve re... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_1.txt | 301, 12 Sept. 2003, p. 1515. This record's peak emittance black-body wavelength of 6,400 kilometers is roughly the radius of Earth.
^ The peak emittance wavelength of 2.89777 m is a frequency of 103.456 MHz
^ Since 2019, Kelvin is now defined on the Boltzmann constant, so that the triple point is 273.16±0.0001 K
^ ... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_10_2.txt | C
2.89777 m(radio, FM band)
Cosmic microwave background(2013 measurement)
2.7260 K
−270.424 °C
0.00106301 m(millimeter-wavelength microwave)
Water triple point(previously by definition)
273.16 K
0.01 °C
10608.3 nm(long-wavelength IR)
Water boiling point
373.1339 K
99.9839 |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_6_4.txt | independently of calorimetry, of thermodynamics, and of properties of particular materials, from Wien's displacement law of thermal radiation: the temperature of a bath of thermal radiation is proportional, by a universal constant, to the frequency of the maximum of its frequency spectrum; this frequency is always pos... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_8_11.txt | (typical observational scale) may be too coarse-grained as they average out the microscopic thermal information based on the scale of the representative sample volume of the control system, and thus it is likely that temperature discontinuities at the micro-scale may be overlooked in such averages. Such an averaging m... |
temperature_sensed/Room_temperature_1_4.txt | conditioning or relatively high expense of heating.)
In the UK, the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963 provides for a minimum temperature in commercial premises, but not for a maximum temperature. |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_14_3.txt | (RH)
Mixing ratio
Potential temperature (θ)
Equivalent potential temperature (θe)
Sea surface temperature (SST)
Temperature anomaly
Thermodynamic temperature
Vapor pressure
Virtual temperature
Wet-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb globe temperature
Wet-bulb potential temperature
Wind chill
Pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Barocl... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_3_3.txt | They are more or less ideally realized in practically feasible physical devices and materials. Theoretically based temperature scales are used to provide calibrating standards for practical empirically based thermometers.
Microscopic statistical mechanical scale[edit]
In physics, the internationally agreed conventiona... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_14_1.txt | apse rate
Lightning
Surface solar radiation
Surface weather analysis
Visibility
Vorticity
Wind
Wind shear
Condensation
Cloud
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
Fog
Convective condensation level (CCL)
Lifted condensation level (LCL)
Precipitable water
Precipitation
Water vapor
Convection
Convective available potential ener... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_0_4.txt | information can be obtained by anyone, anywhere and at any time, without the need for recalibration and worrying about contamination. |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_5_8.txt | be referred to a specific intensive variable. An example is a diathermic wall that is permeable only to heat; the intensive variable for this case is temperature. When the two bodies have been connected through the specifically permeable wall for a very long time, and have settled to a permanent steady state, the rele... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_2.txt | or into a set of classical or quantum-mechanical oscillators and considers the system as a statistical ensemble of microstates. As a collection of classical material particles, the temperature is a measure of the mean energy of motion, called translational kinetic energy, of the particles, whether in solids, liquids, ... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_5_6.txt | by Richard F. Lyon at Xerox in 1980, used a 5 µm NMOS sensor chip. Since the first commercial optical mouse, the IntelliMouse introduced in 1999, most optical mouse devices use CMOS sensors.
Monitoring sensors[edit]
A LIDAR sensor (bottom, center), as part of the camera system on an iPad Pro.
MOS monitoring sensors ar... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_38.txt | 23-08-02.
^ Chen, Jie; Xu, Xiangfan; Zhou, Jun; Li, Baowen (2022-04-22). "Interfacial thermal resistance: Past, present, and future". Reviews of Modern Physics. 94 (2): 025002. Bibcode:2022RvMP...94b5002C. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.94.025002. S2CID 248350864.
^ Aursand, Eskil; Ytre |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_34.txt |
T
1
>
T
2
{\displaystyle T_{1}>T_{2}}
From the point of view of statistical mechanics, the total number of microstates in the combined system 1 + system 2 is
N
1
⋅
N
2
{\displaystyle N_{1}\cdot N_{2}}
, the logarithm of which (times the Boltzmann constant) is the sum of their entropies; th... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_4_2.txt | increase in the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules. Heating will also cause, through equipartitioning, the energy associated with vibrational and rotational modes to increase. Thus a diatomic gas will require more energy input to increase its temperature by a certain amount, i.e. it will have a grea... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_40.txt | odynamik". Mathematische Annalen. 67 (3): 355–386. doi:10.1007/BF01450409. S2CID 118230148.
^ Swendsen, Robert (March 2006). "Statistical mechanics of colloids and Boltzmann's definition of entropy" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 74 (3): 187–190. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..187S. doi:10.1119/1.2174962. S2CID 59471273.... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_3_10.txt | of a body at the temperature of the triple point of water. Then the reference temperature, that of the triple point, was defined to be exactly 273.16 K. Since May 2019, that value has not been fixed by definition but is to be measured through microscopic phenomena, involving the Boltzmann constant, as described above.... |
temperature_sensed/Room_temperature_2_0.txt | Health effects[edit]
See also: Sick building syndrome
A digital thermometer reading an ambient temperature of 36.4°C (97°F) in an unventilated room during a heat wave; a high indoor temperature can cause heat exhaustion or heat stroke in a person.
The World Health Organization in 1987 found that comfortable indoor tem... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_1_1.txt | square root of the absolute temperature |
temperature_sensed/Room_temperature_2_1.txt | 20 °C (68 °F) was recommended. Temperatures lower than 16 °C (61 °F) with humidity above 65% were associated with respiratory hazards including allergies.
The WHO's 2018 guidelines give a strong recommendation that a minimum of 18 °C (64 °F) is a "safe and well-balanced indoor temperature to protect the health of gene... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_4_1.txt | particle has an average kinetic energy of kBT/2 where kB denotes the Boltzmann constant. The translational motion of the particle has three degrees of freedom, so that, except at very low temperatures where quantum effects predominate, the average translational kinetic energy of a freely moving particle in a system wi... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_1_0.txt | Families[edit]
TRP channel groups and families.
In the animal TRP superfamily there are currently 9 proposed families split into two groups, each family containing a number of subfamilies. Group one consists of TRPC, TRPV, TRPVL, TRPA, TRPM, TRPS, and TRPN, while group two contains TRPP and TRPML. There is an additiona... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_54.txt | at the Wayback Machine.
Bibliography of cited references[edit]
Adkins, C.J. (1968/1983). Equilibrium Thermodynamics, (1st edition 1968), third edition 1983, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, ISBN 0-521-25445-0.
Buchdahl, H.A. (1966). The Concepts of Classical Thermodynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambrid... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_6.txt | or 'noble') gases.
Plots of pressure vs temperature for three different gas samples extrapolated to absolute zero
The ideal gas law is based on observed empirical relationships between pressure (p), volume (V), and temperature (T), and was recognized long before the kinetic theory of gases was developed (see Boyle's an... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_4_0.txt | Neuromorphic sensors[edit]
Neuromorphic sensors are sensors that physically mimic structures and functions of biological neural entities. One example of this is the event camera. |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_27.txt | {q_{\text{H}}}{T_{\text{H}}}}+{\frac {q_{\text{C}}}{T_{\text{C}}}}=0,}
where the negative sign indicates heat ejected from the system. This relationship suggests the existence of a state function, S, whose change characteristically vanishes for a complete cycle if it is defined by
d
S
=
d
q
rev
T
,
{\displ... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_4.txt | meaning for large ensembles of states or particles, to fulfill the requirements of the statistical model.
Kinetic energy is also considered as a component of thermal energy. The thermal energy may be partitioned into independent components attributed to the degrees of freedom of the particles or to the modes of oscill... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_1_9.txt | name from the neurodevelopmental disorder mucolipidosis IV. Mucolipidosis IV was first discovered in 1974 by E.R. Berman who noticed abnormalities in the eyes of an infant. These abnormalities soon became associated with mutations to the MCOLN1 gene which encodes for the TRPML1 ion channel. TRPML is still not highly c... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_11_2.txt | short descriptions of redirect targets
Rankine scale – Absolute temperature scale using Fahrenheit degrees
Relativistic heat conduction – Model compatible with special relativity
Satellite temperature measurements – Measurements of atmospheric, land surface or sea temperature by satellites.Pages displaying short descr... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_0_1.txt | platforms, the uses of sensors have expanded beyond the traditional fields of temperature, pressure and flow measurement, for example into MARG sensors.
Analog sensors such as potentiometers and force-sensing resistors are still widely used. Their applications include manufacturing and machinery, airplanes and aerospa... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_8_5.txt | absolute zero and the triple point of water; it established that one kelvin has precisely the same magnitude as one degree on the Celsius scale; and it established the difference between the null points of these scales as being 273.15 K (0 K = −273.15 °C and 273.16 K = 0.01 °C). Since 2019, there has been a new defini... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_3_1.txt | in-glass thermometer. Such scales are valid only within convenient ranges of temperature. For example, above the boiling point of mercury, a mercury-in-glass thermometer is impracticable. Most materials expand with temperature increase, but some materials, such as water, contract with temperature increase over some spe... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_3.txt | Function[edit]
TRP channels modulate ion entry driving forces and Ca and Mg transport machinery in the plasma membrane, where most of them are located. TRPs have important interactions with other proteins and often form signaling complexes, the exact pathways of which are unknown. TRP channels were initially discovere... |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_1_5.txt | anatomy
Specific terms are used to describe nerves and their actions. A nerve that supplies information to the brain from an area of the body, or controls an action of the body is said to innervate that section of the body or organ. Other terms relate to whether the nerve affects the same side ("ipsilateral") or opposi... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_12_50.txt | for Chemists and Physicists (fifth ed.), Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company., p. 157: "It is impossible by any procedure, no matter how idealized, to reduce the temperature of any system to zero temperature in a finite number of finite operations."
^ Pippard, A.B. (1957/1966). Elements of Classical Thermodyn... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_3_4.txt | conventional Kelvin temperature is not defined through comparison with the temperature of a reference state of a standard body, nor in terms of macroscopic thermodynamics.
Apart from the absolute zero of temperature, the Kelvin temperature of a body in a state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium is defined by measur... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_1_4.txt | , this is defined as drift. Long term drift over months or years is caused by physical changes in the sensor.
Noise is a random deviation of the signal that varies in time.
A hysteresis error causes the output value to vary depending on the previous input values. If a sensor's output is different depending on whether ... |
temperature_sensed/Nerve_3_4.txt | from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves. |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_5_5.txt | =-{\frac {Q_{1}}{Q_{2}}}.}
(1)
The zeroth law of thermodynamics allows this definition to be used to measure the absolute or thermodynamic temperature of an arbitrary body of interest, by making the other heat reservoir have the same temperature as the body of interest.
Kelvin's original work pos... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_11_0.txt | See also[edit]
Atmospheric temperature – Physical quantity that expresses hot and cold in the atmosphere
Body temperature – Ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries (thermoregulation)
Color temperature – Property of light sources related to black-body radiation
Dry-bulb temperature ... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_1_15.txt | 2-like
Animals
Brividos
Insects
TRPP, P for "polycistin", is named for polycystic kidney disease, which is associated with these channels. These channels are also referred to as PKD (polycistic kidney disease) ion channels.
PKD2-like genes (examples include TRPP2, TRPP3, and TRPP5) encode canonical TRP channels. P... |
temperature_sensed/Room_temperature_3_0.txt | Definitions in science and industry[edit]
Temperature ranges are defined as room temperature for certain products and processes in industry, science, standards, and consumer goods. For instance, for the shipping and storage of pharmaceuticals, the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) defines controlle... |
temperature_sensed/Temperature_9_40.txt | its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, the temperatures of the whole body and of the subsystem must be the same. The two temperatures can differ when, by work through externally imposed force fields, energy can be transferred to and from the subsystem, separately from the rest of the body; then the whole... |
temperature_sensed/Room_temperature_1_1.txt | of 26–28 °C (79–82 °F), comfortably cool 24–26 °C (75–79 °F) and comfortably warm 28–30 °C (82–86 °F). A field study conducted in Hyderabad, India returned a comfort band of 26–32.45 °C (79–90 °F) with a mean of 29.23 °C (85 °F). A study conducted in Jaipur, India among healthy young men showed that the neutral therma... |
temperature_sensed/Sensor_5_0.txt | MOS sensors[edit]
Metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology originates from the MOSFET (MOS field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor) invented by Mohamed M. Atalla and Dawon Kahng in 1959, and demonstrated in 1960. MOSFET sensors (MOS sensors) were later developed, and they have since been widely used to measure phy... |
temperature_sensed/Transient_receptor_potential_channel_0_2.txt | garlic (allicin), chili pepper (capsaicin), wasabi (allyl isothiocyanate); others are activated by menthol, camphor, peppermint, and cooling agents; yet others are activated by molecules found in cannabis (i.e., THC, CBD and CBN) or stevia. Some act as sensors of osmotic pressure, volume, stretch, and vibration. Most ... |
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