paper_id stringlengths 10 10 ⌀ | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
null | false | null | David Allan Farrish (born August 1, 1956) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 430 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New York Rangers, Quebec Nordiques, and Toronto Maple Leafs between 1976 and 1984. He featured in the 1979 Stanley Cup Finals with the Rangers.
He also pla... | Given a reference text about David Allan Farrish, tell me how many games he played in the NHL. | David Allan Farrish played 430 games in the NHL. |
null | false | 85 | Minimal pre-processing was done by converting text to lower case, removing the hashtags at the end of tweets and separating each punctuation from the connected token (e.g., awesome!! INLINEFORM0 awesome !!) and replacing comma and new-line characters with white space. The text, then, was tokenized using TensorFlow-Kera... | To understand how changing the embedding layer affects performance, which two embedding models do the authors use? | ConceptNet Numberbatch and fastText |
null | false | null | Which of the following animals are primates: Human, Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Bats, Goat, Bears, Orangutans, Wolf, Lion, Squirrel, Koala, Cheetah, Deer, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Lemurs, Blue whale, Chimpanzee | Not all of them are primates! From that list the primates are:
- Human
- Bonobos
- Orangutans
- Gorillas
- Lemurs
- Chimpanzee | |
null | false | null | Classify each of the following as either a lepton or a hadron: electron, proton, neutron, pi meson, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino. | Protons, neutrons and pi mesons are members of the hadron family of particles. Hadrons are particles that interact through the strong force.
Electrons, electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos and tau neutrinos are members of the lepton family. Leptons interact through the weak force, and if charged, the electromagnetic for... | |
null | false | null | Which is a species of fish? Haddock or Polar | Haddock | |
null | false | null | What is geodesy? | Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. It is called planetary geodesy when studying other astronomical bodies, such as planets or circumplanetary systems.
Geodynamical phenomena, including crustal motion, tides, and pol... | |
null | false | null | The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet. On the upper-side base of each seed scale are two ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization by pollen grains. The bract scales deve... | How does a pine cone work? | A pine cone consists of scales which protect seeds. The scales can open and close depending on conditions. The scales will open temporarily to receive pollen, then close again until the seeds mature. Once mature, the scales will open and close depending on their moisture content. Once the seeds are mature, the scales c... |
null | false | null | What is the name of the National Anthem of the Netherlands? | The name of the National Anthem of the Netherlands is "Wilhelmus". | |
null | false | null | The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. | Where can you find the Citron-bellied attila? | The The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) can be found in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. |
null | false | null | What kind of dog is a Bernedoodle? | A Bernedoodle is a dog that is a mix of two other types of dogs: a poodle and a bernese mountain dog. These two dogs are cross-bred to create the Bernedoodle, frequently to get the hair of the poodle rather than the coast of a Bernese. This means the dog does not shed and is hypoallergenic which makes for a much tid... | |
1904.12087 | false | null | As evidenced in Section "Related Work" , the focus of most of these studies is the identification of languages and dialects using contemporary data. A few exceptions include the work by trieschnigg2012exploration who applied language identification methods to historical varieties of Dutch and the work by CLIarxiv on la... | What is one of the first writing systems in the world? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Cuneiform
|
null | false | null | Who created the tech company Apple? | Steve Jobs was the founder of Apple | |
null | false | 104 | Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) has emerged as an important task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to its applicability in information extraction, question answering, and other NLP tasks. SRL is the problem of finding predicate-argument structure in a sentence, as illustrated below:
INLINEFORM0
Here, the predicat... | What is the joint Bayesian model for? | unsupervised semantic role induction in multiple languages |
null | false | null | Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary. It is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum. It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday (also Holy and Great Friday), and Black Friday.
Members of many Christian denomination... | What is Good Friday? | Good Friday is a Christian holiday to remember the crucifixion of Jesus. Members of a lot of christian denominations observe this holiday with fasting and church services. The date of the holiday varies from year to year depending on the computation of the date of Easter. |
null | false | 298 | At a high level, as shown in Figure FIGREF4 , a product search engine works as follows: a customer issues a query, which is passed to a lexical matching engine (typically an inverted index BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 ) to retrieve all products that contain words in the query, producing a match set. The match set passes through s... | What do they recommend average pooling in combination with? | n-grams that capture short-range linguistic patterns. |
null | false | 446 | We introduce a generalized FedSSL framework that empowers existing SSL methods based on Siamese networks to learn from decentralized data under privacy constraints. Figure depicts the end-to-end training pipeline of the framework. It comprises of three key operations: 1) Local Training in clients; 2) Model Aggregation ... | The superscript and subscript of W have been defined. But W itself has not been defined in the paper. From the context, I assume, are these the parameters of your model? | Yes. W itself stands for the parameters of the model. We have revised it in Section 3.2 (last line) to prevent misunderstandings |
null | false | 388 | The current coverage of the political landscape in the press and in social media has led to an unprecedented situation. Like never before, a statement in an interview, a press release, a blog note, or a tweet can spread almost instantaneously and reach the public in no time. This proliferation speed has left little tim... | What do the authors train in the experiments? | Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Feed-forward Neural Networks (FNN). |
null | false | null | What is the most popular female dog name | bella | |
null | false | null | What is the name of Portland, Oregon's light rail system? | MAX Light Rail | |
null | false | null | The first successful password-authenticated key agreement methods were Encrypted Key Exchange methods described by Steven M. Bellovin and Michael Merritt in 1992. Although several of the first methods were flawed, the surviving and enhanced forms of EKE effectively amplify a shared password into a shared key, which can... | Given this paragraph about Password-authenticated key exchange, what year were the first provably-secure protocols created? | The first provably-secure protocols for Password-authenticated key exchanges(PAKE) were presented in 2000 at "Eurocrypt 2000" by two groups Mihir Bellare, David Pointcheval and Phillip Rogaway, and Victor Boyko, Philip MacKenzie and Sarvar Patel. |
null | false | null | Where was the first ever India and USA armed forces Tri-Services Exercise Tiger Triumph help? | The first ever India and USA armed forces Tri-Services Exercise Tiger Triumph was held in Kikinada Coast, India | |
null | false | 141 | Automatic summarization, machine translation, question answering, and semantic parsing operations are useful for processing, analyzing, and extracting meaningful information from text. However, when applied to long texts, these tasks usually require some minimal syntactic structure to be identified, such as sentences B... | What learning do the authors also apply? | Semi-supervised learning. |
null | false | 341 | Recent advances in Machine Learning (ML) and, in particular, in Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have allowed the development of highly accurate predictive systems for numerous applications. Among others, health has received significant attention due to the potential of ML-based diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic systems... | What hypothesis do they want to study? | The hypothesis that speaker characteristics embedded in x-vectors extracted from a single network, trained for speaker identification using general data, contain sufficient information to allow the detection of multiple diseases. |
null | false | null | How many ways are there to skin a cat? | There is are many ways to skin a cat. The most important thing is to make sure no skin is left on the carcass. However this is also a popular proverb that means there are many ways to do something, to achieve a goal. | |
null | false | null | The CIA has covertly hired Professor Jerry Hathaway at Pacific Technical University to develop the power source for "Crossbow": a laser weapon precise enough to commit illegal political assassinations from outer space. Hathaway uses his position to recruit brilliant students to do the work for him but, aside from his g... | Summarize the plot synopsis of the movie Real Genius in 3 sentences. | The CIA hires Professor Jerry Hathaway to develop the power source for a laser powerful and precise enough to vaporize human targets from outer space. Hathaway's newly recruited genius Mitch, along with his previous prodigy, Chris, work together to develop the technology and succeed, only to later learn of Hathaway's t... |
null | false | null | Which is a species of fish? Rock bass or Rock | Rock bass | |
null | false | null | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chenda, Suroz | Suroz is string, Chenda is percussion. | |
null | false | 34 | Single-relation factoid questions are the most common form of questions found in search query logs and community question answering websites BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 . A knowledge-base (KB) such as Freebase, DBpedia, or Wikidata can help answer such questions after users reformulate them as queries. For instance, the question... | What are the key issues that make learning the mapping non-trivial? | First, there are many paraphrases of the same question. Second, many of the KB entries are unseen during training time; however, they still need to correctly predict them at test time. Third, a KB such as Freebase typically contains mil lions of entities and thousands of predicates, making it difficult for a system t... |
null | false | null | Describe the benefits of living in a small town. | Small town living provides a multitude of good and bad experiences which can be influenced on your personal desires. In a small town rumors and news can travel fast since the social circles are smaller and everyone tends to be more connected. It can be rare to go out and not see someone whom you know or are friends w... | |
null | false | null | Classify the following as either a makeup product, school supply or both: eye shadow, highlighter, contour stick, eye pencil, binder, marker | Eye shadow: makeup product, Highlighter: both, Contour stick: makeup product, Eye pencil: makeup product, binder: school supply, marker: school supply | |
null | false | null | Tell me whether a human has two or one of each of the following body parts: eye, mouth, nose, leg, ear, neck | Eye: Two
Mouth: One
Nose: One
Leg: Two
Ear: Two
Neck: One | |
null | false | null | When going snowboarding what equipment will you need: Snowboard, boots, umbrella, computer, TV, gloves, bindings | snowboard, gloves, boots, bindings | |
1702.03274 | false | null | We defined the reward as being 1 for successfully completing the task, and 0 otherwise. A discount of $0.95$ was used to incentivize the system to complete dialogs faster rather than slower, yielding return 0 for failed dialogs, and $G = 0.95^{T-1}$ for successful dialogs, where $T$ is the number of system turns in the... | What is the reward model for the reinforcement learning appraoch? | reward 1 for successfully completing the task, with a discount by the number of turns, and reward 0 when fail |
2004.03744 | false | null | The same BUTD model that achieves 73.02% on the uncorrected SNLI-VE test set, achieves 73.18% balanced accuracy when tested on the corrected test set from SNLI-VE-2.0. Hence, for this model, we do not notice a significant difference in performance. This could be due to randomness. Finally, when we run the training loop... | How much is performance difference of existing model between original and corrected corpus? | The answers are shown as follows:
* 73.02% on the uncorrected SNLI-VE test set, achieves 73.18% balanced accuracy when tested on the corrected test set
|
null | false | null | In RollerCoaster Tycoon 2, players manage amusement parks and attempt to meet various goals to complete assigned scenarios. The game retains the isometric perspective of its predecessor, allowing for high compatibility with amusement parks made in the previous game. Various attractions, including transport rides, gentl... | What do you do as a player playing RollerCoaster Tycoon 2? | The player satisfies park visitors' needs by building facilities and services such as food stalls, bathrooms, souvenir shops, ATMs, and information kiosks, as well as by hiring staff. The player must simultaneously balance the park's expenses and income. |
null | false | 53 | Medical search engines are an essential component for many online medical applications, such as online diagnosis systems and medical document databases. A typical online diagnosis system, for instance, relies on a medical search engine. The search engine takes as input a user query that describes some symptoms and then... | How does the author hope to improve medical search engines? | They want it can accurately retrieve all the relevant clinical concepts mentioned in a user query. |
null | false | null | Why is Spanish spoken in large parts of Latin America? | Spanish is spoken in Latin America because one of the original colonizing countries of the Western Hemisphere was Spain | |
null | false | null | name some famous rock songs in the 1970s | Many believe that the 1970s were the golden age of rock bands, and there are hundreds of beautiful songs from this period. Here are just some famous songs that are still very popular on the streaming platforms:
1. Hotel California, Eagles, 1975
2. Stairway to Heaven, Led Zeppelin, 1971
3. Dream On, Aerosmith, 1973
4. B... | |
null | false | null | Classify as a technical book vs Non technical book | Solution Architecture with AWS - Technical
Quantum Physics made me do it - Technical
The only survivors - Fiction
Camp Zero - Sci - Fi | |
null | false | null | Bastille Day is the common name given in English-speaking countries to the national day of France, which is celebrated on 14 July each year. In French, it is formally called the Fête nationale française (French: [fɛt nasjɔnal]; "French National Celebration"); legally it is known as le 14 juillet (French: [lə katɔʁz(ə) ... | What is the Bastille Day? | Bastille Day is the national day in France, celebrated on 14 July each year. It refers to a major event in the French Revolution on 4 July 1789 where revolutionary insurgents took control of the Bastille, the symbol of royal authority and monarchy in the center of Paris. |
null | false | null | Of the following list of indoor plants, classify them as either 'low light' or 'indirect bright light', "direct bright light". Snake plant, succulent, Monstera, ficus leaf tree, snake plant, aglaonema, jade plant, pothos, inchplant | Snake plant - low light
succulent - direct bright light
Monstera - indirect bright light
ficus leaf tree - indirect bright light
ficus leaf tree - direct bright light
snake plant - low light
snake plant - indirect bright light
aglaonema - low light
jade plant - direct bright light
pothos - indirect bright light
pothos ... | |
null | false | null | In deep learning, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is a class of artificial neural network most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery. CNNs use a mathematical operation called convolution in place of general matrix multiplication in at least one of their layers. They are specifically designed to process pixel ... | According to the given paragraph, how do convolutional neural networks avoid overfitting in machine learning? | A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has a fully connected layer in which each neuron is connected to every neuron in the next layer, this structure helps to avoid overfitting |
null | false | null | Why is Lafayette, California such an appealing place to live? | Lafayette, California is a small that is about a 30-minute drive, east of San Francisco in Contra Costa County. To get to Lafayette from San Francisco, you have to drive through a tunnel in the Sibley Volcanic Preserve. Lafayette has a small downtown area with cheery stores, restaurants and coffee shops. It is home to ... | |
1909.05246 | true | null | BLEU: We use the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) BIBREF34 metric which is commonly used in machine translation tasks. The BLEU metric can be used to evaluate dialogue generation models as in BIBREF5, BIBREF35. The BLEU metric is a word-overlap metric which computes the co-occurrence of N-grams in the reference a... | Is human evaluation performed? | No. |
null | false | null | In what month did the Russian October revolution take place | November | |
null | false | null | Can you suggest 3 disadvantages of Genetic modification technologies like CRISPR ? | 1.Uncontrollable mutations
2.Uncontrollable population growth
3.Strong ethical concerns about discrimination | |
null | false | null | What are some of the reasons people like to visit Brazil? | Brazil is a South American country with a diverse landscape and cultural mix. From subtropical grasslands in the South to drier biomes in the northeast to the Amazon rainforest, many people visit the country to experience one of the world's biodiverse hotspots. Several species are endemic to Brazil, particularly in the... | |
null | false | null | List some of the greatest leadership and business books ever written. | 1. Why Should Anyone Be Led by You? by Rob Goffee
2. Competing Against Luck: The Story of Innovation and Customer Choice. by Clayton M Christensen, David S. Duncan, Karen Dillon and Taddy Hall
3. Switch: How to Change Things When Change is Hard. by Dan Heath and Chip Heath
4. GOOD STRATEGY/BAD STRATEGY by Richard Rume... | |
null | false | null | Which is the albino direwolf in Game of Thrones? | The direwolf, Ghost, is the albino pup and is adopted by Jon Snow | |
null | false | 28 | Our main experiments are on the WikiBio dataset BIBREF0 , which is automatically constructed and contains many divergent references. In § SECREF47 we also present results on the data released as part of the WebNLG challenge.
We developed several models of varying quality for generating text from the tables in WikiBio. ... | What is the task of Category WikiBio-Systems? | This category tests whether a metric can be used to compare different model families with a large variation in the quality of their outputs. |
null | false | null | what is the difference between a tale and a tail | tale is a noun referencing narration events vs a tail could be rear end of an animal | |
null | false | 284 | With the massive increase in social interactions on online social networks, there has also been an increase of hateful activities that exploit such infrastructure. On Twitter, hateful tweets are those that contain abusive speech targeting individuals (cyber-bullying, a politician, a celebrity, a product) or particular ... | Are they the first to experiment with deep learning architectures for the hate speech detection task? | Yes. |
null | false | null | Washington played an indispensable role in adopting and ratifying the Constitution of the United States, which replaced the Articles of Confederation in 1789 and remains the world's longest-standing written and codified national constitution to this day. He was then twice elected president by the Electoral College unan... | Name two cabinet members mentioned in the following paragraph. Provide these as a bulleted list in order of appearance. | * Thomas Jefferson
* Alexander Hamilton |
null | false | null | Currently, only the United States fulfills the criteria to be considered a superpower. However, the United States is no longer the only uncontested foremost superpower and the world's sole hyperpower to dominate in every domain (i.e. military, culture, economy, technology, diplomatic).
Since the 1990s, China, the Euro... | Who is the next superpower country? | A nation with the capacity to have great power and influence on the international stage is considered a prospective superpower. These nations have the ability to significantly influence the world due to their combination of economic, political, and military might. While the United States and the Soviet Union were gener... |
null | false | null | Lee was born at home on 16 September 1923, the first child to Lee Chin Koon, a Semarang born Singaporean, and Chua Jim Neo, at 92 Kampong Java Road in Singapore, then part of the British Empire. Both of Lee's parents were English-educated third-generation Straits Chinese, with his paternal side being of Hakka descent f... | Given a reference text about Lee Kuan Yew, tell me when they were born, when they were president, and what their most famous accomplishment was in office. | Lee Kuan Yew was born on 16 September 1923.
He served as the inaugural Prime Minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990.
His most famous accomplishment in office was overseeing Singapore's transformation from an island nation with a high illiteracy rate and no natural resources into a developed country with a high-income... |
null | false | null | According to Chapman, the five "love languages" are: words of affirmation (compliments), quality time, receiving gifts, acts of service, and physical touch.
Examples are given from his counseling practice, as well as questions to help determine one's own love languages. According to Chapman's theory, each person has o... | What the five love languages? | The five love languages include words of affirmation, quality time, receiving gifts, acts of service, and physical touch. |
null | false | null | Write a review of Brandon Sanderson's book, The Hero of Ages | Sanderson neatly ties together loose ends in a gripping end to the trilogy. Overall, the book was largely plot driven. By now Vinn and co are well developed characters, and don't change as much. Sazed has an existential crisis though, which is interesting. Instead, Sanderson focuses on their struggle against a crazy an... | |
null | false | null | Bainbridge Island is a city and island in Kitsap County, Washington. It is located in Puget Sound. The population was 23,025 at the 2010 census and an estimated 25,298 in 2019, making Bainbridge Island the second largest city in Kitsap County.
The island is separated from the Kitsap Peninsula by Port Orchard, with Bre... | From the passage provided, extract the population of Bainbridge Island | The population was 23,025 at the 2010 census |
null | false | null | As an amateur, Fury represented both England and Ireland. Fury represented Ireland three times at international level. He was based out of the Holy Family Boxing Club in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and later switched to the Smithboro Club in County Monaghan, Ireland. In a double international match against an experience... | What was Tyson Fury's fight record as an amateur? | He finished with an amateur record of 31–4 (26 KOs |
null | false | null | What is Scala? | Scala is a strong statically typed high-level general-purpose programming language that supports both object-oriented programming and functional programming. | |
null | false | null | How can a balance be drawn between capitalism and economic equality? | Capitalism, an economic system that promotes the private generation and ownership of wealth and resources, helps promote innovations and economic growth. However, when left unchecked, it can also be a factor in economic inequality, as people are generally unequal in terms of ideas, drive/grit to push through, and acces... | |
null | false | null | What are five different things you could use a ruler to do? | You could use a ruler to measure the length of things, to draw a straight line, to check if something is straight, to mark a spot in a book or to hold down a stack of papers | |
null | false | 147 | Table TABREF14 shows the effectiveness of our model (multi-task transformer) over the baseline transformer BIBREF8 . Our model achieves significant performance gains in the test sets over the baseline for both Italian and Finnish query translation. The overall low MAP for NMT can possibly be improved with larger TC. Mo... | What should be considered to explore translation quality? | Pair of sample translations provided by two models |
null | false | null | Adventfjorden (Advent Bay) is a 7 km long and 4 km wide bay running south-eastwards from the southern side of Isfjorden, on the west coast of Spitsbergen in Svalbard. The name represents a corruption of Adventure Bay - probably named after the Hull-built whaleship Adventure, which operated in Isfjorden in 1656. The fjo... | Given a reference text about Adventfjorden, how wide and long is it? | Adventfjorden is 4km wide and 7km long. |
1911.12569 | false | null | We evaluate our proposed approach for joint sentiment and emotion analysis on the benchmark dataset of SemEval 2016 Task 6 BIBREF7 and Stance Sentiment Emotion Corpus (SSEC) BIBREF15. The SSEC corpus is an annotation of the SemEval 2016 Task 6 corpus with emotion labels. The re-annotation of the SemEval 2016 Task 6 cor... | What are the datasets used for training? | The answers are shown as follows:
* SemEval 2016 Task 6 BIBREF7
* Stance Sentiment Emotion Corpus (SSEC) BIBREF15
|
null | false | null | The guitar introduced into the popular market several features that were innovative for electric guitars in the mid-1950s. The distinctive body shape, which has become commonplace among electric guitars, was revolutionary for the time period, and for the first time a mass-market electric guitar did not significantly re... | Using the given text, summarize the main features of the Fender Stratocaster | The Fender Stratocaster is an electric guiar model introduced in the 1950s. Some of its main design features were part of its revolutionary body shape. For the first time, an electric guitar didn't look like an acoustic counterpart. The double cutaway, long horns, three-pickup and a simplified vibrato arm integrated in... |
null | false | 66 | The acoustic model is a convolutional neural network with gated linear units BIBREF0 , which is fed with the output of the learnable front-end. Following BIBREF11 , the networks uses a growing number of channels, and dropout BIBREF19 for regularization. These acoustic models are trained to predict letters directly with... | How do these acoustic models manage to predict letters directly? | These acoustic models are trained to predict letters directly with the Auto Segmentation Criterion (ASG) . |
null | false | null | Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Audi, Buick | Audi is German, Buick is American | |
null | false | null | What are the words of House Ambrose? | "Never Resting" | |
null | false | 214 | The growing popularity of online interactions through social media has been shown to have both positive and negative impacts. While social media improves information sharing, it also facilitates the propagation of online harassment, including hate speech. These negative experiences can have a measurable negative impact... | What do the authors' datasets consist of? | The datasets consist of 5K conversations retrieved from Reddit and 12k conversations retrieved from Gab. |
null | false | 6 | Recently, with the emergence of neural seq2seq models, abstractive summarization methods have seen great performance strides BIBREF0, BIBREF1, BIBREF2. However, complex neural summarization models with thousands of parameters usually require a large amount of training data. In fact, much of the neural summarization wor... | What did the authors do with using the proposed model? | The authors explore the effect of enriching training data for abstractive summarization using the proposed model compared to a synthesis baseline. |
null | false | null | Give me some tips for cooking the best bolognese sauce. | In order to cook bolognese sauce, it is important to use quality ingredients. You're going to need the following: Italian tomato sauce, onion, celery, carrot, minced meat, extra virgin olive oil, salt, white or red wine and milk. Here are some useful tips:
- Take your time. Cooking a great bolognese sauce takes at lea... | |
null | false | 65 | We trained ELMo models for seven languages: Slovenian, Croatian, Finnish, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Swedish. To obtain high-quality embeddings, we used large monolingual corpora from various sources for each language. Some corpora are available online under permissive licences, others are available only for res... | Does the data used for training only contain formal language? | No. |
null | false | null | The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of 42.195 km (26 mi 385 yd), usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair divisions. More than 800 marathons are held throughout the w... | Given this paragraph about marathon, what is the distance covered in kilometres and what are the most common ways to complete one? | The distance covered in a marathon is 42.195 kilometers and it can be completed by running and walking combined, though there are also possibilities for wheelchair participants. |
null | false | null | Which of the following are characters from Harry Potter: Hermione Granger, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, Dobby, Draco Malfoy, Severus Snape, Professor Dumbledore, Luna Lovegood, Indiana Jones, Darth Vader, Jack Sparrow, Terminator, Batman, Superman, Joker, Gollum. | Hermione Granger, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, Dobby, Draco Malfoy, Severus Snape, Professor Dumbledore, Luna Lovegood are from Harry Potter. | |
null | false | null | Who are the best five living male comedians in the US? | 1. Dave Chapelle
2. Adam Sandler
3. Chris Rock
4. Kevin Hart
5. Aziz Ansari | |
null | false | null | Are you going for a walk today? | Today I'm definitely going for a walk, the weather is great! These last rainy days haven't been the best, but now I'm feeling refreshed, so staying home would be a waste. | |
null | false | null | Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics. | Where is Hawaii? | Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean, about two thousand miles from the west coast of North America |
null | false | 123 | Using GANs, we can train generative models in a two-player game setting between a discriminator and a generator, where the discriminator (a binary classifier) learns to distinguish between real and fake data samples and the generator tries to fool the discriminator by generating authentic and high quality output BIBREF... | How many epochs does pretraining set to？ | 20 epochs. |
2003.09971 | false | null | Following BIBREF21, we sample $K$ captions for each image when applying REINFORCE: ${\hat{c}}_1 \ldots {\hat{c}}_K$, ${\hat{c}}_k \sim p_{\theta }(c|I)$,
The baseline for each sampled caption is defined as the average reward of the rest samples. That is, for caption $\hat{c}_k$, its baseline is
Following BIBREF21, we s... | What baseline function is used in REINFORCE algorithm? | The answers are shown as follows:
* baseline for each sampled caption is defined as the average reward of the rest samples
|
null | false | null | Siliceous ooze is a type of biogenic pelagic sediment located on the deep ocean floor. Siliceous oozes are the least common of the deep sea sediments, and make up approximately 15% of the ocean floor. Oozes are defined as sediments which contain at least 30% skeletal remains of pelagic microorganisms. Siliceous oozes a... | Given the following paragraph on siliceous ooze, how are oozes defined? | Oozes are defined as sediments which contain at least 30 percent skeletal remains of pelagic microorganisms. |
null | false | null | Provide a list of signs that you have won at life | 1. Your house is paid off
2. Your student loans are paid off
3. You are emotionally and physically healthy
4. You have meaningful relationships
5. You respect and love yourself
6. Your kids and spouse are content
7. You are comfortably retired | |
null | false | null | The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at th... | Give me the history and background of the Phoenix Suns basketball franchise | The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at th... |
null | false | null | Give me a list of the 10 best European cities to visit | 1. London
2. Paris
3. Madrid
4. Vienna
5. Berlin
6. Zurich
7. Prague
8. Zagreb
9. Budapest
10. Rome | |
null | false | 395 | Natural language generation and document classification have been widely conducted using neural sequence models based on the encoder–decoder architecture. The underlying technique relies on the production of a context vector as the document representation, to estimate both tokens in natural language generation and labe... | What are the two factors that their experiment focuses on? | (1) whether summarization benefits from discourse parsing; and (2) how a pointer–generator network guides the summarization model when discourse information is provided. |
1909.00088 | true | null | FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 4: Graph of average results by MRT/RRT
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 9: Average results by MRT/RRT
FLOAT SELECTED: Figure 4: Graph of average results by MRT/RRT
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 9: Average results by MRT/RRT | Does the model proposed beat the baseline models for all the values of the masking parameter tested? | No. |
null | false | null | Tell if these are grown in trees or bushes: apples, strawberries, bananas, pineapples, coconut, raspberries, blueberries. | Apples: trees, strawberries: bushes, bananas: trees, pineapples: bushes, coconuts: trees, raspberries: bushes, blueberries: bushes. | |
null | false | 20 | This research addresses the problem of representing the semantics of text documents in multi-lingual comparable corpora. We present a new approach to this problem, based on neural embeddings, and test it on the task of clustering texts into meaningful classes depending on their topics. The setting is unsupervised, mean... | What do authors' evaluation data consist of? | Comparable corpora of Russian and Ukrainian academic texts. |
null | false | null | Malard (Persian: ملارد, also Romanized as Malārd and Melārd; also known as Malār) is a city in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.
At the 2006 census, its population was 228,673 in 61,302 households. The following census in 2011 counted 290,817 people in 8... | Where is Malard | Malard is a city in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.
At the 2006 census, its population was 228,673 in 61,302 households. The following census in 2011 counted 290,817 people in 85,445 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 281,027 ... |
null | false | null | classify the following as outfits vs appliances: dress, shoes, toaster, jackets, fridge, air fryer, instant pot, vest, gloves, pants, jeans | outfits: dress, shoes, jackets, vest, gloves, pants, jeans
appliances: toaster, fridge, air fryer, instant pot | |
1607.00410 | true | null | In the latter part of this paper, we apply our domain adaptation method to a neural captioning model and show performance improvement over other standard methods on several datasets and metrics. In the datasets, the source and target have different word distributions, and thus adaptation of output parameters is importa... | Did they only experiment with captioning task? | Yes. |
null | false | 99 | In this work we formulate our classification problem as follows: given two classes of news articles, respectively $D$ (disinformation) and $M$ (mainstream), a set of news articles $A_i$ and associated class labels $C_i \in \lbrace D,M\rbrace $, and a set of tweets $\Pi _i=\lbrace T_i^1, T_i^2, ...\rbrace $ each of whic... | How do the authors collect tweets for the Italian scenario? | The authors first collected tweets with the Streaming API in a 3-week period (April 19th, 2019-May 5th, 2019), filtering those containing URLs pointing to Italian official newspapers websites.. |
1911.09845 | false | null | In our work, we focus on comparing various methods that model $p(\mathbf {y}|\mathbf {x})$ differently. We compare our proposed discrete CVAE (DCVAE) with the two-stage sampling approach to three categories of response generation models:
Baselines: Seq2seq, the basic encoder-decoder model with soft attention mechanism ... | What other kinds of generation models are used in experiments? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Seq2seq
* CVAE
* Hierarchical Gated Fusion Unit (HGFU)
* Mechanism-Aware Neural Machine (MANM)
|
null | false | 305 | Human learning occurs through interaction BIBREF0 and multimodal experience BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 . Prior work has argued that machine learning may also benefit from interactive, multimodal learning BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 , BIBREF5 , termed virtual embodiment BIBREF6 . Driven by breakthroughs in static, unimodal tasks such as i... | What is the HoME: the Household Multimodal Environment？ | It is a large-scale platform for agents to navigate and interact within over 45,000 hand-designed houses from the SUNCG dataset. |
null | false | null | What is the best way to improve your tennis skills? | There are many ways that you can improve your tennis skills. The most important point is to practice as tennis requires eyes and muscle coordination. Like many other activities, it requires dedications and practice to improve your skills.
One way to practice is to use a tennis wall. In your tennis club or in some park... | |
null | false | 323 | Major progress has been made in different tasks in Natural Language Processing, yet our models are still not able to describe why they make their decisions when summarizing an article, translating a sentence, or answering a question. Lack of meta information (e.g. general world knowledge regarding the task) is one impo... | What did they use the two models mentioned above to do? | To benchmark their dataset. |
null | false | null | Give me a list of top five budget Android phone | 1. Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
2. Google Pixel 6a
3. OnePlus Nord N20 5G
4. Moto G Stylus 5G
5. Xiaomi 12 5G | |
null | false | null | What are some good ice cream toppings that are gross when mixed together? | Some ice cream topping pairings that would probably not go well together are cinnamon candy and hot fudge, gummy bears and peanut butter cups, and cookie crumbs and pineapple. | |
null | false | null | Why is working out good for you? | Working out provides many benefits. Studies have shown that working out is good for you long term health. It helps build muscle strength, which is shown to decrease in volume as you age. It also has benefits for your cardiovascular system. Working out also provides mental benefits, such as reduced anxiety and stress. | |
null | false | 13 | From the point of view of dialog systems providing general information from a knowledge base, the most limiting factor is that a large portion of the questions is understood poorly.
Current approaches BIBREF3 , BIBREF4 can only achieve around 50% accuracy on some question answering datasets. Therefore, we think that th... | In what ways does the author propose to improve the dialogue system? | First,they can try to ask users for answers on questions that the system encountered in a conversation with a different user and did not understand it. Second, the system can ask the user for a broader explanation of a question. This explanation could help the system to understand the question and provide the correct a... |
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