instruction stringlengths 161 2.29k | input stringlengths 80 650 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Five single nucleotide changes are located in exon 5; of these five, three predict an amino acid change, and one of the three (Ile179Met) has been described by Lewis et al.27 in a paediatric patient with familial short stature and the other two, as yet undescribed, are contiguous in a single individual (Pro133Hys and Arg134Leu).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: this
C: kingdom
D: theraps
E: genus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of SNP association with adult height was subsequently performed to establish a body of knowledge useful for comparing patient genotypes and phenotypes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: proxys
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: isolate
D: this
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A recent study from Giordano et al.34 has shown a twofold reduced luciferase activity for the G nucleotide bearing promoter haplotype in transfected rat pituitary cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
B: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
C: brown rat (aka rattus norvegicus)
D: rattus norvegicus albus
E: rattus rattus (rattus wroughtoni) (aka rattus rattus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A recent study from Giordano et al.34 has shown a twofold reduced luciferase activity for the G nucleotide bearing promoter haplotype in transfected rat pituitary cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
B: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
C: house rat (aka rattus rattus)
D: rattus norvegicus albus
E: rat (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The high density of SNPs and their proximity hamper other genotyping strategies for rapid determination of the complete GH1 SNP map in large control and patient populations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: aides
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Systematic GH1 gene analysis in patients with growth delay and suspected GH deficiency/insufficiency will clarify whether different SNP frequencies and/or the presence of different sequence changes may be associated with phenotypes in them.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: circe
B: cancer
C: theraps
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Down-regulation of the M6P/IGF-II receptor increases cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
Abstract
Background
The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) is a multi-functional protein that has been implicated in regulation of cell growth and apoptosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
B: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
C: roof rat (aka rattus rattus)
D: rat (aka rattus norvegicus) (aka rattus norvegicus)
E: rattus norvegicus albus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
We down-regulated the expression of M6P/IGF2R in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and examined the effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rats (aka rattus norvegicus) (aka rattus norvegicus)
B: black rat (aka rattus rattus)
C: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
D: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
E: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, alterations in the control of apoptosis have also been shown to contribute to human diseases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: genus
C: animals (aka metazoa)
D: kingdom
E: suborder
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cardiac myocytes express relatively high levels of M6P/IGF2R and transgenic mice containing a homologous deletion of the M6P/IGF2R gene manifest ventricular hyperplasia due to an increase in cell number [9,10], suggesting that the M6P/IGF2R normally acts to suppress cardiac myocyte cell growth.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
E: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Adenoviral delivery of ribozymes increases the proliferation of cardiac myocytes
We examined the effects of the ribozyme on the growth of cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rattus rattus (rattus wroughtoni) (aka rattus rattus)
B: rattus norvegicus albus
C: rattus rattoides (aka rattus pyctoris)
D: rats (aka rattus norvegicus) (aka rattus norvegicus)
E: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Supporting evidence for the involvement of IGF-II in the proliferative effect resulting from loss of M6P/IGF2R function comes from studies of M6P/IGF2R knock-out mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
E: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'M6P/IGF2R-null mice display global hyperplasia that coincides with elevated levels of IGF-II.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
E: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The nucleotide numbers of the rat M6P/IGF2R sequence targeted by the hammerhead ribozyme is 1147–1160 after coding site (exon 9).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: norway rat (aka rattus norvegicus)
B: rattus sp. (rats (aka rattus sp.))
C: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
D: rattus norvegicus albus
E: rattus rattoides (aka rattus rattus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The nucleotide numbers of the rat M6P/IGF2R sequence targeted by the hammerhead ribozyme is 1147–1160 after coding site (exon 9).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
B: house rat (aka rattus rattus)
C: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
D: rats (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
E: rattus norvegicus albus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cell cultures and infection with Ad-GFP/Rz-IGF2R and Ad-GFP
Cardiac myocytes were isolated from 1-day-old newborn rats using the Neonatal Cardiomyocyte Isolation System (Worthington).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rats'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rat (aka rattus) (aka rattus)
B: rattus pyctoris (rattus rattoides) (aka rattus pyctoris)
C: rattus rattus (rattus wroughtoni) (aka rattus rattus)
D: brown rat (aka rattus norvegicus)
E: rattus norvegicus albus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The isolated cells were plated in 6-well plates and cultured in F-10 medium containing 5% (vol/vol) FBS and 10% (vol/vol) horse serum at 37°C in a tissue culture incubator with 5% CO2 and 98% relative humidity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'horse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
B: equetus
C: equus caballus (equus przewalskii forma caballus) (aka equus caballus)
D: equus caballus ferus (aka equus ferus)
E: horses (aka equidae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The plasmid containing the rat M6P/IGF2R gene was linearized and used as a transcription template.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: black rat (aka rattus rattus)
B: rattus norvegicus albus
C: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
D: rattus (rats (aka rattus))
E: rattus norvegicus (rats (aka rattus norvegicus))
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antisense RNA probes were transcribed in vitro using [33P]-UTP, T7 polymerase (Riboprobea System T7 kit, Promega), hybridized with the total RNA extracted from the rat cardiomyocytes, and digested with ribonuclease to remove non-hybridized RNA and probe.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rattus norvegicus albus
B: rats (aka rattus sp.) (aka rattus sp.)
C: rats (aka rattus norvegicus) (aka rattus norvegicus)
D: rattus (rats (aka rattus))
E: mus rattus (aka rattus rattus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Briefly, cells were permeabilized with 0.25% saponin in 50 mM Hepes (pH 7.0), 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.5% human serum albumin, and 10 mM mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) for 30 minutes on ice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
C: probles
D: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
E: avian (aka aves)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They were incubated with 20,000 units/ml β-glucuronidase from bovine liver (Sigma) in 50 mM Hepes (pH 7.5) containing 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.5% human serum albumin, 0.5% saponin with or without 10 mM M6P overnight on ice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos sp.
B: boveria
C: bos bovis (aka bos taurus)
D: cattle (aka bos)
E: bovidae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They were incubated with 20,000 units/ml β-glucuronidase from bovine liver (Sigma) in 50 mM Hepes (pH 7.5) containing 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.5% human serum albumin, 0.5% saponin with or without 10 mM M6P overnight on ice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suborder
B: probles
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: mammals (aka mammalia)
E: species
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Briefly, confluent cell cultures were washed twice with pre-warmed serum-free DMEM followed by incubation with DMEM containing 5 mg/ml human serum albumin and 10 mM M6P for 20 minutes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: animals (aka metazoa)
C: mammals (aka mammalia)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: suborder
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cells were then incubated in DMEM containing 5 mg/ml human serum albumin alone or 4000 units β-glucuronidase with or without 10 mM M6P for 2 hours at 37°C.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: species
D: mammals (aka mammalia)
E: this
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, Britto and Elliot reported that the loss of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis in their two patients did not show functional compromise of strength and grip strength', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, Britto and Elliot reported that the loss of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis in their two patients did not show functional compromise of strength and grip strength', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cancer
B: theraps
C: kingdom
D: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genomic-Bioinformatic Analysis of Transcripts Enriched in the Third-Stage Larva of the Parasitic Nematode Ascaris suum
Abstract
Differential transcription in Ascaris suum was investigated using a genomic-bioinformatic approach.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ascaris suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ascaris simplex (aka anisakis simplex)
B: ascaris
C: ascaris cati (aka toxocara cati)
D: ascaris equorum (aka parascaris equorum)
E: pig roundworm (aka ascaris suum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genomic-Bioinformatic Analysis of Transcripts Enriched in the Third-Stage Larva of the Parasitic Nematode Ascaris suum
Abstract
Differential transcription in Ascaris suum was investigated using a genomic-bioinformatic approach.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ascaris suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ascaris vermicularis (aka enterobius vermicularis)
B: ascaris leonina (aka toxascaris leonina)
C: ascaris muris (aka mastophorus muris)
D: ascaris suum (pig roundworm) (aka ascaris suum)
E: ascaris dispar (aka heterakis dispar)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A cDNA archive enriched for molecules in the infective third-stage larva (L3) of A. suum was constructed by suppressive-subtractive hybridization (SSH), and a subset of cDNAs from 3075 clones subjected to microarray analysis using cDNA probes derived from RNA from different developmental stages of A. suum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracoccus suum
B: maratus suae
C: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
D: suiformes (aka suina)
E: pigs (aka suidae) (aka suidae)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A cDNA archive enriched for molecules in the infective third-stage larva (L3) of A. suum was constructed by suppressive-subtractive hybridization (SSH), and a subset of cDNAs from 3075 clones subjected to microarray analysis using cDNA probes derived from RNA from different developmental stages of A. suum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda fruticosa mult. auct. (aka suaeda vera)
B: maratus suae
C: suillia
D: paracoccus suum
E: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of the 91 clusters assembled, 56 molecules (61.5%) had homologues/orthologues in the free-living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae and/or other organisms, whereas 35 (38.5%) had no significant similarity to any sequences available in current gene databases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabditis elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactris elegans
B: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
C: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
D: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: theocolax elegans
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of the 91 clusters assembled, 56 molecules (61.5%) had homologues/orthologues in the free-living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae and/or other organisms, whereas 35 (38.5%) had no significant similarity to any sequences available in current gene databases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. briggsae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: [candida] gorgasii (candida gorgasii) (aka [candida] gorgasii)
B: cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii cng9
C: caenorhabditis briggsae (rhabditis briggsae) (aka caenorhabditis briggsae)
D: pseudochaetosphaeronema briggsiae
E: carinogammarinae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcripts encoding protein kinases, protein phosphatases (and their precursors), and enolases were abundantly represented in the L3 of A. suum, as were molecules involved in cellular processes, such as ubiquitination and proteasome function, gene transcription, protein–protein interactions, and function.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sueus
B: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
C: suillia
D: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
E: actinobacillus suis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In silico analyses inferred the C. elegans orthologues/homologues (n = 50) to be involved in apoptosis and insulin signaling (2%), ATP synthesis (2%), carbon metabolism (6%), fatty acid biosynthesis (2%), gap junction (2%), glucose metabolism (6%), or porphyrin metabolism (2%), although 34 (68%) of them could not be mapped to a specific metabolic pathway.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
B: uronema elegans
C: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
D: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
E: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functionally, 17 (34%) of them were predicted to be associated with (non-wild-type) RNAi phenotypes in C. elegans, the majority being embryonic lethality (Emb) (13 types; 58.8%), larval arrest (Lva) (23.5%) and larval lethality (Lvl) (47%).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
B: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: caenorhabditis
D: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
E: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A genetic interaction network was predicted for these 17 C. elegans orthologues, revealing highly significant interactions for nine molecules associated with embryonic and larval development (66.9%), information storage and processing (5.1%), cellular processing and signaling (15.2%), metabolism (6.1%), and unknown function (6.7%).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila elegans
B: caenorhabditis sp.
C: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
D: enyo elegans (aka zodarion elegans)
E: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A genetic interaction network was predicted for these 17 C. elegans orthologues, revealing highly significant interactions for nine molecules associated with embryonic and larval development (66.9%), information storage and processing (5.1%), cellular processing and signaling (15.2%), metabolism (6.1%), and unknown function (6.7%).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theocolax elegans
B: cyclostrongylus elegans
C: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
D: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
E: uronema elegans
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The potential roles of these molecules in development are discussed in relation to the known roles of their homologues/orthologues in C. elegans and some other nematodes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
B: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
C: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: bactris elegans
E: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results of the present study provide a basis for future functional genomic studies to elucidate molecular aspects governing larval developmental processes in A. suum and/or the transition to parasitism.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: actinobacillus suis
B: maratus suae
C: paracoccus suum
D: suillus
E: suillia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, hundreds of millions of people are infected with geohelminths (soil-transmitted worms), such as blood-feeding hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and/or Necator americanus, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'people'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: avian (aka aves)
C: psyche
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: species group
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, hundreds of millions of people are infected with geohelminths (soil-transmitted worms), such as blood-feeding hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and/or Necator americanus, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ancylostoma duodenale'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ancylostoma braziliense
B: ancylocaris
C: ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm) (aka ancylostoma caninum)
D: agchylostoma duodenale (aka ancylostoma duodenale)
E: ancylis sp. a
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, hundreds of millions of people are infected with geohelminths (soil-transmitted worms), such as blood-feeding hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and/or Necator americanus, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'necator americanus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uromyces americanus
B: neomysis americana (mysis americana) (aka neomysis americana)
C: echinothrips americanus
D: new world hookworm (aka necator americanus)
E: pseudopleuronectes americanus (pleuronectes americanus) (aka pseudopleuronectes americanus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, hundreds of millions of people are infected with geohelminths (soil-transmitted worms), such as blood-feeding hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and/or Necator americanus, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trichuris trichiura'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichuris
B: trichocephalus
C: ascaris trichiura (aka trichuris trichiura)
D: trichocerca
E: trichuris sp. (trichuris sp) (aka trichuris sp.)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1], causing serious adverse effects on human health, particularly in children.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
C: genus
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[1], causing serious adverse effects on human health, particularly in children.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'children'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
C: menetus
D: neonetus
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Similarly, parasitic nematodes of livestock, such as pigs, also cause substantial economic losses due to subclinical and clinical diseases, with billions of dollars spent annually on the treatment and control of gastro-intestinal nematodes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
B: swine (aka sus scrofa)
C: guinea-pigs (aka cavia)
D: guinea pig (aka cavia porcellus)
E: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Compared with the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, there is very little information on fundamental molecular aspects of development in parasitic nematodes [6]–[8].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabditis elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
B: enyo elegans (aka zodarion elegans)
C: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: drosophila elegans
E: caenorhabditis sp.
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Compared with the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, there is very little information on fundamental molecular aspects of development in parasitic nematodes [6]–[8].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'caenorhabditis elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
B: cyclostrongylus elegans
C: caenorhabditis sp.
D: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
E: caenorhabditis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the genome sequence of C. elegans was published in 1998 [9], many aspects of the molecular biology of this nematode have been elucidated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
B: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: bactris elegans
D: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
E: caenorhabditis sp.
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For instance, microarray analyses have been used to examine developmental and gender-enriched gene expression [10],[11], and the functions of more than 96% of the C. elegans genes have been assessed by double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi, or gene silencing;', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
B: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
C: uronema elegans
D: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
E: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparative analyses of genetic data sets have shown that parasitic nematodes usually share ∼50–70% of genes with C. elegans (e.g., [19],[20]).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
B: enyo elegans (aka zodarion elegans)
C: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
D: caenorhabditis sp.
E: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There is similarity in other features (such as basic body plan and moulting) between C. elegans and parasitic nematodes, suggesting that some molecular pathways are relatively conserved [8],[21].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila elegans
B: cyclostrongylus elegans
C: zodarion elegans (enyo elegans) (aka zodarion elegans)
D: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: theocolax elegans
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Despite the advances in genomic technologies [7], [22]–[29] and the study of C. elegans, there is a paucity of information on the genomics of parasitic nematodes of animals, particularly in relation to development.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
B: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
D: caenorhabditis sp.
E: drosophila elegans
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Also considering the major socioeconomic impact of Ascaris and ascariasis in humans and pigs [30]–[32], several characteristics, including the large size of the adult worm (providing the opportunity of investigating individual organ systems and tissues), the ability to maintain Ascaris in the pig, store eggs and culture larvae in vitro for relatively long periods of time (months to years)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: birds (aka aves)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: primate (aka primates)
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Also considering the major socioeconomic impact of Ascaris and ascariasis in humans and pigs [30]–[32], several characteristics, including the large size of the adult worm (providing the opportunity of investigating individual organ systems and tissues), the ability to maintain Ascaris in the pig, store eggs and culture larvae in vitro for relatively long periods of time (months to years)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
B: domestic guinea pig (aka cavia porcellus)
C: swine (aka sus scrofa)
D: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
E: sus scrofa domesticus (sus scrofa domestica) (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Also considering the major socioeconomic impact of Ascaris and ascariasis in humans and pigs [30]–[32], several characteristics, including the large size of the adult worm (providing the opportunity of investigating individual organ systems and tissues), the ability to maintain Ascaris in the pig, store eggs and culture larvae in vitro for relatively long periods of time (months to years)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pig'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
B: sus scrofa domesticus (sus scrofa domestica) (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
C: swine (aka sus scrofa)
D: gallus
E: pigs (aka suidae) (aka suidae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, Ascaris from pigs was used to study molecules abundantly transcribed in the infective third-stage larva (L3).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pig (aka sus scrofa) (aka sus scrofa)
B: sus scrofa domestica (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
C: guinea-pigs (aka cavia)
D: guinea pig (aka cavia porcellus)
E: boars (aka suidae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Following the oral ingestion of Ascaris eggs by the host (human or pig), L3s are released and then invade/penetrate predominantly the caecal wall', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: birds (aka aves)
B: primate (aka primates)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: animals (aka metazoa)
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Following the oral ingestion of Ascaris eggs by the host (human or pig), L3s are released and then invade/penetrate predominantly the caecal wall', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: macrobiotus sapiens
C: animals (aka metazoa)
D: probles
E: this
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Following the oral ingestion of Ascaris eggs by the host (human or pig), L3s are released and then invade/penetrate predominantly the caecal wall', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pig'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sus scrofa (pigs (aka sus scrofa))
B: pigs (aka suidae) (aka suidae)
C: domestic guinea pig (aka cavia porcellus)
D: gallus
E: bovidae
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we constructed an L3-enriched cDNA library using the method of suppressive-subtractive hybridization (SSH), explored transcription of a representative subset of molecules by microarray analysis and conducted bioinformatic analyses to characterize these molecules, map them to biochemical pathways and predict genetic interactions based on comparisons with C. elegans and/or other organisms.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: uronema elegans
C: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
D: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
E: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Materials and Methods
Production of Different Developmental Stages of Ascaris
Experimental pigs (8–12 weeks of age) were purchased from and maintained in the Experimental Animal Center of South China Agricultural University.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: swine (aka sus scrofa)
B: guinea-pigs (aka cavia)
C: gallus
D: boars (aka suidae)
E: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These pigs were treated humanely, according to the Animal Ethics procedures and guidelines of the People's Republic of China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus porcellus (aka cavia porcellus)
B: sus domesticus (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
C: gallus
D: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
E: swine (aka sus scrofa)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Adult worms (males and females) of A. suum were collected from the small intestines of pigs from an abattoir in Shenzhen, China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus
B: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
C: suaeda vera (suaeda fruticosa mult. auct.) (aka suaeda vera)
D: paracoccus suum
E: sueus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Adult worms (males and females) of A. suum were collected from the small intestines of pigs from an abattoir in Shenzhen, China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: guinea-pigs (aka cavia)
B: sus scrofa domestica (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
C: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
D: swine (aka sus scrofa)
E: gallus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Infective eggs and infective L3s of A. suum were produced according to the methods described previously [38].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
B: sueus
C: suillus suilloides (gastroboletus suilloides) (aka suillus suilloides)
D: suillia
E: suillus indicus (suillus indica) (aka suillus indicus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, eggs from the uteri of adult females of A. suum were collected and incubated at 28°C for 28 days to allow them to develop to infective eggs (containing infective L3s).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracoccus suum
B: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
C: maratus suae
D: suaeda fruticosa mult. auct. (aka suaeda vera)
E: suillus indicus (suillus indica) (aka suillus indicus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Following the experimental infection of helminth-free pigs with infective Ascaris eggs as described previously [39], the L3s from livers and in lungs as well as L4s in intestines were isolated according to an established method [40].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: boars (aka suidae)
B: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
C: guinea-pigs (aka cavia)
D: sus scrofa domesticus (sus scrofa domestica) (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
E: wild boar (aka sus scrofa)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Construction of the cDNA Library by Subtractive-Suppressive Hybridization (SSH)
Total RNA was isolated from adult females and males, different larval stages or eggs of A. suum using TriPure reagent (Roche) as recommended by the manufacturer.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda vera (suaeda fruticosa mult. auct.) (aka suaeda vera)
B: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
C: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
D: actinobacillus suis
E: suillus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Construction of the cDNA Library by Subtractive-Suppressive Hybridization (SSH)
Total RNA was isolated from adult females and males, different larval stages or eggs of A. suum using TriPure reagent (Roche) as recommended by the manufacturer.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda vera (suaeda fruticosa mult. auct.) (aka suaeda vera)
B: suarius
C: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
D: aerococcus suis
E: suillia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The cDNA obtained following SSH was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy plasmid vector (Promega) and competent Escherichia coli (JM109) transformed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
B: escherichia
C: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia sp.
E: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Sixteen blanks (using spotting solution only) and the same number of negative (irrelevant cDNAs with no relationship to Ascaris) were also printed on to slides and served as negative controls; β-actin of A. suum served as a positive control to assess the efficiency of labeling and hybridization.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suarius
B: pigs (aka suidae) (aka suidae)
C: suaeda fruticosa mult. auct. (aka suaeda vera)
D: sueus
E: maratus suae
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Labeling of cDNA Probes with Fluorescent Dyes, and Microarray Analysis
The cDNAs produced from total RNA from A. suum eggs, infective L3s, L3s isolated from pig liver or lung, fourth-stage larvae (L4s), adult males or females [as described in the section ‘Construction of the cDNA Library by Subtractive-Suppressive Hybridization (SSH)’] were labeled with cyanine dyes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus
B: actinobacillus suis
C: maratus suae
D: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
E: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Labeling of cDNA Probes with Fluorescent Dyes, and Microarray Analysis
The cDNAs produced from total RNA from A. suum eggs, infective L3s, L3s isolated from pig liver or lung, fourth-stage larvae (L4s), adult males or females [as described in the section ‘Construction of the cDNA Library by Subtractive-Suppressive Hybridization (SSH)’] were labeled with cyanine dyes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pig'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: swine (aka sus scrofa)
B: mus porcellus (aka cavia porcellus)
C: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
D: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
E: bovidae
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Microarray slides were incubated with a pre-hybridization solution [5×SSC, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.1% sodium dodecyl-sulphate (SDS)] for 6 h at 42°C.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
B: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
C: bos sp.
D: bos bovis (aka bos taurus)
E: bovinae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from total RNA (separately) from each stage or sex of A. suum using reverse transcriptase (Superscript III, Invitrogen).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracoccus suum
B: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
C: suarius
D: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
E: suiformes (aka suina)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The PCR amplification of a portion (209 bp) of the β-actin gene (accession no. BI594141) using forward primer (5′-CTCGAAACAAGAATACGATG-3′) and reverse primer (5′- ACATGTGCCGTTGTATGATG-3′), previously determined to be present in all developmental stages and both sexes of A. suum', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
B: suarius
C: suaeda fruticosa mult. auct. (aka suaeda vera)
D: aerococcus suis
E: suillus indicus (suillus indica) (aka suillus indicus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Following the processing of the sequences (i.e., removal of vector sequences, quality assurance and clustering), contigs or singletons from individual clusters were subjected to BLASTx (NCBI: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and BLASTn (EMBL-EBI Parasite Genome Blast Server: www.ebi.ac.uk) analysis to identify putative homologues in C. elegans, other nematodes and other organisms (e-value of ≤1e-05).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: drosophila elegans
C: caenorhabditis
D: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
E: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'WormBase (www.wormbase.org) was interrogated extensively for relevant information on C. elegans homologues/orthologues, including RNAi phenotypic, transcriptomic, proteomic and interactomic data.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactris elegans
B: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
C: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
D: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
E: theocolax elegans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'ESTs with homologues/orthologues in C. elegans and other nematodes were also subjected to analysis employing the KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System (KOBAS) (www.kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn), which predicts the biochemical pathways in which molecules are involved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
B: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
C: uronema elegans
D: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caenorhabditis sp.
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'ESTs with homologues/orthologues in C. elegans and other nematodes were also subjected to analysis employing the KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System (KOBAS) (www.kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn), which predicts the biochemical pathways in which molecules are involved.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
B: theocolax elegans
C: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
D: caenorhabditis sp.
E: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The open reading frames (ORFs) inferred from selected ESTs with orthologues in C. elegans were also subjected to “secretome analysis” using the program SignalP v.2.0 www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/), employing both the neural network and hidden Markov models to predict signal peptides and/or anchors [46]–[48].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
B: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
C: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
D: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: cyclostrongylus elegans
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The method established by Zhong and Sternberg [53] was used to predict the interactions for C. elegans orthologues of the L3-enriched molecules from Ascaris.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
B: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
C: bactris elegans
D: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fruitfly'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
B: bactrocera melanogaster (bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster) (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
C: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
D: drosophila <flies,subgenus> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
E: bactrocera (aka bactrocera <genus>)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
C: saccharomyceta
D: saccharomyces sp.
E: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
B: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
E: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: kingdom
D: genus
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, interaction, phenotypic, expression and gene ontology data from fruitfly, yeast, mouse and human were integrated using a naïve Bayesian model to predict genetic interactions among C. elegans genes ([45],[53]; Zhong and Sternberg, unpublished).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactris elegans
B: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: zodarion elegans (enyo elegans) (aka zodarion elegans)
D: cyclostrongylus elegans
E: caenorhabditis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
To identify molecules transcribed abundantly in the L3 of A. suum, an enriched cDNA library was constructed by SSH.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracoccus suum
B: suillia
C: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
D: eubacterium suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
E: aerococcus suis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of the 2671 (duplicate) spots, 1526 had a significant difference in hybridization between infective L3 cDNA and cDNAs from all other stages or sexes of A. suum, of which 515 had a >2.0-fold increased hybridization for the L3.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus indica (aka suillus indicus)
B: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
C: aerococcus suis
D: paracoccus suum
E: sueus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of 56 molecules (61.5%) with significant similarity to sequences other than A. suum in the databases interrogated, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans or C. briggsae homologues, and six had similarity to ESTs already sequenced from ascaridoid and/or other parasitic nematodes, and/or other organisms (Table 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
B: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
C: eubacterium suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
D: sueus
E: suillus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of 56 molecules (61.5%) with significant similarity to sequences other than A. suum in the databases interrogated, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans or C. briggsae homologues, and six had similarity to ESTs already sequenced from ascaridoid and/or other parasitic nematodes, and/or other organisms (Table 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus indicus (suillus indica) (aka suillus indicus)
B: suarius
C: sueus
D: suaeda salsa (suaeda maritima subsp. salsa) (aka suaeda salsa)
E: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of 56 molecules (61.5%) with significant similarity to sequences other than A. suum in the databases interrogated, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans or C. briggsae homologues, and six had similarity to ESTs already sequenced from ascaridoid and/or other parasitic nematodes, and/or other organisms (Table 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
B: drosophila elegans
C: theocolax elegans
D: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
E: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Of 56 molecules (61.5%) with significant similarity to sequences other than A. suum in the databases interrogated, 50 (54.9%) had C. elegans or C. briggsae homologues, and six had similarity to ESTs already sequenced from ascaridoid and/or other parasitic nematodes, and/or other organisms (Table 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. briggsae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii
B: [candida] gorgasii (candida gorgasii) (aka [candida] gorgasii)
C: cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii cng9
D: rhabditis briggsae (aka caenorhabditis briggsae)
E: tomicodon briggsi
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparative analysis specifically against A. suum EST data sets (n∼42,000) available in public databases confirmed independently that the majority of molecules (>60%) were present exclusively in the infective L3 stage or were orphans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suillus
B: actinomyces suis (aka actinobaculum suis)
C: suillia
D: suina (suiformes) (aka suina)
E: maratus suae
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[54], this approach was employed to predict the classification and gene function of molecules enriched in infective L3 of A. suum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. suum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suaeda vera (suaeda fruticosa mult. auct.) (aka suaeda vera)
B: aerococcus suis
C: suillus indica (aka suillus indicus)
D: suarius
E: suillia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A focused KOBAS analysis inferred the 50 C. elegans orthologues/homologues to be involved in apoptosis and insulin signaling (2%), ATP synthesis (2%), carbon metabolism (6%), fatty acid biosynthesis (2%), gap junction (2%), glucose metabolism (6%) or porphyrin metabolism (2%), although 34 (68%) of them could not be mapped to a specific metabolic pathway (Table 2).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
B: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
C: zodarion elegans (enyo elegans) (aka zodarion elegans)
D: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caenorhabditis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functionally, 17 (34%) of the 50 molecules were associated with (non-wild-type) RNAi phenotypes in C. elegans, the majority displaying embryonic lethality (Emb) (13 types; 58.8%), larval arrest (Lva) (23.5%) and larval lethality (Lvl) (47%) (Table 2).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
B: drosophila elegans
C: theocolax elegans
D: caenorhabditis sp.
E: bactris elegans
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Extending this analysis, a relatively complex genetic interaction network was predicted for the 17 C. elegans orthologues (i.e., with non-wild-type RNAi phenotypes) (see Table S2).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theocolax elegans
B: elegans subgroup (in: mosquitos)
C: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
D: caenorhabditis sp.
E: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Statistically highly significant interactions were predicted for nine of the C. elegans genes; the top five interactors are displayed in Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
B: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
C: cyclostrongylus elegans
D: uca elegans (aka tubuca elegans)
E: caenorhabditis sp.
F: None of the above. | B |
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