instruction stringlengths 161 2.29k | input stringlengths 80 650 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Symptom chronicity may force the alexithymic person to attent to and amplify this somatic sensation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'person'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: psyche
C: humans (aka homo)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Symptom chronicity may force the alexithymic person to attent to and amplify this somatic sensation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'person'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: suborder
B: psyche
C: other (aka unidentified)
D: genus
E: family
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, alexithymic patients might be expected to differ from nonalexithymic ones in their anxiety levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: circe
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: cancer
E: genus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yet, in our pain group alexithymic patients showed no significant difference from the nonalexithymics on trait anxiety.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: subsection
C: probles
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: species
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The reasons may be lying in the specific characteristics of this patient group itself.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: theraps
D: species
E: isolate
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study included patients suffering from chronic symptoms; with an average of 7,44 ± 6,82 years of pain in the alexithymic and 3,31 ± 2,79 years in the nonalexithymic groups.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: subsection
C: other (aka unidentified)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: species
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is not known whether it should be addressed in the treatment of pain patients, but a high level of alexithymia may effect the nature of assessment.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: humans (aka homo)
C: suborder
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: goes
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'SuperCAT: a supertree database for combined and integrative multilocus sequence typing analysis of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria (including B. cereus, B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis)
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus subtilis group sp.
B: chromobacterium group
C: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
D: bacillus cereus str. f (aka bacillus cereus f)
E: bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'SuperCAT: a supertree database for combined and integrative multilocus sequence typing analysis of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria (including B. cereus, B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis)
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus str. w (aka bacillus cereus w)
B: bacillus cereus var. anthracis (aka bacillus anthracis)
C: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
D: bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus cereus)
E: bacillus cereus strain atcc 10987 (aka bacillus cereus atcc 10987)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'SuperCAT: a supertree database for combined and integrative multilocus sequence typing analysis of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria (including B. cereus, B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis)
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. anthracis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus anthracis (strain sterne) (aka bacillus anthracis str. sterne)
B: anthrax
C: bacillus anthracis str. ames ancestor (aka bacillus anthracis str. 'ames ancestor')
D: bacillus anthracis ames (aka bacillus anthracis str. ames)
E: anthrax bacterium (aka bacillus anthracis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'SuperCAT: a supertree database for combined and integrative multilocus sequence typing analysis of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria (including B. cereus, B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis)
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. thuringiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus
B: bacillus wiedmannii biovar thuringiensis (aka bacillus wiedmannii bv. thuringiensis)
C: bacillus cereus var. thuringiensis (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
D: bacillus toyonensis biovar thuringiensis
E: bacillus thuringiensis gv. thuringiensis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is an important group including mammalian and insect pathogens, such as B. anthracis, the anthrax bacterium, B. thuringiensis, used as a biological pesticide and B. cereus, often involved in food poisoning incidents.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus/lactobacillus/streptococcus group (aka bacilli)
B: unclassified bacillus cereus group
C: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
D: chromobacterium group
E: bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is an important group including mammalian and insect pathogens, such as B. anthracis, the anthrax bacterium, B. thuringiensis, used as a biological pesticide and B. cereus, often involved in food poisoning incidents.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus/lactobacillus/streptococcus group (aka bacilli)
B: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
C: bacillus subtilis group
D: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
E: bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus cereus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is an important group including mammalian and insect pathogens, such as B. anthracis, the anthrax bacterium, B. thuringiensis, used as a biological pesticide and B. cereus, often involved in food poisoning incidents.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. anthracis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anthracus
B: bacillus anthracis (strain ames) (aka bacillus anthracis str. ames)
C: bacillus anthracis sterne (aka bacillus anthracis str. sterne)
D: bacillus anthracis (bacillus cereus var. anthracis) (aka bacillus anthracis)
E: bacillus cereus biovar anthracis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is an important group including mammalian and insect pathogens, such as B. anthracis, the anthrax bacterium, B. thuringiensis, used as a biological pesticide and B. cereus, often involved in food poisoning incidents.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anthrax'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anthrax bacterium (aka bacillus anthracis)
B: anthrax irroratus
C: anthriscus
D: anthreptes
E: anthrax subgroup
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is an important group including mammalian and insect pathogens, such as B. anthracis, the anthrax bacterium, B. thuringiensis, used as a biological pesticide and B. cereus, often involved in food poisoning incidents.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. thuringiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus
B: bacillus wiedmannii biovar thuringiensis (aka bacillus wiedmannii bv. thuringiensis)
C: bacillus thuringiensis serovar nigeriensis (bacillus thuringiensis subsp. nigeriensis) (aka bacillus thuringiensis serovar nigeriensis)
D: bacillus thuringiensis serovar thailandensis
E: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is an important group including mammalian and insect pathogens, such as B. anthracis, the anthrax bacterium, B. thuringiensis, used as a biological pesticide and B. cereus, often involved in food poisoning incidents.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus str. w (aka bacillus cereus w)
B: bacillus cereus (strain atcc 14579 / dsm 31) (aka bacillus cereus atcc 14579)
C: cereus <eudicots> (cereus) (aka cereus <eudicots>)
D: bacillus endorhythmos (aka bacillus cereus)
E: bacillus cereus str. f (aka bacillus cereus f)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, we have developed a database that compiles and integrates MLST data from all five schemes for the B. cereus group, accessible at http://mlstoslo.uio.no/. Supertree techniques were used to combine the phylogenetic information from analysis of all schemes and datasets, in order to produce an integrated view of the B. cereus group population.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group
B: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
C: bacillus cereus (bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus cereus)
D: cereus <sea anemones> (cereus) (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
E: bacillus <firmicutes> (bacillus rrna group 1) (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, we have developed a database that compiles and integrates MLST data from all five schemes for the B. cereus group, accessible at http://mlstoslo.uio.no/. Supertree techniques were used to combine the phylogenetic information from analysis of all schemes and datasets, in order to produce an integrated view of the B. cereus group population.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
B: cereus <sea anemones> (cereus) (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
C: bacillus cereus group sp.
D: bacillus cereus group
E: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neisseria meningitidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gonococcus neisseri (aka neisseria gonorrhoeae)
B: neisseria meningitidis (micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis) (aka neisseria meningitidis)
C: neisseriaceae bacterium
D: neisseria meningitidis str. nmb (aka neisseria meningitidis nmb)
E: neisseria meningitidis (serogroup a) (aka neisseria meningitidis serogroup a)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus pneumoniae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: diplococcus pneumoniae (aka streptococcus pneumoniae)
B: bacillus pneumoniae (aka klebsiella pneumoniae)
C: streptococcus pseudopneumoniae
D: streptococcus infantis
E: pneumovirus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus pyogenes'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus pneumoniae (aka streptococcus pneumoniae)
B: streptococcus erysipelatos (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
C: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
D: streptococcus infantis
E: streptococcus oralis (streptococcus oralis bridge and sneath 1982) (aka streptococcus oralis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'haemophilus influenzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: haemophilus bovis (aka moraxella bovis)
B: histophilus somni (haemophilus somnifer) (aka histophilus somni)
C: haemophilus influenzae (haemophilus meningitidis) (aka haemophilus influenzae)
D: haemophilus haemolyticus (bacillus x) (aka haemophilus haemolyticus)
E: haemophilus haemoglobinophilus (aka canicola haemoglobinophilus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'haemophilus influenzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: haemophilus bovis (aka moraxella bovis)
B: histophilus somni (haemophilus somnifer) (aka histophilus somni)
C: haemophilus taxon c (haemophilus sp. (strain taxon c)) (aka haemophilus taxon c)
D: haemophilus haemolyticus (bacillus x) (aka haemophilus haemolyticus)
E: haemophilus sp.
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'staphylococcus aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus col (aka staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus col)
B: staphylococcus faecalis ('staphylococcus faecalis') (aka staphylococcus faecalis)
C: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
D: staphylococcus aureus str. pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
E: staphylococcus epidermidis (staphylococcus epidermidis albus) (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'campylobacter jejuni'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni (aka campylobacter jejuni)
B: campylobacter jejuni x
C: campylobacter-like bacterium
D: campylobacter hominis (candidatus campylobacter hominis) (aka campylobacter hominis)
E: campylobacter jejuni jejuni (aka campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'enterococcus faecium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus faecalis (aka enterococcus faecalis)
B: enterococcus faecium (streptococcus faecium) (aka enterococcus faecium)
C: enterococcus faecium ef_aus0095
D: enterococcus
E: enterococcus florum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'burkholderia pseudomallei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: burkholderia pseudomallei (loefflerella pseudomallei) (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
B: burkholderia pseudomallei cb (burkholderia pseudomallei strain cb) (aka burkholderia pseudomallei cb)
C: burkholderia pseudomallei 5(1949)
D: burkholderia pseudomallei the (burkholderia pseudomallei strain the) (aka burkholderia pseudomallei the)
E: burkholderia pseudomallei cms (burkholderia pseudomallei strain cms) (aka burkholderia pseudomallei cms)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia
B: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
D: escherichia sp.
E: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'salmonella enterica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: salmonella sp.
B: salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (aka salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis)
C: salmonella choleraesuis (aka salmonella enterica)
D: salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortus (salmonella abortus) (aka salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortus)
E: salmonella
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the initial development of this technique for Neisseria meningitidis in 1998, MLST schemes have been developed for about 30 species including some of the most important bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and the Bacillus cereus group (see (1) for a recent review).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group
B: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
C: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
D: bacillus cereus str. f (aka bacillus cereus f)
E: bacillus subtilis group sp.
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
B: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
C: bacillus cereus group
D: bacillus cereus group sp.
E: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. anthracis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus biovar anthracis ci (aka bacillus cereus biovar anthracis str. ci)
B: anthracus
C: bacillus cereus var. anthracis (aka bacillus anthracis)
D: bacillus anthracis ames (aka bacillus anthracis str. ames)
E: bacillus anthracis (strain sterne) (aka bacillus anthracis str. sterne)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anthrax'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus var. anthracis (aka bacillus anthracis)
B: bacillus cereus biovar anthracis
C: unclassified anthrax
D: anthribus
E: platypeza anthrax
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anthrax'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus biovar anthracis
B: pseudolithoxus anthrax (lasiancistrus anthrax) (aka pseudolithoxus anthrax)
C: unclassified anthrax
D: anthrenus
E: anthreptes
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus endorhythmos (aka bacillus cereus)
B: bacillus cereus f (bacillus cereus strain f) (aka bacillus cereus f)
C: bacillus cereus str. w (aka bacillus cereus w)
D: bacillus cereus (strain atcc 14579 / dsm 31) (aka bacillus cereus atcc 14579)
E: bacillus cereus var. anthracis (aka bacillus anthracis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: primate (aka primates)
C: kingdom
D: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
E: species
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. thuringiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus toyonensis biovar thuringiensis
B: bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus
C: bacillus thuringiensis gv. thuringiensis
D: bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
E: bacillus thuringiensis serovar thailandensis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The B. cereus group includes bacterial species that are of medical and/or economic importance, such as B. anthracis, an obligate mammalian pathogen causing the lethal disease anthrax, B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen involved in food-poisoning incidents and contaminations in hospitals, B. thuringiensis, an insect pathogen and one of the world's most widely used biopesticide and B. weihenstephanensis, a cold-tolerant species known for contaminating dairies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. weihenstephanensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: alsophila weidenbrueckiae (alsophila weidenbrueckii) (aka alsophila weidenbrueckiae)
B: listeria weihenstephanensis (paenilisteria weihenstephanensis) (aka listeria weihenstephanensis)
C: pseudomonas weihenstephanensis
D: bacillus weihaiensis
E: bacillus weihenstephanensis (aka bacillus mycoides)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Unlike other bacterial species that are typed using a single MLST scheme, five separate schemes have been developed for the B. cereus group, based on different sets of genes and isolates (5–10).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
B: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
C: bacillus cereus group
D: bacillus <firmicutes> (bacillus rrna group 1) (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
E: bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus cereus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies with the various schemes have independently indicated that the B. cereus group population is divided into three main phylogenetic clusters and that species are usually intermixed within the groups.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group
B: bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus cereus)
C: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
D: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
E: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One cluster contains the monomorphic B. anthracis isolates and a number of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains, many of which are from clinical sources.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. anthracis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus anthracis ames "ancestor" (aka bacillus anthracis str. 'ames ancestor')
B: 'mycobacterium anthracenicum' (aka mycobacterium anthracenicum)
C: bacillus anthracis bf1 (aka bacillus anthracis str. bf1)
D: anthracus
E: bacillus anthracis (bacillus cereus var. anthracis) (aka bacillus anthracis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One cluster contains the monomorphic B. anthracis isolates and a number of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains, many of which are from clinical sources.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus f (bacillus cereus strain f) (aka bacillus cereus f)
B: vibrio subtilis (aka bacillus subtilis)
C: cereus (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
D: bacillus cereus str. w (aka bacillus cereus w)
E: bacillus endorhythmos (aka bacillus cereus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One cluster contains the monomorphic B. anthracis isolates and a number of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains, many of which are from clinical sources.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. thuringiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (aka bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki)
B: bacillus thuringiensis gv. thuringiensis
C: bacillus thuringiensis serovar nigeriensis (bacillus thuringiensis subsp. nigeriensis) (aka bacillus thuringiensis serovar nigeriensis)
D: bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus
E: bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A second heterogeneous cluster includes B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates from various origins, while cold-tolerant B. weihenstephanensis and B. cereus isolates belong to the third group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus anthracis (bacillus cereus var. anthracis) (aka bacillus anthracis)
B: bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus cereus)
C: bacillus cereus var. thuringiensis (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
D: bacillus cereus f (bacillus cereus strain f) (aka bacillus cereus f)
E: bacillus cereus strain atcc 10987 (aka bacillus cereus atcc 10987)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A second heterogeneous cluster includes B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates from various origins, while cold-tolerant B. weihenstephanensis and B. cereus isolates belong to the third group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group sp.
B: cereus <sea anemones> (cereus) (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
C: bacillus cereus var. thuringiensis (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
D: bacillus cereus group
E: bacillus cereus (strain atcc 14579 / dsm 31) (aka bacillus cereus atcc 14579)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A second heterogeneous cluster includes B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates from various origins, while cold-tolerant B. weihenstephanensis and B. cereus isolates belong to the third group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. thuringiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
B: bacillus thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis) (aka bacillus thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis)
C: bacillus thuringiensis serovar brasiliensis (aka bacillus thuringiensis serovar brasilensis)
D: bacillus thuringiensis subsp. nigeriensis (aka bacillus thuringiensis serovar nigeriensis)
E: bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A second heterogeneous cluster includes B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates from various origins, while cold-tolerant B. weihenstephanensis and B. cereus isolates belong to the third group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. weihenstephanensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paenilisteria weihenstephanensis (aka listeria weihenstephanensis)
B: luteimonas weifangensis (aka cognatiluteimonas weifangensis)
C: baccharis weirii
D: steccherinum weishanense
E: bacillus weihenstephanensis (aka bacillus mycoides)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A second heterogeneous cluster includes B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates from various origins, while cold-tolerant B. weihenstephanensis and B. cereus isolates belong to the third group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group
B: bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus cereus)
C: bacillus cereus biovar anthracis
D: bacillus cereus var. thuringiensis (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
E: vibrio subtilis (aka bacillus subtilis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The separate MLST analyses have also revealed that the B. cereus group population is weakly clonal overall due to numerous clinical and virulent isolates emerging from different phylogenetic positions (5–8,11–14), with the exception of the ‘cold-tolerant’ cluster that seems to exhibit a panmictic (or sexual) population structure, i.e. with frequent genetic exchanges between strains (9).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cereus <sea anemones> (cereus) (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
B: bacillus cereus (bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus cereus)
C: chromobacterium group
D: bacillus cereus group
E: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, in order to provide the B. cereus group research community with a common MLST resource, we have developed on the same website a database, SuperCAT, that compiles and integrates MLST data from all the published B. cereus group schemes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
B: bacillus cereus group
C: bacillus cereus f (bacillus cereus strain f) (aka bacillus cereus f)
D: bacillus subtilis group sp.
E: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, in order to provide the B. cereus group research community with a common MLST resource, we have developed on the same website a database, SuperCAT, that compiles and integrates MLST data from all the published B. cereus group schemes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
B: bacillus cereus group
C: bacillus cereus (bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus cereus)
D: chromobacterium group
E: bacillus subtilis group
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, we applied supertree reconstruction methods to build an integrated view of the B. cereus group population and phylogeny.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
B: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
C: cereus <eudicots> (cereus) (aka cereus <eudicots>)
D: bacillus cereus group
E: cereus (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The SuperCAT database provides information, sequence and phylogenetic data for all bacterial isolates that have been typed using any of the five published MLST schemes for the B. cereus group (Table 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus subtilis group sp.
B: bacillus <firmicutes> (bacillus rrna group 1) (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
C: bacillus cereus group
D: bacillus subtilis group
E: bacillus cereus str. f (aka bacillus cereus f)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'SuperCAT also contains the phylogenetic supertree of the B. cereus group reconstructed by combining the sequence data from all five schemes, as well as supertrees built for individual schemes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
B: cereus (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
C: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
D: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
E: bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, sequences of all MLST loci were extracted from the complete genomes of the 21 sequenced B. cereus group strains available in Genbank.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus subtilis group sp.
B: bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980) (aka bacillus cereus)
C: cereus (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
D: bacillus cereus group
E: unclassified bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, sequences of all MLST loci were extracted from the complete genomes of the 21 sequenced B. cereus group strains available in Genbank.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
B: bacillus cereus group sp.
C: cereus <sea anemones> (cereus) (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
D: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
E: bacillus subtilis group sp.
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Table 1.The five MLST schemes designed for typing bacteria of the B. cereus groupSchemeGenesTotal sequence length (bp)Total number of isolateseUsed in (references)Helgasonadk, ccpA, ftsA, glpT, pyre, recF and sucC2 938120(6,12,46)Candelon–Sorokina,cclpC, dinB, gdpD, panC, purF and yhfL2 850149(9,10)Kob,cgyrB, mbl, mdh, mutS, pycA(1) and rpoB2 00265(7)Priesta,bglpF, gmk, ilvD, pta, purH, pycA(2) and tpi2 829721(8,11,13–15,46–48)Tourasse–Helgasona,b,dadk, ccpA, glpF, glpT, panC, pta and pycA(2)2 658172(5)aSpecific databases for the Priest and Tourasse–Helgason schemes are accessible at http://pubmlst.org/bcereus/ and http://mlstoslo.uio.no/, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: unclassified bacillus cereus group
B: bacillus cereus (bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus cereus)
C: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
D: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
E: bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A BLAST database for the Candelon–Sorokin scheme is available at http://spock.jouy.inra.fr/cgi-bin/bacilliMLSopen.cgi.bWhile the Tourasse–Helgason and Priest schemes use the same gene fragment for the pycA gene, the Ko scheme is based on a different and non-overlapping gene region.cThe B. cereus group-specific transcriptional regulator plcR was originally included in the Candelon–Sorokin and Ko schemes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chromobacterium group
B: bacillus cereus group
C: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
D: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
E: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, the 21 B. cereus group strains that have been completely sequenced, and for which the sequences at all 26 MLST loci are thus available, can be used to join all five schemes and provide the strain overlap necessary for supertree analysis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
B: cereus (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
C: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
D: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
E: bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The global B. cereus group supertree, containing 1029 isolates, was reconstructed according to the widely used matrix representation by parsimony (MRP) procedure (Figure 1; (19,25,26)).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group
B: chromobacterium group
C: bacillus subtilis group
D: cereus <sea anemones> (cereus) (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
E: bacillus <firmicutes> (bacillus rrna group 1) (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Figure 1.Schematic overview of the B. cereus group supertree reconstruction procedure using Matrix Representation by Parsimony (MRP).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group
B: bacillus cereus str. f (aka bacillus cereus f)
C: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
D: bacillus <firmicutes> (bacillus rrna group 1) (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
E: bacillus subtilis group sp.
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It should be noted that the global 1029-strain supertree retains the phylogenetic signals from the individual schemes and contains the three main clusters of the B. cereus group population described in the section ‘Introduction’.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus strain f (aka bacillus cereus f)
B: bacillus subtilis group sp.
C: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
D: bacillus cereus group
E: unclassified bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These 21 isolates cover all three clusters, although the majority of them are B. anthracis strains or clinical strains closely related to B. anthracis due to the focus of genome sequencing projects, making the part of the supertree containing these isolates likely to be more accurate than the rest of the tree.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. anthracis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anthracus
B: bacillus anthracis ames (aka bacillus anthracis str. ames)
C: anthrax (aka bacillus anthracis)
D: bacillus anthracis (strain sterne) (aka bacillus anthracis str. sterne)
E: bacillus cereus biovar anthracis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These 21 isolates cover all three clusters, although the majority of them are B. anthracis strains or clinical strains closely related to B. anthracis due to the focus of genome sequencing projects, making the part of the supertree containing these isolates likely to be more accurate than the rest of the tree.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. anthracis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus biovar anthracis
B: 'mycobacterium anthracenicum' (aka mycobacterium anthracenicum)
C: bacillus cereus var. anthracis (aka bacillus anthracis)
D: bacillus anthracis bf1 (aka bacillus anthracis str. bf1)
E: bacillus anthracis (strain sterne) (aka bacillus anthracis str. sterne)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Precise within-cluster groupings may contain more uncertainty, as indicated by the large number of unresolved multifurcations in the B. cereus group supertree.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus strain f (aka bacillus cereus f)
B: cereus <eudicots> (cereus) (aka cereus <eudicots>)
C: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
D: bacillus cereus group sp.
E: bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Apart from the basic functions for selecting and accessing strain information and sequence data for all five B. cereus group MLST schemes, the main features of SuperCAT relate to the manipulation of the supertrees constructed by the MRP approach.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cereus (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
B: bacillus mojavensis subgroup
C: chromobacterium group
D: bacillus cereus group
E: bacillus subtilis group sp.
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Apart from the basic functions for selecting and accessing strain information and sequence data for all five B. cereus group MLST schemes, the main features of SuperCAT relate to the manipulation of the supertrees constructed by the MRP approach.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus <firmicutes> (bacillus rrna group 1) (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
B: cereus <sea anemones> (cereus) (aka cereus <sea anemones>)
C: bacillus subtilis group
D: bacillus cereus group sp.
E: unclassified bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The global supertree based on the combination of all five B. cereus group MLST schemes as well as the five scheme-specific supertrees can be browsed according to various user-chosen criteria (Figure 2).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chromobacterium group
B: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
C: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
D: bacillus cereus group
E: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'DISCUSSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
SuperCAT is a newly created database devoted to the B. cereus group of bacteria whose main objectives are to provide a common MLST repository and means for building a comprehensive genetic analysis of the group that has been typed by five separate schemes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus group
B: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
C: chromobacterium group
D: bacillus subtilis group
E: bacillus cereus group sp.
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In particular, a new improved method has recently been developed for taking into account both nucleotide substitutions and recombination events in phylogenies, as part of the ClonalFrame software, which has been applied to the B. cereus group and the Priest scheme (38).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus/clostridium group (aka bacillota)
B: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
C: bacillus cereus strain f (aka bacillus cereus f)
D: bacillus cereus group
E: cereus (aka cereus <eudicots>)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As MLEE, AFLP and MLST have different levels of resolution, one can hope that combining them might provide an even more robust supertree for the B. cereus group.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. cereus group'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus sp. (in: firmicutes)
B: cereus <eudicots> (cereus) (aka cereus <eudicots>)
C: bacillus amyloliquefaciens group (operational group b. amyloliquefaciens) (aka bacillus amyloliquefaciens group)
D: bacillus <firmicutes> (bacillus rrna group 1) (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
E: bacillus cereus group
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Potential cytotoxic activity of synthesized fused isoxazolines 1 and 2 was tested in vitro on four monolayer tumor cell lines: MG-22A (mouse hepatoma), HT-1080 (human fibroblastoma), B16 (mouse melanoma), Neuro 2A (mouse neiroblastoma).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
B: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
E: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Potential cytotoxic activity of synthesized fused isoxazolines 1 and 2 was tested in vitro on four monolayer tumor cell lines: MG-22A (mouse hepatoma), HT-1080 (human fibroblastoma), B16 (mouse melanoma), Neuro 2A (mouse neiroblastoma).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: animals (aka metazoa)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Potential cytotoxic activity of synthesized fused isoxazolines 1 and 2 was tested in vitro on four monolayer tumor cell lines: MG-22A (mouse hepatoma), HT-1080 (human fibroblastoma), B16 (mouse melanoma), Neuro 2A (mouse neiroblastoma).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
D: peromyscus
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Potential cytotoxic activity of synthesized fused isoxazolines 1 and 2 was tested in vitro on four monolayer tumor cell lines: MG-22A (mouse hepatoma), HT-1080 (human fibroblastoma), B16 (mouse melanoma), Neuro 2A (mouse neiroblastoma).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
C: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Introduction
Since the early 1970s, the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been shown to be associated with a number of autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases, and it continues to be the focus of intense research [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: probles
B: mammals (aka mammalia)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: suborder
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The classical class I and class II loci encode the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) proteins involved in antigen presentation to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: suborder
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: birds (aka aves)
E: animals (aka metazoa)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The classical class I and class II loci encode the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) proteins involved in antigen presentation to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: primate (aka primates)
B: species
C: mammals (aka mammalia)
D: macrobiotus sapiens
E: probles
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE/lupus, [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 152700, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=OMIM&TabCmd=Limits]) is a chronic, multi-system autoimmune disease affecting young women ten times more commonly than men.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'man'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: genus
E: birds (aka aves)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE/lupus, [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 152700, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=OMIM&TabCmd=Limits]) is a chronic, multi-system autoimmune disease affecting young women ten times more commonly than men.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'women'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
C: kingdom
D: genus
E: gallus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE/lupus, [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 152700, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=OMIM&TabCmd=Limits]) is a chronic, multi-system autoimmune disease affecting young women ten times more commonly than men.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'men'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: menevia
B: menella
C: menkeleon
D: menura
E: menida
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A role for another class III gene, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF), in SLE was suggested following the observation that the lupus-prone New Zealand F1 mouse hybrid exhibits constitutively low TNF expression [10].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peromyscus
B: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, the development of antinuclear antibodies in patients treated with TNF antagonists has also stimulated interest in the possible role of TNF in SLE [11–13].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: theraps
D: goes
E: probles
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Murine and human candidate gene studies, together with genome-wide linkage screens, provide further support that multiple genetic loci, including the mouse MHC complex H2 and the human MHC locus, contribute to disease susceptibility [14–17].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: humans (aka homo)
C: mammals (aka mammalia)
D: primate (aka primates)
E: biota (aka cellular organisms)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Murine and human candidate gene studies, together with genome-wide linkage screens, provide further support that multiple genetic loci, including the mouse MHC complex H2 and the human MHC locus, contribute to disease susceptibility [14–17].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
B: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: mus (aka mus <subgenus>) (aka mus <subgenus>)
E: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Murine and human candidate gene studies, together with genome-wide linkage screens, provide further support that multiple genetic loci, including the mouse MHC complex H2 and the human MHC locus, contribute to disease susceptibility [14–17].
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
B: probles
C: kingdom
D: primate (aka primates)
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It should be noted that the human MHC was first associated with SLE in 1971, when studies demonstrated that lupus probands were enriched for the class I alleles HL-A8 (now known as HLA-B8) and HLA-W15 (now known as HLA-B15) when compared with healthy controls [18,19].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: biota (aka cellular organisms)
E: species
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This SNP is located within intron 6 of the class III gene, superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SKIV2L), and is located approximately 500 kb telomeric to the HLA-DRB1 gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This SNP is located within intron 6 of the class III gene, superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SKIV2L), and is located approximately 500 kb telomeric to the HLA-DRB1 gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of these data (Figure 4) suggests the presence of short-range LD around our associated variant, rs419788, in CEPH families, encompassing approximately 40 kb of the genome which includes the five genes: complement factor B (CFB), RD RNA binding protein (RDBP), SKIV2L, dom-3 homolg Z (C. elegans) (DOM3Z), and serine/threonine kinase 19 (STK19), and does not include the complement C4 locus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caenorhabditis sp.
B: drosophila elegans
C: enyo elegans (aka zodarion elegans)
D: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caenorhabditis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The function of Dom3z is currently unknown, although the homologous yeast protein binds nuclear exoribonuclease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: budding yeasts & others (aka saccharomycotina)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All study participants are European Caucasian on the basis of grandparental origin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'participants'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: birds (aka aves)
D: subsection
E: inquisitor
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Written consent was obtained from all study participants and ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC 2 June 1998).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'participants'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: this
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: assessor
D: test organism
E: subsection
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Supporting Information
Accession Numbers
The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim) accession numbers for the genes described in this study are as follows: AGER, 600214; BAT3, 142590; C4A, 120810; C4B, 120820; CFB, 138470; DOM3Z, 605996; DOM3Z, 605996; EHMT2, 604599; HLA-B, 142830; HLA-DPB2, 120290; HLA-DQA1, 146880; HLA-DQB1, 604305; HLA-DRA, 142860; HLA-DRB1, 142857; KIAA1949, 610990; MICA, 600169; NOTCH4, 164951; RDBP, 154040; RDBP, 154040; SKIV2L, 600478; SLC44A4, 606107; STK19, 604977; STK19, 604977; TNF, 191160; and TNXB, 600985.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'man'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: this
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA copy numbers in immunohistochemically ERα-positive-, and negative breast cancer tissues
Abstract
Background
The presence of ERα is the basis for treating breast cancer patients with targeted molecular therapies that block estrogen stimulation of breast cancer cell division.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: circe
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: cancer
D: humans (aka homo)
E: other (aka unidentified)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To select patients for the above therapies, currently, the ERα presence in breast cancer tissues is determined in clinical laboratories by microscopically scoring the slides subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: goes
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: cancer
E: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer deaths for women in the United States striking about 300,000 and killing about 40,000 women a year [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'women'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: latina
C: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
D: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
E: probles
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer deaths for women in the United States striking about 300,000 and killing about 40,000 women a year [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'women'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: species
B: suborder
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: mammals (aka mammalia)
E: latina
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because endogenous estrogens directly promote the growth of breast cancer cells, estrogen deprivation either by inhibiting its biosynthesis (aromatase inhibitors) or blocking estrogen-mediated gene transcription (tamoxifen) through its high affinity receptor, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), are the primary lines of therapy for breast cancer patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: other (aka unidentified)
B: aides
C: species
D: goes
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
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