instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'The most urgent and immediate priority is tobacco control.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
B: nicotiana sylvestris (wood tobacco) (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
C: common tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
D: nicotiana acuminata (acuminate tobacco) (aka nicotiana acuminata)
E: nicotiana benthamiana
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We propose as a goal for 2040, a world essentially free from tobacco where less than 5% of people use tobacco.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: persian tobacco (aka nicotiana alata)
B: wood tobacco (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
C: tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
D: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
E: nicotiana glauca (glaucous tobacco) (aka nicotiana glauca)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Perigord black truffle responds to cold temperature with an extensive reprogramming of its transcriptional activity.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'perigord black truffle'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perityle trichodonta
B: pogonus texanus
C: black pomfret (aka parastromateus niger)
D: black drum (aka pogonias cromis)
E: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Tuber melanosporum genome has been analysed with the aim of identifying and characterizing the genes involved in the environmental stress response.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tuber melanoexcavatum
B: secotium melanosporum (aka agaricus melanosporus)
C: tuber sphaerosporum
D: black truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
E: tuber macrosporum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov., of the family Micrococcaceae isolated from an ear swab of a man with otitis externa, transfer of the members of the family Yaniellaceae Li et al. 2008 to the family Micrococcaceae and emended description of the suborder Micrococcineae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: auritidibacter sp. bam-2018
B: auritidibacter ignavus
C: aurantiacibacter sediminis
D: immundisolibacter sp.
E: anaeramoeba ignava
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium designated IMMIB L-1656(T) was isolated from an ear swab of a man and characterized using a polyphasic approach.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'immib l-1656(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: idopelma
B: tortricomorpha albifasciella (aka imma albifasciella)
C: indabracon
D: imathia
E: imelda
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain IMMIB L-1656(T) is related to members of the family Micrococcaceae (<95.1 % sequence similarity).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'immib l-1656(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: imathia
B: arminda
C: mycobacterium phage ibrahim
D: imelda
E: melinda
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Anaylsis using different phylogenetic algorithms consistently grouped strain IMMIB L-1656(T) with members of the genus Yaniella.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'immib l-1656(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mycobacterium phage ibrahim
B: imathia
C: immadellana
D: mycobacterium virus indlulamithi (aka indlulamithivirus indlulamithi)
E: indabracon
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Based on its distinctive genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain IMMIB L-1656(T) represents a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'immib l-1656(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: immadellana
B: imbira
C: mycobacterium virus indlulamithi (aka indlulamithivirus indlulamithi)
D: imathia
E: melinda
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Based on its distinctive genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain IMMIB L-1656(T) represents a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'immib l-1656(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tortricomorpha albifasciella (aka imma albifasciella)
B: melinda
C: immyrla
D: antillimunida flinti (munida flinti) (aka antillimunida flinti)
E: imelda
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Based on its distinctive genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain IMMIB L-1656(T) represents a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: auritidibacter sp. bam-2018
B: undibacterium cyanobacteriorum
C: aurantiacibacter gilvus
D: agriterribacter sp.
E: auritidibacter ignavus
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The type strain of Auritidibacter ignavus is IMMIB L-1656(T) (=DSM 45359(T) =CCUG 57943(T)).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'auritidibacter ignavus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: terrabacter aerolatus
B: auritidibacter ignavus
C: undibacterium cyanobacteriorum
D: caviibacter abscessus
E: anthrax irroratus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The type strain of Auritidibacter ignavus is IMMIB L-1656(T) (=DSM 45359(T) =CCUG 57943(T)).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'immib l-1656(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: imathia
B: antillimunida flinti (munida flinti) (aka antillimunida flinti)
C: melinda
D: idopelma
E: immergentia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The type strain of Auritidibacter ignavus is IMMIB L-1656(T) (=DSM 45359(T) =CCUG 57943(T)).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dsm 45359(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: proteobacterium sttd349
B: dorycara
C: bacterium sdt59
D: clostridium tyrobutyricum divetgp
E: bacterium romem59sa331
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The type strain of Auritidibacter ignavus is IMMIB L-1656(T) (=DSM 45359(T) =CCUG 57943(T)).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ccug 57943(t)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydia trachomatis g/11074
B: enterobacteriaceae bacterium ccug 67584
C: chlamydia trachomatis g/11222
D: chlamydia trachomatis g/9768
E: campylobacter coli lmg 9854
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rapid production of high-titer porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)-B env pseudotype and construction of an EGFP-expressing replication competent PERV-A vector.
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) present a unique concern associated with xenotransplantation because they have been shown to infect certain human cells in vitro and it is also difficult to generate herds of pigs free of PERVs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'porcine endogenous retrovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: porcine endogenous retrovirus subclass b (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus b)
B: porcine endogenous retrovirus perv-msl (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus msl)
C: porcine endogenous retrovirus m4
D: porcine endogenous retrovirus class e (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus e)
E: porcine endogenous retrovirus a (porcine endogenous retrovirus subclass a) (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus a)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rapid production of high-titer porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)-B env pseudotype and construction of an EGFP-expressing replication competent PERV-A vector.
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) present a unique concern associated with xenotransplantation because they have been shown to infect certain human cells in vitro and it is also difficult to generate herds of pigs free of PERVs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'porcine endogenous retroviruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: porcine endogenous retrovirus subclass a (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus a)
B: porcine endogenous retrovirus subclass b (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus b)
C: porcine endogenous retrovirus class e (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus e)
D: endogenous prairie dog retrovirus
E: porcine endogenous retrovirus m16
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rapid production of high-titer porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)-B env pseudotype and construction of an EGFP-expressing replication competent PERV-A vector.
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) present a unique concern associated with xenotransplantation because they have been shown to infect certain human cells in vitro and it is also difficult to generate herds of pigs free of PERVs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pervs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: peropuvirus
B: posavirus (porcine stool-associated rna viruses) (aka posavirus)
C: pernambuco virus
D: perrunavirus
E: ppv (aka porcine parvovirus) (aka porcine parvovirus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rapid production of high-titer porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)-B env pseudotype and construction of an EGFP-expressing replication competent PERV-A vector.
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) present a unique concern associated with xenotransplantation because they have been shown to infect certain human cells in vitro and it is also difficult to generate herds of pigs free of PERVs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pediculus humanus (human louse) (aka pediculus humanus)
B: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
E: carcharhinus humani
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rapid production of high-titer porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)-B env pseudotype and construction of an EGFP-expressing replication competent PERV-A vector.
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) present a unique concern associated with xenotransplantation because they have been shown to infect certain human cells in vitro and it is also difficult to generate herds of pigs free of PERVs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wild boar (aka sus scrofa)
B: boars (aka suidae)
C: sus papuensis (aka sus scrofa papuensis)
D: domestic guinea pig (aka cavia porcellus)
E: sus philippensis (philippine warty pig) (aka sus philippensis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rapid production of high-titer porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)-B env pseudotype and construction of an EGFP-expressing replication competent PERV-A vector.
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) present a unique concern associated with xenotransplantation because they have been shown to infect certain human cells in vitro and it is also difficult to generate herds of pigs free of PERVs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pigs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: taiwan pig (aka sus scrofa taivanus)
B: boars (aka suidae)
C: sus scrofa domesticus (sus scrofa domestica) (aka sus scrofa domesticus)
D: sus porcus (aka potamochoerus porcus)
E: domestic guinea pig (aka cavia porcellus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The rapid production of high-titer porcine endogenous retrovirus(PERV)-B env pseudotype and construction of an EGFP-expressing replication competent PERV-A vector.
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) present a unique concern associated with xenotransplantation because they have been shown to infect certain human cells in vitro and it is also difficult to generate herds of pigs free of PERVs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pervs'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: prrsv (aka porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus)
B: porcine stool-associated rna virus (aka posavirus)
C: perrunavirus
D: porcine parvovirus (ppv (aka porcine parvovirus))
E: porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus))
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To improve the MLV-based retroviral vector system, a 2.1-kb PERV-B env product was amplified from PK-15 genomic DNA and cloned into the pCL-Eco retroviral vector.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'retroviral'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: retroviridae
B: human endogenous retroviruses
C: unidentified retrovirus (retrovirus) (aka unidentified retrovirus)
D: smrv (aka squirrel monkey retrovirus) (aka squirrel monkey retrovirus)
E: retroviral provirus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To improve the MLV-based retroviral vector system, a 2.1-kb PERV-B env product was amplified from PK-15 genomic DNA and cloned into the pCL-Eco retroviral vector.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'perv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perrunavirus
B: porcine respiratory virus (aka porcine respiratory coronavirus)
C: peropuvirus
D: porcine partetravirus
E: ppv (aka porcine parvovirus) (aka porcine parvovirus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The titer of lacZ (PERV-B) from the 293 cells was about 1.0x10(4) CFU/ml.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'perv-b'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perdoes virus
B: porcine parvovirus ppv (aka porcine parvovirus)
C: porcine endogenous type c retrovirus (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus c)
D: perdix perdix retrovirus
E: porcine picobirnavirus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, the titer of lacZ (PERV-B) from a conventional murine retroviral vector (split genome) was found to be 1.2x10(2) CFU/ml when the PERV-B env expression vector was transfected into TELCeB6 cells, which harbor MFGnlslacZ and the gag-pol-expressing vector.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'retroviral'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human betaretrovirus
B: avian retrovirus
C: avian retroviruses
D: amphibian retroviruses
E: retrovirus (aka unidentified retrovirus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, the titer of lacZ (PERV-B) from a conventional murine retroviral vector (split genome) was found to be 1.2x10(2) CFU/ml when the PERV-B env expression vector was transfected into TELCeB6 cells, which harbor MFGnlslacZ and the gag-pol-expressing vector.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'perv-b'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perdix perdix retrovirus
B: peropuvirus
C: porcine picobirnavirus
D: perrunavirus
E: perv (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus) (aka porcine endogenous retrovirus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, an infectious PERV-A clone containing enhanced GFP (EGFP) by using a PCR-based method was developed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'perv-a'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pigeon picornavirus a
B: perdix perdix retrovirus
C: pergamino virus
D: perrin park virus
E: pernambuco virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and characterization of a putative basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in the early stage of conidiophore development in Aspergillus oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sclerotium oryzae (aka nakataea oryzae)
B: pestalotiopsis oryzae
C: aspergillus cerealis
D: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
E: aspergillus neoellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel predicted bHLH protein-encoding gene, AO090023000902, designated ecdR (early conidiophore development regulator), in Aspergillus oryzae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
B: sclerotium oryzae (aka nakataea oryzae)
C: aspergillus oryzae var. oryzae
D: chitinophaga oryzae
E: aspergillus neoellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yeast two-hybrid assays and sclR, ecdR-double deletion experiment indicated that EcdR plays a major role in conidiation, and SclR represses this function by competitively interacting with EcdR in A. oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
B: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
E: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yeast two-hybrid assays and sclR, ecdR-double deletion experiment indicated that EcdR plays a major role in conidiation, and SclR represses this function by competitively interacting with EcdR in A. oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
B: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
C: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
D: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
E: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yeast two-hybrid assays and sclR, ecdR-double deletion experiment indicated that EcdR plays a major role in conidiation, and SclR represses this function by competitively interacting with EcdR in A. oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nostoc oryzae (anabaena oryzae) (aka nostoc oryzae)
B: kosakonia oryzae (enterobacter oryzae) (aka kosakonia oryzae)
C: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
D: pleomonas oryzae (aka pleomorphomonas oryzae)
E: apodus oryzae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The absence of sex-biased dispersal in the cooperatively breeding grey-crowned babbler.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'grey-crowned babbler'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scaly-crowned babbler (aka malacopteron cinereum)
B: grey-throated warbler (aka myiothlypis cinereicollis)
C: chestnut-crowned babbler (aka pomatostomus ruficeps)
D: gray-crowned babbler (aka pomatostomus temporalis)
E: yellow-billed babbler (aka argya affinis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. Disrupted dispersal is a purported cause of decline in the Australian grey-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus temporalis).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'grey-crowned babbler'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gray-crowned babbler (aka pomatostomus temporalis)
B: white-hooded babbler (aka gampsorhynchus rufulus)
C: grey-capped warbler (aka eminia lepida)
D: grey-headed babbler (aka stachyris poliocephala)
E: grey-throated warbler (aka myiothlypis cinereicollis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. Disrupted dispersal is a purported cause of decline in the Australian grey-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus temporalis).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pomatostomus temporalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhysipolis temporalis
B: gray-crowned babbler (aka pomatostomus temporalis)
C: dipsas temporalis (leptognathus temporalis) (aka dipsas temporalis)
D: stigmaeopsis temporalis
E: diaparsis temporalis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As both sexes appear to help, but only male helpers boost fledgling production, we hypothesized that males would be the more philopatric sex in this species, and that female grey-crowned babblers would disperse over greater distances.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'grey-crowned babblers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gray-crowned babbler (aka pomatostomus temporalis)
B: southern pied-babbler (aka turdoides bicolor)
C: black-chinned babbler (aka cyanoderma pyrrhops)
D: yellow-billed babbler (aka argya affinis)
E: short-tailed babbler (aka pellorneum malaccense)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We report on an in-vitro dual culture system of the plasmodiophorids Plasmodiophora brassicae and Spongospora subterranea with their respective plant hosts, Brassica rapa and Solanum tuberosum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'plasmodiophora brassicae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pratylenchus brassicae (radopholus brassicae) (aka pratylenchus brassicae)
B: plasmopara umbelliferarum (aka plasmopara nivea)
C: plasmodiophora brassicae
D: plasmopara pastinacae
E: 'brassica juncea' phytoplasma
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We report on an in-vitro dual culture system of the plasmodiophorids Plasmodiophora brassicae and Spongospora subterranea with their respective plant hosts, Brassica rapa and Solanum tuberosum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'spongospora subterranea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: adesmia subterranea
B: macrosiphoniella subterranea
C: conophytum subterraneum
D: spongospora subterranea
E: parthenopea subterranea
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We report on an in-vitro dual culture system of the plasmodiophorids Plasmodiophora brassicae and Spongospora subterranea with their respective plant hosts, Brassica rapa and Solanum tuberosum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'brassica rapa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brassica napus (rape (aka brassica napus))
B: brassica hirta (aka sinapis alba)
C: brassica rapa (field mustard) (aka brassica rapa)
D: pieris rapae (european cabbage white) (aka pieris rapae)
E: brassica
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We report on an in-vitro dual culture system of the plasmodiophorids Plasmodiophora brassicae and Spongospora subterranea with their respective plant hosts, Brassica rapa and Solanum tuberosum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'solanum tuberosum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum tomentosum (solanum ferox mill. ex dunal, 1852) (aka solanum tomentosum)
B: solanum mammosum
C: potato (aka solanum tuberosum)
D: solanum luteum (aka solanum villosum)
E: solanum trifolium
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We show that callus cultures harbouring S. subterranea provide an excellent starting material for gene discovery from this organism by constructing a pilot-scale DNA library.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. subterranea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sphingomonas subterranea (aka novosphingobium subterraneum)
B: melanospora subterranea
C: disciseda subterranea (bovista subterranea) (aka disciseda subterranea)
D: spongospora subterranea
E: nothoserrulina subterranea
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We show that callus cultures harbouring S. subterranea provide an excellent starting material for gene discovery from this organism by constructing a pilot-scale DNA library.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. subterranea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: disciseda subterranea (bovista subterranea) (aka disciseda subterranea)
B: sphingobium subterraneum
C: scarites subterraneus
D: solenopsis subterranea
E: stygocapitella subterranea
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bioinformatic analysis of the sequences established that almost all of the DNA clones from this library were from S. subterranea rather than the plant host.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. subterranea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: silpha subterranea (aka necrophilus subterraneus)
B: saprolegnia subterranea (isoachlya subterranea) (aka saprolegnia subterranea)
C: spongospora subterranea
D: roesleria subterranea (pilacre subterranea) (aka roesleria subterranea)
E: stygocapitella subterranea
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we sequenced plastid-encoded genes from L. chlorophorum, one pedinophyte species, one ulvophyte species, and six prasinophyte species.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. chlorophorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlorophytum bulbinifolium
B: chlorococcum littorale (aka alvikia littoralis)
C: phytophthora foliorum
D: chlorophytum viridescens
E: lepidodinium chlorophorum (gymnodinium chlorophorum) (aka lepidodinium chlorophorum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All the analyses of the 11-protein data set robustly grouped L. chlorophorum with members of the "core chlorophytes." Thus, we here propose that Lepidodinium plastids are of core chlorophyte origin.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. chlorophorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: selaginella caffrorum
B: chlorophytum viridescens
C: euphorbia lucorum
D: chlorophytum bulbinifolium
E: gymnodinium chlorophorum (aka lepidodinium chlorophorum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cross-talk between light and glucose regulation controls toxin production and morphogenesis in Aspergillus nidulans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
B: aphanothece nidulans
C: emericella nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
D: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
E: aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884 (aka aspergillus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study we show that in Aspergillus nidulans the effect of light on the production of the sterigmatocystin (ST) toxin depends on the glucose concentration.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884 (aka aspergillus oryzae)
B: aspergillus aureus
C: aspergillus tritici (aka aspergillus neotritici)
D: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
E: emericella nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and characterization of putative osmosensors, HwSho1A and HwSho1B, from the extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hortaea werneckii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: coryphantha werdermannii
B: helichrysum fleckii
C: cladosporium werneckii (aka hortaea werneckii)
D: saxifraga wahlenbergii
E: ipomoea hartmannii
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Sho1 protein is one of two potential osmosensors that can activate the kinase cascade of the HOG pathway in response to increased extracellular osmolarity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
B: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
C: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
D: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two novel SHO1-like genes, HwSHO1A and HwSHO1B, have been cloned from the saltern-inhabiting, extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hortaea werneckii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ruizterania wittrockii (qualea wittrockii) (aka ruizterania wittrockii)
B: lindsaea werneri
C: hortaea werneckii exf-2000
D: cladosporium werneckii (aka hortaea werneckii)
E: trithemis werneri
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When the HwSHO1 genes were transferred into S. cerevisae cells lacking the SHO1 gene, both of the HwSho1 isoforms fully complemented the function of the native S. cerevisiae Sho1 protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces mikatae
B: megasphaera cerevisiae
C: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When the HwSHO1 genes were transferred into S. cerevisae cells lacking the SHO1 gene, both of the HwSho1 isoforms fully complemented the function of the native S. cerevisiae Sho1 protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
C: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
D: saccharomyces oviformis (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces paradoxus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When the HwSHO1 genes were transferred into S. cerevisae cells lacking the SHO1 gene, both of the HwSho1 isoforms fully complemented the function of the native S. cerevisiae Sho1 protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
B: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
C: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
D: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through microscopic and biochemical validation, we demonstrate that in S. cerevisiae, both of the HwSho1 proteins have characteristic subcellular localizations similar to the S. cerevisiae Sho1 protein, and they can both activate the HOG pathway under conditions of osmotic stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces paradoxus
B: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
C: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
D: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
E: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through microscopic and biochemical validation, we demonstrate that in S. cerevisiae, both of the HwSho1 proteins have characteristic subcellular localizations similar to the S. cerevisiae Sho1 protein, and they can both activate the HOG pathway under conditions of osmotic stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces paradoxus
E: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To a lower extent, crosstalk to the mating pathway expressing HwSho1 proteins is conserved in the PBS2 deleted S. cerevisiae strain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
C: megasphaera cerevisiae
D: saccharomyces paradoxus
E: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data show that the HwSho1 proteins from H. werneckii are true functional homologs of the Sho1 protein of S. cerevisiae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. werneckii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helicteres eitenii
B: hortaea werneckii (cladosporium werneckii) (aka hortaea werneckii)
C: hohenbergia fawcettii (aka wittmackia fawcettii)
D: helicoma dennisii
E: helicius chikunii
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data show that the HwSho1 proteins from H. werneckii are true functional homologs of the Sho1 protein of S. cerevisiae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
C: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
D: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
E: saccharomyces paradoxus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A mutation in the Cc.ubc2 gene affects clamp cell morphogenesis as well as nuclear migration for dikaryosis in Coprinopsis cinerea.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'coprinopsis cinerea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: copiapoa cinerea
B: coprinus cinereus (aka coprinopsis cinerea)
C: alsophila cinerea (cyathea cinerea) (aka alsophila cinerea)
D: abrocoma cinerea
E: caiophora cinerea
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The formation and proliferation of the dikaryon in the agaricomycete Coprinopsis cinerea is controlled by the mating type genes, A and B. The B genes, which encode pheromones and pheromone receptors, control nuclear migration for dikaryosis as well as the fusion of the clamp cell with the subterminal cell while the A genes, which encode two classes of homeodomain proteins, control conjugate nuclear division associated with clamp connection development.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'coprinopsis cinerea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pimelea cinerea
B: abrocoma cinerea
C: procellaria cinerea
D: coprinopsis cineraria (psathyrella cineraria) (aka coprinopsis cineraria)
E: agaricus cinereus (aka coprinopsis cinerea)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Molecular analysis revealed that the gene responsible for the phenotypes, designated Cc.ubc2, encodes a protein similar to Ubc2, an adaptor protein for filamentous growth, pheromone response and virulence in the smut fungus Ustilago maydis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ustilago maydis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mycosarcoma maydis (ustilago maydis) (aka mycosarcoma maydis)
B: ustilago phragmitis
C: ustilago
D: ustilago maydis dsrna virus
E: ustilago filiformis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genome annotation and intraviral interactome for the Streptococcus pneumoniae virulent phage Dp-1.
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes several diseases, including pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus pneumoniae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus bovis (aka streptococcus equinus)
B: streptococcus pneumoniae (diplococcus pneumoniae) (aka streptococcus pneumoniae)
C: streptococcus parasuis
D: streptococcus
E: streptococcus sanguinis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genome annotation and intraviral interactome for the Streptococcus pneumoniae virulent phage Dp-1.
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes several diseases, including pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus pneumoniae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus
B: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
C: streptococcus parapneumoniae
D: diplococcus pneumoniae (aka streptococcus pneumoniae)
E: streptococcus suis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genome annotation and intraviral interactome for the Streptococcus pneumoniae virulent phage Dp-1.
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes several diseases, including pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'streptococcus pneumoniae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: streptococcus parasuis
B: streptococcus bovis (aka streptococcus equinus)
C: streptococcus
D: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
E: streptococcus parasanguinis (streptococcus parasanguis) (aka streptococcus parasanguinis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phage Dp-1 is one of the very few isolated virulent S. pneumoniae bacteriophages, but only a partial characterization is currently available.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. pneumoniae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus pneumoniae (aka klebsiella pneumoniae)
B: streptococcus parasuis
C: streptococcus hemolyticus (aka streptococcus pyogenes)
D: streptococcus parapneumoniae
E: micrococcus pneumoniae (aka streptococcus pneumoniae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Possible contributions of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 to the evolution of rosette flowering in Leavenworthia (Brassicaceae).
Leavenworthia crassa is a rosette flowering species that differs from inflorescence flowering species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, in having elongated pedicels and shortened interfloral internodes on the main axis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'leavenworthia crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leavenworthia crassa
B: lulworthia crassa (aka kohlmeyeriella crassa)
C: tabernaemontana crassa
D: leonia crassa
E: stehlikiana crassa
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Possible contributions of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 to the evolution of rosette flowering in Leavenworthia (Brassicaceae).
Leavenworthia crassa is a rosette flowering species that differs from inflorescence flowering species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, in having elongated pedicels and shortened interfloral internodes on the main axis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabis arenosa (aka arabidopsis arenosa)
B: arabidella
C: arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
D: agrotis aurulenta (aka euxoa aurulenta)
E: arabidopsis (cardaminopsis) (aka arabidopsis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We isolated LcrTFL1 and introduced a genomic construct into tfl1 mutant A. thaliana plants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amaranthus australis
B: atheta aegra
C: amaranthus aureus
D: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
E: sorosporium tumefaciens (aka anthracocystis tumefaciens)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our data show that there are substantive differences in the regulation and/or function of TFL1 orthologs between A. thaliana and L. crassa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amaranthus australis
B: plantago africana
C: arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
D: atheta aegra
E: agrotis atlantica (aka noctua atlantica)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our data show that there are substantive differences in the regulation and/or function of TFL1 orthologs between A. thaliana and L. crassa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: athearnia crassa (leptoxis crassa) (aka athearnia crassa)
B: congolapia crassa (tilapia crassa) (aka congolapia crassa)
C: leavenworthia crassa
D: tryella crassa
E: leonia crassa
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we used a combination of ionomic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profilings of complete shoots (pooling leaves, petioles and stems) to compare the extremophile Lotus creticus, adapted to highly saline coastal regions, and two cultivated glycophytic grassland forage species, Lotus corniculatus and Lotus tenuis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lotus creticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lotus palustris
B: lotus halophilus
C: lotus simonae
D: lotus commutatus (aka lotus creticus)
E: lotus arabicus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we used a combination of ionomic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profilings of complete shoots (pooling leaves, petioles and stems) to compare the extremophile Lotus creticus, adapted to highly saline coastal regions, and two cultivated glycophytic grassland forage species, Lotus corniculatus and Lotus tenuis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lotus corniculatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lotus glareosus
B: lotus divaricatus (aka lotus macrotrichus)
C: lotus corniculatus
D: lotus peregrinus
E: lotus glaucus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we used a combination of ionomic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profilings of complete shoots (pooling leaves, petioles and stems) to compare the extremophile Lotus creticus, adapted to highly saline coastal regions, and two cultivated glycophytic grassland forage species, Lotus corniculatus and Lotus tenuis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lotus tenuis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: goera tenuis
B: eulamprus tenuis (aka concinnia tenuis)
C: lotus tenuis (slender trefoil) (aka lotus tenuis)
D: boleophthalmus tenuis (aka scartelaos tenuis)
E: lotus hamatus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. creticus exhibited better survival after exposure to long-term lethal salinity and was more efficient at excluding Cl- from the shoots than the glycophytes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. creticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lasianthus lucidus
B: melilotus
C: lotus commutatus (aka lotus creticus)
D: leymus triticoides
E: lactarius aestivus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. creticus exhibited better survival after exposure to long-term lethal salinity and was more efficient at excluding Cl- from the shoots than the glycophytes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. creticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lotus aegaeus
B: melilotus
C: lotus glareosus
D: lasianthus lucidus
E: longidorus helveticus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Metabolite profiling showed that responses to NaCl in L. creticus shoots were globally similar to those of the glycophytes, providing little evidence for metabolic pre-adaptation to salinity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. creticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lactarius hora
B: lotus glareosus
C: lupinus crassus
D: lotus creticus (lotus commutatus) (aka lotus creticus)
E: lotus aegaeus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Proteotyping to establish the lineage of type A H1N1 and type B human influenza virus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'type a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype) (aka h1n1 subtype)
B: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
C: influenza a virus (a/unknown/usa/unknown(h4n6))
D: swine influenza virus
E: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Proteotyping to establish the lineage of type A H1N1 and type B human influenza virus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'type b human influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenzavirus b (aka betainfluenzavirus)
B: influenzavirus c (aka gammainfluenzavirus)
C: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
D: flubv (aka influenza b virus)
E: gammainfluenzavirus influenzae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ability to establish the lineage of type A H1N1 and type B human influenza virus strains using a new proteotyping approach is demonstrated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'type a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
B: influenza a virus (h1n1) (unidentified influenza a virus (h1n1)) (aka influenza a virus (h1n1))
C: swine influenza virus
D: alphainfluenzavirus influenzae
E: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ability to establish the lineage of type A H1N1 and type B human influenza virus strains using a new proteotyping approach is demonstrated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'type b human influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
B: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
C: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
D: swine influenza virus
E: influenzavirus c (aka gammainfluenzavirus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lineage-specific signature peptides have been determined for the hemagglutinin antigen of type A H1N1 and type B influenza viruses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'type a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
B: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
C: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
D: influenza virus type c (aka influenza c virus)
E: influenza a virus (a/china)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lineage-specific signature peptides have been determined for the hemagglutinin antigen of type A H1N1 and type B influenza viruses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'type b influenza viruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
B: influenza c viruses (aka influenza c virus)
C: betainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus b) (aka betainfluenzavirus)
D: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
E: flubv (aka influenza b virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This proteotyping approach complements conventional PCR approaches and should aid in the monitoring of the evolution of the influenza virus in both humans and animals.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avian influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
B: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
C: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
D: influenza c virus (influenza virus type c) (aka influenza c virus)
E: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This proteotyping approach complements conventional PCR approaches and should aid in the monitoring of the evolution of the influenza virus in both humans and animals.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human louse (aka pediculus humanus)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: glossus humanus (cardium humanum) (aka glossus humanus)
E: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Development of an IgM-capture ELISA for Coxsackievirus A16 infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'coxsackievirus a16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: coxsackievirus a14 (human coxsackievirus a14) (aka coxsackievirus a14)
B: human coxsackievirus a18 (aka coxsackievirus a18)
C: cv-a16 (aka coxsackievirus a16)
D: human coxsackievirus a13 (aka coxsackievirus a13)
E: coxsackievirus a16 (strain cva16-gz)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Development of an IgM-capture ELISA for Coxsackievirus A16 infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'coxsackievirus a16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: coxsackievirus a16 (coxsackie a virus type 16) (aka coxsackievirus a16)
B: coxsackievirus a16 (strain cva16-gz)
C: human coxsackievirus a13 (aka coxsackievirus a13)
D: coxsackievirus a18 (human coxsackievirus a18) (aka coxsackievirus a18)
E: coxsackievirus a11 (human coxsackievirus a11) (aka coxsackievirus a11)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Diagnosis of Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) infection in China relies mainly on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that require expensive equipment and special trained personnel, thus making its wide application in health care settings unlikely.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'coxsackievirus a16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: coxsackievirus a16 (strain cva16-gz)
B: coxsackievirus a13 (human coxsackievirus a13) (aka coxsackievirus a13)
C: coxsackievirus a18 (human coxsackievirus a18) (aka coxsackievirus a18)
D: cv-a12 (aka coxsackievirus a12)
E: coxsackievirus a11 (human coxsackievirus a11) (aka coxsackievirus a11)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Diagnosis of Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) infection in China relies mainly on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that require expensive equipment and special trained personnel, thus making its wide application in health care settings unlikely.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: colon viennense
B: candida albicans ca6
C: caerois
D: crotalaria cornu-ammonis
E: genista cinerea subsp. murcica (genista murcica) (aka genista cinerea subsp. murcica)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, a novel IgM anti-CA16 assay was developed for the detection of IgM antibodies to CA16 in serum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: caecidae
B: staphylococcus aureus ca11
C: cva16 (aka coxsackievirus a16)
D: colon viennense
E: crotalaria cornu-ammonis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, a novel IgM anti-CA16 assay was developed for the detection of IgM antibodies to CA16 in serum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: canga
B: cva-6 (aka coxsackievirus a6)
C: uncultured organism ca37
D: caio
E: genista cinerea subsp. murcica (genista murcica) (aka genista cinerea subsp. murcica)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The responses and diagnostic value of IgM for the CA16 infection were assessed by testing 1970 serum samples.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: colon viennense
B: cazia
C: colga
D: enterovirus ca6 (aka coxsackievirus a6)
E: caecidae
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results showed that sensitivity of IgM test was 84.6% (259/306, 95% CI: 80.1-88.5), and specificity in control subjects and patients with CA16 HFMD was 99.2% (1508/1520, 95% CI: 98.6-99.6) and 90.3% (14/144, 95% CI: 84.2-94.6), respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: canga
B: colga
C: candida albicans ca6
D: cva-16 (aka coxsackievirus a16)
E: cva-6 (aka coxsackievirus a6)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The cross-reaction rate in patients infected with other non-CA16 enteroviruses was 9.7% (14/144).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: colga
B: cea
C: canga
D: firmicutes bacterium ca7
E: cva16 (aka coxsackievirus a16)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results suggest that the IgM anti-CA16 assay offers a rapid, convenient, and reliable method to detect acute CA16 infections.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: crotalaria cornu-ammonis
B: canga
C: uncultured organism ca37
D: colga
E: caecidae
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results suggest that the IgM anti-CA16 assay offers a rapid, convenient, and reliable method to detect acute CA16 infections.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ca16'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cazia
B: uncultured organism ca37
C: caecidae
D: candida albicans ca6
E: colon viennense
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Responses of the pea aphid transcriptome to infection by facultative symbionts.
Serratia symbiotica is a facultative symbiont of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) that provides tolerance to heat stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pea aphid'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cotton aphid (aka aphis gossypii)
B: aphids (aka aphididae)
C: pea aphid (aka acyrthosiphon pisum)
D: black bean aphid (aka aphis fabae)
E: aphidius tarsalis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Responses of the pea aphid transcriptome to infection by facultative symbionts.
Serratia symbiotica is a facultative symbiont of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) that provides tolerance to heat stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pea aphid'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brown peach aphid (aka pterochloroides persicae)
B: black bean aphid (aka aphis fabae)
C: aphidius rubi (aka aphidius urticae)
D: aphidius avenaphis
E: aphids (aka aphididae)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Responses of the pea aphid transcriptome to infection by facultative symbionts.
Serratia symbiotica is a facultative symbiont of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) that provides tolerance to heat stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'serratia symbiotica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: serratia symbiotica (cacopsylla coccinea)
B: serratia oryzae
C: serratia odorifera
D: candidatus serratia symbiotica (aka serratia symbiotica)
E: saphonecrus symbioticus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Responses of the pea aphid transcriptome to infection by facultative symbionts.
Serratia symbiotica is a facultative symbiont of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) that provides tolerance to heat stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pea aphids'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cotton aphid (aka aphis gossypii)
B: pea aphid (aka acyrthosiphon pisum)
C: cowpea aphid (aka aphis craccivora)
D: aphidius tarsalis
E: bird cherry-oat aphid (aka rhopalosiphum padi)
F: None of the above. | B |
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