instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'The impact of the B-biotype on the agro eco system appears to be widespread, and involves the ability to compete with and perhaps replace other phytophages like T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma vinosum (hypocrea vinosa) (aka trichoderma vinosum)
B: trichoderma viride (trichoderma lignorum) (aka trichoderma viride)
C: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: trichoderma texanum
E: trichoderma botryosum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To test this hypothesis, alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in the B-biotype and T. vaporariorum after feeding on a number of different hosts for a range of durations, with and without host switching.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tetratoma fungorum
B: cymindis vaporariorum
C: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: tabanus thermarum
E: trichoderma restrictum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma botryosum
B: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
C: trichoderma tomentosum
D: trichoderma texanum
E: fusarium temperatum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cymindis vaporariorum
B: fusarium torreyae
C: trichoderma vinosum (hypocrea vinosa) (aka trichoderma vinosum)
D: trichoderma hortense
E: tetratoma fungorum
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
B: solanum mammosum
C: peruvian tomato (aka solanum peruvianum)
D: lycopersicon chilense (aka solanum chilense)
E: solanum ipomoeoides
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum dioicum
B: solanum putii
C: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
D: solanum mammosum
E: lycopersicon chilense (aka solanum chilense)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotton'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: american cotton (aka gossypium hirsutum)
B: cottonia
C: gossypium
D: gossypium barbosanum
E: cotton aphid (aka aphis gossypii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cabbage'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cabbage white (aka pieris rapae)
B: cabbage (aka brassica oleracea var. capitata)
C: cabbage fly (aka delia brassica)
D: ethiopian mustard (aka brassica carinata)
E: brassica oleracea (wild cabbage) (aka brassica oleracea)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was 1.40 to 3.35-fold higher than that of T. vaporariorum when the host switching time was -72', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium torreyae
B: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
C: trichoderma vinosum (hypocrea vinosa) (aka trichoderma vinosum)
D: trichoderma viride (trichoderma lignorum) (aka trichoderma viride)
E: fusarium temperatum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'After -120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum latifolium
B: solanum mammosum
C: solanum taitense
D: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
E: solanum hirtum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'After -120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotton'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gossypium
B: cotton aphid (aka aphis gossypii)
C: american cotton (aka gossypium hirsutum)
D: cottonia
E: gossypium pilosum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'After -120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium temperatum
B: fusarium torreyae
C: trichoderma viride (trichoderma lignorum) (aka trichoderma viride)
D: cymindis vaporariorum
E: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was shown that alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma texanum
B: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
C: trichoderma tomentosum
D: xylaria vaporaria
E: cymindis vaporariorum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was shown that alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium toxicum
B: trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
C: trichoderma viride (trichoderma lignorum) (aka trichoderma viride)
D: thozetella fabacearum
E: trichoderma texanum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was shown that alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tetratoma fungorum
B: trichoderma botryosum
C: trichoderma restrictum
D: trichoderma viridarium
E: cymindis vaporariorum
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Tortricid moths reared from the invasive weed Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata, with comments on their host specificity, biology, geographic distribution, and systematics.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mexican palo verde'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phlebopus mexicanus
B: roldana mexicana
C: poecilia mexicana mexicana
D: mexican paloverde (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
E: texas paloverde (aka parkinsonia texana)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Tortricid moths reared from the invasive weed Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata, with comments on their host specificity, biology, geographic distribution, and systematics.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parkinsonia aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thelephora aculeata (aka podoscypha aculeata)
B: phlox aculeata
C: pereskia aculeata
D: espinillo (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
E: phanerochaete aculeata
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As part of efforts to identify native herbivores of Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), as potential biological control agents against this invasive weed in Australia, ten species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) were reared from Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela:', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mexican palo verde'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: piruna aea mexicana
B: ensiculifera mexicana
C: mexican paloverde (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
D: poritia palos
E: texas paloverde (aka parkinsonia texana)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As part of efforts to identify native herbivores of Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), as potential biological control agents against this invasive weed in Australia, ten species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) were reared from Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela:', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parkinsonia aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pedionis aculeata
B: phlox aculeata
C: pisonia aculeata
D: espinillo (aka parkinsonia aculeata)
E: diospyros aculeata
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Amorbia concavana (Zeller), Platynota rostrana (Walker), Platynota helianthes (Meyrick), Platynota stultana Walsingham (all Tortricinae: Sparganothini), Rudenia leguminana (Busck), Cochylis sp. (both Tortricinae: Cochylini), Ofatulena duodecemstriata (Walsingham), O. luminosa Heinrich, Ofatulena sp. (all Olethreutinae: Grapholitini), and Crocidosema lantana Busck (Olethreutinae: Eucosmini).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'platynota stultana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: platynota stultana
B: platytheca verticillata
C: botys stultalis (aka herpetogramma stultalis)
D: spixia popana
E: platydracus tomentosus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These are the first documented records of P. aculeata as a host plant for all but O. luminosa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pennatula aculeata
B: aspidisca aculeata
C: zapoteca aculeata (calliandra aculeata) (aka zapoteca aculeata)
D: phlox aculeata
E: ipomoea aculeata
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ofatulena luminosa is possibly host specific on P. aculeata.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aculeata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: psoralea aculeata
B: pereskia aculeata
C: zapoteca aculeata (calliandra aculeata) (aka zapoteca aculeata)
D: aphrodita aculeata
E: phlox aculeata
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A review of the implications of heterozygosity and inbreeding on germplasm biodiversity and its conservation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fall armyworm (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
B: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
C: bombus hortorum (apis hortorum) (aka bombus hortorum)
D: silk moth (aka bombyx mori)
E: bombycidae (silkworm moths) (aka bombycidae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A review of the implications of heterozygosity and inbreeding on germplasm biodiversity and its conservation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx
B: bombus maxillosus
C: phalaena mori (aka bombyx mori)
D: bombus pomorum (bremus pomorum) (aka bombus pomorum)
E: bombus muscorum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract Silkworm genebanks assume paramount importance as the reservoirs of biodiversity and source of alleles that can be easily retrieved for genetic enhancement of popular breeds.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild silkworm (aka bombyx mandarina)
B: apis hortorum (aka bombus hortorum)
C: apis morio (aka bombus morio)
D: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
E: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Abstract Silkworm genebanks assume paramount importance as the reservoirs of biodiversity and source of alleles that can be easily retrieved for genetic enhancement of popular breeds.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus hortorum (apis hortorum) (aka bombus hortorum)
B: fall armyworm (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
C: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
D: bombyx
E: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'More than 4000 Bombyx mori L (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) strains are currently available and these strains are maintained through continuous sibling mating.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori l'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus morio (apis morio) (aka bombus morio)
B: silk moth (aka bombyx mori)
C: bombella mellum
D: bombyx ramosa (aka callierges ramosa)
E: bombyx
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is essential to maintain a minimal degree of heterozygosity within the population of each silkworm strain, especially in the traditional geographic strains, to avoid such loss.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fall armyworm (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
B: cotton bollworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
C: wild silkworm (aka bombyx mandarina)
D: bombyx
E: silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a result, accurate estimation of genetic diversity is becoming more important in silkworm genetic resources conservation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
B: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
C: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
D: silkworm moths (aka bombycidae)
E: silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since a minimal amount of heterozygosity in each silkworm strain is essential for better conservation by avoiding inbreeding depression, this article overviews both theoretical and practical importance of heterozygosity together with impacts of inbreeding depression and the merits and demerits of neutral molecular markers for measurements of both heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
B: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
C: bombus morio (apis morio) (aka bombus morio)
D: bombyx fusca (aka pygmaena fusca)
E: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since a minimal amount of heterozygosity in each silkworm strain is essential for better conservation by avoiding inbreeding depression, this article overviews both theoretical and practical importance of heterozygosity together with impacts of inbreeding depression and the merits and demerits of neutral molecular markers for measurements of both heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
B: bombyx
C: spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
D: apis hortorum (aka bombus hortorum)
E: silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since a minimal amount of heterozygosity in each silkworm strain is essential for better conservation by avoiding inbreeding depression, this article overviews both theoretical and practical importance of heterozygosity together with impacts of inbreeding depression and the merits and demerits of neutral molecular markers for measurements of both heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
B: bombyx
C: bombus simillimus
D: branchiomma bombyx (amphitrite bombyx) (aka branchiomma bombyx)
E: bombus jacobsoni (aka bombus lucorum)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here the characteristics of nonjunctional hemichannels were examined in three lepidopteran cell types, two cell lines (High Five and Sf9) and explanted hemocytes from Heliothis virescens (Fabricius)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliothis punctigera (aka helicoverpa punctigera)
B: meenocixius virescens
C: hepialus virescens (aka aenetus virescens)
D: helicoverpa virescens (aka heliothis virescens)
E: triptila virescens (tomopteryx virescens) (aka triptila virescens)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First description of the early stage biology of the genus Mygona: the natural history of the satyrine butterfly, Mygona irmina in eastern Ecuador.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mygona irmina'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myiagra inquieta (turdus inquietus) (aka myiagra inquieta)
B: pronophila irmina (aka mygona irmina)
C: mythimna iodochra (aletia iodochra) (aka mythimna iodochra)
D: heterochroa irmina (aka adelpha irmina)
E: myllaena arcana
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The immature stages and natural history of Mygona irmina Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Pronophilina) from northeastern Ecuadorian cloud forests are described based on 17 rearings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mygona irmina'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myiotriccus ornatus (tyrannula ornata) (aka myiotriccus ornatus)
B: myllaena intermedia
C: myiagra atra (biak flycatcher) (aka myiagra atra)
D: mygona irmina (pronophila irmina) (aka mygona irmina)
E: golden myna (aka mino anais)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The dwarf bamboo, Chusquea c.f. scandens Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoidea) is the larval food plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chusquea c.f. scandens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chusqueaspis
B: chusquea scandens (nastus chusque) (aka chusquea scandens)
C: chusquea subtilis
D: chusquea mayrae
E: chuquiraga
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The dwarf bamboo, Chusquea c.f. scandens Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoidea) is the larval food plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chusquea c.f. scandens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chusquea gracilis
B: chusquea subtilis
C: chusquea circinata
D: chusquea latifolia
E: chuquiraga
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These possibilities were evaluated by offering different sized artificial caterpillars with either fixed or proportionally increasing aposematic color signal elements to wild great tits, Parus major L. (Passeriformes: Paridae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'great tits'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: great tit (aka parus major)
B: grey-throated tit (aka aegithalos annamensis)
C: blue tit (aka cyanistes caeruleus)
D: tityus
E: grey tit (aka melaniparus afer)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These possibilities were evaluated by offering different sized artificial caterpillars with either fixed or proportionally increasing aposematic color signal elements to wild great tits, Parus major L. (Passeriformes: Paridae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parus major l.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sparus major (aka pagrus major)
B: parus cinereus (parus major cinereus) (aka parus cinereus)
C: arhopala major (narathura major) (aka arhopala major)
D: great tit (aka parus major)
E: polygraphus major
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Post-egression host tissue feeding is another strategy of host regulation by the Koinobiont wasp, Toxoneuron nigriceps.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'toxoneuron nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
B: oxytelus nigriceps
C: tantilla nigriceps (plains blackhead snake) (aka tantilla nigriceps)
D: nasutitermes nigriceps
E: zelomorpha nigriceps
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One species, the endoparasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), exhibits the unusual behavior of egressing before initiating tissue predation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'toxoneuron nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thryothorus nigricapillus
B: turdus nigriceps
C: telescopus nigriceps (tarbophis nigriceps) (aka telescopus nigriceps)
D: nasutitermes nigriceps
E: cardiochiles nigriceps (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These third instar T. nigriceps larvae show a significant increase in body size and mass after post-egression feeding.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
B: telescopus nigriceps (tarbophis nigriceps) (aka telescopus nigriceps)
C: pareas nigriceps
D: orthotomus nigriceps
E: pantonyssus nigriceps
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through this project the importance of post-egression feeding in the development of T. nigriceps in its host the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has been evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thamnophilus nigriceps
B: pantonyssus nigriceps
C: cardiochiles nigriceps (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
D: thrips nigropilosus
E: eucera nigriceps (tetraloniella nigriceps) (aka eucera nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through this project the importance of post-egression feeding in the development of T. nigriceps in its host the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has been evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco budworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tobacco budworm (aka heliothis virescens)
B: tabanus virgulatus
C: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
D: bombus nevadensis
E: tobacco hornworm (aka manduca sexta)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through this project the importance of post-egression feeding in the development of T. nigriceps in its host the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has been evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliothis virescens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helicoverpa virescens (aka heliothis virescens)
B: hemiselmis virescens
C: heliothrips sylvanus
D: temnoscheila virescens (temnochila virescens) (aka temnoscheila virescens)
E: heliothis zea (aka helicoverpa zea)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study was conducted by preventing the egressed third instar T. nigriceps larvae from feeding on host tissue and observing whether they could undergo further development.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: todirostrum nigriceps
B: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
C: telescopus nigriceps (tarbophis nigriceps) (aka telescopus nigriceps)
D: pareas nigriceps
E: thryothorus nigricapillus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is concluded that post-egression host tissue feeding is essential for the normal development of T. nigriceps, as the prevention of feeding resulted in significantly lighter and smaller larvae, cocoons, and adults as well as deformed adults and reduced adult survival.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tantilla nigriceps (plains blackhead snake) (aka tantilla nigriceps)
B: thrips nigropilosus
C: oxytelus nigriceps
D: serinus nigriceps
E: toxoneuron nigriceps (cardiochiles nigriceps) (aka toxoneuron nigriceps)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is concluded that post-egression host tissue feeding is essential for the normal development of T. nigriceps, as the prevention of feeding resulted in significantly lighter and smaller larvae, cocoons, and adults as well as deformed adults and reduced adult survival.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. nigriceps'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turdus nigriceps
B: serinus nigriceps
C: pareas nigriceps
D: thamnophilus nigriceps
E: bradycellus nigriceps
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Entomopathogenic fungi were collected from soil in four adjacent habitats (oak forest, agricultural soil, pine reforestation and chaparral habitat) in Saltillo, Mexico using the insect bait method with Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as bait.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tenebrio molitor'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: batis molitor
B: tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) (aka tenebrio molitor)
C: bactrocera infesta (aka zeugodacus infestus)
D: maxillaria molitor
E: tenebrio molitor densovirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and 1 (0.1%) hosted lsaria (=Paecilomyces) sp. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'beauveria bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria australis
B: cordyceps bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
C: beauveria neobassiana
D: bassiana
E: beauveria velata
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and 1 (0.1%) hosted lsaria (=Paecilomyces) sp. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'metarhizium anisopliae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: penicillium anisopliae (aka metarhizium anisopliae)
B: metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (aka metarhizium acridum)
C: metarhizium hybridum
D: metarhizium majus (metarhizium anisopliae var. majus) (aka metarhizium majus)
E: metarhizium anisopliae brip 53293
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, of the larvae exposed to soil, 171 (20%) hosted Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) hosted Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and 1 (0.1%) hosted lsaria (=Paecilomyces) sp. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lsaria (=paecilomyces) sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: laccaria sp.
B: sphaeroderma sp.
C: sangariola sp.
D: paenibacillus sp.
E: lyomyces sp.
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. bassiana was significantly more frequent on larvae exposed to oak forest soil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: penicillium bassianum (aka beauveria bassiana)
B: monarda bradburiana
C: beauveria pseudobassiana
D: bassiana
E: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'M. anisopliae was significantly more frequent on larvae exposed to agricultural soil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. anisopliae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium anisopliae var. majus (aka metarhizium majus)
B: metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (aka metarhizium acridum)
C: metarhizium anisopliae polymycovirus 1
D: miconia anisotricha (melastoma anisotrichon) (aka miconia anisotricha)
E: entomophthora anisopliae (aka metarhizium anisopliae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains were tested for their infectivity against Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuban laurel thrips'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: corn hopper (aka peregrinus maidis)
B: thraululus parvulus (aka choroterpes parvula)
C: thrips australis
D: thrips decens
E: bombyx thrips (aka paracossulus thrips)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains were tested for their infectivity against Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'greenhouse whitefly'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: black horsefly (aka tabanus atratus)
B: rice weevil (aka sitophilus oryzae)
C: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
D: cotton bollworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
E: white butterfly (aka pieris brassicae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains were tested for their infectivity against Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trialeurodes vaporariorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cymindis vaporariorum
B: trialeurodes
C: toxeus maxillosus
D: antrodia odora (aka tyromyces odorus)
E: greenhouse whitefly (aka trialeurodes vaporariorum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. bassiana isolates caused the highest mortality on thrips (some causing 88% mortality after 6 days); both fungal species caused similarly high mortality levels against whiteflies (75%) after 6 days.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
B: blakistonia bassi
C: botrytis bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
D: burkholderia diffusa
E: beauveria bassiana d1-5
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. bassiana isolates caused the highest mortality on thrips (some causing 88% mortality after 6 days); both fungal species caused similarly high mortality levels against whiteflies (75%) after 6 days.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
B: bassia iranica (aka bassia odontoptera)
C: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
D: begonia boisiana
E: beauveria bassiana d1-5
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Large amounts of germplasm of entomopathogenic fungi, fundamentally B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, exist in the habitats sampled; pathogenicity varied among strains, and some strains possessed significant virulence.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria oryzae (aka tritirachium oryzae)
B: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
C: monarda bradburiana
D: bassia diffusa (aka chenolea diffusa)
E: botrytis bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Large amounts of germplasm of entomopathogenic fungi, fundamentally B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, exist in the habitats sampled; pathogenicity varied among strains, and some strains possessed significant virulence.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. anisopliae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metarhizium robertsii
B: metarhizium neoanisopliae
C: mycoplasma fermentans (aka mycoplasmopsis fermentans)
D: metarhizium anisopliae polymycovirus 1
E: penicillium anisopliae (aka metarhizium anisopliae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcript analysis and comparative evaluation of shaker and slowmo gene homologues from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'european corn borer'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrotera citrina
B: european corn borer (aka ostrinia nubilalis)
C: agrococcus terreus
D: agromyces terreus
E: agrococcus citreus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcript analysis and comparative evaluation of shaker and slowmo gene homologues from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ostrinia nubilalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oxytenis nubila
B: nephodia nubilaria
C: ostrinia orientalis
D: pyrausta nubilalis (aka ostrinia nubilalis)
E: schistostege nubilaria
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Homologues of the Drosophila behaviour-linked genes shaker (shkr) and slowmo (slmo) were identified from Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ostrinia nubilalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: otiorhynchus nubilus
B: ostrinia nubilalis (european corn borer) (aka ostrinia nubilalis)
C: ostrinia orientalis
D: parascutigera nubila
E: trichia nubila
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Marek's disease virus type 1 microRNA miR-M3 suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting Smad2 of the transforming growth factor beta signal pathway.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'marek's disease virus type 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marek's disease herpesvirus 2 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 3)
B: gallid herpesvirus 1 (serotype 2) (aka marek's disease virus serotype 2 mdv2)
C: marek's disease virus mdv1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
D: marek's disease-like viruses (aka mardivirus)
E: marek's disease gammaherpesvirus mkt-1
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Viruses cause about 15% of the cancers that are still the leading causes of human mortality.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cardium humanum (aka glossus humanus)
B: great apes (aka hominidae)
C: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: carcharhinus humani
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'marek's disease virus 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marek's disease gammaherpesvirus mkt-1
B: mardivirus (marek's disease-like viruses) (aka mardivirus)
C: marek's disease virus type 2 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 3)
D: gallid herpesvirus 1 (serotype 2) (aka marek's disease virus serotype 2 mdv2)
E: marek's disease virus type 1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mdv1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marr virus
B: marek's disease virus type 1 mdv1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
C: middelburg virus (middleburg virus) (aka middelburg virus)
D: marten adenovirus type 1
E: medway virus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: green junglefowl (aka gallus varius)
B: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
C: wild turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
D: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
E: gray junglefowl (aka gallus sonneratii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallorhynchus
B: gallacoccus
C: arilus gallus
D: gallus gallus philippensis (aka gallus gallus gallus)
E: gallasellus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute T-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumors in chickens, on anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis and identify the targets of the miRNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chickens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
B: arilus gallus
C: green junglefowl (aka gallus varius)
D: gallacoccus
E: gallasellus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results showed that of the total 14 miRNAs encoded by MDV1, MDV1-miR-M3 significantly promoted cell survival under treatment with cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mdv1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marek's disease virus (mdv) (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
B: human mastadenovirus 1 (aka human adenovirus 1)
C: middelburg virus (middleburg virus) (aka middelburg virus)
D: murine adenovirus type 1 mav1 (aka murine adenovirus 1)
E: mdv1 (aka maryland calicivirus 1) (aka maryland calicivirus 1)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results showed that of the total 14 miRNAs encoded by MDV1, MDV1-miR-M3 significantly promoted cell survival under treatment with cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mdv1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marek disease virus type 1 (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
B: murine adenovirus 1 (murine adenovirus type 1 mav1) (aka murine adenovirus 1)
C: mdv1 (aka maryland calicivirus 1) (aka maryland calicivirus 1)
D: medway virus
E: middelburg virus (middleburg virus) (aka middelburg virus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'MDV1-miR-M3 suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis by directly downregulating expression at the protein but not the mRNA level of Smad2, a critical component in the transforming growth factor Beta signal pathway.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mdv1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: maryland virus 1 (aka maryland calicivirus 1)
B: marek's disease virus (mdv) (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
C: marr virus
D: human mastadenovirus 1 (aka human adenovirus 1)
E: medway virus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Differentially expressed genes in silkworm cell cultures in response to infection by Wolbachia and Cardinium endosymbionts.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild silkworm (aka bombyx mandarina)
B: bombyx
C: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
D: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
E: bombyx timon (aka pygaera timon)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we studied differentially expressed genes in Wolbachia- and Cardinium-infected Bm-aff3 silkworm cells using a silkworm microarray.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
B: bombycidae (silkworm moths) (aka bombycidae)
C: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
D: wild silkworm (aka bombyx mandarina)
E: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we studied differentially expressed genes in Wolbachia- and Cardinium-infected Bm-aff3 silkworm cells using a silkworm microarray.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkworm'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
B: wild silkworm (aka bombyx mandarina)
C: bombus hortorum (apis hortorum) (aka bombus hortorum)
D: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
E: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We present the characterization of the PEVK domain in two dragonflies and in human lice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human lice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human lice (aka pediculus humanus)
B: bird lice (aka philopteridae)
C: human body lice (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
D: licinus
E: guinea pig lice (aka gyropidae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'T cell-mediated protection against lethal 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in a mouse model.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lethal 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/england/742/2009(h1n1))
B: influenza b virus (b/california/02/2009)
C: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
D: influenza b virus (b/california/108/2015)
E: influenza a virus (a/australia/4/2009(h1n1))
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genetic mutation and reassortment of influenza virus gene segments, in particular those of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), that lead to antigenic drift and shift are the major strategies for influenza virus to escape preexisting immunity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
B: influenzavirus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
C: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
D: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
E: swine influenza virus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genetic mutation and reassortment of influenza virus gene segments, in particular those of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), that lead to antigenic drift and shift are the major strategies for influenza virus to escape preexisting immunity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
B: influenza c virus (influenza virus type c) (aka influenza c virus)
C: equine influenza virus
D: influenzavirus c (aka gammainfluenzavirus)
E: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genetic mutation and reassortment of influenza virus gene segments, in particular those of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), that lead to antigenic drift and shift are the major strategies for influenza virus to escape preexisting immunity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
B: influenza c viruses (aka influenza c virus)
C: influenzavirus c (aka gammainfluenzavirus)
D: flubv (aka influenza b virus)
E: avian influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The most recent example of such phenomena is the first pandemic of H1N1 influenza of the 21st century, which started in 2009.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h1n1 influenza'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza c virus (influenza virus type c) (aka influenza c virus)
B: h1n1 swine influenza virus
C: swine influenza virus
D: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
E: influenza a virus (a/china)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cross-reactive antibodies raised against H1N1 viruses circulating before 1930 show protective activity against the 2009 pandemic virus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h1n1 viruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
B: influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
C: influenza b virus (influenza virus type b) (aka influenza b virus)
D: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
E: influenzavirus b (aka betainfluenzavirus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cross-reactive antibodies raised against H1N1 viruses circulating before 1930 show protective activity against the 2009 pandemic virus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to '2009 pandemic virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/california/7/2009(h1n1))
B: influenza a virus (a/singapore/07/2009(h1n1))
C: influenza b virus (b/california/01/2009)
D: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
E: influenza b virus (b/california/11/2015)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To explore the protection mechanisms in vivo, we primed mice with H1 and H3 influenza virus isolates and rechallenged them with a virus derived from the 2009 H1N1 A/CA/04/09 virus, named CA/E3/09.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: h11n3 subtype
B: h1n9 subtype
C: h1n8 subtype
D: h11n2 subtype
E: h11n4 subtype
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To explore the protection mechanisms in vivo, we primed mice with H1 and H3 influenza virus isolates and rechallenged them with a virus derived from the 2009 H1N1 A/CA/04/09 virus, named CA/E3/09.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h3 influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
B: influenza c viruses (aka influenza c virus)
C: swine influenza virus
D: fluav (aka influenza a virus)
E: influenza a virus (a/china)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To explore the protection mechanisms in vivo, we primed mice with H1 and H3 influenza virus isolates and rechallenged them with a virus derived from the 2009 H1N1 A/CA/04/09 virus, named CA/E3/09.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to '2009 h1n1 a/ca/04/09 virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/california/07-00019/2009(h1n1))
B: influenza a virus (a/california/07-00009/2009(h1n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/california/04/2009(h1n1))
D: influenza a virus (a/california/07/2009(h1n1))
E: influenza a virus (a/california/ma-07/2009(h1n1))
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We found that priming with influenza viruses of both H1 and H3 homo- and heterosubtypes protected against lethal CA/E3/09 virus challenge.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: h1n4 subtype
B: h1n5 subtype
C: h1n6 subtype
D: h11n2 subtype
E: h1n8 subtype
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Taken together, these results indicate that cross-reactive T cells established after initial priming with distally related viruses can be a vital component for prevention of disease and control of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pandemic h1n1 influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flubv (aka influenza b virus)
B: influenza b virus (b/california/01/2015)
C: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
D: influenza a virus (a/china)
E: influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Dermamoeba algensis n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Dermamoebidae): an algivorous lobose amoeba with complex cell coat and unusual feeding mode.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dermamoeba algensis n. sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: acanthamoeba quina
B: dientamoeba fragilis
C: acanthamoeba griffini
D: dermamoeba algensis
E: entamoeba invadens
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Dermamoeba algensis n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Dermamoebidae): an algivorous lobose amoeba with complex cell coat and unusual feeding mode.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dermamoeba algensis n. sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: actinomadura algeriensis
B: dictyamoeba vorax
C: entamoeba sp. do
D: entamoeba invadens
E: entamoeba dispar
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this paper we describe a third species of this genus, D. algensis n. sp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. algensis n. sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: daphnia ambigua
B: dermamoeba algensis
C: drepanepteryx algida
D: daphnia oregonensis
E: tenthredo algoviensis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Accordingly, D. algensis has a wide range of salinity tolerance.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. algensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: daphnia muddensis
B: devosia algicola
C: dermamoeba algensis
D: actinomadura algeriensis
E: gentiana algida
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.
Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is one of the most common serious bacterial infections worldwide.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'staphylococcus aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus pasteuri
B: micrococcus aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: agaribacillus aureus
D: streptomyces aureus
E: staphylococcus haemolyticus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.
Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is one of the most common serious bacterial infections worldwide.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'staphylococcus aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: staphylococcus pasteuri
C: staphylococcus equorum
D: micrococcus epidermidis (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
E: staphylococcus haemolyticus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To date, fewer than 1500 patients with S aureus bacteraemia have been recruited to 16 controlled trials of antimicrobial therapy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
B: streptomyces aureus
C: micrococcus pyogenes (aka staphylococcus aureus)
D: staphylococcus haemolyticus
E: staphylococcus (aurococcus) (aka staphylococcus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we propose and review ten unanswered clinical questions commonly posed by those managing S aureus bacteraemia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphlococcus pyogenes citreus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
B: albococcus epidermidis (aka staphylococcus epidermidis)
C: arthrobacter aureus ('arthrobacter aureus') (aka arthrobacter aureus)
D: staphylococcus aureus strain pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
E: 'staphylococcus faecalis' (aka staphylococcus faecalis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our findings define the major areas of uncertainty in the management of S aureus bacteraemia and highlight just two key principles.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
B: staphylococcus aureus a8799
C: micrococcus aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
D: staphylococcus aureus strain pa (aka staphylococcus aureus pa)
E: arthrobacter aureus ('arthrobacter aureus') (aka arthrobacter aureus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Beyond this, the best drugs, dose, mode of delivery, and duration of therapy are uncertain, a situation compounded by emerging S aureus strains that are resistant to old and new antibiotics.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's aureus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptomyces aureus
B: micrococcus aureus (aka staphylococcus aureus)
C: staphylococcus equorum
D: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
E: aurococcus (aka staphylococcus)
F: None of the above. | B |
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