instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the importance of these host genes in controlling VV infections, mouse single-gene knockouts of RNase L and PKR and double-knockout mice were studied following intratracheal infection with VV, VVDeltaK3L, or VVDeltaE3L. VV caused lethal disease in all mouse strains.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
B: southeastern asian house mouse (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
D: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
E: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The single-knockout animals were more susceptible than wild-type animals, while the RNase L(-/-) PKR(-/-) mice were the most susceptible.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
E: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'VVDeltaE3L infections of wild-type mice were asymptomatic, demonstrating that E3L plays a critical role in controlling the host immune response.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
E: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RNase L(-/-) mice showed no disease, whereas 20% of the PKR(-/-) mice succumbed at a dose of 10(8) PFU.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
B: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: southeastern asian house mouse (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RNase L(-/-) mice showed no disease, whereas 20% of the PKR(-/-) mice succumbed at a dose of 10(8) PFU.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
B: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
C: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
D: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lethal disease was routinely observed in RNase L(-/-) PKR(-/-) mice inoculated with 10(8) PFU of VVDeltaE3L, with a distinct pathology.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
B: mus musculus castaneus (southeastern asian house mouse) (aka mus musculus castaneus)
C: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
E: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'VVDeltaK3L infections exhibited no differences in virulence among any of the mouse constructs, suggesting that PKR is not the exclusive target of K3L. Surprisingly, VVDeltaK3L did not disseminate to other tissues from the lung.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
B: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
C: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'VVDeltaK3L infections exhibited no differences in virulence among any of the mouse constructs, suggesting that PKR is not the exclusive target of K3L. Surprisingly, VVDeltaK3L did not disseminate to other tissues from the lung.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
D: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Amino acid divergence between the CHS domain contributes to the different intracellular behaviour of Family II fungal chitin synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces paradoxus
B: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we addressed the characterization of Family II fungal CSs by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
B: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
C: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
E: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Full-length CSs from classes V or IV were not functional when expressed in S. cerevisiae and accumulated in different intracellular compartments.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: megasphaera cerevisiae
B: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces paradoxus
D: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
E: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Structural and functional insights into Aeropyrum pernix OppA, a member of a novel archaeal OppA subfamily.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aeropyrum pernix'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: [pasteurella] aerogenes (pasteurella aerogenes) (aka [pasteurella] aerogenes)
B: perognathus pernix (aka chaetodipus pernix)
C: perdix torqueola (aka arborophila torqueola)
D: aeropyrum pernix
E: perdix orientalis (aka arborophila orientalis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study we gain insight into the structural and functional characterization of the Aeropyrum pernix oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA(Ap)) previously identified from the extracellular medium of an Aeropyrum pernix cell culture at late stationary phase.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aeropyrum pernix'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aeropyrum pernix
B: perognathus pernix (aka chaetodipus pernix)
C: aerococcus tenax
D: grey partridge (aka perdix perdix)
E: panaeolus fraxinophilus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study we gain insight into the structural and functional characterization of the Aeropyrum pernix oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA(Ap)) previously identified from the extracellular medium of an Aeropyrum pernix cell culture at late stationary phase.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aeropyrum pernix'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aerobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
B: perdix orientalis (aka arborophila orientalis)
C: aeropyrum pernix
D: [pasteurella] aerogenes (pasteurella aerogenes) (aka [pasteurella] aerogenes)
E: aeropyrum sp.
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Finally, a new OppA from Sulfolobus solfataricus, SSO1288, was purified and preliminarily characterized, allowing the identification of a common structural/genetic organization shared by all "true" archaeal OppA proteins of the dipeptide/oligopeptide class.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sulfolobus solfataricus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sulfolobus islandicus (aka saccharolobus islandicus)
B: sulfolobus solfataricus (aka saccharolobus solfataricus)
C: sulfolobus acidocaldarius susaz
D: sulfolobus shibatae (aka saccharolobus shibatae)
E: sulfolobus acidocaldarius
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Complete genome sequence of the haloaromatic acid-degrading bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain A8 was isolated from soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'achromobacter xylosoxidans a8'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: achromobacter xylosoxidans strain a8 (aka achromobacter xylosoxidans a8)
B: achromobacter xilosoxidans (aka achromobacter xylosoxidans)
C: achromobacter lyticus
D: achromobacter pestifer
E: achromobacter anxifer (achromobacter genogroup 7) (aka achromobacter anxifer)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Complete genome sequence of the haloaromatic acid-degrading bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain A8 was isolated from soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'achromobacter xylosoxidans strain a8'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: achromobacter denitrificans (achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans) (aka achromobacter denitrificans)
B: achromobacter xylosoxidans a8 (achromobacter xylosoxidans strain a8) (aka achromobacter xylosoxidans a8)
C: achromobacter lyticus
D: achromobacter xylosoxidans strain nh44784-1996 (aka achromobacter xylosoxidans nh44784-1996)
E: alcaligenes xylosoxidans (aka achromobacter xylosoxidans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The genome of A. xylosoxidans consists of a 7-Mb chromosome and two large plasmids (98 kb and 248 kb).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. xylosoxidans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: achromobacter xylosoxidans jcm 9787
B: xanthobacter aminoxidans ("blastobacter aminooxidans" doronina et al. 1984) (aka xanthobacter aminoxidans)
C: achromobacter xilosoxidans (aka achromobacter xylosoxidans)
D: alcaligenes xylosoxydans denitrificans (aka achromobacter denitrificans)
E: acidithrix ferrooxidans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The genome of A. xylosoxidans consists of a 7-Mb chromosome and two large plasmids (98 kb and 248 kb).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. xylosoxidans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oxalis nidulans
B: achromobacter xylosoxidans jcm 9787
C: acidithrix ferrooxidans
D: anoxybacter fermentans
E: alcaligenes xylosoxydans denitrificans (aka achromobacter denitrificans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Differential responses of Bacillus subtilis rRNA promoters to nutritional stress.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus (aka bacillus <walking sticks>)
B: bacillus (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
C: bacillus uniflagellatus (aka bacillus subtilis)
D: bacillus aerius
E: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus pumilus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The in vivo expression levels of four rRNA promoter pairs (rrnp(1)p(2)) of Bacillus subtilis were determined by employing single-copy lacZ fusions integrated at the amyE locus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
B: bacillus rossius
C: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus pumilus)
D: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus subtilis)
E: sporobolus subtilis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data reveal the complex nature of B. subtilis rrn promoter regulation in response to stress, and they suggest that the P2 promoters may play a more prominent role in the stringent response.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sporobolus subtilis
B: bacillus (aka bacillus <walking sticks>)
C: vibrio subtilis (aka bacillus subtilis)
D: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
E: bacillus amylolyticus (aka paenibacillus amylolyticus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Biochemical characterization of UDP-Gal:GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase WfeD, a new enzyme from Shigella boydii type 14 that catalyzes the second step in O-antigen repeating-unit synthesis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'shigella boydii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: shigella flexneri 2002091
B: shigella boydii
C: bacterium sonnei (aka shigella sonnei)
D: shigella dysenteriae 1
E: bacillus dysenteriae (aka shigella dysenteriae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Shigella is a Gram-negative human pathogen that causes diarrhea in humans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pediculus humanus corporis (pediculus humanus humanus) (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
B: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
C: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
D: gymnopleurus humanus
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Shigella is a Gram-negative human pathogen that causes diarrhea in humans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neanderthal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
B: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
C: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: human louse (aka pediculus humanus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The O antigen of Shigella boydii type 14 consists of repeating oligosaccharide units with the structure [->6-d-Galpalpha1->4-d-GlcpABeta1->6-d-GalpBeta1->4-d-GalpBeta1->4-d-GlcpNAcBeta1->]n.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'shigella boydii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia/shigella flexneri (aka shigella flexneri)
B: shigella dysenteriae 1
C: shigella boydii
D: shigella rettgeri (aka providencia rettgeri)
E: shigella equi (aka actinobacillus equuli)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The wfeD gene in the O-antigen gene cluster of Shigella boydii type 14 was proposed to encode a galactosyltransferase (GalT) involved in O-antigen synthesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'shigella boydii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: shigella sonnei (bacterium sonnei) (aka shigella sonnei)
B: bacillus dysenteriae (aka shigella dysenteriae)
C: shigella flexneri (escherichia/shigella flexneri) (aka shigella flexneri)
D: shigella boydii
E: shigella pseudotuberculosis (aka yersinia pseudotuberculosis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'WfeD was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the activity was characterized by using UDP-[^3H]Gal as the donor substrate as well as the synthetic acceptor substrate GlcNAcalpha-pyrophosphate-(CH2)11-O-phenyl.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
B: entamoeba coli
C: escherichia coli 97.1742
D: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Spatial regulation of histidine kinases governing biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Bacillus subtilis is able to form architecturally complex biofilms on solid medium due to the production of an extracellular matrix.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus subtilis)
B: sporobolus subtilis
C: bacillus (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
D: bacillus rossius
E: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Spatial regulation of histidine kinases governing biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Bacillus subtilis is able to form architecturally complex biofilms on solid medium due to the production of an extracellular matrix.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus longisporus ('bacillus longisporus') (aka bacillus longisporus)
B: bacillus aerophilus
C: bacillus albus
D: sowerbaea subtilis
E: bacillus amylolyticus (aka paenibacillus amylolyticus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Spatial regulation of histidine kinases governing biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Bacillus subtilis is able to form architecturally complex biofilms on solid medium due to the production of an extracellular matrix.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus longisporus ('bacillus longisporus') (aka bacillus longisporus)
B: bacillus (aka bacillus <walking sticks>)
C: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus pumilus)
D: sowerbaea subtilis
E: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus subtilis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The atypical OmpR/PhoB response regulator ChxR from Chlamydia trachomatis forms homodimers in vivo and binds a direct repeat of nucleotide sequences.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlamydia trachomatis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydophila (aka chlamydia)
B: chlamydia suis
C: rickettsia trachomae (aka chlamydia trachomatis)
D: chlamydophila abortus (aka chlamydia abortus)
E: chlamydia muridarum (agent of mouse pneumonitis) (aka chlamydia muridarum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Altered regulation of the OmpF porin by Fis in Escherichia coli during an evolution experiment and between B and K-12 strains.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: entamoeba coli
B: escherichia coli 97.1742
C: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli 99.1793
E: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We previously identified mutations in the global regulator-encoding gene fis that enhanced organismal fitness during a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: entamoeba coli
B: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
C: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
D: escherichia coli c
E: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We found that Fis controls the expression of the major porin-encoding gene ompF in the E. coli B-derived ancestral strain used in the evolution experiment, a relationship that has not been described before.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacterium coli commune (aka escherichia coli)
B: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
C: vibrio coli (aka campylobacter coli)
D: entamoeba coli
E: e. coli w (aka escherichia coli w)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On the longer time scale, we showed that this regulation of ompF by Fis is absent from the more widely studied K-12 strain and thus is specific to the B strain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'k-12 strain'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli k1
B: bacterium k10
C: 'klebsiella milletis' (aka klebsiella milletis)
D: escherichia coli k02
E: micrococcus radiophilus (aka deinococcus radiophilus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On the longer time scale, we showed that this regulation of ompF by Fis is absent from the more widely studied K-12 strain and thus is specific to the B strain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b strain'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brucella
B: bacillus bronchisepticus (aka bordetella bronchiseptica)
C: brucella haematophila (ochrobactrum haematophilum) (aka brucella haematophila)
D: subgroup b
E: bacillus septicus (aka clostridium septicum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On a shorter time scale, this regulatory linkage was lost during 20,000 generations of experimental evolution of the B strain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b strain'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacilli bacterium
B: aerobic bacillus
C: bacterium be
D: brucella
E: bacillus septicus (aka clostridium septicum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fur and the novel regulator YqjI control transcription of the ferric reductase gene yqjH in Escherichia coli.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 97.1742
B: escherichia coli c
C: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli 9.1796
E: escherichia coli 99.1793
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In Escherichia coli, the yqjH gene encodes a putative ferric siderophore reductase that is also part of the Fur regulon.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 99.1762
B: escherichia coli 99.1793
C: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
E: escherichia coli 97.1742
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In Escherichia coli, the yqjH gene encodes a putative ferric siderophore reductase that is also part of the Fur regulon.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 97.1742
B: vibrio coli (aka campylobacter coli)
C: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
D: escherichia coli 99.1793
E: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we show that YqjH has ferric reductase activity and is required for iron homeostasis in E. coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia
B: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
C: escherichia coli c
D: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
E: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, we found that elevated nickel stress levels disrupt iron homeostasis in E. coli and that deletion of yqjH increases nickel toxicity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
B: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: escherichia coli 9.1796
D: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genome copy numbers and gene conversion in methanogenic archaea.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanogenic archaea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: archaeobacteria (aka methanobacteria)
B: methanobacter (aka methanothermobacter)
C: methanococcus
D: methanococci archaeon
E: methanocellales archaeon
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previous studies revealed that one species of methanogenic archaea, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, is polyploid, while a second species, Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, is diploid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanogenic archaea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanococci archaeon
B: methanoeremita
C: methanogenic archaeon
D: methanococcaceae archaeon
E: methanosarcinales archaeon
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previous studies revealed that one species of methanogenic archaea, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, is polyploid, while a second species, Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, is diploid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanocaldococcus jannaschii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanocaldococcus bathoardescens
B: 'methanothermus jannaschii' (aka methanothermus jannaschii)
C: methanocaldococcus jannaschii (methanococcus jannaschii) (aka methanocaldococcus jannaschii)
D: methanocaldococcus villosus
E: methanocaldococcus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Previous studies revealed that one species of methanogenic archaea, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, is polyploid, while a second species, Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, is diploid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanothermobacter thermophilus (methanobacterium thermophilum) (aka methanothermobacter thermophilus)
B: methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus (methanococcus thermolithotrophicus) (aka methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus)
C: methanothermobacter thermoflexus (methanobacterium thermoflexum) (aka methanothermobacter thermoflexus)
D: methanobacterium thermalcaliphilum (aka methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus)
E: methanobacter (aka methanothermobacter)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further investigate the distribution of ploidy in methanogenic archaea, species of two additional genera-Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanococcus maripaludis-were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanogenic archaea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanoeremita
B: euryarchaeotes (aka methanobacteriota)
C: methanobacteriota archaeon (euryarchaeota archaeon) (aka methanobacteriota archaeon)
D: methanosarcinales archaeon
E: methanococci (methanothermea) (aka methanococci)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further investigate the distribution of ploidy in methanogenic archaea, species of two additional genera-Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanococcus maripaludis-were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanosarcina acetivorans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanosarcina baltica
B: methanosaeta thermoacetophila (aka methanothrix thermoacetophila)
C: methanosarcina vacuolata
D: methanosarcina acetivorans
E: methanosarcina barkerii (aka methanosarcina barkeri)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further investigate the distribution of ploidy in methanogenic archaea, species of two additional genera-Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanococcus maripaludis-were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanococcus maripaludis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanococcoides orientis
B: methanococcus maripaludis (methanococcus deltae) (aka methanococcus maripaludis)
C: methanococcus halophilus (aka methanohalophilus halophilus)
D: methanococcus aeolicus
E: methanobacterium arcticum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'M. acetivorans was found to be polyploid during fast growth (t(D)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. acetivorans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: acetothermus paucivorans
B: methanosarcina acetivorans
C: methylobacillus methanolivorans
D: flavobacterium acetivorans
E: spectribacter acetivorans
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'M. acetivorans was found to be polyploid during fast growth (t(D)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. acetivorans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spectribacter acetivorans
B: albibacter methylovorans
C: stenoxybacter acetivorans
D: acetobacter oryzifermentans
E: acetothermus paucivorans
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'M. maripaludis has the highest ploidy level found for any archaeal species, with up to 55 genome copies in exponential phase and ca. 30 in stationary phase.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. maripaludis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methylobacter marinus
B: methanococcus deltae (aka methanococcus maripaludis)
C: methanobacterium paludis
D: methanogenium marinum
E: methylocapsa polymorpha
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Making use of a previously constructed heterozygous mutant strain of the polyploid M. maripaludis we could show that in the absence of selection very fast equalization of genomes in M. maripaludis took place probably via a gene conversion mechanism.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. maripaludis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methylomonas paludis
B: methanococcus maripaludis (methanococcus deltae) (aka methanococcus maripaludis)
C: methylocaldum marinum
D: microbispora maris
E: methylocapsa palsarum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Making use of a previously constructed heterozygous mutant strain of the polyploid M. maripaludis we could show that in the absence of selection very fast equalization of genomes in M. maripaludis took place probably via a gene conversion mechanism.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. maripaludis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methylobacter marinus
B: microbispora maris
C: methanobacterium paludis
D: methanococcus deltae (aka methanococcus maripaludis)
E: methanopyrus kandleri
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of binary interactions between human cytomegalovirus virion proteins.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions are composed of a DNA-containing nucleocapsid surrounded by a tegument layer and host-derived lipid envelope studded with virally encoded glycoproteins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human cytomegalovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: murine cytomegalovirus (aka murid betaherpesvirus 1)
B: human cytomegalovirus (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
C: human herpesvirus type 7 (aka human betaherpesvirus 7)
D: rhesus cytomegalovirus (aka macacine betaherpesvirus 3)
E: human herpesvirus 8 (aka human gammaherpesvirus 8)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of binary interactions between human cytomegalovirus virion proteins.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions are composed of a DNA-containing nucleocapsid surrounded by a tegument layer and host-derived lipid envelope studded with virally encoded glycoproteins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human cytomegalovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: porcine cytomegalovirus (aka suid betaherpesvirus 2)
B: human herpesvirus 5 (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
C: unidentified cytomegalovirus
D: murine cytomegalovirus mcmv (aka murid betaherpesvirus 1)
E: human cytomegalovirus (strain pt) (aka human herpesvirus 5 strain pt)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of binary interactions between human cytomegalovirus virion proteins.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions are composed of a DNA-containing nucleocapsid surrounded by a tegument layer and host-derived lipid envelope studded with virally encoded glycoproteins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: japanese cytomegalovirus
B: herpes virus b (aka macacine alphaherpesvirus 1)
C: human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169 (human cytomegalovirus (strain ad169)) (aka human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169)
D: rodent herpesvirus
E: human cytomegalovirus (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Assembly of HCMV virions is poorly understood, especially with respect to acquisition of the tegument; however, it is thought to involve the stepwise addition of virion components through protein-protein interactions.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human herpesvirus type 5 (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
B: herpes b virus (aka macacine alphaherpesvirus 1)
C: japanese cytomegalovirus
D: porcine cytomegalovirus (aka suid betaherpesvirus 2)
E: murine cytomegalovirus (aka murid betaherpesvirus 1)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We sought to identify interactions among HCMV virion proteins using yeast two-hybrid analysis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human cytomegalovirus (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
B: herpesvirus m (aka saimiriine alphaherpesvirus 1)
C: herpes virus b (aka macacine alphaherpesvirus 1)
D: human herpesvirus 7 (aka human betaherpesvirus 7)
E: porcine cytomegalovirus (aka suid betaherpesvirus 2)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We sought to identify interactions among HCMV virion proteins using yeast two-hybrid analysis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
B: saccharomyces drosophilarum (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We identified 24 interactions among HCMV virion proteins, including 13 novel interactions among tegument proteins and one novel interaction between capsid proteins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: unidentified cytomegalovirus
B: herpesvirus m (aka saimiriine alphaherpesvirus 1)
C: herpes virus b (aka macacine alphaherpesvirus 1)
D: human herpesvirus 5 (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
E: human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169 (human cytomegalovirus (strain ad169)) (aka human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We identified 24 interactions among HCMV virion proteins, including 13 novel interactions among tegument proteins and one novel interaction between capsid proteins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: herpes virus b (aka macacine alphaherpesvirus 1)
B: human herpesvirus type 1 (aka human alphaherpesvirus 1)
C: human betaherpesvirus 6a (human herpesvirus 6a) (aka human betaherpesvirus 6a)
D: human herpesvirus 7 (aka human betaherpesvirus 7)
E: murine cytomegalovirus (aka murid betaherpesvirus 1)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, we demonstrate three of these interactions in the context of HCMV infection.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human herpesvirus 8 (aka human gammaherpesvirus 8)
B: murine cytomegalovirus (aka murid betaherpesvirus 1)
C: human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169 (human cytomegalovirus (strain ad169)) (aka human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169)
D: cytomegalovirus
E: human herpesvirus 5 (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study reveals several new protein-protein interactions among HCMV tegument proteins, some of which are likely important for HCMV replication and pathogenesis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human cytomegalovirus (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
B: human herpesvirus 6b (aka human betaherpesvirus 6b)
C: human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169 (human cytomegalovirus (strain ad169)) (aka human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169)
D: cytomegalovirus
E: murine cytomegalovirus (aka murid betaherpesvirus 1)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study reveals several new protein-protein interactions among HCMV tegument proteins, some of which are likely important for HCMV replication and pathogenesis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcmv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human cytomegalovirus (aka human betaherpesvirus 5)
B: human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169 (human cytomegalovirus (strain ad169)) (aka human herpesvirus 5 strain ad169)
C: porcine cytomegalovirus (aka suid betaherpesvirus 2)
D: human herpesvirus type 1 (aka human alphaherpesvirus 1)
E: unidentified cytomegalovirus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Acyl-homoserine lactone binding to and stability of the orphan Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing signal receptor QscR.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pasteurella pestis (aka yersinia pestis)
B: bacterium pyocyaneum (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
C: pseudomonas nosocomialis (aka stutzerimonas nosocomialis)
D: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
E: pseudomonas haemolytica
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcription factor QscR responds to a variety of fatty acyl-homoserine lactones (HSLs), including N-3-oxododecanoyl-HSL (3OC12-HSL), which is produced and detected by the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing circuit LasI', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
B: pseudomonas aeruginosa (schroeter 1872) migula 1900 (approved lists 1980) (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
C: pseudomonas nosocomialis (aka stutzerimonas nosocomialis)
D: pseudomonas poae
E: pseudomonas wisconsinensis ('pseudomonas wisconsinensis') (aka pseudomonas wisconsinensis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcription factor QscR responds to a variety of fatty acyl-homoserine lactones (HSLs), including N-3-oxododecanoyl-HSL (3OC12-HSL), which is produced and detected by the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing circuit LasI', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: [pasteurella] aerogenes (pasteurella aerogenes) (aka [pasteurella] aerogenes)
B: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
C: pasteurella pseudotuberculosis (aka yersinia pseudotuberculosis)
D: pasteuria
E: pseudomonas aeruginosa (schroeter 1872) migula 1900 (approved lists 1980) (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We also obtained soluble QscR from recombinant Escherichia coli grown in the presence of N-3-oxohexanoyl-HSL (3OC6-HSL) instead of 3OC12-HSL, and because 3OC6-HSL bound much more loosely to QscR than other acyl-HSLs tested, we were able to exchange 3OC6-HSL with other acyl-HSLs in vitro and then estimate binding affinities of QscR for different acyl-HSLs and for target DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 99.1762
B: entamoeba coli
C: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli 97.1742
E: vibrio coli (aka campylobacter coli)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hepatitis delta virus.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, defective RNA virus that can infect only individuals who have hepatitis B virus (HBV); worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis delta virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis d virus (isolate american) (aka hepatitis delta virus (isolate american))
B: hepatovirus d
C: hepatitis delta virus (hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus))
D: hepatitis delta virus (isolate italian) (hepatitis d virus (isolate italian)) (aka hepatitis delta virus (isolate italian))
E: hepatitis d virus 2
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hepatitis delta virus.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, defective RNA virus that can infect only individuals who have hepatitis B virus (HBV); worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis delta virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis d virus 1
B: hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus) (aka hepatitis delta virus)
C: hepatitis delta virus (isolate american) (hepatitis d virus (isolate american)) (aka hepatitis delta virus (isolate american))
D: hepatitis d virus 2
E: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hepatitis delta virus.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, defective RNA virus that can infect only individuals who have hepatitis B virus (HBV); worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: durham virus
B: hepatitis delta virus hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus)
C: hordeivirus
D: dhv-1 (aka avihepatovirus a)
E: domestic dog hepadnavirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hepatitis delta virus.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, defective RNA virus that can infect only individuals who have hepatitis B virus (HBV); worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: deltavirus italiense (hdv-1) (aka deltavirus italiense)
B: human type d retrovirus (human retrovirus type d) (aka human type d retrovirus)
C: hdv-2 (aka deltavirus japanense)
D: hordeivirus
E: hdv-3 (aka deltavirus peruense)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hepatitis delta virus.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, defective RNA virus that can infect only individuals who have hepatitis B virus (HBV); worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis b virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis gb virus b (aka gb virus-b)
B: human hepatitis b virus hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
C: hepatovirus b
D: horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus (hbhbv) (aka horseshoe bat hepatitis b virus)
E: hepatitis b virus 2
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hepatitis delta virus.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, defective RNA virus that can infect only individuals who have hepatitis B virus (HBV); worldwide more than 15 million people are co-infected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus) (aka duck hepatitis b virus)
B: bat hepatitis b virus
C: hbv-i (aka hepatitis b virus genotype i)
D: hepatitis b virus, hbv (aka hepatitis b virus)
E: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There are eight reported genotypes of HDV with unexplained variations in their geographical distribution and pathogenicity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domestic dog hepadnavirus
B: durham virus
C: dhv-1 (aka avihepatovirus a)
D: hepatitis d virus (aka hepatitis delta virus)
E: rhdv (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus) (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The hepatitis D virion is composed of a coat of HBV envelope proteins surrounding the nucleocapsid, which consists of a single-stranded, circular RNA genome complexed with delta antigen, the viral protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis d'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis b virus genotype d (hbv genotype d) (aka hepatitis b virus genotype d)
B: hepatitis d virus 3
C: hepatitis d virus (isolate tw2476) (aka hepatitis delta virus (isolate tw2476))
D: hepatitis d virus (aka hepatitis delta virus)
E: hepatitis d virus 1
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The hepatitis D virion is composed of a coat of HBV envelope proteins surrounding the nucleocapsid, which consists of a single-stranded, circular RNA genome complexed with delta antigen, the viral protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
B: non-human hbv
C: hepatitis b virus (human hepatitis b virus hbv) (aka hepatitis b virus)
D: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
E: hepatitis b virus genotype b (hbv genotype b) (aka hepatitis b virus genotype b)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HDV is clinically important because although it suppresses HBV replication, it causes severe liver disease with rapid progression to cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human enterovirus d (aka enterovirus d)
B: hepatitis d virus (aka hepatitis delta virus)
C: rhdv (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus) (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus)
D: hdv-2 (aka deltavirus japanense)
E: hihdivirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HDV is clinically important because although it suppresses HBV replication, it causes severe liver disease with rapid progression to cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hbv (aka hepatitis b virus) (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: bat hepatitis b virus
C: gb virus-b (hepatitis gb virus b) (aka gb virus-b)
D: hepatitis b virus (subtype ayw) (aka hepatitis b virus subtype ayw)
E: hepatitis b-type viruses (aka hepadnaviridae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The prevalence of HDV is declining in some endemic areas but increasing in northern and central Europe because of immigration.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avian hdv-like agent
B: dhv-1 (aka avihepatovirus a)
C: hordeivirus
D: hepatitis d virus (aka hepatitis delta virus)
E: durham virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Treatment of HDV is with pegylated interferon alfa; however, response rates are poor.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hdv-4 (aka deltavirus taiwanense)
B: hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus) (aka hepatitis delta virus)
C: rhdv-sd (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus-sd)
D: human enterovirus d (aka enterovirus d)
E: hordeivirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Increased understanding of the molecular virology of HDV will identify novel therapeutic targets for this most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hihdivirus
B: rhdv-sd (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus-sd)
C: hdv-1 (aka deltavirus italiense)
D: hepatitis delta virus (hdv (aka hepatitis delta virus))
E: hdv-3 (aka deltavirus peruense)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Increased understanding of the molecular virology of HDV will identify novel therapeutic targets for this most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rhdv (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus) (aka rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus)
B: human type d retrovirus (human retrovirus type d) (aka human type d retrovirus)
C: hihdivirus
D: dhv-1 (aka avihepatovirus a)
E: domestic dog hepadnavirus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Role of the F1 region in the Escherichia coli aerotaxis receptor Aer.
In Escherichia coli, the aerotaxis receptor Aer is an atypical receptor because it senses intracellular redox potential.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
B: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
C: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli 99.1762
E: escherichia coli c
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Role of the F1 region in the Escherichia coli aerotaxis receptor Aer.
In Escherichia coli, the aerotaxis receptor Aer is an atypical receptor because it senses intracellular redox potential.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 99.1793
B: escherichia coli 9.1796
C: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
D: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
E: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The peptidoglycan-binding protein FimV promotes assembly of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilus secretin.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas pyocyanea (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
B: pseudomonas paralactis
C: pseudomonas nosocomialis (aka stutzerimonas nosocomialis)
D: pseudomonas haemolytica
E: pasteurella pestis (aka yersinia pestis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Pseudomonas aeruginosa inner membrane protein FimV is among several proteins of unknown function required for type IV pilus-mediated twitching motility, arising from extension and retraction of pili from their site of assembly in the inner membrane.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
B: pseudomonas haemolytica
C: pseudomonas poae
D: pseudomonas rugosa (aka pseudomonas putida)
E: micrococcus pyocyaneus (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although fimV mutants are nonmotile, they are susceptible to killing by pilus-specific bacteriophage, a hallmark of retractable surface pili.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacteriophage'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacterial virus (aka cystoviridae)
B: inovirus
C: bacteriophage sp. (unidentified bacteriophage) (aka bacteriophage sp.)
D: filamentous phage (filamentous bacteriophage) (aka filamentous phage)
E: bacteriophage sp (aka enterobacteria phage sp)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Human resources for health in southeast Asia: shortages, distributional challenges, and international trade in health services.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human body louse (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
B: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
C: homo (humans) (aka homo)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: carcharhinus humani
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To ensure that vital human resources for health are available to meet the needs of the populations that they serve, migration management and retention strategies need to be integrated into ongoing efforts to strengthen health systems in southeast Asia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
C: gymnopleurus humanus
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: great apes (aka hominidae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Double-antigen sandwich ELISA for the detection of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis c virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis) (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
C: hepatitis c viruses (aka hepacivirus)
D: hepatitis b virus type c (aka hepatitis b virus genotype c)
E: hbv (aka hepatitis b virus) (aka hepatitis b virus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A double-antigen sandwich ELISA was developed a detection of HCV antibodies by a recombinant multi-epitope HCV antigen and a biotin-streptavidin amplification system.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis virus c hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: hepatovirus c
C: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
D: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
E: hepatitis c virus (isolate 1)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A double-antigen sandwich ELISA was developed a detection of HCV antibodies by a recombinant multi-epitope HCV antigen and a biotin-streptavidin amplification system.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis virus c hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: hepatitis c viruses (aka hepacivirus)
C: hepatitis c virus subtype 6v
D: human hepatitis circovirus
E: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A double-antigen sandwich ELISA was developed a detection of HCV antibodies by a recombinant multi-epitope HCV antigen and a biotin-streptavidin amplification system.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis c virus (isolate 1)
B: hepatitis c virus (isolate japanese)
C: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
D: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
E: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Three plasma specimens from 1708 individuals who were suspected previously to be HCV-positive using an HCV antibody diagnostic kit (Chuangxin, Xiamen, China) displayed negative results when using the ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis circovirus
B: hepatitis c virus (isolate 1)
C: hepatitis c virus (aka hepacivirus hominis)
D: hepatitis c virus (isolate japanese)
E: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Three plasma specimens from 1708 individuals who were suspected previously to be HCV-positive using an HCV antibody diagnostic kit (Chuangxin, Xiamen, China) displayed negative results when using the ELISA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
B: hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus) (aka human hepatitis a virus)
C: hepatitis c virus (isolate japanese)
D: hepatitis c virus hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
E: hepatitis c virus subtype 6v
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In 43 donors and 14 patients with chronic hepatitis C, the detectable rates for HCV IgM by both ELISA and the HCV anti-IgM detection reagents (Huimin, Shenyang, China) were 100%, and the detectable rate for HCV IgG using an indirect HCV-antibody detection kit (GWK, Beijing, China) was 98.3%.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
B: hepatitis c viruses (aka hepacivirus)
C: hepatovirus c
D: hepatitis c virus (isolate 1)
E: human hepatitis virus c hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In 43 donors and 14 patients with chronic hepatitis C, the detectable rates for HCV IgM by both ELISA and the HCV anti-IgM detection reagents (Huimin, Shenyang, China) were 100%, and the detectable rate for HCV IgG using an indirect HCV-antibody detection kit (GWK, Beijing, China) was 98.3%.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis c virus (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: hepatovirus c
C: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
D: hepatitis c virus hcv-kf (hepatitis c virus (isolate hcv-kf)) (aka hepatitis c virus hcv-kf)
E: hepatitis c virus subtype 6v
F: None of the above. | A |
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