text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
phenylephrine , adrenaline , and noradrenaline have been shown to act on both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors to produce an increase in heart rate in the pithed rat and rat isolated atria . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
33,
46
]
} |
the rank order of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists to produce positive chronotropic responses was adrenaline greater than noradrenaline greater than phenylephrine greater than methoxamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
93,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
117,
130
]
} |
in a second study , it was shown that both alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes are involved in the vasoconstrictor effect of exogenous adrenaline and noradrenaline . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
127,
137
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
142,
155
]
} |
the bolus dose of isoproterenol which increased heart rate by 25 beats/min ( cd25 ) as well as plasma norepinephrine , epinephrine , and renin activity were measured . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
102,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
119,
130
]
} |
interactions of calcium antagonists with alpha-receptors were further explored in a study in which the pressor responses to intravenous angiotensin ii were compared with those after phenylephrine ( alpha 1-agonist ) or alpha-methylnoradrenaline ( alpha 2-agonist ) in subjects treated with verapamil or nisoldipine , a n... | NA | {
"id": "C0028116",
"name": "nisoldipine",
"pos": [
303,
314
]
} | {
"id": "C0012315",
"name": "dihydropyridine",
"pos": [
323,
338
]
} |
interactions of calcium antagonists with alpha-receptors were further explored in a study in which the pressor responses to intravenous angiotensin ii were compared with those after phenylephrine ( alpha 1-agonist ) or alpha-methylnoradrenaline ( alpha 2-agonist ) in subjects treated with verapamil or nisoldipine , a n... | NA | {
"id": "C0012315",
"name": "dihydropyridine",
"pos": [
323,
338
]
} | {
"id": "C0028066",
"name": "nifedipine",
"pos": [
350,
360
]
} |
noradrenaline ( at 411 p mol/min i.e . a dose three times higher than that required for adrenaline ) induced ffa mobilization from tibial adipose bone marrow . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
88,
98
]
} |
it is concluded that circulating adrenaline seems more important than noradrenaline released by sympathetic nerve endings in the control of activity of tibial bone marrow adipocytes . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
33,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
70,
83
]
} |
we analyzed the action of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate ( atp ) on the chronotropism of the dog heart in situ . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
26,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0001480",
"name": "adenosine triphosphate",
"pos": [
40,
62
]
} |
the anxiolytic benzodiazepines , chlordiazepoxide , diazepam , and cl 218872 , reduced the ultrasounds at doses inducing little cns depressant activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0005064",
"name": "benzodiazepines",
"pos": [
15,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0008188",
"name": "chlordiazepoxide",
"pos": [
33,
49
]
} |
t. kirilowii api and apii , and the purified lectin and abortifacient protein ( alpha-trichosanthin ) , were devoid of any significant antilipolytic activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
45,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
70,
77
]
} |
seventy five medicinal plants of the traditional ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of sri lanka have been screened chemically for alkaloids and pyrrolizidine alkaloids . | NA | {
"id": "C0002062",
"name": "alkaloids",
"pos": [
120,
129
]
} | {
"id": "C0034335",
"name": "pyrrolizidine alkaloids",
"pos": [
134,
157
]
} |
postoperative complications included transient recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis ( 11 patients , 17 % ) , chylothorax ( four patients , 6 % ) , anastomotic leak ( four patients , 6 % ) , and small bowel obstruction ( two patients ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032787",
"name": "postoperative complications",
"pos": [
0,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0919691",
"name": "anastomotic",
"pos": [
144,
155
]
} |
ventricular tachycardia presenting in the first 2 years of life was due to gross tumor in three cases ( rhabdomyoma two , fibroma one ) or microscopic hamartomatous change ( purkinje tumor ) in five cases and was treated by excision alone or with adjuvant cryoablation . | NA | {
"id": "C0018552",
"name": "hamartomatous",
"pos": [
151,
164
]
} | {
"id": "C0027651",
"name": "tumor",
"pos": [
183,
188
]
} |
associated congenital heart defects were seen in 12 patients , including five with coarctation , three with multiple ventricular septal defects , two with right ventricular hypoplasia , two with juxtaposed atrial appendages , and one each with interrupted aortic arch , wolff-parkinson-white syndrome , and left ventricu... | NA | {
"id": "C0018798",
"name": "congenital heart defects",
"pos": [
11,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0003492",
"name": "coarctation",
"pos": [
83,
94
]
} |
associated congenital heart defects were seen in 12 patients , including five with coarctation , three with multiple ventricular septal defects , two with right ventricular hypoplasia , two with juxtaposed atrial appendages , and one each with interrupted aortic arch , wolff-parkinson-white syndrome , and left ventricu... | NA | {
"id": "C0018798",
"name": "congenital heart defects",
"pos": [
11,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0043202",
"name": "wolff-parkinson-white syndrome",
"pos": [
270,
300
]
} |
surface cooling to 26 degrees c was associated with a significant rise in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
81,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
97,
111
]
} |
the presence of a prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma was confirmed in 91 patients , 3 of whom had an adenoma that consisted of cells that contained prolactin and growth hormone . | NA | {
"id": "C0033375",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0001430",
"name": "adenoma",
"pos": [
104,
111
]
} |
overall , these data provide a clear indication that interactions between hexokinase and cellular structure are appreciable in all major tissues and at all stages of development , and an analysis of the isozyme status of the enzyme in both soluble and bound compartments has been effected . | NA | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozyme",
"pos": [
203,
210
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
225,
231
]
} |
despite the absence of thyroid disease , patients with nonthyroidal illness frequently have changes in serum thyroid hormone measurements that may suggest either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism . | NA | {
"id": "C0040128",
"name": "thyroid disease",
"pos": [
23,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0020676",
"name": "hypothyroidism",
"pos": [
162,
176
]
} |
despite the absence of thyroid disease , patients with nonthyroidal illness frequently have changes in serum thyroid hormone measurements that may suggest either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism . | NA | {
"id": "C0040128",
"name": "thyroid disease",
"pos": [
23,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0020550",
"name": "hyperthyroidism",
"pos": [
180,
195
]
} |
statistical evaluation of the data showed that pge1 caused an increase in the size of secretory vesicles and decrease in the total number of full vesicles , the effect being more pronounced on the adrenaline cells as compared to the noradrenaline cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
197,
207
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
233,
246
]
} |
the urinary excretion of a brush-border protein with an apparent molecular weight of 50 000 ( bb-50 ) was measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a mouse igg1 against bb-50 and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against human kidney as coating and second antibodies . | NA | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antiserum",
"pos": [
219,
228
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
272,
282
]
} |
as an alternative to morphological identification of circulating neoplastic lymphocytes in the blood of patients with non-hodgkin 's lymphoma , dna of peripheral blood lymphocytes was analysed for clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in 29 patients with low-grade b-cell lymphomas . | NA | {
"id": "C0024305",
"name": "non-hodgkin 's lymphoma",
"pos": [
118,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C0079731",
"name": "b-cell lymphomas",
"pos": [
269,
285
]
} |
the most significant postoperative complications were cardiac insufficiency ( 7 ) , mechanical bowel obstruction ( 5 ) , sepsis ( 4 ) , short bowel syndrome ( 3 ) , respiratory insufficiency or pneumonia ( 3 ) , anastomotic leak ( 2 ) or stenosis ( 1 ) , bleeding ( 2 ) , bowel infarction ( 1 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032787",
"name": "postoperative complications",
"pos": [
21,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0919691",
"name": "anastomotic leak",
"pos": [
212,
228
]
} |
after surgical or radioactive therapy long-term remission of hyperthyroidism , not of the underlying thyroid disease can be achieved more effectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0020550",
"name": "hyperthyroidism",
"pos": [
61,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0040128",
"name": "thyroid disease",
"pos": [
101,
116
]
} |
serum levels of acute phase proteins ( alpha 1-glycoprotein , alpha 1-antichymotrypsin , alpha 1-antitrypsin , crp , haptoglobin ) and immunoglobulin m corresponded to the severity of inflammatory symptoms and correlated significantly with cdai ( crohn 's disease activity index ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "acute phase proteins",
"pos": [
16,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0029297",
"name": "alpha",
"pos": [
89,
94
]
} |
serum levels of acute phase proteins ( alpha 1-glycoprotein , alpha 1-antichymotrypsin , alpha 1-antitrypsin , crp , haptoglobin ) and immunoglobulin m corresponded to the severity of inflammatory symptoms and correlated significantly with cdai ( crohn 's disease activity index ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "acute phase proteins",
"pos": [
16,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0002190",
"name": "alpha 1-antichymotrypsin",
"pos": [
62,
86
]
} |
serum levels of acute phase proteins ( alpha 1-glycoprotein , alpha 1-antichymotrypsin , alpha 1-antitrypsin , crp , haptoglobin ) and immunoglobulin m corresponded to the severity of inflammatory symptoms and correlated significantly with cdai ( crohn 's disease activity index ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "acute phase proteins",
"pos": [
16,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0002191",
"name": "alpha 1-antitrypsin",
"pos": [
89,
108
]
} |
serum levels of acute phase proteins ( alpha 1-glycoprotein , alpha 1-antichymotrypsin , alpha 1-antitrypsin , crp , haptoglobin ) and immunoglobulin m corresponded to the severity of inflammatory symptoms and correlated significantly with cdai ( crohn 's disease activity index ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "acute phase proteins",
"pos": [
16,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0018595",
"name": "haptoglobin",
"pos": [
117,
128
]
} |
as is characteristic of other benzodiazepines , midazolam ( 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg , i.m . ) markedly increased punished responding but had little effect on rates of unpunished responding . | NA | {
"id": "C0005064",
"name": "benzodiazepines",
"pos": [
30,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0026056",
"name": "midazolam",
"pos": [
48,
57
]
} |
in platelets prelabelled with [ 3h ] -inositol , in a medium containing 10 mm licl which blocks the enzyme inositol-1-phosphatase , 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht ) caused a dose-dependent accumulation of inositol phosphates ( ip ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0021547",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
38,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0021554",
"name": "inositol phosphates",
"pos": [
201,
220
]
} |
the action of 8 beta-oh-delta 9-thc was rapid in onset and a significant effect could be observed as early as 2 h following the addition of the cannabinoid . | NA | {
"id": "C0039663",
"name": "delta 9-thc",
"pos": [
24,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0006864",
"name": "cannabinoid",
"pos": [
144,
155
]
} |
to evaluate the role of catecholamines ( ca ) in uremia , we used `` '' high performance '' '' liquid chromatographic technique with electrodetection to determine plasma and brain concentration of dopamine ( da ) , norepinephrine ( ne ) and epinephrine ( e ) in rats with acute and chronic uremia . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": ", norepinephri",
"pos": [
213,
227
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephri",
"pos": [
218,
227
]
} |
choline was oxidized enzymatically by choline oxidase to betaine and hydrogen peroxide , and the peroxide was detected electrochemically . | NA | {
"id": "C0020281",
"name": "hydrogen peroxide",
"pos": [
69,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0031180",
"name": "peroxide",
"pos": [
97,
105
]
} |
results showed that 5-hydroxytryptophan but not tryptophan lowered pressure in a dose dependent way in direct relation to the production of brain serotonin and 5-hiaa . | NA | {
"id": "C0000578",
"name": "5-hydroxytryptophan",
"pos": [
20,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0041249",
"name": "tryptophan",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
} |
a preparation of opioid receptors is used in a radioreceptor assay with ethorphine - a relatively non-specific ligand that is used as a screen because it interacts with mu , sigma , and delta receptors - as the hplc detector to detect a range of peptides that derive from proenkephalin a and pomc . | NA | {
"id": "C0034801",
"name": "opioid receptors",
"pos": [
17,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0140057",
"name": "delta receptors",
"pos": [
186,
201
]
} |
plasma epinephrine ( epi ) and norepinephrine ( ne ) were measured in conscious , unrestrained rats at rest , and following exercise , cold stress and hemorrhage . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
7,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
31,
45
]
} |
minor modifications of a standard , commercially available methodology achieved good chromatographic separation of both epi and ne . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
120,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "ne",
"pos": [
128,
130
]
} |
absolute values of ne , as well as the selective , qualitative changes found in both epi and ne under each stress condition , were consistent with those found in other studies which used the radioenzymatic method . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
85,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "ne",
"pos": [
93,
95
]
} |
blood withdrawal of two 1.5 ml samples , 3 hours apart , had no detectable effect on epi , ne , mean arterial pressure or heart rate in otherwise non-stressed rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epi",
"pos": [
85,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "ne",
"pos": [
91,
93
]
} |
cardiac lipid changes in rats fed oils enriched in saturates and their apparent relationship to focal heart lesions . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
8,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0028908",
"name": "oils",
"pos": [
34,
38
]
} |
under all these sporulation conditions the concentrations of both guanine nucleotides ( gtp ) and s-adenosylmethionine ( sam ) decrease whereas those of other nucleotides show no trend . | NA | {
"id": "C0018328",
"name": "guanine nucleotides",
"pos": [
66,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
88,
91
]
} |
we show that the decrease of guanine nucleotides is essential for the initiation of meiosis and sporulation : when a gua auxotroph , also lacking one of the two sam synthetases , is starved for guanine but supplemented with 0.1 mm methionine , gtp decreases while sam slightly increases and yet the cells sporulate . | NA | {
"id": "C0018328",
"name": "guanine nucleotides",
"pos": [
29,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
244,
247
]
} |
these findings indicate that the receptors to the pseudomonas lectins probably reside in the terminal part of the o-specific-polysaccharide of the lpss of these bacteria . | NA | {
"id": "C0069180",
"name": "o-specific-polysaccharide",
"pos": [
114,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lpss",
"pos": [
147,
151
]
} |
dissection of a human body during an anatomy course raises for first-year medical students questions about invasion of privacy , cadaver sources , dying and death . | NA | {
"id": "C0006629",
"name": "cadaver",
"pos": [
129,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0011065",
"name": "death",
"pos": [
157,
162
]
} |
linoleic acid or glucose labelled with radioisotope 14c was given intravenously at one hour after cessation of 68 hours of tpn , and the rate of oxidation to 14co2 , total hepatic lipids , each fraction of hepatic lipids , hepatic glycogen , total adipose lipids , and muscle glycogen were measured . | NA | {
"id": "C0023902",
"name": "hepatic glycogen",
"pos": [
223,
239
]
} | {
"id": "C0017911",
"name": "glycogen",
"pos": [
276,
284
]
} |
four carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogs ( one series ) were all effective competitive inhibitors of uridine kinase and of uridine salvage by intact l1210 cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0034287",
"name": "pyrimidine nucleoside",
"pos": [
17,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0041984",
"name": "uridine",
"pos": [
129,
136
]
} |
binding inhibition analyses strongly suggest that the other monoclonal antibodies , which failed to inhibit nuclease activity detect two different antigenic regions , or epitopes , of the molecule : epitope cluster 1 domain is defined by hybridomas 54-2-7 , 54-5-2 , 54-9-8 , and 54-10-8 ; | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
147,
156
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
199,
206
]
} |
binding studies of these monoclonal antibodies were extended to peptide fragments of the nuclease molecule in order to examine possible cross-reactions with such fragments , as has previously been reported for antibodies purified from polyclonal antisera . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
25,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
210,
220
]
} |
binding studies of these monoclonal antibodies were extended to peptide fragments of the nuclease molecule in order to examine possible cross-reactions with such fragments , as has previously been reported for antibodies purified from polyclonal antisera . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
36,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antisera",
"pos": [
246,
254
]
} |
the failure to find protein c23 related peptides with molecular sizes less than 110 kd in exponentially growing cells and the lack of cytoplasmic localization of any of the ten mabs suggests that protein c23 is not a prepro-protein processed in vivo to form ribosomal proteins as previously suggested ( 1 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
20,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0035552",
"name": "ribosomal proteins",
"pos": [
258,
276
]
} |
to see if this hypermutability were the result of an 'error-prone ' , excision repair process , we irradiated fibroblasts derived from an xp variant patient , xp4be , under conditions that allowed the cells various lengths of time for excision repair before the onset of dna synthesis ( s phase ) and assayed the frequen... | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
110,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "the cells",
"pos": [
197,
206
]
} |
dna polymerase beta levels were measured in 4 cell lines of normal human skin fibroblasts and in 5 cell lines of skin fibroblasts from patients with ataxia telangiectasia , an autosomal recessive disease exhibiting marked x-ray sensitivity . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
46,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
118,
129
]
} |
unscheduled dna synthesis induced by 254-nm uv radiation in chicken embryo fibroblasts was examined for 24 h following irradiation , while cells were kept in the dark . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
75,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
139,
144
]
} |
the database contains compounds presenting diverse structures including carbamates , thiocarbamates , organophosphates , halo-aromatics and other functionalities . | NA | {
"id": "C0006948",
"name": "carbamates",
"pos": [
72,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0039882",
"name": "thiocarbamates",
"pos": [
85,
99
]
} |
use of phytohemagglutinin response to determine the extent that somatic cell mutation accounts for 6-thioguanine resistance of human blood mononuclear cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
72,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "blood mononuclear cells",
"pos": [
133,
156
]
} |
we investigated the likelihood that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which incorporate tritiated thymidine in the presence of 6-thioguanine ( 6-tg ) are mutants by comparing findings for cells from the same blood specimen cultured in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin ( pha ) . | NA | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "peripheral blood mononuclear cells",
"pos": [
42,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
195,
200
]
} |
crp is negligible in cultures grown in commonly applied media but increases rapidly when sufficient exogeneous creatine is available . | NA | {
"id": "C0031634",
"name": "crp",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0010286",
"name": "creatine",
"pos": [
111,
119
]
} |
measurements were performed on confluent cultures exhibiting no growth and containing a mixed cell population of myoblasts , fibroblasts , and multinucleated myotubes . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
94,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
125,
136
]
} |
other cells , including schwann cells of myelinated fibers , perineurial cells , endoneurial fibroblasts , endothelial cells , and pericytes , were not similarly affected . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
6,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
93,
104
]
} |
leishmanias transform and grow only in medium containing either heme ( usually supplied as hemin ) or protoporphyrin ix ( the latter is leishmanicidal at high concentrations ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0018966",
"name": "heme",
"pos": [
64,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0018988",
"name": "hemin",
"pos": [
91,
96
]
} |
although the mac 184fp is not recognized directly by chronic infection or vaccinated mouse antibodies , antisera prepared against the purified fusion protein immunoprecipitate a mr 27 000 in vitro translation product which also reacts with mouse chronic infection sera . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
91,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antisera",
"pos": [
104,
112
]
} |
the amplified unit of dna has a uniform restriction-site map throughout the selection and is nearly identical to the 30 kb amplified unit of r-region dna found in mtx-resistant cells , except for a small increase in size of the fragment that contains a junction believed to be the site of dna rearrangements generated du... | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
22,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0012933",
"name": "r",
"pos": [
320,
321
]
} |
the principal findings were ( 1 ) low basal plasma levels of all measured c19 steroids and their sulfates , which were unchanged or only minimally increased after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin or acth , ( 2 ) no urinary metabolites of c19 11-deoxy steroids , and decreased amounts of c19 11-oxosteroids ,... | NA | {
"id": "C0022640",
"name": "oxosteroids",
"pos": [
307,
318
]
} | {
"id": "C0038317",
"name": "steroid",
"pos": [
1103,
1110
]
} |
the principal findings were ( 1 ) low basal plasma levels of all measured c19 steroids and their sulfates , which were unchanged or only minimally increased after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin or acth , ( 2 ) no urinary metabolites of c19 11-deoxy steroids , and decreased amounts of c19 11-oxosteroids ,... | NA | {
"id": "C0033308",
"name": "progesterone",
"pos": [
554,
566
]
} | {
"id": "C0033004",
"name": "pregnanediol",
"pos": [
626,
638
]
} |
the principal findings were ( 1 ) low basal plasma levels of all measured c19 steroids and their sulfates , which were unchanged or only minimally increased after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin or acth , ( 2 ) no urinary metabolites of c19 11-deoxy steroids , and decreased amounts of c19 11-oxosteroids ,... | NA | {
"id": "C0045010",
"name": "17",
"pos": [
676,
678
]
} | {
"id": "C0033007",
"name": "pregnanetriol",
"pos": [
768,
781
]
} |
we studied the frequency and distribution of proliferating epithelial cells lining colonic crypts in 10 subjects at high risk for familial colonic cancer , before and after oral supplementation of their conventional diets with 1.25 g of calcium as calcium carbonate . | NA | {
"id": "C0006675",
"name": "calcium",
"pos": [
237,
244
]
} | {
"id": "C0006681",
"name": "calcium carbonate",
"pos": [
248,
265
]
} |
the lack of secretory iga and sc in the secretion could be related to the adherence capacity of the candida albicans to epithelial cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0020838",
"name": "secretory iga",
"pos": [
12,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0036538",
"name": "sc",
"pos": [
30,
32
]
} |
here we demonstrate that in striatal neurones , excitatory amino acids , but not inhibitory or non-neuroactive amino acids , induce a three- to fourfold increase in inositol mono- , di- and triphosphate ( ip , ip , ip ) formation with the relative potency qa greater than glu greater than nmda , ka . | NA | {
"id": "C0243046",
"name": "excitatory amino acids",
"pos": [
48,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
111,
122
]
} |
the human genome contains a set of minisatellites , each of which consists of tandem repeats of a dna segment containing the 'core ' sequence , a putative recombination signal in human dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
98,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
187,
188
]
} |
the destruction of collagen is usually initiated by proteinases , the best known of which is the metalloproteinase collagenase ( ec 3.4.24 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteinases",
"pos": [
52,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0025543",
"name": "metalloproteinase",
"pos": [
97,
114
]
} |
cystometric recordings were performed in pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats and the effects of baclofen on urinary bladder function were evaluated as their influence on bladder hyperactivity induced by 1-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l-dopa ) after peripheral decarboxylase inhibition . | NA | {
"id": "C0013023",
"name": "dihydroxyphenylalanine",
"pos": [
203,
225
]
} | {
"id": "C0023570",
"name": "l-dopa",
"pos": [
228,
234
]
} |
it is suggested that baclofen depresses the hyperactive bladder by a central action that is unrelated to bicuculline sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid mechanisms , substance p or glutamate neurotransmission but that is possibly related to interference with opioid mechanisms . | NA | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
21,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gamma aminobutyric acid",
"pos": [
127,
150
]
} |
for all four catecholamines [ 3h- ( +/- ) -isoprenaline , 3h- ( +/- ) -adrenaline , 3h- ( - ) -noradrenaline , and 3h-dopamine ] the loading period resulted in virtually the same distribution pattern : most of the radioactivity distributed into `` '' compartment iii '' '' . | NA | {
"id": "C0007412",
"name": "catecholamines",
"pos": [
13,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0022245",
"name": "isoprenaline",
"pos": [
43,
55
]
} |
for all four catecholamines [ 3h- ( +/- ) -isoprenaline , 3h- ( +/- ) -adrenaline , 3h- ( - ) -noradrenaline , and 3h-dopamine ] the loading period resulted in virtually the same distribution pattern : most of the radioactivity distributed into `` '' compartment iii '' '' . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
71,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
95,
108
]
} |
however , the rate constants for efflux from compartment iii increased in the order 3h- ( - ) -noradrenaline less than 3h-dopamine less than 3h- ( +/- ) isoprenaline = 3h- ( +/- ) -adrenaline . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
95,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
181,
191
]
} |
theophylline , caffeine and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine were more potent than xanthine but nearly equipotent antagonists at both receptor subtypes . | NA | {
"id": "C0039771",
"name": "theophylline",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0000096",
"name": "3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine",
"pos": [
28,
55
]
} |
their inhibitory potencies were about three and nine times higher than those of theophylline or caffeine but consistently lower than that of ibmx . | NA | {
"id": "C0039771",
"name": "theophylline",
"pos": [
80,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0000096",
"name": "ibmx",
"pos": [
141,
145
]
} |
the properties of this aminopeptidase indicate that it is distinct from neutral arylamidase , leucine-aminopeptidase , aminopeptidases a and b , brain acidic aminopeptidase , and the membrane aminoenkephalinase that we purified recently ( 4 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023402",
"name": "leucine-aminopeptidase",
"pos": [
94,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0002570",
"name": "aminopeptidase",
"pos": [
158,
172
]
} |
diabetic neuropathy is probably the most common and one of the most disabling complications of diabetes mellitus . | NA | {
"id": "C0011882",
"name": "diabetic neuropathy",
"pos": [
0,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0342257",
"name": "of",
"pos": [
92,
94
]
} |
these results suggest that hemorrhage-induced elevations in circulating avp and/or ot contribute to increased release of glucagon by the endocrine pancreas consistent with previous demonstration of glucagonotropic activity of synthetic neurohypophysial peptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0030095",
"name": "ot",
"pos": [
83,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0032017",
"name": "neurohypophysial peptides",
"pos": [
236,
261
]
} |
an analysis of the hypothalamic sites at which the substituted benzamides , metoclopramide and clebopride , act to facilitate gastric emptying was undertaken in the guinea-pig . | NA | {
"id": "C0005029",
"name": "benzamides",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0025853",
"name": "metoclopramide",
"pos": [
76,
90
]
} |
stepwise processing of the prohormone for dynorphin-related peptides , proenkephalin b , may generate a large number of opioid peptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0013355",
"name": "dynorphin",
"pos": [
42,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "opioid peptides",
"pos": [
120,
135
]
} |
the release of the tachykinins neurokinin a ( nka ) and neurokinin b ( nkb ) from superfused slices of rat brain was studied . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
19,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0038581",
"name": "neurokinin a",
"pos": [
31,
43
]
} |
the release of the tachykinins neurokinin a ( nka ) and neurokinin b ( nkb ) from superfused slices of rat brain was studied . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
19,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0027847",
"name": "neurokinin b",
"pos": [
56,
68
]
} |
following the 0.15 nmole dose , there was a marked and significant rise in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine , indicating that activation of the sympathetic nervous system was , at least in part , responsible for the rise in blood pressure . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
82,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
101,
112
]
} |
positron emission computed tomographic ( pect ) scanning studies have demonstrated that high grade gliomas exhibit increased 2- [ 18f ] fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ( 18fdg ) uptake compared to cerebral white matter and low grade gliomas . | NA | {
"id": "C0011501",
"name": "deoxyglucose",
"pos": [
145,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0046056",
"name": "18fdg",
"pos": [
160,
165
]
} |
hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose , as well as 18fdg and 2-deoxyglucose ( 2dg ) , thereby `` '' trapping '' '' these slowly metabolized analogues intracellularly . | NA | {
"id": "C0046056",
"name": "18fdg",
"pos": [
65,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0011501",
"name": "2dg",
"pos": [
92,
95
]
} |
odc levels were significantly elevated ( 3812 pmole/g/hour , p less than 0.05 ) and increased with time in areas of slightly denser ischemia that showed an intermediate increase in edema , but not the presence of infarction . | NA | {
"id": "C0022116",
"name": "ischemia",
"pos": [
132,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0021308",
"name": "infarction",
"pos": [
213,
223
]
} |
there was a marked difference in plasma concentration within and between individuals both after benzylpenicillin ( bp ) given i.v . and after benzylpenicillin procaine ( bpp ) given s.c . | NA | {
"id": "C0030827",
"name": "benzylpenicillin",
"pos": [
96,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0030830",
"name": "benzylpenicillin procaine",
"pos": [
142,
167
]
} |
bp given i.v . resulted in a plasma half-life of 15.2 minutes , while bpp given s.c. resulted in a plasma half-life of 2.7 hours . | NA | {
"id": "C0030827",
"name": "bp",
"pos": [
0,
2
]
} | {
"id": "C0030830",
"name": "bpp",
"pos": [
70,
73
]
} |
their na+ , k+-adenosine triphosphatase ( atpase ) activity was measured using a radiochemical method , and its k+ dependence was determined . | NA | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "na",
"pos": [
6,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
42,
48
]
} |
the effects of opioids and of naloxone on ouabain-sensitive na+ , k+-adenosine triphosphatase ( atpase ) activity were studied in vitro on membrane fractions from frog spinal cords . | NA | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "na",
"pos": [
30,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
96,
102
]
} |
strongly gr immunoreactive nerve cells were mainly found in the area of the noradrenaline , adrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht ) cell groups of the lower brain stem , and of the substantia gelatinosa of the nuc . tractus spinalis nervi trigemeni and spinal cord . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
76,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
92,
102
]
} |
5-htp significantly increased the threshold for electroconvulsions and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice and rats but exerted no anticonvulsant effects in epileptic gerbils and amygdaloid-kindled rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "seizures",
"pos": [
97,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "epileptic",
"pos": [
164,
173
]
} |
nurse practitioners are in a unique position to observe the language development of a young child and the social-communicative interaction between parents and child . | NA | {
"id": "C0728836",
"name": "of",
"pos": [
81,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0008059",
"name": "child",
"pos": [
159,
164
]
} |
dermatomyositis and polymyositis are rare disorders of connective tissue that manifest themselves primarily as muscular weakness . | NA | {
"id": "C0011633",
"name": "dermatomyositis",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0009782",
"name": "disorders of connective tissue",
"pos": [
42,
72
]
} |
it is concluded that although the emotional state contributes to the development of pain and headache in some patients , there are others in whom comparable headaches are unlikely to be due to emotional factors . | NA | {
"id": "C0030193",
"name": "pain",
"pos": [
84,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0018681",
"name": "headache",
"pos": [
157,
165
]
} |
blood coagulation results from a sequence of enzymatic reactions , which involve 12 plasma proteins ( coagulation factors ) , platelets , a tissue lipoprotein ( tissue factor ) , vascular components and calcium ions . | NA | {
"id": "C0005789",
"name": "coagulation factors",
"pos": [
102,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0040048",
"name": "tissue factor",
"pos": [
161,
174
]
} |
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