instruction stringlengths 225 2.35k | input stringlengths 89 1.5k | response stringclasses 698 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lutzomyia neivai Pinto 1926, a sibling of L. intermedia is found in parts of Southern and Western Brazil and some other countries of South America', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [lutzomyia neivai; l. intermedia]
<Options>: A: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
B: paphia nenia (aka memphis nenia)
C: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) neivai (aka nyssomyia neivai)
D: tatia neivai (glanidium neivai) (aka tatia neivai)
E: freziera neei
F: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
G: rhodnius neivai
H: leptonema intermedium
I: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
J: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
K: None of the above. | [C; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the case of L. whitmani, mitochondrial data [3,6] indicates three main lineages in Brazil: an Amazonian group, a North-South group and a Northeast group.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: plagiostomum whitmani
B: calamus whitmorei
C: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
E: orobdella whitmani
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We did not find strong evidence of a geographical differentiation in the period gene among populations of L. whitmani although one of the pairwise Fst comparisons (Posse × Ilhéus) was significant at the 5% level.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
C: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
D: calamus whitmorei
E: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; lutzomyia longipalpis]
<Options>: A: psorophora longipalpus
B: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
C: myzomyia longipalpis (aka anopheles longipalpis)
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: oldenburgia intermedia
F: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
G: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
H: microleon longipalpis
I: phlebotomus longipalpis (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
J: harttiella intermedia
K: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
L: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
M: aphrodita longipalpa
N: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
O: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
P: None of the above. | [F; D; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; lutzomyia longipalpis]
<Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: phlebotomus longipalpis (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: microleon longipalpis
F: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
G: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
H: myzomyia longipalpis (aka anopheles longipalpis)
I: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
J: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
K: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
L: psorophora longipalpus
M: oldenburgia intermedia
N: aphrodita longipalpa
O: None of the above. | [O; K; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; lutzomyia longipalpis]
<Options>: A: stegomyia longipalpis (aka aedes longipalpis)
B: lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotomus longipalpis) (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
C: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
E: leishmania killicki
F: aphrodita longipalpa
G: somalicharmus whitmanae
H: vellozia intermedia
I: microleon longipalpis
J: linyphia longipalpis (aka erigone longipalpis)
K: calamus whitmorei
L: mancinella intermedia
M: leptonema intermedium
N: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
O: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
P: None of the above. | [C; O; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; lutzomyia longipalpis]
<Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
C: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
D: mancinella intermedia
E: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
F: lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotomus longipalpis) (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
G: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
H: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
I: microleon longipalpis
J: erigone longipalpis (linyphia longipalpis) (aka erigone longipalpis)
K: plagiostomum whitmani
L: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
M: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
N: leicesteria longipalpis (aka armigeres longipalpis)
O: aphrodita longipalpa
P: None of the above. | [G; H; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; l. longipalpis]
<Options>: A: microleon longipalpus
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: mancinella intermedia
D: anopheles longipalpis (myzomyia longipalpis) (aka anopheles longipalpis)
E: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotomus longipalpis) (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
G: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
H: leishmania killicki
I: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
J: somalicharmus whitmanae
K: lomanius longipalpus longipalpus
L: anopheles longipalpis a
M: orobdella whitmani
N: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
O: harttiella intermedia
P: None of the above. | [G; E; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; l. longipalpis]
<Options>: A: harttiella intermedia
B: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
C: aedes (zavortinkius) longipalpis (aka aedes longipalpis)
D: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
E: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
G: anopheles longipalpis a
H: plagiostomum whitmani
I: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
J: microleon longipalpus
K: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
L: microleon longipalpis
M: phlebotomus longipalpis (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
N: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
O: oldenburgia intermedia
P: None of the above. | [D; K; M] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani; l. longipalpis]
<Options>: A: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: oldenburgia intermedia
C: chionodes whitmanella
D: lomanius longipalpus longipalpus
E: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
F: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
G: lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotomus longipalpis) (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
H: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
I: vellozia intermedia
J: microleon longipalpus
K: longipalpis species complex
L: anopheles longipalpis c
M: orobdella whitmani
N: licuala intermedia
O: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
P: None of the above. | [A; H; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[38] as well as simulations that fit the "Isolation with Migration" model to the data suggest that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might be exchanging alleles at the per locus.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
E: calamus whitmorei
F: vellozia intermedia
G: leptophlebia intermedia
H: licuala intermedia
I: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
J: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
K: None of the above. | [B; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[38] as well as simulations that fit the "Isolation with Migration" model to the data suggest that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might be exchanging alleles at the per locus.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: leishmania killicki
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
F: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
G: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
H: plagiostomum whitmani
I: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
J: leptonema intermedium
K: None of the above. | [B; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Introgression of genes that control adaptation to particular types of environment can also have a major impact on the spread of vector-borne diseases as was proposed for the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae [41].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [anopheles gambiae]
<Options>: A: african malaria mosquito (aka anopheles gambiae)
B: anopheles dirus sensu stricto (aka anopheles dirus)
C: anopheles gambiae x anopheles merus
D: anopheles arabiensis
E: anopheles sp. a/1
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Introgression of genes that control adaptation to particular types of environment can also have a major impact on the spread of vector-borne diseases as was proposed for the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae [41].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [anopheles gambiae]
<Options>: A: anopheles gambiae x anopheles merus
B: anopheles arabiensis
C: anopheles dirus sensu stricto (aka anopheles dirus)
D: anopheles sp. a/1
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[42] found a kdr mutation responsible for pyrethroid resistance in the Mopti form of Anopheles gambiae, a normally susceptible taxon of this species complex.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [anopheles gambiae]
<Options>: A: anopheles dirus sensu stricto (aka anopheles dirus)
B: anopheles coluzzii (anopheles gambiae m) (aka anopheles coluzzii)
C: anopheles sp. a/1
D: anopheles gambiae x anopheles arabiensis
E: african malaria mosquito (aka anopheles gambiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although L. intermedia and L. whitmani are closely related and only distinguished by a few morphological differences, they do show differentiation in some other important traits.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
C: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
E: licuala intermedia
F: leptonema intermedium
G: harttiella intermedia
H: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: chionodes whitmanella
J: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [H; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although L. intermedia and L. whitmani are closely related and only distinguished by a few morphological differences, they do show differentiation in some other important traits.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: chionodes whitmanella
C: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
D: leishmania killicki
E: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
F: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
G: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
H: plagiostomum whitmani
I: oldenburgia intermedia
J: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia is more abundant in the summer while L. whitmani is more frequent in the winter months', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
B: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
C: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: vellozia intermedia
F: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
G: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
H: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
I: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
J: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
K: None of the above. | [G; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia is more abundant in the summer while L. whitmani is more frequent in the winter months', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
B: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: leptonema intermedium
D: leptophlebia intermedia
E: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
F: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
G: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
H: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
I: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
J: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
K: None of the above. | [I; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They also show differences in microhabitat preferences, L. intermedia being more common in the peridomestic area while L. whitmani is found mainly in the surrounding forest [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: harttiella intermedia
B: vellozia intermedia
C: mancinella intermedia
D: calamus whitmorei
E: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
F: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
G: licuala intermedia
H: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
J: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [H; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They also show differences in microhabitat preferences, L. intermedia being more common in the peridomestic area while L. whitmani is found mainly in the surrounding forest [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: plagiostomum whitmani
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: mancinella intermedia
D: orobdella whitmani
E: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
G: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
H: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: oldenburgia intermedia
J: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [H; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [humans; l. whitmani; l. intermedia]
<Options>: A: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
B: chionodes whitmanella
C: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
G: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
H: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
I: licuala intermedia
J: leishmania killicki
K: animals (aka metazoa)
L: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
M: humans (aka homo)
N: vellozia intermedia
O: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
P: None of the above. | [G; O; L] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [humans; l. whitmani; l. intermedia]
<Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
C: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: hominoidea (apes (aka hominoidea))
E: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
F: leishmania killicki
G: species
H: vellozia intermedia
I: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
J: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
K: leptophlebia intermedia
L: primate (aka primates)
M: calamus whitmorei
N: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
O: plagiostomum whitmani
P: None of the above. | [I; A; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [humans; l. whitmani; l. intermedia]
<Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
E: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
F: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
G: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
H: orobdella whitmani
I: somalicharmus whitmanae
J: mammals (aka mammalia)
K: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
L: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
M: primate (aka primates)
N: chionodes whitmanella
O: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
P: None of the above. | [F; A; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leptophlebia intermedia
B: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
D: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
E: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
F: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
G: plagiostomum whitmani
H: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
I: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
J: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [J; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: leptonema intermedium
C: vellozia intermedia
D: licuala intermedia
E: mancinella intermedia
F: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
G: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
H: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
J: leishmania killicki
K: None of the above. | [H; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
B: leishmania killicki
C: vellozia intermedia
D: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
G: harttiella intermedia
H: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
I: somalicharmus whitmanae
J: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [H; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
B: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: leptonema intermedium
D: mancinella intermedia
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
G: plagiostomum whitmani
H: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
I: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
J: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
K: None of the above. | [B; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: chionodes whitmanella
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
G: plagiostomum whitmani
H: leptonema intermedium
I: mancinella intermedia
J: None of the above. | [J; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It might, on the other hand, suggest that this behavioral gene, or at least the fragment we analyzed, did not play a role in speciation between L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: oldenburgia intermedia
C: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
F: harttiella intermedia
G: chionodes whitmanella
H: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
I: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
J: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
K: None of the above. | [C; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It might, on the other hand, suggest that this behavioral gene, or at least the fragment we analyzed, did not play a role in speciation between L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: mancinella intermedia
B: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
E: leptonema intermedium
F: somalicharmus whitmanae
G: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
H: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
I: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
J: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [J; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[44] despite per's role controlling lovesong and mating rhythm differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans [13-16].
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [d. melanogaster; d. simulans]
<Options>: A: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <flies>)
B: crassula simulans
C: drosophila simulans
D: pleiospilos simulans
E: drosophila melanogaster x drosophila simulans
F: hawaiian drosophila
G: amorphoscelis simulans (aka gigliotoscelis simulans)
H: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
I: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
J: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
K: None of the above. | [J; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[44] despite per's role controlling lovesong and mating rhythm differences between D. melanogaster and D. simulans [13-16].
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [d. melanogaster; d. simulans]
<Options>: A: drosophila simulans
B: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
C: bactrocera melanogaster (bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster) (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
D: parasteatoda simulans
E: melanogaster <flies> (melanogaster) (aka melanogaster <flies>)
F: alfaria simulans (gnamptogenys simulans) (aka alfaria simulans)
G: melanogaster subgroup
H: apodospora simulans
I: melanogaster group
J: None of the above. | [B; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: leptophlebia intermedia
D: harttiella intermedia
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
G: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
H: leishmania killicki
I: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
J: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [I; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
B: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
D: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
E: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
F: leptophlebia intermedia
G: harttiella intermedia
H: leishmania killicki
I: chionodes whitmanella
J: None of the above. | [B; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although the evidence for introgression in the per gene between L. intermedia and L. whitmani is not overwhelming, it does indicate the need to extend this analysis to other loci in the future.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: vellozia intermedia
F: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
G: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
H: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
I: licuala intermedia
J: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
K: None of the above. | [C; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia and L. whitmani were identified according to Young and Duncan [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: harttiella intermedia
C: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
F: plagiostomum whitmani
G: calamus whitmorei
H: leptophlebia intermedia
I: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
J: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [J; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia and L. whitmani were identified according to Young and Duncan [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: leptophlebia intermedia
C: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: vellozia intermedia
F: orobdella whitmani
G: leptonema intermedium
H: somalicharmus whitmanae
I: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
J: chionodes whitmanella
K: None of the above. | [C; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
B: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: leptonema intermedium
F: orobdella whitmani
G: plagiostomum whitmani
H: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
I: harttiella intermedia
J: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
K: None of the above. | [C; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: chionodes whitmanella
B: mancinella intermedia
C: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
E: orobdella whitmani
F: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
G: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
H: leptonema intermedium
I: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
J: vellozia intermedia
K: None of the above. | [F; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[45] and only one F1 male of each female was used for the molecular analysis, which included 68 individuals of L. intermedia (12 from Afonso Claudio, 18 from Posse, 20 from Corte de Pedra and 18 from Jacarepaguá) and 51 individuals of L. whitmani (12 from Afonso Claudio, 17 from Posse, 3 from Corte de Pedra and 19 from Ilhéus).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. intermedia; l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: orobdella whitmani
C: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
D: mancinella intermedia
E: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
F: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
G: leptonema intermedium
H: vellozia intermedia
I: chionodes whitmanella
J: None of the above. | [J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'With the exception of two L. whitmani individuals from Corte de Pedra (see below), only one sequence of each sand fly (representing one of the two possible alleles) was used in the analysis but an average of three sequences per individual were obtained in order to check possible PCR induced mutations.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: chionodes whitmanella
B: leishmania killicki
C: orobdella whitmani
D: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the case of the two L. whitmani mentioned above 6 and 9 clones were sequenced respectively from specimens WCP01 and WCP03 to determine both alleles simply to increase the size of this small sample.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [l. whitmani]
<Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: orobdella whitmani
C: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: leishmania killicki
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rap1p and other transcriptional regulators can function in defining distinct domains of gene expression
Abstract
Barrier elements that are able to block the propagation of transcriptional silencing in yeast are functionally similar to chromatin boundary/insulator elements in metazoans that delimit functional chromosomal domains.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyceta
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
E: saccharomycodes
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The HML and HMR loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are silent chromatin domains (1).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [saccharomyces cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
D: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
E: saccharomyces sp.
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The SIR complex consisting of Sir2p through Sir4p is an integral part of yeast silent chromatin.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces sp.
D: saccharomyceta
E: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In vertebrates and fission yeast, spread of silent chromatin involves a chain of events of histone H3 deacetylation → H3 methylation → binding of methylated H3 by HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1) or swi6 (4).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
E: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In S.cerevisiae, there is evidence that Sir3p (hence the SIR complex) has much higher affinity to unacetylated histone H4 than acetylated H4 (5).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [s.cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces paradoxus
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces uvarum
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One of the best characterized insulators is the chicken HS4 insulator at the β-globin locus.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken]
<Options>: A: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
B: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
C: gallorhynchus
D: gallus
E: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, sequences that could block the spread of silent chromatin have been discovered in S.cerevisiae (7,8).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [s.cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces paradoxus
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The mechanisms underlying barrier functions in yeast are not known.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
B: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
D: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The mechanisms underlying barrier functions in yeast are not known.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we found that in addition to TEF2-UAS, UASs of many yeast genes exhibit barrier activity.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
C: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
D: budding yeasts & others (aka saccharomycotina)
E: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA)
Rap1p was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) from pL3S5, a pET vector carrying the RAP1 gene downstream of a T7 promoter (26).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [escherichia coli bl21 (de3)]
<Options>: A: escherichia coli ht115 (escherichia coli strain ht115) (aka escherichia coli ht115)
B: escherichia coli bl21(de3) (escherichia coli strain bl21(de3)) (aka escherichia coli bl21(de3))
C: escherichia coli str. bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag (aka escherichia coli 'bl21-gold(de3)plyss ag')
D: bacterium de3(2012)
E: escherichia virus de3
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; salmon; e.coli]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
C: salmoneus
D: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
F: unspecified coliform bacterium
G: escherichia sp.
H: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
I: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
J: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
K: salmonid fish
L: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
M: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
N: salmonidae (salmonids) (aka salmonidae)
O: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
P: None of the above. | [L; N; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; salmon; e.coli]
<Options>: A: salmonid fish
B: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
C: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
E: escherichia
F: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
G: saccharomycodes
H: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
I: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
J: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
K: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
L: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
M: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
N: salmonidae (salmonids) (aka salmonidae)
O: salmoneus
P: None of the above. | [C; N; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '5 µg of crude protein extract, non-specific competitor DNAs (0.3 µg of yeast tRNA, 0.3 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 0.5 µg of E.coli DNA), 10 µg of BSA, 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM MgCl2 and 8% glycerol.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; salmon; e.coli]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces sp.
B: saccharomycodes
C: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
D: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
F: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
G: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
H: salmonidae (salmonids) (aka salmonidae)
I: salmoninae (trouts, salmons & chars) (aka salmoninae)
J: unspecified coliform bacterium
K: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
L: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
M: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
N: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
O: saccharomyceta
P: None of the above. | [D; H; N] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the supercoiling of DNA circles
Cells were grown in YPR (yeast extract + bacto peptone + 2% raffinose) to early log phase.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'TEF2 encoding translation elongation factor 1α is one of the most highly expressed genes in yeast (27).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this report we used the topology assay to address if barrier elements altered local chromatin structure as Drosophila or chicken insulators did (40,41).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [drosophila; chicken]
<Options>: A: arilus gallus
B: miletus gallus gallus
C: melanogaster subgroup
D: gallasellus
E: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
F: drosophila <flies,subgenus> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
G: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
H: gallus sp.
I: fruit fly (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
J: flies (aka diptera)
K: None of the above. | [I; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this report we used the topology assay to address if barrier elements altered local chromatin structure as Drosophila or chicken insulators did (40,41).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [drosophila; chicken]
<Options>: A: hawaiian drosophila
B: melanogaster subgroup
C: drosophila <basidiomycete fungi> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
D: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
E: arilus gallus
F: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
G: wild turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
H: miletus gallus gallus
I: gallorhynchus
J: fruit fly (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
K: None of the above. | [J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Various sequences (designated X) from UASs of TEF2, AgTEF (TEF gene from Ashbya gossypii) and ADE2 were inserted between HML-E and HMLα at HMLΔI (HML locus deleted for the I silencer) flanked by the FRT sites for the Flp1p site-specific recombinase (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [ashbya gossypii]
<Options>: A: eremothecium gossypii (ashbya gossypii (s.f. ashby & w. nowell) guillierm., 1928) (aka eremothecium gossypii)
B: aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) (aka aphis gossypii)
C: depressaria gossypiella (aka pectinophora gossypiella)
D: phytoscaphus gossypii
E: cercospora gossypii
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These newly identified barrier elements together with previously described barrier elements (STARs, HMR-tRNA gene, TEF2-UAS and CHA1-UAS) (9–11,21) are scattered across the yeast genome and may play a role in dividing the genome into functional domains.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For instance, the chicken β-globin insulator was linked to changes in nucleosome positioning, and the Drosophila scs and scs′ boundary elements are associated with unusual chromatin structures that are hypersensitive to nucleases (40,41).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; drosophila]
<Options>: A: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
B: wild turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
C: bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
D: hawaiian drosophila
E: miletus gallus gallus
F: landfowls (aka galliformes)
G: drosophila <basidiomycete fungi> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
H: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
I: melanogaster group
J: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
K: None of the above. | [J; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For instance, the chicken β-globin insulator was linked to changes in nucleosome positioning, and the Drosophila scs and scs′ boundary elements are associated with unusual chromatin structures that are hypersensitive to nucleases (40,41).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; drosophila]
<Options>: A: hawaiian drosophila
B: miletus gallus gallus
C: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
D: flies (aka diptera)
E: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
F: fruit flies (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
G: gallus sp.
H: arilus gallus
I: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
J: melanogaster group
K: None of the above. | [E; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, it is not clear whether any chromatin change associated with barrier function in yeast or insulator function in higher cells is the cause or effect of the function.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomyces sp.
E: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, recruitment of HAT activity has also been suggested to be the mechanism underlying the function of the chicken β-globin insulator (6), although it was not known what HAT might be involved.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken]
<Options>: A: gallio
B: arilus gallus
C: gallus gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
D: landfowls (aka galliformes)
E: gallorhynchus
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host immunity in the protective response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei
Abstract
Background
We performed initial cell, cytokine and complement depletion studies to investigate the possible role of these effectors in response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei in a susceptible BALB/c mouse model of infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [burkholderia mallei; mouse]
<Options>: A: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
B: peromyscus
C: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
D: burkholderia mallei china_7
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
G: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
H: burkholderia mallei 2000031281
I: burkholderia mallei jhu (burkholderia mallei strain jhu) (aka burkholderia mallei jhu)
J: burkholderia mallei a188
K: None of the above. | [G; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host immunity in the protective response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei
Abstract
Background
We performed initial cell, cytokine and complement depletion studies to investigate the possible role of these effectors in response to vaccination with heat-killed Burkholderia mallei in a susceptible BALB/c mouse model of infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [burkholderia mallei; mouse]
<Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: burkholderia mallei china_7
C: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
D: burkholderia mallei 2002721280 (burkholderia mallei strain 2002721280) (aka burkholderia mallei 2002721280)
E: peromyscus
F: bacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
G: burkholderia mallei 2000031281
H: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
I: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
J: burkholderia mallei a188
K: None of the above. | [F; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated that mice depleted of either B cells, TNF-α or IFN-γ exhibited decreased survival rates, indicating a role for these effectors in obtaining partial protection from a lethal challenge by the intraperitoneal route.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
C: peromyscus
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated that mice depleted of either B cells, TNF-α or IFN-γ exhibited decreased survival rates, indicating a role for these effectors in obtaining partial protection from a lethal challenge by the intraperitoneal route.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
B: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: peromyscus
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
The data provide a basis for future studies of protection via vaccination using either subunit or whole-organism vaccine preparations from lethal infection in the experimental BALB/c mouse model.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, is a gram-negative, capsulated, non-motile, facultative intracelluar bacterium.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [burkholderia mallei]
<Options>: A: burkholderia mallei strain_11
B: burkholderia mallei china_7
C: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
D: burkholderia mallei 2000031281
E: burkholderia mallei savp1 (burkholderia mallei strain savp1) (aka burkholderia mallei savp1)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most known members of the Burkholderiaceae are resident in the soil; however, B. mallei is thought to be an obligate mammalian pathogen.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: malleco
B: erysiphe malloti
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: actinobacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Horses are highly susceptible to infection and considered the natural reservoir for infection, although mules and donkeys are also susceptible [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: equus asinus (ass (aka equus asinus))
B: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
C: equus asinus africanus (equus africanus asinus) (aka equus asinus africanus)
D: equus subgen. sussemionus (aka equus)
E: hybrid of male horse and female donkey (aka equus caballus x equus asinus)
F: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
G: domestic horse (aka equus caballus)
H: equus asinus asinus
I: eques
J: equidae (horses) (aka equidae)
K: None of the above. | [G; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Horses are highly susceptible to infection and considered the natural reservoir for infection, although mules and donkeys are also susceptible [1].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: equus asinus africanus (equus africanus asinus) (aka equus asinus africanus)
B: equus asinus asinus
C: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
D: horses (aka equidae)
E: domestic ass (aka equus asinus)
F: domestic horse (aka equus caballus)
G: equus asinus (ass (aka equus asinus))
H: equine (aka equus caballus)
I: equetus
J: None of the above. | [H; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinically, glanders in solipeds can present as either a chronic (horses) or acute (mules and donkeys) form.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: equus caballus x equus asinus (hybrid of male horse and female donkey) (aka equus caballus x equus asinus)
B: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
C: equus asinus x equus caballus (hybrid of male donkey and female horse) (aka equus asinus x equus caballus)
D: equus asinus asinus
E: equus asinus africanus (equus africanus asinus) (aka equus asinus africanus)
F: african wild ass (aka equus asinus)
G: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
H: equidae (horses) (aka equidae)
I: equetus
J: equine (aka equus caballus)
K: None of the above. | [J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinically, glanders in solipeds can present as either a chronic (horses) or acute (mules and donkeys) form.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [horses; donkeys]
<Options>: A: equus caballus x equus asinus (hybrid of male horse and female donkey) (aka equus caballus x equus asinus)
B: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
C: african wild ass (aka equus asinus)
D: equus sp.
E: equus africanus asinus (aka equus asinus africanus)
F: equine (aka equus caballus)
G: equus subg. asinus (aka equus)
H: eques
I: equus caballus ferus (aka equus ferus)
J: None of the above. | [F; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Naturally acquired human infection with B. mallei, although not seen in the United States since 1945, has occurred rarely and sporadically among laboratory workers and those in direct contact with infected animals [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; b. mallei]
<Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: genus
C: suborder
D: mallomonas papillosa
E: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
F: macrobiotus sapiens
G: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
H: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
I: mucilaginibacter mallensis
J: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
K: None of the above. | [A; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Naturally acquired human infection with B. mallei, although not seen in the United States since 1945, has occurred rarely and sporadically among laboratory workers and those in direct contact with infected animals [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; b. mallei]
<Options>: A: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
B: erysiphe malloti
C: birds (aka aves)
D: actinobacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: malleco
F: mucilaginibacter mallensis
G: primate (aka primates)
H: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
I: animals (aka metazoa)
J: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
K: None of the above. | [H; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Inhalation of aerosol or dust containing B. mallei can lead to septicemic, pulmonary, or chronic infections of the muscle, liver and spleen.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
B: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: pseudomonas mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There is no human or animal vaccine available for glanders, and development of a partial or fully protective adaptive host response to the organism has not been well-defined.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: primate (aka primates)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: species
D: humans (aka homo)
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previous studies with B. mallei and the host response have shown that a mixed immune response consisting of both Th1 and Th2-associated cytokines with a predominant IgG1 subclass does not correlate with protection [4].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: malleco
B: erysiphe malloti
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: pfeifferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additional studies with passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies specific for B. mallei have correlated with early protection from infection [5].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: mallomonas papillosa
B: acinetobacter mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
D: malleco
E: mucilaginibacter mallensis
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recent studies have also shown the Th1 cytokine IL-12 to mediate partial protection to non-viable B. mallei-vaccinated mice [6].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: malleco
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
F: peromyscus
G: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
H: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
I: mouse (aka mus musculus)
J: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
K: None of the above. | [D; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recent studies have also shown the Th1 cytokine IL-12 to mediate partial protection to non-viable B. mallei-vaccinated mice [6].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
E: malleco
F: pseudomonas mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
G: mouse (aka mus musculus)
H: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
I: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
J: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
K: None of the above. | [F; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, full correlates of protection mediated by the adaptive immune system against B. mallei remain to be fully elucidated.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: erysiphe malloti
B: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
D: mucilaginibacter mallensis
E: pfeifferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this series of studies, we sought to address the impact of depletion of the major effector lymphoid cell populations (B220+ B cells, CD4+ or CD8+ T cells) and key pro-inflammatory/Type 1 cytokines (IFN-γ or TNF-α) on survival in BALB/c mice vaccinated with heat killed (HK) bacilli followed by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with live organism.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heat killed bacteria were used as a model of vaccination to allow evaluation of B. mallei specific immune responses.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: malleco
B: mallocybe (inocybe subg. mallocybe) (aka mallocybe)
C: bartonella melophagi (candidatus bartonella melophagi) (aka bartonella melophagi)
D: loefferella mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mallomonas papillosa
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: mucilaginibacter mallensis
B: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: bacillus mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
G: malleco
H: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
I: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
J: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
K: None of the above. | [D; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: pseudomonas mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
C: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
D: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
E: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
F: mucilaginibacter mallensis
G: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
H: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
I: peromyscus
J: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
K: None of the above. | [B; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Heat-killed B. mallei vaccination mediates partial protection from lethal challenge
To begin to address this issue in an animal model of acute infection, we established that immunologically naive BALB/c mice challenged i.p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; mice]
<Options>: A: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
G: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
H: peromyscus
I: 'bartonella melophagi' (aka bartonella melophagi)
J: None of the above. | [J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two independent experiments resulted in similar findings of 40% survival for HK-vaccinated mice with a mean survival time (MST) of 8 days versus 4 days in naïve mice (Fig. 1).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The administration of vaccines for B. mallei during an outbreak would mandate relatively rapid onset of protection for human or veterinary use.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; human]
<Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: malleomyces pseudomallei (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: mucilaginibacter mallensis
D: this
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: inocybe subg. mallocybe (aka mallocybe)
G: acinetobacter mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
H: kingdom
I: mallomonas papillosa
J: species
K: None of the above. | [G; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The administration of vaccines for B. mallei during an outbreak would mandate relatively rapid onset of protection for human or veterinary use.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei; human]
<Options>: A: birds (aka aves)
B: kingdom
C: mallomonas papillosa
D: pseudomonas mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
E: mucilaginibacter mallensis
F: modicella malleola (endogone malleola) (aka modicella malleola)
G: human (aka homo sapiens)
H: mammals (aka mammalia)
I: animals (aka metazoa)
J: mallomonas peronoides (aka mallomonas peroneides)
K: None of the above. | [D; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results indicate that HK vaccination can afford partial protection to an otherwise lethal challenge of B. mallei by the i.p. route.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. mallei]
<Options>: A: erysiphe malloti
B: mallomonas peroneides (mallomonas peronoides) (aka mallomonas peroneides)
C: malleomyces mallei (aka burkholderia mallei)
D: mucilaginibacter mallensis
E: malleco
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Effects of cell depletion on HK-vaccinated survival
To dissect the cellular basis for protection mediated by HK vaccination, 13 days after immunization with HK bacteria (day -1), and at day of challenge, mice were dosed with antibodies to deplete CD4+, CD8+ or B220+ cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: peromyscus
C: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antibody depletion of CD4+, CD8+, or B220+ cells in these mice was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis with depletion efficiencies for CD4, CD8, and B220 populations at 99.7%, 96%, and 95%, respectively, relative to mice treated with isotype control monoclonal antibodies (data not shown).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrated decreased survival rates in B220 (p = 0.3418), CD4+ (p = 0.5417) and CD8+ (p = 0.4684) antibody depleted mice, compared to isotype control antibody, a finding that indicated a possible role for vaccine induced antibody production.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mice]
<Options>: A: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
D: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When challenged with 2 × 107 CFU/mouse by the i.p. route, loss of T cells resulted in reduced survival (50%) relative to the non-specific isotype control (Fig. 2).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
E: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
F: None of the above. | [C] |
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