instruction stringlengths 161 2.29k | input stringlengths 80 650 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'A yeast functional assay confirmed the absence of p53 full-length expression in SK-N-AS and IGR-NB8
It is possible to detect p53 mutation using a simple yeast colony color assay as described by Flaman et al. (23).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces sp.
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the IGR-N-91 cell line, where p53 harbors two contiguous sets of exons 7–9, spanning the DBD and oligomerization domain, it is interesting to note that the yeast colonies were predominantly white (Figure 4B, dish b) with the split 5′ and the split 3′ assay (96 and 87% of white colonies, respectively)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The p53RE located within either the human p21/WAF1 promoter or the intron 1 of the mouse and human BAX gene [(18) and D. Munsch, personnal communication) were cloned in a luciferase reporter gene plasmid upstream of the E1B minimal promoter as described in Materials and Methods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: biota (aka cellular organisms)
D: primate (aka primates)
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The p53RE located within either the human p21/WAF1 promoter or the intron 1 of the mouse and human BAX gene [(18) and D. Munsch, personnal communication) were cloned in a luciferase reporter gene plasmid upstream of the E1B minimal promoter as described in Materials and Methods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mammals (aka mammalia)
B: species
C: this
D: suborder
E: avian (aka aves)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The p53RE located within either the human p21/WAF1 promoter or the intron 1 of the mouse and human BAX gene [(18) and D. Munsch, personnal communication) were cloned in a luciferase reporter gene plasmid upstream of the E1B minimal promoter as described in Materials and Methods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The p53RE located within either the human p21/WAF1 promoter or the intron 1 of the mouse and human BAX gene [(18) and D. Munsch, personnal communication) were cloned in a luciferase reporter gene plasmid upstream of the E1B minimal promoter as described in Materials and Methods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: macrobiotus sapiens
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: kingdom
D: species
E: humans (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The p53 gene, the ‘genome guardian’, is mutated in over 50% of human cancers, with the most common mutations being missense mutations (>2/3 of mutations) (26).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: suborder
C: animals (aka metazoa)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In human neuroblastoma tumors, p53 mutations are rarely present at the time of diagnosis (5,27); however, oncogenic p53 mutations can be found in advanced neuroblastomas that often relapse following high-dose chemotherapy (10).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: probles
C: species
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: animals (aka metazoa)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'An investigation into the p53 genomic status and functions of eight human NB lines revealed that all five of the mutated cell lines had distinct genetic characteristics as is schematically represented in Figure 9: SK-N-BE(2) with a single missense mutation in the p53 gene, encoding a highly stable full-length protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: genus
C: homo (humans) (aka homo)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: kingdom
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Peculiarities of carcinogenesis under simultaneous oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene and o-cresol in mice.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
A modifying influence of ortho-cresol (o-cresol) on the carcinogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with combined oral administration to CC57Br mice had been found.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: peromyscus
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Environnmental Health Perspectives Supplements Vol. 101 (Suppl. 3): 341-344 (1993)
Peculiarities of Carcinogenesis under Simultaneous Oral Administration of
Benzo(a)Pyrene and o-Cresol in Mice
by N. Ya.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
E: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A modifying influence of ortho-cresol (o-cresol) on the carcinogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with combined oral administration to CC57Br mice had been found.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
D: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
E: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The maximal enhancing effect was observed after BaP (2.5 mg) and NO2 (0.87 mg/m3) were exposed to rat respiratory tract.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
B: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
C: rattus sp. (rats (aka rattus sp.))
D: rattus norvegicus albus
E: mus norvegicus (aka rattus norvegicus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The maximal enhancing effect was observed after BaP (2.5 mg) and NO2 (0.87 mg/m3) were exposed to rat respiratory tract.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
B: rattus norvegicus albus
C: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
D: roof rat (aka rattus rattus)
E: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phenol at 1 mg orally to CC57Br mice enhanced the BaP (1 mg) effect, but no effect was seen at 0.02 mg.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This report presents the results of combined oral administration of BaP and artho-cresol (o-cresol) in mice,
'Ukrainian State Medical Center for Environmental Health, Kiev, Ukraine.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: peromyscus
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted on CC57Br female mice weighing 12-14 g. Animals were divided in 15 groups.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
B: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: peromyscus
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One hundred percent of the mice that received 5 mg of BaP alone had tumors.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: peromyscus
D: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Shortening of the time to appearance of malignant tumors was also observed: the mice with forestomach cancer died between 23 and 26.2 weeks after the beginning of experiment, but the controls survived to 58.5 weeks.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: peromyscus
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Muliple small metastases in the lungs and mediastinum were found in 42.8% of mice, which signifies a high degree of malignancy.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: peromyscus
E: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Besides the quantitative aspects, other peculiarities of carcinogenesis in mice simultaneously administered BaP and o-cresol should be noted.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
B: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Many mice were emaciated, and the tumors could be
Table 1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Theatmenta
No. of mice Stage 1 Stage 2
Groups of in each No. of No. of
animals group Substances Dose, mg applications Substances Dose, mg applications
1 55 BaP, o-cresol 5 +10 10 - - 2 45 BaP 5 10 - - 3 40 TEG la 10 - - 4 45 TEG, o-cresol 1b + 10 10 - - 5 30 BaP, o-cresol 1+1 20 - - 6 30 BaP, o-cresol 1 + 0.02 20 - - 7 30 o-Cresol 1 20 BaP 1 20 8 30 BaP 1 20 o-Cresol 1 20 9 30 BaP 1 20 - 10 30 - - - BaP 1 20 11 30 o-Cresol 1 20 - 12 30 - - - o-Cresol 1 20 13 30 o-Cresol + TEG 1+2' 20 - 14 30 o-Cresol + TEG 0.02 +2b 20
15 30 TEG 2b 20 - - Abbreviations: BaP, benzo[a]pyrene; TEG, triethylene glycol.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
B: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Occurrence of forestomach tumors in CC57Br mice after combined oral administration of BaP and o-cresol.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
D: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
E: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Occurrence of forestomach tumors in CC57Br mice after combined oral administration of BaP and o-cresol.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
C: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Multiple papillomas occurred (9-15 in each mouse).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In mice simultaneously administered BaP and o-cresol, the proliferative alterations of forestomach epithelium were seen after the third dose.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
E: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There were fewer papillomas per mouse (four to eight in each mouse) than in the control group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
C: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
D: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There were fewer papillomas per mouse (four to eight in each mouse) than in the control group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
D: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Only 4 out of 29 mice (13.8%) developed malignant tumors.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
C: peromyscus
D: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kaufman, D. C., and Madison, R. M. Synergistic effects of
benzo(a)pyrene and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea respirators carcinogenesis in Syrian golden hamsters.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'syrian golden hamsters'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: armenian hamster (aka nothocricetulus migratorius)
B: turkish hamster (aka mesocricetus brandti)
C: golden hamsters (aka mesocricetus auratus)
D: hamsters (aka cricetinae)
E: romanian hamster (aka mesocricetus newtoni)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pfeiffer, E. H. Investigations of the carcinogenic burden by air
pollution in man.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'man'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: birds (aka aves)
B: neanderthal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: kingdom
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Komine, T. Influences of sulfur dioxide and 3,4-benzpyrene on the
respiratory organ of rats.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rats'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rattus sp. (rats (aka rattus sp.))
B: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
C: rattus norvegicus albus
D: mus norvegicus (aka rattus norvegicus)
E: rattus rattoides (aka rattus rattus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Van Duuren, B. L., Katz, C., and Goldschmidt, B. M. Brief communica
tion: cocarcinogenic agents in tobacco carcinogenesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tree tobacco (aka nicotiana glauca)
B: tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
C: wood tobacco (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
D: nicotiana benthamiana
E: nicotiana
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Van Duuren, B. L., and Goldschmidt, B. M. Cocarcinogenic and
tumor-promoting agents in tobacco carcinogenesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana acuminata (acuminate tobacco) (aka nicotiana acuminata)
B: indian tobacco (aka nicotiana alata)
C: nicotiana benthamiana
D: common tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
E: nicotianeae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Van Duuren, B. L., and Goldschmidt, B. M. Cocarcinogenic and
tumor-promoting agents in tobacco carcinogenesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flowering tobacco (aka nicotiana alata)
B: nicotiana sylvestris (wood tobacco) (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
C: acuminate tobacco (aka nicotiana acuminata)
D: curled-leaved tobacco (aka nicotiana plumbaginifolia)
E: nicotiana benthamiana
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In: Carcinogenic Sub
stances in the Environment of Man (L. M. Shabad and A. P. Ilnitsky, Eds.), Budapest, 1979, pp. 111-113.
28.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'man'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: this
C: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
D: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In: Methods for Estimating Risk of Chemical Injury: Human and Non-human Biota and Ecosystems (V. B. Vouk, G. C. Butler, D. G. Hoel, and D. B. Peakall, Eds.), SCOPE, 1985, pp. 155-180.
35.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: probles
C: genus
D: mammals (aka mammalia)
E: birds (aka aves)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In: Methods for Estimating Risk of Chemical Injury: Human and Non-human Biota and Ecosystems (V. B. Vouk, G. C. Butler, D. G. Hoel, and D. B. Peakall, Eds.), SCOPE, 1985, pp. 155-180.
35.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
C: mammals (aka mammalia)
D: kingdom
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Karu, T, Kirso, U. E., and Andrianov, L. A. Dynamics of resorption of
3,4-benzpyrene with phenols from mouse skin [in Russian].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
C: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We observed that the strictly anaerobic organism Chlorobium limicola DSM 24 has RNR_3 proteins (e.g. [Entrez:ZP_00512827]) as well as an enzyme ([Entrez:ZP_00512727]) that matches RNR_1_like, suggesting that RNR_1_like, a subfamily lacking experimental characterization, may contain non-oxygen dependent versions of RNR_1.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlorobium limicola'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: halostella limicola
B: chlorobium limicola
C: roseibium limicola
D: paranerilla limicola
E: natrinema limicola (natrinema limicola (cui et al. 2006) de la haba et al. 2022) (aka natrinema limicola)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Video analysis of the escape flight of Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus: does the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis persist in continental North America?
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: platycheirus pilatus
B: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
D: graphidipus pilifera
E: scotargus pilosus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Video analysis of the escape flight of Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus: does the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis persist in continental North America?
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dryocopus pileatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
B: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: scutovertex pileatus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Video analysis of the escape flight of Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus: does the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis persist in continental North America?
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
B: rufous-winged woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Video analysis of the escape flight of Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus: does the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis persist in continental North America?
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'campephilus principalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: calocolobopterus principalis (aphodius principalis) (aka calocolobopterus principalis)
B: phonoctonus principalis
C: peristera principalis (aka aplopelia larvata principalis)
D: campephilus principalis principalis (aka campephilus principalis)
E: eleutherodactylus principalis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
Background
The apparent rediscovery of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis in Arkansas, USA, previously feared extinct, was supported by video evidence of a single bird in flight (Fitzpatrick et al, Science 2005, 308:1460–1462).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
B: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
E: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
Background
The apparent rediscovery of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis in Arkansas, USA, previously feared extinct, was supported by video evidence of a single bird in flight (Fitzpatrick et al, Science 2005, 308:1460–1462).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
B: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
C: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
D: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
E: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
Background
The apparent rediscovery of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis in Arkansas, USA, previously feared extinct, was supported by video evidence of a single bird in flight (Fitzpatrick et al, Science 2005, 308:1460–1462).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'campephilus principalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: botyodes principalis (botys principalis) (aka botyodes principalis)
B: chrysis principalis
C: phonoctonus principalis
D: picus principalis (aka campephilus principalis)
E: onchocleidus principalis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Plumage patterns and wingbeat frequency of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker were said to be incompatible with the only possible confusion species native to the area, the Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
B: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
C: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
D: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Plumage patterns and wingbeat frequency of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker were said to be incompatible with the only possible confusion species native to the area, the Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
B: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
C: cycloderes pilosus
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Plumage patterns and wingbeat frequency of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker were said to be incompatible with the only possible confusion species native to the area, the Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dryocopus pileatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
B: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: chlorospingus pileatus
D: apiomorpha pileata
E: leptasthenura pileata
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
New video analysis of Pileated Woodpeckers in escape flights comparable to that of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker filmed in Arkansas shows that Pileated Woodpeckers can display a wingbeat frequency equivalent to that of the Arkansas bird during escape flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: pilargidae
C: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
D: pterourus pilumnus (aka papilio pilumnus)
E: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
New video analysis of Pileated Woodpeckers in escape flights comparable to that of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker filmed in Arkansas shows that Pileated Woodpeckers can display a wingbeat frequency equivalent to that of the Arkansas bird during escape flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
D: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
New video analysis of Pileated Woodpeckers in escape flights comparable to that of the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker filmed in Arkansas shows that Pileated Woodpeckers can display a wingbeat frequency equivalent to that of the Arkansas bird during escape flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
B: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: callianopsidae
E: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The critical frames from the Arkansas video that were used to identify the bird as an Ivory-billed Woodpecker are shown to be equally, or more, compatible with the Pileated Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
B: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
E: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The critical frames from the Arkansas video that were used to identify the bird as an Ivory-billed Woodpecker are shown to be equally, or more, compatible with the Pileated Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cycloderes pilosus
B: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
C: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
D: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
The identification of the bird filmed in Arkansas in April 2004 as an Ivory-billed Woodpecker is best regarded as unsafe.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
B: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
C: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
D: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
E: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
The identification of the bird filmed in Arkansas in April 2004 as an Ivory-billed Woodpecker is best regarded as unsafe.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dryocopus martius (black woodpecker) (aka dryocopus martius)
B: white-throated woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
C: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
D: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
E: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The similarities between the Arkansas bird and known Pileated Woodpeckers suggest that it was most likely a Pileated Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: haustoriidae
B: callianopsidae
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
E: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The similarities between the Arkansas bird and known Pileated Woodpeckers suggest that it was most likely a Pileated Woodpecker.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
B: artabotrys pilosus
C: scotargus pilosus
D: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
The reported rediscovery of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker in 2004–5 in the Big Woods of Arkansas gave new impetus to efforts to conserve the mature bottomland woodlands of the south-eastern USA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
B: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
C: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Crucial to the scientific case for the persistence of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker was a 4 s video of a large woodpecker in flight recorded by M.D. Luneau on 25 April 2004 (henceforth referred to as the 'Luneau video') and published in 2005', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brown-backed woodpecker (aka dendropicos obsoletus)
B: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
C: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1], which was claimed to be inconsistent with the plumage patterns of the superficially similar Pileated Woodpecker (a common resident bird of the area).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
B: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
C: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The upperwing of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker is black, with white secondary feathers and white on some inner primary feathers.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
B: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
C: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
D: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pileated Woodpeckers have a largely black upperwing, with white restricted to the 'wrist' due to white bases to the primary feathers.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: haustoriidae
B: pilumnoididae
C: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
E: callianopsidae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The underwing of Pileated Woodpecker has all-white underwing coverts, giving an appearance of a white underwing with a broad black outline (the black flight feathers).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
B: scotargus pilosus
C: cryptophagus pilosus
D: platycheirus pilatus
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These plumage differences result in the Ivory-billed Woodpecker having a white trailing edge to the wings (upper and lower sides), whereas the Pileated Woodpecker has a black trailing edge to the wings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
B: rufous-winged woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
C: bar-bellied woodpecker (aka veniliornis nigriceps)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These plumage differences result in the Ivory-billed Woodpecker having a white trailing edge to the wings (upper and lower sides), whereas the Pileated Woodpecker has a black trailing edge to the wings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptophagus pilosus
B: artabotrys pilosus
C: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: graphidipus pilifera
E: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These plumage differences result in the Ivory-billed Woodpecker having a white trailing edge to the wings (upper and lower sides), whereas the Pileated Woodpecker has a black trailing edge to the wings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scotargus pilosus
B: pheidole pilifera
C: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
D: cryptophagus pilosus
E: artabotrys pilosus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wingbeat frequency of the bird in the Luneau video was measured at 8.6 beats s-1, similar to that inferred from archival sound recording of a single Ivory-billed Woodpecker, but claimed to be outside the range of Pileated Woodpeckers (which generally have slower wingbeats)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: black woodpecker (aka dryocopus martius)
B: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
C: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
D: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
E: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wingbeat frequency of the bird in the Luneau video was measured at 8.6 beats s-1, similar to that inferred from archival sound recording of a single Ivory-billed Woodpecker, but claimed to be outside the range of Pileated Woodpeckers (which generally have slower wingbeats)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilargidae
B: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
C: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: haustoriidae
E: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They pointed out individual frames of the Luneau video that appear to show three features that are each inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker: (1) apparently black secondary feathers on the upper surface of the left wing, (2) particularly bright white primary bases, and (3) a black band curving smoothly round the wing tip (see Figure 3 in [4]).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: black woodpecker (aka dryocopus martius)
B: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
C: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
D: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They hypothesized that flexing of a Pileated Woodpecker's wings during flight could produce the appearance of white trailing edges on both wings in low-quality videos [4].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: graphidipus pilifera
B: cryptophagus pilosus
C: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
E: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They offered, however, no direct evidence to show that this could cause a video of a Pileated Woodpecker to look like the bird in the Luneau video.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nyctocorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
B: graphidipus pilifera
C: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4], publishing video stills of Pileated Woodpeckers, and a model of a Pileated Woodpecker, that appeared to show a black trailing edge to the wings inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker and the Luneau video.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
B: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
D: haustoriidae
E: pilargidae
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4], publishing video stills of Pileated Woodpeckers, and a model of a Pileated Woodpecker, that appeared to show a black trailing edge to the wings inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker and the Luneau video.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: platycheirus pilatus
B: artabotrys pilosus
C: graphidipus pilifera
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4], publishing video stills of Pileated Woodpeckers, and a model of a Pileated Woodpecker, that appeared to show a black trailing edge to the wings inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker and the Luneau video.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-stained woodpecker (aka veniliornis affinis)
B: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
C: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
D: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[4], some of the frames of the bird in the Luneau video do appear to be inconsistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: little woodpecker (aka veniliornis passerinus)
B: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
C: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
D: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On the other hand, the flight pattern of the bird in the Luneau video is asserted to be atypical for Pileated Woodpecker (but matching anecdotal descriptions of Ivory-billed Woodpecker).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pheidole pilifera
B: cycloderes pilosus
C: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
D: cryptophagus pilosus
E: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On the other hand, the flight pattern of the bird in the Luneau video is asserted to be atypical for Pileated Woodpecker (but matching anecdotal descriptions of Ivory-billed Woodpecker).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pileated finch (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
B: platycheirus pilatus
C: graphidipus pilifera
D: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
E: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On the other hand, the flight pattern of the bird in the Luneau video is asserted to be atypical for Pileated Woodpecker (but matching anecdotal descriptions of Ivory-billed Woodpecker).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
B: white-throated woodpecker (aka piculus leucolaemus)
C: cream-colored woodpecker (aka celeus flavus)
D: red-bellied woodpecker (aka melanerpes carolinus)
E: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, the general impression of the bird in the Luneau video was that there is far too much white in the wings for it to be a Pileated Woodpecker, and that if it was a Pileated, then it must be an aberrant one with abnormally extensive white plumage.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
B: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
C: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
D: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
E: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study was undertaken to determine whether the flight and plumage of the bird in the Luneau video really was inconsistent with either a normal or partial albino Pileated Woodpecker.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: graphidipus pilifera
B: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: melanelixia piliferella (melanelia piliferella) (aka melanelixia piliferella)
D: pheidole pilifera
E: pileated finch (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Independent analyses of the plumage patterns and wingbeat frequencies observable in Pileated Woodpeckers are presented, and it is concluded that the identification of the bird in the Luneau video as definite Ivory-billed Woodpecker is probably unsafe.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
B: cycloderes pilosus
C: nycticorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
D: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Independent analyses of the plumage patterns and wingbeat frequencies observable in Pileated Woodpeckers are presented, and it is concluded that the identification of the bird in the Luneau video as definite Ivory-billed Woodpecker is probably unsafe.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red-headed woodpecker (aka melanerpes erythrocephalus)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
D: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
E: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
On January 28 and February 5, 2006, David Nolin (DN) video-recorded Pileated Woodpeckers Dryocopus pileatus at a bird-feeder in Dayton, Ohio, USA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
B: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
C: pilargidae
D: pilumnoididae
E: picus pileatus (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
On January 28 and February 5, 2006, David Nolin (DN) video-recorded Pileated Woodpeckers Dryocopus pileatus at a bird-feeder in Dayton, Ohio, USA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dryocopus pileatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: auriporia pileata (aka cystidiopostia pileata)
B: lanio pileatus (aka coryphospingus pileatus)
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: scutovertex pileatus
E: chlorospingus pileatus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Four escape flights were captured that approximate to that recorded for the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis by Luneau in April 2004 and published in Fitzpatrick et al', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurasian green woodpecker (aka picus viridis)
B: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
C: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
D: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
E: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Four escape flights were captured that approximate to that recorded for the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis by Luneau in April 2004 and published in Fitzpatrick et al', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'campephilus principalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chrysis principalis
B: aphodius principalis (aka calocolobopterus principalis)
C: botyodes principalis (botys principalis) (aka botyodes principalis)
D: xyleborus principalis
E: campephilus principalis principalis (aka campephilus principalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The videos are not directly equivalent because the Pileated Woodpeckers made only short escape flights to nearby trees, whereas the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker in the Luneau video showed little sign of coming to rest before being lost from view.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
B: spongiphoridae (little earwigs) (aka spongiphoridae)
C: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
D: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
E: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The videos are not directly equivalent because the Pileated Woodpeckers made only short escape flights to nearby trees, whereas the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker in the Luneau video showed little sign of coming to rest before being lost from view.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cycloderes pilosus
B: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
C: woodpeckers and others (aka piciformes)
D: picidae (woodpeckers) (aka picidae)
E: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The videos are not directly equivalent because the Pileated Woodpeckers made only short escape flights to nearby trees, whereas the putative Ivory-billed Woodpecker in the Luneau video showed little sign of coming to rest before being lost from view.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
B: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
C: olivaceous piculet (aka picumnus olivaceus)
D: striped woodpecker (aka veniliornis lignarius)
E: red-rumped woodpecker (aka veniliornis kirkii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Wingbeat frequency of Pileated Woodpecker
The woodpecker in the Luneau video maintains a steady rapid wingbeat rate of 8.6 beats s-1 for at least 8 wingbeats [1], a figure that was confirmed by independent analysis during preparation of this paper.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: artabotrys pilosus
B: scotargus pilosus
C: pheidole pilifera
D: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Pileated woodpeckers in DN's video do not do this – after initial rapid flapping immediately after take-off, they settle into a more relaxed level flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nycticorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
B: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
C: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: pilumnidae
E: pilargidae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As shown in Tables 1 and 2, although the mean wingbeat frequencies of the Pileated Woodpeckers in DN's video are slower than the 8.6 s-1 recorded for the bird in the Luneau video [1,3,5] the first four wingbeats, the initial escape response, are faster than those claimed for Pileated Woodpeckers in the literature [1,3,5].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nycticorax pileatus (aka pilherodius pileatus)
B: dryocopus pileatus (pileated woodpecker) (aka dryocopus pileatus)
C: papilio pilumnus (pterourus pilumnus) (aka papilio pilumnus)
D: hylobates pileatus (pileated gibbon) (aka hylobates pileatus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As shown in Tables 1 and 2, although the mean wingbeat frequencies of the Pileated Woodpeckers in DN's video are slower than the 8.6 s-1 recorded for the bird in the Luneau video [1,3,5] the first four wingbeats, the initial escape response, are faster than those claimed for Pileated Woodpeckers in the literature [1,3,5].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilumnidae
B: cycloderes pilosus
C: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
D: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: pilargidae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 8.6 beats s-1 of the bird identified in the Luneau video, while consistent with the limited data (n = 1; see Discussion) for Ivory-billed Woodpecker, is equally consistent with Pileated Woodpecker in its initial escape flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ivory-billed woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ivory-billed woodpecker (aka campephilus principalis)
B: sind woodpecker (aka dendrocopos assimilis)
C: yellow-throated woodpecker (aka piculus flavigula)
D: white-browed woodpecker (aka piculus aurulentus)
E: gray-crowned woodpecker (aka colaptes auricularis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 8.6 beats s-1 of the bird identified in the Luneau video, while consistent with the limited data (n = 1; see Discussion) for Ivory-billed Woodpecker, is equally consistent with Pileated Woodpecker in its initial escape flight.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpecker'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilherodius pileatus (nyctocorax pileatus) (aka pilherodius pileatus)
B: cryptophagus pilosus
C: artabotrys pilosus
D: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
E: cycloderes pilosus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The bird in the Luneau video maintains a frequency of 8.6 s-1 for the next four wingbeats too, whereas the Pileated Woodpeckers recorded here all slowed their flight as they prepared to land in nearby trees.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pileated woodpeckers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: callianopsidae
B: hairy woodpecker (aka picoides villosus)
C: pileated woodpecker (aka dryocopus pileatus)
D: woodpeckers (aka picidae)
E: stripe-cheeked woodpecker (aka piculus callopterus)
F: None of the above. | C |
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