instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phylogenetic analysis based on LSU rDNA showed that the sequence of G. myriopyrenoides was included in the Gymnodiniales sensu stricto clade and had special affinities with the species Amphidinium poecilochroum and Gymnodinium acidotum, which also harbor kleptochloroplasts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'amphidinium poecilochroum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amphidinium poecilochroum (aka nusuttodinium poecilochroum)
B: microdochium poae
C: amphidinium incoloratum
D: waltergamsia parva (acremonium parvum) (aka waltergamsia parva)
E: chrysomma poecilotis (aka moupinia poecilotis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phylogenetic analysis based on LSU rDNA showed that the sequence of G. myriopyrenoides was included in the Gymnodiniales sensu stricto clade and had special affinities with the species Amphidinium poecilochroum and Gymnodinium acidotum, which also harbor kleptochloroplasts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'gymnodinium acidotum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nusuttodinium acidotum (gymnodinium acidotum) (aka nusuttodinium acidotum)
B: gymnodinium gracile
C: gymnocalycium nigriareolatum
D: gymnodinium maguelonnense
E: gymnostomum lanceolatum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phylogenetic analysis based on plastid-encoded SSU rDNA and ultrastructural observations suggested that the symbionts of G. myriopyrenoides were cryptophytes of the genus Chroomonas or Hemiselmis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. myriopyrenoides'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gemmatales
B: aegeococcales
C: gymnodinium myriopyrenoides (aka nusuttodinium myriopyrenoides)
D: magnaporthe grisea (aka pyricularia grisea)
E: megaselia lucigaster (aka myriophora lucigaster)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The symbiotic level of G. myriopyrenoides was estimated to be a relatively early stage in the unarmored kleptoplastidal dinoflagellates.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. myriopyrenoides'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gymnodinium myriopyrenoides (aka nusuttodinium myriopyrenoides)
B: graphidoideae
C: macroglossum gyrans
D: trogoderma anthrenoides
E: megaselia lucigaster (aka myriophora lucigaster)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and characterization of genes responsible for biosynthesis of kojic acid, an industrially important compound from Aspergillus oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
B: 'amorphomonas oryzae' (aka amorphomonas oryzae)
C: pestalotiopsis oryzae
D: aspergillus oryzae var. oryzae
E: magnaporthe oryzae (aka pyricularia oryzae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and characterization of genes responsible for biosynthesis of kojic acid, an industrially important compound from Aspergillus oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus oryzae var. oryzae
B: 'amorphomonas oryzae' (aka amorphomonas oryzae)
C: enterobacter oryzae (aka kosakonia oryzae)
D: pleospora oryzae (aka phaeosphaeria oryzae)
E: aspergillus cerealis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kojic acid is produced in large amounts by Aspergillus oryzae as a secondary metabolite and is widely used in the cosmetic industry.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kosakonia oryzae (enterobacter oryzae) (aka kosakonia oryzae)
B: pestalotiopsis oryzae
C: aspergillus flavus var. oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
D: sclerotium oryzae (aka nakataea oryzae)
E: aspergillus oryzae var. oryzae
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In children, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses are the agents identified most frequently in both developed and developing countries.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'respiratory syncytial virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human orthopneumovirus (aka human respiratory syncytial virus)
B: orsv (aka ovine respiratory syncytial virus) (aka ovine respiratory syncytial virus)
C: human respiratory syncytial virus a (respiratory syncytial virus group a) (aka human respiratory syncytial virus a)
D: bovine respiratory syncytial virus
E: respiratory syncytial virus rs (aka respiratory syncytial virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In children, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses are the agents identified most frequently in both developed and developing countries.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human metapneumovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avian metapneumovirus type a
B: metapneumovirus hominis
C: metaavulavirus
D: human metapneumovirus b
E: human metapneumovirus (hmpv (aka human metapneumovirus))
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In children, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses are the agents identified most frequently in both developed and developing countries.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human bocavirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human bocavirus 2a
B: fox bocavirus
C: human bocavirus
D: canine bocavirus
E: human bocavirus 4
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Unexpected coregulator range for the global regulator Lrp of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vibrio coli (aka campylobacter coli)
B: escherichia coli c
C: entamoeba coli
D: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Unexpected coregulator range for the global regulator Lrp of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'proteus mirabilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: proteus alimentorum
B: proteus mirabilis
C: stypella mirabilis
D: prohamitermes mirabilis
E: proteus morganii (aka morganella morganii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In Escherichia coli, Lrp regulates over 200 genes directly and is well known to respond to leucine and, to a somewhat lesser extent, alanine.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
B: escherichia coli 99.1762
C: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
D: escherichia coli 9.1796
E: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We focused on Lrp from Proteus mirabilis and E. coli, orthologs with 98% identity overall and identical helix-turn-helix motifs, for which a previous study nevertheless found functional differences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'proteus mirabilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amoeba proteus
B: kribbella mirabilis
C: common proteus (aka proteus anguinus)
D: proteus mirabilis
E: proteus morganii (aka morganella morganii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We focused on Lrp from Proteus mirabilis and E. coli, orthologs with 98% identity overall and identical helix-turn-helix motifs, for which a previous study nevertheless found functional differences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
B: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
C: vibrio coli (aka campylobacter coli)
D: escherichia coli 99.1762
E: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the course of this investigation, we found, via in vivo reporter fusion assays and in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift experiments, that E. coli Lrp itself responded to a broader range of amino acids than was previously appreciated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 99.1762
B: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
C: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
D: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
E: escherichia coli 9.1796
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the course of this investigation, we found, via in vivo reporter fusion assays and in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift experiments, that E. coli Lrp itself responded to a broader range of amino acids than was previously appreciated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia
B: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
C: enterobacter aerogenes (aka klebsiella aerogenes)
D: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
E: entamoeba coli
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In particular, for both the E. coli and P. mirabilis orthologs, Lrp responsiveness to methionine was similar in magnitude to that to leucine.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: e. coli w (aka escherichia coli w)
B: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
D: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
E: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In particular, for both the E. coli and P. mirabilis orthologs, Lrp responsiveness to methionine was similar in magnitude to that to leucine.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. mirabilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: proteus mirabilis
B: prohamitermes mirabilis
C: phytophthora mirabilis
D: psilopezia mirabilis (aka gloeosoma mirabile)
E: phyllanthus mirabilis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We investigated the covariation among naturally colonising above- and belowground invertebrate species across six genetically distinct populations of the dune grass Ammophila arenaria.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ammophila arenaria'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: allagoptera arenaria
B: aspalathus arenaria
C: thelymitra arenaria
D: ammophila arenaria (aka calamagrostis arenaria)
E: ammannia arenaria
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The observed strong covariation suggests diffuse coevolution between A. arenaria and its associated invertebrate species.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. arenaria'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: crotalaria arenaria
B: archilopsis arenaria
C: avena atlantica
D: ammophila arenaria (aka calamagrostis arenaria)
E: caladenia arenaria
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Labeling and enzyme studies of the central carbon metabolism in Metallosphaera sedula.
Metallosphaera sedula (Sulfolobales, Crenarchaeota) uses the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle for autotrophic carbon fixation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'metallosphaera sedula'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: metalasia serrulata
B: marinicella sediminis
C: mariniradius sediminis
D: metallosphaera sedula
E: bradymonas sediminis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Labeling and enzyme studies of the central carbon metabolism in Metallosphaera sedula.
Metallosphaera sedula (Sulfolobales, Crenarchaeota) uses the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle for autotrophic carbon fixation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'metallosphaera sedula'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sedobassia sedoides (aka grubovia sedoides)
B: mangrovimicrobium sediminis
C: agrion sedula (aka argia sedula)
D: metallosphaera sedula
E: penthorum sedoides
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Resources were distributed across discrete habitat patches in bruchid beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) metapopulations, and long-term time series were recorded.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'callosobruchus maculatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bruchus maculatus (aka callosobruchus maculatus)
B: cnidoscolus maculatus (jatropha maculata) (aka cnidoscolus maculatus)
C: carpophilus maculatus
D: melanterius maculatus
E: tyrannochromis maculatus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The sensor kinase CbrA is a global regulator that modulates metabolism, virulence, and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that possesses a large arsenal of virulence factors enabling the pathogen to cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients, burn victims, and cystic fibrosis patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas paralactis
B: pseudomonas haemolytica
C: pseudomonas pyocyanea (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
D: pseudomonas nosocomialis (aka stutzerimonas nosocomialis)
E: pasteurella pestis (aka yersinia pestis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The sensor kinase CbrA is a global regulator that modulates metabolism, virulence, and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that possesses a large arsenal of virulence factors enabling the pathogen to cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients, burn victims, and cystic fibrosis patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus pyocyaneus (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
B: pasteurella pestis (aka yersinia pestis)
C: pseudomonas aeruginosa pa1
D: pseudomonas paralactis
E: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'CbrA is a sensor kinase that has previously been implied to play a role with its cognate response regulator CbrB in the metabolic regulation of carbon and nitrogen utilization in P. aeruginosa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacterium pyocyaneum (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
B: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
C: pasteurella pseudotuberculosis (aka yersinia pseudotuberculosis)
D: pseudomonas nosocomialis (aka stutzerimonas nosocomialis)
E: aerobacillus polymyxa (aka paenibacillus polymyxa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'CbrA is a sensor kinase that has previously been implied to play a role with its cognate response regulator CbrB in the metabolic regulation of carbon and nitrogen utilization in P. aeruginosa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pasteuria
B: pasteurella
C: pseudomonas nosocomialis (aka stutzerimonas nosocomialis)
D: pasteurella pseudotuberculosis (aka yersinia pseudotuberculosis)
E: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The cbrA deletion mutant was completely unable to swarm while exhibiting an increase in biofilm formation, supporting the inverse regulation of swarming and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. aeruginosa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: [pasteurella] aerogenes (pasteurella aerogenes) (aka [pasteurella] aerogenes)
B: pseudomonas aeruginosa c
C: bacillus pyocyaneus (aka pseudomonas aeruginosa)
D: bacterium pestis (aka yersinia pestis)
E: aerobacillus polymyxa (aka paenibacillus polymyxa)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The cbrA mutant also exhibited increased cytotoxicity to human lung epithelial cells as early as 4 and 6 h postinfection.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human body louse (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
B: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
E: homo (humans) (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid environmental changes and pressing human needs to forecast the consequences of environmental change are increasingly driving ecology to become a predictive science.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pediculus humanus (human louse) (aka pediculus humanus)
B: macrobiotus sapiens
C: carcharhinus humani
D: humans (aka homo)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alcohol dehydrogenase and hydrogenase transcript fluctuations during a day-night cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: the role of anoxia.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlamydomonas reinhardtii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydomonas irregularis
B: chlamydomonas fasciata
C: chlamydomonas typica
D: chlamydomonas
E: chlamydomonas reinhardtii (chlamydomonas smithii) (aka chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains two iron (Fe)-hydrogenases which are responsible for hydrogen production under anoxia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chlamydomonas reinhardtii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydomonas fasciata
B: chlamydomonas chlorastera
C: chlamydomonas chlamydogama
D: chlamydomonas rotula
E: chlamydomonas smithii (aka chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to understand the spatial distribution of JA biosynthetic capacity in nodules of two actinorhizal species, Casaurina glauca and Datisca glomerata, and one legume, Medicago truncatula, we determined the localization of allene oxide cyclase (AOC) which catalyses a committed step in JA biosynthesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'casaurina glauca'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: casuarina glauca (swamp oak) (aka casuarina glauca)
B: otatea glauca
C: calceolaria glauca
D: cardamine glauca
E: pimelea glauca
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to understand the spatial distribution of JA biosynthetic capacity in nodules of two actinorhizal species, Casaurina glauca and Datisca glomerata, and one legume, Medicago truncatula, we determined the localization of allene oxide cyclase (AOC) which catalyses a committed step in JA biosynthesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'datisca glomerata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dasineura glomerata
B: datisca glomerata
C: crassula glomerata
D: hechtia glomerata
E: madia glomerata
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to understand the spatial distribution of JA biosynthetic capacity in nodules of two actinorhizal species, Casaurina glauca and Datisca glomerata, and one legume, Medicago truncatula, we determined the localization of allene oxide cyclase (AOC) which catalyses a committed step in JA biosynthesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'medicago truncatula'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: medicago doliata
B: barrel medic (aka medicago truncatula)
C: medicago italica (medica italica) (aka medicago italica)
D: medicago polymorpha
E: medicago radiata
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The nodules and noninoculated roots of the two actinorhizal species, and the root systems of M. truncatula, noninoculated or nodulated with wild-type Sinorhizobium meliloti or with mutants unable to fix nitrogen, did not show significant differences in JA levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. truncatula'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: medicago turbinata
B: medicago constricta
C: medicago hypogaea
D: medicago polymorpha
E: medicago truncatula (barrel medic) (aka medicago truncatula)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The nodules and noninoculated roots of the two actinorhizal species, and the root systems of M. truncatula, noninoculated or nodulated with wild-type Sinorhizobium meliloti or with mutants unable to fix nitrogen, did not show significant differences in JA levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sinorhizobium meliloti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sinorhizobium meliloti kh16b
B: sinorhizobium meliloti (sinorhizobium meliloti (dangeard 1926) de lajudie et al. 1994) (aka sinorhizobium meliloti)
C: ensifer meliloti wsm4191 (aka sinorhizobium medicae)
D: sinorhizobium arboris (sinorhizobium arboris nick et al. 1999) (aka sinorhizobium arboris)
E: sinorhizobium meliloti usda 1002
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The nodules and noninoculated roots of the two actinorhizal species, and the root systems of M. truncatula, noninoculated or nodulated with wild-type Sinorhizobium meliloti or with mutants unable to fix nitrogen, did not show significant differences in JA levels.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sinorhizobium meliloti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sinorhizobium meliloti kh30a
B: ensifer meliloti wsm4191 (aka sinorhizobium medicae)
C: mesorhizobium loti (rhizobium loti) (aka mesorhizobium loti)
D: sinorhizobium meliloti m10
E: phytomyxa leguminosarum (aka rhizobium leguminosarum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To study whether JA played a regulatory role in the nodules of M. truncatula, composite plants containing roots expressing an MtAOC1-sense or MtAOC1-RNAi construct were inoculated with S. meliloti.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. truncatula'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: medicago rostrata
B: medicago polymorpha
C: barrel medic (aka medicago truncatula)
D: medicago hypogaea
E: maytenus truncata (aka monteverdia truncata)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To study whether JA played a regulatory role in the nodules of M. truncatula, composite plants containing roots expressing an MtAOC1-sense or MtAOC1-RNAi construct were inoculated with S. meliloti.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. meliloti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum medicagineum
B: sinorhizobium medicae (sinorhizobium medicae rome et al. 1996) (aka sinorhizobium medicae)
C: peronospora meliloti
D: rhizobium meliloti (aka sinorhizobium meliloti)
E: sinorhizobium meliloti usda 1021
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The degree of mycoheterotrophic carbon gain in green, variegated and vegetative albino individuals of Cephalanthera damasonium is related to leaf chlorophyll concentrations.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cephalanthera damasonium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: campanula damascena
B: damasonium australe (aka damasonium minus)
C: avena damascena
D: erica desmantha
E: cephalanthera damasonium (serapias damasonium) (aka cephalanthera damasonium)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The discovery of two Cephalanthera damasonium populations with variegated leaves enabled a continuous bridging of leaf chlorophyll concentrations between green and albino forms.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cephalanthera damasonium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dicranum caesium
B: damnacanthus officinarum
C: cephalanthera kurdica
D: epidendrum calanthum
E: serapias damasonium (aka cephalanthera damasonium)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Leaves of 27 green, variegated and albino individuals of C. damasonium were compared for chlorophyll concentrations, C sources (as characterized by (13)C abundances) and total C and nitrogen (N) concentrations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. damasonium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: corycium dracomontanum
B: serapias damasonium (aka cephalanthera damasonium)
C: chamaeranthemum
D: damasonium californicum
E: dichostereum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results document that partial mycoheterotrophy in C. damasonium is not a static nutritional mode but a flexible mechanism related inter alia to leaf chlorophyll concentrations.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. damasonium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cucumeridinium
B: dichanthium
C: serapias damasonium (aka cephalanthera damasonium)
D: damasonium
E: codium arabicum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Importantly, we identified EF-1alpha genes from two members of Filosa (Paracercomonas marina and Paulinella chromatophora) and a member of the other subphylum Endomyxa (Filoreta japonica).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paracercomonas marina'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: persephonella marina
B: paracercomonas marina
C: pseudomonas marincola
D: cellulomonas marina
E: pseudokahliella marina
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Importantly, we identified EF-1alpha genes from two members of Filosa (Paracercomonas marina and Paulinella chromatophora) and a member of the other subphylum Endomyxa (Filoreta japonica).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paulinella chromatophora'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fannia spathiophora
B: cladosporium porophorum
C: paulinella chromatophora
D: pristiphora chromata
E: ptilophora aureolusa
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Importantly, we identified EF-1alpha genes from two members of Filosa (Paracercomonas marina and Paulinella chromatophora) and a member of the other subphylum Endomyxa (Filoreta japonica).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'filoreta japonica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: filoreta japonica
B: callianassa japonica (aka neotrypaea japonica)
C: litoleptis japonica
D: calopteryx japonica
E: leptochela japonica
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A genomic map enriched for markers linked to Avr1 in Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cronartium conigenum
B: cronartium qinlingense
C: cronartium quercuum
D: cronartium quercuum f. sp. banksianae
E: cronartium sp. 'cqq-1'
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A genomic map enriched for markers linked to Avr1 in Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cronartium quercuum f. sp. echinatae
B: cronartium castaneae
C: leptodontidium quercuum
D: cronartium quercuum f. sp. virginianae
E: cronartium fusiforme
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A novel approach is presented to map avirulence gene Avr1 in the basidiomycete Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme, the causal agent of fusiform rust disease in pines.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cronartium orientale
B: cronartium qinlingense
C: cronartium quercuum
D: cronartium conigenum
E: cronartium arizonicum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'DNA markers tightly linked to resistance gene Fr1 in loblolly pine tree 10-5 were used to classify 10-5 seedling progeny as either resistant or susceptible.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'loblolly pine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: canadian red pine (aka pinus resinosa)
B: smooth-leaf pine (aka pinus leiophylla)
C: pinus echinata (shortleaf pine) (aka pinus echinata)
D: pinus taeda (loblolly pine) (aka pinus taeda)
E: lodgepole pine (aka pinus contorta)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat, barley and maize in South Africa provides evidence of species-specific differences in host preference.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusarium graminearum species complex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium pseudograminearum
B: fusarium oxysporum species complex
C: fusarium praegraminearum
D: fusarium solani f. phaseoli (aka fusarium phaseoli)
E: gibberella zeae (aka fusarium graminearum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat, barley and maize in South Africa provides evidence of species-specific differences in host preference.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
B: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
C: english wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
D: one-grained wheat (aka triticum monococcum)
E: wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat, barley and maize in South Africa provides evidence of species-specific differences in host preference.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
B: hordeum marinum (seaside barley) (aka hordeum marinum)
C: two-rowed barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
D: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
E: triticum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat, barley and maize in South Africa provides evidence of species-specific differences in host preference.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrococcus citreus
B: zelus grassans
C: agromyces ramosum (aka agromyces ramosus)
D: zea mays (zea mays var. japonica) (aka zea mays)
E: agrococcus terreus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 560 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from diseased wheat, barley and maize in South Africa was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusarium graminearum species complex'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium pseudograminearum
B: fusarium culmorum (fusisporium culmorum) (aka fusarium culmorum)
C: fusarium moniliforme (aka fusarium verticillioides)
D: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
E: fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936) (aka fusarium graminearum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 560 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from diseased wheat, barley and maize in South Africa was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fgsc'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fractiunguis cuniculatus (aka scaphyglottis cuniculata)
B: freckled rockfish (aka sebastes lentiginosus)
C: fusarium pseudograminearum magoulivirus 1
D: rauscher spleen focus-forming virus
E: gymnomitrion fissum
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 560 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from diseased wheat, barley and maize in South Africa was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
B: canadian hard winter wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
C: triticum tauschii (aka aegilops tauschii)
D: one-grained wheat (aka triticum monococcum)
E: cone wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 560 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from diseased wheat, barley and maize in South Africa was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum vulgare (aka triticum aestivum)
B: hordeum brachyantherum
C: two-rowed barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
D: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
E: seaside barley (aka hordeum marinum)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 560 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from diseased wheat, barley and maize in South Africa was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: barleys (aka hordeum)
B: wild rye (aka elymus)
C: wild barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum)
D: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
E: bread wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 560 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from diseased wheat, barley and maize in South Africa was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avenula agropyroides (aka helictochloa agropyroides)
B: maize (aka zea mays)
C: corn smut (aka mycosarcoma maydis)
D: agromyces ramosus (agromyces ramosum) (aka agromyces ramosus)
E: corn ear worm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A significant difference, however, was identified in the composition of FGSC pathogens associated with Gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize as compared to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat or barley (P<0.001).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fgsc'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ga-fesv (aka gardner-arnstein feline sarcoma virus)
B: frigga
C: ferruginous spindle (aka fusinus ferrugineus)
D: rauscher spleen focus-forming virus
E: freckled rockfish (aka sebastes lentiginosus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A significant difference, however, was identified in the composition of FGSC pathogens associated with Gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize as compared to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat or barley (P<0.001).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
B: maize (aka zea mays)
C: zelus grassans
D: teosinte (aka zea perennis)
E: agrococcus citreus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A significant difference, however, was identified in the composition of FGSC pathogens associated with Gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize as compared to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat or barley (P<0.001).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rivet wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
B: bread wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
C: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
D: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
E: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A significant difference, however, was identified in the composition of FGSC pathogens associated with Gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize as compared to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat or barley (P<0.001).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gibellia cerealis (aka gibellina cerealis)
B: seaside barley (aka hordeum marinum)
C: domesticated barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
D: hordeum vulgare (barley) (aka hordeum vulgare)
E: hordeum brachyantherum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. graminearum accounted for more than 85% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB of wheat and barley (N=425), and was also the dominant species among isolates from maize roots (N=35).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium domesticum (trichothecium domesticum) (aka fusarium domesticum)
B: gibberella zeae (aka fusarium graminearum)
C: fusarium magnum
D: fusarium thapsina (aka fusarium thapsinum)
E: fusarium nodosum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. graminearum accounted for more than 85% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB of wheat and barley (N=425), and was also the dominant species among isolates from maize roots (N=35).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fgsc'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusiformis furcosus (aka anaerorhabdus furcosa)
B: fccsc (aka fusarium citricola species complex)
C: freckled rockfish (aka sebastes lentiginosus)
D: frigga
E: freckled sea catfish (aka notarius lentiginosus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. graminearum accounted for more than 85% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB of wheat and barley (N=425), and was also the dominant species among isolates from maize roots (N=35).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum tauschii (aka aegilops tauschii)
B: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
C: triticum vulgare (aka triticum aestivum)
D: triticum
E: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. graminearum accounted for more than 85% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB of wheat and barley (N=425), and was also the dominant species among isolates from maize roots (N=35).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domesticated barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
B: seaside barley (aka hordeum marinum)
C: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
D: triticum
E: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. graminearum accounted for more than 85% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB of wheat and barley (N=425), and was also the dominant species among isolates from maize roots (N=35).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zea mays (zea mays var. japonica) (aka zea mays)
B: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
C: perennial teosinte (aka zea perennis)
D: agrococcus citreus
E: corn ear worm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. graminearum accounted for more than 85% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB of wheat and barley (N=425), and was also the dominant species among isolates from maize roots (N=35).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: corn earworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
B: perennial teosinte (aka zea perennis)
C: agromyces ramosum (aka agromyces ramosus)
D: agrococcus citreus
E: agrococcus terreus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, with the exception of a single isolate identified as an interspecific hybrid between Fusariumboothii and F. graminearum, GER of maize (N=100) was exclusively associated with F. boothii.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusariumboothii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium semitectum (aka fusarium incarnatum)
B: fusarium fujikuroi b14
C: fusarium boothii
D: fusarium graminearum x fusarium boothii
E: fusarium cerealis (fusarium crookwellense) (aka fusarium cerealis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, with the exception of a single isolate identified as an interspecific hybrid between Fusariumboothii and F. graminearum, GER of maize (N=100) was exclusively associated with F. boothii.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium domesticum (trichothecium domesticum) (aka fusarium domesticum)
B: fusarium pseudograminearum
C: fusisporium cerealis (aka fusarium cerealis)
D: gibberella zeae (aka fusarium graminearum)
E: fusarium avenaceum (gibberella avenacea r.j. cook, 1967) (aka fusarium avenaceum)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, with the exception of a single isolate identified as an interspecific hybrid between Fusariumboothii and F. graminearum, GER of maize (N=100) was exclusively associated with F. boothii.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
B: corn ear worm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
C: zea mays (zea mays var. japonica) (aka zea mays)
D: agrococcus terreus
E: agromyces ramosus (agromyces ramosum) (aka agromyces ramosus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, with the exception of a single isolate identified as an interspecific hybrid between Fusariumboothii and F. graminearum, GER of maize (N=100) was exclusively associated with F. boothii.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. boothii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium boothii
B: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
C: thyronectria boothii (pleonectria boothii) (aka thyronectria boothii)
D: boothiomyces
E: fusarium matuoi (aka fusicolla matuoi)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The predominance of F. graminearum among FHB isolates, and the near exclusivity of F. boothii among GER isolates, was observed across all cultivars, collection dates, and provinces sampled.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium culmorum (fusisporium culmorum) (aka fusarium culmorum)
B: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
C: fusarium toxicum
D: fusarium avenaceum (gibberella avenacea r.j. cook, 1967) (aka fusarium avenaceum)
E: gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936 (aka fusarium graminearum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The predominance of F. graminearum among FHB isolates, and the near exclusivity of F. boothii among GER isolates, was observed across all cultivars, collection dates, and provinces sampled.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. boothii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium matuoi (aka fusicolla matuoi)
B: fusarium fujikuroi (gibberella fujikuroi) (aka fusarium fujikuroi)
C: fusarium tropicale
D: fusarium boothii
E: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because these results suggest a difference in host preference among species of the FGSC, we hypothesize that F. graminearum may be less well adapted to infect maize ears than other members of the FGSC.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fgsc'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ferruginous spindle (aka fusinus ferrugineus)
B: gyrodinium fissum (aka levanderina fissa)
C: freckled rockfish (aka sebastes lentiginosus)
D: guenon simian foamy virus
E: ga-fesv (aka gardner-arnstein feline sarcoma virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because these results suggest a difference in host preference among species of the FGSC, we hypothesize that F. graminearum may be less well adapted to infect maize ears than other members of the FGSC.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium thapsina (aka fusarium thapsinum)
B: gibberella zeae (aka fusarium graminearum)
C: fusarium praegraminearum
D: fusarium culmorum (fusisporium culmorum) (aka fusarium culmorum)
E: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because these results suggest a difference in host preference among species of the FGSC, we hypothesize that F. graminearum may be less well adapted to infect maize ears than other members of the FGSC.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'maize'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zea ramosa (aka zea mays subsp. mays)
B: zelus grassans
C: maize (aka zea mays)
D: agromyces ramosum (aka agromyces ramosus)
E: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because these results suggest a difference in host preference among species of the FGSC, we hypothesize that F. graminearum may be less well adapted to infect maize ears than other members of the FGSC.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fgsc'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: frigga
B: fusarium subflagellisporum
C: giant needlefish (aka tylosurus crocodilus)
D: fgrv4 (aka fusarium graminearum orthocurvulavirus)
E: fibriciellum
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because these results suggest a difference in host preference among species of the FGSC, we hypothesize that F. graminearum may be less well adapted to infect maize ears than other members of the FGSC.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fgsc'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gymnomitrion fissum
B: frigga
C: fusiformis furcosus (aka anaerorhabdus furcosa)
D: guenon simian foamy virus
E: giant needlefish (aka tylosurus crocodilus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Gene expression associated with vegetative incompatibility in Amylostereum areolatum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'amylostereum areolatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amylostereum orientale
B: xylocampa areola (phalaena areola) (aka xylocampa areola)
C: amylostereum areolatum (thelephora areolata) (aka amylostereum areolatum)
D: anthorrhiza areolata
E: annulohypoxylon areolatum (rosellinia areolata) (aka annulohypoxylon areolatum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) followed by pyrosequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR were used to identify genes that are selectively expressed when vegetatively incompatible individuals of Amylostereum areolatum interact.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'amylostereum areolatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: acrostichum areolatum (aka lorinseria areolata)
B: xylocampa areola (phalaena areola) (aka xylocampa areola)
C: amylostereum areolatum (thelephora areolata) (aka amylostereum areolatum)
D: amylostereum orientale
E: anthorrhiza areolata
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results of this study have considerably increased our knowledge of the processes underlying vegetative incompatibility in Basidiomycetes in general and A. areolatum in particular.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. areolatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erica areolata (coccosperma areolatum) (aka erica areolata)
B: amylostereum areolatum (thelephora areolata) (aka amylostereum areolatum)
C: acus areolatus (aka oxymeris areolata)
D: xylocampa areola (phalaena areola) (aka xylocampa areola)
E: cercophora areolata (aka areotheca areolata)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Molecular structure of the prothoracicotropic hormone gene in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, and its expression analysis in association with diapause and blood feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'northern house mosquito'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
B: culex dipseticus (aka culex pipiens)
C: culex atratus
D: mosquito (aka anopheles moucheti)
E: culex vittatus (aka aedes vittatus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Molecular structure of the prothoracicotropic hormone gene in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, and its expression analysis in association with diapause and blood feeding.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'culex pipiens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex rufus (aka culex pipiens)
B: culex sitiens
C: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We cloned the gene that encodes prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, and investigated its expression profile in short-day (diapause-destined) and long-day (nondiapause-destined) individuals from the fourth-instar larval stage to 2 months of adulthood, as well as after a blood meal.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'northern house mosquito'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: southern house mosquito (aka culex quinquefasciatus)
B: culex domesticus (aka culex pipiens)
C: mosquito (aka anopheles moucheti)
D: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
E: culex atratus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We cloned the gene that encodes prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, and investigated its expression profile in short-day (diapause-destined) and long-day (nondiapause-destined) individuals from the fourth-instar larval stage to 2 months of adulthood, as well as after a blood meal.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'culex pipiens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex sitiens
B: culex comitatus (aka culex pipiens)
C: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The deduced C. pipiens PTTH (Cupip-PTTH) amino acid sequence contains seven cysteines with a specific spacing pattern.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. pipiens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culicoides sitiens
B: culex agilis (aka culex pipiens)
C: culex sitiens
D: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Sequence alignment suggests that Cupip-PTTH is 23% identical to Drosophila melanogaster PTTH, but is >=59% identical to the PTTHs of other mosquitoes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'drosophila melanogaster'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
B: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
C: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
D: drosophila simulans
E: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cupip-PTTH has structural characteristics similar to those of Bombyx mori PTTH and some vertebrate nerve growth factors with cysteine-knot motifs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus muscorum
B: bombus jacobsoni (aka bombus lucorum)
C: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
D: bombella mellum
E: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cupip-PTTH has structural characteristics similar to those of Bombyx mori PTTH and some vertebrate nerve growth factors with cysteine-knot motifs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
B: bombus pomorum (bremus pomorum) (aka bombus pomorum)
C: apis morio (aka bombus morio)
D: bombyx
E: bombus simillimus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interplay between the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Alveolata) and the cyst formation of the red tide dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'amoebophrya sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amoebophrya sp. pz11_a110
B: amoebophrya sp. pz11_a149
C: amoebophrya sp. rc11_a137
D: amoebophrya sp. pz11_a117
E: amoebophrya sp.
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interplay between the parasite Amoebophrya sp. (Alveolata) and the cyst formation of the red tide dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'scrippsiella trochoidea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trochoidea trochoides
B: typhula sphaeroidea
C: crassula deltoidea
D: suessenguthia trochilophila
E: scrippsiella trochoidea (scrippsiella faeronese) (aka scrippsiella trochoidea)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This is the case for Amoebophrya spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'amoebophrya spp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amoebophrya sp.
B: amoebophrya sp. ex akashiwo sanguinea
C: amoebophrya sp. a25
D: amoebophrya sp. pz11_a114
E: amoebophrya sp. rc11_a139
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We successfully established infections by Amoebophrya sp. in the red tide dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'amoebophrya sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amoebophrya sp. ex karlodinium micrum
B: amoebophrya
C: amoebophrya sp. pz09_a51
D: amoebophrya sp. a25
E: amoebophrya sp.
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We successfully established infections by Amoebophrya sp. in the red tide dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'scrippsiella trochoidea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: scrippsiella faeronese (aka scrippsiella trochoidea)
B: trochoidea elegans
C: scaptomyza trochanterata
D: trochoidea trochoides
E: scrippsiella spinifera
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus has been studied intensively because this mycotoxin is highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic in humans and animals.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus parasiticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tieghemiomyces parasiticus
B: antrodiella parasitica
C: aspergillus parasiticus
D: aspergillus melleus
E: tetramyxa parasitica
F: None of the above. | C |
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