instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Upregulation of CXCL10 in human dorsal root ganglia during experimental and natural varicella-zoster virus infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pediculus humanus corporis (pediculus humanus humanus) (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: cardium humanum (aka glossus humanus)
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: carcharhinus humani
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Upregulation of CXCL10 in human dorsal root ganglia during experimental and natural varicella-zoster virus infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'varicella-zoster virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vzv (aka human alphaherpesvirus 3) (aka human alphaherpesvirus 3)
B: varicellaria
C: swinepox virus
D: horsepox virus
E: smallpox (aka variola virus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation causes herpes zoster, which is accompanied by an influx of lymphocytes into affected ganglia, but the stimulus for this infiltrate is not known.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vzv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: varicellaria
B: zebra herpesvirus
C: gallid herpesvirus
D: human alphaherpesvirus 3 (vzv (aka human alphaherpesvirus 3))
E: smallpox (aka variola virus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We report that VZV infection of ganglia leads to increased CXCL10 production in vitro, in an explant ganglion model and in naturally infected dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during herpes zoster.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vzv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: simian varicella virus (aka cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 9)
B: variola
C: gallid herpesvirus
D: varicella-zoster virus vzv (aka human alphaherpesvirus 3)
E: herpesvirus pan (aka panine gammaherpesvirus 1)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study identifies VZV-induced CXCL10 as a potential driver of T lymphocyte recruitment into DRG during herpes zoster.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vzv-induced'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hypsugopox virus
B: variola albomarginata (aka variola albimarginata)
C: variola
D: human orf virus
E: varicella zoster virus vzv (aka human alphaherpesvirus 3)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Monoclonal antibody-based triple antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for Odontoglossum ringspot virus detection.
Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infects numerous commercially important orchids and causes significant losses worldwide.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'odontoglossum ringspot virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gloxinia ringspot virus
B: rice ragged stunt oryzavirus (aka rice ragged stunt virus)
C: odontoglossum ringspot virus (isolate singapore 1)
D: rondonia orthonairovirus
E: orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus) (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Monoclonal antibody-based triple antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for Odontoglossum ringspot virus detection.
Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infects numerous commercially important orchids and causes significant losses worldwide.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'odontoglossum ringspot virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: odontoglossum ringspot virus (isolate singapore 1)
B: odontoglossum ringspot virus (orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus))
C: rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv (aka rice ragged stunt virus))
D: rondonia orthonairovirus
E: ripoglum virus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Monoclonal antibody-based triple antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for Odontoglossum ringspot virus detection.
Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infects numerous commercially important orchids and causes significant losses worldwide.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ovine respiratory syncytial virus orsv (aka ovine respiratory syncytial virus)
B: osta virus
C: ogsystermes virus
D: ossa virus
E: odontoglossum ringspot virus (orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus))
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The coat protein (CP) gene of ORSV was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli by using the pET-32a expression vector, and the expression of recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blotting using anti-ORSV antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: osugoroshi virus
B: orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus) (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus)
C: orsay virus (orsay nodavirus) (aka orsay virus)
D: ogsystermes virus
E: ossa virus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The coat protein (CP) gene of ORSV was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli by using the pET-32a expression vector, and the expression of recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blotting using anti-ORSV antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: porpv (aka orthorubulavirus suis)
B: ostreococcus virus
C: oran virus
D: orsay virus (orsay nodavirus) (aka orsay virus)
E: ovine respiratory syncytial virus rsv (aka ovine respiratory syncytial virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The coat protein (CP) gene of ORSV was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli by using the pET-32a expression vector, and the expression of recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blotting using anti-ORSV antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
B: escherichia coli 97.1742
C: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
D: escherichia coli 99.1793
E: bacterium coli commune (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The coat protein (CP) gene of ORSV was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli by using the pET-32a expression vector, and the expression of recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blotting using anti-ORSV antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ord river virus
B: orsay virus (orsay nodavirus) (aka orsay virus)
C: orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus) (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus)
D: osugoroshi virus
E: ovine respiratory syncytial virus orsv (aka ovine respiratory syncytial virus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Five murine MAbs against ORSV CP were obtained.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ostreococcus virus
B: olivavirus
C: porpv (aka orthorubulavirus suis)
D: oran virus
E: odontoglossum ringspot virus (orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus))
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) and immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) methods using the MAb (8A5) were then developed for sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of ORSV.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ogsystermes virus
B: oran virus
C: sorv (aka south river virus) (aka south river virus)
D: orsay nodavirus (aka orsay virus)
E: odontoglossum ringspot virus (orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus))
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'TAS-ELISA and IC-RT-PCR could detect ORSV in the infected leaf saps with dilutions of 1:10,240 and 1:81,920 (w/v, g mL(-1)), respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: odontoglossum ringspot virus (orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus))
B: osta virus
C: ord river virus
D: ostreococcus virus
E: porpv (aka orthorubulavirus suis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'TAS-ELISA and IC-RT-PCR detections indicated that ORSV was prevalent in orchids in the Zhejiang Province of China.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orsv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ogsystermes virus
B: oblavirus
C: ostreococcus virus
D: orsv (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus) (aka odontoglossum ringspot virus)
E: ossa virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'General factors important for the formation of structured biofilm-like yeast colonies.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
C: saccharomyces drosophilarum (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
D: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
E: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lifestyle of wild and laboratory yeast strains significantly differs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
B: torulaspora hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
C: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast to the smooth colonies of laboratory strains, wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains form biofilm-like, strikingly structured colonies possessing distinctive traits enabling them to better survive in hostile environments in the wild.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces drosophilarum (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
C: saccharomyces paradoxus
D: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
E: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Flo11p adhesin, important for cell-cell and cell-surface adhesion, is essential for the formation of fluffy colonies and thus significantly contributes to the phenotype variability of wild yeast strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomycodes
B: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
E: saccharomyces oviformis (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Flo11p adhesin, important for cell-cell and cell-surface adhesion, is essential for the formation of fluffy colonies and thus significantly contributes to the phenotype variability of wild yeast strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
B: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
C: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host plant effects on alkaline phosphatase activity in the whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci Biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) often coexist on greenhouse-grown vegetable crops in northern China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bemisia tabaci'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactrocera fallacis (aka zeugodacus fallacis)
B: corbicula tobae
C: bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) (aka bemisia tabaci)
D: thriprhavirus tabaci
E: bemisia reyesi
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host plant effects on alkaline phosphatase activity in the whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci Biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) often coexist on greenhouse-grown vegetable crops in northern China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trialeurodes vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trialeurodes
B: xylaria vaporaria
C: botryllus tyreus
D: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
E: trialeurodes variabilis (aleurodes variabilis) (aka trialeurodes variabilis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host plant effects on alkaline phosphatase activity in the whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci Biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) often coexist on greenhouse-grown vegetable crops in northern China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bemisia tabaci'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erysiphe tabaci (aka golovinomyces tabaci)
B: sweet potato whitefly (aka bemisia tabaci)
C: thrips tabaci
D: thriprhavirus tabaci
E: bactrocera fallacis (aka zeugodacus fallacis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host plant effects on alkaline phosphatase activity in the whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci Biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) often coexist on greenhouse-grown vegetable crops in northern China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trialeurodes vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
B: thrinaconyx fumosa (aka thrinaconyx fumosus)
C: agaricus vaporarius
D: toxeus maxillosus
E: tamarix arceuthoides
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The recent spread of B. tabaci B-biotype has largely replaced T. vaporariorum, and B-biotype now overlaps with T. vaporariorum where common hosts occur in most invaded areas.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. tabaci'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tabanus bromius
B: buchnera aphidicola (brachycaudus tragopogonis)
C: aleurodes tabaci (aka bemisia tabaci)
D: bactrocera infesta (aka zeugodacus infestus)
E: burkholderia insecticola (aka caballeronia insecticola)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The recent spread of B. tabaci B-biotype has largely replaced T. vaporariorum, and B-biotype now overlaps with T. vaporariorum where common hosts occur in most invaded areas.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma hortense
B: trichoderma viridarium
C: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: fusarium temperatum
E: fusarium torreyae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The recent spread of B. tabaci B-biotype has largely replaced T. vaporariorum, and B-biotype now overlaps with T. vaporariorum where common hosts occur in most invaded areas.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tetratoma fungorum
B: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
C: thozetella fabacearum
D: trichoderma viride (trichoderma lignorum) (aka trichoderma viride)
E: xylaria vaporaria
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The impact of the B-biotype on the agro eco system appears to be widespread, and involves the ability to compete with and perhaps replace other phytophages like T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma restrictum
B: tetratoma fungorum
C: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: trichoderma hortense
E: trichoderma botryosum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To test this hypothesis, alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in the B-biotype and T. vaporariorum after feeding on a number of different hosts for a range of durations, with and without host switching.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium temperatum
B: trichoderma viridarium
C: tabanus thermarum
D: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
E: fusarium torreyae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma lignorum (aka trichoderma viride)
B: fusarium torreyae
C: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: fusarium toxicum
E: trichoderma vinosum (hypocrea vinosa) (aka trichoderma vinosum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma tomentosum
B: thozetella fabacearum
C: fusarium toxicum
D: trichoderma flavofuscum (aka trichoderma virens)
E: trichoderma texanum
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum cornifolium
B: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
C: solanum mammosum
D: solanum taitense
E: solanum latifolium
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum corifolium
B: solanum latifolium
C: lycopersicon chilense (aka solanum chilense)
D: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
E: solanum mammosum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotton'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gossypium pilosum
B: cotton aphid (aka aphis gossypii)
C: cottonia
D: cotton bollworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
E: american upland cotton (aka gossypium hirsutum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cabbage'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cabbage (aka brassica oleracea var. capitata)
B: cabbage fly (aka delia brassica)
C: ethiopian mustard (aka brassica carinata)
D: brassica rapa (field mustard) (aka brassica rapa)
E: brassica oleracea (wild cabbage) (aka brassica oleracea)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was 1.40 to 3.35-fold higher than that of T. vaporariorum when the host switching time was -72', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thozetella fabacearum
B: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
C: fusarium temperatum
D: tabanus thermarum
E: trichoderma texanum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'After -120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
B: solanum trifidum
C: solanum taitense
D: solanum canense
E: solanum trifolium
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'After -120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotton'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gossypium
B: gossypium barbosanum
C: cotton (aka gossypium hirsutum)
D: arabian cotton (aka gossypium herbaceum)
E: sea-island cotton (aka gossypium barbadense)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'After -120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma hortense
B: trichoderma texanum
C: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: fusarium torreyae
E: xylaria vaporaria
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was shown that alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium torreyae
B: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
C: trichoderma tomentosum
D: fusarium toxicum
E: trichoderma flavofuscum (aka trichoderma virens)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was shown that alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma hortense
B: trichoderma restrictum
C: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: trichoderma texanum
E: fusarium torreyae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was shown that alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tabanus thermarum
B: fusarium temperatum
C: fusarium torreyae
D: trichoderma texanum
E: xylaria vaporaria
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Tortricid moths reared from the invasive weed Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata, with comments on their host specificity, biology, geographic distribution, and systematics.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mexican palo verde'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phlebopus mexicanus
B: mexican paloverde (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
C: yellow paloverde (aka parkinsonia microphylla)
D: anisopodus mexicanus
E: rotala mexicana
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Tortricid moths reared from the invasive weed Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata, with comments on their host specificity, biology, geographic distribution, and systematics.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parkinsonia aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pennatula aculeata
B: aphrodita aculeata
C: parundella aculeata
D: parkinsonia aculeata (barbados flowerfence) (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
E: diamesa aculeata
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As part of efforts to identify native herbivores of Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), as potential biological control agents against this invasive weed in Australia, ten species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) were reared from Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela:', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mexican palo verde'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phlebopus mexicanus
B: pontonia mexicana
C: mexican paloverde (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
D: paloue
E: podosordaria mexicana
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As part of efforts to identify native herbivores of Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), as potential biological control agents against this invasive weed in Australia, ten species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) were reared from Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela:', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parkinsonia aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phanerochaete aculeata
B: aphrodita aculeata
C: leucophenga aculeata
D: euphorbia aculeata
E: parkinsonia aculeata (barbados flowerfence) (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Amorbia concavana (Zeller), Platynota rostrana (Walker), Platynota helianthes (Meyrick), Platynota stultana Walsingham (all Tortricinae: Sparganothini), Rudenia leguminana (Busck), Cochylis sp. (both Tortricinae: Cochylini), Ofatulena duodecemstriata (Walsingham), O. luminosa Heinrich, Ofatulena sp. (all Olethreutinae: Grapholitini), and Crocidosema lantana Busck (Olethreutinae: Eucosmini).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'platynota stultana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drepanogynis styx
B: tenthredo stulta
C: platynota stultana
D: paralasa styx
E: platypedia mariposa
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These are the first documented records of P. aculeata as a host plant for all but O. luminosa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aphrodita aculeata
B: pereskia aculeata
C: paralomis aculeata
D: phlox aculeata
E: pisonia aculeata
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ofatulena luminosa is possibly host specific on P. aculeata.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: picris aculeata (aka helminthotheca aculeata)
B: leucophenga aculeata
C: zapoteca aculeata (calliandra aculeata) (aka zapoteca aculeata)
D: pennatula aculeata
E: pleurothallis aculeata (aka acianthera aculeata)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A review of the implications of heterozygosity and inbreeding on germplasm biodiversity and its conservation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: silk moth (aka bombyx mori)
B: spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
C: bombyx
D: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
E: bombycidae (silkworm moths) (aka bombycidae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A review of the implications of heterozygosity and inbreeding on germplasm biodiversity and its conservation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus simillimus
B: bombus maxillosus
C: silk moth (aka bombyx mori)
D: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
E: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract Silkworm genebanks assume paramount importance as the reservoirs of biodiversity and source of alleles that can be easily retrieved for genetic enhancement of popular breeds.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild silkworm (aka bombyx mandarina)
B: silkworm moths (aka bombycidae)
C: cotton bollworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
D: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
E: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract Silkworm genebanks assume paramount importance as the reservoirs of biodiversity and source of alleles that can be easily retrieved for genetic enhancement of popular breeds.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
B: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
C: fall armyworm (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
D: cotton bollworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
E: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'More than 4000 Bombyx mori L (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) strains are currently available and these strains are maintained through continuous sibling mating.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori l'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: silkworm moths (aka bombycidae)
B: bombyx
C: bombella mellum
D: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
E: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is essential to maintain a minimal degree of heterozygosity within the population of each silkworm strain, especially in the traditional geographic strains, to avoid such loss.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
B: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
C: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
D: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
E: apis hortorum (aka bombus hortorum)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a result, accurate estimation of genetic diversity is becoming more important in silkworm genetic resources conservation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
B: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
C: apis hortorum (aka bombus hortorum)
D: bombyx fusca (aka pygmaena fusca)
E: fall armyworm (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since a minimal amount of heterozygosity in each silkworm strain is essential for better conservation by avoiding inbreeding depression, this article overviews both theoretical and practical importance of heterozygosity together with impacts of inbreeding depression and the merits and demerits of neutral molecular markers for measurements of both heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
B: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
C: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
D: bombyx fusca (aka pygmaena fusca)
E: bombus morio (apis morio) (aka bombus morio)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since a minimal amount of heterozygosity in each silkworm strain is essential for better conservation by avoiding inbreeding depression, this article overviews both theoretical and practical importance of heterozygosity together with impacts of inbreeding depression and the merits and demerits of neutral molecular markers for measurements of both heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
B: bombyx fusca (aka pygmaena fusca)
C: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
D: apis morio (aka bombus morio)
E: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since a minimal amount of heterozygosity in each silkworm strain is essential for better conservation by avoiding inbreeding depression, this article overviews both theoretical and practical importance of heterozygosity together with impacts of inbreeding depression and the merits and demerits of neutral molecular markers for measurements of both heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus jacobsoni (aka bombus lucorum)
B: branchiomma bombyx (amphitrite bombyx) (aka branchiomma bombyx)
C: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
D: bombus pomorum (bremus pomorum) (aka bombus pomorum)
E: bombus muscorum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here the characteristics of nonjunctional hemichannels were examined in three lepidopteran cell types, two cell lines (High Five and Sf9) and explanted hemocytes from Heliothis virescens (Fabricius)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helictotrichon virescens (aka trisetopsis virescens)
B: heliothis virescens (helicoverpa virescens) (aka heliothis virescens)
C: heliothis zea (aka helicoverpa zea)
D: heliothis punctigera (aka helicoverpa punctigera)
E: heliothrips sylvanus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First description of the early stage biology of the genus Mygona: the natural history of the satyrine butterfly, Mygona irmina in eastern Ecuador.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mygona irmina'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myliobatis asperrimus (aka aetomylaeus asperrimus)
B: adelpha irmina (heterochroa irmina) (aka adelpha irmina)
C: apaustus ira (aka rigga ira)
D: myiagra atra (biak flycatcher) (aka myiagra atra)
E: pronophila irmina (aka mygona irmina)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The immature stages and natural history of Mygona irmina Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Pronophilina) from northeastern Ecuadorian cloud forests are described based on 17 rearings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mygona irmina'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myiotriccus ornatus (tyrannula ornata) (aka myiotriccus ornatus)
B: pronophila irmina (aka mygona irmina)
C: myiagra atra (biak flycatcher) (aka myiagra atra)
D: myiagra inquieta (turdus inquietus) (aka myiagra inquieta)
E: myzopoda aurita
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The dwarf bamboo, Chusquea c.f. scandens Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoidea) is the larval food plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chusquea c.f. scandens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chusquea glauca
B: chusquea patens
C: chusqueaspis
D: chusquea scandens (nastus chusque) (aka chusquea scandens)
E: chusquea capitata
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The dwarf bamboo, Chusquea c.f. scandens Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoidea) is the larval food plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chusquea c.f. scandens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chusquea gracilis
B: chusquea subtilis
C: chusquea foliosa
D: chusaris
E: chusquea capitata
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These possibilities were evaluated by offering different sized artificial caterpillars with either fixed or proportionally increasing aposematic color signal elements to wild great tits, Parus major L. (Passeriformes: Paridae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'great tits'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: great tit (aka parus major)
B: marsh tit (aka poecile palustris)
C: northern long-tailed tit (aka aegithalos caudatus)
D: titidius
E: tityopsis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These possibilities were evaluated by offering different sized artificial caterpillars with either fixed or proportionally increasing aposematic color signal elements to wild great tits, Parus major L. (Passeriformes: Paridae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parus major l.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: parus minor (parus major minor) (aka parus minor)
B: arhopala major (narathura major) (aka arhopala major)
C: polygala major
D: pimpinella major
E: great tit (aka parus major)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Post-egression host tissue feeding is another strategy of host regulation by the Koinobiont wasp, Toxoneuron nigriceps.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'toxoneuron nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cardiochiles nigriceps (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
B: telescopus nigriceps (tarbophis nigriceps) (aka telescopus nigriceps)
C: oncopeltus nigriceps
D: nephrotoma nigriceps (aka ctenophora nigriceps)
E: tantilla nigriceps (plains blackhead snake) (aka tantilla nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One species, the endoparasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), exhibits the unusual behavior of egressing before initiating tissue predation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'toxoneuron nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: telescopus nigriceps (tarbophis nigriceps) (aka telescopus nigriceps)
B: turdus nigriceps
C: nasutitermes nigriceps
D: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
E: oxytelus nigriceps
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These third instar T. nigriceps larvae show a significant increase in body size and mass after post-egression feeding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thamnophilus nigriceps
B: oxytelus nigriceps
C: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
D: serinus nigriceps
E: pareas nigriceps
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through this project the importance of post-egression feeding in the development of T. nigriceps in its host the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has been evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
B: todirostrum nigriceps
C: thryothorus nigricapillus
D: tanysiptera sylvia nigriceps (aka tanysiptera nigriceps)
E: orthotomus nigriceps
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through this project the importance of post-egression feeding in the development of T. nigriceps in its host the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has been evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco budworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus transversalis
B: tobacco budworm (aka heliothis virescens)
C: bombus bellicosus
D: bombus vestalis (psithyrus vestalis) (aka bombus vestalis)
E: tabanus virgulatus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through this project the importance of post-egression feeding in the development of T. nigriceps in its host the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has been evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sextius virescens
B: heliothis virescens (helicoverpa virescens) (aka heliothis virescens)
C: temnochila virescens (aka temnoscheila virescens)
D: hepialus virescens (aka aenetus virescens)
E: heliothis lupatus (aka heliocheilus lupatus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study was conducted by preventing the egressed third instar T. nigriceps larvae from feeding on host tissue and observing whether they could undergo further development.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turdus nigriceps
B: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
C: tantilla nigriceps (plains blackhead snake) (aka tantilla nigriceps)
D: eucera nigriceps (tetraloniella nigriceps) (aka eucera nigriceps)
E: oxytelus nigriceps
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is concluded that post-egression host tissue feeding is essential for the normal development of T. nigriceps, as the prevention of feeding resulted in significantly lighter and smaller larvae, cocoons, and adults as well as deformed adults and reduced adult survival.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tetraloniella nigriceps (aka eucera nigriceps)
B: pareas nigriceps
C: orthotomus nigriceps
D: thamnophilus nigriceps
E: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is concluded that post-egression host tissue feeding is essential for the normal development of T. nigriceps, as the prevention of feeding resulted in significantly lighter and smaller larvae, cocoons, and adults as well as deformed adults and reduced adult survival.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: serinus nigriceps
B: orthotomus nigriceps
C: tetraloniella nigriceps (aka eucera nigriceps)
D: tarbophis nigriceps (aka telescopus nigriceps)
E: oxytelus nigriceps
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Entomopathogenic fungi were collected from soil in four adjacent habitats (oak forest, agricultural soil, pine reforestation and chaparral habitat) in Saltillo, Mexico using the insect bait method with Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as bait.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tenebrio molitor'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
B: tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) (aka tenebrio molitor)
C: batis molitor
D: zelus femoratus (aka bactrodes femoratus)
E: cratopus molitor
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and 1 (0.1%) hosted lsaria (=Paecilomyces) sp. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'beauveria bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cordyceps bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
B: beauveria australis
C: beauveria thailandica
D: beauveria sinensis
E: beauveria velata
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and 1 (0.1%) hosted lsaria (=Paecilomyces) sp. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'metarhizium anisopliae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium hybridum
B: metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (aka metarhizium acridum)
C: metarhizium anisopliae var. majus (aka metarhizium majus)
D: entomophthora anisopliae (aka metarhizium anisopliae)
E: metarhizium alvesii
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and 1 (0.1%) hosted lsaria (=Paecilomyces) sp. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lsaria (=paecilomyces) sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lacustromyces sp.
B: paenibacillus sp.
C: laetisaria sp.
D: leratiomyces sp.
E: lyomyces sp.
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. bassiana was significantly more frequent on larvae exposed to oak forest soil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: burkholderia insecticola (aka caballeronia insecticola)
B: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
C: beauveria oryzae (aka tritirachium oryzae)
D: boraria infesta
E: cordyceps bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'M. anisopliae was significantly more frequent on larvae exposed to agricultural soil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. anisopliae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium anisopliae polymycovirus 1
B: metarhizium robertsii
C: metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (aka metarhizium acridum)
D: metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (aka metarhizium anisopliae)
E: metarhizium neoanisopliae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains were tested for their infectivity against Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuban laurel thrips'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thrips physapus (thrips fusca) (aka thrips physapus)
B: thrips levatus
C: cuban racer (aka cubophis cantherigerus)
D: thraululus parvulus (aka choroterpes parvula)
E: thrips palmi
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains were tested for their infectivity against Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'greenhouse whitefly'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: corn earworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
B: agromyces albus
C: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: tabanus virgulatus
E: sheep blowfly (aka lucilia sericata)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains were tested for their infectivity against Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trialeurodes vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trialeurodes
B: cymindis vaporariorum
C: tremoctopus violaceus
D: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
E: botrylloides tyreus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. bassiana isolates caused the highest mortality on thrips (some causing 88% mortality after 6 days); both fungal species caused similarly high mortality levels against whiteflies (75%) after 6 days.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
B: bassia iranica (aka bassia odontoptera)
C: penicillium bassianum (aka beauveria bassiana)
D: begonia boisiana
E: burkholderia diffusa
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. bassiana isolates caused the highest mortality on thrips (some causing 88% mortality after 6 days); both fungal species caused similarly high mortality levels against whiteflies (75%) after 6 days.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria bassiana d1-5
B: beauveria oryzae (aka tritirachium oryzae)
C: monarda bradburiana
D: begonia boisiana
E: bassia iranica (aka bassia odontoptera)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Large amounts of germplasm of entomopathogenic fungi, fundamentally B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, exist in the habitats sampled; pathogenicity varied among strains, and some strains possessed significant virulence.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
B: caballeronia insecticola (burkholderia insecticola) (aka caballeronia insecticola)
C: botrytis bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
D: monarda bradburiana
E: beauveria oryzae (aka tritirachium oryzae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Large amounts of germplasm of entomopathogenic fungi, fundamentally B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, exist in the habitats sampled; pathogenicity varied among strains, and some strains possessed significant virulence.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. anisopliae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium anisopliae polymycovirus 1
B: metarhizium anisopliae ma10
C: metarhizium anisopliae brip 53293
D: isaria anisopliae (aka metarhizium anisopliae)
E: metarhizium anisopliae f. majus (aka metarhizium majus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcript analysis and comparative evaluation of shaker and slowmo gene homologues from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'european corn borer'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: southwestern corn borer (aka diatraea grandiosella)
B: english grain aphid (aka sitobion avenae)
C: agromyces terreus
D: european corn borer (aka ostrinia nubilalis)
E: asian corn borer (aka ostrinia furnacalis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcript analysis and comparative evaluation of shaker and slowmo gene homologues from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ostrinia nubilalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: otiorhynchus nubilus
B: european corn borer (aka ostrinia nubilalis)
C: xyleborus nubilus
D: schistostege nubilaria
E: schinia nubila
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Homologues of the Drosophila behaviour-linked genes shaker (shkr) and slowmo (slmo) were identified from Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ostrinia nubilalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oxytenis nubila
B: otiorhynchus nubilus
C: schinia nubila
D: tachypeza nubila
E: european corn borer (aka ostrinia nubilalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Marek's disease virus type 1 microRNA miR-M3 suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting Smad2 of the transforming growth factor beta signal pathway.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'marek's disease virus type 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marek's disease virus serotype 1 mdv-1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
B: marek's disease gammaherpesvirus mkt-1
C: gallid herpesvirus 1 (serotype 2) (aka marek's disease virus serotype 2 mdv2)
D: mardivirus (marek's disease-like viruses) (aka mardivirus)
E: marek's disease herpesvirus 2 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 3)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Viruses cause about 15% of the cancers that are still the leading causes of human mortality.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
D: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
E: gymnopleurus humanus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'marek's disease virus 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marek's disease virus type 1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
B: marek's disease gammaherpesvirus mkt-1
C: marek's disease virus type 2 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 3)
D: mardivirus (marek's disease-like viruses) (aka mardivirus)
E: gallid herpesvirus 1 (serotype 2) (aka marek's disease virus serotype 2 mdv2)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mdv1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: medway virus
B: marr virus
C: marek disease virus type 1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
D: human mastadenovirus 1 (aka human adenovirus 1)
E: marten adenovirus type 1
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
B: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
C: gallacoccus
D: green junglefowl (aka gallus varius)
E: chickens (aka gallus gallus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arilus gallus
B: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
C: green junglefowl (aka gallus varius)
D: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
E: gallasellus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chickens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallus
B: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
C: gallacoccus
D: arilus gallus
E: gallus sonneratii (gray junglefowl) (aka gallus sonneratii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results showed that of the total 14 miRNAs encoded by MDV1, MDV1-miR-M3 significantly promoted cell survival under treatment with cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mdv1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mav-1 (aka murine adenovirus 1)
B: marek's disease virus type 1 mdv1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
C: human mastadenovirus 1 (aka human adenovirus 1)
D: marten adenovirus type 1
E: medway virus
F: None of the above. | B |
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