paper_id stringlengths 10 10 ⌀ | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
null | false | null | Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez (born October 23, 1962), née Anne Rochelle Steely, is a former long-distance runner who competed internationally for the United States. She specialized in the 3,000 meters on the track and later competed in road running events.
She made her international debut in cross country and helped t... | List the years in which Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez participated in Sprint events based on the passage. Use bulleted format to represent the years and sort in ascending order. | 1985
1991
1992
1998
2000 |
null | false | 57 | The vast amounts of data collected by healthcare providers in conjunction with modern data analytics techniques present a unique opportunity to improve health service provision and the quality and safety of medical care for patient benefit BIBREF0 . Much of the recent research in this area has been on personalised medi... | How do they extract clusters of incidents at different levels of resolution in terms of content? | After training text embedding, they analyse a subset of 3229 records reported from St Mary’s Hospital, London (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust) over three months in 2014. |
null | false | 50 | Our datasets are scientific articles that were published on arXiv. The sets contain articles (in LaTeX format) from four computer science domains: NLP, IR, AI, and ML. They were created by filtering arXiv articles based on their primary and secondary categories. We used the following categories for the four collections... | What tool do they use to extract words? | The NLTK package. |
2003.03612 | false | null | The present work: Binomials in large-scale online text. In this work, we use data from large-scale Internet text corpora to study binomials at a massive scale, drawing on text created by millions of users. Our approach is more wholesale than prior work - we focus on all binomials of sufficient frequency, without first ... | What types of various community texts have been investigated for exploring global structure of binomials? | The answers are shown as follows:
* news publications, wine reviews, and Reddit
|
null | false | null | In 2011 Kathy Ryan, director of photography for The New York Times Magazine commissioned Prager to shoot 12, 1 minute films with some film actors from that year, inspired by "cinematic villainy". Prager won a News and Documentary Emmy Award for New Approaches to News & Documentary Programming: Arts, Lifestyle & Culture... | What magazine was Alex Prager the director of Photography for? | Alex Prager was the director of photography for the New York Times Magazine. |
null | false | null | Do dogs have a third eye? | No, dogs only have two eyes. But some say they may perceive more of the world than humans do, giving them an extra sensory-like trait. | |
null | false | null | Give me a bulleted list of the last 10 UK Prime Ministers | - Rishi Sunak
- Liz Truss
- Boris Johnson
- Theresa May
- David Cameron
- Gordon Brown
- Tony Blair
- John Major
- Margaret Thatcher
- James Callaghan | |
null | false | null | The UFC was founded by businessman Art Davie and Brazilian martial artist Rorion Gracie, and the first event was held in 1993 at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado. The purpose of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship competitions was to identify the most effective martial art in a contest with minimal r... | Given a reference about the creation of the UFC, tell me the member of the Gracie family who co-created the UFC and the city they hosted the first UFC event. | Rorion Gracie is the co-creator. The first event was held in Denver. Colorado. |
null | false | 353 | Political event data has existed in various forms since the 1970s. Two of the most common political event datasets were the World Event Interaction Survey (WEIS) and the Conflict and Peace Data Bank (COPDAB) BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 . These two datasets were eventually replaced by the projects created by Philip Schrodt and va... | Does their Phoenix dataset use CAMEO ontology as a reference? | Yes. |
null | false | null | Why is it hard to have a baby and keep a job? | It's hard to have a baby and keep a job because babies need a lot of time and attention. One solution is to find a good caregiver, whether it is a nanny or a daycare or some other form of group care. While your baby is with that care, you can do your work for your job. Beware that babies who have care as part of larger... | |
null | false | null | What is an adverb? | An adverb is a word or a combination of words that qualified an adjective (e.g. a describing word). Adverbs can also restrict and limit the meaning of verbs. An example of how to use an adverb in a sentence is the following: "the roads are very steep and dangerous." In this example 'very' is the adverb. Another exa... | |
null | false | null | Which Alanis Morissette song contains the phrase "jagged little pill" (the title of her debut album)? | "You learn". | |
null | false | null | I have a list of Herbs and Spices. Please divide this list into those categories: basil, bay leaf, chives, cardamon, cinnamon, fennel, cloves, lemon grass, nutmeg, pepper, oregano, turmeric, parsley, ginger, saffron, vanilla rosemary, cumin, sage, and thyme. | Herbs: basil, bay leaf, chives, fennel, lemon grass, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, thyme. Spices: cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, pepper, turmeric, ginger, saffron, vanilla, cumin. | |
null | false | null | In the Roman Catholic Church a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope. There are two kinds of consistories, extraordinary and ordinary. An "extraordinary" consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals. An "ordinary" consisto... | From the given text, Provide some info regarding consistory | 1. A consistory is a formal gathering of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church that is summoned by the pope.
2. Consistories come in two varieties: remarkable and ordinary.
3. The pope can consult with the full College of Cardinals by calling a "extraordinary" consistory.
4. Cardinals who live in Rome a... |
null | false | null | What years did the Patriots win a Super Bowl? | The Patriots have won six Super Bowls, in the years, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016, and 2018. | |
null | false | null | Classify each of the following as root or shoot vegetables: tomato, potato, carrot, brinjal, onion, lady finger, cucumber, beets, sweet potato | tomato, brinjal, lady finger, cucumber are shoot vegetables and potato, carrot, onion, beets, sweet potato are root vegetables. | |
null | false | null | Cabomba is an aquatic plant genus, one of two belonging to the family Cabombaceae. It has divided submerged leaves in the shape of a fan (hence the vernacular name fanwort) and is much favoured by aquarists as an ornamental and oxygenating plant for fish tanks. Use in the aquarium trade has led to some species being in... | Where is Cabomba sometimes used for decoration but also utility? | fish tanks |
null | false | null | Reading railway station is a major transport hub in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is on the northern edge of the town centre, near the main retail and commercial areas and the River Thames, 36 miles (58 km) from London Paddington. The first Reading station was opened on 30 March 1840 as the temporary western terminus... | When was the first Reading railway station opened? | The first Reading railway station was opened on the 30th of March, 1840. |
null | false | null | Rhoticity in English is the pronunciation of the historical rhotic consonant /r/ by English speakers. The presence or absence of rhoticity is one of the most prominent distinctions by which varieties of English can be classified. In rhotic varieties, the historical English /r/ sound is preserved in all pronunciation co... | Explain the difference between rhotic and non-rhotic dialects of English. | In rhotic English dialects, the historical English /r/ sound is preserved in all pronunciation contexts. In non-rhotic English dialects, speakers no longer pronounce /r/ in postvocalic environments—that is, when it is immediately after a vowel and not followed by another vowel. For example, in isolation, a rhotic Engl... |
null | false | null | Who is the best ever President of the United States ? | There are many factors that should be considered when determining the best President of the United States. Many would say there is no "right answer" on this question, since people hold different values on what is or isn't important.
But, generally speaking, Presidents who have successfully led the United States throu... | |
null | false | null | What are the words of House Tyrell? | "Growing Strong" | |
1808.00265 | false | null | Table TABREF10 reports our main results. Our models are built on top of prior works with the additional Attention Supervision Module as described in Section SECREF3 . Specifically, we denote by Attn-* our adaptation of the respective model by including our Attention Supervision Module. We highlight that MCB model is th... | By how much do they outperform existing state-of-the-art VQA models? | The answers are shown as follows:
* the rank-correlation for MFH model increases by 36.4% when is evaluated in VQA-HAT dataset and 7.7% when is evaluated in VQA-X
|
1707.02377 | false | null | We compare against the following document representation baselines: bag-of-words (BoW); Denoising Autoencoders (DEA) BIBREF14 , a representation learned from reconstructing original document INLINEFORM0 using corrupted one INLINEFORM1 . SDAs have been shown to be the state-of-the-art for sentiment analysis tasks BIBREF... | Which language models do they compare against? | The answers are shown as follows:
* RNNLM BIBREF11
|
null | false | 339 | In this paper, we have presented high level overview of a feature specification language for ML based TA applications and an approach to enable reuse of feature specifications across semantically related applications. Currently, there is no generic method or approach, which can be applied during TA applications' design... | What different classes of features are considered by authors? | The authors considered different classes of features including linguistic, semantic, and statistical for various levels of analysis including words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, documents, and corpus. |
null | false | null | What are some of the best things to do in Fort Collins, Colorado? | Fort Collins has many fun things to do with its proximity to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, a vibrant downtown area, and the many world class breweries in and around town. Outdoors highlights include hikes in Lorry State Park, Horsetooth Reservoir, and a climb to Horsetooth Rock that overlooks the city. Be sure ... | |
null | false | null | Name different kinds of cheese | mozzarella, cheddar, gorgonzola, swiss, bleu, provolone, gouda, pepper jack, parmesan, cottage, asiago, brie, devil's gulch, ricotta, Gruyère, stilton, feta, & havarti | |
1801.02243 | true | null | Figure FIGREF6 shows the relationship between Tesla stock return and stock sentiment score. According the distribution of the sentiment score, the sentiment on Tesla is slightly skewed towards positive during the testing period. The price has been increased significantly during the testing period, which reflected the p... | Do the authors give any examples of major events which draw the public's attention and the impact they have on stock price? | Yes. |
1708.08615 | false | null | The goal of reaching “human parity” in automatic CTS transcription raises the question of what should be considered human accuracy on this task. We operationalized the question by submitting the chosen test data to the same vendor-based transcription pipeline that is used at Microsoft for production data (for model tra... | what standard speech transcription pipeline was used? | The answers are shown as follows:
* pipeline that is used at Microsoft for production data
|
null | false | null | What was the first British instrumental to top the USA charts | Telstar by The Tornados | |
null | false | null | Where does the word plumbing originate from? | "Plumbing" originates from the original name for Lead (Pb), Plumbum, which is what most pipes were made from at the time. | |
null | false | null | Do aliens exist? | Although there is no definitive evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, the immense number of planets that most likely exist in the universe suggest that, although the development of life can be difficult to start, there should be other life forms in the universe.
The discrepancy between the expected ex... | |
null | false | null | Give me a list of animals you might raise for milk | Sheep, Goats, Cows | |
null | false | null | Who was Loku Nilame Adikaram Ratwatte | Loku Nilame Adikaram Ratwatte ( - 1827) (known as Ratwatte Nilame) was a courtier of the Kingdom of Kandy. He was the 2nd Adigar (Adigaram) from 1825 to 1827 during the British rule. He was one of the signatories of the Kandyan Convention which made the Kandyan Kingdom part of the British Empire. | |
null | false | null | Ramon Magsaysay Award 2022 was given to 4 persons | Sotheara Chhim(Cambodia), Bernadette Madrid(Philippines), Tadashi Hattori(Japan) & Gary Benchehib (Indonesia) | |
null | false | 148 | Classical QA systems face two main challenges related to question analysis and answer extraction. Several QA approaches were proposed in the literature for the open domain BIBREF16 , BIBREF17 and the medical domain BIBREF18 , BIBREF19 , BIBREF20 . A variety of methods were developed for question analysis, focus (topic)... | What are the main challenges in Classical QA systems? | Question analysis and answer extraction. |
null | false | 462 | Having demonstrated control of generalisation with linear model regularisation (Sec. 4.1), and explained DomainBed performance post-hoc via measuring complexity of neural models (Sec. 4.2), we next evaluate algorithms for practical complexity tuning. From Fig. we saw that within-domain and cross-domain evaluation have ... | Is it instance-wise vs domain-wise validation? | Yes, this corresponds to using in-domain validation data vs. cross-domain data. We have revised the paper to explain this more clearly. |
null | false | null | A lettering guide template is a special type of template used to write uniform characters. It consists of a sheet of plastic or other material with cut-outs of letters, numbers, and other shapes used especially for creating technical drawings. For decades they have been essential for lettering a drawing nameplate so te... | per the context given, how would illiterate politicians able to vote? | They used lettering guide templates made of cardboard with characters of their last name |
null | false | null | Meno (/ˈmiːnoʊ/; Greek: Μένων, Ménōn) is a Socratic dialogue by Plato. Meno begins the dialogue by asking Socrates whether virtue is taught, acquired by practice, or comes by nature. In order to determine whether virtue is teachable or not, Socrates tells Meno that they first need to determine what virtue is. When the ... | Extract the Greek terms in the following paragraph, along with a short definition, in bullet points. | - arete: virtues in general, i.e. instead of a particular virtue
- aporia: confusion
- anamnesis: recollection of knowledge |
null | false | 3 | In this section, we describe the languages experimented with, datasets used, the network hyper-parameters used in our experiments.
We use CFILT-preorder3 for prereordering English sentences. | What do the authors use for prereordering English sentences? | CFILT-preorder3 |
null | false | null | Whats the difference between a sloop, a cutter, and a ketch? | These are all categorizations of different types of sailing boats. A sloop is the most common. A sloop is a monohull sailboat with a single- rig mast supporting a main sail and and headsail. These are great boats to learn sailing on as their simple, easy to handle, and have great wind performance.
A cutter at first l... | |
null | false | null | Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars and starches, which are synthesized fr... | What is Photosynthesis | Photosynthesis is performed differently by different species but the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll (and other colored) pigments/chromophores. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are ... |
null | false | 196 | Word embeddings are fixed-length vector representations for words BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 . In recent years, the morphology of words is drawing more and more attention BIBREF2 , especially for Chinese whose writing system is based on logograms.
UTF8gbsn With the gradual exploration of the semantic features of Chinese, schola... | Why do the authors propose a novel Dual-channel Word Embedding (DWE) model? | To realize the joint learning of sequential and spatial information in characters. |
null | false | null | Which part of the United States is known as the "four corners" area? | The term four corners applies to the area where Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona come together. | |
null | false | 34 | Single-relation factoid questions are the most common form of questions found in search query logs and community question answering websites BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 . A knowledge-base (KB) such as Freebase, DBpedia, or Wikidata can help answer such questions after users reformulate them as queries. For instance, the question... | What is the character-level encoder-decoder model? | It is a novel and compact model, requires significantly less data to train than previous work, and is able to generalize well to unseen entities in test time. |
null | false | 144 | Despite the similarity of the Open IE paradigm, not every extracted tuple is a suitable proposition for a concept map. To reduce the effort in the subsequent steps, we therefore want to filter out unsuitable ones. A tuple is suitable if it (1) is a correct extraction, (2) is meaningful without any context and (3) has a... | What kind of tuple is a suitable one? | It must be a correct extraction that is meaningful and independent and has arguments that represent proper concepts. |
null | false | null | What links the names Botvinik, Tal, Karpov, Fischer | Chess World Champs | |
null | false | null | What are some good body weight exercises for the upper body? | Some good body weight exercises for the upper body include parallel bar dips, pull ups, one arm planks, and push ups. | |
1909.12140 | false | null | An extrinsic evaluation was carried out on the task of Open IE BIBREF7. It revealed that when applying DisSim as a preprocessing step, the performance of state-of-the-art Open IE systems can be improved by up to 346% in precision and 52% in recall, i.e. leading to a lower information loss and a higher accuracy of the e... | Is the semantic hierarchy representation used for any task? | Yes, Open IE |
null | false | null | Who won the Golden Shoe Award for the season 2018-2019? | Lionel Messi won this award for the 6th time. | |
1911.01680 | false | null | Prior work have shown that contextual information could be useful for SF. They utilize contextual information either in word level representation (i.e., via contextualize embedding e.g., BERT BIBREF0) or in the model computation graph (e.g., concatenating the context feature to the word feature BIBREF1). However, such ... | How does their model utilize contextual information for each work in the given sentence in a multi-task setting? setting? | The answers are shown as follows:
* we use the context of the word to predict its label and by doing so our model learns label-aware context for each word in the sentence
|
null | false | null | Why is Captain America Steve Rogers the leader of the Avengers? | Steve Rogers also know as Captain America is the leader of the Avengers because he is the first Avenger. He was a the first and most successful created super solider in the era of world war 2. He is a master of warfare. He has trained in every technique of martial arts. He has a strong sense of right and wrong. He is c... | |
null | false | null | what does it mean to have brunette hair? | A person with brunette hair, or a brunette, is a person with brown or black hair color. People typically fall into the category of blonde, brunette, and red hair. It is sometimes misconceived to be only brown hair but it signifies all darker hair including black hair color. | |
null | false | null | Which episode of Game of Thrones does Dany go to the House of the Undying? | Daenerys Targaryen visits the House of the Undying in season two, episode five ("Harrenhal") | |
null | false | 210 | BioASQ is a semantic indexing, question answering (QA) and information extraction challenge BIBREF0 . We participated in Task B of the challenge which is concerned with biomedical QA. More specifically, our system participated in Task B, Phase B: Given a question and gold-standard snippets (i.e., pieces of text that co... | What dataset do they use for training FastQA? | SQuAD dataset. |
null | false | null | Which state is the city of Springfield from in the Simpsons? | The popular and long running show The Simpsons have intentionally left out from which state the home town of Springfield is with the intention of relating to everyone's Springfield. There have been several references to possible states to keep fans guessing and has become part of the playful nature of the show. Alas... | |
null | false | null | what is considered the birthplace of mountain biking? | Fairfax California is considered the birthplace of mountain biking. Local high school students who grew up in the area would take old single-speed bikes with coaster brakes up local fire roads and then ride them down the hills as fast as they could. Eventually they started adding gears to the bikes so that they could... | |
null | false | null | What is castling in chess? | Castling is a unique move that can be used to protect the king and develop a rook at the same time. It is the only move in chess where two pieces can move at the same time. During castling, the king moves two steps to its right or left and the rook moves across the king and goes to the position next to the king. Castli... | |
1911.05960 | false | null | In the sentiment classification task, we tried our model on the following public datasets.
MR Movie reviews with one sentence each. Each review is classified into positive or negative BIBREF18.
IMDB Movie reviews from IMDB website, where each movie review is labeled with binary classes, either positive or negative BIBR... | What datasets are used for testing sentiment classification and reading comprehension? | The answers are shown as follows:
* CBT NE/CN
* MR Movie reviews
* IMDB Movie reviews
* SUBJ
|
null | false | null | What are a few different ways to spend a free weekend | - Write LLM Prompts
- Go hiking
- Play Video Games
- Watch Netflix
- Cook Molecular Gastronomy dishes | |
null | false | 24 | Table TABREF6 shows the result of different models trained on either Chinese or English and tested on Chinese. In row (f), multi-BERT is fine-tuned on English but tested on Chinese, which achieves competitive performance compared with QANet trained on Chinese. We also find that multi-BERT trained on English has relativ... | What result do they get when doing experiments by using the translated training data? | The quality and the size of dataset are much more important than whether the training and testing are in the same language or not. |
null | false | null | How can I get better performance when querying a delta table? | To get better performance when querying a delta table, there are many things you can do.
First, ensure you are using the Photon engine. The Photon engine is designed to handle high-concurrency and low-latency queries. If you are using DBSQL, Photon is included free of charge and is turned on by default.
Second, y... | |
1810.01570 | false | null | The two main data sets that we will use to evaluate our architecture are the 2014 i2b2 de-identification challenge data set BIBREF2 and the nursing notes corpus BIBREF3 .
The two main data sets that we will use to evaluate our architecture are the 2014 i2b2 de-identification challenge data set BIBREF2 and the nursing n... | Which two datasets is the system tested on? | The answers are shown as follows:
* 2014 i2b2 de-identification challenge data set BIBREF2
* nursing notes corpus BIBREF3
|
null | false | null | Why do people like to buy Apple products? | Many people across the planet love to buy Apple products and are very loyal to the brand. A core reason is the simplicity, high quality product experience that "just works". Apple offers an array of products from laptops to smart phones to speakers to head phones. All Apple products have simple seamless integration ... | |
null | false | null | What is gortext? | Gortex is a waterproof fabric that breaths well, which makes it effective clothing for vigorous activities in cold and wet conditions. | |
null | false | null | Which of the following items are types of books: novels, biographies, historical fiction, reference texts, graphic novels, newspapers, magazines, flyers, pamphlets, pocket dictionaries. | novels, biographies, historical fiction, reference texts, graphic novels, pocket dictionaries | |
null | false | null | What should I do to maximize my chances of getting into a top business school? | There are many controllable factors that can help improve your chances of attending a top business school such as Harvard, Stanford, or Wharton. Four of the most important include:
- Track record of impactful work experience
- Strong letters of recommendation from your supervisors
- Excellent GMAT score and, to a less... | |
null | false | null | In compiler design, static single assignment form (often abbreviated as SSA form or simply SSA) is a property of an intermediate representation (IR) that requires each variable to be assigned exactly once and defined before it is used. Existing variables in the original IR are split into versions, new variables typical... | What is SSA in compiler design? | SSA, or static single assignment form, is a property of an intermediate representation (IR) that requires each variable to be assigned exactly once. Additionally, each variable in SSA must be defined before it is used. |
null | false | null | Tell me whether these schools are Ivy League or not: Princeton, Vanderbilt, Rice, Stanford, Dartmouth, Brown | Princeton: Ivy League
Vanderbilt: Not Ivy League
Rice: Not Ivy League
Stanford: Not Ivy League
Dartmouth: Ivy League
Brown: Ivy League | |
null | false | 94 | The data for the project was acquired from Airdna, a data processing service that collaborates with Airbnb to produce high-accuracy data summaries for listings in geographic regions of the United States. For the sake of simplicity, we focus our analysis on Airbnb listings from Manhattan, NY, during the time period of J... | How many Manhattan listings did the information they use come from? | Roughly 40,000. |
null | false | 100 | We identified 5 common models in previous work primarily intended for learned classifiers rather than hand-crafted rules. We adapt these models to a multi-label hierarchical classification task by training a series of one-vs-all binary classifiers BIBREF34 , one for each label in the taxonomy. With the exception of the... | How does the author train and evaluate the model? | At each level of taxonomic evaluation, a set of non-overlapping confidence scores for each binary classifier are generated and sorted to produce a list of ranked label predictions. They evaluate these ranks using Mean Average Precision |
null | false | null | After the Lakers lost the 2004 NBA Finals, O'Neal was traded and Bryant became the cornerstone of the franchise. He led the NBA in scoring in the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons and was named league MVP in 2008. On January 22, 2006, he scored a career-high 81 points; the second most points scored in a single NBA game, behi... | Which of the achievements listed in the below passage would be considered the best example of an "outlier" for a single NBA game? | Kobe Bryant scoring 81 points in a single NBA game is an outlier. For context, Kobe averaged 25 points per game for his NBA career. 81 points in one game is an outlier for any NBA player in history. |
null | false | null | How should I pick a name for my baby? | Only you can decide that, but there are some questions you may want to ask youself. Do you like inheriting family names, or do you want a novel name? Is the name easy to pronounce? Will the name remind people of someone famous? What nicknames will the name lead to? Does the name have a special origin or meaning to... | |
null | false | null | How can I decide what bike I should get? | When it comes to bicycles for adults, there are different kinds available in the market. Select a bike based on how you'd like to use it. Bikes can be categorized as follows:
1. Road bikes - These bikes have super thin tires and are often used for biking on roads. These help you attain high speeds relatively quickly.
2... | |
null | false | null | A data architect is a practitioner of data architecture, a data management discipline concerned with designing, creating, deploying
and managing an organization's data architecture. Data architects define how the data will be stored, consumed, integrated and managed by different data entities and IT systems, as well a... | summarize the responsibilities of a data architect | a data architect defines how data is collected, processed, stored, consumed, and integrated within different data entities and IT systems within an enterprise.
a data architect defines a common business vocabulary to be used across the enterprise
a data architect expresses strategic data requirements and provides hig... |
null | false | null | Classify each of these as extinct, not extinct, or neither: Mythosaur, Triceratops, Dumbo Octopus, Dodo, Tiger, Lion turtle, Megalodon, Dire wolf, Pegasus, Seahorse | Extinct: Triceratops, Dodo, Megalodon, Dire wolf
Not Extinct: Dumbo Octopus, Tiger, Seahorse
Neither: Mythosaur, Lion Turtle, Pegasus | |
null | false | null | Who was the US president when WWII ended? | Harry S. Truman was the US president at the end of World War II | |
null | false | null | A continuous seven day cycle that runs throughout history, paying no attention whatsoever to the phases of the moon and having a fixed day of rest, was most likely first practised in Judaism, dated to the 6th century BC at the latest.
In Ancient Rome (753 BC–476 AD), every eight days there was a nundinae. It was a mar... | Given a reference text about the history of the workweek, what social forces precipitated the creation of a five-day workweek in the United States and when? | The creation of a five-day workweek in the United States came about as a result of organizing by and pressure from workers and labor groups in the first half of the 20th century, as they demanded dignified working conditions from their employers and the ruling class. |
null | false | null | Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Alfa Romeo, Cadilliac | Cadillac is American, Alfa Romeo is Italian | |
null | false | null | List some of the historic Khals in A Song of Ice and Fire. | Khal Mengo, Khal Horro, Khal Qano, Khal Zeggo, Khal Temmo | |
1809.08731 | true | null | Our first baseline is ROUGE-L BIBREF1 , since it is the most commonly used metric for compression tasks. ROUGE-L measures the similarity of two sentences based on their longest common subsequence. Generated and reference compressions are tokenized and lowercased. For multiple references, we only make use of the one wit... | Is ROUGE their only baseline? | No. |
null | false | null | Explain away goal rule in soccer. | Away goal rule was first introduced in 1965/66 season of the UEFA European Cups Winners’ Cup and abolished at the end of 2020/21 season. All of the UEFA club competitions’ knock-out stages (except the final) are played as a two-leg fixtures (team plays one game at home and one game away against the same team). The away... | |
null | false | null | Is cricket game popular in some parts of the world? | Yes, cricket is a very popular game. It is the second most followed game after football in the world. Each team has a squad of 16 to 20 players and 11 can play a game. There are three different formats of game which are popular.
Test match is the longest format in which each team play 2 innings and have a limit of 90 o... | |
null | false | null | What is the most popular opening in chess? | The most popular opening in chess changes dramatically based on the skill level of the players. At a professional level, some of the most popular openings include the Sicilian Defence, the Ruy Lopez, or Spanish Opening, and the Italian Game. At a beginner level, popular openings include the London Opening, Sicilian Dra... | |
null | false | 432 | A key objective of our work is to test whether the introduced graph representation of NNs is informative for predicting the performance of NNs. Next, we describe the steps of our proposed framework for solving Problem 1, namely performance prediction from the NN training dynamics.
As shown in Fig., our method consists ... | Why are degree and Eigen centrality taken into account only? | Based on your feedback, we have updated our paper (Sec. 3.2 (S2) and (S3)) with additional justifications and intuition behind the graph features that we leverage during the signature construction step (degree and eigenvector centrality). We chose weighted degree centrality to efficiently capture (1) the weights that a... |
1811.01734 | false | null | In recent years, methods based on string kernels have demonstrated remarkable performance in various text classification tasks BIBREF35 , BIBREF36 , BIBREF22 , BIBREF19 , BIBREF10 , BIBREF17 , BIBREF26 . String kernels represent a way of using information at the character level by measuring the similarity of strings th... | What is a string kernel? | String kernel is a technique that uses character n-grams to measure the similarity of strings |
1809.08652 | false | null | We tried Glove BIBREF2 and Twitter word2vec BIBREF3 code for training embeddings for the processed tweets. The embeddings were trained on both the datasets provided by BIBREF1 and HEOT. These embeddings help to learn distributed representations of tweets. After experimentation, we kept the size of embeddings fixed to 1... | What embeddings do they use? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Glove
* Twitter word2vec
|
null | false | null | Where was poutine invented? | While it is the national dish of Quebec (a province of Canada) there are multiple cities that are claiming that poutine is from that city. For example Drummondville, Victoriaville, Warwick and Princeville. | |
null | false | null | How are you doing today? | As a Large Language Model (LLM), I don't have feelings like humans do. Thanks for asking though! | |
1909.08167 | false | null | Through the experiments, we empirically studied our analysis on DIRL and the effectiveness of our proposed solution in dealing with the problem it suffered from. In addition, we studied the impact of each step described in §SECREF10 and §SECREF14 to our proposed solution, respectively. To performe the study, we carried... | How is DIRL evaluated? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Through the experiments, we empirically studied our analysis on DIRL and the effectiveness of our proposed solution in dealing with the problem it suffered from.
|
null | false | 451 | We illustrate the test accuracy and convergence time in Figure 4. The decrease in batch size leads to a positive impact on the predictive accuracy in the data sets tested. This indicates that with less memory consumption for the kernel matrix, Kernel SGD can still achieve good predictive accuracy. | The described method is burdensome in terms of both diskspace and loading the kernel matrix. What is the latency impact of this loading as the mini-batch increases? | Kernel SGD is memory efficient (i.e., linear in the number of training data, cf. Section 3.2). As shown in Table 2 of the main text, the whole kernel matrix only needs 11.72 MB memory at most. Moreover, the size of kernel can be controlled by setting the mini-batch size. We have conducted experiments with increasing th... |
null | false | null | In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Kenning of Kayce? | Herrock Kenning, also known as Herrock the Whoreson | |
null | false | null | Why are Donald Trump’s followers stereotyped as idiots? | The creation of a stereotype and why it was formed in the first place is difficult to trace. However, it’s widely known that the average American who supports Donald trump is less educated than those who do not support him. Additionally people who less educated are more susceptible to confirmation or other biases and t... | |
null | false | null | Do you ever sing when you're alone? | I do often sing when I am alone. I sing in the car. I sing in the shower. I sing walking along the road when no one else is around. Singing alone is a very enjoyable way to spend time. Singing alone allows you to practice without others watching. Singing alone is a good way to be ready to sing karaoke at a work functio... | |
1605.07683 | false | null | FLOAT SELECTED: Table 1: Data used in this paper. Tasks 1-5 were generated using our simulator and share the same KB. Task 6 was converted from the 2nd Dialog State Tracking Challenge (Henderson et al., 2014a). Concierge is made of chats extracted from a real online concierge service. (∗) Tasks 1-5 have two test sets, ... | How large is the Dialog State Tracking Dataset? | 1,618 training dialogs, 500 validation dialogs, and 1,117 test dialogs |
null | false | 424 | The “Leave one out upper bound” (Poole et al., 2019) on the mutual information was called “L1Out” in Cheng et al. (2020), while we call it “InfoLOOB” (LOOB for “Leave One Out Bound”). InfoLOOB is the same as InfoNCE (Eq. (3)), but without the positive sample x1 in the denominator. Contrastive Log-ratio Upper Bound (CLU... | Since InfoLOOB is an upper bound, a natural question is that why not also try using CLUB (Cheng et al., ICML 2020) as the objective? | Again a valid point. In Cheng et al. (2020) CLUB has been used for minimizing the mutual information as usual for an upper bound. However, learning fails when maximizing the CLUB objective. There is a collapse to a single mode both without and with modern Hopfield networks. After extensive experimentation, we were not ... |
null | false | 322 | NLG is the process of automatically generating coherent NL text from non-linguistic data BIBREF0. Recently, the field has seen an increased interest in the development of NLG systems focusing on verbalizing resources from SW data BIBREF1. The SW aims to make information available on the Web easier to process for machin... | Why does the LD2NL build upon SPARQL2NL? | Because it is open-source and the paradigm it follows can be reused and ported to RDF and OWL. |
null | false | null | LaFollette was born near Morristown, New Jersey in 1781. His father, Joseph, and grandfather, Jean, were Huguenots who had escaped the persecution in France, traveling first to Jersey and then to the colonies where they operated a small farm near the Wallkill River in northern New Jersey. Jean was killed during the Fre... | Give a comma separated list of all the people listed in this passage about Jesse LaFollette | Jesse LaFollette, Joseph LaFollette, Jean LaFollette, Phoebe Gobel, George Washington, Casimir Pulaski |
null | false | 83 | We inspected the tweets of one fold that were misclassified by the Mazajak/SVM model (36 false positives/121 false negatives) to determine the most common errors.
had four main types:
[leftmargin=*]
Gloating: ex. يا هبيده> (“yA hbydp” - “O you delusional”) referring to fans of rival sports team for thinking they could ... | What are the four false positive types in this paper? | Four false positive types are the gloating, the quoting, the idioms and the implicit sarcasm. |
null | false | 9 | Our framework consists of a question answering model and a question generation model.
We implement two question answering models, which directly measure the semantic similarity between questions and candidate answers in the semantic space. First, to make the model's prediction more explainable, we implement a path base... | Why is the generation-based model designed in the approach？ | The motivation to design this model is that they want to associate natural language phrases with knowledge based representation. |
2004.01694 | false | null | Our experiments in Sections SECREF3–SECREF5 show that machine translation quality has not yet reached the level of professional human translation, and that human evaluation methods which are currently considered best practice fail to reveal errors in the output of strong NMT systems. In this section, we recommend a set... | What recommendations do they offer? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Choose professional translators as raters
* Evaluate documents, not sentences
* Evaluate fluency in addition to adequacy
* Do not heavily edit reference translations for fluency
* Use original source texts
|
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