instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Responses of the pea aphid transcriptome to infection by facultative symbionts.
Serratia symbiotica is a facultative symbiont of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) that provides tolerance to heat stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'acyrthosiphon pisum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agathidium pisanum
B: pea aphid (aka acyrthosiphon pisum)
C: anarrhinum pedatum
D: acyrthosiphon
E: acyrthosiphon gossypii
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previous studies show a large impact of S. symbiotica upon the aphid metabolome.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. symbiotica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: serratia symbiotica (candidatus serratia symbiotica) (aka serratia symbiotica)
B: serratia symbiotica (tuberolachnus salignus)
C: serratia symbiotica afa2.1
D: saphonecrus symbioticus
E: sphingomonas capsulata (aka novosphingobium capsulatum)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Whole-genome transcriptional profiling and next-generation sequencing demonstrated expression of 94% of RefSeq genes from the pea aphid genome, providing the largest dataset to date on aphid gene expression.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pea aphid'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pea aphid (aka acyrthosiphon pisum)
B: red pea (aka lathyrus cicera)
C: green peach aphid (aka myzus persicae)
D: pea weevil (aka bruchus pisorum)
E: english grain aphid (aka sitobion avenae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, only 28 genes showed changes in expression with S. symbiotica infection, and these changes were of small magnitude.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. symbiotica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: serratia symbiotica (candidatus serratia symbiotica) (aka serratia symbiotica)
B: symbiopsis
C: serratia symbiotica (epitrioza mizuhonica)
D: symbiomonas
E: spironucleus salmonicida
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, the large metabolic impact of S. symbiotica is most likely a result of metabolism of the symbiont itself, or of post-transcriptional modification of host gene expression.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. symbiotica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: serratia symbiotica (candidatus serratia symbiotica) (aka serratia symbiotica)
B: sphingorhabdus planktonica
C: plakortis symbiotica
D: serratia symbiotica (tuberolachnus salignus)
E: serratia symbiotica (cacopsylla coccinea)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although S. symbiotica has a major influence on its host's metabolome and resistance to heat, it induces little change in gene expression in its host.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. symbiotica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solmundaegina nematophora
B: serratia symbiotica (candidatus serratia symbiotica) (aka serratia symbiotica)
C: sphingorhabdus planktonica
D: sclerotinia sativa
E: sphingomonas capsulata (aka novosphingobium capsulatum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Molecular cloning and characterization of a thioredoxin peroxidase gene from Apis cerana cerana.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apis cerana cerana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apis cerana javana
B: apis cerana japonica
C: little honeybee (aka apis florea)
D: apis callosa (aka ceratina callosa)
E: asiatic honeybee (aka apis cerana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, we cloned the full cDNA of Tpx1 encoding a 195-amino acid protein from Apis cerana cerana (Acc).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apis cerana cerana (acc)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apis cerana indica (apis indica) (aka apis cerana indica)
B: apis cerana cerana
C: apis mellifera cerana (aka apis cerana)
D: apis mellifera caucasica (caucasian honeybee) (aka apis mellifera caucasica)
E: european honey bee (aka apis mellifera)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, we cloned the full cDNA of Tpx1 encoding a 195-amino acid protein from Apis cerana cerana (Acc).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apis cerana cerana (acc)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apis mellifera caucasica (caucasian honeybee) (aka apis mellifera caucasica)
B: apis indica (aka apis cerana indica)
C: honeybee (aka apis mellifera)
D: apis mellifera mellifera (german honeybee) (aka apis mellifera mellifera)
E: apis cerana cerana
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Quantitative PCR analysis showed that AccTpx1 was highly expressed in thorax and that the AccTpx1 transcript reached its highest level in two-week-old adult worker honeybees.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'worker honeybees'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caucasian honeybee (aka apis mellifera caucasica)
B: common honeybee (aka apis mellifera ligustica)
C: dwarf honeybee (aka apis florea)
D: oriental honeybee (aka apis cerana)
E: himalayan honeybee (aka apis laboriosa)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results suggest that AccTpx1 plays an important role in protecting honeybees from oxidative injury and may act in extending the lifespan of them.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'honeybees'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apis mellifera mellifera (german honeybee) (aka apis mellifera mellifera)
B: eastern honeybee (aka apis cerana)
C: honey bees (aka apinae)
D: giant honeybee (aka apis dorsata)
E: little honeybee (aka apis florea)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Acclimation to high CO2 in maize is related to water status and dependent on leaf rank.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agromyces ramosus (agromyces ramosum) (aka agromyces ramosus)
B: zelus grassans
C: maize (aka zea mays subsp. mays)
D: agrococcus terreus
E: maize (aka zea mays)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, the effects of atmospheric CO(2) availability on the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome profiles of two ranks of source leaves in maize (Zea mays L.) were studied in plants grown under ambient CO(2) conditions (350 +/- 20 muL L(-1) CO(2) ) or with CO(2) enrichment (700 +/- 20 muL L(-1) CO(2) ).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avenula agropyroides (aka helictochloa agropyroides)
B: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
C: zea mays (zea mays var. japonica) (aka zea mays)
D: zea perennis (perennial teosinte) (aka zea perennis)
E: agromyces ramosum (aka agromyces ramosus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, the effects of atmospheric CO(2) availability on the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome profiles of two ranks of source leaves in maize (Zea mays L.) were studied in plants grown under ambient CO(2) conditions (350 +/- 20 muL L(-1) CO(2) ) or with CO(2) enrichment (700 +/- 20 muL L(-1) CO(2) ).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'zea mays'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zelus tetracanthus
B: zea mays var. japonica (aka zea mays)
C: zela zeus
D: zelus grassans
E: phalaena zea (aka helicoverpa zea)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Seasonal dynamics in the stable carbon isotope composition delta^1^3C from non-leafy branch, trunk and coarse root CO2 efflux of adult deciduous (Fagus sylvatica) and evergreen (Picea abies) trees.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fagus sylvatica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fagus fusca (aka nothofagus fusca)
B: fagus antarctica (aka nothofagus antarctica)
C: fagus alpina (aka nothofagus alpina)
D: fagus sylvatica (fagus sylvestris) (aka fagus sylvatica)
E: fagus grandifolia (fagus americana) (aka fagus grandifolia)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Seasonal dynamics in the stable carbon isotope composition delta^1^3C from non-leafy branch, trunk and coarse root CO2 efflux of adult deciduous (Fagus sylvatica) and evergreen (Picea abies) trees.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'picea abies'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: picea
B: picea montana (aka picea abies)
C: picea glehnii (abies glehnii) (aka picea glehnii)
D: picea lowiana (aka abies lowiana)
E: picea glauca (white spruce) (aka picea glauca)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We studied seasonal dynamics in delta^1^3C of CO2 efflux (delta^1^3C(E)) from non-leafy branches, upper and lower trunks and coarse roots of adult trees, comparing deciduous Fagus sylvatica (European beech) with evergreen Picea abies (Norway spruce).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fagus sylvatica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: european beech (aka fagus sylvatica)
B: fagus longipetiolata (fagus brevipetiolata) (aka fagus longipetiolata)
C: fagus alpina (aka nothofagus alpina)
D: fagus nayonica (aka fagus lucida)
E: fagus fusca (aka nothofagus fusca)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We studied seasonal dynamics in delta^1^3C of CO2 efflux (delta^1^3C(E)) from non-leafy branches, upper and lower trunks and coarse roots of adult trees, comparing deciduous Fagus sylvatica (European beech) with evergreen Picea abies (Norway spruce).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'european beech'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sitta europaea (wood nuthatch) (aka sitta europaea)
B: european hornbeam (aka carpinus betulus)
C: japanese beech (aka fagus crenata)
D: european beech (aka fagus sylvatica)
E: hebetica sylviae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We studied seasonal dynamics in delta^1^3C of CO2 efflux (delta^1^3C(E)) from non-leafy branches, upper and lower trunks and coarse roots of adult trees, comparing deciduous Fagus sylvatica (European beech) with evergreen Picea abies (Norway spruce).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'picea abies'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: abies concolor (picea concolor) (aka abies concolor)
B: picea glehnii (abies glehnii) (aka picea glehnii)
C: picea spinulosa (abies spinulosa) (aka picea spinulosa)
D: norway spruce (aka picea abies)
E: colorado spruce (aka picea pungens)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We studied seasonal dynamics in delta^1^3C of CO2 efflux (delta^1^3C(E)) from non-leafy branches, upper and lower trunks and coarse roots of adult trees, comparing deciduous Fagus sylvatica (European beech) with evergreen Picea abies (Norway spruce).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'picea abies'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: picea glehnii (abies glehnii) (aka picea glehnii)
B: picea abies var. abies
C: picea brachytyla (abies brachytyla) (aka picea brachytyla)
D: picea concolor (aka abies concolor)
E: picea lowiana (aka abies lowiana)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We studied seasonal dynamics in delta^1^3C of CO2 efflux (delta^1^3C(E)) from non-leafy branches, upper and lower trunks and coarse roots of adult trees, comparing deciduous Fagus sylvatica (European beech) with evergreen Picea abies (Norway spruce).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'norway spruce'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: norway maple (aka acer platanoides)
B: norway lobster (aka nephrops norvegicus)
C: blue spruce (aka picea pungens)
D: norway spruce (aka picea abies)
E: siberian spruce (aka picea obovata)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Gene expression changes during short day induced terminal bud formation in Norway spruce.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'norway spruce'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: siberian spruce (aka picea obovata)
B: picea mariana (black spruce) (aka picea mariana)
C: norway maple (aka acer platanoides)
D: norway spruce (aka picea abies)
E: norway pout (aka trisopterus esmarkii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'By combining suppression subtractive hybridization and monitoring of gene expression by qRT-PCR analysis, we aimed to identify genes involved in photoperiodic control of growth cessation and bud set in Norway spruce.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'norway spruce'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: european sprat (aka sprattus sprattus)
B: picea rubens (red spruce) (aka picea rubens)
C: norway spruce (aka picea abies)
D: norway lobster (aka nephrops norvegicus)
E: norway maple (aka acer platanoides)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Role of nitric oxide in hydrogen peroxide-dependent induction of abiotic stress tolerance by brassinosteroids in cucumber.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cucumber'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cucumis gracilis
B: cucumis melo (oriental melon) (aka cucumis melo)
C: cucumber (aka cucumis sativus var. sativus)
D: cucumella cinerea (aka cucumis cinereus)
E: cucumis sativus (cucumbers) (aka cucumis sativus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Brassinosteroids (BRs) can induce plant tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses by triggering the generation of H(2) O(2) as a signalling molecule in cucumber leaves.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cucumber'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cuculus
B: cucumis globosus
C: cucumis sativus (cucumbers) (aka cucumis sativus)
D: cucumber (aka cucumis sativus var. sativus)
E: cucumis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genome-wide analysis of brain transcriptional changes in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens exposed to carbon dioxide and physical manipulation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'honey bee'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: honey bees (aka apinae)
B: european honey bee (aka apis mellifera)
C: rock honeybee (aka apis dorsata)
D: common honey bee (aka apis mellifera ligustica)
E: indian honeybee (aka apis cerana)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genome-wide analysis of brain transcriptional changes in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens exposed to carbon dioxide and physical manipulation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apis mellifera'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apis mellifera mellifera (german honeybee) (aka apis mellifera mellifera)
B: giant honeybee (aka apis dorsata)
C: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
D: apis mellifera caucasica (caucasian honeybee) (aka apis mellifera caucasica)
E: western honey bee (aka apis mellifera)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study we examine the effects of CO(2) (a commonly used anaesthetic in instrumental insemination that causes changes similar to those occurring after mating) and physical manipulation (which may mimic certain aspects of copulation) on the behavioural, physiological and brain transcriptional changes in honey bee queens.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'honey bee'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: honey bees (aka apinae)
B: eastern honeybee (aka apis cerana)
C: african honeybee (aka apis mellifera scutellata)
D: honey bee (aka apis mellifera)
E: giant honeybee (aka apis dorsata)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparisons with previous studies of honey bees and female Drosophila indicate that common molecular mechanisms may be responsible for regulating reproductive changes across different mating regimes and insect orders.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'honey bees'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: asiatic honeybee (aka apis cerana)
B: german honeybee (aka apis mellifera mellifera)
C: western honey bee (aka apis mellifera)
D: honey bees (aka apinae)
E: common honey bee (aka apis mellifera ligustica)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparisons with previous studies of honey bees and female Drosophila indicate that common molecular mechanisms may be responsible for regulating reproductive changes across different mating regimes and insect orders.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'drosophila'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi>)
B: drosophila persimilis
C: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
D: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
E: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparisons with previous studies of honey bees and female Drosophila indicate that common molecular mechanisms may be responsible for regulating reproductive changes across different mating regimes and insect orders.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'drosophila'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila <basidiomycete fungi> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
B: drosophila <flies,subgenus> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
C: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
D: drosophila elegans
E: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi>)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used for plant DNA transformation and more recently, has also been used to transform yeast, filamentous fungi and even human cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'agrobacterium tumefasciens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrobacterium divergens
B: phytomonas tumefaciens (aka agrobacterium tumefaciens)
C: agrobacterium pusense (rhizobium pusense) (aka agrobacterium pusense)
D: agrobacterium aurantiacum ('agrobacterium aurantiacum') (aka agrobacterium aurantiacum)
E: agrobacterium leguminum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used for plant DNA transformation and more recently, has also been used to transform yeast, filamentous fungi and even human cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'blastocladiella emersonii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: talaromyces emersonii (aka rasamsonia emersonii)
B: physconella emersoni
C: blastobotrys meliponae
D: blastocladiella emersonii atcc 22665
E: blastocladiella emersonii
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used for plant DNA transformation and more recently, has also been used to transform yeast, filamentous fungi and even human cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'agrobacterium tumefaciens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrobacterium leguminum
B: polymonas tumefaciens (aka agrobacterium tumefaciens)
C: agrobacterium tumefaciens genomovar g8 (aka agrobacterium fabrum)
D: agrobacterium aurantiacum ('agrobacterium aurantiacum') (aka agrobacterium aurantiacum)
E: agrobacterium pusense (rhizobium pusense) (aka agrobacterium pusense)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used for plant DNA transformation and more recently, has also been used to transform yeast, filamentous fungi and even human cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
E: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used for plant DNA transformation and more recently, has also been used to transform yeast, filamentous fungi and even human cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: macrobiotus sapiens
D: carcharhinus humani
E: pediculus humanus (human louse) (aka pediculus humanus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using this technique, we developed the first transformation protocol for the saprobic aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii, a Blastocladiomycete localized at the base of fungal phylogenetic tree, which has been shown as a promising and interesting model of study of cellular function and differentiation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'blastocladiella emersonii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: blastocladiella simplex
B: blastocladiella emersonii
C: dendrobium gibsonii
D: blastocladiella emersonii atcc 22665
E: blastobasis luteella
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We constructed binary T-DNA vectors containing hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) genes, under the control of Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter and terminator sequences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus neoellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
B: aspergillus avenaceus
C: aspergillus aureus
D: aspergillus domesticus
E: emericella nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '24 h of co-cultivation in induction medium (IM) agar plates, followed by transfer to PYG-agar plates containing cefotaxim to kill Agrobacterium tumefsciens and hygromycin to select transformants, resulted in growth and sporulation of resistant transformants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'agrobacterium tumefsciens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrobacterium fabacearum (aka agrobacterium tumefaciens)
B: rhizobium rhizogenes (agrobacterium rhizogenes (riker et al. 1930) conn 1942 (approved lists 1980)) (aka rhizobium rhizogenes)
C: agrobacterium aurantiacum ('agrobacterium aurantiacum') (aka agrobacterium aurantiacum)
D: agrobacterium radiobacter (beijerinck and van delden 1902) conn 1942 (approved lists 1980) (aka agrobacterium radiobacter)
E: agrobacterium divergens
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heterotrimeric Galpha protein Pga1 from Penicillium chrysogenum triggers germination in response to carbon sources and affects negatively resistance to different stress conditions.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'penicillium chrysogenum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: penicillium notatum (aka penicillium chrysogenum)
B: penicillium granulatum
C: penicillium griseum (citromyces griseus) (aka penicillium griseum)
D: penicillium griseolum
E: penicillium mexicanum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heterotrimeric Galpha protein Pga1 of Penicillium chrysogenum controls vegetative growth, conidiation and secondary metabolite production.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'penicillium chrysogenum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: penicillium chrysogenum thom, 1910 (aka penicillium chrysogenum)
B: penicillium sicoris
C: penicillium granulatum
D: penicillium acidogenicum
E: penicillium griseolum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heterotrimeric Galpha protein Pga1 of Penicillium chrysogenum controls vegetative growth, conidiation and secondary metabolite production.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'penicillium chrysogenum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: penicillium lanosum
B: penicillium acidogenicum
C: penicillium commune
D: penicillium contaminatum
E: penicillium griseum (citromyces griseus) (aka penicillium griseum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains G203R-T (expressing the dominant inactivating pga1(G203R) allele) and Deltapga1 (deleted pga1) showed a delayed and asynchronic germination pattern, and a decrease in the percentage of germination, which occurred in only 70-80% of the total conidia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'strains g203r-t'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterobacteriaceae bacterium g21
B: rhodococcus luteus (aka rhodococcoides fascians)
C: bacterium g2
D: bacterium t3
E: bacterium g3
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Strains G203R-T (expressing the dominant inactivating pga1(G203R) allele) and Deltapga1 (deleted pga1) showed a delayed and asynchronic germination pattern, and a decrease in the percentage of germination, which occurred in only 70-80% of the total conidia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'deltapga1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmid vector pgad
B: cloning vector pggd001
C: reporter vector phonda1
D: vector pdg-at
E: expression vector pxgwa
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, strains with the pga1(G42R) allele were able to bypass the carbon source (glucose or sucrose) requirement for germination in about 64% of conidia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'strains with the pga1(g42r) allele'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: grampus griseus alphaherpesvirus
B: gallaecimonas pentaromativorans
C: 'paenibacillus ginsengagri' (aka paenibacillus ginsengagri)
D: gamma proteobacterium g1612s4
E: gluconobacter vitians
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Regulation of germination by Pga1 is probably mediated by cAMP, as intracellular levels of this secondary messenger undergo a peak before the onset of germination only in strains with an active Pga1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'strains with an active pga1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paenibacillus azoreducens
B: pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes
C: gallaecimonas pentaromativorans
D: paenibacillus campinasensis
E: arthrobacter cryotolerans (aka paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Characterizing the role of RNA silencing components in Cryptococcus neoformans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cryptococcus neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt1
B: saccharomyces neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
C: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
D: cryptococcus neoformans bt2
E: cryptococcus gattii (vanbreus. & takashio) kwon-chung & boekhout 2002 (aka cryptococcus gattii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To elucidate the physiological functions of the RNAi pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans that causes fungal meningitis, here we performed genetic analyses for genes encoding Argonaute (AGO1 and AGO2), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDP1), and Dicers (DCR1 and DCR2) in both serotype A and D C. neoformans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cryptococcus neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt19
B: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
C: cryptococcus neoformans serotype d (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
D: cryptococcus neoformans bt1
E: torula neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To elucidate the physiological functions of the RNAi pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans that causes fungal meningitis, here we performed genetic analyses for genes encoding Argonaute (AGO1 and AGO2), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDP1), and Dicers (DCR1 and DCR2) in both serotype A and D C. neoformans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt1
B: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
C: filobasidiella neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
D: cryptococcus neoformans bt19
E: cryptococcus neoformans bt7
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study shows that Ago1, Rdp1, and Dcr2 are the major components of the RNAi process occurring in C. neoformans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt2
B: cryptococcus neoformans c23
C: debaryomyces neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
D: cryptococcus neoformans bt7
E: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Notably, the serotype D rdp1Delta mutants showed an increase in transcript abundance of active retrotransposons and transposons, such as T2 and T3, the latter of which is a novel serotype D-specific transposon of C. neoformans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt19
B: blastomyces neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
C: cryptococcus neoformans c23
D: filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
E: cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (aka cryptococcus gattii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In conclusion, the RNAi pathway plays an important role in controlling transposon activity and genome integrity of C. neoformans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt2
B: torulopsis neoformans (aka cryptococcus neoformans)
C: cryptococcus neoformans species complex
D: cryptococcus neoformans bt19
E: cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans) (aka cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In conclusion, the RNAi pathway plays an important role in controlling transposon activity and genome integrity of C. neoformans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. neoformans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptococcus neoformans bt7
B: cryptococcus neoformans c23
C: cryptococcus neoformans bt68
D: cryptococcus neoformans bt19
E: cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (aka cryptococcus gattii)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Characterization of the oxysterol-binding protein gene family in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yellow fever mosquito'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culicoides flumineus
B: culex aegypti (aka aedes aegypti)
C: culex orientalis
D: yellow fever virus yfv (aka yellow fever virus)
E: culex haematophagus (aka culex pipiens)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Characterization of the oxysterol-binding protein gene family in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aedes rossicus
B: aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito) (aka aedes albopictus)
C: aedes aegypti queenslandensis (aka aedes aegypti aegypti)
D: aedes fluviatilis (aka ochlerotatus fluviatilis)
E: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Four ORP genes were cloned from Aedes aegypti.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aedes rossicus
B: aedes fluviatilis (aka ochlerotatus fluviatilis)
C: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
D: culex vittatus (aka aedes vittatus)
E: culex atropalpus (aka aedes atropalpus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Based on amino acid sequence homology to human proteins, they are AeOSBP, AeORP1, AeORP8 and AeORP9.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human louse (aka pediculus humanus)
B: neanderthal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
C: carcharhinus humani
D: pediculus humanus corporis (pediculus humanus humanus) (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, over-expression of AeORPs facilitated [(3)H]-cholesterol uptake in Ae. aegypti cultured Aag -2 cells.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ae. aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aedes flavopictus
B: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
C: culex ochraceus (aka aedes ochraceus)
D: culex vittatus (aka aedes vittatus)
E: aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito) (aka aedes albopictus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Activation and localization of protein kinase C in Neurospora crassa.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurospora crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amyloporiella crassa (aka resinoporia crassa)
B: chrysonilia crassa (aka neurospora crassa)
C: neurospora tetraspora (gelasinospora tetrasperma) (aka neurospora tetraspora)
D: sarcosphaera crassa (peziza crassa) (aka sarcosphaera crassa)
E: neurospora uniporata
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Neurosporacrassa protein kinase C (NPKC) is reported to be a regulator of light responsive genes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurosporacrassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neurospora cratophora (gelasinospora cratophora) (aka neurospora cratophora)
B: neurospora intermedia
C: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
D: neurospora nigeriensis
E: neurospora crassa 7035
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and expression analysis of the genes involved in serotonin biosynthesis and transduction in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'gryllus bimaculatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gryllus assimilis (acheta assimilis) (aka gryllus assimilis)
B: diglyphus bimaculatus
C: graptocorixa bimaculata
D: belomicrus bimaculatus
E: two-spotted cricket (aka gryllus bimaculatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To elucidate the molecular basis of the cricket 5-HT system, we identified 5-HT-related genes in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'gryllus bimaculatus degeer'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gryllus musicus (aka gastrimargus musicus)
B: gryllus armatus
C: gryllus binotatus (aka chorthippus binotatus)
D: gryllus campestris
E: two-spotted cricket (aka gryllus bimaculatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This has already led to the activation of silent gene clusters and the identification of novel compounds in Aspergillus nidulans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aphanothece nidulans
B: aspergillus aureus
C: nassella nidulans
D: aspergillus tritici (aka aspergillus neotritici)
E: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This has already led to the activation of silent gene clusters and the identification of novel compounds in Aspergillus nidulans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus tritici (aka aspergillus neotritici)
B: aspergillus avenaceus
C: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
D: aspergillus agricola
E: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Certain Fusarium species cause head blight of wheat and other small grains worldwide and produce trichothecene mycotoxins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
B: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
C: canadian hard winter wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
D: one-grained wheat (aka triticum monococcum)
E: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These mycotoxins can induce toxicoses in animals and humans and can contribute to the ability of some fusaria to cause plant disease.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: gymnopleurus humanus
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: great apes (aka hominidae)
E: homopus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Functional analyses of the TRI8 enzyme (Tri8) in F. graminearum, the predominant cause of wheat head blight in North America and Europe, revealed that Tri8 from 3-ADON strains catalyzes deacetylation of the trichothecene biosynthetic intermediate 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol at carbon 15 to yield 3-ADON, whereas Tri8 from 15-ADON strains catalyzes deacetylation of 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol at carbon 3 to yield 15-ADON.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936) (aka fusarium graminearum)
B: fusarium nodosum
C: fusarium domesticum (trichothecium domesticum) (aka fusarium domesticum)
D: gibberella avenacea (aka fusarium avenaceum)
E: fusarium magnum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The recombinase IntA is required for excision of esp-containing ICEEfm1 in Enterococcus faecium.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'enterococcus faecium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterococcus faecium ef_aus0087
B: enterococcus faecium 701
C: enterococcus faecium (streptococcus faecium) (aka enterococcus faecium)
D: clostridium faecium
E: enterococcus plantarum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparative genome analysis of Enterococcus faecium recently revealed that a genomic island containing the esp gene, referred to as the esp-containing pathogenicity island (esp PAI), can be transferred by conjugation and contains a partial Tn916-like element and an integrase gene, intA. Here, we characterize the role of intA in the excision of the esp PAI.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'enterococcus faecium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterococcus gallinarum (streptococcus gallinarum) (aka enterococcus gallinarum)
B: clostridium faecium
C: enterococcus faecium (streptococcus faecium) (aka enterococcus faecium)
D: enterococcus proteiformis (aka enterococcus faecalis)
E: enterococcus faecium vre1044
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'An intA insertion-deletion mutant in E. faecium E1162 (E1162DeltaintA) was constructed and in trans complemented with wild-type intA (E1162DeltaintA::pEF30).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. faecium e1162'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterococcus faecium e155
B: enterococcus faecium (streptococcus faecium) (aka enterococcus faecium)
C: enterococcus faecium engen0377
D: enterococcus faecium erv168
E: enterococcus faecium e525
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'An intA insertion-deletion mutant in E. faecium E1162 (E1162DeltaintA) was constructed and in trans complemented with wild-type intA (E1162DeltaintA::pEF30).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e1162'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ardea novoe hollandioe (aka egretta novaehollandiae)
B: eurymerodesmus oliphantus
C: bryophaenocladius aestivus (eudactylocladius aestivus) (aka bryophaenocladius aestivus)
D: escherichia coli e1114
E: plasmid r1162
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'An intA insertion-deletion mutant in E. faecium E1162 (E1162DeltaintA) was constructed and in trans complemented with wild-type intA (E1162DeltaintA::pEF30).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e1162'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurymerodesmus oliphantus
B: tegostoma disparalis (aka aeschremon disparalis)
C: plasmid r1162
D: ardea novaehollandiae (aka egretta novaehollandiae)
E: lacerta erhardii amorgensis (aka podarcis erhardii amorgensis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No CI were detected in E1162DeltaintA, while in the complemented strain E1162DeltaintA::pEF30 CI formation was restored, indicating that intA is essential for excision and subsequent mobilization of the esp-containing genomic island in E. faecium.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. faecium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacteroides faecium
B: enterococcus florum
C: streptococcus faecium (aka enterococcus faecium)
D: enterococcus plantarum
E: enterococcus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thermal performance curves of Paramecium caudatum: a model selection approach.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paramecium caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paramecium caudatum
B: paramecium aurelia
C: entodinium caudatum
D: paramecium polycaryum (paramecium polycarum) (aka paramecium polycaryum)
E: asplenium caudatum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thermal performance curves of Paramecium caudatum: a model selection approach.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paramecium caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pleioplectron caudatum
B: paramecium chlorelligerum
C: colpodidium caudatum
D: tetroplon caudatum
E: paramecium
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, temperature reaction norms of natural isolates of the freshwater protist Paramecium caudatum were investigated, considering nearly the entire temperature range.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paramecium caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lycoperdon caudatum
B: tetroplon caudatum
C: paramecium chlorelligerum
D: paramecium caudatum
E: paramecium polycarum (aka paramecium polycaryum)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Relating the physical properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides to virulence by atomic force microscopy.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas paralactis
B: bacillus aeruginosus (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
C: pseudomonas ovalis (aka pseudomonas putida)
D: pseudomonas haemolytica
E: pseudomonas wisconsinensis ('pseudomonas wisconsinensis') (aka pseudomonas wisconsinensis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are an important class of macromolecules that are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus aeruginosus (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
B: pasteurella pestis (aka yersinia pestis)
C: pseudomonas rugosa (aka pseudomonas putida)
D: pseudomonas poae
E: pseudomonas haemolytica
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'P. aeruginosa contains two different sugar chains, the homopolymer common antigen (A band) and the heteropolymer O antigen (B band), which impart serospecificity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pasteurella
B: pseudomonas nosocomialis (aka stutzerimonas nosocomialis)
C: bacterium pyocyaneum (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
D: pasteuria
E: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the physical properties of the LPS of P. aeruginosa strain PA103 (serogroup O11) in situ.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aeruginosa strain pa103'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa14 (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa pa14)
B: pseudomonas aeruginosa 19660
C: pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa103 (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa pa103)
D: bacterium aeruginosum (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
E: pseudomonas aeruginosa str. pa 62
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Adhesion forces were not correlated with LPS length, but a relationship between adhesion force and bacterial pathogenicity was found in a mouse acute pneumonia model of infection.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: southeastern asian house mouse (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our research contributes to further understanding of the role of LPS in the adhesion and virulence of P. aeruginosa.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pasteurella pestis (aka yersinia pestis)
B: pseudomonas aeruginosa (pseudomonas aeruginosa (schroeter 1872) migula 1900 (approved lists 1980)) (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
C: pasteuria
D: pasteurella pseudotuberculosis (aka yersinia pseudotuberculosis)
E: aerobacillus polymyxa (aka paenibacillus polymyxa)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The minor pilin subunit Sgp2 is necessary for assembly of the pilus encoded by the srtG cluster of Streptococcus suis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus suis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus parasuis
B: streptococcus suis
C: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
D: streptococcus mitis
E: streptococcus oralis (streptococcus oralis bridge and sneath 1982) (aka streptococcus oralis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The srtG cluster is one of the putative pilus gene clusters identified in the major swine pathogen Streptococcus suis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'swine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sueus
B: sus scrofa cristatus (sus cristatus) (aka sus scrofa cristatus)
C: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
D: sus scrofa (pigs (aka sus scrofa))
E: taiwan pig (aka sus scrofa taivanus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The srtG cluster is one of the putative pilus gene clusters identified in the major swine pathogen Streptococcus suis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus suis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptobacillus canis
B: streptococcus intestinalis (aka streptococcus alactolyticus)
C: streptococcus mitis
D: streptococcus suis
E: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The srtG cluster is one of the putative pilus gene clusters identified in the major swine pathogen Streptococcus suis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus suis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus ovis
B: streptococcus mitis
C: streptococcus gallinaceus
D: streptococcus oralis (streptococcus oralis bridge and sneath 1982) (aka streptococcus oralis)
E: streptobacillus canis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, by constructing mutants for each of the genes in the cluster and by both immunoblotting and immunogold electron microscopic analysis with antibodies against Sgp1 and Sgp2, we found that the srtG cluster mediates the expression of pilus-like structures in S. suis strain 89/1591.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. suis strain 89/1591'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus suis strain st1 (aka streptococcus suis st1)
B: streptococcus suis 11538
C: streptococcus suis
D: streptococcus infantis
E: streptococcus ovis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we report the long-term impact of N loading and the recovery of ectomycorrhiza after high N loading on a Pinus sylvestris forest.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pinus sylvestris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pinus occidentalis
B: black pine (aka pinus nigra)
C: pinus banksiana (jack pine) (aka pinus banksiana)
D: pinus glabra (spruce pine) (aka pinus glabra)
E: scots pine (aka pinus sylvestris)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we provide such data for two common species of swarm raiders broadly sympatric throughout the Neotropics: the iconic Eciton burchellii and the more secretive, less studied Labidus praedator.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eciton burchellii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: canistropsis burchellii
B: elaphoglossum burchellii (acrostichum burchellii) (aka elaphoglossum burchellii)
C: leucadendron burchellii
D: guatteria burchellii
E: eciton burchellii (labidus burchellii) (aka eciton burchellii)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We aim to quantify the relative effect of various individual, forage and climatic determinants of variation in home range size across multiple spatiotemporal scales in a large browsing herbivore, the moose (Alces alces), living at the southern limit of its distribution in Norway.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'alces alces'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cervus cameloides (aka alces alces cameloides)
B: alces
C: cervus alces (aka alces alces)
D: alces americanus (alces alces americana) (aka alces americanus)
E: european elk (aka alces alces alces)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Roles of vaccinia virus genes E3L and K3L and host genes PKR and RNase L during intratracheal infection of C57BL/6 mice.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vaccinia virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vaccinia virus (strain copenhagen) (aka vaccinia virus copenhagen)
B: mva virus (aka modified vaccinia ankara virus)
C: vaccinia virus (vaccinia virus vv) (aka vaccinia virus)
D: cowpox virus (cpxv (aka cowpox virus))
E: vaccinia virus (strain wr) (aka vaccinia virus wr)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Roles of vaccinia virus genes E3L and K3L and host genes PKR and RNase L during intratracheal infection of C57BL/6 mice.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
C: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
D: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
E: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In poxvirus infections, the interactions between the vaccinia virus (VV) genes E3L and K3L, which target RNase L and PKR, respectively, serve to prevent the induction of the dsRNA-dependent induced interferon response in cell culture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vaccinia virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mva virus (aka modified vaccinia ankara virus)
B: vaccinia virus (strain wr) (aka vaccinia virus wr)
C: vaccinia virus vv (aka vaccinia virus)
D: cowpox virus (cpxv (aka cowpox virus))
E: smallpox (aka variola virus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In poxvirus infections, the interactions between the vaccinia virus (VV) genes E3L and K3L, which target RNase L and PKR, respectively, serve to prevent the induction of the dsRNA-dependent induced interferon response in cell culture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avipoxvirus gb
B: vaccinia virus vv (aka vaccinia virus)
C: vinces virus
D: swinepox virus
E: varialvus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the importance of these host genes in controlling VV infections, mouse single-gene knockouts of RNase L and PKR and double-knockout mice were studied following intratracheal infection with VV, VVDeltaK3L, or VVDeltaE3L. VV caused lethal disease in all mouse strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vaccinia virus vv (aka vaccinia virus)
B: goatpox virus
C: crowpox virus
D: vixey virus
E: quailpox virus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the importance of these host genes in controlling VV infections, mouse single-gene knockouts of RNase L and PKR and double-knockout mice were studied following intratracheal infection with VV, VVDeltaK3L, or VVDeltaE3L. VV caused lethal disease in all mouse strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
B: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
C: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the importance of these host genes in controlling VV infections, mouse single-gene knockouts of RNase L and PKR and double-knockout mice were studied following intratracheal infection with VV, VVDeltaK3L, or VVDeltaE3L. VV caused lethal disease in all mouse strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
B: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
C: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
D: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
E: macedonian mouse (aka mus macedonicus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the importance of these host genes in controlling VV infections, mouse single-gene knockouts of RNase L and PKR and double-knockout mice were studied following intratracheal infection with VV, VVDeltaK3L, or VVDeltaE3L. VV caused lethal disease in all mouse strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
B: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
E: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the importance of these host genes in controlling VV infections, mouse single-gene knockouts of RNase L and PKR and double-knockout mice were studied following intratracheal infection with VV, VVDeltaK3L, or VVDeltaE3L. VV caused lethal disease in all mouse strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: varicellovirus
B: varialvus
C: vaccinia virus vv (aka vaccinia virus)
D: avipoxvirus gb
E: smallpox (aka variola virus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the importance of these host genes in controlling VV infections, mouse single-gene knockouts of RNase L and PKR and double-knockout mice were studied following intratracheal infection with VV, VVDeltaK3L, or VVDeltaE3L. VV caused lethal disease in all mouse strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vaccinia virus (vaccinia virus vv) (aka vaccinia virus)
B: avipoxvirus
C: avipoxvirus gb
D: swine vesicular disease virus
E: varialvus
F: None of the above. | A |
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