instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, cross-fostering experiments disclosed that various factors during the nestling period prevent cuckoos from successfully parasitizing thrushes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoos'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: madagascar cuckoo (aka cuculus rochii)
B: cuculus
C: cuculus canorus (common cuckoo) (aka cuculus canorus)
D: indian cuckoo (aka cuculus micropterus)
E: cucumis omissus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Specifically, in some thrush species, the nest cup design forced cuckoo chicks to compete with host chicks with fatal consequences for the parasite.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: african cuckoo (aka cuculus gularis)
B: cucurbita pepo
C: cucumis melo (oriental melon) (aka cucumis melo)
D: common cuckoo (aka cuculus canorus)
E: cucumis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Specifically, in some thrush species, the nest cup design forced cuckoo chicks to compete with host chicks with fatal consequences for the parasite.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cucumella cinerea (aka cucumis cinereus)
B: cucumis carolinus
C: cucurbita pepo
D: cuculidae (cuckoos) (aka cuculidae)
E: african cuckoo (aka cuculus gularis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Other species were reluctant to care even for lone cuckoo chicks.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: african cuckoo (aka cuculus gularis)
B: oriental cuckoo (aka cuculus saturatus)
C: cucumis omissus
D: common cuckoo (aka cuculus canorus)
E: cucurbita pepo
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Importantly, in an apparently phylogenetically homogenous group of hosts, there were interspecific differences in factors responsible for the absence of cuckoo parasitism.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: indian cuckoo (aka cuculus micropterus)
B: cucumber (aka cucumis sativus)
C: cuculidae (cuckoos) (aka cuculidae)
D: cucumis omissus
E: common cuckoo (aka cuculus canorus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Characterization of the GPI-anchored endo Beta-1,3-glucanase Eng2 of Aspergillus fumigatus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
B: aspergillus terricola
C: aspergillus aureus
D: aspergillus cerealis
E: aspergillus aerius
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A GPI-anchored endo Beta-1,3-glucanase of Aspergillus fumigatus was characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus terricola
B: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
C: aspergillus terrestris (aka aspergillus terreus)
D: aspergillus cerealis
E: aspergillus aureus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The activity was characterized using a recombinant protein produced by Pichiapastoris.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pichiapastoris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pichia insulana
B: zygosaccharomyces pastoris (aka komagataella pastoris)
C: pichitus
D: pichia polymorpha (aka schwanniomyces polymorphus)
E: pichia veronae (aka cyberlindnera veronae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The metalloreductase FreB is involved in adaptation of Aspergillus fumigatus to iron starvation.
Aspergillus fumigatus employs two high affinity iron uptake mechanisms, siderophore mediated iron uptake and reductive iron assimilation (RIA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus aerius
B: aspergillus fumigatus (aspergillus fumigatus var. ellipticus) (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
C: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
D: aspergillus cerealis
E: aspergillus aureus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The metalloreductase FreB is involved in adaptation of Aspergillus fumigatus to iron starvation.
Aspergillus fumigatus employs two high affinity iron uptake mechanisms, siderophore mediated iron uptake and reductive iron assimilation (RIA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus aerius
B: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
C: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
D: aspergillus terricola
E: aspergillus aureus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The A. fumigatus genome encodes 15 putative metalloreductases (MR) but the ferrireductasesinvolved in RIA remained elusive so far.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
B: aspergillus fumigatus (aspergillus fumigatus var. ellipticus) (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
C: aspergillus fumigatiaffinis
D: aspergillus terricola
E: aspergillus rubrum (aka aspergillus ruber)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study also revealed that loss of copper-independent siderophore-mediated iron uptake increases sensitivity of A. fumigatus to copper starvation due to copper-dependence of RIA.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus cerealis
B: aspergillus asper (aspergillus asperus) (aka aspergillus asper)
C: aspergillus terreus (aspergillus terrestris) (aka aspergillus terreus)
D: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
E: emericella nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression and functional characterisation of TNC, a high-affinity nickel transporter from Neurospora crassa.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurospora crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
B: neurospora tetrasperma
C: neurospora stellata
D: tryella crassa
E: amyloporiella crassa (aka resinoporia crassa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression and functional characterisation of TNC, a high-affinity nickel transporter from Neurospora crassa.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurospora crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neurospora stellata
B: neocosmospora crassa (aka fusarium crassum)
C: sarcosphaera crassa (peziza crassa) (aka sarcosphaera crassa)
D: neurospora terricola fgsc 1889
E: neurospora
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our previous in silico studies identified a high-affinity nickel transporter,TNC, from the metal transportome of Neurospora crassa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neurospora crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neurospora terricola
B: amyloporiella crassa (aka resinoporia crassa)
C: neurospora tetraspora (gelasinospora tetrasperma) (aka neurospora tetraspora)
D: pseudozyma crassa (aka triodiomyces crassus)
E: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A knockout mutant of the tnc gene in N. crassa failed to transport nickel, showed phenotypic growth defects and diminished urease activity under physiological levels of nickel.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: napothera crassa (aka gypsophila crassa)
B: neocynthus crassus
C: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
D: noronhia crassiramosa
E: neurospora
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Heterologous complementation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nickel uptake mutant by TNC further substantiates its nickel transport function.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'schizosaccharomyces pombe'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zygosaccharomyces sapae
B: schizosaccharomyces
C: fission yeast (aka schizosaccharomyces pombe)
D: schizosaccharomyces octosporus
E: schizosaccharomyces pombe spk1820
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcriptional analysis of the nickel transporter encoding gene, tnc in N. crassa by qRT-PCR showed its constitutive expression in various phases of its life cycle.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: norix crassus
B: sannantha crassa (babingtonia crassa) (aka sannantha crassa)
C: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
D: napothera crassa (aka gypsophila crassa)
E: neurospora
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Immunolocalisation data suggested that TNC is distributed in the plasma membrane of N. crassa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tabernaemontana crassa
B: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
C: nicotiana benthamiana
D: noronhia crassiramosa
E: neocosmospora crassa (aka fusarium crassum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, the present study establishes TNC as a functional plasma membrane nickel transporter necessary for physiological acquisition of nickel in the multicellular fungi N. crassa.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'n. crassa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neurospora crassa (chrysonilia crassa) (aka neurospora crassa)
B: argis crassa (nectocrangon crassa) (aka argis crassa)
C: nicotiana benthamiana
D: tryella crassa
E: neocynthus crassus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The effects of dsRNA mycoviruses on growth and murine virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus neoellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
B: aspergillus asper (aspergillus asperus) (aka aspergillus asper)
C: aspergillus rubrum (aka aspergillus ruber)
D: aspergillus terricola
E: aspergillus aureus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Some isolates of the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are known to be infected with mycoviruses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
B: gymnopleurus humanus
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
E: glossus humanus (cardium humanum) (aka glossus humanus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Some isolates of the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are known to be infected with mycoviruses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus rubrum (aka aspergillus ruber)
B: aspergillus terreus (aspergillus terrestris) (aka aspergillus terreus)
C: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
D: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
E: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through curing virus-infected A. fumigatus isolates by cycloheximide treatment and transfecting virus-free isolates with purified virus, as checked by RT-PCR, isogenic virus-free and virus-infected lines of the fungus were generated whose phenotypes and growth have been directly compared.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus cerealis
B: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
C: aspergillus aureus
D: aspergillus terreus (aspergillus terrestris) (aka aspergillus terreus)
E: aspergillus fumigatus var. ellipticus (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Through curing virus-infected A. fumigatus isolates by cycloheximide treatment and transfecting virus-free isolates with purified virus, as checked by RT-PCR, isogenic virus-free and virus-infected lines of the fungus were generated whose phenotypes and growth have been directly compared.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus aureus
B: aspergillus rubrum (aka aspergillus ruber)
C: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
D: aspergillus asper (aspergillus asperus) (aka aspergillus asper)
E: emericella nidulans (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mycovirus infection of A. fumigatus with either the chrysovirus or the partitivirus resulted in significant aberrant phenotypic alterations and attenuation of growth of the fungus but had no effect on susceptibility to common antifungals.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus terreus (aspergillus terrestris) (aka aspergillus terreus)
B: aspergillus aerius
C: aspergillus cerealis
D: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
E: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Chrysovirus infection of A. fumigatus caused no significant alterations to murine pathogenicity.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus fumigatiaffinis
B: aspergillus asper (aspergillus asperus) (aka aspergillus asper)
C: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
D: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
E: aspergillus cerealis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification and characterization of the cysteine protease inhibitor gene MdCPI from Musca domestica.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'musca domestica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: musca domestica (house fly) (aka musca domestica)
B: musca (aka musca <genus>)
C: musca asiatica
D: autumn house fly (aka musca autumnalis)
E: musca furta (aka stegana furta)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cysteine proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) are involved in many vital cellular processes such as signalling pathways, apoptosis, immune response and development; however, no CPIs have yet been reported from the housefly Musca domestica.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'housefly'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: musca domestica (house fly) (aka musca domestica)
B: fruit fly (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
C: bactrocera infesta (aka zeugodacus infestus)
D: autumn house fly (aka musca autumnalis)
E: horseflies (aka tabanidae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cysteine proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) are involved in many vital cellular processes such as signalling pathways, apoptosis, immune response and development; however, no CPIs have yet been reported from the housefly Musca domestica.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'musca domestica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: house fly (aka musca domestica)
B: musca calleva (aka musca domestica calleva)
C: autumn house fly (aka musca autumnalis)
D: muscaphis musci
E: musca validus (aka phaonia valida)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we report the isolation and characterization of a housefly CPI gene designated MdCPI.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'housefly'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lesser house fly (aka fannia canicularis)
B: musca domestica (house fly) (aka musca domestica)
C: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
D: autumn house fly (aka musca autumnalis)
E: bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Protein alignment demonstrated a high homology to that of Sarcophaga crassipalpis (identity = 51%).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sarcophaga crassipalpis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: amaurobius crassipalpis
B: stehlikiana crassa
C: sarcophyton crassifolium
D: sarcophaga crassipalpis (sarcophaga (parasarcophaga) crassipalpis) (aka sarcophaga crassipalpis)
E: sarcophaga flavipalpis (aka spirobolomyia flavipalpis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all CPIs from dipterans, including the housefly, belong to the I25A family and may be descended from a single common ancestor.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'housefly'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tomato fruitworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
B: apis lucorum (aka bombus lucorum)
C: house cricket (aka acheta domesticus)
D: house fly (aka musca domestica)
E: hippo fly (aka tabanus biguttatus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The gene was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: entamoeba coli
C: escherichia coli 9.1796
D: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
E: escherichia coli c
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Suitability of different media for in vitro cultivation of the ruminal protozoa species Entodinium caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, and Epidinium ecaudatum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'entodinium caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tricladium caudatum
B: entodinium caudatum
C: colletotrichum caudatum (ellisiella caudata) (aka colletotrichum caudatum)
D: enchelis caudata (aka spirostomum caudatum)
E: pythium caudatum (lagenidium caudatum g.l. barron 1976) (aka pythium caudatum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Suitability of different media for in vitro cultivation of the ruminal protozoa species Entodinium caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, and Epidinium ecaudatum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'entodinium caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paramecium caudatum
B: elymnias caudata
C: diplazium caudatum
D: entodinium nanellum
E: tetroplon caudatum
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Suitability of different media for in vitro cultivation of the ruminal protozoa species Entodinium caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, and Epidinium ecaudatum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eudiplodinium maggii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: elaeocarpus gadgilii
B: paramyxidium magi
C: prieurella maguirei (aka pouteria maguirei)
D: eudiplodinium maggii
E: gelidium maggsiae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Suitability of different media for in vitro cultivation of the ruminal protozoa species Entodinium caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, and Epidinium ecaudatum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'epidinium ecaudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epidendrum veroscriptum
B: epidendrum insulanum
C: epidendrum bicuniculatum
D: epidinium ecaudatum
E: epidendrum fucatum (aka encyclia fucata)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Entodinium caudatum and Eudiplodinium maggii were grown anaerobically in 50-ml flasks for 32 days in Caudatum-type (C), Kisidayova (K) or Dehority (M) medium.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'entodinium caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: asplenium caudatum
B: paramecium caudatum
C: entodinium caudatum
D: entodinium nanellum
E: entodinium furca
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Entodinium caudatum and Eudiplodinium maggii were grown anaerobically in 50-ml flasks for 32 days in Caudatum-type (C), Kisidayova (K) or Dehority (M) medium.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eudiplodinium maggii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: farysia magdalena
B: petalidium giessii
C: eudiplodinium maggii
D: potamotrygon magdalenae (magdalena river stingray) (aka potamotrygon magdalenae)
E: platphalonidia magdalenae (platphalonia magdalenae) (aka platphalonidia magdalenae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'On day 32, in media K and M, E. caudatum cell counts were high with 5.6x10(3) and 7.8x10(3) mL(-1), respectively, and the proportion of dead cells was low with 0.6 and 1.4%, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tetraedron caudatum (asteriscium caudatum) (aka tetraedron caudatum)
B: lycoperdon caudatum
C: entandrophragma caudatum (pseudocedrela caudata) (aka entandrophragma caudatum)
D: entodinium caudatum
E: lycopodium caudatum (aka selaginella caudata)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. maggii concentrations when grown in medium M and C were 2.7x10(3) and 2.4x10(3) mL(-1), respectively, with 3.9 and 14.1% dead cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. maggii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: glugea thunni
B: eudiplodinium maggii
C: epeira mengii (aka metellina mengei)
D: tetragma gei
E: elaeocarpus gadgilii
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Medium M, which favoured growth of both protozoa species, was tested again and Epidinium ecaudatum was included.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'epidinium ecaudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epidinium ecaudatum
B: epidendrum bicuniculatum
C: epidinium caudatum (epidinium ecaudatum caudatum) (aka epidinium caudatum)
D: eryngium divaricatum
E: epidendrum diffusum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Average cell concentrations were 10.0, 0.8 and 0.5x10(3) mL(-1) for E. caudatum, E. maggii, and E. ecaudatum, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. caudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: adiantum caudatum
B: entodinium caudatum
C: eriosema cordatum
D: diplazium caudatum
E: tetraedron caudatum (asteriscium caudatum) (aka tetraedron caudatum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Average cell concentrations were 10.0, 0.8 and 0.5x10(3) mL(-1) for E. caudatum, E. maggii, and E. ecaudatum, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. maggii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: glugea eda
B: eudiplodinium maggii
C: erica frigida
D: euura fagi (nematus fagi) (aka euura fagi)
E: epimedium fangii
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Average cell concentrations were 10.0, 0.8 and 0.5x10(3) mL(-1) for E. caudatum, E. maggii, and E. ecaudatum, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. ecaudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epidinium ecaudatum
B: eriosema glomeratum (rhynchosia glomerata) (aka eriosema glomeratum)
C: myosaccium ecaude
D: eriogonum elatum
E: epidendrum coronatum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Average cell concentrations were 10.0, 0.8 and 0.5x10(3) mL(-1) for E. caudatum, E. maggii, and E. ecaudatum, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. ecaudatum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erinaceus ecaudatus (aka tenrec ecaudatus)
B: epidendrum fucatum (aka encyclia fucata)
C: epimedium elatum
D: eriosema cordatum
E: cyclidium ecaudatum (aka colpoda ecaudata)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Intestinal ciliate composition found in the feces of the Turk rahvan horse Equus caballus, Linnaeus 1758.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'turk rahvan horse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: yukon horse (aka equus lambei)
B: equus dalianensis
C: equus hydruntinus (european ass) (aka equus hydruntinus)
D: equus przewalskii forma caballus (aka equus caballus)
E: przewalski's horse (aka equus przewalskii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Intestinal ciliate composition found in the feces of the Turk rahvan horse Equus caballus, Linnaeus 1758.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'equus caballus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: horse (aka equus caballus)
B: european ass (aka equus hydruntinus)
C: donkey (aka equus asinus)
D: horses (aka equidae)
E: equus przewalskii (equus caballus przewalskii) (aka equus przewalskii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Species composition and distribution of large intestinal ciliates were investigated in the feces from 15 Turk rahvan horses, living in the vicinity of Izmir, Turkey.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'turk rahvan horses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: horses (aka equidae)
B: yukon wild horse (aka equus lambei)
C: equus ferus przewalskii (aka equus przewalskii)
D: equus hydruntinus (european ass) (aka equus hydruntinus)
E: horse (aka equus caballus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This is the first report on intestinal ciliates in Turk rahvan horses and no previously unknown species were observed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'turk rahvan horses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: horse (aka equus caballus)
B: equus lambei (yukon wild horse) (aka equus lambei)
C: equus zebra hartmanii (aka equus zebra hartmannae)
D: horses (aka equidae)
E: equus ferus przewalskii (aka equus przewalskii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No ciliates were observed in 2 horses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'horses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: equus africanus (aka equus asinus africanus)
B: eques
C: equidae (horses) (aka equidae)
D: donkey (aka equus asinus)
E: domestic horse (aka equus caballus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Growth inhibition of Beauveria bassiana by bacteria isolated from the cuticular surface of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli, two important vectors of maize pathogens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'beauveria bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria neobassiana
B: beauveria bassiana d1-5
C: beauveria bassiana (beauveria bassiana var. bassiana) (aka beauveria bassiana)
D: beauveria australis
E: beauveria sinensis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Growth inhibition of Beauveria bassiana by bacteria isolated from the cuticular surface of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli, two important vectors of maize pathogens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'corn leafhopper'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: corn leafhopper (aka dalbulus maidis)
B: corn earworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
C: african cotton leafworm (aka spodoptera littoralis)
D: maize weevil (aka sitophilus zeamais)
E: rice water weevil (aka lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Growth inhibition of Beauveria bassiana by bacteria isolated from the cuticular surface of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli, two important vectors of maize pathogens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dalbulus maidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dufourea maura
B: dendroaspis viridis (western green mamba) (aka dendroaspis viridis)
C: corn leafhopper (aka dalbulus maidis)
D: dalbulus cimmyti
E: drobacia maeotica
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Growth inhibition of Beauveria bassiana by bacteria isolated from the cuticular surface of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli, two important vectors of maize pathogens.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'delphacodes kuscheli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: delphacodes kuscheli
B: delphax tenae (delphacodes tenae) (aka delphax tenae)
C: listrocerus kuscheli
D: delphax orientalis
E: neocamiarus kuscheli
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The phytosanitary importance of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (De Long and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) lies in their ability to transmit phloem-associated plant pathogens, mainly viruses and mollicutes, and to cause considerable mechanical damage to corn plants during feeding and oviposition.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'corn'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrococcus
B: zea mays (zea mays var. japonica) (aka zea mays)
C: corn smut (aka mycosarcoma maydis)
D: corn cyst nematode (aka heterodera zeae)
E: zelus tetracanthus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The phytosanitary importance of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (De Long and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) lies in their ability to transmit phloem-associated plant pathogens, mainly viruses and mollicutes, and to cause considerable mechanical damage to corn plants during feeding and oviposition.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'corn'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avenula agropyroides (aka helictochloa agropyroides)
B: cornus angustata (aka cornus elliptica)
C: cornus excelsa
D: cornus alpina
E: squirrel-corn (aka dicentra canadensis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present work aims to understand interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamao-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and bacterial antagonists isolated from the cuticular surface of D. maidis and D. kuscheli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'beauveria bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cordyceps bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
B: beauveria pseudobassiana
C: bassiana
D: beauveria bassiana d1-5
E: bassia blackiana (aka sclerolaena blackiana)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present work aims to understand interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamao-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and bacterial antagonists isolated from the cuticular surface of D. maidis and D. kuscheli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. maidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: corn leafhopper (aka dalbulus maidis)
B: daldinia simulans
C: desmarestia viridis
D: rhampholeon viridis
E: didymella pteridis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present work aims to understand interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamao-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and bacterial antagonists isolated from the cuticular surface of D. maidis and D. kuscheli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. kuscheli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: etheophanus kuscheli
B: daphnis torenia
C: delphacodes kuscheli
D: isopus kuscheli
E: dendrolagus dorianus (doria's tree kangaroo) (aka dendrolagus dorianus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A total of 155 bacterial isolates were recovered from the insect's cuticle and tested against B. bassiana.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria bassiana d1-5
B: boraria infesta
C: beauveria oryzae (aka tritirachium oryzae)
D: caballeronia insecticola (burkholderia insecticola) (aka caballeronia insecticola)
E: beauveria bassiana (beauveria bassiana var. bassiana) (aka beauveria bassiana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ninety-one out of 155 strains inhibited the growth of B. bassiana.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: blakistonia bassi
B: beauveria oryzae (aka tritirachium oryzae)
C: boraria infesta
D: spicaria bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
E: beauveria bassiana d1-5
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bacterial strains isolated from D. maidis were significantly more antagonistic against B. bassiana than those isolates from D. kuscheli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. maidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dichotomaria viridis
B: aphelinus maidis
C: doloessa viridis
D: dalbulus maidis (maize leafhopper) (aka dalbulus maidis)
E: diaphorus maurus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bacterial strains isolated from D. maidis were significantly more antagonistic against B. bassiana than those isolates from D. kuscheli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. bassiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beauveria bassiana d1-5
B: begonia boisiana
C: bassia iranica (aka bassia odontoptera)
D: boraria infesta
E: spicaria bassiana (aka beauveria bassiana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bacterial strains isolated from D. maidis were significantly more antagonistic against B. bassiana than those isolates from D. kuscheli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. kuscheli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: diplazium kuoi
B: etheophanus kuscheli
C: ectemnorhinus kuscheli
D: drosophila bromelioides
E: delphacodes kuscheli
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bacillus thuringiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus thuringiensis thompsoni (aka bacillus thuringiensis serovar thompsoni)
B: bacillus mobilis
C: bacillus aerophilus
D: bacillus thuringiensis lm1212
E: bacillus cereus var. thuringiensis (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus natto (aka bacillus subtilis)
B: bacillus mesentericus (aka bacillus pumilus)
C: sowerbaea subtilis
D: bacillus mobilis
E: bacillus amylolyticus (aka paenibacillus amylolyticus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus cereus (bacillus cereus frankland and frankland 1887 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus cereus)
B: bacillus longisporus ('bacillus longisporus') (aka bacillus longisporus)
C: fellhanera subtilis (bacidia subtilis) (aka fellhanera subtilis)
D: bacillus (aka bacillus <firmicutes>)
E: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. mycoides'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borrelomyces peripneumoniae (aka mycoplasma mycoides)
B: blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycoides dermatitidis) (aka blastomyces dermatitidis)
C: bacillus mycoides (bacillus mycoides flugge 1886 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus mycoides)
D: borrelomyces gallinarum (aka mycoplasmopsis gallinarum)
E: mycoplasmoides
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. megaterium'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: grass mildew (aka blumeria graminis)
B: aquimarina megaterium
C: graphium megarus (papilio megarus) (aka graphium megarus)
D: priestia megaterium (bacillus megaterium) (aka priestia megaterium)
E: burkilliodendron
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b.pumilus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus pumilus (bacillus aminoglucosidicus) (aka bacillus pumilus)
B: brucella oryzae (ochrobactrum oryzae) (aka brucella oryzae)
C: bacillus hominis
D: xyleborus pumilus (aka debus pumilus)
E: bacillus horti
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. licheniformis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus licheniformis (denitrobacillus licheniformis) (aka bacillus licheniformis)
B: omphalina licheniformis
C: boophis lichenoides
D: brasilonema lichenoides
E: botryocladia pyriformis (chrysymenia pyriformis) (aka botryocladia pyriformis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flugge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. subtilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus thuringiensis (bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1915 (approved lists 1980)) (aka bacillus thuringiensis)
B: fellhanera subtilis (bacidia subtilis) (aka fellhanera subtilis)
C: bacillus mobilis
D: bacillus natto (aka bacillus subtilis)
E: sowerbaea subtilis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The organization of foraging in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'solenopsis invicta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solenopsis tonsa
B: solenopsora elixiana
C: imported red fire ant (aka solenopsis invicta)
D: solenopsis picta
E: solenopsis subterranea
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The experiments and observations in this paper reveal in broad strokes how colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), allocate their available labor to foraging, how they disperse that force within their territory, and how this force changes with colony size, season and worker age.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'solenopsis invicta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) (aka solenopsis invicta)
B: solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) (aka solenopsis geminata)
C: solenopsis tonsa
D: solenopsis altinodis
E: solenopsis aurea
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The experiments and observations in this paper reveal in broad strokes how colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), allocate their available labor to foraging, how they disperse that force within their territory, and how this force changes with colony size, season and worker age.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hymenoptera'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hymenoptera sp.
B: hymenorus
C: hymenopus <mantids> (hymenopus) (aka hymenopus <mantids>)
D: philenoptera
E: neoptera
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pollen preference for Psychotria sp. is not learned in the passion flower butterfly, Heliconius erato.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliconius erato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliconius erato petiverana (heliconius petiverana) (aka heliconius erato petiverana)
B: papilio erato (aka heliconius erato)
C: heliconius erato hydara
D: heliconius erato etylus
E: heliconius erato erato
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Behavioral experiments using plants preferred by Heliconius erato suggest that pollen preference in H. erato is an innate trait and consequently learning of chemical cues at roosting aggregations is unlikely.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliconius erato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliconius eratosignis eratosignis
B: heliconius erato lativitta
C: heliconius erato venus
D: heliconius erato (crimson-patched longwing) (aka heliconius erato)
E: heliconius erato favorinus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Behavioral experiments using plants preferred by Heliconius erato suggest that pollen preference in H. erato is an innate trait and consequently learning of chemical cues at roosting aggregations is unlikely.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'heliconius erato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heliconius erato etylus
B: heliconius erato hydara
C: heliconius erato venustus
D: heliconius erato erato
E: heliconius erato favorinus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Behavioral experiments using plants preferred by Heliconius erato suggest that pollen preference in H. erato is an innate trait and consequently learning of chemical cues at roosting aggregations is unlikely.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. erato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: erato <eudicots> (erato) (aka erato <eudicots>)
B: heliconius hortense
C: heliconius erato notabilis
D: heliconius erato erato
E: papilio erato (aka heliconius erato)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Physiological and molecular evidence that environmental changes elicit morphological interconversion in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'phaeodactylum tricornutum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phaeodactylum tricornutum (nitzschia closterium f. minutissima) (aka phaeodactylum tricornutum)
B: phaedon brassicae (daikon leaf beetle) (aka phaedon brassicae)
C: pogonatum convolutum (polytrichum convolutum) (aka pogonatum convolutum)
D: delphinium tricorne
E: delphinium bicornutum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Over the last decades Phaeodactylum tricornutum has become a model to study diatom biology at the molecular level.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'phaeodactylum tricornutum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: steinernema bicornutum
B: phaedon brassicae (daikon leaf beetle) (aka phaedon brassicae)
C: pharyngora orientalis (aka prodistomum orientale)
D: phaeodactylum tricornutum (nitzschia closterium f. minutissima) (aka phaeodactylum tricornutum)
E: pseudocorythion acutum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our aim was to quantify the effect of growth conditions on cell morphology of different P. tricornutum strains by quantitative microscopy, cellular imaging, and non-targeted transcriptomics.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. tricornutum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phaseolus gladiolatus
B: phaseolus macrolepis
C: porphyrops tricaudatus (aka rhaphium tricaudatum)
D: phaeodactylum tricornutum (nitzschia closterium f. minutissima) (aka phaeodactylum tricornutum)
E: pseudocorythion acutum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This work contributes to better understand the importance of the unique capability of morphotype conversion in P. tricornutum and its relevance in acclimation to changing environmental conditions.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p. tricornutum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: porphyrops tricaudatus (aka rhaphium tricaudatum)
B: delphinium tricorne
C: phanerochaete pruinosa
D: phaeodactylum tricornutum (nitzschia closterium f. minutissima) (aka phaeodactylum tricornutum)
E: lacinipolia tricornuta
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To more confidently assess phylogenetic relationships among astome ciliates, we obtained small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences from nine species distributed in six genera and three families: Almophrya bivacuolata, Eudrilophrya complanata, Metaracoelophrya sp. 1, Metaracoelophrya sp. 2, Metaracoelophrya intermedia, Metaradiophrya sp., Njinella prolifera, Paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp., and Paraclausilocola elongata n. sp. The two new species in the proposed new clausilocolid genus Paraclausilocola n. gen. are astomes with no attachment apparatus, two files of contractile vacuoles, and an arc-like anterior suture that has differentiations of thigmotactic ciliature on the anterior ends of the left kineties of the upper surface.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'almophrya bivacuolata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thelia bimaculata
B: almophrya bivacuolata
C: anthophora bimaculata
D: bundera trimaculata
E: aleochara bimaculata
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To more confidently assess phylogenetic relationships among astome ciliates, we obtained small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences from nine species distributed in six genera and three families: Almophrya bivacuolata, Eudrilophrya complanata, Metaracoelophrya sp. 1, Metaracoelophrya sp. 2, Metaracoelophrya intermedia, Metaradiophrya sp., Njinella prolifera, Paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp., and Paraclausilocola elongata n. sp. The two new species in the proposed new clausilocolid genus Paraclausilocola n. gen. are astomes with no attachment apparatus, two files of contractile vacuoles, and an arc-like anterior suture that has differentiations of thigmotactic ciliature on the anterior ends of the left kineties of the upper surface.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eudrilophrya complanata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eremophila complanata
B: xyris complanata
C: millepora complanata
D: phalaena complana (aka eilema complana)
E: eudrilophrya complanata
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To more confidently assess phylogenetic relationships among astome ciliates, we obtained small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences from nine species distributed in six genera and three families: Almophrya bivacuolata, Eudrilophrya complanata, Metaracoelophrya sp. 1, Metaracoelophrya sp. 2, Metaracoelophrya intermedia, Metaradiophrya sp., Njinella prolifera, Paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp., and Paraclausilocola elongata n. sp. The two new species in the proposed new clausilocolid genus Paraclausilocola n. gen. are astomes with no attachment apparatus, two files of contractile vacuoles, and an arc-like anterior suture that has differentiations of thigmotactic ciliature on the anterior ends of the left kineties of the upper surface.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'metaracoelophrya intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: physostegia intermedia
B: metaracoelophrya intermedia
C: lepidodermella intermedia
D: aquimarina intermedia
E: megophrys intermedia (brachytarsophrys intermedia) (aka megophrys intermedia)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To more confidently assess phylogenetic relationships among astome ciliates, we obtained small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences from nine species distributed in six genera and three families: Almophrya bivacuolata, Eudrilophrya complanata, Metaracoelophrya sp. 1, Metaracoelophrya sp. 2, Metaracoelophrya intermedia, Metaradiophrya sp., Njinella prolifera, Paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp., and Paraclausilocola elongata n. sp. The two new species in the proposed new clausilocolid genus Paraclausilocola n. gen. are astomes with no attachment apparatus, two files of contractile vacuoles, and an arc-like anterior suture that has differentiations of thigmotactic ciliature on the anterior ends of the left kineties of the upper surface.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'njinella prolifera'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pandeopsis prolifera
B: njinella prolifera
C: phaenocoma prolifera
D: radula prolifera
E: navarretia prolifera
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To more confidently assess phylogenetic relationships among astome ciliates, we obtained small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences from nine species distributed in six genera and three families: Almophrya bivacuolata, Eudrilophrya complanata, Metaracoelophrya sp. 1, Metaracoelophrya sp. 2, Metaracoelophrya intermedia, Metaradiophrya sp., Njinella prolifera, Paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp., and Paraclausilocola elongata n. sp. The two new species in the proposed new clausilocolid genus Paraclausilocola n. gen. are astomes with no attachment apparatus, two files of contractile vacuoles, and an arc-like anterior suture that has differentiations of thigmotactic ciliature on the anterior ends of the left kineties of the upper surface.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: paraclausilocola constricta
B: pertusaria constricta
C: portulaca constricta
D: polysiphonia constricta (aka vertebrata constricta)
E: phytophthora constricta
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To more confidently assess phylogenetic relationships among astome ciliates, we obtained small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences from nine species distributed in six genera and three families: Almophrya bivacuolata, Eudrilophrya complanata, Metaracoelophrya sp. 1, Metaracoelophrya sp. 2, Metaracoelophrya intermedia, Metaradiophrya sp., Njinella prolifera, Paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp., and Paraclausilocola elongata n. sp. The two new species in the proposed new clausilocolid genus Paraclausilocola n. gen. are astomes with no attachment apparatus, two files of contractile vacuoles, and an arc-like anterior suture that has differentiations of thigmotactic ciliature on the anterior ends of the left kineties of the upper surface.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: discoplastis constricta (lepocinclis constricta) (aka discoplastis constricta)
B: neophaeomoniella constricta
C: portulaca constricta
D: polysiphonia constricta (aka vertebrata constricta)
E: phytophthora constricta
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To more confidently assess phylogenetic relationships among astome ciliates, we obtained small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences from nine species distributed in six genera and three families: Almophrya bivacuolata, Eudrilophrya complanata, Metaracoelophrya sp. 1, Metaracoelophrya sp. 2, Metaracoelophrya intermedia, Metaradiophrya sp., Njinella prolifera, Paraclausilocola constricta n. gen., n. sp., and Paraclausilocola elongata n. sp. The two new species in the proposed new clausilocolid genus Paraclausilocola n. gen. are astomes with no attachment apparatus, two files of contractile vacuoles, and an arc-like anterior suture that has differentiations of thigmotactic ciliature on the anterior ends of the left kineties of the upper surface.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'paraclausilocola elongata n. sp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: colispora elongata
B: nyctiophylax elongatus
C: neoplagioporus elongatus (lebouria elongata) (aka neoplagioporus elongatus)
D: paracercomonas elongata
E: paraclausilocola elongata
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antibody-based assays to differentiate West Nile (WN) virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections in horses: effects of WN virus NS1 antibodies induced by inactivated WN vaccine.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'west nile'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: west nile virus strain pt6.16
B: northway virus
C: west nile virus (wnv (aka west nile virus))
D: west nile virus strain pt5.2
E: nile warbler virus (egan 1825-61 virus) (aka nile warbler virus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antibody-based assays to differentiate West Nile (WN) virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections in horses: effects of WN virus NS1 antibodies induced by inactivated WN vaccine.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wn virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wnv (aka west nile virus) (aka west nile virus)
B: wetland virus
C: ntwetwe virus
D: witsand virus
E: wendell virus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antibodies to non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of West Nile virus (WNV) have been used to differentiate WNV infection from infection by serologically cross-reactive flaviviruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), in horses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'japanese encephalitis virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: japanese encephalitis virus (strain nakayama) (aka japanese encephalitis virus strain nakayama)
B: japanese encephalitis virus (strain m28) (aka japanese encephalitis virus strain m28)
C: japanese encephalitis virus (strain jaoars982) (aka japanese encephalitis virus strain jaoars982)
D: japanese encephalitis (je) virus (aka japanese encephalitis virus)
E: japanese encephalitis virus strain sa(v) (japanese encephalitis virus (strain sa(v))) (aka japanese encephalitis virus strain sa(v))
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, since the inactivated West Nile (WN) vaccine has been reported to induce NS1 antibodies, there is concern about the reliability of using NS1-based assays for testing vaccinated horses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wn'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: west nile virus lineage 1 (aka west nile virus 1)
B: west virginia white (aka pieris virginiensis)
C: west nile virus (wnv (aka west nile virus))
D: wilmottia
E: wenzelia
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, the effect of inactivated WN vaccine-induced antibodies on an epitope-blocking ELISA and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wn'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wawu
B: wilnyevirus
C: west nile virus (wnv (aka west nile virus))
D: wawea
E: west virginia white (aka pieris virginiensis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Both assays are based on NS1 antibodies and were established previously to differentiate WNV from JEV infections in horses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wnv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: denwin virus
B: denalis virus
C: flavivirus langat (aka langat virus)
D: west nile virus (wnv (aka west nile virus))
E: vixey virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Vaccine-induced NS1 antibodies were also detected by blocking ELISA and a CDC assay and affected the ability of these assays to differentiate WNV from JEV infections.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wnv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: powassan virus (flavivirus powassan) (aka powassan virus)
B: noveria virus
C: tick-borne flavivirus
D: nova hantavirus (aka nova virus)
E: west nile virus (wnv (aka west nile virus))
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Vaccine-induced NS1 antibodies were also detected by blocking ELISA and a CDC assay and affected the ability of these assays to differentiate WNV from JEV infections.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'jev'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chijiahe virus
B: jiangan virus
C: kenkeme virus
D: japanese encephalitis virus (japanese encephalitis (je) virus) (aka japanese encephalitis virus)
E: mosquito flavivirus
F: None of the above. | D |
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