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<Instruct>: Given the context 'An Antarctic hypotrichous ciliate, Parasterkiella thompsoni (Foissner) nov. gen., nov. comb., recorded in Argentinean peat-bogs: morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parasterkiella thompsoni'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: platycheirus thompsoni
B: sterkiella thompsoni (aka parasterkiella thompsoni)
C: pentias thompsoni
D: salpa thompsoni
E: pleodorina thompsonii
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'An Antarctic hypotrichous ciliate, Parasterkiella thompsoni (Foissner) nov. gen., nov. comb., recorded in Argentinean peat-bogs: morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parasterkiella thompsoni'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aliatypus thompsoni
B: tenthredo thompsoni
C: pleodorina thompsonii
D: streptocarpus thompsonii
E: lydella thompsoni
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ciliate Parasterkiella thompsoni (Foissner, 1996)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'parasterkiella thompsoni'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: podothecus thompsoni (aka freemanichthys thompsoni)
B: perkinsiella thompsoni
C: parosela thompsoniae (aka psorothamnus thompsoniae)
D: rhopalopselion thompsoni
E: sterkiella thompsoni (aka parasterkiella thompsoni)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phylogenetic analyses consistently placed P. thompsoni within the stylonychines.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. thompsoni'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pycnosorus thompsonianus
B: peteria thompsoniae
C: parasterkiella thompsoni (sterkiella thompsoni) (aka parasterkiella thompsoni)
D: polyrhachis thompsoni
E: platycheirus thompsoni
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'New data on the morphogenesis of the dorsal ciliature justifies the transference of Sterkiella thompsoni to a new genus Parasterkiella.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sterkiella thompsoni'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: romanzoffia thompsonii
B: platycheirus thompsoni
C: tenthredo thompsoni
D: acanthurus thompsoni (thompson's surgeonfish) (aka acanthurus thompsoni)
E: parasterkiella thompsoni (sterkiella thompsoni) (aka parasterkiella thompsoni)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, the novel orf virus (ORFV)-encoded protein ORFV002 was shown to inhibit nuclear events regulating NF-kappaB transcriptional activity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orf virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elephantpox virus
B: ovine nidovirus
C: ripader virus
D: mouyassue virus
E: orf virus (contagious pustular dermatitis virus) (aka orf virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, the novel orf virus (ORFV)-encoded protein ORFV002 was shown to inhibit nuclear events regulating NF-kappaB transcriptional activity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orfv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orf virus ov/c2
B: orf virus ov/7
C: orf virus ov/torino
D: orf virus (contagious pustular dermatitis virus) (aka orf virus)
E: ovine pestivirus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, the novel orf virus (ORFV)-encoded protein ORFV002 was shown to inhibit nuclear events regulating NF-kappaB transcriptional activity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'orfv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orf virus ov/20
B: ripawok virus
C: orf virus (contagious pustular dermatitis virus) (aka orf virus)
D: orf virus ov/torino
E: orf virus ov/7
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The roles played by Aspergillus nidulans apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-like mitochondrial oxidoreductase (AifA) and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductases (NdeA-B and NdiA) in farnesol resistance.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nassella nidulans
B: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
C: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
D: aspergillus aureus
E: aspergillus cerealis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we show that Aspergillus nidulans AifA encoding the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-like mitochondrial oxidoreductase plays a role in the function of the mitochondrial Complex I. Additionally, we demonstrated that ndeA-B and ndiA encode external and internal alternative NADH dehydrogenases, respectively, that have a function in FOH resistance.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus nidulellus (aka aspergillus nidulans)
B: aspergillus domesticus
C: aspergillus cerealis
D: nassella nidulans
E: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'From a number of different Aspergillus terreus controlled batch fermentations, those cultures with the largest difference in itaconic acid titer and productivity were selected for mRNA isolation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus terreus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus europaeus
B: aspergillus terreus (aspergillus terrestris) (aka aspergillus terreus)
C: aspergillus cerealis
D: aspergillus melleus
E: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of this gene in Aspergillus niger, which is a natural citric acid producer, resulted in itaconate production.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus niger'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zygophylax niger
B: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
C: aspergillus candidus
D: aspergillus niger (aspergillus lacticoffeatus frisvad & samson, 2004) (aka aspergillus niger)
E: aspergillus asperus (aka aspergillus asper)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of this gene in Aspergillus niger, which is a natural citric acid producer, resulted in itaconate production.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus niger'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus lanosus
B: amauroascus niger
C: botrylloides niger
D: yunnanilus niger
E: aspergillus neoellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genome analysis suggests that in A. terreus the cis-aconitate decarboxylase gene is part of an itaconate acid related gene cluster including genes encoding two pathway specific transporters and a Zinc finger protein.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. terreus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus terreus (aspergillus terrestris) (aka aspergillus terreus)
B: aspergillus igneus
C: aspergillus europaeus
D: aphanoascus terreus (aka keratinophyton terreum)
E: aspergillus terricola
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Brief exposures of human body lice to sublethal amounts of ivermectin over-transcribes detoxification genes involved in tolerance.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human body lice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
B: pediculus
C: head lice (aka pediculus humanus)
D: guinea pig lice (aka gyropidae)
E: pediculus capitis (aka pediculus humanus capitis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[~lethal concentration 90% (LC(90)) in 2-4 h]}, showed that ivermectin-induced detoxification genes from body lice are identified by quantitative real-time PCR analyses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'body lice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sucking lice (aka anoplura)
B: chewing lice (aka amblycera)
C: pediculus humanus (human louse) (aka pediculus humanus)
D: pediculus
E: pediculus ovis (aka bovicola ovis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B cells are one of the targets of Friend virus (FV) infection, a well-established mouse model often used to study retroviral infections in vivo.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'retroviral'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: unidentified retrovirus (retrovirus) (aka unidentified retrovirus)
B: avian retrovirus
C: avian retroviruses
D: human betaretrovirus
E: replication competent viruses
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, we demonstrate that complement opsonization of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) enhances infection of B cells, which correlates with increased potency of B cells to activate FV-specific CD8(+) T cells.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'murine leukemia virus (f-mulv)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: xenotropic murine leukemia virus
B: f-mulv (aka friend murine leukemia virus)
C: murine leukemia virus mlv (aka murine leukemia virus)
D: murine sarcoma virus (aka moloney murine sarcoma virus)
E: moloney murine leukemia virus (rat moloney murine leukemia virus momulv) (aka moloney murine leukemia virus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 protein suppresses protein translation in mammalian cells and in cell-free HeLa cell extracts but not in rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'transmissible gastroenteritis virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turkey gallivirus
B: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv (aka porcine epidemic diarrhea virus))
C: turkey picornavirus
D: turkey meningoencephalitis virus
E: turkey rhinotracheitis virus trtv (aka turkey rhinotracheitis virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 protein suppresses protein translation in mammalian cells and in cell-free HeLa cell extracts but not in rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
B: lepus cuniculus cuniculus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)
C: sylvilagus palustris (lepus palustris) (aka sylvilagus palustris)
D: greater red rock rabbit (aka pronolagus crassicaudatus)
E: japanese white rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The nsp1 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), an alphacoronavirus, efficiently suppressed protein synthesis in mammalian cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'transmissible gastroenteritis virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turkey picornavirus
B: turkey gallivirus
C: turkey rhinotracheitis virus trtv (aka turkey rhinotracheitis virus)
D: turkey hepatitis virus (thv (aka turkey hepatitis virus))
E: pedv (aka porcine epidemic diarrhea virus) (aka porcine epidemic diarrhea virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The nsp1 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), an alphacoronavirus, efficiently suppressed protein synthesis in mammalian cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tgev'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tsev (aka turkish sheep encephalitis virus) (aka turkish sheep encephalitis virus)
B: venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (aka venezuelan equine encephalitis virus)
C: tgev spike protein expression construct
D: tgev miller m6 (transmissible gastroenteritis virus miller m6) (aka tgev miller m6)
E: tgev miller m60 (transmissible gastroenteritis virus miller m60) (aka tgev miller m60)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Unlike the nsp1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a betacoronavirus, the TGEV nsp1 protein was unable to bind 40S ribosomal subunits or promote host mRNA degradation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sars-like coronavirus (aka severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus)
B: sars-2 (aka severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)
C: sars coronavirus as
D: sars bat coronavirus (bat sars coronavirus) (aka sars bat coronavirus)
E: swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Unlike the nsp1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a betacoronavirus, the TGEV nsp1 protein was unable to bind 40S ribosomal subunits or promote host mRNA degradation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bat sars coronavirus (aka sars bat coronavirus)
B: swine acute diarrhea syndrome related coronavirus
C: sars-related bat coronavirus (aka bat sars-like coronavirus)
D: swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus
E: sars-2 (aka severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Unlike the nsp1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a betacoronavirus, the TGEV nsp1 protein was unable to bind 40S ribosomal subunits or promote host mRNA degradation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tgev'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: grange virus
B: tgev miller m60 (transmissible gastroenteritis virus miller m60) (aka tgev miller m60)
C: venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (aka venezuelan equine encephalitis virus)
D: taggert virus
E: tgev miller m6 (transmissible gastroenteritis virus miller m6) (aka tgev miller m6)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'TGEV nsp1 also suppressed protein translation in cell-free HeLa cell extract; however, it did not affect translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tgev'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turkish sheep encephalitis virus (tsev (aka turkish sheep encephalitis virus))
B: venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (aka venezuelan equine encephalitis virus)
C: tataguine virus
D: transmissible gastroenteritis virus miller m60 (aka tgev miller m60)
E: tgev virulent purdue
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'TGEV nsp1 also suppressed protein translation in cell-free HeLa cell extract; however, it did not affect translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domestic rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
B: lepus tibetanus (desert hare) (aka lepus tibetanus)
C: lepus cuniculus cuniculus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)
D: pygmy rabbit (aka brachylagus idahoensis)
E: lepus palustris (aka sylvilagus palustris)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our data suggested that HeLa cell extracts and cultured host cells, but not RRL, contain a host factor(s) that is essential for TGEV nsp1-induced translational suppression.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tgev'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tgev miller m60 (transmissible gastroenteritis virus miller m60) (aka tgev miller m60)
B: tgev virulent purdue
C: tete virus (aka orthobunyavirus teteense)
D: tgev spike protein expression construct
E: tsev (aka turkish sheep encephalitis virus) (aka turkish sheep encephalitis virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Climate effects on population fluctuations of the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'white-throated dipper'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: white-rumped seedeater (aka crithagra leucopygia)
B: white-throated rock-thrush (aka monticola gularis)
C: white-throated dipper (aka cinclus cinclus)
D: white-shouldered fire-eye (aka pyriglena leucoptera)
E: white-capped dipper (aka cinclus leucocephalus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Climate effects on population fluctuations of the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cinclus cinclus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cinclus leucocephalus (white-capped dipper) (aka cinclus leucocephalus)
B: cinclus cinclus (white-throated dipper) (aka cinclus cinclus)
C: chaetoceros cinctus
D: cinclus pallasii (cinclus pallasi) (aka cinclus pallasii)
E: trichorcus cinctus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We have studied fluctuations in a population of the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus during 31 years (1978-2008) in a river system in southern Norway in relation to both large-scale and local weather conditions occurring during the non-breeding season.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'white-throated dipper'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: white-throated dipper (aka cinclus cinclus)
B: white-backed planthopper (aka sogatella furcifera)
C: pyriglena leucoptera (white-shouldered fire-eye) (aka pyriglena leucoptera)
D: white-throated rail (aka dryolimnas cuvieri)
E: white-rumped sandpiper (aka calidris fuscicollis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We have studied fluctuations in a population of the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus during 31 years (1978-2008) in a river system in southern Norway in relation to both large-scale and local weather conditions occurring during the non-breeding season.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cinclus cinclus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cinclus pallasii (cinclus pallasi) (aka cinclus pallasii)
B: bar-winged cinclodes (aka cinclodes fuscus)
C: white-throated dipper (aka cinclus cinclus)
D: cinclidotus danubicus
E: cinclus mexicanus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Modification of nonstructural protein 1 of influenza A virus by SUMO1.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/china)
B: h1n1 swine influenza virus
C: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
D: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
E: duck influenza virus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is one of the major factors resulting in the efficient infection rate and high level of virulence of influenza A virus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza c virus (influenza virus type c) (aka influenza c virus)
B: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
C: influenza a virus (a/china)
D: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
E: duck influenza virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is one of the major factors resulting in the efficient infection rate and high level of virulence of influenza A virus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
B: equine influenza virus
C: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
D: unidentified influenza virus (avian influenza virus) (aka unidentified influenza virus)
E: h1n1 swine influenza virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, we demonstrate that NS1 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/Duck/Hubei/L-1/2004 (H5N1) virus interacts with human Ubc9, which is the E2 conjugating enzyme for sumoylation, and we show that SUMO1 is conjugated to H5N1 NS1 in both transfected and infected cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
B: equine influenza virus
C: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
D: h1n1 swine influenza virus
E: influenza virus type c (aka influenza c virus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, we demonstrate that NS1 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/Duck/Hubei/L-1/2004 (H5N1) virus interacts with human Ubc9, which is the E2 conjugating enzyme for sumoylation, and we show that SUMO1 is conjugated to H5N1 NS1 in both transfected and infected cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a/duck/hubei/l-1/2004 (h5n1) virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/duck/hokkaido/1/2011(h5n1))
B: influenza a virus (a/duck/hunan/1231/2006(h5n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/duck/hubei/wp/2003(h5n1))
D: influenza a virus (a/duck/anhui/1/06(h5n1))
E: influenza a virus (a/duck/hunan/1260/2006(h5n1))
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, we demonstrate that NS1 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/Duck/Hubei/L-1/2004 (H5N1) virus interacts with human Ubc9, which is the E2 conjugating enzyme for sumoylation, and we show that SUMO1 is conjugated to H5N1 NS1 in both transfected and infected cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: carcharhinus humani
B: homo (humans) (aka homo)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: human louse (aka pediculus humanus)
E: cardium humanum (aka glossus humanus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the present study, we demonstrate that NS1 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/Duck/Hubei/L-1/2004 (H5N1) virus interacts with human Ubc9, which is the E2 conjugating enzyme for sumoylation, and we show that SUMO1 is conjugated to H5N1 NS1 in both transfected and infected cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h5n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: swine influenza virus
B: fluav (aka influenza a virus)
C: equine influenza virus
D: alphainfluenzavirus influenzae
E: avian influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies of different influenza A virus strains of human and avian origin showed that the majority of viruses possess an NS1 protein that is modified by SUMO1, except for the recently emerged swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) (H1N1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza virus type c (aka influenza c virus)
B: duck influenza virus
C: equine influenza virus
D: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
E: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies of different influenza A virus strains of human and avian origin showed that the majority of viruses possess an NS1 protein that is modified by SUMO1, except for the recently emerged swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) (H1N1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
C: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
D: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
E: gymnopleurus humanus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies of different influenza A virus strains of human and avian origin showed that the majority of viruses possess an NS1 protein that is modified by SUMO1, except for the recently emerged swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) (H1N1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) (h1n1)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/swine/iowa/1945(h1n1))
B: influenza a virus (a/swine/iowa/2/1986(h1n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/swine/northern ireland/1938(h1n1))
D: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
E: influenza a virus (a/china)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Together, these results indicate that sumoylation enhances NS1 stability and thus promotes rapid growth of influenza A virus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/china)
B: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
C: duck influenza virus
D: flubv (aka influenza b virus)
E: influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Stepwise loss of fluorescent core protein V from human adenovirus during entry into cells.
Human adenoviruses (Ads) replicate and assemble particles in the nucleus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human adenovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: adenovirus (aka unidentified adenovirus)
B: human adenovirus f (aka human mastadenovirus f)
C: adenovirus 1 (aka human adenovirus 1)
D: human adenovirus 68 (human adenovirus type 68) (aka human adenovirus 68)
E: human adenovirus a (aka human mastadenovirus a)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Stepwise loss of fluorescent core protein V from human adenovirus during entry into cells.
Human adenoviruses (Ads) replicate and assemble particles in the nucleus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human adenoviruses (ads)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human adenovirus sp. (human adenovirus) (aka human adenovirus sp.)
B: adenovirus 7 (aka human adenovirus 7)
C: unidentified adenovirus (adenovirus) (aka unidentified adenovirus)
D: rodent adenovirus
E: adeno-associated virus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Stepwise loss of fluorescent core protein V from human adenovirus during entry into cells.
Human adenoviruses (Ads) replicate and assemble particles in the nucleus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human adenoviruses (ads)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: duck adenovirus
B: rodent adenovirus
C: adeno-associated virus
D: unidentified human adenovirus
E: human adenoviruses type 7 (aka human adenovirus 7)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Disassembled capsids, positive for the conformation-specific antihexon antibody R70, were devoid of GFP-pV. The loss of GFP-pV was reduced by the macrolide antibiotic leptomycin B (LMB), which blocks nuclear export and adenovirus attachment to the nuclear pore complex.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'adenovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human adenovirus (aka human adenovirus sp.)
B: porcine adenovirus
C: adenovirus (aka unidentified adenovirus)
D: human adenovirus 1 (human adenovirus type 1) (aka human adenovirus 1)
E: unidentified human adenovirus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'LMB inhibited the appearance of R70 epitopes on Ad2 and Ad2-GFP-pV, indicating that the loss of GFP-pV from Ad2-GFP-pV is an authentic step in the adenovirus uncoating program.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'adenovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: adenovirus (aka unidentified adenovirus)
B: duck adenovirus
C: human adenovirus type 1 (aka human adenovirus 1)
D: rodent adenovirus
E: unidentified human adenovirus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ad2-GFP-pV is genetically complete and hence enables detailed analyses of infection and spreading dynamics in cells and model organisms or assessment of oncolytic adenoviral potential.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'adenoviral'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: unidentified human adenovirus
B: rodent adenovirus
C: unidentified adenovirus (adenovirus) (aka unidentified adenovirus)
D: human adenovirus d8 (human adenovirus type 8) (aka human adenovirus d8)
E: human adenovirus (aka human adenovirus sp.)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Novel mutations reveal two important regions in Aspergillus nidulans transcriptional activator MetR.
Expression of the sulfur assimilation pathway in Aspergillus nidulans is under control of sulfur metabolite repression, which is composed of scon genes encoding subunits of ubiquitin ligase and the metR gene coding for a transcriptional activator.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
B: aspergillus aureus
C: aspergillus lanosus
D: aphanothece nidulans
E: nassella nidulans
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Novel mutations reveal two important regions in Aspergillus nidulans transcriptional activator MetR.
Expression of the sulfur assimilation pathway in Aspergillus nidulans is under control of sulfur metabolite repression, which is composed of scon genes encoding subunits of ubiquitin ligase and the metR gene coding for a transcriptional activator.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
B: aspergillus agricola
C: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
D: aspergillus domesticus
E: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, metR18 and the three dominant suppressors represent new types of mutations affecting different parts of the A. nidulans MetR protein.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus domesticus
B: aspergillus cerealis
C: aspergillus avenaceus
D: sterigmatocystis nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
E: aspergillus agricola
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Paralogous cyp51 genes in Fusarium graminearum mediate differential sensitivity to sterol demethylation inhibitors.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusarium graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium praegraminearum
B: gibberella zeae (aka fusarium graminearum)
C: fusarium oxysporum (fusarium oxysporum schltdl., 1824) (aka fusarium oxysporum)
D: fusarium heterosporum
E: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analysis of the genome sequence of Fusarium graminearum revealed three paralogous cyp51 genes (designated cyp51A, -B, and -C) encoding 14-alpha demethylases in this fungus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusarium graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium gossypinum
B: fusarium graminum
C: fusarium nodosum
D: gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936 (aka fusarium graminearum)
E: fusarium pseudograminearum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Targeted gene disruption showed that the cyp51A, -B or -C disruption mutants were morphologically indistinguishable from the parent isolate on potato dextrose agar medium, which indicates that none of these genes is essential for mycelial growth.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'potato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: potato (aka solanum tuberosum)
B: sweet potato (aka ipomoea batatas)
C: ipomoea gilana
D: chinese-potato (aka dioscorea polystachya)
E: potato tuberworm (aka phthorimaea operculella)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The sensitivity of F. graminearum isolates increased significantly when subjected in vitro to a mixture of DMI fungicides triadimefon and tebuconazole as compared to the individual components.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium domesticum (trichothecium domesticum) (aka fusarium domesticum)
B: fusarium pseudograminearum
C: fusarium moniliforme (aka fusarium verticillioides)
D: gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936 (aka fusarium graminearum)
E: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The sensitivity of F. graminearum isolates increased significantly when subjected in vitro to a mixture of DMI fungicides triadimefon and tebuconazole as compared to the individual components.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium toxicum
B: fusarium pseudograminearum
C: fusarium culmorum (fusisporium culmorum) (aka fusarium culmorum)
D: fusarium moniliforme (aka fusarium verticillioides)
E: fusarium thapsina (aka fusarium thapsinum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results indicate that different DMI fungicides target different CYP51 proteins in F. graminearum and that a mixture of DMI fungicides can result in synergistic effects.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. graminearum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium gossypinum
B: fusarium praegraminearum
C: fusarium zeae (fusisporium zeae) (aka fusarium zeae)
D: fusarium nodosum
E: gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936 (aka fusarium graminearum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparative sequence analysis of wheat and barley powdery mildew fungi reveals gene colinearity, dates divergence and indicates host-pathogen co-evolution.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
B: triticum tauschii (aka aegilops tauschii)
C: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
D: common wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
E: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparative sequence analysis of wheat and barley powdery mildew fungi reveals gene colinearity, dates divergence and indicates host-pathogen co-evolution.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hordeum vulgare (barley) (aka hordeum vulgare)
B: hordeum brachyantherum
C: wood-barley (aka hordelymus europaeus)
D: hordeum marinum (seaside barley) (aka hordeum marinum)
E: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The two fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (B.g. tritici) and hordei (B.g. hordei) cause powdery mildew specifically in wheat or barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus graminis (aka lederbergia graminis)
B: erysiphe graminis (aka blumeria graminis)
C: blumeria graminis f. sp. dicocci
D: blumeria graminis f. sp. bromi (aka blumeria bulbigera)
E: blumeria graminicola (blumeria graminis f. sp. poae) (aka blumeria graminicola)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The two fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (B.g. tritici) and hordei (B.g. hordei) cause powdery mildew specifically in wheat or barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. tritici'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erysiphe graminis (aka blumeria graminis)
B: blumeria avenae (blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) (aka blumeria avenae)
C: zymoseptoria tritici (mycosphaerella graminicola) (aka zymoseptoria tritici)
D: fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936) (aka fusarium graminearum)
E: gibellia cerealis (aka gibellina cerealis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The two fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (B.g. tritici) and hordei (B.g. hordei) cause powdery mildew specifically in wheat or barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hordei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heterodera hordecalis
B: hordeinae
C: epicoccum hordei
D: aphelinus hordei
E: mayetiola hordei (barley stem gall midge) (aka mayetiola hordei)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The two fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (B.g. tritici) and hordei (B.g. hordei) cause powdery mildew specifically in wheat or barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. hordei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus horti
B: blumeria graminis (erysiphe graminis) (aka blumeria graminis)
C: gyge branchialis
D: bremia graminicola (aka graminivora graminicola)
E: boarmia grisea (aka rikiosatoa grisea)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The two fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (B.g. tritici) and hordei (B.g. hordei) cause powdery mildew specifically in wheat or barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: english wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
B: triticum
C: wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
D: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
E: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The two fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (B.g. tritici) and hordei (B.g. hordei) cause powdery mildew specifically in wheat or barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
B: barleys (aka hordeum)
C: wild rye (aka elymus)
D: wild barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum)
E: bread wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We sequenced a total of 273.3kb derived from B.g. tritici BAC sequences and compared them with the orthologous regions in the B.g. hordei genome.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. tritici'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gibberella zeae (aka fusarium graminearum)
B: bradyrhizobium glycinis
C: puccinia graminis (wheat stem rust) (aka puccinia graminis)
D: graminivora graminicola (bremia graminicola) (aka graminivora graminicola)
E: erysiphe graminis (aka blumeria graminis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We sequenced a total of 273.3kb derived from B.g. tritici BAC sequences and compared them with the orthologous regions in the B.g. hordei genome.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. tritici'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: blumeria avenae (blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) (aka blumeria avenae)
B: zymoseptoria tritici (mycosphaerella graminicola) (aka zymoseptoria tritici)
C: bradyrhizobium glycinis
D: grass mildew (aka blumeria hordei)
E: puccinia graminis (wheat stem rust) (aka puccinia graminis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We sequenced a total of 273.3kb derived from B.g. tritici BAC sequences and compared them with the orthologous regions in the B.g. hordei genome.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. hordei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brachybacterium horti
B: fusarium brachygibbosum
C: blumeria graminis f. sp. bromi (aka blumeria bulbigera)
D: bremia graminicola (aka graminivora graminicola)
E: blumeria graminis (erysiphe graminis) (aka blumeria graminis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To estimate the divergence time of B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei, we used conserved intergenic sequences including orthologous transposable elements.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. tritici'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bipolaris triticicola
B: blumeria graminis (erysiphe graminis) (aka blumeria graminis)
C: graminivora graminicola (bremia graminicola) (aka graminivora graminicola)
D: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
E: blumeria graminicola (blumeria graminis f. sp. poae) (aka blumeria graminicola)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To estimate the divergence time of B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei, we used conserved intergenic sequences including orthologous transposable elements.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. hordei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: brachybacterium horti
B: bremia graminicola (aka graminivora graminicola)
C: gyge branchialis
D: erysiphe graminis (aka blumeria graminis)
E: erysiphe graminis (subsp. hordei) (aka blumeria hordei)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This revealed that B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei have diverged about 10 million years ago (MYA), two million years after wheat and barley (12 MYA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. tritici'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: blumeria avenae (blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) (aka blumeria avenae)
B: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
C: grass mildew (aka blumeria graminis)
D: fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936) (aka fusarium graminearum)
E: bipolaris triticicola
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This revealed that B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei have diverged about 10 million years ago (MYA), two million years after wheat and barley (12 MYA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. hordei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus horti
B: brachygeophilus truncorum (aka geophilus truncorum)
C: blumeria graminis (erysiphe graminis) (aka blumeria graminis)
D: blumeria graminis f. sp. bromi (aka blumeria bulbigera)
E: grass mildew (aka blumeria hordei)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This revealed that B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei have diverged about 10 million years ago (MYA), two million years after wheat and barley (12 MYA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum
B: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
C: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
D: triticum sativum (aka triticum aestivum)
E: triticum tauschii (aka aegilops tauschii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This revealed that B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei have diverged about 10 million years ago (MYA), two million years after wheat and barley (12 MYA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum
B: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
C: triticum vulgare (aka triticum aestivum)
D: hordeum vulgare (barley) (aka hordeum vulgare)
E: seaside barley (aka hordeum marinum)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data suggest that B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei have co-evolved with their hosts during most of their evolutionary history after host divergence, possibly after a short phase of host expansion when the same pathogen could still grow on the two diverged hosts.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. tritici'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch, 1936) (aka fusarium graminearum)
B: bremia graminicola (aka graminivora graminicola)
C: bacillus graminis (aka lederbergia graminis)
D: puccinia graminis (wheat stem rust) (aka puccinia graminis)
E: erysiphe graminis (aka blumeria graminis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data suggest that B.g. tritici and B.g. hordei have co-evolved with their hosts during most of their evolutionary history after host divergence, possibly after a short phase of host expansion when the same pathogen could still grow on the two diverged hosts.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.g. hordei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: boarmia grisea (aka rikiosatoa grisea)
B: puccinia hordei
C: brachybacterium horti
D: brachygeophilus truncorum (aka geophilus truncorum)
E: blumeria graminis (erysiphe graminis) (aka blumeria graminis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Surrogate neutralization assays using sera from outbreaks and from immunized mice suggest that, as with influenza virus, antigenic variation maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of human population herd immunity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza c viruses (aka influenza c virus)
B: swine influenza virus
C: unidentified influenza virus (avian influenza virus) (aka unidentified influenza virus)
D: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
E: equine influenza virus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Surrogate neutralization assays using sera from outbreaks and from immunized mice suggest that, as with influenza virus, antigenic variation maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of human population herd immunity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
B: equine influenza virus
C: influenza c viruses (aka influenza c virus)
D: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
E: swine influenza virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Surrogate neutralization assays using sera from outbreaks and from immunized mice suggest that, as with influenza virus, antigenic variation maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of human population herd immunity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: great apes (aka hominidae)
C: carcharhinus humani
D: cardium humanum (aka glossus humanus)
E: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As with influenza virus, HIV, and hepatitis C virus, norovirus antigenic variation will significantly influence the design of efficacious vaccines and immunotherapeutics against these important human pathogens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenzavirus c (aka gammainfluenzavirus)
B: influenza c viruses (aka influenza c virus)
C: fluav (aka influenza a virus)
D: swine influenza virus
E: influenzavirus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As with influenza virus, HIV, and hepatitis C virus, norovirus antigenic variation will significantly influence the design of efficacious vaccines and immunotherapeutics against these important human pathogens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hepatitis c virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis b virus (human hepatitis b virus hbv) (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
C: hepatitis a virus (aka hepatovirus a)
D: hepatitis c virus hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
E: hepacivirus (hepatitis c-like viruses) (aka hepacivirus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As with influenza virus, HIV, and hepatitis C virus, norovirus antigenic variation will significantly influence the design of efficacious vaccines and immunotherapeutics against these important human pathogens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: macrobiotus sapiens
B: great apes (aka hominidae)
C: homo (humans) (aka homo)
D: carcharhinus humani
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cold stress contributes to aberrant cytokinesis during male meiosis I in a wheat thermosensitive genic male sterile line.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
B: common wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
C: english wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
D: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
E: triticum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The male sterility of a wheat thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line is strictly controlled by temperature.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
B: einkorn wheat (aka triticum monococcum)
C: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
D: triticum sativum (aka triticum aestivum)
E: triticum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We report here a large-scale transcriptomic study using the Affymetrix wheat GeneChip to follow gene expression in BS366 line anthers in response to cold stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
B: triticum sativum (aka triticum aestivum)
C: triticum tauschii (aka aegilops tauschii)
D: triticum
E: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nicotiana benthamiana plants were infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and exposed to oxidative [either ultraviolet (UV-C) or H2O2] stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'nicotiana benthamiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana tomentosa
B: nicotiana alata (ornamental tobacco) (aka nicotiana alata)
C: nicotiana glauca (glaucous tobacco) (aka nicotiana glauca)
D: nicotiana benthamiana
E: nicotiana
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nicotiana benthamiana plants were infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and exposed to oxidative [either ultraviolet (UV-C) or H2O2] stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'potato virus x'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: potato virus x, pvx (aka potato virus x)
B: potato virus h
C: panicum virus
D: potato virus b
E: grapevine virus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nicotiana benthamiana plants were infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and exposed to oxidative [either ultraviolet (UV-C) or H2O2] stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pvx'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cloning vector pvwex1
B: paraberrapex
C: phomopsis vexans endornavirus 1
D: potato virus x, pvx (aka potato virus x)
E: pteropox virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nicotiana benthamiana plants were infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and exposed to oxidative [either ultraviolet (UV-C) or H2O2] stress.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pvx'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pteropox virus
B: paracidovorax
C: bacterium pgx
D: pseudomonas virus pa-x
E: phomopsis vexans endornavirus 1
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Dual Delta^1^3C/delta^1^8O response to water and nitrogen availability and its relationship with yield in field-grown durum wheat.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'durum wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum
B: triticum durum x aegilops comosa
C: common wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
D: triticum durum (aka triticum turgidum subsp. durum)
E: triticum aegilops (aka aegilops tauschii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, this method has not been applied to wheat grown under real field conditions.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
B: english wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
C: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
D: triticum aegilops (aka aegilops tauschii)
E: triticum sativum (aka triticum aestivum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, plant growth, grain yield (GY) and the associated agronomic components, carbon isotope discrimination (Delta^1^3C) plus oxygen isotope composition (delta^1^8O) as well as leaf and canopy gas exchange were measured in field-grown wheat subjected to different water and N availabilities.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum
B: einkorn wheat (aka triticum monococcum)
C: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
D: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
E: triticum sativum (aka triticum aestivum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Involvement of extracellular oxidative burst in salicylic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis halleri
B: arabis neglecta (aka arabidopsis neglecta)
C: arabis arenosa (aka arabidopsis arenosa)
D: arabis lyrata (aka arabidopsis lyrata)
E: arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'oscillations and inward-rectifying potassium (K+(in)) channel activity in Arabidopsis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plantago africana
B: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
C: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis arenosa
D: agrotis aurulenta (aka euxoa aurulenta)
E: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis lyrata
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Characterization of an omega-class glutathione S-transferase in the stress response of the silkmoth.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'silkmoth'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: domestic silkworm (aka bombyx mori)
B: bombyx ramosa (aka callierges ramosa)
C: chinese silk-plant (aka boehmeria nivea)
D: bombyx
E: bombycidae (silkworm moths) (aka bombycidae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using real-time PCR, mRNA encoding an omega-class GST of Bombyx mori (bmGSTO) was shown to be induced after exposure to various environmental stresses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombyx mori'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus simillimus
B: phalaena mori (aka bombyx mori)
C: bombyx catax (aka eriogaster catax)
D: bombyx
E: apis morio (aka bombus morio)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A soluble form of recombinant protein (rbmGSTO) was functionally overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells and purified to homogeneity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 9.1796
B: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
C: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli nissle 1917 (escherichia coli strain nissle 1917) (aka escherichia coli nissle 1917)
E: entamoeba coli
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Social immunity in honeybees (Apis mellifera): transcriptome analysis of varroa-hygienic behaviour.
Honeybees have evolved a social immunity consisting of the cooperation of individuals to decrease disease in the hive.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'honeybees'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: italian honeybee (aka apis mellifera ligustica)
B: honey bees (aka apinae)
C: giant honeybee (aka apis dorsata)
D: apis mellifera (bee (aka apis mellifera))
E: caucasian honeybee (aka apis mellifera caucasica)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Social immunity in honeybees (Apis mellifera): transcriptome analysis of varroa-hygienic behaviour.
Honeybees have evolved a social immunity consisting of the cooperation of individuals to decrease disease in the hive.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apis mellifera'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: honey bee (aka apis mellifera)
B: apis mellifera cerana (aka apis cerana)
C: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
D: common honeybee (aka apis mellifera ligustica)
E: apis dorsata (apis mellifera dorsata) (aka apis dorsata)
F: None of the above. | A |
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