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Structural Stability of Optofluidic Nanostructures in Flow-Through Operation | Optofluidic sensors based on periodic arrays of subwavelength apertures that support surface plasmon resonance can be employed as both optical sensors and nanofluidic structures. In flow-through operation, the nanoapertures experience pressure differences across the substrate in which they are fabricated, which imposes... |
Chapter 4 The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus respiratory infection: an emerging infection from the arabian peninsula | Abstract Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially isolated from a patient who was admitted to a private hospital in the Western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Subsequently, MERS-CoV resulted in many sporadic cases, multiple intrafamilial transmission, and major outbreaks in he... |
Detection of the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Carrying the K-15E, P83S and Q293H Mutations in Patients Who Have Undergone Bone Marrow Transplant | The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus emerged and caused considerable morbidity and mortality in the third world, especially in Brazil. Although circulating strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 are A/California/04/2009-like (CA-04-like) viruses, various studies have suggested that some mutations in the viral hemagglutinin ... |
Prognostic Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: A Clinical Analysis of 165 Cases | This study analyzes single factors that affect the prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and establishes a prognosis model by multivariate analysis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of SARS in 165 clinically confirmed severe cases. Both age and existence of other diseases before SARS we... |
Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) | |
Controversies in the management of acute tonsillitis: an evidence‐based review | BACKGROUND: Patients admitted with acute tonsillitis generate a substantial workload for the National Health Service (NHS), placing huge financial pressures on an already overstretched budget. OBJECTIVE OF REVIEW: Due to the difficulty of accurate diagnosis and varying practices across the UK, there exist a number of c... |
Porcine Anti-viral Immunity: How Important Is It? | Pork has become the number one meat consumed worldwide. Meeting the demand for pork has forced the revolution of swine production from traditional husbandry practices that involved a few pigs or small herds to intensive concentration of swine raised in multisite production systems. This dramatic change has made the pro... |
The Dual Role of TNF in Pulmonary Edema | —Pulmonary edema, a major manifestation of left ventricular heart failure, renal insufficiency, shock, diffuse alveolar damage and lung hypersensitivity states, is a significant medical problem worldwide and can be life-threatening. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to contribute t... |
Is physiotherapy ready for the management of COVID‐19 in Africa? – Snippets of anecdotal evidences in two African countries | |
Lack of cross-protection against Mycoplasma haemofelis infection and signs of enhancement in “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis”-recovered cats | “Mycoplasma haemofelis” and “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” are feline hemoplasmas that induce hemolytic anemia. Protection from homologous re-challenge was recently demonstrated in cats recovered from primary infection. Here, we determined if cats recovered from “Cand. M. turicensis” infection were protected agains... |
A Proposal for Staging COVID‐19 Coagulopathy | COVID‐19 is associated with significant hypercoagulability. However, despite prophylactic anticoagulation, critically‐ill patients with this condition develop thromboses. This forum discusses the lungs as the epicentre for the haemostatic issues, put forwards a proposal for staging COVID‐19 coagulopathy based on availa... |
Chapter 26 The Molecular Libraries Screening Center Network (MLSCN): Identifying Chemical Probes of Biological Systems | Publisher Summary The NIH Molecular Libraries Screening Center Network (MLSCN) is a subset of the Molecular Libraries Initiative (MLI) component of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. The ultimate goal of the MLSCN and the MLI is to expand the availability, flexibility, and use of small-molecule chemical probes for b... |
Biological Materials: The Next Frontier for Cell-Free Synthetic Biology | Advancements in cell-free synthetic biology are enabling innovations in sustainable biomanufacturing, that may ultimately shift the global manufacturing paradigm toward localized and ecologically harmonized production processes. Cell-free synthetic biology strategies have been developed for the bioproduction of fine ch... |
Synthesis, modification and docking studies of 5-sulfonyl isatin derivatives as SARS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors | Abstract The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a serious life-threatening and strikingly mortal respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV which contains a chymotrypsin-like main protease analogous to that of the main picornavirus protease, 3CLpro. 3CLpro plays a pivotal role in the viral replication cy... |
The small envelope protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus possesses ion channel protein-like properties | Abstract The small envelope (E) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a hydrophobic 73 amino acid protein encoded in the internal open reading frame (ORF) of the bicistronic mRNA2. As a first step towards understanding the biological role of E protein during PRRSV replication, E gene... |
Integration of virtual and physical screening | High-throughput screening (HTS) represents the dominant technique for the identification of new lead compounds in current drug discovery. It consists of physical screening (PS) of large libraries of chemicals against one or more specific biological targets. Virtual screening (VS) is a strategy for in silico evaluation ... |
COVID-19 in Puerto Rico: Perspective from an Internal Medicine Resident Physician | |
Binding interactions of niclosamide with serum proteins | Abstract A study of the binding of niclosamide (NC) to serum proteins such as human serum albumin, hemoglobin, and globulin was carried out using fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopy. Interactions between NC and these proteins were estimated by Stern–Volmer and van't Hoff equations. The binding constants and the th... |
Invited Commentary on the letter "The COVID-19 crisis: A unique opportunity to expand dermatology to underserved populations." | |
Managing Healthcare Worker Wellbeing in an Australian Emergency Department during The COVID‐19 Pandemic | |
Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients | Background: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is associated with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. Assays to detect virus-specific antibodies are important to understand the prevalence of infection and the course of the immune response. Methodology: Quantitative measurements of pl... |
Safety and efficacy of a modified-live canine coronavirus vaccine in dogs | Abstract The safety and the efficacy of a modified-live (ML) canine coronavirus (CCoV) vaccine strain 257/98-3c was evaluated in 14 dogs seronegative and virus negative for CCoV. For the safety test, four dogs were inoculated, two by intramuscular and two by oronasal route, with 10 times the vaccinal dose. During the o... |
Perspectives on challenges and opportunities for birth defects surveillance programs during and after the COVID‐19 era | In recent months, various public health measures have been implemented throughout the world in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This outbreak, and the subsequent containment policies, may have a range of potential short‐ and long‐term impacts on the monitoring and surveillance of other cond... |
Human coronavirus NL63 infections in infants hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections in South Africa | Background Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV‐NL63) is a novel respiratory virus which is associated with respiratory tract infections in children. Objective To determine the role of HCoV‐NL63 in infants and young children hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods Respirat... |
High-Dose Mannose-Binding Lectin Therapy for Ebola Virus Infection | Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) targets diverse microorganisms for phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis by binding specific surface glycans. Although recombinant human MBL (rhMBL) trials have focused on reconstitution therapy, safety studies have identified no barriers to its use at higher levels. Ebola viruses caus... |
Metallo-β-lactamase 1 - why blame New Delhi & India? | |
Comparative pathology of pigs infected with Korean H1N1, H1N2, or H3N2 swine influenza A viruses | BACKGROUND: The predominant subtypes of swine influenza A virus (SIV) in Korea swine population are H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. The viruses are genetically close to the classical U.S. H1N1 and triple-reassortant H1N2 and H3N2 viruses, respectively. Comparative pathogenesis caused by Korean H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 SIV was evalua... |
Clinical practice of respiratory virus diagnostics in critically ill patients with a suspected pneumonia: A prospective observational study | Abstract Background Clinical guidelines suggest testing for respiratory viruses during the influenza season, but are unclear which categories of patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) should be tested. Objective We described the clinical practice of diagnostic testing for respiratory virus infections in patients pre... |
Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019 | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has recently spread worldwide and been declared a pandemic. We aim to describe here the various clinical presentations of this disease by examining eleven cases. METH... |
Chapter 3 Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Poultry: Molecular Epidemiology and Factors Leading to the Emergence and Reemergence of Novel Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus | Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus that causes an acute and highly contagious disease in chickens. The virus can cause substantial economic losses throughout the poultry industry worldwide. It can affect the upper respiratory tract and the reproductive tract, and some strains can cause nephriti... |
Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution | Humans are genetically very similar to “great apes”, (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans), our closest evolutionary relatives. We have discovered multiple genetic and biochemical differences between humans and these other hominids, in relation to sialic acids and in Siglecs (Sia-recognizing Ig superfamily le... |
Experimental and theoretical studies of solvent effects on the hydrogen bonds in homoconjugated cations of substituted 4-halo (Cl,Br) pyridine N-oxide derivatives | Abstract Hydrogen bond OHO-type bridges formed between six substituted 4-halo (Cl,Br) pyridine N-oxide systems and their simple cations have been investigated by using the potentiometric titration method. The formation constants of these complexes (expressed as lg K BHB + ) have been determined in two non-aqueous aprot... |
COVID-19: la vulnerabilidad en el ojo del huracán | |
Climate Change and Human Health Impacts in the United States: An Update on the Results of the U.S. National Assessment | The health sector component of the first U.S. National Assessment, published in 2000, synthesized the anticipated health impacts of climate variability and change for five categories of health outcomes: impacts attributable to temperature, extreme weather events (e.g., storms and floods), air pollution, water- and food... |
NEUROVIRULENCE AND PERSISTENCY OF MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUSES IN RATS 1 1 Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Hertie-Stiftung | ABSTRACT The murine coronavirus JHM induces in weanling rats different types of central nervous diseases ranging from an acute panencephalitis to a late demyelinating encephalomyelitis. The occurrence and rate of these different disease types is associated with the virus variant used for inoculation. Except for MHV 2, ... |
Identification of TMPRSS2 as a Susceptibility Gene for Severe 2009 Pandemic A(H1N1) Influenza and A(H7N9) Influenza | The genetic predisposition to severe A(H1N1)2009 (A[H1N1]pdm09) influenza was evaluated in 409 patients, including 162 cases with severe infection and 247 controls with mild infection. We prioritized candidate variants based on the result of a pilot genome-wide association study and a lung expression quantitative trait... |
Respuesta a “Documento de consenso de la traqueotomía en pacientes con COVID 19” | |
Autologous Antibody Capture to Enrich Immunogenic Viruses for Viral Discovery | Discovery of new viruses has been boosted by novel deep sequencing technologies. Currently, many viruses can be identified by sequencing without knowledge of the pathogenicity of the virus. However, attributing the presence of a virus in patient material to a disease in the patient can be a challenge. One approach to m... |
Lessons from a pandemic on practices versus products in agriculture | |
Opportunistic and fungal infections of the lung | Abstract Opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients, such as those receiving chemotherapy or with haematological malignancy, aplastic anaemia or HIV infection, or recipients of solid-organ or stem cell transplants. In addition, the increasing use of biol... |
Proteolytic activation of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein: Cutting enzymes at the cutting edge of antiviral research | The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic revealed that zoonotic transmission of animal coronaviruses (CoV) to humans poses a significant threat to public health and warrants surveillance and the development of countermeasures. The activity of host cell proteases, which cleave and activate the SARS-CoV spik... |
Interdisciplinarity and Infectious Diseases: An Ebola Case Study | |
Pathology of the Exotic Companion Mammal Gastrointestinal System | A variety of disease agents can affect the gastrointestinal tract of the exotic companion mammal, some of which can pose zoonotic health concerns. Many conditions present with nonspecific clinical signs (lethargy, variable degrees of diarrhea, and for most sick rodents, presenting hunched with spiky fur), necessitating... |
Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis | COVID-19 has now spread to all parts of the world and almost all countries are battling against it. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as “Integrated Medicine”) to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched six major ... |
Impact of building ventilation systems and habitual indoor incense burning on SARS-CoV-2 virus transmissions in Middle Eastern countries | Abstract Majority of countries across the globe have employed improving building ventilation, quarantine, social distancing, and disinfections as a general measure of preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus transmissions. However, arid Middle Eastern countries with hot climate (elevated outdoor temperature and humidity levels) are... |
Emergence of a group 3 coronavirus through recombination | Abstract Analyses of turkey coronavirus (TCoV), an enteric disease virus that is highly similar to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) an upper-respiratory tract disease virus in chickens, were conducted to determine the adaptive potential, and genetic changes associated with emergence of this group 3 coronavirus. Strain... |
Analytical performance of the Alere™ i Influenza A&B assay for the rapid detection of influenza viruses | The analytical performance of the new Alere™ i Influenza A&B kit (AL-Flu) assay, based on isothermal nucleic acids amplification, was evaluated and compared with an antigen detection method, SD Bioline Influenza Virus Antigen Test (SDB), and an automated real-time RT-PCR, Simplexa™ Flu A/B & VRS Direct assay (SPX), for... |
Identifying potential undocumented COVID-19 using publicly reported influenza-like-illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza disease in the United States: An approach to syndromic surveillance? | In the absence of widespread testing, syndromic surveillance approaches may be useful for understanding potential undocumented COVID-19 in the United States. We used publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FluView Interactive to evaluate its potential for COVID-19 syndromic surveilla... |
Antiviral activities of mycophenolic acid and IMD‐0354 against SARS‐CoV‐2 | In this study, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and IMD‐0354 was analyzed, these compounds were chosen based on their antiviral activities against other coronaviruses. Since they also inhibit Dengue virus (DENV) infection, other anti‐DENV compounds/drugs were also assessed. Using SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected ... |
Could injured skin be a reservoir for SARS-COV2 virus spread? | Abstract The current corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak which is caused by SARS-COV2 is still expanding. The authors tried to focus a spotlight on the injured skin as a reservoir of SARS-COV2 to decrease the infection rate. |
Estimating Absolute and Relative Case Fatality Ratios from Infectious Disease Surveillance Data | Knowing which populations are most at risk for severe outcomes from an emerging infectious disease is crucial in deciding the optimal allocation of resources during an outbreak response. The case fatality ratio (CFR) is the fraction of cases that die after contracting a disease. The relative CFR is the factor by which ... |
Aminopeptidase N is a major receptor for the enteropathogenic coronavirus TGEV | CORONAVIRUSES, like many animal viruses, are characterized by a restricted host range and tissue tropism(1). Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a major pathogen causing a fatal diarrhoea in newborn pig, replicates selectively in the differentiated enterocytes covering the villi of the small intestine(2). To in... |
Impact of small-N studies during a pandemic | |
System-wide health-care shocks and regulatory interventions in the face of the emergency: are there some lessons to be learned from the COVID-19 crisis? | |
Peritoneal Macrophages of Pathogen‐Free Rats but not of Conventional Rats Secrete Elastolytic Activity | Elicited peritoneal macrophages from Sprague‐Dawley rats conventionally bred and housed failed, as we have reported, to produce detectable elastolytic activity in culture. They did produce lysozyme and plasminogen activator. We now show that in contrast to these cells, macrophages from pathogen‐free, barrier‐sustained ... |
COVID-19 in Italy: considerations on official data | Abstract COVID-19 represents a major public health issue in Italy; estimating the size of the outbreak could direct public health policies and inform us on the extent of the reorganization needed in the healthcare system, on the efficacy of quarantine measures and eventually on the achievement of herd immunity. In orde... |
Pseudorabies virus induces apoptosis in tissue culture cells | The process of cell death as a result of exposure to pseudorabies virus (PRV) in cultured cells was examined and specific features characteristic of apoptosis were observed. At early times of infection, externalization of membrane phospholipid phophatidylserine was detected by flow cytometry analysis. During the infect... |
Changes in mRNA abundance drive shuttling of RNA binding proteins, linking cytoplasmic RNA degradation to transcription | Alterations in global mRNA decay broadly impact multiple stages of gene expression, although signals that connect these processes are incompletely defined. Here, we used tandem mass tag labeling coupled with mass spectrometry to reveal that changing the mRNA decay landscape, as frequently occurs during viral infection,... |
Pneumonia and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine | Pneumonia is an inflammatory disease of the lung, responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms. Streptococcus pneumoniae, a gram-positive bacterium with over 90 serotypes, is the most common causative agent. Moreover, comorbid factors includin... |
Loneliness at epidemic levels in America | |
Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of 3 Early Cases of Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection, People’s Republic of China, 2009 | On May 7, 2009, a national network was organized in the People’s Republic of China for the surveillance, reporting, diagnosis, and treatment of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection (pandemic [H1N1] 2009). Persons with suspected cases are required to report to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Preve... |
Chapter 9 Nutritional Care of the Child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States A Historical and Contemporary Perspective | In well-resourced settings, early infant diagnosis and administration of life-saving antiretrovirals (ARVs) have significantly improved clinical outcomes in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The dramatic increase in survival rates is associated with enhancements in overall quality of life, which r... |
The development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varizella zoster virus, adenovirus and Chlamydia trachomatis from eye swabs | Abstract Infectious conjunctivitis can be difficult to distinguish clinically due to the considerable overlap in clinical presentation so clinical diagnosis of conjunctivitis is often insufficient. It is therefore necessary to have a rapid diagnostic test that differentiates between the different causes of infectious c... |
CD4–CD8-T cells contribute to the persistence of viral hepatitis by striking a delicate balance in immune modulation | Abstract Viral hepatitis remains the most common cause of liver disease and a major public health problem. Here, we focus on the role of CD4 CD8 double negative T (DN T) cells involved in the mechanisms of viral persistence in hepatitis. C3H/HeJ mice infected with murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3) were used to di... |
Genomic analysis of emerging pathogens: methods, application and future trends | The number of emerging infectious diseases is increasing. Characterizing novel or re-emerging infections is aided by the availability of pathogen genomes. In this review, we evaluate methods that exploit pathogen sequences and the contribution of genomic analysis to understand the epidemiology of recently emerged infec... |
Safety and efficacy of an attenuated Chinese QX-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a candidate vaccine | Abstract Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory and urogenital disease of chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). This disease is of considerable economic importance and is primarily controlled through biosecurity and immunization with live attenuated and inactivated IB vaccines of ... |
SARS‐CoV‐2 and Guillain‐Barré syndrome: AIDP variant with favorable outcome | The entire world has been experiencing the outbreak of a novel infectious agent known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19)(1). Life‐threatening complications described in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients include acute respiratory di... |
Influenza in Africa | Maria Yazdanbakhsh and Peter Kremsner argue that there needs to be better awareness, surveillance, and clinical management of common febrile diseases in Africa, especially influenza. |
Low prevalence of arrhythmias in clinically stable COVID‐19 patients | |
Ruxolitinib for tocilizumab‐refractory severe COVID‐19 infection | Whilst the majority of patients with COVID‐19 infection have mild self‐limiting symptoms, for some the SARS‐CoV2 virus can trigger a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome which is life threatening. Anti‐IL6 therapy has shown promise in restraining the hyperinflammatory syndrome and while IL‐6 is a pleiotropic mediatory of ... |
Viral and atypical respiratory co‐infections in COVID‐19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis | OBJECTIVES: Respiratory co‐infections have the potential to affect the diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19 patients. This meta‐analysis was performed to analyze the prevalence of respiratory pathogens (viruses and atypical bacteria) in COVID‐19 patients. METHODS: This review was consistent with Preferred Reporting Item... |
Biting back against rabies | World Rabies Day, on 28 September, focuses our attention on a horrific, preventable disease that still kills tens of thousands of people each year. |
COVID-19 & Antiepileptic Drugs: Should We Pay Attention? | |
Human genome research in China | Significant progress in human genome research has been made in China since 1994. This review aims to give a brief and incomplete introduction to the major research institutions and their achievements in human genome sequencing and functional genomics in medicine, with emphasis on the “1% Sequencing Project”, the genera... |
Future vaccines for a globalized world | |
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine, age and gender relation to COVID-19 spread and mortality | Abstract COVID-19 is affecting different countries all over the world with great variation in infection rate and death ratio. Some reports suggested a relation between the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and the malaria treatment to the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some reports related infant's lower susc... |
Comprehensive detection of causative pathogens using real-time PCR to diagnose pediatric community-acquired pneumonia | Abstract We have developed a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) method to detect 13 respiratory viruses: influenza virus A and B; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A and B; parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1, 2, and 3; adenovirus; rhinovirus (RV); enterovirus; coronavirus (OC43); human metapneumovirus (hMPV... |
Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms | OBJECTIVE: The SARS-CoV-2-infected disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Previous studies mainly focused on Wuhan and typical symptoms. We analysed 74 confirmed COVID-19 cases with GI symptoms in the Zhejiang province to determine epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics. DESIG... |
Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak | |
Acute At Home Management of Anaphylaxis During The Covid-19 Pandemic | |
Investigation of COVID-19 cases and use of serological tests | |
CLUE: COVID‐19 Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Department. | |
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds heparan sulfate in a length- and sequence-dependent manner | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing an unprecedented global pandemic demanding the urgent development of therapeutic strategies. Microarray binding experiments using an extensive heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide library showed the spike of SARS-CoV-2 can bind HS in a leng... |
Emergency Department Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic | Abstract Background Emergency Departments (EDs) need to be prepared to manage crises and disasters in both the short and long term. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a rapid overhaul of several aspects of ED operations in preparation for a sustained response. Objective of the Review:We present the management of th... |
Mechanisms of viral emergence | A number of virologic and environmental factors are involved in the emergence and re-emergence of viral disease. Viruses do not conservatively occupy a single and permanent ecological niche. Rather, due to their intrinsic capacity for genetic change, and to the evolvability of fitness levels, viruses display a potentia... |
Assessing resilience of healthcare infrastructure exposed to COVID-19: emerging risks, resilience indicators, interdependencies and international standards | In the moment of preparation of this paper, the world is still globally in grip of the Corona (COVID-19) crisis, and the need to understand the broader overall framework of the crisis increases. As in similar cases in the past, also with this one, the main interest is on the “first response”. Fully appreciating the eff... |
Enhancement of the immunogenicity of an infectious bronchitis virus DNA vaccine by a bicistronic plasmid encoding nucleocapsid protein and interleukin-2 | Abstract A DNA vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) can induce specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, compared to conventional vaccines, DNA vaccines usually induce poor antibody responses. To develop a more potent IBV DNA vaccine formulations, a monocistronic vector encoding the nucleocapsi... |
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. This commentary specifically addresses best ways to protect our hospitals against COVID-19. |
Teledentistry during COVID-19 pandemic | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dentistry involve close face-to-face interaction with patients, hence during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has mostly been suspended. Teledentistry can offer an innovative solution to resume dental practice during this pandemic. In this review, we provide a brief overview of applications of teledentist... |
The Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease of Different Severities in Shanghai, China, 2010 | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systemic upregulation of inflammatory cytokines is characteristic of critical severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with pulmonary edema. Thus, immunomodulatory medicines such as steroids, including methylprednisolone, have been proposed to treat patients with severe HFMD in China, because... |
COVID-19 guidance in chronic diseases: a need to reach across the borders of the traditional medical specialities | |
Chapter 15 Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly | Summary This chapter provides an approach to the diagnosis, causes and clinical investigation of lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. |
Homologous genetic recombination in the yellow head complex of nidoviruses infecting Penaeus monodon shrimp | Abstract Yellow head virus (YHV) is a highly virulent pathogen of Penaeus monodon shrimp. It is one of six known genotypes in the yellow head complex of nidoviruses which also includes mildly pathogenic gill-associated virus (GAV, genotype 2) and four other genotypes (genotypes 3–6) that have been detected only in heal... |
Management of Tracheostomy during COVID-19 Outbreak: Heat and Moisture Exchanger Filter and Closed Suctioning System | • Precautions for safer management of tracheostomy should be taken for all patients. • HMEFs and closed endotracheal suctioning systems protect patients and healthcare professionals. • Precaution for reduce the COVID-19 diffusion should be taken until the epidemic is controlled. |
Chapter 42 Probiotics and Prebiotics for Prevention of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections | Abstract This chapter introduces the importance of viral upper respiratory tract infections and evidence that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may reduce not only their incidence, but also their duration and severity. It starts by explaining the importance of viral respiratory infections and the common cold inclu... |
Western European epidemiological survey for parvovirus and coronavirus infections in dogs | Abstract An epidemiological survey for canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) infections was conducted in Western Europe. A total of 156 faecal samples were collected from dogs with diarrhoea in Spain (n= 47), Italy (n =39), France (n =26), Germany (n =21), the United Kingdom (n =8), Belgium (n =10), and... |
The coronavirus macrodomain is required to prevent PARP-mediated inhibition of virus replication and enhancement of IFN expression | ADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational addition of either monomers or polymers of ADP-ribose to target proteins by ADP-ribosyltransferases, usually by interferon-inducible diphtheria toxin-like enzymes known as PARPs. While several PARPs have known antiviral activities, these activities are mostly independ... |
Precautions in ophthalmic practice in a hospital with a major acute SARS outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong | |
The predictors of 3- and 30-day mortality in 660 MERS-CoV patients | BACKGROUND: The mortality rate of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) patients is a major challenge in all healthcare systems worldwide. Because the MERS-CoV risk-standardized mortality rates are currently unavailable in the literature, the author concentrated on developing a method to estimate the ... |
Inhibition of aminopeptidases N, A and W A re-evaluation of the actions of bestatin and inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme | Abstract The effects of a range of metallopeptidase inhibitors on the activities of the porcine kidney cell surface zinc aminopeptidases, aminopeptidase A (AP-A; EC 3.4.11.2), aminopeptidase N (AP-N; EC 3.4.11.7) and aminopeptidase W (AP-W; EC 3.4.11.16), have been directly compared. Amastatin and probestin were effect... |
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