question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | paper_id stringclasses 846
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What do the experimental results of this paper indicate? | The importance of analyzing tweet stream into chunks, as well as the benefits of heterogeneous knowledge source (i.e., lexica as well as text) in order to capture factuality. | In this paper, we proposed a model that utilizes chunked timelines of tweets and a recurrent neural model in order to infer the factuality of a Twitter news account. Our experimental results indicate the importance of analyzing tweet stream into chunks, as well as the benefits of heterogeneous knowledge source (i.e., l... | false | 78 | null |
What is industrial espionage? | Industrial espionage, economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage is a form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security.
While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more... | false | null | null | |
Could you please describe the winter of Seattle? | The winters in Seattle can be very cold and unpredictable. Some days are rainy, some are snowy, and some are just plain cold. The winters used to be difficult to tolerate. My family had to escape to Hawaii or other places to get some sunshine in the mid of the winter. However, since I started to ski with my son, the wi... | false | null | null | |
Where did xiaolongbao originate from and what are some key types | Xiaolongbao were first seen in Chengzhou which is located in Jiangsu province.
Since it's humble beginnings it has spread far and wide and there exist many variants.
A few common types are the:
- Shanghai Style
- Suzhou Style
- Wuxi Style
- Nanjing Style | "Xiaolongbao" originated in Changzhou, Jiangsu province, by Wan Hua Tea House in the years of Daoguang Emperor (1820 to 1850). Xiaolongbao evolved from the guantangbao (soup-filled dumplings/buns) from Kaifeng, Henan province, the capital city of Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960–1127).
There are numerous styles of xiaolo... | false | null | null |
When was Galaga released? | Galaga was released in 1981 as a fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco. | Galaga is a 1981 fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco. In North America, it was released by Midway Manufacturing. It is the sequel to Galaxian (1979), Namco's first major video game hit in arcades. Controlling a starship, the player is tasked with destroying the Galaga forces in each stage w... | false | null | null |
How was quality measured? | Inter-annotator agreement, comparison against expert annotation, agreement with PropBank Data annotations. | Dataset Quality Analysis ::: Inter-Annotator Agreement (IAA)
To estimate dataset consistency across different annotations, we measure F1 using our UA metric with 5 generators per predicate. Individual worker-vs-worker agreement yields 79.8 F1 over 10 experiments with 150 predicates, indicating high consistency across o... | false | null | 1911.03243 |
How should you care for grapes? | Grapes like sandy soil that is not too wet, so make sure to let the ground dry between waterings. Grapes often grow far more fruit than they can sustainably produce. Prune them aggressively in the early spring before the sap starts to flow while it is still cold. One method of pruning is to leave two to four vine lengt... | false | null | null | |
Whas is the performance drop of their model when there is no parsed input? | The answers are shown as follows:
* improvements of up to 1.5 BLEU over the seq2seq baseline
| The proposed models are compared against two baselines. The first, referred to here as seq2seq, is the standard RNN-based neural machine translation system with attention BIBREF0 . This baseline does not use the parsed data.
The multi-source systems improve strongly over both baselines, with improvements of up to 1.5 B... | false | null | 1808.10267 |
What has more caffeine between Coffee and Tea | While many teas do have caffeine like Green and Black, Coffee has about twice as much caffeine content. | false | null | null | |
What is the Shiba Inu (crypto)? | Shiba Inu token (ticker: SHIB) is a decentralized cryptocurrency created in August 2020 by an anonymous person or group known as "Ryoshi". It is named after the Shiba Inu (柴犬), a Japanese breed of dog originating in the Chūbu region, the same breed that is depicted in Dogecoin's symbol, itself originally a satirical cr... | false | null | null | |
Who are the pianists that are considered masters in playing Bach's music? | Glenn Gould is one of the most famous pianists playing Bach's music with his distinct style of articulating the contrapuntal texture of Bach's music. Zhu Xiao-mei's recording of Bach's The Goldberg Variations is acclaimed as one of the best recording of this piece. American pianist Murray Perahia has also built up a re... | false | null | null | |
What do the authors argue about the reason for zero-shot translation failure in transfer learning? | Language space mismatch problem, also named domain shift problem brings about the failure. | Although Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has dominated recent research on translation tasks BIBREF0, BIBREF1, BIBREF2, NMT heavily relies on large-scale parallel data, resulting in poor performance on low-resource or zero-resource language pairs BIBREF3. Translation between these low-resource languages (e.g., Arabic$\... | false | 0 | null |
What semantic rules are proposed? | rules that compute polarity of words after POS tagging or parsing steps | In Twitter social networking, people express their opinions containing sub-sentences. These sub-sentences using specific PoS particles (Conjunction and Conjunctive adverbs), like "but, while, however, despite, however" have different polarities. However, the overall sentiment of tweets often focus on certain sub-senten... | false | null | 1706.08032 |
What is the source of the tables? | The answers are shown as follows:
* The Online Retail Data Set consists of a clean list of 25873 invoices, totaling 541909 rows and 8 columns.
| The Online Retail Data Set consists of a clean list of 25873 invoices, totaling 541909 rows and 8 columns. InvoiceNo, CustomerID and StockCode are mostly 5 or 6-digit integers with occasional letters. Quantity is mostly 1 to 3-digit integers, a part of them being negative, and UnitPrice is composed of 1 to 6 digits flo... | false | null | 1708.04120 |
What is a Tide? | Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon. | false | null | null | |
Why did Major League Baseball introduce new rules for 2023? | Major League Baseball has long grappled with a stigma that its games were boring because they were too long without much action.
There were multiple reasons for games to swell to over 3 hours long on average, but notably were more pitching changes, long delays between pitches, batters who would step out of the batte... | false | null | null | |
From the passage identify the subtypes of Hepatovirus A. Display the results in comma separated format. | IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB | Hepatovirus A is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae, genus Hepatovirus. Humans and other vertebrates serve as natural hosts.
Nine members of Hepatovirus are recognized. These species infect bats, rodents, hedgehogs, and shrews. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a rodent origin for Hepat... | false | null | null |
What about the inter annotator agreement for the human evaluation? | To evaluate the reliability of annotations they compute Krippendorff's a, a measure of agreement designed for variable levels of measurement such as a Likert scale (Hayes and Krippendorff, 2007). An a of 0 indicates agreement indistinguishable from chance, while an a of 1 indicates perfect agreement. Across all annotat... | Posts on Reddit capture debate and discussion across a diverse set of topics, making them a natural starting point for untangling domain-independent linguistic features of dogmatism.
Data collection. Subreddits are sub-communities on Reddit oriented around specific interests or topics, such as technology or politics. S... | false | 1 | null |
Are the 4 BAE attack modes almost always stronger than previous baselines on 7 text classification datasets? | Yes, they are. | Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of ML models to adversarial attacks, small perturbations which lead to misclassification of inputs. Adversarial example generation in NLP BIBREF0 is more challenging than in common computer vision tasks BIBREF1, BIBREF2, BIBREF3 due to two main reasons: the discrete nature of... | false | 200 | null |
What is the evaluation metric? | The multiplication of F1-scores for the “OK” and “BAD” classes against the true labels. | We evaluate our CEQE model on the WMT2018 Quality Estimation Shared Task for word-level English-German, German-English, English-Czech, and English-Latvian QE. Words in all languages are lowercased. The evaluation metric is the multiplication of F1-scores for the “OK” and “BAD” classes against the true labels. F1-score ... | false | 310 | null |
How is moral bias measured? | Answer with content missing: (formula 1) bias(q, a, b) = cos(a, q) − cos(b, q)
Bias is calculated as substraction of cosine similarities of question and some answer for two opposite answers. | Analogous to word embeddings, sentence embeddings, e.g. the Universal Sentence Encoder BIBREF8 and Sentence-BERT BIBREF6, allow one to calculate the cosine similarity of various different sentences, as for instance the similarity of a question and the corresponding answer. The more appropriate a specific answer is to a... | false | null | 1912.05238 |
What baseline models do they compare against? | SLQA, Rusalka, HMA Model (single), TriAN (single), jiangnan (ensemble), MITRE (ensemble), TriAN (ensemble), HMA Model (ensemble) | FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Experimental Results of Models
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Experimental Results of Models | false | null | 1901.02257 |
What is the wettest state in the US? | Hawaii – 63.70 inches of rain per year | false | null | null | |
What is One Piece? | One Piece is a manga and an anime about pirates. The main protagonist is Monkey D. Luffy who became a rubber man after eating a Rubber Devil Fruit. Devil Fruit are primarily how people get powers in this world. Luffy's goal is to find the One Piece, a fabled treasure that would allow him to become the King of Pirates. ... | The series focuses on Monkey D. Luffy, a young man made of rubber, who, inspired by his childhood idol, the powerful pirate Red-Haired Shanks, sets off on a journey from the East Blue Sea to find the mythical treasure, the One Piece, and proclaim himself the King of the Pirates. In an effort to organize his own crew, t... | false | null | null |
Which of the following people were Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom? Margaret Thatcher, Winston Churchill, Queen Elizabeth II, Benjamin Disraeli, Thomas Cromwell | Margaret Thatcher, Winston Churchill, and Benjamin Disraeli were Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom. | false | null | null | |
Which places are near Lightwater. | Lightwater is near Bagshot, Windlesham, Camberley, Deepcut and West End, Woking. It is about 27 miles from London. | Lightwater is a village in the Surrey Heath district of Surrey, England, about 27 miles (43 km) southwest of central London. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Windlesham, Camberley, and West End, Woking. It is bounded to the north-west by the M3 motorway and to the north-east by the "... | false | null | null |
When did World War II finish? | World War II, also knowns as WW2 or WWII, was a global conflict that started in 1939 and ended in 1945. | false | null | null | |
are these seas or oceans?
atlantic
indian
caspian
red
arabian
pacific
baltic
yellow
southern | seas: caspian, red, arabian, baltic, yellow, southern
oceans: atlantic, indian, pacific | false | null | null | |
Does the RL model create responses that are potentially better at mitigating hate speech and are more diverse? | Yes, it does. | The experimental results of the detection task and the generative intervention task are shown in Table TABREF27 and Table TABREF29 separately. The results of the human evaluation are shown in Table TABREF30. Figure FIGREF25 shows examples of the generated responses.
As shown in Table TABREF27 and TABREF29, all the clas... | false | 214 | null |
What is a sonnet? | In the English language, a sonnet is a poem comprised of 14 lines. The most commonly known sonnets written by William Shakespeare contain 12 lines of iambic pentameter followed by a couplet. The couplet usually rhymes. | false | null | null | |
How many neurons are in the softmax layer? | Three. Positive, negative, or neutral. | We use the CNN structure as described in Section SECREF5 for emotional feature extraction. As a dataset for extracting emotion-related features, we use the corpus developed by BIBREF35 . This dataset consists of blog posts labeled by their corresponding emotion categories. As emotion taxonomy, the authors used six basi... | false | 109 | null |
Give me the list of British artists born before 1700 | These are the British artists born before 1700:
- Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/8–1543) – German artist and printmaker who became court painter in England
- Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder (c. 1520 – c. 1590) – Flemish printmaker and painter for the English court of the mid-16th century
- George Gower (1540–1596) – Engli... | false | null | null | |
Classify these as protein, fats or carbohydrate sources: steak, yogurt, cheese, bananas, bread, pasta | Steak: protein, yogurt: protein, cheese: fats, bananas: carb, bread: carb, pasta: carb | false | null | null | |
What are the shortcomings of the recent related work? | Duong et al. and Anastasopoulos et al. presented models that align audio to translated text, but neither used these models to try to translate new utterance. Berard et al. did develop a direct speech to translation system, but presented results only on a corpus of synthetic audio with a small number of speakers. Finall... | Typical speech-to-text translation systems pipeline automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) BIBREF0 . But high-quality ASR requires hundreds of hours of transcribed audio, while high-quality MT requires millions of words of parallel text—resources available for only a tiny fraction of the world'... | false | 39 | null |
Extract the venues of each Phish concert referenced in this paragraph and list in bulleted format. | -Hampton Coliseum
-Fenway Park
-Red Rocks Ampitheatre
-Bonnaroo Music Festival
-Empire Polo Club
-New York City (venue for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ceremony is not specified)
-Alpine Valley Music Theatre
-Utica Memorial Auditorium | On October 1, 2008, the band announced on their website that they had officially reunited, and would play their first shows in five years in March 2009 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia. The three reunion concerts were held on March 6, 7, and 8, 2009, with "Fluffhead" being the first song the band played ons... | false | null | null |
What was the White Brigade | The White Brigade (Dutch: Witte Brigade, French: Brigade blanche) was a Belgian resistance group, was founded on 23 July 1940 in Antwerp by Marcel Louette, who was nicknamed "Fidelio". The group was originally known as "De Geuzengroep" and changed its name again after the Liberation of Belgium to Witte Brigade-Fidelio ... | The White Brigade (Dutch: Witte Brigade, French: Brigade blanche) was a Belgian resistance group, was founded on 23 July 1940 in Antwerp by Marcel Louette, who was nicknamed "Fidelio". The group was originally known as "De Geuzengroep" and changed its name again after the Liberation of Belgium to Witte Brigade-Fidelio ... | false | null | null |
How many letters there are in the hebrew language | The Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 letters, all consonants: Alef is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet and Tav is the last. The Hebrew alphabet is often called the "alef-bet," because of its first two letters in the alphabet. | false | null | null | |
Can you provide any details on Tent and other baseline methods? | We have added details of baseline methods at the start of Section 4.1 and 4.2. For Tent with Adam optimizer, we use default hyperparameters of mini-batch size 128 and learning rate 0.001 in (Wang et al., 2021), but we still observe performance degradation in Camelyon17, iWildCam and VisDA in Table 3. Although the rate ... | We compare our method with the baseline source models, as well as with test-time adaptation methods that also augment only batch normalization layers namely Test-time BN and the state-of-the-art Tent) that adapts BN parameters by entropy minimization with default hyperparameters i.e. Adam or SGD with momentum with mini... | false | 516 | null |
How is it that some high net-worth individuals are able to avoid paying taxes completely? | The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) taxes regular income and investment income differently. For one type of common investment income i.e long term capital gains, the tax rates are 0%, 15% and 20% based on the annual income of the individual. The income used for calculating the above rates doesn't include income from the... | false | null | null | |
What are interesting plot twists for a novel? | Twists could include showing that a character who was thought dead is actually alive, or maybe revealing that a trusted character is actually a villain. Thrillers can use natural disasters or freak accidents to put characters in peril. Mystery novels can introduce new evidence that redirects suspicion or dramatically i... | false | null | null | |
By how much does their method outperform the multi-head attention model? | Their average improvement in Character Error Rate over the best MHA model was 0.33 percent points. | FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Experimental results.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Experimental results. | false | null | 1804.08050 |
Who is Ronald Peter Nash | Ronald Peter Nash CMG (born 18 September 1946) is a British diplomat who served as Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2002 to 2003.
He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2004 New Year Honours. | Ronald Peter Nash CMG (born 18 September 1946) is a British diplomat who served as Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2002 to 2003. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2004 New Year Honours. | false | null | null |
Which are three assumptions in current approaches for defining faithfulness? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Two models will make the same predictions if and only if they use the same reasoning process.
* On similar inputs, the model makes similar decisions if and only if its reasoning is similar.
* Certain parts of the input are more important to the model reasoning than others. Moreover, ... | Defining Faithfulness ::: Assumption 1 (The Model Assumption).
Two models will make the same predictions if and only if they use the same reasoning process.
Defining Faithfulness ::: Assumption 2 (The Prediction Assumption).
On similar inputs, the model makes similar decisions if and only if its reasoning is similar.
D... | false | null | 2004.03685 |
Let's imagine I create a fake currency called Yarns with two types of coins: a super-yarn (worth 10 yarns) and a mini-yarn (worth 0.5 yarn). How much money do I have in total if I have 2 super-yarns and three mini-yarns? | Given that a super-yarn is worth 10 yarns and a mini-yarn is worth 0.5 yarn, if you have 2 super-yarns and 3 mini-yarns you have 21.5 yarns in total. | false | null | null | |
Give me the all-time hit movies of Rajnikanth. | Baasha
Padaiyappa
Annamalai
Chandramukhi
Thalapathi
Enthiran | false | null | null | |
What's the difference between a turnover and a turnover on downs in the sport of American Football? | A turnover is when the offensive team, the team with possession of the football, loses possession of the football during play. This generally occurs in two ways: the defense intercepting a pass or recovering a fumble. A turnover on downs occurs only on the fourth and last down of a set of downs; the offense attempts to... | false | null | null | |
Give me a bulleted list of 5 outdoor activities I could do this weekend. | Here are 5 outdoor activities you could do this weekend:
1. Hike a long and steep trail through the mountains.
2. Surf in the Pacific ocean.
3. Ski at the resorts in Lake Tahoe.
4. Drink craft beers at local breweries.
5. Go for a long walk on the beach. | false | null | null | |
Given the following paragraph on cell structure, what is an example of membrane proteins? | One example of membrane proteins are integral membrane proteins which go across the membrane and serve as membrane transporters. | Every cell is enclosed within a cell membrane that separates its cytoplasm from the extracellular space. A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterols that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. Cell membranes are semipermeable, allowing small molecules such ... | false | null | null |
How has the video gaming industry evolved over the years ? | Video games have been around for a while now. The industry have evolved massively in the recent 10 years. The industry begun with games that were programmed for the early computers. Then, specific devices like the Playstation from Sony, X-Box from Microsoft started to enter the scene. These helped with growing the numb... | false | null | null | |
What is one-child policy? | The "one-child policy" was a Chinese population planning initiative that was implemented from 1980 to 2015 to curb population growth by limiting many families to only one child. It was part of a larger effort to control population growth that began in 1970 and ended in 2021, which included setting minimum ages for marr... | The term one-child policy refers to a population planning initiative in China implemented between 1980 and 2015 to curb the country's population growth by restricting many families to a single child. That initiative was part of a much broader effort to control population growth that began in 1970 and ended in 2021, a h... | false | null | null |
What are modifiers in English? | A word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to sense of a head noun | false | null | null | |
What is the difference between KBMRC and KBQA? | KBMRC also relates to knowledge-base question answering (KBQA) (Yih et al. 2015), which aims to answer questions based on an external large-scale KB such as Freebase or ProBase. KBMRC differs from KBQA in that the original KB comes from the content of a document. External KB is used in this work to enhance the document... | The task of KBMRC differs from machine reading comprehension (MRC) in both input and output aspects. The input of KBMRC is the knowledge including both word knowledge extracted from the document and world knowledge retrieved from external knowledge base, while the input of MRC is the unstructured text of a document. Th... | false | 9 | null |
Why is BioC format chosen for annotation？ | BioC was chosen as it allows them to capture the complexities of the annotations in the biomedical domain. It represented each documents properties ranging from full text, individual passages/sentences along with captured annotations and relationships in an organized manner. BioC is based on character offsets of annota... | The annotation was performed using WebAnno BIBREF7, a web-based tool for linguistic annotation. The annotators could choose between a pre-annotated version or a blank version of each text. The pre-annotated versions contained suggested entity spans based on string matches from lists of conditions and findings synonym l... | false | 77 | null |
Do they conduct any human evaluation? | Yes. | We investigate both methods, either in isolation or combined, on two translation directions (En-It and En-De) for which the length of the target is on average longer than the length of the source. Our ultimate goal is to generate translations whose length is not longer than that of the source string (see example in Tab... | true | null | 1910.10408 |
How does the model recognize entities and their relation to answers at inference time when answers are not accessible? | The answers are shown as follows:
* gating function
* Dynamic Memory
| In this paper we presented the Question Dependent Recurrent Entity Network, used for reasoning and reading comprehension tasks. This model uses a particular RNN cell in order to store just relevant information about the given question. In this way, in combination with the original Recurrent Entity Network (keys and mem... | false | null | 1707.07922 |
When did the Great Chicago Fire occur? | 1871 | He assumed the presidency of the Commercial Insurance Company, then was named president of the Chicago Board of Underwriters in 1869. Following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, he was named the president of the State Savings Institution, resigning in 1873. Dore also presided over the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home and d... | false | null | null |
What album by Trans-X was released in 1983 and how many songs were on it? | Trans-X released the album Living on Video in 1983. It included 7 tracks. | Living on Video (also known as Message on the Radio) is the first studio album by the Canadian synth-pop group Trans-X. Recorded and released in 1983 by Mantra Records, Message on the Radio was a seven-track album. Produced by Daniel Bernier, the record featured all instruments played by Pascal Languirand with Anne Bro... | false | null | null |
Pitch me some bad ideas for cologne scents. | - Goat cheese
- Dead bird
- Nursing home
- Gasoline
- Carcase
- Sweat
- Basement must
- Mold | false | null | null | |
What are the advantages of using the Real-Binary PV-DBOW model over two separate networks? | One advantage of using the Real-Binary PV-DBOW model over two separate networks is that they need to store only one set of softmax parameters (and a small projection matrix) in the memory, instead of two large weight matrices. Additionally, only one model needs to be trained, rather than two distinct networks. | The basic idea in binary paragraph vector models is to introduce a sigmoid nonlinearity before the softmax that models the conditional probability of words given the context. If we then enforce binary or near-binary activations in this nonlinearity, the probability distribution over words will be conditioned on a bit v... | false | 393 | null |
Why do people prefer Windows over Linux? | While Linux is more commonly used in servers and supercomputers, and Windows is more popular among personal computers, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Windows is generally considered to be easier to use, while Linux is known for its stability and security. | false | null | null | |
What is the definition of hate speech in this paper? | Hate speech is commonly defined as any communication criticizing a person or a group based on some characteristics such as gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, race, etc. |
People are increasingly using social networking platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, etc. to communicate their opinions and share information. Although the interactions among users on these platforms can lead to constructive conversations, they have been increasingly exploited for the propagation of abusive l... | false | 95 | null |
Who is John Schneider | John Schneider is an actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is currently the Arts and Entertainment Editor for the Shepherd Express and a theatre arts professor at Marquette University. | false | null | null | |
Think up of different foods that are good for when you are sick | Warm tea, chicken noodle soup, oranges, ginger chews | false | null | null | |
In which popular 1970s educational computer game could a character die of dysentery or drowning due to a poorly-caulked wagon? | The Oregon Trail | false | null | null | |
Which of these would you not wear on a hot summer day? Sweatshirt, t-shirt, shorts, tank top, hat, wool coat, leather trousers, crop top. | The average person would likely not wear a sweatshirt, wool coat, or leather trousers on a hot summer day. A sweatshirt is generally a second layer worn on top of another article of clothing for additional warmth, which one wouldn't need on a hot day. A coat is another garment meant to layer over other clothing, and wo... | false | null | null | |
What makes a song popular? | There are several aspects that determine if a song is popular. The best songs may not be the most popular. Songs need to be promoted and played on the radio. The song needs to be recommended on most music services. It also helps if the song is made by a popular artist that most people are familiar with. All of this hel... | false | null | null | |
Do they use the same distance metric for both the SimCluster and K-means algorithm? | Yes. | We used the gaussian index from which an utterance pair was generated as the ground truth label, which served to provide ground truth clusters for computation of the above evaluation metrics. Table TABREF15 shows a comparison of the results on SimCluster versus K-means algorithm. Here our SimCluster algorithm improves ... | true | null | 1710.10609 |
Given this paragraph about the Cold War, why did the Soviets pull out of their war in Afghanistan? | The Soviets withdrew from the Soviet-Afghan War beginning in May 1988 due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens. | After World War II, parts of Eastern and Central Europe, including East Germany and eastern parts of Austria were occupied by Red Army according to the Potsdam Conference. Dependent communist governments were installed in the Eastern Bloc satellite states. After becoming the world's second nuclear power, the Soviet Uni... | false | null | null |
With which countries does Indonesia share borders? | Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. | Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country b... | false | null | null |
Give me a list of the last five european golden boots winner and tell me how many goals they scored and in which league they scored these goals. | 1. Robert Lewandowski, 2022-2021, 35 goals, Bundesliga
2. Robert Lewandowski, 2021-2020, 41 goals, Bundesliga
3. Ciro Immobile, 2020-2019, 36 goals, Serie A
4. Lionel Messi, 2019-2018, 36 goals, La Liga
5. Lionel Messi, 2018-2017, 34 goals, La Liga | false | null | null | |
What is the Fallout game? | Fallout is a cyberpunk game based in a post-apocalyptic world. It is an RPG that gained extreme popularity for its storytelling, setting, music and art. The famous RPG game uses a 1950's retro world that is combined with futuristic technology to create a unique setting. With many branching quest lines and plenty of ite... | Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game is a 1997 role-playing video game developed and published by Interplay Productions. In a mid-22nd century post-apocalyptic and retro-futuristic world, decades after a global nuclear war between the United States and China, Fallout's protagonist, the Vault Dweller, inhabits the ... | false | null | null |
Which is the most popular sport in India? | The most popular sport in India is Cricket | false | null | null | |
Why do people need sleep? | Sleep is necessary for your overall health and well-being. Sleep is even so important not enough sleep can actually kill you. Sleep enables the body engage in processes that help rejuvenate the body through better mental and physical performance. A good night of rest will give you higher energy levels, better mood, ... | false | null | null | |
On what assumptions do the authors propose a clustered tag set to replace the existing tags? | On the assumption that the original syntactic tags are too fined-grained to be useful in neural models. | One of the most fundamental topics in natural language processing is how best to derive high-level representations from constituent parts, as natural language meanings are a function of their constituent parts. How best to construct a sentence representation from distributed word embeddings is an example domain of this... | false | 26 | null |
Why is a higher interest rate on my home worse? | Getting a higher interest rate on a home loan increases the payments on your loan. Over time, a higher interest rate can greatly increase the amount that you pay to your lender. However, a silver lining might be the lower home prices that often accompany higher interest rates. It’s possible that refinancing after inter... | false | null | null | |
Which Targaryen has the dragon Rhaegal named after him? | Rhaegal is named for Rhaegar Targaryen, Daenerys Targaryen's eldest brother. | false | null | null | |
How is order of binomials tracked across time? | The answers are shown as follows:
* draw our data from news publications, wine reviews, and Reddit
* develop new metrics for the agreement of binomial orderings across communities and the movement of binomial orderings over time
* develop a null model to determine how much variation in binomial orderings we might expe... | The present work: Binomials in large-scale online text. In this work, we use data from large-scale Internet text corpora to study binomials at a massive scale, drawing on text created by millions of users. Our approach is more wholesale than prior work - we focus on all binomials of sufficient frequency, without first ... | false | null | 2003.03612 |
Who is Brad Pitt? | Brad Pitt was born in America. He is known for acting in movies and also producing them. He has received many awards including two academy awards, golden globes, and an emmy award. He has stared in movies like Babylon, Bullet Train, No Way Out, and Hunk. | false | null | null | |
I'm at a board game shop and want to buy a game that either requires physical skill or economic strategy. Here are the available games: Pictionary, Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Jenga, Operation, Catan, Diplomacy and Hungry Hippos. Give me a shortlist. | Your shortlist consists of games that require physical skill or economic strategy:
Physical Skill: Jenga, Operation, Hungry Hippos
Economic Strategy: Catan, Diplomacy, Monopoly | false | null | null | |
How do they measure performance of language model tasks? | BPC, Perplexity | In Table TABREF39 , our results are comparable to the state-of-the-art methods. Since we do not have the same computational resource used in BIBREF50 to tune hyper-parameters at large scale, we expect that our model could achieve better performance after an aggressive hyperparameter tuning process. As shown in Table TA... | false | null | 1711.02013 |
Where was Anne Zohra Berrached born? | Anne Zohra Berrached was born and raised in GDR (German Democratic Republic) | The daughter of an Algerian father, Anne Zohra Berrached was born and raised in the GDR. Following specialized secondary school in art, she earned a university degree in social pedagogy. Anne Zohra Berrached worked for two years in London as a drama teacher before spending one year abroad in Cameroon and Spain. | false | null | null |
Tell me whether these are names of basketball teams or baseball teams: Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Clippers, San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, Miami Heat, Boston Celtics | Los Angeles Lakers - NBA basketball team
Los Angeles Angels - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Dodgers - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Clippers - NBA basketball team
San Diego Padres - MLB baseball team
New York Yankees - MLB baseball team
Miami Heat - NBA basketball team
Boston Celtics - NBA basketball team | false | null | null | |
How can I learn how to ski? | While there are many different ways to learn how to ski, here are some of the more common ones:
1. Take a professional lesson. These are typically offered as half-day or full-day, and either as a private lesson or in a group of typically up to eight people.
2. Have a friend teach you. This is a more cost-conscious wa... | false | null | null | |
How do they evaluate the performances? | The authors employed stratified shuffle split cross validation (with 10 folds) to evaluate performances. | We performed classification experiments using a basic off-the-shelf classifier, namely Logistic Regression (LR) with L2 penalty; this also allows us to compare results with our baseline. We applied a standardization of the features and we used the default configuration for parameters as described in scikit-learn packag... | false | 99 | null |
Who was Roy Cameron? When and where did he work? | Roy E. Cameron was a biologist. He worked in Antartica at the McMurdo Station during the summers of 1966–67 and 1967–68 | The Cameron Nunataks (72°36′S 163°43′E) are a small cluster of nunataks rising above the west margin of Evans Neve, at the southern end of the Freyberg Mountains. The cluster was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and named by the Advisory Committee on Ant... | false | null | null |
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Igba, Berimbau | Berimbau is string, Igba is percussion. | false | null | null | |
Write a convincing argument about why cats are better than dogs | Cats are better than dogs because they are independent pets that don't require intensive care, so they are well suited for the lifestyle of someone who works in an office or likes to be able to go out on the weekends, as they can be left alone for longer periods of time than dogs. Cats can also be housebroken very easi... | false | null | null | |
What makes you smile? What makes you happy? | I smile when I can let life slow down a bit and I can stop to appreciate what's around me. The small things are the best. A passerby having a happy moment. A great song. A nice tree. | false | null | null | |
Based on the following passage, extract recorded instructions for housekeepers from around 100 BC. | Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserve... | Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine,... | false | null | null |
Which continent can Callixena versicolora be found? | Africa | Callixena versicolora is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Max Saalmüller in 1891. The species can be found in Africa, where it is known from Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Kenya, South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and Réunion.
This species has a wingspan from 29 to 40 mm.... | false | null | null |
What's unique about it and why is it famous? | It is believed that Doleshwor Mahadeva is the head part of Kedarnath temple located in Uttarakhand, India, and Kedarnath is one of the most famous Shiva temple. | Doleshwor Mahadeva (Nepali: डोलेश्वर महादेव) is a Hindu Temple of Lord Shiva located in Suryabinayak, south eastern part of Bhaktapur District, Nepal, and is believed to be the head part of Kedarnath temple located in Uttarakhand, India.
History
For 4000 years people have been searching for the head of the Panch Kedar... | false | null | null |
Does their model start with any prior knowledge of words? | No. | The objectives of this study were to build a robot that learns words related to places and efficiently utilizes this learned vocabulary in self-localization. Lexical acquisition related to places is expected to enable a robot to improve its spatial cognition. A schematic representation depicting the target task of this... | true | null | 1602.01208 |
What dataset is used? | The answers are shown as follows:
* ACL Anthology Reference Corpus
| The ACL-Embeddings (300 and 100 dimensions) from ACL collection were trained . ACL Anthology Reference Corpus contains the canonical 10,921 computational linguistics papers, from which I have generated 622,144 sentences after filtering out sentences with lower quality.
ACL Anthology Reference Corpus contains the canoni... | false | null | 1704.00177 |
What is the sample size of people used to measure user satisfaction? | The answers are shown as follows:
* 34,432
| Amazon Alexa Prize BIBREF0 provides a platform to collect real human-machine conversation data and evaluate performance on speech-based social conversational systems. Our system, Gunrock BIBREF1 addresses several limitations of prior chatbots BIBREF2, BIBREF3, BIBREF4 including inconsistency and difficulty in complex s... | false | null | 1910.03042 |
Why the certain animals called the big five ? | These refer specifically to 5 most dangerous types of animals in Africa, that kill humans. They also sometimes referred to the 5 most dangerous types of animals to hunt in Africa. | false | null | null | |
How many matrics are used for evaluation？ | Four. | We evaluated our attention transformations on three language pairs. We focused on small datasets, as they are the most affected by coverage mistakes. We use the IWSLT 2014 corpus for De-En, the KFTT corpus for Ja-En BIBREF19 , and the WMT 2016 dataset for Ro-En. The training sets have 153,326, 329,882, and 560,767 para... | false | 42 | null |
Which fruits are most often candied fruit? | Papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. | Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet ta... | false | null | null |
What are the three main nutrient groups? | The three main nutrient groups, also called macronutrients and macros for short, are protein, carbohydrates, and fat. | false | null | null | |
What are the two social networks in which they focused on matching accounts? | Twitter and Facebook. | For the purposes of this paper, we focused on matching accounts between two of the largest social networks: Twitter and Facebook. In order to proceed with our study, we needed a sizeable (few thousand) number of English speaking users with accounts on both Twitter and Facebook. We also needed to know the precise matchi... | false | 369 | null |
What are the advatages and disadvatages of commuting with bikes comparing to cars? | There are several advantages that matter a lot to me personally. Bikes are much cheaper than cars, and don't require subsequent payment for gas and insurance. Finding a parking space and paying for parking can also be a concern for cars. Commuting by bicycle for half an hour to an hour every day can relax my mind. As f... | false | null | null |
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