instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic kit included three immunochromatographic strips of types O, A and Asia 1, and the type-specific results were confirmed by color on the test lines of the three strips.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'o'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oophila
B: oolithotus
C: oostethus
D: oobius
E: oriolus oryzivorus (aka molothrus oryzivorus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic kit included three immunochromatographic strips of types O, A and Asia 1, and the type-specific results were confirmed by color on the test lines of the three strips.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anopheles a serogroup (aka anopheles a virus)
B: anularya
C: athesis acrisione acrisione
D: aa
E: ara
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic kit included three immunochromatographic strips of types O, A and Asia 1, and the type-specific results were confirmed by color on the test lines of the three strips.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'asia 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: asiadodis
B: anativirus a1
C: orienticius
D: asiacornococcus
E: aedes rhabdovirus 1
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic sensitivity of the LFI for FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia 1 was 88.3% compared to 89.7% obtained by the reference method of indirect-sandwich ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fmdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fmdv-o (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus o)
B: fmdv-a (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus a)
C: fmdv-c (aka foot and mouth disease virus c)
D: foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus))
E: foot-and-mouth disease virus (strain o1)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic sensitivity of the LFI for FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia 1 was 88.3% compared to 89.7% obtained by the reference method of indirect-sandwich ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'o'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orus
B: oriolus oryzivorus (aka molothrus oryzivorus)
C: oolithotus
D: oomorphoides
E: oosoma
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic sensitivity of the LFI for FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia 1 was 88.3% compared to 89.7% obtained by the reference method of indirect-sandwich ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'o'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oomorphoides
B: oodoptera
C: oodes
D: oriolus oryzivorus (aka molothrus oryzivorus)
E: oomycetes (aka oomycota)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic sensitivity of the LFI for FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia 1 was 88.3% compared to 89.7% obtained by the reference method of indirect-sandwich ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anillus
B: athesis acrisione acrisione
C: areae
D: alexa
E: ammathella
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The diagnostic sensitivity of the LFI for FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia 1 was 88.3% compared to 89.7% obtained by the reference method of indirect-sandwich ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'asia 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: asteroid ambidensovirus 1
B: avena
C: asiacornococcus
D: asiadodis
E: goose astrovirus 1
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The sensitivity of the LFI for FMDV type Asia 1 was higher at 92.1% compared to 90.5% for the ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fmdv type asia 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fmdv-sat1 (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus sat 1)
B: fmdv-o (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus o)
C: fmdv-sat3 (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus sat 3)
D: foot-and-mouth disease virus - type asia 1 (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus asia 1)
E: foot and mouth disease virus fmdv (aka foot-and-mouth disease virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A new method for detection of pandemic influenza virus using High Resolution Melting analysis of the neuraminidase gene.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pandemic influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
B: swine influenza virus
C: influenzavirus d (aka deltainfluenzavirus)
D: duck influenza virus
E: influenza a virus (a/china)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Diagnostic methods based upon exclusive detection of haemagglutinin do not detect sequence variation in other gene segments of the Influenza A virus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
B: flubv (aka influenza b virus)
C: avian influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
D: equine influenza virus
E: duck influenza virus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Independent duplications of alpha-amylase in different strains of Aspergillus oryzae.
Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that has arisen through the ancient domestication of Aspergillus flavus for making traditional oriental foods and beverages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus cerealis
B: pestalotiopsis oryzae
C: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
D: aspergillus neoellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
E: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Independent duplications of alpha-amylase in different strains of Aspergillus oryzae.
Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that has arisen through the ancient domestication of Aspergillus flavus for making traditional oriental foods and beverages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sclerotium oryzae (aka nakataea oryzae)
B: aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884 (aka aspergillus oryzae)
C: pestalotiopsis oryzae
D: magnaporthe oryzae (aka pyricularia oryzae)
E: aspergillus oryzae var. oryzae
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Independent duplications of alpha-amylase in different strains of Aspergillus oryzae.
Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that has arisen through the ancient domestication of Aspergillus flavus for making traditional oriental foods and beverages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus flavus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus cerealis
B: aspergillus terrestris (aka aspergillus terreus)
C: aspergillus parvisclerotigenus (aka aspergillus flavus)
D: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
E: aspergillus avenaceus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the many centuries A. oryzae has been used for fermenting the starch in rice to simple sugars, it has undergone selection for increased secretion of starch-degrading enzymes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: acinetobacter oryzae
B: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
C: nostoc oryzae (anabaena oryzae) (aka nostoc oryzae)
D: azospirillum oryzae
E: dickeya oryzae
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In particular, all A. oryzae strains investigated thus far have two or more copies of a gene encoding alpha-amylase, whereas A. flavus has only one.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amorphomonas oryzae ('amorphomonas oryzae') (aka amorphomonas oryzae)
B: azospirillum oryzae
C: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
D: nostoc oryzae (anabaena oryzae) (aka nostoc oryzae)
E: apodus oryzae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In particular, all A. oryzae strains investigated thus far have two or more copies of a gene encoding alpha-amylase, whereas A. flavus has only one.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: monotospora oryzae (aka nigrospora oryzae)
B: azospirillum oryzae
C: pleospora oryzae (aka phaeosphaeria oryzae)
D: pleomonas oryzae (aka pleomorphomonas oryzae)
E: kosakonia oryzae (enterobacter oryzae) (aka kosakonia oryzae)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In particular, all A. oryzae strains investigated thus far have two or more copies of a gene encoding alpha-amylase, whereas A. flavus has only one.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. flavus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: petromyces flavus (aka aspergillus flavus)
B: agilicoccus flavus
C: aspergillus aureus
D: hyphococcus flavus
E: aspergillus aerius
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we investigate the duplications leading to these copies in three A. oryzae strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apodus oryzae
B: chitinophaga oryzae
C: nigrospora oryzae (monotospora oryzae) (aka nigrospora oryzae)
D: aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884 (aka aspergillus oryzae)
E: acinetobacter oryzae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although "unusual Mariners" of this size have previously been identified in A. oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans, this is the first evidence we know of that at least some of them are active in modern times and that their activity can contribute to beneficial genetic changes.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dickeya oryzae
B: apodus oryzae
C: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
D: azospirillum oryzae
E: hannaella oryzae (bullera oryzae) (aka hannaella oryzae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although "unusual Mariners" of this size have previously been identified in A. oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans, this is the first evidence we know of that at least some of them are active in modern times and that their activity can contribute to beneficial genetic changes.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
B: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
C: aspergillus asperus (aka aspergillus asper)
D: aspergillus aerius
E: aspergillus cerealis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although "unusual Mariners" of this size have previously been identified in A. oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans, this is the first evidence we know of that at least some of them are active in modern times and that their activity can contribute to beneficial genetic changes.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nassella nidulans
B: aphanothece nidulans
C: aspergillus tritici (aka aspergillus neotritici)
D: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
E: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Compatible interaction with its rice host leads to enhanced expression of the gamma subunit of oligosaccharyl transferase in the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'asian rice gall midge'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tabanus mesogaeus
B: grain gall midge (aka contarinia tritici)
C: gallinago megala
D: asian rice gall midge (aka orseolia oryzae)
E: morimus orientalis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Compatible interaction with its rice host leads to enhanced expression of the gamma subunit of oligosaccharyl transferase in the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orseolia oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: asian rice gall midge (aka orseolia oryzae)
B: phaeosphaeria oryzae (trematosphaerella oryzae) (aka phaeosphaeria oryzae)
C: pestalotiopsis oryzae
D: leeia oryzae
E: induratia oryzae (aka muscodor oryzae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae, is a fast evolving, damaging pest of rice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'asian rice gall midge'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: asian rice gall midge (aka orseolia oryzae)
B: gallinago megala
C: muscodor oryzae (induratia oryzae) (aka muscodor oryzae)
D: mytilicola orientalis
E: gemmiger gallinarum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae, is a fast evolving, damaging pest of rice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orseolia oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orseolia oryzae (asian rice gall midge) (aka orseolia oryzae)
B: induratia oryzae (aka muscodor oryzae)
C: zoogloea oryzae
D: kosakonia oryzae (enterobacter oryzae) (aka kosakonia oryzae)
E: shinella oryzae
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has 72% similarity to its orthologue cloned from Aedes aegypti.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
B: aedes malayi (aka culex malayi)
C: aedes flavopictus
D: culex atropalpus (aka aedes atropalpus)
E: aedes flavivirus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has 72% similarity to its orthologue cloned from Aedes aegypti.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex atropalpus (aka aedes atropalpus)
B: culex vittatus (aka aedes vittatus)
C: aedes flavivirus
D: aedes malayi (aka culex malayi)
E: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Development Time and Body Size in Eupolyphaga sinensis Along a Latitudinal Gradient From China.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eupolyphaga sinensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eupolyphaga sinensis
B: triops sinensis
C: epiophlebia sinensis
D: psechrus sinensis
E: paratylenchus sinensis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We examined the effects of various temperatures (of 22, 25, 28, and 31^0C) on development time, adult body size and preadult survivorship in three populations of the cockroach, Eupolyphaga sinensis (Walker), collected at different latitudes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eupolyphaga sinensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epiophlebia sinensis
B: eupolyphaga sinensis
C: endoclita sinensis (phassus sinensis) (aka endoclita sinensis)
D: petrocosmea sinensis
E: paratylenchus sinensis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We found substantial temperature-induced plasticity in development time, body size, and preadult survivorship, indicating that developmental temperatures have strong impacts on growth and life history traits of E. sinensis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. sinensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eggerthella sinensis
B: eimeria sinensis
C: oenanthe sinensis
D: eucheyletia sinensis
E: erioscyphella sinensis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, changes in development time, body size, and preadult survivorship in E. sinensis can all be regarded as adaptations to changing thermal regimes.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. sinensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paracerella sinensis
B: eimeria sinensis
C: eriocheir sinensis (eriocheir japonica sinensis) (aka eriocheir sinensis)
D: echinocatena sinensis
E: iron sinensis (aka epeorus sinensis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Tyrosine phosphorylation of actin during microcyst formation and germination in Polysphondylium pallidum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'polysphondylium pallidum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: diplazium pallidum
B: protium pallidum
C: heterostelium pallidum (polysphondylium pallidum) (aka heterostelium pallidum)
D: canalisporium pallidum
E: phaeoacremonium pallidum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'High osmolarity causes amoebae of the cellular slime mould Polysphondylium pallidum to individually encyst, forming microcysts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'polysphondylium pallidum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: diplazium pallidum
B: pterygosoma pallidum
C: heterostelium pallidum (polysphondylium pallidum) (aka heterostelium pallidum)
D: coleosporium pallidulum (aka pucciniosira pallidula)
E: pamphilius pallidus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, natural enemy diversity and abundance were expected to be greater in the southwestern U.S. C. adspersus and their larval parasitoids were collected from stems of four native sunflower species (Helianthus annuus, H. nuttallii, H. pauciflorus, and H. petiolaris) from 147 sites across eight states.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'helianthus annuus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helianthus tuberosus (jerusalem artichoke) (aka helianthus tuberosus)
B: helianthus carnosus
C: helianthus giganteus
D: helianthus longifolius
E: helianthus annuus (common sunflower) (aka helianthus annuus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, natural enemy diversity and abundance were expected to be greater in the southwestern U.S. C. adspersus and their larval parasitoids were collected from stems of four native sunflower species (Helianthus annuus, H. nuttallii, H. pauciflorus, and H. petiolaris) from 147 sites across eight states.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. nuttallii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stellaria nuttallii (aka mononeuria nuttallii)
B: helianthus nuttallii
C: rhexia nuttallii
D: rhipicentor nuttalli
E: lobelia nuttallii
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, natural enemy diversity and abundance were expected to be greater in the southwestern U.S. C. adspersus and their larval parasitoids were collected from stems of four native sunflower species (Helianthus annuus, H. nuttallii, H. pauciflorus, and H. petiolaris) from 147 sites across eight states.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. pauciflorus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: harveya pauciflora
B: phaseolus pauciflorus
C: halalkalicoccus paucihalophilus
D: helianthus pauciflorus
E: juncus pauciflorus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, natural enemy diversity and abundance were expected to be greater in the southwestern U.S. C. adspersus and their larval parasitoids were collected from stems of four native sunflower species (Helianthus annuus, H. nuttallii, H. pauciflorus, and H. petiolaris) from 147 sites across eight states.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. petiolaris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helianthus petiolaris subsp. petiolaris
B: helianthus petiolaris
C: palicourea petiolaris
D: helichrysum petiolare
E: justicia petiolaris
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, natural enemy diversity and abundance were expected to be greater in the southwestern U.S. C. adspersus and their larval parasitoids were collected from stems of four native sunflower species (Helianthus annuus, H. nuttallii, H. pauciflorus, and H. petiolaris) from 147 sites across eight states.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. petiolaris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: molinaea petiolaris
B: euphrasia petiolaris
C: hylaeorchis petiolaris (maxillaria petiolaris) (aka hylaeorchis petiolaris)
D: bourreria petiolaris (hilsenbergia petiolaris) (aka bourreria petiolaris)
E: stellaria petiolaris
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Native H. annuus constituted the majority of the sunflower populations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. annuus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helianthus hirsutus
B: common sunflower (aka helianthus annuus)
C: helianthus heterophyllus
D: heliconius hortense
E: helianthus tuberosus (jerusalem artichoke) (aka helianthus tuberosus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'C. adspersus in H. annuus and H. petiolaris were attacked by seven species of parasitoids.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. annuus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helichus
B: sunflowers (aka helianthus)
C: apium annuum
D: common sunflower (aka helianthus annuus)
E: helianthus strumosus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'C. adspersus in H. annuus and H. petiolaris were attacked by seven species of parasitoids.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. petiolaris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helianthus petiolaris
B: palicourea petiolaris
C: helianthus petiolaris subsp. petiolaris
D: stellaria petiolaris
E: holcopelte petiolata (aka horismenus petiolatus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No parasitoids were found attacking C. adspersus in H. nuttallii or H. pauciflorus stalks.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. nuttallii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stachys nuttallii
B: stellaria nuttallii (aka mononeuria nuttallii)
C: hemileuca nuttalli (pseudohazis nuttalli) (aka hemileuca nuttalli)
D: phalaenoptilus nuttallii (phalaenoptilus nuttalli) (aka phalaenoptilus nuttallii)
E: helianthus nuttallii
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No parasitoids were found attacking C. adspersus in H. nuttallii or H. pauciflorus stalks.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. pauciflorus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chisocheton pauciflorus
B: haladaptatus paucihalophilus
C: helianthus pauciflorus
D: hoya pauciflora
E: halalkalicoccus paucihalophilus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'C. adspersus were twice as likely to be attacked by a parasitoid when feeding on H. petiolaris than H. annuus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. petiolaris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: molinaea petiolaris
B: helichrysum petiolare
C: helianthus petiolaris
D: hakea petiolaris
E: erica petiolaris
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'C. adspersus were twice as likely to be attacked by a parasitoid when feeding on H. petiolaris than H. annuus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. annuus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sunflowers (aka helianthus)
B: helianthus pumilus
C: helianthus annuus (common sunflower) (aka helianthus annuus)
D: helianthus mollis
E: helianthus strumosus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Culture Independent Survey of the Microbiota of the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) Using 454 Pyrosequencing.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'glassy-winged sharpshooter'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malakichthys griseus
B: geotrechus gallicus (aka aphaenops gallicus)
C: sharp-shinned hawk (aka accipiter striatus)
D: sharpchin flyingfish (aka fodiator rostratus)
E: homalodisca vitripennis (glassy-winged sharpshooter) (aka homalodisca vitripennis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Culture Independent Survey of the Microbiota of the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) Using 454 Pyrosequencing.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'homalodisca vitripennis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aschistophleps vitripennis (pyrophleps vitripennis) (aka aschistophleps vitripennis)
B: stilbula vitripennis
C: musca (plaxemya) vitripennis (aka musca vitripennis)
D: synapha vitripennis
E: homalodisca coagulata (aka homalodisca vitripennis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is an invasive pest that has spread across the southern and western United States.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'glassy-winged sharpshooter'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: glassy-winged skipper (aka xenophanes tryxus)
B: red-winged fairywren (aka malurus elegans)
C: sharpchin flyingfish (aka fodiator rostratus)
D: geospizopsis unicolor (phrygilus unicolor) (aka geospizopsis unicolor)
E: homalodisca vitripennis (glassy-winged sharpshooter) (aka homalodisca vitripennis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is an invasive pest that has spread across the southern and western United States.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'glassy-winged sharpshooter'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sharpchin flyingfish (aka fodiator rostratus)
B: sharpe's grysbok (aka raphicerus sharpei)
C: yellow-bellied sapsucker (aka sphyrapicus varius)
D: glasshead grenadier (aka hymenocephalus italicus)
E: geospizopsis unicolor (phrygilus unicolor) (aka geospizopsis unicolor)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is an invasive pest that has spread across the southern and western United States.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'homalodisca vitripennis (germar)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heringia vitripennis (aka neocnemodon vitripennis)
B: dioctria hyalipennis (asilus hyalipennis) (aka dioctria hyalipennis)
C: homalodisca coagulata (aka homalodisca vitripennis)
D: tetramesa hyalipennis
E: marthamea vitripennis (perla vitripennis) (aka marthamea vitripennis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'H. vitripennis is highly polyphagous and voracious, feeding on at least 100 plant species and consuming up to 100 times its weight in xylem fluid daily.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. vitripennis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhopalopyx vitripennis
B: tettigonia vitripennis (aka homalodisca vitripennis)
C: marthamea vitripennis (perla vitripennis) (aka marthamea vitripennis)
D: heringia vitripennis (aka neocnemodon vitripennis)
E: stizus hyalipennis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The insect is a vector of the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Wells), which is the causative agent of Pierce's disease in grapevines.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'xylella fastidiosa (wells)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: xylella fastidiosa
B: xylella
C: uncultured xylella fastidiosa
D: xylella fastidiosa 9a5c
E: blastocatella fastidiosa
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate the microbial flora associated with H. vitripennis, total DNA extracts from hemolymph, alimentary canal excretions, and whole insect bodies were subjected to 16S rDNA pyrosequencing using the bTEFAP methodology and the resulting sequences (370-520 bp in length) were compared with a curated high quality 16S database derived from GenBank http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. vitripennis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: litophasia hyalipennis
B: tetramesa hyalipennis
C: tettigonia vitripennis (aka homalodisca vitripennis)
D: syrphus vitripennis
E: rhopalopyx vitripennis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species from the genera Wolbachia, Delftia (formerly Pseudomonas), Pectobacterium, Moraxella, Serratia, Bacillus, and many others were detected and a comprehensive picture of the microbiome associated with H. vitripennis was established.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. vitripennis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stilbula vitripennis
B: heringia vitripennis (aka neocnemodon vitripennis)
C: tettigonia vitripennis (aka homalodisca vitripennis)
D: litophasia hyalipennis
E: rhopalopyx vitripennis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Infection by Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases Natural Enemy Abundance on Tobacco (Nicotiana rustica).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'nicotiana rustica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana truncata
B: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
C: nicotiana excelsior
D: nicotiana rupicola
E: nicotiana heterantha
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using a completely randomized design, we compared the effect of two isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum W. N. Becker & Gerdemann on silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and parasitic wasp (Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'glomus etunicatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: glomus etunicatum w.n. becker & gerd., 1977 (aka entrophospora etunicata)
B: gloeothece tepidariorum (gloeocapsa tepidariorum) (aka gloeothece tepidariorum)
C: glomus achrum
D: eriocaulon odoratum
E: glomus iranicum (aka rhizophagus iranicus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using a completely randomized design, we compared the effect of two isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum W. N. Becker & Gerdemann on silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and parasitic wasp (Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silver leaf whitefly'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triportheus albus
B: sweet potato whitefly (aka bemisia tabaci)
C: bemisia argentifolii (silverleaf whitefly) (aka bemisia argentifolii)
D: australian sheep blowfly (aka lucilia cuprina)
E: gray-veined white butterfly (aka pieris melete)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using a completely randomized design, we compared the effect of two isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum W. N. Becker & Gerdemann on silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and parasitic wasp (Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bemisia argentifolii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bullinularia indica
B: beiselia mexicana
C: aleurodes tabaci (aka bemisia tabaci)
D: silverleaf whitefly (aka bemisia argentifolii)
E: bossiaea foliosa
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using a completely randomized design, we compared the effect of two isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum W. N. Becker & Gerdemann on silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and parasitic wasp (Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eretmocerus eremicus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eriogonum eremicum
B: eretmocerus eremicus
C: eretmocerus emiratus
D: eretmocerus mundus
E: eremnus cerealis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using a completely randomized design, we compared the effect of two isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum W. N. Becker & Gerdemann on silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and parasitic wasp (Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eretmocerus eremicus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eretmocerus
B: eremnus cerealis
C: andropogon eremicus (aka anatherum eremicum)
D: eretmocerus emiratus
E: eretmodus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interactions Between Extrafloral Nectaries, Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Other Natural Enemies Affect Biological Control of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Peach (Rosales: Rosaceae).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'grapholita molesta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: alternaria molesta
B: oriental peach moth (aka grapholita molesta)
C: peniophora molesta
D: solenopsis molesta
E: pholiota molesta
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interactions Between Extrafloral Nectaries, Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Other Natural Enemies Affect Biological Control of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Peach (Rosales: Rosaceae).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'peach'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lathyrus cicera (flat-pod pea) (aka lathyrus cicera)
B: peach (aka prunus persica)
C: poa palustris
D: peafowls (aka pavo)
E: yellow-flowered pea (aka lathyrus ochrus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This research examined the interactions between ants and other natural enemies associated with the EFNs of peach', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'peach'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erica plumosa
B: pacific pea (aka lathyrus vestitus)
C: sweet pea (aka lathyrus odoratus)
D: peach (aka prunus persica)
E: perennial-pea (aka lathyrus latifolius)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[Prunus persica (L.) Batcsh] and the implications for biological control of a key pest, the oriental fruit moth [Grapholita molesta (Busck)].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'prunus persica (l.) batcsh'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amygdalus persica (aka prunus persica)
B: prunus spinosa (prunus kurdica) (aka prunus spinosa)
C: prunus serotina (black cherry) (aka prunus serotina)
D: prunus arabica (amygdalus arabica) (aka prunus arabica)
E: prunus nigra (canada plum) (aka prunus nigra)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[Prunus persica (L.) Batcsh] and the implications for biological control of a key pest, the oriental fruit moth [Grapholita molesta (Busck)].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oriental fruit moth'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oriental fruit moth (aka grapholita molesta)
B: anastatus orientalis
C: apple weevil (aka anthonomus pomorum)
D: fall armyworm (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
E: rice weevil (aka sitophilus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[Prunus persica (L.) Batcsh] and the implications for biological control of a key pest, the oriental fruit moth [Grapholita molesta (Busck)].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'grapholita molesta (busck)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triodia molesta
B: solenopsis molesta
C: grapholita molesta (oriental peach moth) (aka grapholita molesta)
D: graphium megarus (papilio megarus) (aka graphium megarus)
E: agrocybe molesta (agaricus molestus) (aka agrocybe molesta)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies using sentinel G. molesta placed on peach trees ('Lovell' cultivar) with EFNs present and absent revealed that several natural enemy groups associated with the EFNs contribute to reductions in G. molesta eggs, larvae, and pupae in peach orchards.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. molesta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gmelina hystrix
B: genlisea glabra
C: grapholita molesta (oriental peach moth) (aka grapholita molesta)
D: stegasta variana
E: agrocybe molesta (agaricus molestus) (aka agrocybe molesta)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies using sentinel G. molesta placed on peach trees ('Lovell' cultivar) with EFNs present and absent revealed that several natural enemy groups associated with the EFNs contribute to reductions in G. molesta eggs, larvae, and pupae in peach orchards.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'peach'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perennial-pea (aka lathyrus latifolius)
B: peach (aka prunus persica)
C: meadow pea (aka lathyrus pratensis)
D: erica plumosa
E: yellow pea (aka lathyrus aphaca)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies using sentinel G. molesta placed on peach trees ('Lovell' cultivar) with EFNs present and absent revealed that several natural enemy groups associated with the EFNs contribute to reductions in G. molesta eggs, larvae, and pupae in peach orchards.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. molesta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrocybe molesta (agaricus molestus) (aka agrocybe molesta)
B: oriental fruit moth (aka grapholita molesta)
C: macroglossum gyrans
D: tabanus molestus
E: genlisea glabra
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ants on trees with EFNs antagonized the G. molesta egg parasitoid Trichogramma minutum (Riley), but the ants were crucial in reducing G. molesta in both the larval and pupal stages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trichogramma minutum (riley)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichogramma minutum (minute egg parasite) (aka trichogramma minutum)
B: scleronema minutum (trichomycterus minutus) (aka scleronema minutum)
C: raperostelium minutum (dictyostelium minutum) (aka raperostelium minutum)
D: shahulinema minutum
E: tinginotum minutum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ants on trees with EFNs antagonized the G. molesta egg parasitoid Trichogramma minutum (Riley), but the ants were crucial in reducing G. molesta in both the larval and pupal stages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trichogramma minutum (riley)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chasmomma minutum
B: bulbophyllum minutum
C: tylloma minutum (aka chaetanthera minuta)
D: tinginotum minutum
E: crepidomanes minutum (trichomanes minutum) (aka crepidomanes minutum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ants on trees with EFNs antagonized the G. molesta egg parasitoid Trichogramma minutum (Riley), but the ants were crucial in reducing G. molesta in both the larval and pupal stages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. molesta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gmelina hystrix
B: giant genet (aka genetta victoriae)
C: oriental fruit moth (aka grapholita molesta)
D: geosmithia granulata
E: grimmia molesta
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, the implications of EFN-natural enemy-pest interactions to orchard-level biological control will likely depend on local G. molesta population dynamics.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. molesta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: grimmia molesta
B: stegasta variana
C: cydia molesta (aka grapholita molesta)
D: giant genet (aka genetta victoriae)
E: grapholitha molesta
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Durable resistance to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint; anamorph Spilocaea pomi Fries) is one of the major goals of apple (Malus) breeding programs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apple'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malus coronaria (pyrus coronaria) (aka malus coronaria)
B: european crab apple (aka malus sylvestris)
C: cutleaf crab apple (aka malus toringoides)
D: malus
E: malus pumila var. domestica (aka malus domestica)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Durable resistance to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint; anamorph Spilocaea pomi Fries) is one of the major goals of apple (Malus) breeding programs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'venturia inaequalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: clavaria inaequalis
B: sarcophaga inaequalis
C: davallia inaequalis (aka saccoloma inaequale)
D: sphaerella inaequalis (aka venturia inaequalis)
E: anabaena inaequalis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Durable resistance to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint; anamorph Spilocaea pomi Fries) is one of the major goals of apple (Malus) breeding programs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'spilocaea pomi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spirosoma pomorum
B: spilocaea pomi (aka venturia inaequalis)
C: sicya pomona
D: sphaerella pomi (aka mycosphaerella pomi)
E: melonis pompilioides
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Durable resistance to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint; anamorph Spilocaea pomi Fries) is one of the major goals of apple (Malus) breeding programs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apple'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malus pumila (paradise apple) (aka malus pumila)
B: prickly custard apple (aka annona muricata)
C: malus communis (aka malus domestica)
D: cutleaf crab apple (aka malus toringoides)
E: malus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'While the genomic organization of apple scab resistance genes has been studied extensively, little is known about the avirulence genes in the pathogen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apple'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malus pumila (paradise apple) (aka malus pumila)
B: malus pumila var. domestica (aka malus domestica)
C: custard apple (aka annona cherimola)
D: european crab apple (aka malus sylvestris)
E: malus melliana
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The progeny of a cross of European V. inaequalis race (1) isolate EU-B04 and race (1,2,8,9) isolate 1639 was used to generate a genetic map based on microsatellite and AFLP markers, and investigated for inheritance of avirulence traits on 20 Malus accessions representing 17 scab resistance genes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'v. inaequalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ramalina inaequalis
B: veillonella orientalis
C: vibrio algivorus
D: xanthodius inaequalis
E: venturia inaequalis (sphaerella inaequalis) (aka venturia inaequalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The accessions comprised scab differential hosts (0), (1), (2), (8), and (9), and hosts carrying known as well as not previously reported secondary resistance genes, including some identified in crosses that have resistant accessions 'Geneva', 'Dolgo', Malus baccata jackii, M. micromalus, or 'Antonovka' in their pedigree.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'malus baccata jackii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malus fusca (oregon crabapple) (aka malus fusca)
B: malus halliana
C: malus sargentii
D: malus baccata (shan jing zi) (aka malus baccata)
E: torreya jackii
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The accessions comprised scab differential hosts (0), (1), (2), (8), and (9), and hosts carrying known as well as not previously reported secondary resistance genes, including some identified in crosses that have resistant accessions 'Geneva', 'Dolgo', Malus baccata jackii, M. micromalus, or 'Antonovka' in their pedigree.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. micromalus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: microtrochalus
B: micromartinia
C: drosophila micromyia
D: methion melas
E: malus micromalus (malus x micromalus) (aka malus micromalus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The accessions comprised scab differential hosts (0), (1), (2), (8), and (9), and hosts carrying known as well as not previously reported secondary resistance genes, including some identified in crosses that have resistant accessions 'Geneva', 'Dolgo', Malus baccata jackii, M. micromalus, or 'Antonovka' in their pedigree.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. micromalus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rogeria micromma
B: micrommata
C: monomorium micrommaton
D: micromartinia
E: micromys
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparative Impact of Artificial Selection for Fungicide Resistance on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'beauveria bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria neobassiana
B: bassiana
C: beauveria majiangensis
D: beauveria bassiana bb 9205
E: penicillium bassianum (aka beauveria bassiana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparative Impact of Artificial Selection for Fungicide Resistance on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'metarhizium brunneum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium baoshanense
B: metarhizium brunneum
C: dendrobium brunneum
D: metarhizium anisopliae (metschn.) sorokin, 1883 (aka metarhizium anisopliae)
E: malobidion brunneum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hypocreales fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium brunneum Petch can be negatively affected by fungicides thereby reducing their biocontrol potential.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'beauveria bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria asiatica
B: penicillium bassianum (aka beauveria bassiana)
C: beauveria thailandica
D: beauveria pseudobassiana
E: beauveria sinensis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hypocreales fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium brunneum Petch can be negatively affected by fungicides thereby reducing their biocontrol potential.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'metarhizium brunneum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium album arsef 1941
B: metarhizium hybridum
C: metarhizium niveum
D: barbarochthon brunneum
E: metarhizium brunneum
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In a previous study, we demonstrated enhanced fungicide resistance in B. bassiana through artificial selection.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: blakistonia bassi
B: beauveria bassiana (beauveria bassiana var. bassiana) (aka beauveria bassiana)
C: bassia iranica (aka bassia odontoptera)
D: beauveria oryzae (aka tritirachium oryzae)
E: beauveria bassiana d1-5
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, the enhanced fungicide resistance has only been demonstrated in B. bassiana, and therefore it is of interest to investigate the potential to enhance resistance in other fungi.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spicaria bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
B: monarda bradburiana
C: beauveria pseudobassiana
D: bassiana
E: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, the objectives in this study were to determine the potential to enhance fungicide resistance in M. brunneum through artificial selection, and investigate if selection is based on germination, vegetative growth, or both in B. bassiana and M. brunneum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. brunneum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium brunneum
B: bombella mellum
C: dendrobium brunneum
D: myrmicaria brunnea
E: mycoplasma gallisepticum (aka mycoplasmoides gallisepticum)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, the objectives in this study were to determine the potential to enhance fungicide resistance in M. brunneum through artificial selection, and investigate if selection is based on germination, vegetative growth, or both in B. bassiana and M. brunneum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bassiana
B: beauveria bassiana var. bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
C: beauveria pseudobassiana
D: boraria infesta
E: monarda bradburiana
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, the objectives in this study were to determine the potential to enhance fungicide resistance in M. brunneum through artificial selection, and investigate if selection is based on germination, vegetative growth, or both in B. bassiana and M. brunneum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. brunneum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malobidion brunneum
B: metarhizium brunneum polymycovirus 1
C: metarhizium brunneum
D: mucor brunneolus
E: penicillium brunneum (aka talaromyces brunneus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Selection resulted in increased resistance to fenbuconazole in both fungi in solid and liquid media; in liquid culture fungicide resistance in B. bassiana was manifested by increased germination and mycelial growth, whereas in M. brunneum fungicide resistance concerned only mycelial growth.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cordyceps bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
B: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
C: bassiana
D: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
E: beauveria pseudobassiana
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Selection resulted in increased resistance to fenbuconazole in both fungi in solid and liquid media; in liquid culture fungicide resistance in B. bassiana was manifested by increased germination and mycelial growth, whereas in M. brunneum fungicide resistance concerned only mycelial growth.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
B: bassia iranica (aka bassia odontoptera)
C: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
D: burkholderia diffusa
E: bassiana
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Selection resulted in increased resistance to fenbuconazole in both fungi in solid and liquid media; in liquid culture fungicide resistance in B. bassiana was manifested by increased germination and mycelial growth, whereas in M. brunneum fungicide resistance concerned only mycelial growth.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. brunneum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mycoplasma gallisepticum (aka mycoplasmoides gallisepticum)
B: tuber brunneum
C: mucor brunneolus
D: obrium brunneum
E: metarhizium brunneum
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For B. bassiana, triphenyltin hydroxide resistance was enhanced on solid media but not in liquid, whereas enhanced resistance of M. brunneum was detected in both media.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: botrytis bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
B: beauveria bassiana d1-5
C: burkholderia diffusa
D: caballeronia insecticola (burkholderia insecticola) (aka caballeronia insecticola)
E: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For B. bassiana, triphenyltin hydroxide resistance was enhanced on solid media but not in liquid, whereas enhanced resistance of M. brunneum was detected in both media.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. brunneum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mycoplasma gallisepticum (aka mycoplasmoides gallisepticum)
B: metarhizium brunneum
C: barbarochthon brunneum
D: dendrobium brunneum
E: myrmicaria brunnea
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, reduced virulence to the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), was observed in all fungal populations that were exposed to fungicide resistance regimes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'greater wax moth'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: little honeybee (aka apis florea)
B: fall armyworm (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
C: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
D: greater wax moth (aka galleria mellonella)
E: bombella mellum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, reduced virulence to the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), was observed in all fungal populations that were exposed to fungicide resistance regimes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'galleria mellonella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
B: melogona gallica (chordeuma gallicum) (aka melogona gallica)
C: galleria mellonella (phalaena mellonella) (aka galleria mellonella)
D: gallinago nigripennis
E: gallotia galloti galloti (lacerta galloti galloti) (aka gallotia galloti galloti)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We conclude that it is possible to use genetic selection to enhance fungicide resistance in B. bassiana and M. brunneum, but before use the resulting populations should be screened for inadvertent negative impacts on beneficial traits.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
B: monarda bradburiana
C: blakistonia bassi
D: beauveria bassiana d1-5
E: beauveria bassiana var. bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
F: None of the above. | E |
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