Subset (2)

scifact_data · 1.11k rows

Split (2)

train · 809 rows

question_id stringlengths 1 4	question stringlengths 26 249	pos_item_ids listlengths 1 5	pos_item_contents listlengths 1 5
1157	The DESMOND program demonstrates no significant impact on biochemical outcomes.	[ "12584053" ]	[ "Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. OBJECTIVE To measure whether the benefits of a single education and self management structured progr...
1158	The DESMOND program demonstrates no significant impact on lifestyles outcomes.	[ "12584053" ]	[ "Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. OBJECTIVE To measure whether the benefits of a single education and self management structured progr...
1159	The DESMOND program demonstrates no significant impact on weight loss.	[ "12584053" ]	[ "Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. OBJECTIVE To measure whether the benefits of a single education and self management structured progr...
116	Anthrax spores remain deadly until affected areas are decontaminated.	[ "33872649" ]	[ "Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office.. CONTEXT Bioterrorist attacks involving letters and mail-handling systems in Washington, DC, resulted in Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spore contamination in the Hart Senate Office Building and other facilities in the U...
1161	The DEXI promoter region is bound by multiple transcription factors in a murine haematopoietic progenitor cell line.	[ "13048272" ]	[ "Combinatorial transcriptional control in blood stem/progenitor cells: genome-wide analysis of ten major transcriptional regulators.. Combinatorial transcription factor (TF) interactions control cellular phenotypes and, therefore, underpin stem cell formation, maintenance, and differentiation. Here, we report the g...
1162	The DdrB protein from Deinococcus radiodurans functions as a pentamer.	[ "15305881" ]	[ "The structure of DdrB from Deinococcus: a new fold for single-stranded DNA binding proteins. Deinococcus spp. are renowned for their amazing ability to recover rapidly from severe genomic fragmentation as a result of exposure to extreme levels of ionizing radiation or desiccation. Despite having been originally ch...
1164	The G34R/V mutation creates a hypomethylated phenotype at the H3K36 histone.	[ "4455466" ]	[ "ZMYND11 links histone H3.3K36me3 to transcription elongation and tumour suppression. Recognition of modified histones by ‘reader’ proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of chromatin. H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) is deposited onto the nucleosomes in the transcribed regions after RNA polymerase II elong...
1165	The G34R/V mutation does not create a hypomethylated phenotype at the H3K36 histone.	[ "4455466" ]	[ "ZMYND11 links histone H3.3K36me3 to transcription elongation and tumour suppression. Recognition of modified histones by ‘reader’ proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of chromatin. H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) is deposited onto the nucleosomes in the transcribed regions after RNA polymerase II elong...
1166	The H2A-H2B eviction defect is compensated for by other histone chaperone(s).	[ "9889151" ]	[ "FACT Disrupts Nucleosome Structure by Binding H2A-H2B with Conserved Peptide Motifs.. FACT, a heterodimer of Spt16 and Pob3, is an essential histone chaperone. We show that the H2A-H2B binding activity that is central to FACT function resides in short acidic regions near the C termini of each subunit. Mutations th...
1168	The HSV-2 infection is typically asymptomatic.	[ "8563659" ]	[ "Persistence of HIV-1 Receptor-Positive Cells after HSV-2 Reactivation: A Potential Mechanism for Increased HIV-1 Acquisition. To explore the mechanism by which herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 infection is related to HIV-1 acquisition, we conducted in situ analysis of the cellular infiltrate from sequential biopsies o...
1169	The M2-phenotype in brown adipose tissue macrophages increases brown adipose tissue thermogenic activity.	[ "4319174" ]	[ "Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis. All homeotherms use thermogenesis to maintain their core body temperature, ensuring that cellular functions and physiological processes can continue in cold environments. In the prevailing model of thermogenesis, when the...
1170	The NF-κB essential modulator gene induces intestinal inflammation by promoting receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase 1 kinase activity-mediated epithelial cell death.	[ "18956141" ]	[ "NEMO Prevents RIP Kinase 1-Mediated Epithelial Cell Death and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by NF-κB-Dependent and -Independent Functions. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) regulate gut immune homeostasis, and impaired epithelial responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)....
1171	The NF-κB essential modulator gene prevents intestinal inflammation by inhibiting receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase 1 kinase activity-mediated epithelial cell death.	[ "18956141" ]	[ "NEMO Prevents RIP Kinase 1-Mediated Epithelial Cell Death and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by NF-κB-Dependent and -Independent Functions. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) regulate gut immune homeostasis, and impaired epithelial responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)....
1173	The PDPN gene deactivates the C-type lectin receptor (CLEC-2).	[ "7370282" ]	[ "Podoplanin-Rich Stromal Networks Induce Dendritic Cell Motility via Activation of the C-type Lectin Receptor CLEC-2. To initiate adaptive immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) move from parenchymal tissues to lymphoid organs by migrating along stromal scaffolds that display the glycoprotein podoplanin (PDPN). PDPN is ex...
1174	The PPR MDA5 has twenty N-terminal CARD domains.	[ "31272411" ]	[ "Immune signaling by RIG-I-like receptors.. The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 play a major role in pathogen sensing of RNA virus infection to initiate and modulate antiviral immunity. The RLRs detect viral RNA ligands or processed self RNA in the cytoplasm to trigger innate immunity and inflamma...
1176	The PRDM1 gene is a key determinant of primordial germ cells.	[ "13910150" ]	[ "The Germ Cell Determinant Blimp1 Is Not Required for Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Blimp1 (Prdm1), the key determinant of primordial germ cells (PGCs), plays a combinatorial role with Prdm14 during PGC specification from postimplantation epiblast cells. They together initiate epigenetic reprogramming in ea...
1177	The PRDM1 gene, when combined with the PRDM14 gene, plays an important role during primordial germ cell specification.	[ "13910150" ]	[ "The Germ Cell Determinant Blimp1 Is Not Required for Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Blimp1 (Prdm1), the key determinant of primordial germ cells (PGCs), plays a combinatorial role with Prdm14 during PGC specification from postimplantation epiblast cells. They together initiate epigenetic reprogramming in ea...
1178	The PRR MDA5 has a C-terminal domain.	[ "31272411" ]	[ "Immune signaling by RIG-I-like receptors.. The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 play a major role in pathogen sensing of RNA virus infection to initiate and modulate antiviral immunity. The RLRs detect viral RNA ligands or processed self RNA in the cytoplasm to trigger innate immunity and inflamma...
1181	The RANK-RANK-Ligand (RANKL) pathway is involved in the development of Aire-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs).	[ "301838", "2734421", "39128592", "3952288" ]	[ "Rank Signaling Links the Development of Invariant γδ T Cell Progenitors and Aire+ Medullary Epithelium. The thymic medulla provides a specialized microenvironment for the negative selection of T cells, with the presence of autoimmune regulator (Aire)-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) during the ...
1182	The Snf1 complex regulates carbon and energy metabolism in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).	[ "14541844" ]	[ "Reconstruction of the yeast Snf1 kinase regulatory network reveals its role as a global energy regulator. Highly conserved among eukaryotic cells, the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of carbon metabolism. To map the complete network of interactions around AMPK in yeast (Snf1) and to evaluate the...
1183	The TRaF1/C5 rs10818488 allele polymorphism regulates the neighboring C5 gene.	[ "1967017" ]	[ "A Candidate Gene Approach Identifies the TRAF1/C5 Region as a Risk Factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Correction for: Kurreeman FAS, Padyukov L, Marques RB, Schrodi SJ, Seddighzadeh M, et al. (2007) A Candidate Gene Approach Identifies the TRAF1/C5 Region as a Risk Factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS Med 4(9): ...
1184	The US health care system can save up to $5 billion if 7% of patients waiting for kidney transplants participate in the optimized national kidney paired donation program.	[ "16737210" ]	[ "Kidney paired donation and optimizing the use of live donor organs.. CONTEXT Blood type and crossmatch incompatibility will exclude at least one third of patients in need from receiving a live donor kidney transplant. Kidney paired donation (KPD) offers incompatible donor/recipient pairs the opportunity to match f...
1186	The World Health Organization's (WHO) data collection process is biased downward by unequal selection of larger outbreaks.	[ "7485455" ]	[ "Using Routine Surveillance Data to Estimate the Epidemic Potential of Emerging Zoonoses: Application to the Emergence of US Swine Origin Influenza A H3N2v Virus. BACKGROUND Prior to emergence in human populations, zoonoses such as SARS cause occasional infections in human populations exposed to reservoir species. ...
1188	The ability of activator E2Fs in preventing cell death is limited to terminally differentiated cells.	[ "4394817" ]	[ "E2F1-3 Switch from Activators in Progenitor Cells to Repressors in Differentiating Cells. In the established model of mammalian cell cycle control, the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) functions to restrict cells from entering S phase by binding and sequestering E2f activators (E2f1, E2f2 and E2f3), which are invariabl...
119	Antidepressants increase the severity of migraines.	[ "14606752" ]	[ "Tricyclic antidepressants and headaches: systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and relative adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of migraine, tension-type, and mixed headaches. DESIGN Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Trials Registr...
1190	The amount of publicly available DNA data doubles every 10 months.	[ "30655442" ]	[ "The EMBL nucleotide sequence database.. The EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl. html ) constitutes Europe's primary nucleotide sequence resource. DNA and RNA sequences are directly submitted from researchers and genome sequencing groups and collected from the scientific literature and pat...
1193	The appearance of brown-like or beige cells primarily occurs in visceral fat, not subcutaneous fat.	[ "20532591" ]	[ "Tracking adipogenesis during white adipose tissue development, expansion and regeneration. White adipose tissue displays high plasticity. We developed a system for the inducible, permanent labeling of mature adipocytes that we called the AdipoChaser mouse. We monitored adipogenesis during development, high-fat die...
1195	The artifactual C-terminal helix swapping in the StART domain is observed in the Ups1-Mdm35 heterodimer of the StARkin superfamily.	[ "26283293" ]	[ "Structural and mechanistic insights into phospholipid transfer by Ups1–Mdm35 in mitochondria. Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into membrane-bounded organelles whose functions rely on lipid trafficking to achieve membrane-specific compositions of lipids. Here we focused on the Ups1-Mdm35 system, which mediat...
12	40mg/day dosage of folic acid and 2mg/day dosage of vitamin B12 does not affect chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.	[ "33409100" ]	[ "Effect of homocysteine lowering on mortality and vascular disease in advanced chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: a randomized controlled trial.. CONTEXT High plasma homocysteine levels are a risk factor for mortality and vascular disease in observational studies of patients with chronic kidney dis...
120	Antidepressants reduce the severity of migraines.	[ "14606752" ]	[ "Tricyclic antidepressants and headaches: systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and relative adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of migraine, tension-type, and mixed headaches. DESIGN Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Trials Registr...
1205	The combination of physical examinations with C-reactive protein values do not improve the accuracy of radiographic verified pneumonia predictions.	[ "5558754" ]	[ "Use of serum C reactive protein and procalcitonin concentrations in addition to symptoms and signs to predict pneumonia in patients presenting to primary care with acute cough: diagnostic study. OBJECTIVES To quantify the diagnostic accuracy of selected inflammatory markers in addition to symptoms and signs for pr...
1206	The composition of myosin-II isoform switches from the A isoform to the B isoform during hematopoietic differentiation.	[ "18909530" ]	[ "Contractile forces sustain and polarize hematopoiesis from stem and progenitor cells.. Self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells depend on asymmetric division and polarized motility processes that in other cell types are modulated by nonmuscle myosin-II (MII) forces and matrix mechanics. Here, mass spectromet...
1208	The cytokine receptor which regulates chemotaxis and formation of lymph nodes is involved in production of myeloperoxidase in the left atrium.	[ "10284593" ]	[ "Myeloperoxidase acts as a profibrotic mediator of atrial fibrillation. Observational clinical and ex vivo studies have established a strong association between atrial fibrillation and inflammation. However, whether inflammation is the cause or the consequence of atrial fibrillation and which specific inflammatory ...
1209	The deamination of cytidine to uridine on the minus strand of viral DNA can inactivate the viral genome by inducing G-to-A mutations.	[ "4347374" ]	[ "Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts. Viral replication usually requires that innate intracellular lines of defence be overcome, a task usually accomplished by specialized viral gene products. The virion infectivity factor (Vif) protein of human immun...
121	Antimicrobial agents are less effective due to the pressure of antimicrobial usage.	[ "31460499" ]	[ "Resistance to antimicrobials in humans and animals.. Overusing antibiotics is not the only cause and reducing use is not the only solution W arning signs of antimicrobial resistance, chinks in the antimicrobial armour, began to appear in the middle of the last century, and by the 1990s various reports had signal...
1210	The density of cytokine receptor bearing cells affects the distance over which cytokines act.	[ "4928282" ]	[ "A Tunable Diffusion‐Consumption Mechanism of Cytokine Propagation Enables Plasticity in Cell‐to‐Cell Communication in the Immune System. &NA; Immune cells communicate by exchanging cytokines to achieve a context‐appropriate response, but the distances over which such communication happens are not known. Here, we u...
1211	The density of cytokine receptor bearing cells has no effect on the distance over which cytokines act.	[ "4928282" ]	[ "A Tunable Diffusion‐Consumption Mechanism of Cytokine Propagation Enables Plasticity in Cell‐to‐Cell Communication in the Immune System. &NA; Immune cells communicate by exchanging cytokines to achieve a context‐appropriate response, but the distances over which such communication happens are not known. Here, we u...
1212	The deregulated and prolonged activation of monocytes has deleterious effects in chronic infectious conditions.	[ "6493422", "44724517" ]	[ "The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.. Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense. However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation. Herein, we ident...
1214	The deregulated and prolonged activation of monocytes improves inflammatory disease outcomes.	[ "6493422", "14407673" ]	[ "The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.. Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense. However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation. Herein, we ident...
1215	The effect of Lipopolysaccharides on kidney barrier function is dependent on inflammation levels.	[ "16355392" ]	[ "Modification of kidney barrier function by the urokinase receptor. Podocyte dysfunction, represented by foot process effacement and proteinuria, is often the starting point for progressive kidney disease. Therapies aimed at the cellular level of the disease are currently not available. Here we show that induction ...
1218	The first MBT repeat of the four malignant brain tumor (4MBT) domain of Drosophila's Sfmbt and of the orthologous mammalian L3MBTL2 is required for the interaction with the spacer region of Drosophila's Pleiohomeotic (Pho) or its human ortholog YY1.	[ "15635366" ]	[ "The polycomb group protein L3mbtl2 assembles an atypical PRC1-family complex that is essential in pluripotent stem cells and early development.. L3mbtl2 has been implicated in transcriptional repression and chromatin compaction but its biological function has not been defined. Here we show that disruption of L3mbt...
1219	The gene daf-16, which encodes forkhead Box O (FOXO), is required for all phenotypes associated with reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor (Igf) signaling.	[ "9393969", "14864285" ]	[ "DAF-16/FOXO employs the chromatin remodeller SWI/SNF to promote stress resistance and longevity. Organisms are constantly challenged by stresses and privations and require adaptive responses for their survival. The forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor DAF-16 (hereafter referred to as DAF-16/FOXO) is a centra...
122	Antimicrobial agents are more effective due to the pressure of antimicrobial usage.	[ "31460499" ]	[ "Resistance to antimicrobials in humans and animals.. Overusing antibiotics is not the only cause and reducing use is not the only solution W arning signs of antimicrobial resistance, chinks in the antimicrobial armour, began to appear in the middle of the last century, and by the 1990s various reports had signal...
1220	The generation of reactive oxygen species by activated oncogenes contributes to the increased genomic instability of leukaemia cells.	[ "13023410" ]	[ "BCR/ABL oncogenic kinase promotes unfaithful repair of the reactive oxygen species-dependent DNA double-strand breaks.. The oncogenic BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase induces constitutive DNA damage in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia cells. We find that BCR/ABL-induced reactive oxygen species (ROSs) cause ch...
1223	The innate immune response struggles to remove small numbers of parasites.	[ "5289038" ]	[ "Partitioning regulatory mechanisms of within-host malaria dynamics using the effective propagation number.. Immune clearance and resource limitation (via red blood cell depletion) shape the peaks and troughs of malaria parasitemia, which in turn affect disease severity and transmission. Quantitatively partitioning...
1224	The latent infection of myeloid cells with human cytomegalovirus induces a number of changes in gene expression.	[ "21932050", "34016987" ]	[ "Microarrays for the study of viral gene expression during human cytomegalovirus latent infection.. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the largest known DNA viruses. It is ubiquitous, and following resolution of primary productive infection, it persists in the human host by establishing a lifelong latent infect...
1227	The mean suicide rate in women is higher after miscarriage than live birth.	[ "25641414" ]	[ "Suicides after pregnancy in Finland, 1987-94: register linkage study.. OBJECTIVE To determine rates of suicide associated with pregnancy by the type of pregnancy. DESIGN Register linkage study. Information on suicides in women of reproductive age was linked with the Finnish birth, abortion, and hospital discharge ...
1228	The mean suicide rate in women is lower after miscarriage than live birth.	[ "25641414" ]	[ "Suicides after pregnancy in Finland, 1987-94: register linkage study.. OBJECTIVE To determine rates of suicide associated with pregnancy by the type of pregnancy. DESIGN Register linkage study. Information on suicides in women of reproductive age was linked with the Finnish birth, abortion, and hospital discharge ...
1229	The microtubule-dependent delivery and secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) is partially responsible for the disassembly of adhesion sites.	[ "1676568" ]	[ "CLASPs link focal adhesion-associated microtubule capture to localized exocytosis and adhesion site turnover. Turnover of integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs) with the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for coordinated cell movement. In collectively migrating human keratinocytes, FAs assemble near the leading...
123	Antiretroviral therapy increases rates of tuberculosis across a broad range of CD4 strata.	[ "4883040" ]	[ "Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention of Tuberculosis in Adults with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the strongest risk factor for developing tuberculosis and has fuelled its resurgence, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2010, there were an ...
1230	The minor G allele of FOXO3 downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines.	[ "13905670" ]	[ "Human SNP Links Differential Outcomes in Inflammatory and Infectious Disease to a FOXO3-Regulated Pathway. The clinical course and eventual outcome, or prognosis, of complex diseases varies enormously between affected individuals. This variability critically determines the impact a disease has on a patient's life ...
1231	The minor G allele of FOXO3 is related to less severe symptoms of Crohn's Disease.	[ "13905670" ]	[ "Human SNP Links Differential Outcomes in Inflammatory and Infectious Disease to a FOXO3-Regulated Pathway. The clinical course and eventual outcome, or prognosis, of complex diseases varies enormously between affected individuals. This variability critically determines the impact a disease has on a patient's life ...
1234	The minor G allele of FOXO3 up-regulates IL-10.	[ "13905670" ]	[ "Human SNP Links Differential Outcomes in Inflammatory and Infectious Disease to a FOXO3-Regulated Pathway. The clinical course and eventual outcome, or prognosis, of complex diseases varies enormously between affected individuals. This variability critically determines the impact a disease has on a patient's life ...
1235	The morphology change from large white adipocytes to small brown adipocytes is a sign of decreased energy expenditure potential in white adipose tissue.	[ "17973161" ]	[ "Human ‘brite / beige’ adipocytes develop from capillary networks and their implantation improves metabolic homeostasis in mice. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue, where it generates heat by uncoupling electron transport from ATP production. UCP1 is also found outside classical...
1236	The morphology change from large white adipocytes to small brown adipocytes is a sign of increased energy expenditure potential in white adipose tissue.	[ "17973161" ]	[ "Human ‘brite / beige’ adipocytes develop from capillary networks and their implantation improves metabolic homeostasis in mice. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue, where it generates heat by uncoupling electron transport from ATP production. UCP1 is also found outside classical...
1237	The most prevalent adverse events to Semaglutide are cardiovascular.	[ "3654468" ]	[ "Effect of Oral Semaglutide Compared With Placebo and Subcutaneous Semaglutide on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Importance Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are effective therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and are all currently available ...
1238	The most prevalent adverse events to Semaglutide are gastrointestinal.	[ "3654468" ]	[ "Effect of Oral Semaglutide Compared With Placebo and Subcutaneous Semaglutide on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Importance Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are effective therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and are all currently available ...
1239	The myocardial cell lineage originally develops from cardiac progenitors of exclusively endodermal origin.	[ "21387297", "4427392" ]	[ "Production of de novo cardiomyocytes: human pluripotent stem cell differentiation and direct reprogramming.. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The limited capability of heart tissue to regenerate has prompted methodological developments for creating de novo cardiomyocytes, both in vitro...
1244	The number of unfertilized oocytes in mated hermaphrodites increases with age.	[ "18949516" ]	[ "TGF-β and Insulin Signaling Regulate Reproductive Aging via Oocyte and Germline Quality Maintenance. Reproductive cessation is perhaps the earliest aging phenotype that humans experience. Similarly, reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans ceases in mid-adulthood. Although somatic aging has been studied in both worm...
1246	The one-child policy has created a hospitable environment for female infants.	[ "7662395" ]	[ "Perinatal mortality in rural China: retrospective cohort study.. OBJECTIVES To explore the use of local civil registration data to assess the perinatal mortality in a typical rural county in a less developed province in China, 1999-2000. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Pregnancies in a cohort of women followed ...
1247	The origin of the CRF01_1b2k protein occurred between 1923 and 1956.	[ "5114282" ]	[ "The Global Spread of Hepatitis C Virus 1a and 1b: A Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Analysis. BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect 130-180 million people worldwide. Although its origin is unknown, patterns of viral diversity suggest that HCV genotype 1 probably originated from West Africa. Pr...
1248	The peak incidence of fractures occurs during pubertal growth spurt in early adolescents.	[ "7209559" ]	[ "Incidence of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: a population-based study.. CONTEXT The incidence of distal forearm fractures in children peaks around the time of the pubertal growth spurt, possibly because physical activity increases at the time of a transient deficit in cortical bone mass due to th...
1249	The peak incidence of fractures occurs in toddlers.	[ "7209559" ]	[ "Incidence of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: a population-based study.. CONTEXT The incidence of distal forearm fractures in children peaks around the time of the pubertal growth spurt, possibly because physical activity increases at the time of a transient deficit in cortical bone mass due to th...
1253	The predominant localization of Linc00173 is in mononuclear macrophage nuclei.	[ "3321943" ]	[ "The non-coding RNA landscape of human hematopoiesis and leukemia. Non-coding RNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and cell fate decisions. However, their expression patterns and regulatory functions during normal and malignant human hematopoiesis are incompletely understood. Here we present a...
1254	The proliferative capacity of neural progenitors differs across species.	[ "16939583" ]	[ "2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size.. Variation in cerebral cortex size and complexity is thought to contribute to differences in cognitive ability between humans and other animals. Here we compare cortic...
1255	The proliferative capacity of progenitors is regulated cell-autonomously.	[ "16939583" ]	[ "2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size.. Variation in cerebral cortex size and complexity is thought to contribute to differences in cognitive ability between humans and other animals. Here we compare cortic...
1257	The proportion of people with visual difficulty is two times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries.	[ "581832" ]	[ "Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. BACKGROUND Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary ...
1258	The recruitment of Wdr5 to its target loci depends on Kat8.	[ "12040627" ]	[ "The histone acetyltransferase MOF is a key regulator of the embryonic stem cell core transcriptional network.. Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) maintain self-renewal and the potential for rapid response to differentiation cues. Both ESC features are subject to epigenetic regulation. Here we show that the hi...
126	Approximately 250,000 people are infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in the United Kingdom.	[ "24512064" ]	[ "HTLV-I/II associated disease in England and Wales, 1993-7: retrospective review of serology requests.. Apart from HIV two exogenous retroviruses (human T cell leukaemia viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II)) infect humans. HTLV-I infection is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, Africa, and Melanesia and is fo...
1260	The relationship between a breast cancer patient's capacity to metabolize tamoxifen and treatment outcome is independent of the patient's genetic make-up.	[ "24341590" ]	[ "Association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and outcomes among women with early stage breast cancer treated with tamoxifen.. CONTEXT The growth inhibitory effect of tamoxifen, which is used for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, is mediated by its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen. ...
1261	The removal of reactive oxygen species by activated oncogenes contributes to the increased genomic instability of leukaemia cells.	[ "13023410" ]	[ "BCR/ABL oncogenic kinase promotes unfaithful repair of the reactive oxygen species-dependent DNA double-strand breaks.. The oncogenic BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase induces constitutive DNA damage in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia cells. We find that BCR/ABL-induced reactive oxygen species (ROSs) cause ch...
1263	The repeat-variable diresidue (RVD) in the loop of Transcription-Activator Like (TAL) effectors specifies the nucleotides-amino acid contact at the target promoter element.	[ "3981729" ]	[ "Structural basis for sequence-specific recognition of DNA by TAL effectors.. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors, secreted by phytopathogenic bacteria, recognize host DNA sequences through a central domain of tandem repeats. Each repeat comprises 33 to 35 conserved amino acids and targets a specific base ...
1265	The risk of breast cancer among parous women decreases with placental weight of pregnancies.	[ "37480103" ]	[ "Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer.. CONTEXT During pregnancy, serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones are markedly higher than during other periods of life. Pregnancy hormones primarily are produced in the placenta, and signs of placental impairment may serve as indire...
1268	The risk of cancer rises with level of alcohol consumption.	[ "52072815" ]	[ "Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Summary Background Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of ...
1269	The risk of female prisoners harming themselves is ten times that of male prisoners.	[ "13900610" ]	[ "Self-harm in prisons in England and Wales: an epidemiological study of prevalence, risk factors, clustering, and subsequent suicide. BACKGROUND Self-harm and suicide are common in prisoners, yet robust information on the full extent and characteristics of people at risk of self-harm is scant. Furthermore, understa...
1275	The tip of the inner tube of the toxic type VI secretion system (T6SS) antibacterial effector in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is decorated with VgrG and PAAR proteins.	[ "27731651" ]	[ "A view to a kill: the bacterial type VI secretion system.. The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an organelle that is structurally and mechanistically analogous to an intracellular membrane-attached contractile phage tail. Recent studies determined that a rapid conformational change in the structure of ...
1276	The tissue surrounding the granuloma in an immune cell induces an anti-inflammatory immune response.	[ "3475317" ]	[ "Inflammatory signaling in human Tuberculosis granulomas is spatially organized. Granulomas are the pathological hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). However, their function and mechanisms of formation remain poorly understood. To understand the role of granulomas in TB, we analyzed the proteomes of granulomas from subje...
1284	Therapeutics receiving accelerated approval encounter a lower frequency of post-marketing safety events	[ "3578380" ]	[ "Postmarket Safety Events Among Novel Therapeutics Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Between 2001 and 2010. Importance Postmarket safety events of novel pharmaceuticals and biologics occur when new safety risks are identified after initial regulatory approval of these therapeutics. These safety events...
1288	There is a positive correlation between hip fractures and statin use.	[ "4687948" ]	[ "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly patients.. CONTEXT Recent animal studies have found that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) lipid-lowering drugs (statins) substantially increase bone formation, but whether statin use in humans results in clinically meaningful bone...
1289	There is a relation between Erythromycin use and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.	[ "21239672" ]	[ "Use of macrolides in mother and child and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: nationwide cohort study. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between use of macrolide antibiotics in mothers and infants from pregnancy onset until 120 days after birth and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). DES...
1291	There is no association between HNF4A mutations and diabetes risks.	[ "56893404" ]	[ "Macrosomia and Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Heterozygous Mutations in the HNF4A Gene. Background Macrosomia is associated with considerable neonatal and maternal morbidity. Factors that predict macrosomia are poorly understood. The increased rate of macrosomia in the offspring of pregnant wome...
1293	There is no increased risk of hypospadias with clomiphene.	[ "43329366" ]	[ "Use of clomifene during early pregnancy and risk of hypospadias: population based case-control study.. Clomifene is widely used for inducing ovulation.1 It is structurally related to diethylstilbestrol, which has been linked to vaginal and cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma in women exposed in utero. The adverse e...
1294	There is no known interaction between Pioneer factor OCT3/4 and major chromatin remodeling factors.	[ "2078658", "30507607" ]	[ "Oct4 links multiple epigenetic pathways to the pluripotency network. Oct4 is a well-known transcription factor that plays fundamental roles in stem cell self-renewal, pluripotency, and somatic cell reprogramming. However, limited information is available on Oct4-associated protein complexes and their intrinsic pro...
1295	There is no relation between Erythromycin use and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.	[ "21239672" ]	[ "Use of macrolides in mother and child and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: nationwide cohort study. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between use of macrolide antibiotics in mothers and infants from pregnancy onset until 120 days after birth and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). DES...
1297	There was an estimated 30 million cases of pneumonia in young children worldwide in 2010.	[ "9167230" ]	[ "Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis. BACKGROUND The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown...
1300	Thiopurine active metabolites can be catabolized through dephosphorylation of thioguanine nucleotides.	[ "6421792" ]	[ "Activating mutations in the NT5C2 nucleotidase gene drive chemotherapy resistance in relapsed ALL. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematological tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of lymphoid progenitors. Despite intensive chemotherapy, 20% of pediatric patients and over 50% of a...
1302	Tirasemtiv has no effect on cardiac muscle.	[ "12631697" ]	[ "Activation of fast skeletal muscle troponin as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuromuscular diseases. Limited neural input results in muscle weakness in neuromuscular disease because of a reduction in the density of muscle innervation, the rate of neuromuscular junction activation or the efficiency ...
1304	Tirasemtiv targets cardiac muscle.	[ "12631697" ]	[ "Activation of fast skeletal muscle troponin as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuromuscular diseases. Limited neural input results in muscle weakness in neuromuscular disease because of a reduction in the density of muscle innervation, the rate of neuromuscular junction activation or the efficiency ...
1305	Tirasemtiv targets fast-twitch muscle.	[ "12631697" ]	[ "Activation of fast skeletal muscle troponin as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuromuscular diseases. Limited neural input results in muscle weakness in neuromuscular disease because of a reduction in the density of muscle innervation, the rate of neuromuscular junction activation or the efficiency ...
1306	Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of human MDS.	[ "6000423", "5836" ]	[ "The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a driver of the myelodysplastic syndrome phenotype.. Despite genetic heterogeneity, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) share features of cytological dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis. We report that a hallmark of MDSs is activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which drives clo...
1307	Tonic signaling from the scFv induces constitutive stimulation.	[ "18231807" ]	[ "4-1BB Costimulation Ameliorates T Cell Exhaustion Induced by Tonic Signaling of Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have mediated dramatic antitumor responses in hematologic malignancies, but tumor regression has rarely occurred using CARs targeting other antigens. It remai...
1308	Tonic signaling from the scFv is amplified by MyD88/CD40.	[ "18231807" ]	[ "4-1BB Costimulation Ameliorates T Cell Exhaustion Induced by Tonic Signaling of Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have mediated dramatic antitumor responses in hematologic malignancies, but tumor regression has rarely occurred using CARs targeting other antigens. It remai...
1309	Tonic signaling from the scFv prevents constitutive stimulation.	[ "18231807" ]	[ "4-1BB Costimulation Ameliorates T Cell Exhaustion Induced by Tonic Signaling of Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have mediated dramatic antitumor responses in hematologic malignancies, but tumor regression has rarely occurred using CARs targeting other antigens. It remai...
1310	Traditional reviews are biased in their interpretations.	[ "8042158" ]	[ "Systematic reviews from astronomy to zoology: myths and misconceptions.. Systematic literature reviews are widely used as an aid to evidence based decision making. For example, reviews of randomised controlled trials are regularly used to answer questions about the effectiveness of healthcare interventions. The hi...
1311	Trans-acting factors, such as lncRNAs, influence mRNA translation.	[ "13763195" ]	[ "LincRNA-p21 suppresses target mRNA translation.. Mammalian long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are best known for modulating transcription. Here we report a posttranscriptional function for lincRNA-p21 as a modulator of translation. Association of the RNA-binding protein HuR with lincRNA-p21 favored the recr...
1312	Transcription factor EB induces transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages infected with Staphylococcus aureus.	[ "24177706" ]	[ "Innate host defense requires TFEB-mediated transcription of cytoprotective and antimicrobial genes.. Animal host defense against infection requires the expression of defense genes at the right place and the right time. Understanding such tight control of host defense requires the elucidation of the transcription f...
1314	Transcription rates in S. cerevisiae range between 0.7 and 2 kb/min.	[ "13072112", "16237005" ]	[ "Distinction and relationship between elongation rate and processivity of RNA polymerase II in vivo.. A number of proteins and drugs have been implicated in the process of transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase (Pol) II, but the factors that govern the elongation rate (nucleotide additions per min) and proces...
1315	Transcription rates in S. cerevisiae range between 7 and 12 kb/min.	[ "13072112", "16237005" ]	[ "Distinction and relationship between elongation rate and processivity of RNA polymerase II in vivo.. A number of proteins and drugs have been implicated in the process of transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase (Pol) II, but the factors that govern the elongation rate (nucleotide additions per min) and proces...
1322	Transplanted human glial progenitor cells can mature in their host animal.	[ "16284655" ]	[ "Forebrain engraftment by human glial progenitor cells enhances synaptic plasticity and learning in adult mice.. Human astrocytes are larger and more complex than those of infraprimate mammals, suggesting that their role in neural processing has expanded with evolution. To assess the cell-autonomous and species-sel...
1323	Treatment with a protein named FN impairs regenerative abilities of aged muscles.	[ "19912367" ]	[ "Loss of fibronectin from the aged stem cell niche affects the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in mice. Age-related changes in the niche have long been postulated to impair the function of somatic stem cells. Here we demonstrate that the aged stem cell niche in skeletal muscle contains substantially reduce...

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