instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Stable expression of the Potato leaf roll virus movement protein MP17 in Arabidopsis results in a carbohydrate export block and stunted growth.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'potato leaf roll virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pepper leafroll virus
B: potato leaf-roll virus (aka potato leafroll virus)
C: potato yellow vein virus
D: bean leaf roll virus (aka bean leafroll virus)
E: tobacco leaf rugose virus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Stable expression of the Potato leaf roll virus movement protein MP17 in Arabidopsis results in a carbohydrate export block and stunted growth.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabis arenicola (aka arabidopsis arenicola)
B: plantago africana
C: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis halleri
D: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
E: arabidopsis (cardaminopsis) (aka arabidopsis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To identify host factors essential for viral infection, we screened a progeny population of EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate)-mutagenized Arabidopsis expressing a MP17:GFP fusion for suppressor mutants with restored wild type-like phenotype.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabis neglecta (aka arabidopsis neglecta)
B: arabidopsis (cardaminopsis) (aka arabidopsis)
C: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
D: arabis lyrata (aka arabidopsis lyrata)
E: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis lyrata
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To identify host factors essential for viral infection, we screened a progeny population of EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate)-mutagenized Arabidopsis expressing a MP17:GFP fusion for suppressor mutants with restored wild type-like phenotype.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plantago africana
B: arabidella
C: agrotis aurulenta (aka euxoa aurulenta)
D: arabis arenicola (aka arabidopsis arenicola)
E: arabidopsis (cardaminopsis) (aka arabidopsis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two suppressor mutants showed decreased susceptibility against Turnip mosaic virus and post-transcriptional silencing of MP17:GFP', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'turnip mosaic virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turnip mosaic potyvirus tumv (aka turnip mosaic virus)
B: wheat yellow mosaic virus
C: tobacco mosaic virus (vulgare)
D: wheat mosaic virus
E: turnip mosaic virus (isolate uk1)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overall, these findings point towards an organ-specific regulation of gene silencing in Arabidopsis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabis arenicola (aka arabidopsis arenicola)
B: arabidella
C: arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
D: plantago afra (african plantain) (aka plantago afra)
E: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis halleri
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'leafminer'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lewinella aquimaris (aka neolewinella aquimaris)
B: melissodes lepida (aka eucera lepida)
C: celery leafminer (aka liriomyza trifolii)
D: pea leafminer (aka liriomyza huidobrensis)
E: leafminer moths (aka gracillariidae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'liriomyza huidobrensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: liriomyza artemisicola
B: pea leafminer (aka liriomyza huidobrensis)
C: liriomyza carphephori
D: habenaria huillensis
E: liriomyza helianthi
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wasp'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
B: paper wasps (aka polistinae)
C: wisapismic virus 2
D: wastrivirus
E: weevil wasp positive-strand rna virus 1
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'opius dissitus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cerodirphia opis
B: opifex fuscus
C: opius exiguus
D: tachyporus opicus (aka sepedophilus opicus)
E: opius dissitus
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum corifolium
B: solanum florulentum
C: lycopersicon chilense (aka solanum chilense)
D: solanum trifolium
E: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wild-type (wt) plant'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plantago truncata
B: plantago asiatica (asian plantain) (aka plantago asiatica)
C: peavine clover (aka trifolium pratense)
D: barrel medic (aka medicago truncatula)
E: plantago americana (aka littorella americana)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ja biosynthesis (spr2) mutant'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sphingomonas jaspsi
B: jasione crispa subsp. crispa
C: dmsp-degrading marine bacterium ja1
D: jassa
E: jasione crispa
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ja-overexpression 35s::prosys plant'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phytocoris salicis
B: agrostis sinorupestris
C: 'saccharum officinarum' grassy shoot disease phytoplasma
D: sorghum bunchy shoot phytoplasma
E: transformation binary vector pbar-35s
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ja-overexpression 35s::prosys plant'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: 'juniperus excelsa' phytoplasma
B: agropyron drobovii (aka campeiostachys drobovii)
C: phytoseiulus persimilis
D: 'saccharum officinarum' grassy shoot disease phytoplasma
E: solanum pascoense
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Their proteinase inhibitor production and volatile emission were used as direct and indirect defence factors to evaluate the responses of leafminers and parasitoids.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'leafminers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lamachodes
B: pea leafminer (aka liriomyza huidobrensis)
C: leafminer moths (aka gracillariidae)
D: holly leafminers (aka phytomyza)
E: celery leafminer (aka liriomyza trifolii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we show that although spr2 mutant plants are compromised in direct defence against the larval leafminers and in attracting parasitoids, they are less attractive to adult flies compared with WT plants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'spr2 mutant plants'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sugarcane green grassy shoot phytoplasma
B: sugarcane yellows phytoplasma
C: psyllipsocus ramburii
D: sandal spike phytoplasma
E: 'saccharum officinarum' grassy shoot disease phytoplasma
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we show that although spr2 mutant plants are compromised in direct defence against the larval leafminers and in attracting parasitoids, they are less attractive to adult flies compared with WT plants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'leafminers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ribbed apple leaf miner (aka leucoptera malifoliella)
B: pea leafminer (aka liriomyza huidobrensis)
C: leafminer moths (aka gracillariidae)
D: celery leafminer (aka liriomyza trifolii)
E: leaf miners (aka agromyzidae)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we show that although spr2 mutant plants are compromised in direct defence against the larval leafminers and in attracting parasitoids, they are less attractive to adult flies compared with WT plants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wt plants'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plantago unibracteata
B: trifolium sylvaticum
C: plantago atrata
D: trifolium pratense (peavine clover) (aka trifolium pratense)
E: plantago maxima
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Moreover, in comparison to other genotypes, the 35S::prosys plant displays greater direct and constitutive indirect defences, but reduced success of parasitism by parasitoids.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to '35s::prosys plant'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sugarcane green grassy shoot phytoplasma
B: pantomorus sulfureus
C: phytoptus serbicus
D: expression vector pbs-35s-yfp
E: transformation binary vector pbar-35s
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Haplotype analysis of the genes encoding glutamine synthetase plastic isoforms and their association with nitrogen-use- and yield-related traits in bread wheat.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bread wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
B: triticum aegilops (aka aegilops tauschii)
C: canadian hard winter wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
D: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
E: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Investigating the haplotype variation of GS genes and its association with agronomic traits may provide useful information for improving wheat N-use efficiency and yield.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: poulard wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
B: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
C: triticum
D: triticum aegilops (aka aegilops tauschii)
E: triticum sativum (aka triticum aestivum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We isolated the promoter and coding region sequences of the plastic glutamine synthetase isoform (GS2) genes located on chromosomes 2A, 2B and 2D in bread wheat.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bread wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helenium aestivale (aka gaillardia aestivalis)
B: canadian hard winter wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
C: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
D: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
E: poulard wheat (aka triticum turgidum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our data suggest that certain TaGS2 haplotypes may be valuable in breeding wheat varieties with improved agronomic performance and N-use efficiency.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wheat'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: triticum triunciale (aka aegilops triuncialis)
B: wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
C: triticum peregrinum (aka aegilops peregrina)
D: wild emmer wheat (aka triticum dicoccoides)
E: polish wheat (aka triticum polonicum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'High homologous gene conservation despite extreme autopolyploid redundancy in sugarcane.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sugarcane'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sugarcane (aka saccharum officinarum)
B: african sugarcane borer (aka eldana saccharina)
C: saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) (aka saccharum spontaneum)
D: sugarcane borer (aka diatraea saccharalis)
E: chinese cane (aka saccharum sinense)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'High homologous gene conservation despite extreme autopolyploid redundancy in sugarcane.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sugarcane'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharum officinarum species complex (cultivated sugarcanes) (aka saccharum officinarum species complex)
B: saccharum japonicum (aka miscanthus sinensis)
C: chinese cane (aka saccharum sinense)
D: narenga (aka saccharum)
E: sitticus cellulanus (aka jollas cellulanus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Modern sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the leading sugar crop and a primary energy crop.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sugarcane'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharum japonicum (aka miscanthus sinensis)
B: saccharum officinarum (noble cane) (aka saccharum officinarum)
C: african sugarcane borer (aka eldana saccharina)
D: sugarcane plumegrass (aka saccharum giganteum)
E: sugarcane (aka saccharum hybrid cultivar)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Modern sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the leading sugar crop and a primary energy crop.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharum spp.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharum sp.
B: saccharibacillus sp.
C: saccharina sp.
D: saccharospirillum sp.
E: sorghum sp.
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was produced about a century ago through hybridization between two autopolyploid species, namely S. officinarum and S. spontaneum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. officinarum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum horridum
B: solanum florulentum
C: sugarcane (aka saccharum officinarum)
D: solanum rigidum
E: solanum absconditum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was produced about a century ago through hybridization between two autopolyploid species, namely S. officinarum and S. spontaneum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. spontaneum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sphingobium vulgare
B: solanum canense
C: saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) (aka saccharum spontaneum)
D: solanum horridum
E: solanum fusiforme
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The two recently established genera Apostrombidium Xu et al., 2009 and Varistrombidium Xu et al., 2009 and the analysis of ontogenetic data in Strombidium constrictum, S. montagnesi, S. wilberti, Omegastrombidium elegans, and Paratontonia gracillima necessitated a revision of the hypothesis about the somatic ciliary pattern evolution in oligotrichid ciliates.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'omegastrombidium elegans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aphodius elegans
B: leptolobium elegans
C: omegastrombidium elegans
D: kerriodoxa elegans
E: dictyodendrilla elegans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nitric oxide participates in cold-responsive phosphosphingolipid formation and gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: euxoa agricola (noctua agricola) (aka euxoa agricola)
B: arabis arenosa (aka arabidopsis arenosa)
C: arabidella
D: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
E: agrotis aurulenta (aka euxoa aurulenta)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The participation of NO in the early transduction of the cold signal in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
B: euxoa agricola (noctua agricola) (aka euxoa agricola)
C: plantago cynops (aka plantago afra)
D: arabidopsis arenosa (cardaminopsis arenosa) (aka arabidopsis arenosa)
E: plantago triantha
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Moreover, NO accumulation was not observed in H7 plants overexpressing the A. thaliana nonsymbiotic hemoglobin Arabidopsis haemoglobin 1 (AHb1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'a. thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrotis aurulenta (aka euxoa aurulenta)
B: agrotis atlantica (aka noctua atlantica)
C: amaranthus aureus
D: phytomonas tumefaciens (aka agrobacterium tumefaciens)
E: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of a novel mitochondrial protein, short postembryonic roots 1 (SPR1), involved in root development and iron homeostasis in Oryza sativa.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oryza sativa'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryza sativa (asian cultivated rice) (aka oryza sativa)
B: oryza nivara
C: oryza
D: ricegrass (aka oryzopsis)
E: australian wild rice (aka oryza meridionalis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A rice mutant, Oryza sativa short postembryonic roots 1 (Osspr1), has been characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: african rice (aka oryza glaberrima)
B: oryza
C: oryza sativa (asian cultivated rice) (aka oryza sativa)
D: oryzihumus
E: oryza perennis
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A rice mutant, Oryza sativa short postembryonic roots 1 (Osspr1), has been characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryza perennis
B: ricegrass (aka oryzopsis)
C: australian wild rice (aka oryza meridionalis)
D: common wild rice (aka oryza rufipogon)
E: oryza glaberrima (african rice) (aka oryza glaberrima)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A rice mutant, Oryza sativa short postembryonic roots 1 (Osspr1), has been characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oryza sativa short postembryonic roots 1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryza
B: oryzomonas
C: oryza sativa subsp. indica (aka oryza sativa indica group)
D: oryza perennis
E: red rice (aka oryza sativa)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A rice mutant, Oryza sativa short postembryonic roots 1 (Osspr1), has been characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'osspr1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orbilia oligospora narnavirus 1
B: oar
C: ossoides
D: orbilia oligospora totivirus 1
E: transfection vector ostir
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '* OsSPR1 was identified by map-based cloning.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'osspr1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sclerotinia sclerotiorum ophiovirus like virus 1
B: oar
C: opuntia viroid 1
D: osca
E: ophiostoma partitivirus 1
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Complementation of the mutant confirmed that OsSPR1 is involved in post-embryonic root elongation and iron homeostasis in rice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'osspr1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oar
B: ossoides
C: orsa
D: ocys
E: orses
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'OsSPR1 was found to be ubiquitously expressed in various tissues throughout the plant.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'osspr1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oar
B: otostephanos
C: ophiostoma partitivirus 1
D: opuntia viroid 1
E: ossoides
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genomic profiling of carbohydrate metabolism in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tuber polymorphosporum
B: agaricus melanosporus (secotium melanosporum) (aka agaricus melanosporus)
C: glomus melanosporum
D: tuber melanosporum (perigord truffle) (aka tuber melanosporum)
E: triepeolus melanarius
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we used information retrieved from the recently sequenced Tuber melanosporum genome, together with transcriptome analysis data and targeted validation experiments, to construct the first genome-wide catalogue of the proteins supporting carbohydrate metabolism in a plant-symbiotic ascomycete.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: secotium melanosporum (aka agaricus melanosporus)
B: tuber melanorufum
C: tuber xanthomonosporum
D: stibaroma melanotoxa
E: perigord truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Transcriptional regulation of these pathways in different stages of the T. melanosporum lifecycle was investigated using whole-genome oligoarray expression data together with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of selected genes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: helicosporium luteosporum
B: trichosporon oryzae (aka moesziomyces antarcticus)
C: perigord truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
D: tuber polymorphosporum
E: trichoderma album
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data indicate a high degree of lifecycle stage specialization for particular branches of carbohydrate metabolism in T. melanosporum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tuber polymorphosporum
B: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
C: penicillium melanosporum
D: tuber melanorufum
E: trichoderma glaucum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hyphal and cytoskeleton polarization in Tuber melanosporum: a genomic and cellular analysis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tuber sphaerosporum
B: secotium melanosporum (aka agaricus melanosporus)
C: tuber melanoexcavatum
D: tuber melanosporum (perigord truffle) (aka tuber melanosporum)
E: stibaroma melanotoxa
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hyphal and cytoskeleton polarization in Tuber melanosporum: a genomic and cellular analysis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agaricus melanosporus (secotium melanosporum) (aka agaricus melanosporus)
B: picoa melospora (aka tuber melosporum)
C: penicillium melanosporum
D: tuber melanorufum
E: tuber xanthomonosporum
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We have explored the Tuber melanosporum genome sequence by searching for homologs of genes known to play crucial roles in the morphogenesis and cell polarity of yeasts and filamentous fungi.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tuber melanorufum
B: stibaroma melanotoxa
C: secotium melanosporum (aka agaricus melanosporus)
D: tuber calosporum
E: perigord truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We have explored the Tuber melanosporum genome sequence by searching for homologs of genes known to play crucial roles in the morphogenesis and cell polarity of yeasts and filamentous fungi.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cryptomyces
B: zygotorulaspora
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: torulaspora
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A detailed gene annotation has shown that most components of the cell polarity machinery, morphogenesis and cytoskeleton found in yeasts and filamentous fungi are conserved, although the degree of similarity varies from strong to weak.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: torulaspora
B: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
E: cryptomyces
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The osmosensing signal transduction pathway from Botrytis cinerea regulates cell wall integrity and MAP kinase pathways control melanin biosynthesis with influence of light.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'botrytis cinerea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: botryllus horridus
B: botryotinia fuckeliana (aka botrytis cinerea)
C: roylea cinerea (ballota cinerea) (aka roylea cinerea)
D: botrytis virella (aka beauveria virella)
E: botrytis ficariarum (aka botryotinia ficariarum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we show that the osmotic signal transduction cascade is involved in cell wall integrity in the phytopathogenic ascomycete Botrytis cinerea.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'botrytis cinerea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: alsodeia cinerea (aka rinorea cinerea)
B: botryllus horridus
C: botrytis nigra (aka virgaria nigra)
D: botryotinia fuckeliana (aka botrytis cinerea)
E: bolitophila cinerea
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Testate amoebae have proved an interesting group of indicator organisms in palaeoenvironmental studies and have also been used as bioindicators of human impact on ecosystems.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: cardium humanum (aka glossus humanus)
C: gymnopleurus humanus
D: great apes (aka hominidae)
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '1. Fundamental and realized spatial niches were investigated through a combination of laboratory and mesocosm experiments, field observations and null model analysis in three intertidal gobiid species (Bathygobius fuscus, Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bathygobius fuscus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tropidophis fuscus
B: cyperus fuscus
C: zorocrates fuscus
D: dusky frillgoby (aka bathygobius fuscus)
E: gymnopus fuscus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '1. Fundamental and realized spatial niches were investigated through a combination of laboratory and mesocosm experiments, field observations and null model analysis in three intertidal gobiid species (Bathygobius fuscus, Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chaenogobius annularis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gonatodes annularis (annulated gecko) (aka gonatodes annularis)
B: chaenogobius annularis (forktongue goby) (aka chaenogobius annularis)
C: cyclonexis annularis
D: callophis annularis (aka sinomicrurus annularis)
E: gonodactylellus annularis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context '1. Fundamental and realized spatial niches were investigated through a combination of laboratory and mesocosm experiments, field observations and null model analysis in three intertidal gobiid species (Bathygobius fuscus, Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. gulosus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: galeocharax gulo (cynopotamus gulo) (aka galeocharax gulo)
B: sauroconcha gulosa (meridolum gulosa (gould, 1846)) (aka sauroconcha gulosa)
C: saccostoma gulosus (aka chaenogobius gulosus)
D: herpetosiphon gulosus
E: lepomis gulosus (chaenobryttus gulosus) (aka lepomis gulosus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two Chaenogobius species, but not B. fuscus, decreased tidepool occupancy in the hetero-specific treatments compared with the mono-specific ones.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. fuscus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudochromis fuscus (brown dottyback) (aka pseudochromis fuscus)
B: anthrenus fuscus
C: fuscospora fusca (aka nothofagus fusca)
D: bombus asiaticus
E: pediacus fuscus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two Chaenogobius species, but not B. fuscus, decreased tidepool occupancy in the hetero-specific treatments compared with the mono-specific ones.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. fuscus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rubus fuscus
B: coxobolellus fuscus
C: mytilus fuscus (aka botula fusca)
D: haploblepharus fuscus (brown shyshark) (aka haploblepharus fuscus)
E: bombus asiaticus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Morphology and ultrastructure of multiple life cycle stages of the photosynthetic relative of apicomplexa, Chromera velia.
Chromera velia is a photosynthetic alga with a secondary plastid that represents the closest known photosynthetic relative of the apicomplexan parasites.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chromera velia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: velia caprai
B: chromera velia (alveolata sp. rbm-2007) (aka chromera velia)
C: poecilia velifera (mollienesia velifera) (aka poecilia velifera)
D: haplochromis velifer (astatotilapia velifer) (aka haplochromis velifer)
E: spaelotis velicava
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Morphology and ultrastructure of multiple life cycle stages of the photosynthetic relative of apicomplexa, Chromera velia.
Chromera velia is a photosynthetic alga with a secondary plastid that represents the closest known photosynthetic relative of the apicomplexan parasites.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chromera velia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: astatotilapia velifer (aka haplochromis velifer)
B: chromera velia (alveolata sp. rbm-2007) (aka chromera velia)
C: conocybe velata (galera velata) (aka conocybe velata)
D: capnia melia
E: chromera velia ccmp2878
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The original description of this organism was based on brownish, immotile coccoid cells, which is the predominating stage of C. velia in the culture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. velia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: callicorixa vulnerata (corixa vulnerata) (aka callicorixa vulnerata)
B: theileria velifera
C: coloradia velda
D: galera velata (aka conocybe velata)
E: vellozia candida
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we provide a detailed light and electron microscopy description of coccoid cells of C. velia and a previously undocumented bi-flagellated stage that is highly motile and moves in a characteristic zig-zag pattern.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. velia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theileria velifera
B: coltricia velutina
C: conocybe velata (galera velata) (aka conocybe velata)
D: capnia melia
E: velia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The C. velia cells contain a pseudoconoid, which is likely homologous to the corresponding structure in the apical complex of Apicomplexa, cortical alveoli subtended by subpellicular microtubules, mitochondrion with tubular cristae, a micropyle, and a distinctive chromerosome, an apparently novel type of extrusion organelle.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. velia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: coltricia velutina
B: velia concii
C: velia caprai
D: callicorixa vulnerata (corixa vulnerata) (aka callicorixa vulnerata)
E: conocybe velata (galera velata) (aka conocybe velata)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of the C-terminal ORF2 protein of duck astrovirus for application in a serological test.
Duck astrovirus (DAstV) is an important pathogen causing duck viral hepatitis (DVH), a highly contagious and fatal disease in young ducklings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'duck astrovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pacific black duck astrovirus
B: duck astrovirus gii.a
C: avian astrovirus 7
D: goose astrovirus
E: turkey astrovirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of the C-terminal ORF2 protein of duck astrovirus for application in a serological test.
Duck astrovirus (DAstV) is an important pathogen causing duck viral hepatitis (DVH), a highly contagious and fatal disease in young ducklings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'duck astrovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: duck influenza virus
B: duck astrovirus gii.a
C: shorebird astrovirus
D: avian astrovirus
E: duck picornavirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Expression of the C-terminal ORF2 protein of duck astrovirus for application in a serological test.
Duck astrovirus (DAstV) is an important pathogen causing duck viral hepatitis (DVH), a highly contagious and fatal disease in young ducklings.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dastv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bat adeno-associated virus btaav-ds4
B: saddaguia virus
C: swine vesicular disease virus
D: tasvd (aka tomato apical stunt viroid)
E: bat adeno-associated virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To provide an antigen for a diagnostic serum test, the C-terminus of DAstV ORF2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'escherichia coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 99.1793
B: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
C: escherichia coli 99.1762
D: escherichia coli 9.1796
E: escherichia freundii (aka citrobacter freundii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'duck hepatitis a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: avian hepatitis e virus
B: avihepatovirus a (duck hepatitis virus type 1) (aka avihepatovirus a)
C: human hepatitis a virus hav (aka human hepatitis a virus)
D: duck hepacivirus
E: duck hepatitis virus, dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'duck hepatitis a virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: duck influenza virus
B: avian hepatitis e virus
C: duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv (aka duck hepatitis b virus))
D: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
E: duck hepatitis virus type 3 (aka duck hepatitis virus 3)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'duck plague herpesvirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: duck plague virus (aka anatid alphaherpesvirus 1)
B: fowl plague virus (fpv (aka fowl plague virus))
C: duck rhabdovirus
D: marek's disease virus (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
E: duck circovirus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'duck reovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nelson bay reovirus (aka nelson bay orthoreovirus)
B: drosophila reovirus
C: avian reovirus (aka avian orthoreovirus)
D: goose reovirus
E: duck reovirus sd-12
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'newcastle disease virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: newcastle disease virus (strain las/46)
B: newcastle disease virus (strain 3/91)
C: newcastle disease virus (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
D: newcastle disease virus class 1
E: duck plague virus (aka anatid alphaherpesvirus 1)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'riemerella anatipestifer 12/19'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pfeifferella anatipestifer (aka riemerella anatipestifer)
B: riemerella anatipestifer strain ra-gd (aka riemerella anatipestifer ra-gd)
C: riemerella anatipestifer ra-ch-2
D: riemerella anatipestifer atcc 11845 (aka riemerella anatipestifer atcc 11845 = dsm 15868)
E: riemerella anatipestifer yb2
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to '26/51'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: alpha proteobacterium or-51
B: 16srx (apple proliferation group)
C: enterobacteriaceae bacterium aad52f
D: proteobacterium 5-52
E: amur virus primorye/h2/2000
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dastv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bat adeno-associated virus btaav-ds1
B: bat adeno-associated virus
C: rose spring dwarf-associated virus
D: tasmanian devil-associated astrovirus 1
E: drosophila-associated tymovirus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis A virus, duck plague herpesvirus, duck reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Riemerella anatipestifer 12/19 (63.2%) and 26/51 (51%) sera samples from two flocks of ducks that survived DAstV infections in commercial duck farms were positive for DAstV by this method, respectively.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dastv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tasmanian devil-associated astrovirus 1
B: drosophila a virus
C: duck adeno-associated virus
D: dstusv (aka sigmavirus sturtevanti)
E: bat adeno-associated virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interestingly, DAstV-specific antibodies were also detected in 12 (28.6%) of 42 sera samples from a different flock without DVH, indicating a wide distribution of subclinical infections caused by DAstV.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dastv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tasmanian devil-associated sapelovirus
B: saddaguia virus
C: bat adeno-associated virus btaav-ds4
D: duck adeno-associated virus
E: swine vesicular disease virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interestingly, DAstV-specific antibodies were also detected in 12 (28.6%) of 42 sera samples from a different flock without DVH, indicating a wide distribution of subclinical infections caused by DAstV.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dastv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tasmanian devil retrovirus
B: bat adeno-associated virus
C: tasmanian devil-associated sapelovirus
D: swine vesicular disease virus
E: drosophila-associated tymovirus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We examined whether flock size risk thresholds for attack rate, success rate or dilution differed, and therefore whether the strength of selection for group size differed for these three factors, using a system of redshank Tringa totanus flocks being hunted by Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'redshank'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: norway redfish (aka sebastes viviparus)
B: rhodnius domesticus
C: red river hog (aka potamochoerus porcus)
D: redfish (aka sebastes marinus)
E: red sea parrotfish (aka scarus collana)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We examined whether flock size risk thresholds for attack rate, success rate or dilution differed, and therefore whether the strength of selection for group size differed for these three factors, using a system of redshank Tringa totanus flocks being hunted by Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'redshank'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: turdus rubrocanus
B: red whalefish (aka barbourisia rufa)
C: golden redfish (aka sebastes norvegicus)
D: redcoat (aka sargocentron rubrum)
E: panthous ruber
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We examined whether flock size risk thresholds for attack rate, success rate or dilution differed, and therefore whether the strength of selection for group size differed for these three factors, using a system of redshank Tringa totanus flocks being hunted by Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tringa totanus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tringa stagnatilis (totanus stagnatilis) (aka tringa stagnatilis)
B: agriocnemis toto
C: scolopax totanus totanus (aka tringa totanus totanus)
D: tringa totanus (scolopax totanus) (aka tringa totanus)
E: tabanus gratus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We examined whether flock size risk thresholds for attack rate, success rate or dilution differed, and therefore whether the strength of selection for group size differed for these three factors, using a system of redshank Tringa totanus flocks being hunted by Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'eurasian sparrowhawks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: accipiter griseiceps (astur griseiceps) (aka accipiter griseiceps)
B: italian sparrow (aka passer italiae)
C: accipiter soloensis (chinese goshawk) (aka accipiter soloensis)
D: eurasian sparrowhawk (aka accipiter nisus)
E: accipiter gularis (japanese sparrowhawk) (aka accipiter gularis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We examined whether flock size risk thresholds for attack rate, success rate or dilution differed, and therefore whether the strength of selection for group size differed for these three factors, using a system of redshank Tringa totanus flocks being hunted by Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'accipiter nisus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sharp-shinned hawk (aka accipiter striatus)
B: accipiter nisus punicus
C: falco nisus (aka accipiter nisus)
D: nisus brutus (aka accipiter francesiae brutus)
E: accipiter imitator
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. Mean redshank flock size increased with a very gradual quadratic function (i.e. approximately linearly) with population size, although at a rate half that possible; when population size was not limiting, individuals almost always avoided flocks of less than 30 and birds were frequently in flocks up to at least 80.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'redshank'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: norway redfish (aka sebastes viviparus)
B: reduvius
C: turdus rubrocanus
D: redbait (aka emmelichthys nitidus)
E: red wolf (aka canis rufus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Sparrowhawk attack rate showed a quadratic relationship with flock size and peaked at 55 redshanks.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sparrowhawk'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cora accipiter
B: fox sparrow (aka passerella iliaca)
C: accipiter gularis (japanese sparrowhawk) (aka accipiter gularis)
D: house sparrow (aka passer domesticus)
E: eurasian sparrowhawk (aka accipiter nisus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Sparrowhawk attack rate showed a quadratic relationship with flock size and peaked at 55 redshanks.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'redshanks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: reduvius
B: rubus tardus
C: spotted redshank (aka tringa erythropus)
D: panthous ruber
E: redfish (aka sciaenops ocellatus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Sparrowhawk attack success rate, however, declined exponentially, becoming less steep at flock sizes of about 40 and remaining uniformly low (a 95% decrease) by 70.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'sparrowhawk'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: accipiter gularis (japanese sparrowhawk) (aka accipiter gularis)
B: cora accipiter
C: accipiter nisus (eurasian sparrowhawk) (aka accipiter nisus)
D: accipiter soloensis (chinese goshawk) (aka accipiter soloensis)
E: sparrows (aka passeridae)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '4. Redshanks most commonly formed group sizes that gained the maximum individual predation risk reduction.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'redshanks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: panthous ruber
B: golden redfish (aka sebastes norvegicus)
C: red river hog (aka potamochoerus porcus)
D: redfish (aka sebastes marinus)
E: red-tailed snakehead (aka channa gachua)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We studied the impact of two ant species common in Central Europe, Myrmica rubra and Lasius niger, on an arthropod community.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'myrmica rubra'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: melastoma rubrum (aka miconia rubra)
B: macrocarpaea rubra
C: formica rubra (aka myrmica rubra)
D: corymbia rubra
E: amanita rubra (aka russula rubra)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We studied the impact of two ant species common in Central Europe, Myrmica rubra and Lasius niger, on an arthropod community.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lasius niger'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neoneuromus niger
B: cyperus niger
C: hydroporus niger
D: aparallactus niger
E: formica niger (aka lasius niger)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We studied the impact of two ant species common in Central Europe, Myrmica rubra and Lasius niger, on an arthropod community.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lasius niger'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pilophorus niger
B: limnoxenus niger
C: saprinus niger
D: neoneuromus niger
E: hydroporus niger
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Generally, effects of the two ant species were similar with the exception of their effect on Braconidae parasitoid densities that responded positively to one colony of M. rubra but not of L. niger.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. rubra'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nemia rubra (aka manulea rubra)
B: mathildella rubra
C: myrmica rubra (formica rubra) (aka myrmica rubra)
D: marmosa rubra (red mouse opossum) (aka marmosa rubra)
E: musa rubra
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Generally, effects of the two ant species were similar with the exception of their effect on Braconidae parasitoid densities that responded positively to one colony of M. rubra but not of L. niger.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. niger'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leptolejeunea nigra
B: zygophylax niger
C: lamprogrammus niger
D: neoneuromus niger
E: lasius niger (lasius (lasius) niger) (aka lasius niger)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This effect was independent of ant colony density, but where two colonies were present, spider richness was significantly greater in plots with two M. rubra colonies than in plots with one colony of each ant species.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'm. rubra'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: miconia rubra (melastoma rubrum) (aka miconia rubra)
B: myrmica rubra (formica rubra) (aka myrmica rubra)
C: methylomonas rubra
D: rubroshorea rubra (shorea rubra) (aka rubroshorea rubra)
E: macrocarpaea rubra
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'are extremely rarely parasitized by common cuckoos Cuculus canorus despite breeding commonly in sympatry and building the most conspicuous nests among forest-breeding passerines.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'common cuckoos'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lesser cuckoo (aka cuculus poliocephalus)
B: cucumis globosus
C: cuculus canorus (common cuckoo) (aka cuculus canorus)
D: madagascar cuckoo (aka cuculus rochii)
E: cucumis omissus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'are extremely rarely parasitized by common cuckoos Cuculus canorus despite breeding commonly in sympatry and building the most conspicuous nests among forest-breeding passerines.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuculus canorus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: common cuckoo (aka cuculus canorus)
B: cuculus saturatus (oriental cuckoo) (aka cuculus saturatus)
C: cucumis carolinus
D: macrurus canus (aka coelorinchus canus)
E: cucumis rigidus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No single examined factor explained cuckoo avoidance of thrushes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cucumis debilis
B: cucumis omissus
C: cuculus canorus (common cuckoo) (aka cuculus canorus)
D: cucurbita pepo
E: cucumis melo (oriental melon) (aka cucumis melo)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Life-history traits of all six European thrush species and the 10 most frequently used cuckoo hosts in Europe were similar except body/egg size, nest design and nestling diet.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cucumis omissus
B: madagascar cuckoo (aka cuculus rochii)
C: cucurbita pepo
D: cuculus canorus (common cuckoo) (aka cuculus canorus)
E: cucumbers (aka cucumis sativus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '4. Experiments (n = 1211) in several populations across Europe showed that host defences at egg-laying and incubation stages did not account for the lack of cuckoo parasitism in thrushes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cuckoo'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lesser cuckoo (aka cuculus poliocephalus)
B: common cuckoo (aka cuculus canorus)
C: cucumella cinerea (aka cucumis cinereus)
D: cucumbers (aka cucumis sativus)
E: cucumis melo (oriental melon) (aka cucumis melo)
F: None of the above. | B |
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