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the adhesiveness of dissociated embryonic brain cells ( measured during the 120 min of rotation ) was diminished in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis ( puromycin , cycloheximide and inhibition of mrna synthesis actinomycin d ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371848", "name": "diminished", "pos": [ 102, 112 ] }
{ "id": "C0010934", "name": "actinomycin d", "pos": [ 225, 238 ] }
the most marked negative chronotropic effects were seen with diltiazem , verapamil and bepridil in that order .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 16, 37 ] }
{ "id": "C0042523", "name": "verapamil", "pos": [ 73, 82 ] }
clinical study on bronchodilation induced by a metered aerosol of fenoterol in combination with ipratropium bromide .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 18, 33 ] }
{ "id": "C0700580", "name": "ipratropium bromide", "pos": [ 96, 115 ] }
to examine whether changes in inhibition of gastric acid secretion occur during chronic ranitidine therapy , duodenal ulcer patients in remission were studied before and after 9 months of maintenance ranitidine therapy ( 150 mg nocte ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372721", "name": "inhibition", "pos": [ 30, 40 ] }
{ "id": "C0034665", "name": "ranitidine", "pos": [ 200, 210 ] }
the results suggested that the positive chronotropic , inotropic , and dromotropic actions of isoproterenol may all be contributory factors in the protection .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 31, 52 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 94, 107 ] }
although producing bronchodilation in most patients with obstructive airways disease , it is somewhat less effective than beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs such as salbutamol or fenoterol in patients with asthma , but is at least as effective as these agents in bronchitis .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 19, 34 ] }
{ "id": "C0001927", "name": "salbutamol", "pos": [ 164, 174 ] }
as with the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists , the onset of maximum effect with ipratropium ( about 1.5 to 2 hours ) is slower than with isoprenaline ( although significant bronchodilation usually occurs within seconds or minutes of ipratropium inhalation ) , and the duration of effect ( about 4 to 6 hours ) is longer .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 169, 184 ] }
{ "id": "C0027235", "name": "ipratropium", "pos": [ 229, 240 ] }
a comparison of the positive inotropism of pgi2 , norepinephrine ( ne ) , tyramine and phenylephrine ( phenyl ) indicated that pgi2 , ne and tyramine enhanced peak tension significantly less at slow ( 0.8 and 1.6 hz ) than at higher rates ( 3.3 hz ) ;
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372805", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 20, 28 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "ne", "pos": [ 147, 149 ] }
it was concluded that removal of ovarian influence resulted in increased secretion of fsh but did not affect gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of lh and fsh during the early postpartum period .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372328", "name": "increased secretion", "pos": [ 63, 82 ] }
{ "id": "C0023610", "name": "gonadotropin-releasing", "pos": [ 109, 131 ] }
verapamil ( 1-3 micrograms ) also depressed the positive chronotropic effect of bay k 8644 more effectively than the inotropic effect although it did not attenuate the chronotropic effect of ne .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 48, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "ne", "pos": [ 191, 193 ] }
propranolol ( 3 micrograms ) suppressed both positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of ne but did not depress the bay k 8644-induced responses .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 45, 66 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "ne", "pos": [ 92, 94 ] }
induction of cardiac work increased protein synthesis in hearts supplied glucose or a mixture simulating normal plasma levels of glucose , insulin , glucagon , lactate , and beta-hydroxybutyrate .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372531", "name": "increased protein synthesis", "pos": [ 26, 53 ] }
{ "id": "C0021641", "name": "insulin", "pos": [ 139, 146 ] }
dm9278 produced relatively larger positive inotropic than positive chronotropic effects as compared with effects of aminophylline or papaverine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 34, 42 ] }
{ "id": "C0002575", "name": "aminophylline", "pos": [ 116, 129 ] }
positive inotropic and chronotropic responses to dm9278 in both atrial and ventricular preparations were suppressed slightly but not significantly by 1-3 micrograms of propranolol , which completely blocked the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of norepinephrine ( 0.01-0.1 micrograms ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 211, 232 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 258, 272 ] }
a negative chronotropic effect occurred after 5 mg bisoprolol at rest , but the negative inotropic changes did not reach significance , whereas cardiac index decreased and total vascular resistance increased after 20 mg bisoprolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 2, 23 ] }
{ "id": "C0053799", "name": "bisoprolol", "pos": [ 220, 230 ] }
administration of the combination caused a significantly more pronounced fall of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as compared with either drug alone , whereas the negative chronotropic effect was not different from that of atenolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 168, 189 ] }
{ "id": "C0004147", "name": "atenolol", "pos": [ 228, 236 ] }
the inhibition by veratramine of the positive chronotropic effect of accelerants stimulation and of norepinephrine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 37, 45 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 100, 114 ] }
effects of extraneuronal uptake inhibitors on the positive chronotropic response to isoprenaline and on the accumulation of isoprenaline in perfused rat heart after inhibition of catechol-o-methyl transferase .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 50, 71 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 124, 136 ] }
the presence of tropolone ( 100 mumol/l ) , an inhibitor of catechol-o-methyl transferase ( comt ) , significantly potentiated the positive chronotropic response to isoprenaline ( 0.1 , 1 , 3 and 10 nmol/l ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 131, 152 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 165, 177 ] }
3-o-methylisoprenaline ( 100 mumol/l ) and normetanephrine ( 100 mumol/l ) enhanced the positive chronotropic response to isoprenaline ( 0.1 , 1 , 3 and 10 nmol/l ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 88, 109 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 122, 134 ] }
hydrocortisone ( 30 mumol/l ) enhanced the response to 0.1 nmol/l isoprenaline but did not affect the positive chronotropic responses to 1 , 3 or 10 nmol/l isoprenaline .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 102, 123 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 156, 168 ] }
the addition of uptake2 inhibitors ( 3-o-methylisoprenaline , 100 mumol/l ; normetanephrine , 100 mumol/l ; corticosterone , 100 mumol/l ) to the perfusion medium significantly reduced the positive chronotropic response to the perfusion with isoprenaline ( 3 nmol/l ) and tropolone ( 100 mumol/l ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 189, 210 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 242, 254 ] }
at equal negative chronotropic concentrations , aq-a39 was more effective than verapamil in reducing the maximum isoproterenol-induced tachycardia .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 9, 30 ] }
{ "id": "C0042523", "name": "verapamil", "pos": [ 79, 88 ] }
addition of lhrh resulted in 6- to 8-fold increases in the secretion of fsh and lh , while 3-hp suppressed basal ( p less than 0.05 ) and lhrh-stimulated ( p less than 0.001 ) fsh secretion by 26 % and 77 % , respectively .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372328", "name": "increases", "pos": [ 42, 51 ] }
{ "id": "C0023610", "name": "lhrh", "pos": [ 138, 142 ] }
it also reversed the negative chronotropic effect induced by peripheral vagal stimulation , intrasinus node injection of bethanechol and central vagal activation by clonidine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative", "pos": [ 21, 29 ] }
{ "id": "C0009014", "name": "clonidine", "pos": [ 165, 174 ] }
these studies demonstrate that the effects of dilatation of the normal artery are partially reversible , suggest that restenosis after angioplasty is more likely to be due to intimal proliferation than increased arterial stiffness , and suggest that vasospasm of arteries after long-term recovery from the dilation is more likely to be mediated by serotonin than by norepinephrine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371490", "name": "vasospasm", "pos": [ 250, 259 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 366, 380 ] }
the positive inotropic , chronotropic , pressor , and coronary vasodilative effects of infused adrenaline ( 1 microgram x kg-1 x min-1 ) were compared with those of an intravenous injection of the carboxylic ionophore salinomycin ( 150 micrograms x kg-1 ) in 10 dogs anaesthetised with pentobarbital .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 4, 12 ] }
{ "id": "C0014563", "name": "adrenaline", "pos": [ 95, 105 ] }
exceptions to this were confined to certain limbic areas ( amygdala and hippocampus ) in which increases in l-cmrg were more than 100 % greater than slight ( p greater than 0.05 ) increases in l-cbf .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372398", "name": "increases", "pos": [ 95, 104 ] }
{ "id": "C0017725", "name": "l-cmrg", "pos": [ 108, 114 ] }
twelve children with asthma and persistent airflow obstruction were studied to determine the degree and duration of bronchodilation achieved following oral fenoterol compared to oral salbutamol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 116, 131 ] }
{ "id": "C0001927", "name": "salbutamol", "pos": [ 183, 193 ] }
a new von willebrand variant ( type i , new york ) : increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and plasma von willebrand factor containing the full range of multimers .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C0542153", "name": "increased", "pos": [ 53, 62 ] }
{ "id": "C0042971", "name": "von willebrand factor", "pos": [ 114, 135 ] }
both drugs at high concentration ( 3x10-6 g/ml ) exerted negative inotropic and chronotropic effect in isolated atrial preparations ( guinea-pigs ) , and non-competitively antagonized the positive chronotropic action of isoprenaline .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 188, 209 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 220, 232 ] }
dipyridamole ( 2 mg/kg ) produced significant impairment of the cardioacceleration observed during the stimulation of cardioaccelerator nerve , whereas the positive chronotropic effect of intravenous norepinephrine was not affected .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 156, 177 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 200, 214 ] }
ipratropium bromide produced a degree of bronchodilation similar to that of salbutamol , but the bronchodilatory activity of clemastine was not appreciably better than for the placebo .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 41, 56 ] }
{ "id": "C0001927", "name": "salbutamol", "pos": [ 76, 86 ] }
in contrast , this pretreatment failed to reduce and even sometimes enhanced the negative chronotropic response induced by propranolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative", "pos": [ 81, 89 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 123, 134 ] }
pretreatment with two doses of reserpine ( each 0.1 mg/kg , intraperitoneally ) sensitizes the heart to the positive chronotropic action of norepinephrine and reduces the response to stimulation of the accelerans nerve .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 108, 129 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 140, 154 ] }
usvc 6524 inhibited the positive inotropic , positive chronotropic and vasodilator responses to isoprenaline in the dog in a dose of 10 mug/kg and higher .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 24, 32 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 96, 108 ] }
the positive inotropism remained unaffected by exposure to phenoxybenzamine , phentolamine , propranolol , guanethidine , bretylium , hexamethonium , hemicholinium-3 or pretreatment with 6-ohda or tyramine tachyphylaxis .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372805", "name": "positive inotropism", "pos": [ 4, 23 ] }
{ "id": "C0031448", "name": "phentolamine", "pos": [ 78, 90 ] }
aminophylline ( 5 mg.kg-1 ) antagonised the negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine in dogs pretreated with atropine or atropine plus propranolol but did not affect them in autonomically intact dogs .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 44, 65 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 180, 191 ] }
8-bromo cyclic gmp and n2-2'-o-'dibutyryl cyclic gmp , in concentrations of 4.2 to 8.4 - 10 ( -4 ) m , exerted only very slight depressant effects on the basal rate of beat , but strongly antagonized , and in the majority of experiments with 8-bromo cyclic gmp completely suppressed , the positive chronotropic action of adrenaline .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 289, 310 ] }
{ "id": "C0014563", "name": "adrenaline", "pos": [ 321, 331 ] }
the negative chronotropic effect of these sympatholytic drugs was less than that of oxprenolol or propranolol , but the hypotensive response was greater .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 4, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 98, 109 ] }
the positive chronotropic response and the fall in diastolic pressure observed during the dose response to isoproterenol was significantly greater ( p less than 0.05 ) in the underweights suggesting an enhanced beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness in this group .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 4, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 107, 120 ] }
administration of the intracellular ca++ antagonists 8- ( diethylamino ) octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride ( 23 microm ) or ryanodine ( 1.6 microm ) reduced the outflow of prostaglandins and the positive chronotropic and inotropic effect elicited by isoproterenol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 206, 227 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 261, 274 ] }
an equihypotensive dose of verapamil ( 300 nmol/kg ) , by contrast , induced long-lasting negative chronotropic and inotropic effects , which , when combined with the effects of propranolol , were so marked as to cause the death of two of five dogs ( atrioventricular block ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative", "pos": [ 90, 98 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 178, 189 ] }
in muscles from both fed and starved donors , increases in protein-synthesis rates owing to intermittent stretching and insulin were proportionately greater than the increases in degradation rates .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372531", "name": "increases", "pos": [ 46, 55 ] }
{ "id": "C0021641", "name": "insulin", "pos": [ 120, 127 ] }
bronchodilation was noticed 15 minutes after the administration of salbutamol and ipratroprium bromide but not after cromoglycate or placebo .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 0, 15 ] }
{ "id": "C0001927", "name": "salbutamol", "pos": [ 67, 77 ] }
beta-blocking doses of these drugs to inhibit the positive chronotropic effect of isoproterenol by 50 % were 2.2 micrograms for carteolol , 4.0 micrograms for pindolol and 21 micrograms for propranolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 50, 71 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 82, 95 ] }
modest bronchodilation occurred after administration of cetirizine and albuterol before exercise but not after the third dose of cetirizine in the allergen protocol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 7, 22 ] }
{ "id": "C0001927", "name": "albuterol", "pos": [ 71, 80 ] }
dobutamine ( a selective beta 1 agonist ) caused a dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect , which was significantly blocked by pretreatment with 10 ( -8 ) m metoprolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 66, 87 ] }
{ "id": "C0025859", "name": "metoprolol", "pos": [ 162, 172 ] }
salbutamol and procaterol ( selective beta 2 agonists ) also produced dose-dependent negative chronotropic effects , which were dose-dependently inhibited by pretreatment with 10 ( -8 ) -10 ( -7 ) m propranolol , but not by 10 ( -7 ) m metoprolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 85, 106 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 199, 210 ] }
salbutamol and procaterol ( selective beta 2 agonists ) also produced dose-dependent negative chronotropic effects , which were dose-dependently inhibited by pretreatment with 10 ( -8 ) -10 ( -7 ) m propranolol , but not by 10 ( -7 ) m metoprolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 85, 106 ] }
{ "id": "C0025859", "name": "metoprolol", "pos": [ 236, 246 ] }
for those who need medication , bronchodilation with a beta 2-adrenergic drug , often in conjunction with an anticholinergic and theophylline , is the current treatment of choice for acute symptoms .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 32, 47 ] }
{ "id": "C0039771", "name": "theophylline", "pos": [ 129, 141 ] }
the increased rate of hepatic lipogenesis was not accompanied by significant changes in the plasma insulin concentration or the activity of acetyl-coa carboxylase .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372378", "name": "increased", "pos": [ 4, 13 ] }
{ "id": "C0021641", "name": "insulin", "pos": [ 99, 106 ] }
among them , the three derivatives having the most interesting anorectic activity are product vi obtained by pharmacomodulation from amfepramone and the compounds iv and v , analogs of gaba .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C2825056", "name": "anorectic activity", "pos": [ 63, 81 ] }
{ "id": "C0012201", "name": "amfepramone", "pos": [ 133, 144 ] }
the derivative vi possesses an anorectic activity very similar to that of fenfluramine , namely : modification of feeding behaviour in treated rats , wasting away and decrease of adipose tissue .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C2825056", "name": "anorectic activity", "pos": [ 31, 49 ] }
{ "id": "C0015827", "name": "fenfluramine", "pos": [ 74, 86 ] }
these results suggest that angiotensin ii has a small positive chronotropic effect that is not dependent on tissue noradrenaline release or beta-adrenoceptors and that tissue converting enzyme is active in right atria .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 54, 62 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "noradrenaline", "pos": [ 115, 128 ] }
in the same preparation , continuous electrical stimulation of cardioaccelerator sympathetic nerve fibers produced a sustained positive chronotropic effect accompanied by an increase in the coronary sinus venous plasma norepinephrine content .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 127, 135 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 219, 233 ] }
the positive chronotropic effect of norepinephrine ( ne ) on atrial rate is , however , significantly attenuated by enkephalin peptides .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 4, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 36, 50 ] }
chronic insulin exposure also markedly reduced dibutyryl-camp-stimulated lipolysis indicating an insulin-induced change distal to camp concentration in the cascade of reactions controlling lipolysis in these cells .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371696", "name": "reduced", "pos": [ 39, 46 ] }
{ "id": "C0021641", "name": "insulin", "pos": [ 97, 104 ] }
in contrast , glyburide increased insulin-stimulated glycogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion in both insulin-pretreated and control cells by enhancing responsiveness , but not sensitivity , toward insulin .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372346", "name": "increased", "pos": [ 24, 33 ] }
{ "id": "C0021641", "name": "insulin", "pos": [ 198, 205 ] }
increased survival among newborn ossabaw pigs may have been due to increased availability of ffa during fasting , and to a greater potential for gluconeogenesis through increased oxidation of fatty acids and higher plasma glucagon concentrations .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372342", "name": "gluconeogenesis", "pos": [ 145, 160 ] }
{ "id": "C0017687", "name": "glucagon", "pos": [ 222, 230 ] }
chronic haloperidol treatment did not alter the positive chronotropic responses of tyramine , isoproterenol or norepinephrine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 48, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 94, 107 ] }
chronic haloperidol treatment did not alter the positive chronotropic responses of tyramine , isoproterenol or norepinephrine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 48, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 111, 125 ] }
the ratios of the positive inotropic effect/positive chronotropic effect were very similar to those induced by norepinephrine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 18, 26 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 111, 125 ] }
the more common antacid side effects of diarrhea ( magnesium hydroxide ) and constipation ( aluminum hydroxide ) are best managed by appropriately alternating the agents or by using one of the various antacid mixtures .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1383090", "name": "antacid", "pos": [ 16, 23 ] }
{ "id": "C0002371", "name": "aluminum hydroxide", "pos": [ 92, 110 ] }
although halothane directly diminished the rate of the isolated rabbit heart , the positive chronotropic effect of noradrenaline was not influenced by this anaesthetic .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 83, 104 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "noradrenaline", "pos": [ 115, 128 ] }
atropine , in concentrations that completely blocked the negative chronotropic action of acetylcholine , did not increase the frequency of contraction , suggesting that the positive chronotropic effect of ether is not due to an atropine-like activity of ether .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 173, 194 ] }
{ "id": "C0004259", "name": "atropine", "pos": [ 228, 236 ] }
these results indicate that catecholamines might be of importance for the development of an increased cmro2 in endotoxic shock .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372398", "name": "increased cmro2", "pos": [ 92, 107 ] }
{ "id": "C0030054", "name": "cmro2", "pos": [ 102, 107 ] }
[ sar1 , ile8 ] angiotensin ii , however , inhibited the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to angiotensin ii without altering that to prostacyclin , noradrenaline and histamine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 57, 78 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "noradrenaline", "pos": [ 161, 174 ] }
retinal arterial vasoconstriction induced by an infusion of angiotensin ii or norepinephrine was investigated in eight normal controls ( n ) , nine diabetics without retinopathy ( dnr ) , and 10 diabetics with retinopathy ( dr ) by color fundus photographs taken before and after the infusions .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371490", "name": "arterial vasoconstriction", "pos": [ 8, 33 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 78, 92 ] }
p-pcie were slightly suppressed by an adrenergic beta-blocking agent , alprenolol , which blocked the action of norepinephrine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "p-pcie", "pos": [ 0, 6 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 112, 126 ] }
the implication of these mechanisms in the serotonin-depleting capacity as well as in the anorectic activity of fenfluramine is discussed .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C2825056", "name": "anorectic", "pos": [ 90, 99 ] }
{ "id": "C0015827", "name": "fenfluramine", "pos": [ 112, 124 ] }
increased hepatic gluconeogenesis appears to be characteristic of the catabolic response to this stress , directed by increased glucagon and catecholamines , not a decrease in fasting insulin or dampened insulin response .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372342", "name": "increased", "pos": [ 0, 9 ] }
{ "id": "C0017687", "name": "glucagon", "pos": [ 128, 136 ] }
contractile force in an area of the left ventricle perfused by the circumflex artery decreased concomitantly with the characteristic negative chronotropic action of propranolol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative", "pos": [ 133, 141 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 165, 176 ] }
significant additional bronchodilation achieved with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide together indicates that there is likely a substantial cholinergic element to the bronchospasm observed in acute exacerbations of asthma in the pediatric age group .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 23, 38 ] }
{ "id": "C0001927", "name": "salbutamol", "pos": [ 53, 63 ] }
significant additional bronchodilation achieved with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide together indicates that there is likely a substantial cholinergic element to the bronchospasm observed in acute exacerbations of asthma in the pediatric age group .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 23, 38 ] }
{ "id": "C0700580", "name": "ipratropium", "pos": [ 68, 79 ] }
either alone or in combination with oral theophylline , bitolterol aerosol produces greater and more prolonged bronchodilation than oral theophylline alone but more consistently in non-steroid-dependent patients .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 111, 126 ] }
{ "id": "C0039771", "name": "theophylline", "pos": [ 137, 149 ] }
duration of bronchodilation with bitolterol in patients receiving steroids is less than in those who are not steroid dependent , perhaps due to more severe disease in the former group .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 12, 27 ] }
{ "id": "C0053817", "name": "patients", "pos": [ 47, 55 ] }
interactions between tulobuterol and isoproterenol showed that tulobuterol potentiated the chronotropic effect of low concentrations of isoproterenol but reduced the positive chronotropic response to higher concentrations of isoproterenol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 166, 187 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 225, 238 ] }
we investigated the effects of adenosine on the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to an endogenous catecholamine ( norepinephrine ) , a beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist ( dobutamine ) , an adenylate cyclase activator ( forskolin ) , a phosphodiesterase inhibitor ( 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine , ibmx ) and a calcium channel agonist ( bay k 8644 ) in the isolated , blood-perfused dog atrium .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 48, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 127, 141 ] }
we investigated the effects of adenosine on the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to an endogenous catecholamine ( norepinephrine ) , a beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist ( dobutamine ) , an adenylate cyclase activator ( forskolin ) , a phosphodiesterase inhibitor ( 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine , ibmx ) and a calcium channel agonist ( bay k 8644 ) in the isolated , blood-perfused dog atrium .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 48, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0012963", "name": "dobutamine", "pos": [ 178, 188 ] }
the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to norepinephrine , dobutamine and forskolin were dose-dependently depressed by adenosine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 4, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0012963", "name": "dobutamine", "pos": [ 70, 80 ] }
om 50 mumol/l decreased the beating rate of the myocytes by 50 +/- 27 % 15 min after administration and also antagonized the positive chronotropic effect of isoproterenol 1.5 mumol/l , while the negative chronotropic effect of om was completely abolished by prazosin .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 125, 146 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 157, 170 ] }
while none of the test compounds was found to be provided with antihypertensive properties , most of them displayed a diuretic activity comparable to ( iv-2 a ) or higher ( iv-1 a , b ) ( iv-2 c ) than those of indapamide and clopamide , taken as reference drugs .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C2266870", "name": "diuretic activity", "pos": [ 118, 135 ] }
{ "id": "C0021186", "name": "indapamide", "pos": [ 211, 221 ] }
the results indicate that the well-known relation of sodium pump inhibition to positive inotropy in the heart of ipr-treated rats may not be valid .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372805", "name": "positive", "pos": [ 79, 87 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "ipr", "pos": [ 113, 116 ] }
neuropeptide y did not influence the electrocardiogram from the spontaneously beating heart ( lagendorff ) , nor did the peptide modify the positive chronotropic effect of exogenously applied na .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 140, 161 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "na", "pos": [ 192, 194 ] }
however , much of the improvement in mucociliary clearance may be a consequence of the bronchodilation induced by theophylline , since the improved airway patency is generally a prerequisite for enhanced mucokinesis .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 87, 102 ] }
{ "id": "C0039771", "name": "theophylline", "pos": [ 114, 126 ] }
the order of potencies for inducing a negative chronotropic effect in dog atria was verapamil greater than propranolol much greater than hv-525 greater than or equal to lidocaine greater than or equal to quinidine greater than phenytoin greater than disopyramide greater than procainamide , and that for inducing a negative inotropic effect was verapamil greater than or equal to propranolol greater than hv-525 greater than lidocaine greater than phenytoin greater than disopyramide greater than procainamide greater than or equal to quinidine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 38, 59 ] }
{ "id": "C0042523", "name": "verapamil", "pos": [ 345, 354 ] }
the order of potencies for inducing a negative chronotropic effect in dog atria was verapamil greater than propranolol much greater than hv-525 greater than or equal to lidocaine greater than or equal to quinidine greater than phenytoin greater than disopyramide greater than procainamide , and that for inducing a negative inotropic effect was verapamil greater than or equal to propranolol greater than hv-525 greater than lidocaine greater than phenytoin greater than disopyramide greater than procainamide greater than or equal to quinidine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 38, 59 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 380, 391 ] }
correlation between positive chronotropic effect and norepinephrine release induced by acetone in the rat right atrium .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 20, 41 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "norepinephrine", "pos": [ 53, 67 ] }
the positive chronotropic effect of acetone on acr can be reduced by adding 0.002 mm of propranolol ( a non-selective beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor blocker ) , or by pretreating the rat with reserpine ( an ne depleter ) ( 5 mg/kg body weight , i.p. , 24 h prior to experiment ) .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 4, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0028351", "name": "ne", "pos": [ 215, 217 ] }
the order of potency for the negative inotropic , coronary dilator and negative chronotropic actions of the calcium entry blockers was , for inotropy : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than flunarizine = bepridil greater than lidoflazine greater than diltiazem , for coronary flow : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than lidoflazine = flunarizine greater than diltiazem greater than bepridil , for chronotropy : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than lidoflazine greater than flunarizine greater than diltiazem greater than bepridil .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 71, 92 ] }
{ "id": "C0042523", "name": "verapamil", "pos": [ 454, 463 ] }
the order of potency for the negative inotropic , coronary dilator and negative chronotropic actions of the calcium entry blockers was , for inotropy : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than flunarizine = bepridil greater than lidoflazine greater than diltiazem , for coronary flow : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than lidoflazine = flunarizine greater than diltiazem greater than bepridil , for chronotropy : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than lidoflazine greater than flunarizine greater than diltiazem greater than bepridil .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 71, 92 ] }
{ "id": "C0012373", "name": "diltiazem", "pos": [ 527, 536 ] }
the onset of nebulization ( early or late ) had no significant effect on bronchodilation with salbutamol in asthmatics .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1371299", "name": "bronchodilation", "pos": [ 73, 88 ] }
{ "id": "C0001927", "name": "salbutamol", "pos": [ 94, 104 ] }
the hypotensive and negative chronotropic effects of 5 calcium entry blockers ( verapamil 200 micrograms/kg iv ; diltiazem 300 micrograms/kg iv ; nifedipine 5 micrograms/kg iv ; nicardipine 50 micrograms/kg iv ; and bepridil 5 mg/kg iv ) were compared in control normotensive and acute neurogenic hypertensive anaesthetized dogs .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 20, 41 ] }
{ "id": "C0042523", "name": "verapamil", "pos": [ 80, 89 ] }
the hypotensive and negative chronotropic effects of 5 calcium entry blockers ( verapamil 200 micrograms/kg iv ; diltiazem 300 micrograms/kg iv ; nifedipine 5 micrograms/kg iv ; nicardipine 50 micrograms/kg iv ; and bepridil 5 mg/kg iv ) were compared in control normotensive and acute neurogenic hypertensive anaesthetized dogs .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 20, 41 ] }
{ "id": "C0012373", "name": "diltiazem", "pos": [ 113, 122 ] }
the positive inotropism of phenylephrine was antagonized by phentolamine and sotalol , but not antagonized by prazosin or yohimbine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372805", "name": "positive inotropism", "pos": [ 4, 23 ] }
{ "id": "C0031448", "name": "phentolamine", "pos": [ 60, 72 ] }
the 80-mg doses of oxprenolol and propranolol had a negative chronotropic effect , with the resting heart rate slightly but consistently decreased more after propranolol , attaining statistical significance at 90 , 150 , and 300 min .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372752", "name": "negative chronotropic", "pos": [ 52, 73 ] }
{ "id": "C0033497", "name": "propranolol", "pos": [ 158, 169 ] }
comparison of the relative potencies of pirbuterol , salbutamol and isoproterenol as relaxants of isolated guinea-pig tracheal muscle and as positive chronotropic agents in isolated guinea-pig atria indicate that the relative selectivity of pirbuterol for pulmonary as opposed to cardiac tissue is 9 times greater than that for salbutamol and some 1500 times greater than that for isoproterenol .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 141, 162 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoproterenol", "pos": [ 381, 394 ] }
pge1 in the same blood concentrations as used in the papillary muscle significantly depressed the positive chronotropic responses to noradrenaline and dopamine .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 98, 119 ] }
{ "id": "C0013030", "name": "dopamine", "pos": [ 151, 159 ] }
3 in anaesthetized dogs labetalol given intravenously blocked vasopressor responses to phenylephrine positive chronotropic , vasodepressor and bronchodilator response to isoprenaline .
physiologic_effect_of
{ "id": "C1372804", "name": "positive chronotropic", "pos": [ 101, 122 ] }
{ "id": "C0022245", "name": "isoprenaline", "pos": [ 170, 182 ] }