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https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/4928894/411-dpz-11-boalkhali-patiya-chittagong-development-authority
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en
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4.11 dpz-11: boalkhali- patiya - Chittagong Development Authority
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4.11 dpz-11: boalkhali- patiya - Chittagong Development Authority
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yumpu.com
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https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/4928894/411-dpz-11-boalkhali-patiya-chittagong-development-authority
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Attention! Your ePaper is waiting for publication!
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1814
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https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/college-student-killed-road-accident-kalurghat-ferry-ghat-839051
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College student killed in road accident at Kalurghat Ferry Ghat
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2024-04-29T14:40:00+06:00
|
The tempu (three-wheeler) lost control while disembarking the ferry on the west end of the river reeled backward and hit Fatema crushing her against the railing of the bridge
|
en
|
https://www.tbsnews.net/sites/all/themes/sloth/favicon.ico
|
The Business Standard
|
https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/college-student-killed-road-accident-kalurghat-ferry-ghat-839051
|
A college student lost her life after being crushed by a tempu (three-wheeler) at a bailey bridge near Kalurghat Ferry Ghat, Chattogram, on the east bank of the Karnaphuli River.
The incident occurred around 10am today (29 April) and the deceased was identified as Fatema Tuz Zohra, 18, hailed from Ward No. 1, West Kadhurkhil, and was a student of the 11th class at Hazera Taju Degree College.
The tempu (three-wheeler) lost control while disembarking the ferry on the west end of the river reeled backward and hit Fatema crushing her against the railing of the bridge, said Sub-Inspector Farrukh Ahmed Minhaz, second officer of Boalkhali police station.
"Locals rescued her and rushed to Boalkhali Upazila Health Complex where doctors on duty pronounced her dead", he added.
He said, "The tempu involved in the accident has been seized, and the driver has been placed under arrest. Legal proceedings are underway."
In the wake of this tragic event, commuters and pedestrains have voiced concerns regarding the safety of the bailey bridge, particularly during low tide when its condition allegedly exacerbates, causing vehicles to lose control. This incident underscores the urgent need for authorities to address safety measures and infrastructure concerns to prevent such tragedies from recurring.
|
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Second-largest city in Bangladesh
For other uses, see Chittagong (disambiguation).
Metropolis in Bangladesh
Chittagong ( CHIT-ə-gong),[7] officially Chattogram[8] (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম, romanized: Côṭṭôgrām [ˈtʃɔʈːoɡram], Chittagonian: চাটগাঁও/চিটাং romanized: Sāṭgão/Šitang), is the second-largest city in Bangladesh. Home to the Port of Chittagong, it is the busiest port in Bangladesh and the Bay of Bengal.[9] It is the administrative seat of an eponymous division and district. The city is located on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. The Greater Chittagong Area had a population of more than 5.2 million in 2022.[10] In 2020, the city area had a population of more than 3.9 million.[11] The city is home to many large local businesses and plays an important role in the Bangladeshi economy.
One of the world's oldest ports with a functional natural harbor for centuries,[12] Chittagong appeared on ancient Greek and Roman maps, including on Ptolemy's world map. It was located on the southern branch of the Silk Road. In the 9th century, merchants from the Abbasid Caliphate established a trading post in Chittagong.[13][14] The port fell to the Muslim conquest of Bengal during the 14th century. It was the site of a royal mint under the Delhi Sultanate, Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Empire.[15] Between the 15th and 17th centuries, Chittagong was also a center of administrative, literary, commercial and maritime activities in Arakan, a narrow strip of land along the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal which was under strong Bengali influence for 350 years. During the 16th century, the port became a Portuguese trading post and João de Barros described it as "the most famous and wealthy city of the Kingdom of Bengal".[16] The Mughal Empire expelled the Portuguese and Arakanese in 1666.
The Nawab of Bengal ceded the port to the British East India Company in 1793. The Port of Chittagong was re-organized in 1887 and its busiest shipping links were with British Burma. In 1928, Chittagong was declared a "Major Port" of British India. During World War II, Chittagong was a base for Allied Forces engaged in the Burma Campaign. The port city began to expand and industrialize during the 1940s, particularly after the Partition of British India. The city was the historic terminus of the Assam Bengal Railway and Pakistan Eastern Railway. During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, Chittagong was the site of the Bangladeshi declaration of independence. The port city has benefited from the growth of heavy industry, logistics, and manufacturing in Bangladesh. Trade unionism was strong during the 1990s.
Chittagong accounts for 12% of Bangladesh's GDP, including 40% of industrial output, 80% of international trade, and 50% of tax revenue. The port city is home to many of the oldest and largest companies in the country. The Port of Chittagong is one of the busiest ports in South Asia. The largest base of the Bangladesh Navy is located in Chittagong, along with an air base of the Bangladesh Air Force, garrisons of the Bangladesh Army and the main base of the Bangladesh Coast Guard. The eastern zone of the Bangladesh Railway is based in Chittagong. The Chittagong Stock Exchange is one of the twin stock markets of Bangladesh with over 700 listed companies. The Chittagong Tea Auction is a commodity exchange dealing with Bangladeshi tea. The CEPZ and KEPZ are key industrial zones with foreign direct investments. The city is served by Shah Amanat International Airport for domestic and external flights. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Tunnel, the first and only underwater road tunnel of South Asia, is located in Chittagong. The city is the hometown of prominent economists, a Nobel laureate, scientists, freedom fighters and entrepreneurs. Chittagong has a high degree of religious and ethnic diversity among Bangladeshi cities, despite having a great Muslim majority. Minorities include Hindus, Christians, Buddhists, Chakmas, Marmas, Tripuris, Garos and others. The people of Chittagong are generally considered a different ethnic group in contrast to Bengalis.
Etymology
[edit]
Main article: Names of Chittagong
The etymology of Chittagong is uncertain.[17] The port city has been known by various names in history, including Chatigaon, Chatigam, Chattagrama, Islamabad, Chattala, Chaityabhumi and Porto Grande De Bengala.[18]
The Bengali word for Chittagong, Chattogram (চট্টগ্রাম), has the suffix "-gram" (গ্রাম) meaning village in Standard Bengali. The earliest records, before Islam reached the region, state that it was a place of chaitya or Buddhist monasteries. The city had a very large Buddhist population before Islam. The city was renamed Islamabad (City of Islam) during the Mughal era. The name continues to be used in the old city. In April 2018, the Cabinet Division of the Government of Bangladesh decided to change the city's name to Chattogram,[8][19] based on its Bengali spelling and pronunciation; the move was criticized in the Bangladeshi media.[20]
One explanation credits the first Arab traders for shatt ghangh (Arabic: شط غنغ) where shatt means "delta" and ghangh stood for the Ganges.[17][21][22] The Arakanese chronicle that a king named Tsu-la-taing Tsandaya (Sula Taing Chandra), after conquering Bengal, set up a stone pillar as a trophy/memorial at the place since called Tst-ta-gaung as the limit of conquest.[23]
History
[edit]
Main article: History of Chittagong
Stone Age fossils and tools unearthed in the region indicate that Chittagong has been inhabited since Neolithic times.[24] It is an ancient port city, with a recorded history dating back to the 4th century BC.[25] Its harbour was mentioned in Ptolemy's world map in the 2nd century as one of the most impressive ports in the East.[12] The region was part of the ancient Bengali Samatata and Harikela kingdoms. The Chandra dynasty once dominated the area and was followed by the Varman dynasty and Deva dynasty.
Chinese traveller Xuanzang described the area as "a sleeping beauty rising from mist and water" in the 7th century.[26]
Arab Muslim traders frequented Chittagong from the 9th century. In 1154, Al-Idrisi wrote of a busy shipping route between Basra and Chittagong, connecting it with the Abbasid capital of Baghdad.[21]
Many Sufi missionaries settled in Chittagong and played an instrumental role in the spread of Islam.[27]
Sultan Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah of Sonargaon conquered Chittagong in 1340,[28] making it a part of Sultanate of Bengal. It was the principal maritime gateway to the kingdom, which was reputed as one of the wealthiest states in the Indian subcontinent. Medieval Chittagong was a hub for maritime trade with China, Sumatra, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, the Middle East, and East Africa. It was notable for its medieval trades in pearls,[29] silk, muslin, rice, bullion, horses, and gunpowder. The port was also a major shipbuilding hub.
Ibn Battuta visited the port city in 1345.[30] Niccolò de' Conti, from Venice, also visited around the same time as Battuta.[31] Chinese admiral Zheng He's treasure fleet anchored in Chittagong during imperial missions to the Sultanate of Bengal.[32][33]
Dhaniya Manikya conquered Chittagong in 1513. Hossain Shah sent his noble commander Gorai Mallik to attack Tripura. Gorai Mallik recaptured the territories lost. But the following year Dhaniya Manikya again conquered Chittagong.[34]
Chittagong featured prominently in the military history of the Bengal Sultanate, including during the Reconquest of Arakan and the Bengal Sultanate–Kingdom of Mrauk U War of 1512–1516.
During the 13th and 16th centuries, Arabs and Persians heavily colonized the port city of Chittagong, initially arriving for trade and to spread Islam. Most Arab settlers arrived from the trade route between Iraq and Chittagong and were perhaps the prime reason for the spread of Islam to Bangladesh.[13] The first Persian settlers also arrived for trade and religious purposes, with the possible goal of Persianisation as well. Persians and other Iranic peoples have deeply affected the history of the Bengal Sultanate, with Persian being one of the main languages of the Muslim state, as well as also influencing the Chittagonian language and writing scripts.[35][36] It has been affirmed that much of the Muslim population in Chittagong are descendants of the Arab and Persian settlers.[37]
Two decades after Vasco Da Gama's landing in Calicut, the Bengal Sultanate permitted the Portuguese settlement in Chittagong to be established in 1528. It became the first European colonial enclave in Bengal. The Bengal Sultanate lost control of Chittagong in 1531 after Arakan declared independence and the established Kingdom of Mrauk U. This altered geopolitical landscape allowed the Portuguese unhindered control of Chittagong for over a century.[38]
Portuguese ships from Goa and Malacca began frequenting the port city in the 16th century. The cartaz system was introduced and required all ships in the area to purchase naval trading licenses from the Portuguese settlement.[39] Slave trade and piracy flourished. The nearby island of Sandwip was conquered in 1602. In 1615, the Portuguese Navy defeated a joint Dutch East India Company and Arakanese fleet near the coast of Chittagong.
In 1666, the Mughal government of Bengal led by viceroy Shaista Khan moved to retake Chittagong from Portuguese and Arakanese control by launching the Mughal conquest of Chittagong. The Mughals attacked the Arakanese from the jungle with a 6,500-strong army, which was further supported by 288 Mughal naval ships blockading the Chittagong harbor.[27] After three days of battle, the Arakanese surrendered. The Mughals expelled the Portuguese from Chittagong. Mughal rule ushered a new era in the history of Chittagong territory to the southern bank of Kashyapnadi (Kaladan River). The port city was renamed Islamabad. The Grand Trunk Road connected it with North India and Central Asia. Economic growth increased due to an efficient system of land grants for clearing hinterlands for cultivation. The Mughals also contributed to the architecture of the area, including the building of Fort Ander and many mosques. Chittagong was integrated into the prosperous Bengali economy, which also included Orissa and Bihar.[33][40] Shipbuilding increased dramatically under the Mughal rule, and the Ottoman Sultans had many Ottoman warships built in Chittagong during this period.[41]
In 1685, the British East India Company sent out an expedition under Admiral Nicholson with the instructions to seize and fortify Chittagong on behalf of the English; however, the expedition proved abortive. Two years later, the company's Court of Directors decided to make Chittagong the headquarters of their Bengal trade and sent out a fleet of ten or eleven ships to seize it under Captain Heath. However, after reaching Chittagong in early 1689, the fleet found the city too strongly held and abandoned their attempt at capturing it. The city was possessed by the Nawab of Bengal until 1793 when East India Company took complete control of the former Mughal province of Bengal.[42][43]
The First Anglo-Burmese War in 1823 threatened the British hold on Chittagong. There were several rebellions against British rule, notably during the Indian rebellion of 1857, when the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th companies of the 34th Bengal Infantry Regiment revolted and released all prisoners from the city's jail. In a backlash, the rebels were suppressed by the Sylhet Light Infantry.[21]
Arakan was annexed in 1829 and incorporated into the Bengal Presidency. Agriculturalists from Chittagong played a key role in the development of the rice economy in Arakan.[44] The economy of northern Arakan was integrated with the Chittagong economy. During this period, Arakan Division became one of the top rice exporters in the world.[45][46] Bengalis from Chittagong were vital to the success of Arakan's rice industry.
Railways were introduced in 1865, beginning with the Eastern Bengal Railway connecting Chittagong to Dacca and Calcutta. Chittagong became the main gateway to Eastern Bengal and Assam.[47] In the 1890s, Chittagong became the terminus of Assam Bengal Railway. The hinterland of Chittagong Port covered the tea and jute producing regions of Assam and Bengal, as well as Assam's oil industry. Chittagong was also linked to the crucial oil and gas industry in Burma. Chittagong was a major center of trade with British Burma. It hosted many prominent companies of the British Empire.
The Chittagong armoury raid by Bengali revolutionaries in 1930 was a major event in British India's anti-colonial history.
World War II
[edit]
During World War II, Chittagong became a frontline city in the Southeast Asian Theater. It was a critical air, naval and military base for Allied Forces during the Burma Campaign against Japan. The Imperial Japanese Army Air Force carried out air raids on Chittagong in April and May 1942, in the run-up to the aborted Japanese invasion of Bengal.[48][49]
After the Battle of Imphal, the tide turned in favor of the Allied Forces. Units of the United States Army Air Forces' 4th Combat Cargo Group were stationed in Chittagong Airfield in 1945.[50] Commonwealth forces included troops from Britain, India, Australia, and New Zealand. The war had major negative impacts on the city, including the growth of refugees and the Great Famine of 1943.[21] Many wealthy Chittagonians profited from wartime commerce.
715 soldiers are buried at the Chittagong War Cemetery, which is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Allied soldiers constitute the bulk of burials in the cemetery. A few Japanese soldiers are also buried. Remembrance Day services are held each year at the cemetery, with diplomats from Commonwealth countries like the UK, Bangladesh, Australia, India and Pakistan, as well as the United States and Japan, usually in attendance.[51]
Modern
[edit]
The Partition of British India in 1947 made Chittagong the chief port of East Pakistan. By March 1948, the Chittagong harbour became a bustling port for international shipping.[citation needed] The Chittagong Tea Auction was set up in 1949. The port city had branches of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, Burmah Oil (known locally as Burmah Eastern), and the James Finlay shipping business. Wealthy Muslim families from British India and British Burma shifted their corporate headquarters to Chittagong. The Ispahani family shifted the head office of M. M. Ispahani Limited from Calcutta to Chittagong.[52] The Ispahanis also relocated the Eastern Federal Insurance Company from Calcutta to Chittagong.[52] The Ispahanis set up the Victory Jute Mills, the Chittagong Jute Manufacturing Company, and the Pahartali Textile Mills.[52] The Africawala brothers set up the first steel re-rolling mills in Chittagong in 1952, which eventually became BSRM.[53][54] Banks, shipping companies and insurance firms proliferated the city. Many British-owned businesses in East Pakistan were based in Chittagong. Britain's former flag carrier BOAC operated flights to the city. The Agrabad area emerged as the central business district in the 1950s and 1960s, with many corporate offices. The Ispahani Building and Jamuna Bhaban are some of the corporate buildings from this period. The Karnaphuli Paper Mills were built in 1959. The project to build the Eastern Refinery was started in 1963;[55] and was partly funded by the last Shah of Iran. The Agrabad Chamber of Commerce was formed in 1963. It later became the Foreign Investors' Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Bangladesh.[56] The Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) was created by the government to promote urban planning; while wealthy families like the Ispahanis contributed to social welfare by setting up schools and hospitals.[21]
The lawyer and industrialist A K Khan, who set up A K Khan & Company in the aftermath of World War II, represented Chittagong in the federal cabinet of East and West Pakistan. However, East Pakistanis complained of a lack of investment in Chittagong in comparison to Karachi in West Pakistan, even though East Pakistan generated more exports and had a larger population. The Awami League demanded that the country's naval headquarters be shifted from Karachi to Chittagong.[57]
During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, which was waged under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Chittagong witnessed heavy fighting between rebel Bengali military regiments and the Pakistan Army. It covered Sector 1 in the Mukti Bahini chain of command. Major Ziaur Rahman was the sector commander. The Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence was broadcast from Kalurghat Radio Station and transmitted internationally through foreign ships in Chittagong Port.[58] Ziaur Rahman and M A Hannan announced the independence declaration from Chittagong. A K Khan drafted the English version of Zia's broadcast.[59] These radio broadcasts began the journey of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, which contributed heavily towards the Liberation. The Pakistani military, and supporting Razakar militias, carried out widespread atrocities against civilians in the city. Mukti Bahini naval commandos drowned several Pakistani warships during Operation Jackpot in August 1971.[60] In December 1971, the Bangladesh Air Force and the Indian Air Force carried out the heavy bombing of facilities occupied by the Pakistani military. A naval blockade was also enforced.[61]
After the war, the Soviet Union offer to clear mines in Chittagong Port at free of cost, while Sweden offered to clear mines in Mongla port.[62] 22 vessels of the Soviet Pacific Fleet sailed from Vladivostok to Chittagong in May 1972.[63] The process of clearing mines in the dense water harbor took nearly a year and claimed the life of Soviet marine Yuri V Redkin.[64][65] Chittagong soon regained its status as a major port, with cargo tonnage surpassing pre-war levels in 1973. In the immediate aftermath of 1971, many industries were nationalized. But in Chittagong, factories and business properties were given back to their private owners. The Ispahani family had to write only one letter in order to get back all their properties from the Awami League government of Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[52]
In free market reforms launched by President Ziaur Rahman in the late 1970s, the city became home to the first export processing zones in Bangladesh. Zia was assassinated during an attempted military coup in Chittagong in 1981. The 1991 Bangladesh cyclone inflicted heavy damage on the city. The Japanese government financed the construction of several heavy industries and an international airport in the 1980s and 1990s. Bangladeshi private sector investments increased since 1991, especially with the formation of the Chittagong Stock Exchange in 1995. A new airport opened in 2000. The port city has been the pivot of Bangladesh's emerging economy in recent years, with the country's rising GDP growth rate. Chittagong has seen several infrastructure projects taken up by the government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, including the Chittagong Elevated Expressway, the first underwater tunnel in South Asia, the expansion of its port, and new parks, power plants and flyovers.[66][67]
Geography
[edit]
Topography
[edit]
Chittagong lies at . It straddles the coastal foothills of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in southeastern Bangladesh. The Karnaphuli River runs along the southern banks of the city, including its central business district. The river enters the Bay of Bengal in an estuary located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west of downtown Chittagong. Mount Sitakunda is the highest peak in Chittagong District, with an elevation of 351 metres (1,152 ft).[68] Within the city itself, the highest peak is Batali Hill at 85.3 metres (280 ft). Chittagong has many lakes that were created under the Mughal rule. In 1924, an engineering team of the Assam Bengal Railway established the Foy's Lake.[68]
Major sediment outflows from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers form tidal flats around the city.[69]
Ecological hinterland
[edit]
The Chittagong Division is known for its rich biodiversity. Over 2000 of Bangladesh's 6000 flowering plants grow in the region.[70] Its hills and jungles are laden with waterfalls, fast flowing river streams and elephant reserves. St. Martin's Island, within the Chittagong Division, is the only coral island in the country. The fishing port of Cox's Bazar is home to one of the world's longest natural beaches. In the east, there are the three hill districts of Bandarban, Rangamati, and Khagrachari, home to the highest mountains in Bangladesh. The region has numerous protected areas, including the Teknaf Game Reserve and the Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco Park.[71]
Patenga beach in the main seafront of Chittagong, located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) west of the city.
Climate
[edit]
Under the Köppen climate classification, Chittagong has a tropical monsoon climate (Am).[72]
Chittagong is vulnerable to North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones. The deadliest tropical cyclone to strike Chittagong was the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, which killed 138,000 people and left as many as 10 million homeless.[73]
Government
[edit]
The Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) is responsible for governing municipal areas in the Chittagong Metropolitan Area. It is headed by the mayor of Chittagong. The mayor and ward councillors are elected every five years. The mayor is Rezaul Karim Chowdhury, as of August 2023.[77] The city corporation's mandate is limited to basic civic services, however, the CCC is credited for keeping Chittagong one of the cleaner and most eco-friendly cities in Bangladesh.[78][79] Its principal sources of revenue are municipal taxes and conservancy charges.[21] The Chittagong Development Authority is responsible for implementing the city's urban planning.
The deputy commissioner and district magistrate are the chiefs of local administration as part of the Government of Bangladesh. Law enforcement is provided by the Chittagong Metropolitan Police and the Rapid Action Battalion-7. The district and sessions judges are the heads of the local judiciary on behalf of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.[21] The Divisional Special Judge's Court is located in the colonial-era Chittagong Court Building.
Military
[edit]
Chittagong is a strategically important military port on the Bay of Bengal. The Chittagong Naval Area is the principal base of the Bangladesh Navy and the home port of most Bangladeshi warships.[80] The Bangladesh Naval Academy and the navy's elite special force- Special Warfare Diving and Salvage (SWADS) are also based in the city.[81] The Bangladesh Army's 24th Infantry Division is based in Chittagong Cantonment, and the Bangladesh Air Force maintains the BAF Zahurul Haq Air Base in Chittagong.[82] The city is also home to the Bangladesh Military Academy, the premier training institute for the country's armed forces.
Diplomatic representation
[edit]
In the 1860s, the American consulate-general in the Bengal Presidency included a consular agency in Chittagong.[83] Today, Chittagong hosts an assistant high commission of India and a consulate general of Russia. The city also has honorary consulates of Turkey, Japan, Germany, South Korea, Malaysia, Italy, and the Philippines.[84][85][86][87][88][89][90]
Economy
[edit]
Main article: Economy of Chittagong
Top publicly traded
companies in Chittagong,
in 2014[91] Jamuna Oil Company BSRM Padma Oil Company PHP Meghna Petroleum GPH Ispat Aramit Cement Western Marine Shipyard RSRM Hakkani Pulp & Paper Source:
Chittagong Stock Exchange
A substantial share of Bangladesh's national GDP is attributed to Chittagong. The port city contributes 12%[5] of the nation's economy. Chittagong generates for 40% of Bangladesh's industrial output, 80% of its international trade and 50% of its governmental revenue.[92][93] The Chittagong Stock Exchange has more than 700 listed companies, with a market capitalisation of US$32 billion in June 2015.[91] The city is home to many of the country's oldest and largest corporations. The Port of Chittagong handled US$60 billion in annual trade in 2011, ranking 3rd in South Asia after the Port of Mumbai and the Port of Colombo.[9][93] The port is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean and on to the Upper Adriatic region of Trieste with rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe.[94][95][96]
The Agrabad area is the main central business district of the city. Major Bangladeshi conglomerates headquartered in Chittagong include M. M. Ispahani Limited, BSRM, A K Khan & Company, PHP Group, James Finlay Bangladesh, the Habib Group, the S. Alam Group of Industries, Seamark Group, KDS Group and the T. K. Group of Industries. Major state-owned firms headquartered there include Pragati Industries, the Jamuna Oil Company, the Bangladesh Shipping Corporation, and the Padma Oil Company. The Chittagong Export Processing Zone was ranked by the UK-based magazine, Foreign Direct Investment, as one of the leading special economic zones in the world, in 2010.[97] Other SEZs include the Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone and Korean EPZ. The city's key industrial sectors include petroleum, steel, shipbuilding, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, jute, leather goods, vegetable oil refineries, glass manufacturing, electronics and motor vehicles. The Chittagong Tea Auction sets the price of Bangladesh Tea. The Eastern Refinery is Bangladesh's largest oil refinery. GlaxoSmithKline has had operations in Chittagong since 1967.[98] Western Marine Shipyard is a leading Bangladeshi shipbuilder and exporter of medium-sized ocean-going vessels. In 2011–12, Chittagong exported approximately US$4.5 billion in ready-made garments.[99] The Karnaphuli Paper Mills were established in 1953.
International banks operating in Chittagong include HSBC, Standard Chartered and Citibank NA. Chittagong is often called Bangladesh's commercial capital due to its diversified industrial base and seaport. The port city has ambitions to develop as a global financial center and regional transshipment hub, given its proximity to North East India, Burma, Nepal, Bhutan and Southwest China.[100][101]
By 2024, the Chittagong-based S Alam Group emerged as one of Bangladesh's most powerful conglomerates, with interests in energy, commodities, infrastructure, economic zones, healthcare, textiles and fintech.[102] S Alam's projects include a $640 million steel plant, a $2.6 billion power plant and a $3 billion renewable energy plant.[102] It is investing 580 billion BDT in two industrial zones in Chittagong.[103] S Alam also has substantial offshore assets, including a billion dollars worth of real estate in Singapore.[104] Its portfolio in Singapore includes the city-state's Hilton Garden Inn Serangoon hotel.[105] The S Alam Group enjoys close ties with the ruling Awami League party in Bangladesh. The group has been subjected to intense media scrutiny.
Financial and commodity markets
[edit]
Chittagong Stock Exchange
Chittagong Tea Auction
Trade associations
[edit]
Chittagong Chamber of Commerce & Industry
Industrial areas
[edit]
Chittagong Export Processing Zone
Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Shilpa Nagar, Mirsarai
Korean Export Processing Zone, Anwara
Chinese Economic and Industrial Zone, Anwara
Maheshkhali Economic Zone, Matarbari
Kalurghat Heavy Industrial Area
Architecture
[edit]
The Anderkilla Shahi Jame Mosque is a well-known Mughal property in Chittagong. Anderkilla means "inner fort".[106] The mosque was built in 1667 by Umed Khan, the son of Shaista Khan, after the Mughal conquest of Chittagong. The mosque is the only surviving part of a hilltop Mughal fort. A surviving remnant of the 17th century Portuguese presence is Darul Adalat in the premises of Government Hazi Mohammad Mohsin College, Chittagong. The Kadam Mubarak Mosque in Jamal Khan was built in 1723 by a faujdar during the reign of the Nawabs of Bengal.[107] During British rule, colonial officials lived in hilltop bungalows, which would feature a spacious balcony or verandah, chimneys, fireplaces and big gardens. The Firingi Bazaar has many colonial houses which belonged to rich local residents. The well-known buildings from the British colonial period include the Battali Railway Station, Central Railway Building, Chittagong Circuit House and Chittagong Court Building.
The old Circuit House was originally built in the style of Tudor revival architecture. The Chittagong Court Building exhibits influence of neoclassical architecture from the late 19th century. JM Sen Hall was a town hall built in 1920.[108] One of the grand old mansions of Chittagong is the PK Sen Bhaban.[109][110] The First Karnaphuli Bridge, which was a steel bridge, was built in 1930.[111] The Kalurghat Bridge was completed in 1931.[112] Stripped Classicism and elements of art deco can be seen in Agrabad. M. M. Ispahani Limited relocated its head office to Chittagong from Calcutta after the partition of India;[113] the Ispahani building in Agrabad was influenced by the art deco style. Another building with 1930s classical and art deco elements is the headquarters of the Jamuna Oil Company. The building has a dome and modernist columns inspired by the style of the 1930s and 1940s.
Culture
[edit]
Further information: Culture of Bangladesh
An inhabitant of Chittagong is called Chittagonian in English.[114] For centuries, the port city has been a melting pot for people from all over the world. Its historic trade networks have left a lasting impact on its language, culture, and cuisine. The Chittagonian language, although identified as a nonstandard dialect of Bengali, is considered to be a separate language by many linguists. The Chittagonian language has many Arabic, Persian, English and Portuguese loanwords.[21] The popular traditional feast of Mezban features the serving of hot beef dish with white rice.[114] Another dish named kala-bhuna of Chittagong, made with traditional spices, mustard oil, and beef through a special cooking style, is also renowned all over Bangladesh. The cultivation of pink pearls is a historic activity in Chittagong. Its Mughal-era name, Islamabad (City of Islam), continues to be used in the old city. The name was given due to the port city's history as a gateway for early Islamic missionaries in Bengal. Notable Islamic architecture in Chittagong can be seen in the historic Bengal Sultanate-era Hammadyar Mosque and the Mughal Fort of Anderkilla. Chittagong is known as the Land of the Twelve Saints[115] due to the prevalence of major Sufi Muslim shrines in the district. Historically, Sufism played an important role in the spread of Islam in the region. Prominent dargahs include the mausoleums of Shah Amanat, Badr Auliya, Miskin Shah, Garibullah Shah and the shrine of Bayazid Bastami among many others. The Bastami shrine hosts a pond of black softshell turtles, a critically endangered species of freshwater turtle.
During the medieval period, many poets thrived in the region when it was part of the Bengal Sultanate and the Kingdom of Mrauk U. Under the patronage of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah's governor in Chittagong, Kabindra Parameshvar wrote his Pandabbijay, a Bengali adaptation of the Mahabharata.[116] Daulat Qazi lived in the region during the 17th-century reign of the Kingdom of Mrauk U. Chittagong is home to several important Hindu temples, including the Chandranath Temple on the outskirts of the city, which is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Sita.[117] The city also hosts the country's largest Buddhist monastery and council of monks. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chittagong is the oldest catholic mission in Bengal.[118]
Major cultural organizations in the city include the Theatre Institute Chittagong and the Chittagong Performing Arts Academy. The city has a vibrant contemporary art scene.
Being home to the pioneering rock bands in the country like Souls[119] and LRB,[120] Chittagong is regarded as the "birthplace of Bangladeshi rock music".[121][122][123]
Demographics
[edit]
Historical population Year Pop. ±% 1931 53,156 — 1941 92,301 +73.6% 1991 1,392,958 +1409.1% 2001 2,023,489 +45.3% 2011 2,582,401 +27.6% 2022 3,227,246 +25.0% sources:citypopulation.de
At the 2011 Census, Chittagong had a population of more than 2.5 million,[124] and its Metropolitan Area had a population of 4,009,423.[125] By gender, the population was 54.36% male and 45.64% female, and the literacy rate in the city was approximately 72 percent, in 2020.
Muslims, numbering approximately 3.44 million, form the overwhelming majority of the city's population, with the rest being predominantly Hindus, numbering approximately 480,000, and the remaining 2% belonging to other religions, such as Buddhism and Christianity.[21]
Chittagong was a melting pot of ethnicities during the Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal periods. Muslim immigration started as early as the seventh century, and significant Muslim settlements occurred during the medieval period. Muslim traders, rulers, and preachers from Persia and Arabia were the early Muslim settlers, and their descendants are the majority of the current Muslim population of the city. The city has a relatively wealthy and economically influential Shia Muslim community, including Ismailis and Twelver Shias. The city also has many ethnic minorities, especially members of indigenous groups from the frontier hills of Chittagong Division, including Chakmas, Rakhines and Tripuris; as well as Rohingya refugees. The Bengali-speaking Theravada Buddhists of the area, known as Baruas, are one of the oldest communities in Chittagong and one of the last remnants of Buddhism in Bangladesh.[128][129][130] Descendants of Portuguese settlers, often known as Firingis, also live in Chittagong, as well as Catholics, who largely live in the old Portuguese enclave of Paterghatta.[21] There is also a small Urdu-speaking Bihari community living in the ethnic enclave known as Bihari Colony.[131][132] Like other major urban centres in South Asia, Chittagong has experienced steady growth in its informal settlements as a result of the increasing economic activities in the city and emigration from rural areas. According to a poverty reduction publication of the International Monetary Fund, there were 1,814 slums within the city corporation area, inhabited by about 1.8 million slum dwellers, the second highest in the country after the capital, Dhaka.[133] The slum dwellers often face eviction by the local authorities, charging them with illegal abode on government lands.[134][135] In the early 1990s, Chittagong had a population of just over 1.5 million, of which there were an estimated 66,676 squatters living in 69 areas.[136]
Media and communications
[edit]
Further information: Media of Bangladesh
Various newspapers, including daily, opposition, and business newspapers, are based in Chittagong. Daily newspapers include Dainik Azadi,[137] Peoples View,[138] The Daily Suprobhat Bangladesh, Daily Purbokone, Life, Karnafuli, Jyoti, Rashtrobarta and Azan. Furthermore, there are several weekly and monthly newspapers. These include weeklies such as Chattala, Jyoti, Sultan, Chattagram Darpan, and the monthlies such as Sanshodhani, Purobi, Mukulika, and Simanto. The only press council in Chittagong is the Chittagong Press Club. Government-owned Bangladesh Television, with its Chittagong station, and Bangladesh Betar have transmission centres in the city. A local online news & media Channel based on the Chittagonian language was launched in 2016 called CplusTv,[139] gained vast popularity. The channel is YouTube- and social network-based, and it reached the 1 million followers milestone on Facebook.[citation needed]
Chittagong has been featured in all aspects of Bangladeshi popular culture, including television, movies, journals, music, and books. Nearly all televisions and radios in Bangladesh have coverage in Chittagong. Renowned Bollywood film director Ashutosh Gowariker directed a movie based on the 1930s Chittagong Uprising, Movie's name is Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey[140] in which Abhishek Bachchan played the lead role.[141][142]
Utilities
[edit]
The southern zone of the Bangladesh Power Development Board is responsible for supplying electricity to city dwellers.[143][144] The fire services are provided by the Bangladesh Fire Service & Civil Defence department, under the Ministry of Home Affairs.[145] Total Electricity Consumption is approximately 1000 megawatts in the city proper. But in the whole Chittagong urban and city proper, it will be 1300 megawatts plus-minus. Ss power plant will be in production next year and its production power is 1320 megawatts And it creates Chittagong City as the energy production hub of Bangladesh
The water supply and sewage systems are managed by the Chittagong Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (Chittagong WASA).[146][147] Water is primarily drawn from Karnaphuli River and then purified in the Mohra Purification Plant.[148]
Chittagong has extensive GSM and CDMA coverage, served by all the major mobile operators of the country, including Grameenphone, Banglalink, Citycell, Robi, TeleTalk and Airtel Bangladesh. However, landline telephone services are provided through the state-owned Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB), as well as some private operators. BTTB also provides broadband Internet services, along with some private ISPs, including the 4G service providers Banglalion[149] and Qubee.[150]
Education and research
[edit]
The education system of Chittagong is similar to that of rest of Bangladesh, with four main forms of schooling. The general education system, conveyed in both Bangla and English versions, follows the curriculum prepared by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board, part of the Ministry of Education.[151] Students are required to take two major board examinations:the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and the Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) before moving onto higher education. The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chittagong is responsible for administering SSC and HSC examinations within the city.[152][153] The Madrasah education system is primarily based on Islamic studies, though other subjects are also taught. Students are prepared according to the Dakhil and Alim examinations, which are controlled by the Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board and are equivalent to SSC and HSC examinations of the general education system respectively.[154] There are also several private schools in the city, usually referred to as English medium schools,[151] which follow the General Certificate of Education.
The British Council supervises the O Levels and A levels examinations, conducted twice a year, through the Cambridge International and Edexcel examination boards.[155][156] The Technical and Vocational education system is governed by the Directorate of Technical Education (DTE) and follow the curriculum prepared by Bangladesh Technical Education Board (BTEB).[157][158] Chittagong College, established in 1869, is the earliest modern institution for higher education in the city.[159] Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University is the only public university located in Chittagong city. Chittagong Medical College is the only government medical college in Chittagong.
University of Chittagong is located 22 kilometres (14 miles) north and Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology is located 25 kilometres (16 miles) north of the Chittagong city. The University of Chittagong, established in 1966 is one of the largest universities in Bangladesh. Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, established in 1968, is one of the five public engineering universities in Bangladesh and the only engineering university in the Chittagong Division.
The city also hosts several other private universities and medical colleges. The BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong Independent University (CIU), Asian University for Women, Port City International University, East Delta University, International Islamic University, Premier University, Southern University, University of Information Technology and Sciences and the University of Science & Technology Chittagong are among them. Chittagong has public, denominational, and independent schools. Public schools, including pre-schools, primary and secondary schools, and special schools are administered by the Ministry of Education and Chittagong Education Board. Chittagong has governmental and non-governmental primary and higher secondary schools, international schools, and English medium schools, such as CDA Public School and College.Southeast Public School & College Jamia Ahmadiyya Sunnia Kamil Madrasa is also a famous Islamic University which situated in Chittagong.
Research institutes
[edit]
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases
Bangladesh Tea Board
Health
[edit]
The Chittagong Medical College Hospital is the largest state-owned hospital in Chittagong. The Chittagong General Hospital, established in 1901, is the oldest hospital in the city.[160] The Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (BITID) is based the city. Other government-run medical centers in the city include the Family Welfare Centre, TB Hospital, Infectious Disease Hospital, Diabetic Hospital, Mother and Children Hospital, and the Police Hospital. Among the city's private hospitals are the Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital (BBMH), Chittagong Metropolitan Hospital, Chevron Clinic, Surgiscope Hospital, CSCR, Centre Point Hospital, Park View Hospital, Max Hospital & diagnosis, Imperial Hospital LTD., Evercare Hospital Ltd., National Hospital and Mount Hospital Ltd.[161][162][163]
Private Medical Colleges:
University of Science & Technology Chittagong
BGC TRUST Medical College Chittagong
Chittagong Ma o Shishu Hospital
Southern Medical College
Marine City Medical College
Army Medical College
Poly Clinic
CSCR Hospital
Transport
[edit]
See also: Transport in Bangladesh
Transport in Chittagong is similar to that of the capital, Dhaka. large avenues and roads are present throughout the metropolis. There are various bus systems and taxi services, as well as smaller 'baby' or 'CNG' taxis, which are tricycle-structured motor vehicles. Foreign and local ridesharing companies like Uber and Pathao are operating in the city.[164] There are also traditional manual rickshaws, which are very common.
Road
[edit]
As the population has risen extensively, the Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) has undertaken some transportation initiatives aimed at easing the traffic congestion in Chittagong. Under this plan, the CDA, along with the Chittagong City Corporation, has constructed some flyovers and expanded the existing roads within the city. There are also some other major expressways and flyovers under construction, most notably the Chittagong City Outer Ring Road, which runs along the coast of Chittagong City. This ring road includes a marine drive along with five feeder roads and is also meant to strengthen the embankment of the coast.[165][166][need quotation to verify][167][168][169] The authority has also began the construction of a 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) underwater expressway tunnel through the Karnaphuli river to ensure better connectivity between the northern and southern parts of Chittagong. This tunnel will be the first of its kind in South Asia.[170][171][172]
The N1 (Dhaka-Chittagong Highway), a major arterial national highway, is the only way to access the city by motor vehicle from most other parts of the country. It is considered a crowded and dangerous highway. This highway is also part of AH41 route of the Asian Highway Network. It has been upgraded to 4 lanes.[173] The N106 (Chittagong-Rangamati Highway) is another major national highway that connects the Chittagong Hill Tracts with the Oxygen Square.
Rail
[edit]
Chittagong can also be accessed by rail. It has a station on the metre gauge, the eastern section of the Bangladesh Railway, whose headquarters are also located within the city. There are two main railway stations, on Station Road and in the Pahartali Thana. Trains to Dhaka, Sylhet, Comilla, and Bhairab are available from Chittagong. The Chittagong Circular Railway was introduced in 2013 to ease traffic congestion and to ensure better public transport service for commuters within the city. The railway includes high-speed DEMU trains with a carrying capacity of 300 passengers. These DEMU trains also travel on the Chittagong-Laksham route which connects the city with Comilla.[174][175]
Air
[edit]
The Shah Amanat International Airport (IATA: CGP, ICAO: VGEG), located at South Patenga, serves as Chittagong's only airport. It is the second busiest airport in Bangladesh. The airport is capable of annually handling 1.5 million passengers and 6,000 tonnes of cargo.[176] Known as Chittagong Airfield during World War II, the airport was used as a supply point by the United States Army Air Forces' Tenth Air Force during the Burma Campaign 1944–45.[50] It officially became a Bangladeshi airport in 1972 after Bangladesh's liberation war.[177] International services fly to major cities of the Arabian Peninsula as well as to Indian city of Kolkata.[178] At present, Middle Eastern airlines like Air Arabia, Flydubai, Jazeera Airways, Oman Air and SalamAir operate flights from the city to these destinations along with airlines of Bangladesh.[178] All Bangladeshi airlines operate regular domestic flights to Dhaka. The airport was formerly known as MA Hannan International Airport but was renamed after a famous Sufi saint Shah Amanat on 2 April 2005 by the Government.[179]
Sports
[edit]
Chittagong has produced numerous cricketers, footballers, and athletes, who have performed at the national level. Tamim Iqbal, Akram Khan, Minhajul Abedin, Aftab Ahmed, Nafees Iqbal, Nazimuddin, Faisal Hossain, Tareq Aziz, Mominul Haque, Nayeem Hasan, Mamunul Islam, Ashish Bhadra, Shahidul Alam Sohel are some of the most prominent figures among them. Cricket is the most popular sport in Chittagong, while football, tennis and kabaddi are also popular. Several stadiums are located in Chittagong with the main one being the multipurpose MA Aziz Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 20,000 and hosts football matches in addition to cricket.[180] MA Aziz Stadium was the stadium where Bangladesh achieved its first-ever Test cricket victory, against Zimbabwe in 2005.[181] The stadium now focuses only on football, and is currently the main football venue of the city. Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium, is currently the main cricket venue of the city, which was awarded Test status in 2006, hosting both domestic and international cricket matches. The city hosted two group matches of the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup, both taking place in Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium.[182] It also co-hosted 2014 ICC World Twenty20 along with Dhaka and Sylhet, Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium hosted 15 group stage matches. Other stadiums in Chittagong include the Women's Complex Ground. Major sporting clubs such as, Mohammedan Sporting Club and Abahani Chittagong are also located in the city. Chittagong is also home to the Bangladesh Premier League franchise, the Chattogram Challengers.
Teams
[edit]
Chattogram Challengers – BPL (Cricket)
Chittagong Abahani Limited – BPL (Football)
Acme Chattogram – HCT (Field hockey)
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
Goiânia, Brazil[183]
Kunming, China[184]
See also
[edit]
Jamboree Park
Conquest of Chittagong
Notes
[edit]
Explanatory notes
[edit]
Citations
[edit]
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https://pantheon.world/profile/place/nueva-loja
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Buy Furniture Online. HATIM Furniture offers a unique selection of stylish and contemporary furniture. Our furniture range includes dressing table, dining table, sofa set,bed,bookshelf, wardrobe, sof
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en
| null |
Hatim Furniture offers a unique selection of stylish and contemporary furniture. Our furniture range includes sofa sets, beds, dining tables, T.V cabinets/units, cupboards, dressing tables, sofa cum beds, study tables, computer tables and lots more for your home. We provide storage solutions for home and office with a of variety steel and wooden almirahs, wardrobes, filing cabinets, multipurpose shelves and metal racks. Our office furniture consists of executive tables that can be used at all management levels. On our website you can browse through all our furniture categories and select the one that best suits your requirement.
We have furniture designs in solid wood, engineered wood and metal. For our wooden furniture we use Canadian Red Oak wood which is strong, resistant and one of the most sought-after noble wood species in woodwork. It gives a unique finish and offers a one-of-a-kind look. All our laminated board furniture is crafted from the best quality chipboard and our range of metal furniture is second to none in quality and design. Furniture breathes life into any home or office. It is not only important for furniture to look good but it needs to be functional and at times even multi-functional, especially now-a-days since most people face a space constraint.
Keeping this in mind we at Hatim Furniture offer space-saving and multipurpose furniture too. As an online store, providing top quality service is our priority. Our 24 hour helpline, fast and free delivery & installation services help us serve you better. It is our constant effort to provide our customers with new and innovative designs. This online store is our effort to help you furnish or redecorate your house or office from the comfort of your home.
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https://www.thebangladesh.net/chittagong-division/chittagong-district/raozan-upazila-chittagong/dabua-union-chittagong.html
|
en
|
Dabua Union, Chittagong
|
https://www.thebangladesh.net/images/favicon.ico
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https://www.thebangladesh.net/images/favicon.ico
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[
"BANGLADESH",
"about bangladesh",
"bangladesh country",
"bangladesh people",
"bangladesh population",
"country bangladesh",
"population bangladesh",
"population of bangladesh",
"where is bangladesh",
"where is bangladesh located",
"beautiful bangladesh",
"bangladesh tourism boa"
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[
"Mahamudul Hasan"
] |
2019-11-20T06:00:00+06:00
|
BANGLADESH, land of true natural beauty, home of the famous Royal Bengal Tigers, The Largest Mangrove Forest and The Longest Sandy Sea Beach of the World.
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en
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/images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.thebangladesh.net
|
Dabua is a union under Raozan Upazila of Chittagong District with a total area of 21.799 square kilometers. The total population of the union is 19,656 among them 10,012 are male and 9,644 are female.
Map of Dabua of Chittagong District.
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https://www.studocu.com/ec/document/universidad-tecnica-de-cotopaxi/histologia/chittagong-district-wikipedia/29268694
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en
|
Chittagong District চ¿ ̄ জল¿ District of Bangladesh Chattogram
|
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Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia
|
es
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Studocu
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https://www.studocu.com/ec/document/universidad-tecnica-de-cotopaxi/histologia/chittagong-district-wikipedia/29268694
|
Chittagong District
চ¿ ̄ জল¿
District of Bangladesh Chattogram District
Clockwise from top-left: View of Agrabad, Anderkilla Shahi Jame Mosque, Mahamaya Lake, Port of Chittagong, Chandranath Temple at Sitakunda
Chittagong District
Chittagong District , renamed the Chattogram District ,[2] is a district located in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. The port city of Chittagong, which is the second largest city in Bangladesh, is located within this district.
History Administration Subdivisions Demographics Religion Education Notable people See also References External links
Because of the natural harbour, Chittagong had been an important location for trade, drawing Arab traders as early as the 9th century CE. The region fell under the rule of kings from Arakan in the 16th and 17th centuries, but later, the Mughal Army under Shaista Khan conquered Chittagong. During the 17th century, the region also faced a lot of attacks by Portuguese pirates. The Mughals established Chittagong as a district in 1666. Chittagong is the 2nd largest district in Bangladesh by population and area. The Chittagong Hill Tracts were separated from Chittagong in 1860. In 1947, Chittagong came under Pakistan and became part a district of East Pakistan. Port of Chittagong was a big spot for exports and imports of Pakistan. After the liberation of Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar District was separated in 1984.[3]
Administrator of Zila Porishod: M A Salam[4]
Coordinates: 22°N 91°E
Contents
History
Administration
Expandable map of Chittagong District Coordinates: 22°N 91°E Country Bangladesh Division Chittagong Division Seat Chittagong **Government
Divisional Commissioner**
Md. Kamrul hasan
- District Council Chairman
Muhammad Abdus Salam
- Chief Executive Officer
Khondokar Zohirul Islam
**Area
Total** 5,282 km 2 (2,039 sq mi) - Rank 2 Population (2011 census) - Total 7,616, - Rank 2 - Density 1,400/km 2 (3,700/sq mi) **Literacy rate
Total** 73% Time zone UTC+06:00 (BST) HDI (2019) 0[1] medium · 3rd of 20 Website chittagong.gov (htt p:chittagong.gov/)
Deputy Commissioner (DC): Mohammad Elius Hossain [5]
There are 15 upazilas[6] and 15 thanas[7] (the latter under Chittagong Municipal area) within Chittagong District.
The upazilas are:
The thanas are:
Anwara Upazila
Banshkhali Upazila
Boalkhali Upazila
Chandanaish Upazila
Fatikchhari Upazila
Hathazari Upazila
Karnaphuli Upazila[8]
LOHAGARA Upazila
Mirsharai Upazila
Patiya Upazila
Rangunia Upazila
Raozan Upazila
Sandwip Upazila
Satkania Upazila
Sitakunda Upazila
Akbar Shah Thana
Bakalia Thana
Bandar Thana
Bayazid Bostami Thana
Chandgaon Thana
Chawkbazar Thana
Chittagong Kotwali Thana
Double Mooring Thana
EPZ Thana
Halishahar Thana
Karnaphuli Thana
Khulshi Thana
Pahartali Thana
Panchlaish Thana
Patenga Thana
Sadarghat Thana
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Subdivisions
Demographics
BGC Trust University Bangladesh International Islamic University Chittagong East Delta University Premier University, Chittagong Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Medical University University of Science and Technology, Chittagong University of Creative Technology, Chittagong Southern University Bangladesh
Medical colleges
Chittagong Medical College BGC Trust Medical College, Chandanaish CHİTTAGONG DENTAL COLLEGE
Binod Bihari Chawdhury Nuton Chandra Singha Nurul Abedin Oli Ahmad Mahbubul Alam Mohit Ul Alam Ayub Bachchu Shyam Sundar Baishnab Partha Barua Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad Abdul Haq Choudhury Shantanu Biswas Sri Chinmoy Pramod Ranjan Choudhury Mehazabien Chowdhury Rony Chowdhury Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury Sarat Chandra Das Maitreyi Devi Charles John Stanley Gough Ehsanul Haque Enamul Haque (cricketer, born 1966) Enamul Haque (writer) Chandra Kalindi Roy Henriksen Rabiul Hoque Somnath Hore Ashraful Hossain Nazmul Huq Tamim Iqbal Mamunul Islam
Nurul Islam (physician) Mirza Ahmad Ispahani Rubayyat Jahan Binoy Bashi Joldas Abul Kashem Khan Akram Khan (cricketer) Allauddin Khan Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan Morshed Khan Dipa Ma Anandamayi Ma Abdul Mannan (educator) Nusrat Faria Mazhar Adolph Medlycott Minhajul Abedin A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury Moniruzzaman (Chittagong Division cricketer) Anagarika Munindra Masuma Rahman Nabila Wasfia Nazreen Ayub Quadri Gulamur Rahman Mojibur Rahman Mihir Rakshit Ramesh Shil Tridev Roy Bibi Russell Iftekhar Sajjad Blanaid Salkeld
Notable people
Chittagong Chittagong Division Divisions of Bangladesh
"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab" (hdi.globaldatalab/areadata/s hdi/). hdi.globaldatalab. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
Mahadi Al Hasnat (2 April 2018). "Mixed reactions as govt changes English spellings of 5 district names" (dhakatribune/bangladesh/2018/04/02/english-spellings-chittag ong-comilla-barisal-jessore-bogra-changed/). Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
Mohammad Mahibbullah Siddiqi (2012). "Cox's Bazar District" (en.banglapedia/inde x?title=Cox%E2%80%99s_Bazar_District). In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
"AL men appointed administrators" (thedailystar/newDesign/news-details.php?ni d=214399). The Daily Star.
̄¿. ইÀলয়¿¹ º¿ে¹ন চ¿ ̄ À®¿েগর জল¿ শ¿¹ক (ctgpratidin/%e0%a6%ae% e0%a7%8b-%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%bf%e0%a7%9f%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8- %e0%a6%b9%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a8-%e0%a6%9a%e0%a6% f%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%9f%e0%a6%97%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be/). Chattogram Pratidin (in Bengali). 27 January 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Jasim Uddin Harun (2012). "Chittagong District" (en.banglapedia/index.php?title=Chit tagong_District). In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
"Home Minister to launch 4 new thanas in Ctg tomorrow" (thefinancialexpress-bd m/old/index?ref=MjBfMDVfMjlfMTNfMV8xOTBfMTcwOTQ4). The Financial Express. 29 May 2013.
"Karnaphuli becomes Bangladesh's 490th Upazila" (bdnews24/bangladesh/2016/ 5/09/karnaphuli-becomes-bangladeshs-490th-upazila). bdnews24. 9 May 2016.
"Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011(Zila aeries)" (bbs.gov/site/pag e/47856ad0-7e1c-4aab-bd78-892733bc06eb/Population-and-Housing-Census). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
চ¿ে ̄র ¹েচেয় ¿চীন ই ̄¿রত (prothomalo/bangladesh/article/41009/%E0% A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B 0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E
Anupam Sen Nabinchandra Sen Surya Sen Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Nikhil Baran Sengupta Jiban Ghoshal Tarakeswar Dastidar Ahmed Sharif Lokman Khan Sherwani L. K. Siddiqi Shahidul Yousuf Sohel
Jack Stephens (set decorator) Suddhananda Mahathero Sukomal Barua Pritilata Waddedar Yasir Ali (Bangladeshi cricketer) Monica Yunus Muhammad Yunus Zamor Rajat Sen Minar Rahman
See also
References
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Boalkhali_Upazila
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en
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Boalkhali Upazila
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
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[] | null |
Boalkhali is an upazila of Chattogram District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh.
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en
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Wikiwand
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Boalkhali_Upazila
|
Upazila in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Boalkhali Upazila?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
SHOW ALL QUESTIONS
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https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/123562
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Habitat loss leads to rising cases of elephant attacks in Bangladesh
|
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[
"Bangladesh",
"elephant-human conflict",
"elephant attacks",
"habitat loss",
"Asian elephant",
"IUCN"
] | null |
[] | null |
The country director of International Union of Conservation of Nature said there's been more attacks as forest area reduced & elephants lost access to food.
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en
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/favicon.ico
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chinadailyhk
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https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/123562#Habitat-loss-leads-to-rising-cases-of-elephant-attacks-in-Bangladesh-2020-03-06
|
A sign that reads "Warning - Route for Wild Elephants" is pictured near Bangladesh's Balukhali camp for Rohingya refugees on Oct 14, 2017. ( INDRANIL MUKHERJEE / AFP)
DHAKA - Parveen Akther, a 45-year-old resident of Joistopura village under Boalkhali upazila in Chattogram, used to hardly experience elephant attacks. The fear of elephant attack has never been a part of daily life for her. But in the last five or six years, a herd of elephants have regularly scoured their village in search of food, in the process attacking people and damaging crops.
Now the constant fear of elephant attacks have gripped not only her but the whole village.
On Nov 24 last year, at least three people died in an elephant attack at Kodurkhil, a neighboring village. Another person died in December in a similar kind of attack in Joistapura.
Parveen told The Daily Star that they never saw such frequent attacks before. They are afraid of stepping out in the evenings, as darkness makes it tough to locate a charging elephant's position.
Elephants need large habitats. As connectivity between habitats are shrinking due to various development work, they have few spaces left to roam, forcing them to swoop in on localities.
Md Raquibul Amin, Country director, International Union of Conservation of Nature
Thousands of people are spending sleepless nights in various parts of six upazilas in Chattogram due to a sharp increase in elephant attacks. At least 10 people died in multiple attacks in the last four months at Rangunia, Boalkhali, Anwara, Bashkhali, Lohagora and Satkania upazilas.
ALSO READ: On the trail of elephants
According to the forest department, at least 88 elephants have died from 2001 to 2019 in Cox's Bazar, Chattogram and three districts of the Hill Tracts combined. From 2010 to 2019, around 50 people have died in elephant attacks.
Md Kamal Uddin, a 40-year-old resident of Sharaf Bhata union under Rangunia upazila, told The Daily Star that he did not see such frequent attacks even five years back.
"Every now and then, elephants attack our village and damage crops and claim people's lives," he said. An elderly person died in his village in January in such attack.
Abu Naser Md Yeasin Neyaz, divisional forest officer (nature conservation and wildlife) of Chattogram, said they formed nine elephant response teams comprising of 10 members each in the wake of repeated attacks.
The committee is actively working now at Anwara, Bashkhali and parts of Chakaria upazilas, he said, adding that they will form at least 30 such committees to reduce human-elephant conflict.
"Elephant response teams firstly try to understand the behaviour of elephants and then try to move them back to the forest, depending on their behavioral trend. The second task is to keep curious people outside of the range of elephants, so that no fatalities take place," he said.
Md Raquibul Amin, country director of International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN), told The Daily Star the extent of attacks have seen a sharp rise in recent years as forest area reduced and the elephants lost access to food.
Elephants hardly marauded across Rangunia and Anwara upazilas before, but in recent days elephant attacks in those areas became a common phenomenon, he said. It was necessary to look for the reason seriously, the IUCN country director added.
"Elephants need large habitats. As connectivity between habitats are shrinking due to various development work, they have few spaces left to roam, forcing them to swoop in on localities. Our development work must be elephant and wildlife friendly," he said.
IUCN classified the Asian elephant as an endangered species, with a population of 268 at present in Bangladesh.
READ MORE: India to install bee sound devices to protect elephants
Asked, elephant expert AHM Raihan Sarker, associate professor of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science at Chittagong University, said the habitats of elephants are getting destroyed in the name of development. Authorities often spurn the opinions of relevant experts in development planning, in the process costing forest areas and wildlife.
The correct methods of protecting forests are not followed properly, and results in people encroaching on forest land and shrinking the habitats of herbivores like elephants. Forest land is being leased out to many influential people in the locality, thus constricting the roaming space for elephants, he further added.
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https://propertyguide.com.bd/en/area-guide/karnafuly
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Karnafuly Area Guide: Discover Insights & Price Trends
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Dive into the Karnafuly area guide for in-depth insights and the price trends. Make informed decisions with our comprehensive review of the Karnafuly real estate market.
|
/favicon.ico
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PropertyGuide Bangladesh
|
https://propertyguide.com.bd/en/area-guide/karnafuly
|
Karnafuly, a place of around 55.36 sq km, is situated by the south bank of the Karnafuly River under the Chattogram City Corporation. The Karnafuly Area Guide shows the distance between the Chattogram district and the upazila is almost 10 kilometers. Around Karnafuly are Chandgaon Thana and Boalkhali Upazila in the south and Anwara Upazila in the north. In the east, Patiya Upazila is present, whereas Patenga Thana and Bandar Thana are in the west.
The area was formed with the 5 unions of the Patiya Upazila in 2016. Before this development, it used to be a thana under Patiya. So, currently, Karnafuly consists of these 5 unions: 1 no. Char Lakhya, 1 no. (Ka) Juldha, 1 no. (Kha) Char Patharghata, 2 no. Bara Uthan, and 3 no. Shikalbaha. According to the 2011 census, it is the residence of more than 160,000 people.
Karnafuly is a beautiful suburban area that is always refreshing because of its river. The locals often spend quality time in the Karnafuly breeze, soaking in its calm and therapeutic breeze during the evening.
If you ever decide to roam around the city, make sure to schedule a visit to the bridge in your travel plan! Other than the river and its bridge, Karnafuly has more places one would like to see, i.e., Shah Amanat Bridge, Bara Uthan Jamidar Bari, Kalarpool Bridge, etc.
Karnafuly is not just a scenic area but also a key player in the country’s economic development. Its Karnafuly Export Processing Zone (KEPZ) is a significant contributor to the national economy. The area’s growing economy is evident with the presence of numerous banks. The upcoming Karnafuly tunnel is set to further enhance the area's connectivity, making it an attractive hub for trade and commerce.
As a suburban area, Karnafuly is quite developed and has immense potential for further development. At present, it has many primary schools and several high schools, colleges, and madrasas. The Karnafuly CDA residential area provides standard housing for its community. Overall, life in Karnafuly is affordable and peaceful with its available amenities of living.
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1814
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dbpedia
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2
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https://www.inaturalist.org/places/wikipedia/Barisal
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en
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City in Barisal Division, Bangladesh
This article is about the city. For the upazila, see Barisal Sadar Upazila. For the district, see Barisal District. For the division, see Barisal Division.
Metropolis in Barisal Division, Bangladesh
Barisal ( or ; Bengali: বরিশাল, pronounced [boɾiʃal]),[a] officially known as Barishal,[4] is a major city that lies on the banks of the Kirtankhola river in south-central Bangladesh. It is the largest city and the administrative headquarter of both Barisal District[b] and Barisal Division. It is one of the oldest municipalities and river ports of the country. The city was once called the Venice of the East or the Venice of Bengal.[6]
Barisal municipality was established in 1876 during the British rule in India and upgraded to City Corporation on 25 July 2002.[7] Barisal is Bangladesh's third largest financial hub after Dhaka and Chittagong.[8][9] The city consists of 30 wards and 50 mahallas with a population of 533,000, according to the 2023 national census and with the voter of about 250,000 according to the 2018 voter list of city election.[10] The area of the city is 58 km2.[11]
History
[edit]
Barisal was part of the ancient kingdoms of Vanga, Gangaridai and Samatata. The region was ruled by Khadga, Pala, Chandra, Sena and Deva dynasty in the mediaeval period. It was conquered by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji and was later a significant territory of the Delhi Sultanate and Bengal Sultanate. After the decline of the Suri Empire, the territory became a semi-independent area in the Mughal period because of heavy fighting between the Muslims and Hindu chiefs, although most parts of the city were totally under the control of the governors of the proto-industrialised Bengal Subah. In course of time, it fell under the Bengal Nawabs. Raja Ramranjan Chakravarty was put as a de jure king during the Bengal Presidency of the British, later passed to East Pakistan at independence and finally Bangladesh.[12]
In ancient times, it was called Chandradwip (চন্দ্রদ্বীপ), while during the Medieval Islamic times it was also known as Ismailpur & Bacola (বাকলা) in Europe. Ralph Fitch, the first ever Englishman, a leather merchant, known to have visited Bengal in the mid-1580s, described Barisal in his journal as, "From Chatigan in Bengal, I came to Bacola; the king whereof is a Gentile, a man very well disposed and delighted much to shoot in a gun. His country is very great and fruitful, and hath store of rice, much cotton cloth, and cloth of silk. The houses are very fair and high built, the streets large, and people naked, except a little cloth about their waist. The women wear a great store of silver hoops about their necks and arms, and their legs are ringed with silver and copper, and rings made from elephants' teeth."[13]
The central city of this region is the city of Barisal. It is one of the biggest river ports in Bangladesh. It is a city with nearly 0.38 million people and a divisional headquarters, medical college, cadet college, some pharmaceutical industries, textile industries and the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority's head office. Barisal is fast growing city of the country stands on the Kirtankhola River. the country's first short landing and take off airport has been completed in Barisal and a private Airlines named Air Bengal has begun its regular air flight between Dhaka's Hazrat Shahjalal Airport and Barisal.[citation needed]
"Barisal guns" is a natural phenomenon named after Barisal; it is kind of a booming sound heard near lakes and rivers which is due to seismic activity under water, first heard in this region by the British in the 19th century.[citation needed]
Population
[edit]
Demographics
[edit]
According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, the population of Barisal (areas under the jurisdiction of the Barisal city corporation) stands at 328,278.[3] By gender, the population was 51.63% male and 48.37% female.[11]
The literacy rate among the urban people of Barisal is 75.3%,[14] which is significantly higher than the national average of 56.5%.[citation needed]
Most people in Barisal are Bengalis. The long-standing inhabitants of the city are known as Barisaliya and the most spoken Bengali dialect of this region is known as Barisali. Apart from them, the city population is composed of people from neighboring upazilas and districts (Patuakhali, Bhola, Pirojpur, Jhalakati, Barguna).[citation needed]
Religion
[edit]
The majority of Barisal's people are Muslims (89.30%), mainly Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school. Other religious groups include Hindus (9.7%), and very few numbers of other religions, mainly Christians (0.98%) and Buddhists (0.01%).[15]
Since 2015, the Catholic minority has its own Roman Catholic Diocese of Barisal.
Geography
[edit]
Barisal city occupies an area of 58 km2.
Barisal District, with an area of 2790.51 km2, is bounded by Madaripur, Shariatpur, Chandpur and Lakshmipur districts on the north, Patuakhali, Barguna and Jhalokati District on the south, Bhola and Lakshmipur districts on the east, Jhalokati, Pirojpur and Gopalganj districts on the west. Several rivers flow across Barisal including the Kirtankhola, Arial Khan, Khoyrabad, Kalijira and Sandha.
Climate
[edit]
Barisal has a climate on the border between a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and a tropical savanna climate (Aw).
Points of interest
[edit]
Durga Sagar in Madhabpasha
Shohel Chattar, Bibir Pukur Par
Padma Pukur, Barisal
Bell's Park aka Bangabandhu Udyan
30 Godown Freedom Fighters Monument
Barisal collectorete building
Barisal city at night
Collectorate pond
Durga Sagar: with an area of about 2,500 hectare, is the largest pond or dighi of southern Bangladesh. It is located at Madhabpasa village of babuganj upazila, about 11 km away from Barisal town. Locally it is known as Madhabpasha Dighi. According to a desire of Rani Durgavati, mother of Raja Joynarayan, the dighi was dug in 1780 (1187 BS). There are coconut trees around the dighi which together with the dighi are bounded by brick-walls. In the middle of the dighi, there is an island with bushes. Migratory birds usually come here during winter. The surrounding areas of the dighi has now been turned into a picnic spot. Madhabpasha was a capital of the kingdom of Chandradvipa.[citation needed]
Lakhutia: located approximately 8 km from Barisal's central business district, the Roy family estate is known as 'Lakhutia' (note: there are several variations of the spelling of this word, including 'Lakutia' and 'Lakhotia'). The Lakhutia zamindar estate was founded by Roop Chandra Roy in the late 17th century. Apart from the main mansion itself, the estate has several Shiva temples and large ponds on the vast property. The Lakhutia mansion – including the Roy family's personal property, was effectively destroyed during the extraordinary violence of the 1950 East Pakistan Riots, and then again later during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. While most of Lakhutia was destroyed during the 1950 and 1971 riots and genocide, the historical site and sparse remains of the mansion remain one of Barisal's main tourist attractions.
Architecture
[edit]
Barisal's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, and have been built over a long period of time.
Some well known heritage buildings are:
Sports
[edit]
Cricket and football are the two most popular sports in Barisal while tennis and kabaddi are also popular. There is a national stadium in the city known as Barisal Divisional Stadium (also known as Abdur Rab Serniabad Stadium). It is a multi-purpose stadium and has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. It is currently used mostly for cricket matches. It is also used for football and other sports. Besides, different organization share to stage a show there occasionally. Notable players from Barisal who have played for the national team include Shahriar Nafees, Sohag Gazi, Kamrul Islam Rabbi and Fazle Mahmud.[citation needed]
There is a regional sports training centre under Bangladesh Krira Shiksha Pratisthan (BKSP) situated at Rahamatpur in Barisal[20] Barisal is also home to the Bangladesh Premier League franchise Fortune Barishal.
Transport
[edit]
Air
[edit]
Barisal Airport is a domestic airport. Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Novoair and US-Bangla Airlines use this port. Active air-route is Barisal-Dhaka-Barisal.
River port
[edit]
Barisal River Port is the second largest river port of Bangladesh. It is the most popular way of communication for the people of Barisal to Dhaka, the capital city. It is also a popular transport system with other districts like Bhola, Barguna, Lakshmipur.
Road
[edit]
Barisal is connected to most other regions of the country via the N8 national highway. There are two bus terminals in Barisal, Nathullabad Central Bus terminal and Rupatali Bus Terminal, which connect Barisal to other districts.
Education
[edit]
Barisal is home to many educational institutions. Govt. Brojomohan College is the oldest institution of higher education in the city, founded in 1889. There is a public university University of Barisal and two private universities, a government medical college Sher-e-Bangla Medical College (SBMC), a textile engineering college Shaheed Abdur Rab Serniabat Textile Engineering College and an engineering college Barisal Engineering College. There are also educational institutions like Barisal Zilla School, Barisal Cadet College, Govt. Syed Hatem Ali College, Government Women's College, Govt. Barisal College, Amrita Lal Dey College, Barisal Govt. Girls High School, Barisal Model School and College and Barisal Asmat Ali Khan Institution (A.K. School). Besides these there are three teacher training colleges, a Government Polytechnic institute, two technical institutes, a homeopathic college and a social welfare training centre.[citation needed]
Major institutions include:
Amrita Lal Dey College
Barishal Cadet College
Barishal Engineering College
Barisal Government Women's College
Barisal Govt. Polytechnic Institute
Barishal Zilla School
Brojomohun College
Government Syed Hatem Ali College
Shahid Abdur Rab Serniabat Textile Engineering College
Sher-e-Bangla Medical College
University of Barishal
Media
[edit]
Barisal is a center for the newspaper, periodical and book publishers. Some locally published newspapers and periodicals are:
Newspapers
[edit]
Daily Ajker Barisal
Daily Ajker Barta
Daily Ajker Poribartan
Daily Banglar Bone
Daily Barisal Barta
Daily Barisal Bhorer Alo
Daily Barisal Pratidin
Daily Bhorer Angikar
Daily Biplobi Bangladesh
Daily Dakkhinanchal
Daily Motobad
Daily Satya Songbad
Daily Shahnama
Source:[21]
Periodicals
[edit]
Bakerganj Parikrama
Chirantan Bangla
Upakul
Gournadi Parikrama
Khadem
Jago Nare
Notable people
[edit]
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
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India Data Commons
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http://chittagong.amardesh.com/
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Chittagong District Information, Bangladesh
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Containing Brief information about Chittagong disrict along with basic profile, history, economy, area, population, newspapers, rivers information of the district.
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https://alchetron.com/Boalkhali-Upazila
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Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
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[
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2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00
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Boalkhali (Bengali ) is an Upazila of Chittagong District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Boalkhali is located at 22.3778N 91.9208E 22.3778 91.9208 . It previously had 33514 households and its total area is 145.44km. According to the 2001 Bangladesh Census, there were 3
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/favicon.ico
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Alchetron.com
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https://alchetron.com/Boalkhali-Upazila
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Geography
Boalkhali is located at 22.3778°N 91.9208°E / 22.3778; 91.9208 . It previously had 33514 households and its total area is 145.44 km².
According to the 2001 Bangladesh Census, there were 36,588 households.
Demographics
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Boalkhali has a population of 195607. Males constitute 51.75% of the population, and females 48.25%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 98116. Boalkhali has an average literacy rate of 48.5% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.
As of the 2001 Bangladesh census, the population was 201,590, comprising 104,601 males and 96,989 females. Boalkhali had 9 Unions, 31 Mauza and 30 villages and the literacy rate was 71.8%.
Economy
Agriculture and manufacturing are the two major economic sectors in Boalkhali. The main crops grown here are Paddy, Mustards, Onion, Garlic, Chili and other vegetables. The KorolDenga hills are very fertile for cultivating fruits. The main fruits cultivated here are Jackfruit, Mango, Olive, Papaya, Guava, Kamranga, Banana, KoshshoGula, FyinnaGula, Boththa, Aamra, Pineapple, Lemon and Jambura. The main trees planted in the Koroldenga hills are Agar, Rubber and Teak. The bank of Karnafuli River is also very fertile for cultivation. There are so many fisheries, dairies and poultries in Boalkhali Upazila.
There are a lot of Hats and Bazars in Boalkhali. Hazir Hat, Chowdhury Hat, Munsi Hut, Jomadar Hat etc. are famous Bazar.
The transportation of Boalkhali Upazila is very developed compare to other parts of the country. People can navigate through Karnafuli River, Rail, Bus, Tempoo,CNG(Local Taxi). For Rail there are two stations one in Gomdandi and another one in Bengura.
Administration
Boalkhali has 10 Unions/Wards, 36 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 34 villages.
Boalkhali Municipality is formed by nine ward in 2012 which area is loacate by the whole Former East Gondandi Union, West Gomdandi unit 1 to 6 and Khadurkhil unit 1 to 3 from Union Parishod.
Kadhurkhil (কধুরখীল)
West Gomdandi (পশ্চিম গোমদন্ডী)
Shakpura (শাকপুরা)
Saroatali (সারোয়াতলী)
Popadia (পোপাদিয়া)
Charandwip (চরণদ্বীপ)
Sreepur Kharandwip (শ্রীপুর-খরণদ্বীপ)
Amuchia (আমুচিয়া)
Ahla Karaldenga (আহল্লা করলডেঙ্গা)
Mayor
Haji Abul Kalam (Abu) Bangladesh National Party
Upazila Chairman:
Alhaj Md. Ata Ul Haque, Bangladesh Awami League
Vice Chairman:
Obidul Haque Haqqani, Bangladesh Islami Front
Woman Vice Chairman:
Shehada Akter Safu, Bangladesh National Party
Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO):
Khandaker Nurul Hoq,
Notable residents
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India Data Commons
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https://datacommons.iitm.ac.in/custom_dc/iitm/favicon.ico
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https://datacommons.iitm.ac.in/custom_dc/iitm/favicon.ico
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https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/yp116zy3gz
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Freedom fighters’ shelter Sen Bari: Octogenarian Chhobi Sen’s pride, and pique
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[
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2024-04-17T02:02:40
|
For octogenarian Chhobi Sen, Sen Bari is a source of pique, besides pride, over the lack of recognition of the house full of Liberation War memories
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en
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Freedom fighters’ shelter Sen Bari: Octogenarian Chhobi Sen’s pride, and pique
|
https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/yp116zy3gz
|
Joishthapura village, some 10 kilometres north-east from the main town of Boalkhali Upazila in Chattogram, is nestled among hills and a river. This serene setting provided a safe haven for the Mukti Bahini, Bangladesh's freedom fighters, and civilians during the 1971 Liberation War.
Sen Bari, a two-storey mud house in Joishtapura, stands as a silent witness to the war's history in the village. Its doors were open at all times to freedom fighters using the residence as a transit point or shelter.
“Joishthapura’s Sen Bari was the shelter of freedom fighters from different parts of the country who used to take refuge there. Some would go for training and some to war from there. I myself went to the house before joining the training,” said freedom fighter Ahmad Hossain.
Ahmad was vice-president of Chhatra League’s Chattogram District Unit during the war. He became president of the unit afterwards.
Nipul Kumar Sen, a resident of the neighbouring house, was a tenth grader during the war. He also said that the house was a shelter for freedom fighters in 1971.
“Some university students came to the house at that time. They arranged training for youths at Madhav School (Madhav Government Primary School now) which is close to the house. Many of them were at this house after the training. Later they would go to India to receive training,” Nipul recalled.
As the house is surrounded by hills and a river, it was not affected by the violence of Pakistani soldiers, a fact that made it a perfect place for freedom fighters to take shelter.
In a recent conversation with bdnews24.com, Sen Bari’s oldest resident Chhobi Sen recalled memories of the war.
A group of around 30 to 40 freedom fighters came to the house at first with a man named Abul Hossain a few days after the war had begun. He was known as Abul Hossain Commander among the locals for his bravery.
Sen Bari had ponds bustling with fish and silos full of paddy and other crops during the war, she said.
“My sister-in-law and I cooked food for them for over a week after their arrival. Later the number of people gradually started to rise. Besides freedom fighters, people from different villages began to come. Then they started to prepare their own food. Our four ponds were full of fish and we had rice, the freedom fighters used to bring food and cook them later,” Chhobi recalled.
She said two of her three sons were sent to India at the beginning of the war. She stayed back at the house with her younger son and two daughters, accompanied by her father and daughter-in-law, a school teacher.
“We vacated the main house and moved to a small room in the south end when the number of freedom fighters rose. Everyone used to travel to the house. A group would come and another would leave just after dawn. Weapons were brought and stored here. Freedom fighters kept guard on different sides of the house. People from the Bengal Regiment also visited the house,” Chhobi said.
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https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/access-safe-drinking-water-dec-south-ctg-3454631
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Access to safe drinking water by Dec in south Ctg
|
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[
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[
"Sifayet Ullah"
] |
2023-10-28T00:00:00+06:00
|
The residents of the southern parts of Chattogram district will finally have access to pure drinking water from December, thanks to the Bhandal Jhuri Water Supply Project.
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en
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https://www.thedailystar.net/sites/all/themes/sloth/favicon.ico
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The Daily Star
|
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/access-safe-drinking-water-dec-south-ctg-3454631
|
The residents of the southern parts of Chattogram district will finally have access to pure drinking water from December, thanks to the Bhandal Jhuri Water Supply Project.
The region, home to 35,000 people employed in multiple industries, including the state-owned Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Limited, and export processing zones, has seen a crisis of drinking water for decades.
Since its inception in 1963, Chattogram Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (CWasa) has so far failed to take effective measures in this regard due to various reasons and kept its operations limited to catering to the needs of Chattogram city.
Many tubewells in the southern part of the district became dysfunctional due to depleted groundwater reserves as a direct consequence of over extraction for industrial use. Around 500 tube wells are lying abandoned in Anwara alone, according to the public health engineering department.
Stretching across 41 acres of land on the bank of Karnaphuli river in Boalkhali, the Tk 1,036 crore BJWSP project was initially approved by the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council on January 5, 2016 to address the water crisis. The project was slated for completion by September 2020.
However, CWasa failed to implement the project within the stipulated time and allotted budget, before the deadline was extended till June 2023 while the budget was increased to Tk 1,995 crore.
Under the project, the BJWSP authority has constructed a 130-kilometre water transmission line, a water treatment plant, and two water reservoirs.
About 75 percent of the plant's water will be supplied to four southern upazilas of the district -- Patiya, Anwara, Karnaphuli and Boalkhali, said CWasa officials.
The factories currently have to spend huge amounts of money for treating water from local sources for use, said Salaudding Kabir Tipu, manager of a garment factory in Anwara upazila.
"The water supply will help reduce our production costs," he added.
Anamul Hoque, a resident of Karnaphuli upazila, said, "The project can solve the drinking water crisis and boost business in the southern parts of the district."
"Water from the Karnaphuli is being treated at the plant as the construction works are complete. We will supply water to 10,000 residential customers through this project," said Mahabubul Alam, director of the BJWSP and superintendent engineer of CWasa.
|
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https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Boalkhali_Upazila
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en
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Boalkhali Upazila
|
http://en.banglapedia.org/images/c/cc/BoalkhaliUpazila.jpg
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http://en.banglapedia.org/images/c/cc/BoalkhaliUpazila.jpg
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Boalkhali Upazila (chittagong district) area 126.46 sq km, located in between 22°20' and 22°25' north latitudes and in between 91°52' and 92°03' east longitudes. It is bounded by raozan and rangunia upazilas on the north, patiya upazila on the south, Rangunia upazila on the east, chandgaon thana and Karnafuli river on the west.
Population Total 223125; male 109273, female 113852; Muslim 177202, Hindu 41447, Buddhist 4241, Christian 131 and others 104.
Water bodies Main river: karnafuli.
Administration Boalkhali Thana was formed on 9 August 1910 and it was turned into an' upazila on 3 July 1983.
Upazila Municipality Union Mouza Village Population Density (per sq km) Literacy rate (%) Urban Rural Urban Rural - 10 35 34 51157 171968 1764 60.9 58.3
Upazila Town
Area (sq km)
Mouza
Population
Density (per sq km)
Literacy rate (%)
14.48 3 51157 3533 60.9
Union Name of union and GO code Area (Acre) Population Literacy rate (%) Male Female Amchia 19 3210 5260 5395 58.1 Ahla Karaldanga 9 5540 7086 7778 53.0 Kandhurkhil 47 2445 11981 12718 63.2 Charandwip 28 1497 8823 10103 57.2 Purba Gomdandi 38 1720 14155 14801 59.0 Popadia 57 2564 12057 11131 65.7 Paschim Gomdandi 50 2560 (2001) 19354 19385 52.6 Sakpura 76 2028 10768 11433 63.4 Sreepur Kharandwip 85 8146 9212 10168 51.9 Saroatali 66 2686 10577 10940 65.1
Source Bangladesh Population Census 2001 and 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
Archaeological heritage and relics Sreepura Bura Mosque, Dewan Vita (c. 1711), Mazar of Hzrat Bu-ali Kalandar (R) at Karaldanga, Kalachan Thakur Bari (Popadia), Lalar Dighi (Kandhurkhil), Kanungopara Shyam Roy Mandir and Medos Hermitage.
War of Liberation Many people were killed or wounded in direct encounters between the freedom fighters and the Pak army at different places of the upazila such as Kalurghat, Fakirni Dighir Par and Kanungo Para. The Pak army conducted mass killing at the premises of the Durgabari of Kadhurkhil on 13 October. Besides, they also conducted torture and plundering and set many houses on fire. Memorial monuments have been established at two places of the upazila (Shaheed Shantimoy Khastogir and Shaheed Dilip Chowdhury memorials at Kanungo Para adjacent to Sir Asutosh College)
For details: see বোয়ালখালী উপজেলা, বাংলাদেশ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জ্ঞানকোষ (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh War of Liberation), বাংলাদেশ এশিয়াটিক সোসাইটি, ঢাকা ২০২০, খণ্ড ৭।
Religious institutions Mosque 198, temple 40, church 1, pagoda 18, tomb 15.
Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 58.9%; male 60.2%, female 57.6%. Noted educational institutions: Sir Asutosh Degree College (1939), Boalkhali Sirajul Islam Degree College (1970), Kandhurkhil Jalil Ambia Degree College (1970), Purna Chandra Sen Saroatali High School (1880), Sakpura Adarsha High School (1915), Kanungo Para Dr. Bibhutibhushan High School (1917), Charandwip Dewan Bibi Girls' High School (1921), Mukta Keshe Girls' High School (1928), Sakpura Probortak Girls' High School (1930), Sree Aurobindo Girls' High School (1943), Khitabchar Azizia Mabudia Aliya Madrasa (1970).
Newspapers and periodicals Monthly: Boalkhali, Boalkhali Barta (defunct), Somajchitra; Fortnightly: Alokito Boalkhali.
Cultural organisations library 15,' Club 1, sports organisation 1, women's association 1.
Special attractions Historical Karoldanga Hill, extended river bank of Karnafuli.
Main sources of income Agriculture 18.06%, non-agircultural labourer 4.40%, industry 0.52%, commerce 19.29%, transport and communication 3.49%, service 22.54%, construction 1.34%, religious service 0.50%, rent and remittance 12% and others 17.86%.
Ownership of agricultural land Landowner 39.07%, landless 60.93%.
Main crops Paddy, potato, jute, tobacco.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Sugarcane.
Main fruits Guava, palm.
Fisheries, dairies and poultries This Upazila has a number of fisheries, dairies and poultries.
Communication facilities Pacca road 95 km, semi pacca road 200, mud road 350 km; railways 5 km; waterways 20 km.
Extinct or nearly extinct traditional transport Palanquin, bullock cart, 'horse carriage.
Noted manufactories Yarn mill, paper mill, ice factory, garments industry, salt industry, steel factory, ship construction factory.
Cottage industries Weaving, potteries, lime industry.
Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 11, fairs 1; most noted of which are Murad Munshi Hat, Nurulla Munshi Hat, Kalai Hat, Chowdhury Hat, Zamadar Hat, Arnopurna Hat, Chadar Hat, Kanugopara Master Bazar and Hari Mandir Baishakhi Mela, Kalachan Thakur Bari Mela and Surjo Broto Mela.
Main exports Cloths, chicken and milk.
Access to electricity All the unions of the upazila are under rural electrification net-work; however, 88.0% dwelling households have access to electricity.
Sources of drinking water Tube-well 95.2%, tap 1.3% and others 3.5%.
Sanitation 82.7% of dwelling households of the upazila use sanitary latrines and 16.1% of dwelling houses use non-sanitary latrines; 1.2% of households do not have latrine facilities.
Health centres Upazila health complex 1, union health centre 6, family welfare centre 9.
NGO activities asa, proshika. [Golam Kibria Bhuiyan]
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3
| 91
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https://alchetron.com/Raozan-Upazila
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en
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Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
|
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] |
[] |
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[
""
] | null |
[] |
2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00
|
Raozan (Bengali ) is an Upazila of Chittagong District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. It was established in 1947. It has 45,775 households and a total area of 246.58km. The two main rivers are Karnaphuli and Halda. Raozan is surrounded by Fatikchhari Upazila on the north, Boalkh
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
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Alchetron.com
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https://alchetron.com/Raozan-Upazila
|
Geography
It has 45,775 households and a total area of 246.58 km². The two main rivers are Karnaphuli and Halda. Raozan is surrounded by Fatikchhari Upazila on the north, Boalkhali Upazila and karnafuli river on the south, Rangunia and Kawkhali(Rangamati) Upazilas on the east, and Hathazari and Fatikchhari Upazila on the west.
Demographics
According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Raozan had a population of 274,344. Males constituted 50.58% of the population, while females constituted about 49.42% of the population. The average literacy rate is 52.5% (7+ years), above the national average of 32.4%.
Administration
Raozan has 1 municipality, 15 Unions/Wards, 68 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 76 villages. It has a fire station and two health complexes.
Notable residents
A. B. M. Fazle Karim Chowdhury, MP. Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on the ministry of Railways, president of the Inter Parliamentary Union (Ipo)
A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Former Mayor of the Chittagong City Corporation.
Abdullah Al Haroon, former Member of Parliament; Freedom Fighter; Forerunner of language movement in 1952; philanthropist
Abudullah Al Noman Ex-Minister, Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Benimadhab Barua, First D-Lit in Asia.
Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry - Former acting President of Pakistan,Former Speaker of Pakistan National Assembly, President of Muslim League.
Giasuddin Quader Chowdhury - Former MP, President of Chittagong BNP (North) of Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Saber Hossain Chowdhury, MP, Member of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on the Ministry of Environment, Former Deputy Minister, Former Political Secretary to the Prime Minister, Vice President of the Inter Parliamentary Union
Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury ex-Minister, Bangladesh Nationalist Party, recently hanged for proving to be a war criminal of 1971
Shabana (actress), Film actress, producer *
Surya Sen, anti-British revolutionary
Zia Uddin Bablu ex-Minister, Bangladesh Jatiyo party.
Rupankar Chowdhury Social Helper . Poet & Literature.
Natun Chandra Sinha Social Helper.
Nabin Chandra Sen Poet & Literature.
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https://www.thedailystar.net/city/compensation-affected-population-demanded-102634
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en
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Compensation for affected population demanded
|
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Staff Correspondent",
"Ctg"
] |
2015-06-25T00:00:00+06:00
|
Environmental activists in Chittagong city yesterday demanded compensation from Bangladesh Railway for the people dependent on the rivers Karnaphuli and Halda due to their
|
en
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https://www.thedailystar.net/sites/all/themes/sloth/favicon.ico
|
The Daily Star
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https://www.thedailystar.net/city/compensation-affected-population-demanded-102634
|
Environmental activists in Chittagong city yesterday demanded compensation from Bangladesh Railway for the people dependent on the rivers Karnaphuli and Halda due to their pollution after an oil spill in the water bodies.
Due to the pollution, the people are at risk of health problems, they said.
A train carrying furnace oil derailed and three of its wagons fell into a canal when a bridge collapsed at Khitabchar of Boalkhali upazila on Friday.
The canal flows into the Karnaphuli, some 10 to 12 kilometres off the spot.
The demand was made at a rally followed by a human chain formed by Jalashoy and Jaladhar Rakkha Committee in front of Chittagong Press Club.
The bridge was declared risky about a decade ago but the BR authorities did not take any step to repair it, alleged Advocate Rehena Begum Ranu, president of the organisation.
Moreover, the railway authorities remained nonchalant even after two days of the incident, she said
Rather the authorities discouraged locals to collect oil, said the speakers.
Meanwhile, the BR authorities yesterday fixed the railway line that was damaged in the bridge collapse.
However, the wagons plunged into the canal could not be salvaged till 2:30pm, said Md Ramjan Ali, additional chief engineer (bridge) of the railway's East Zone.
Cleaning of the oil-tainted plants and bushes almost ended, said Khondakar Nurul Huq, Upazila Nirbahi Officer of Boalkhali upazila.
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https://bobby1933.livejournal.com/585757.html
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Sri Chinmoy - Wise And Otherwise
|
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"живой журнал",
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I hesitated to post this article on Chinmoy Ghose among my interspirituals because of the allegations made about his arrogance, claims to special status, and abuse of power. I do not disbelieve these allegations, though they were never proven and Chinmoy continued to be admired by…
|
https://bobby1933.livejournal.com/585757.html
| ||||||||
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dbpedia
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https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/pubd4b347w
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en
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Chattogram sees heavy damage, two deaths in aftermath of Cyclone Hamoon
|
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[
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"disconnected",
"disruption",
"Chandanaish",
"Banshkhali",
"road",
"power",
"death",
"damage"
] | null |
[
"Senior Correspondent"
] |
2023-10-25T13:00:12
|
Banshkhali and Chandanaish are completely without electricity due to storm damage
|
en
|
Chattogram sees heavy damage, two deaths in aftermath of Cyclone Hamoon
|
https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/pubd4b347w
|
Two people have died and heavy damage has been reported in several upazilas in Chattogram in the aftermath of Cyclone Hamoon. Two upazilas are completely without electricity as well.
Banshkhali Upazila has suffered serious damage due to the storm, said Jasmine Akhtar, the upazila’s executive officer. Trees felled by the storm have cut off road connectivity in several parts of the upazila.
“An initial report says that one person died in Saral Union. About 85 others have been injured.”
The upazila does not have power, Akhtar said. Internal roads are closed as well. The local authority is still trying to collect all the information, she said.
A woman has died after a tree fell on her house due to the cyclone, said Milton Biswas, the Satkania Upazila executive officer.
The victim was identified as 65-year-old Bakuma Khatun from ward-5 of Khagria Union.
Many trees were felled in several villages in the upazila, UNO Biswas said. Fallen branches and trees have also disrupted power lines. An initial report says that 123 houses were partially damaged by the storm.
Cyclone Hamoon hit the Chittagong-Cox's Bazar coast on Tuesday evening. After pouring rain in Cox’s Bazar, the cyclone turned into a low pressure system at around 1:00 pm.
The storm disrupted power in several areas including Satkania, Banshkhali, Chandanaish, Lohagara since Tuesday night.
Though the electricity was restored in some upazilas, Banshkhali and Chandanaish are still without power, said Dilip Chandra Chowdhury, senior general manager and engineer at the Chattogram Rural Power Council-1.
Dilip said that trees had fallen in different areas and connection lines were severed. Electric poles were also uprooted or damaged in many places.
Power lines have been damaged in Satkania Upazila, but its source line has been restarted, he said. However, it is not fully operational yet. The Banshkhali and Chandanaish upazilas are completely disconnected, he said.
Md Saifullah Mazumdar, the relief and rehabilitation officer for the Chattogram district, said that news had come in of damage in many places, but details were scarce. Due to lack of power in certain areas, mobile networks have also been disrupted, which is making it difficult to collect information, he said.
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http://doict.satkania.chittagong.gov.bd/en/site/top_banner/B8Rg-%25E0%25A6%2586%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BF-%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF
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en
|
http://file-chittagong.portal.gov.bd/media/central/themes/theme-default/img/logo.png
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http://file-chittagong.portal.gov.bd/media/central/themes/theme-default/img/logo.png
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Karnaphuli_Upazila
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Karnaphuli Upazila
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Karnaphuli is an Upazila of Chattogram District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh. Administration Karnaphuli Thana was established on 27 May 2000. Karnaphuli, a police station area under Chattogram's Patiya, has been upgraded to an Upazila.
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Wikiwand
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Karnaphuli_Upazila
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Upazila in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Karnaphuli Upazila?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boalkhali_Municipality
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Boalkhali Municipality
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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2016-04-17T06:23:21+00:00
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boalkhali_Municipality
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Municipality in Bangladesh
Boalkhali Municipality is a self-governed entity that governs the town of Boalkhali in Chittagong District, Bangladesh. It is a part of Chittagong Division.
It was formed by former East Gomdandi Headquarter Union and one to six units of West Gomdandi union and one to three units of Kadhurkil Union Parishad.
The area includes nine election units or wards. Every unit's voters elect one councillor and one female councillor by three units/wards.
Boalkhali Municipality is located about 14 km east of Chittagong District and is west of Boalkhali Upazila. Khadurkhil Union is to the northeast of Khadurkhil and Popadia and the Saroathali Union of Boalkhali Municipality. To its south is Shakpura and to its west is Gomdandi union. Kharnafully river is situated in Boalkhali Municipality.
The name comes from religious scholar and Islamic spiritual Hazarat Bu-ali kandahar Shah (RW). The upazila municipality name is also Boalkhali.
Boalkhali Municipality is formed by the East Gomdandi Union, 1 to 6 NO union word of West Gomdandi and 1 to 3 union word of Khadurkhil Union in October 2012.
Wordwise area of Boalkhali Municipality:
Word NO Boundary/Area Locality/Area Name 01 NO East- Kazi Road ও DC Road
West- Karnafully River
North- Chowdhury Hat DC Road
South- Koibortto Para RupMazi Road
02 No East- Noor Mazi Canal, Chandaria Canal
West- Khalurghat Vandarjuri Road
North- Koibortto Para Road
South- Corakhali Canal
03 No East- Kashem Miah Cow Bazar Road
West- Katakhali ও Chandiara Canal North- Chandiara Canal
South- Katakhali and Munshi Para Road
04 No East- Howla Road and Chandiara Canal
West- Fateh Ali Bari Road
North- Munshi Para Road and Ali Ahmed Commissioner Road
South- Beyccakhai Canal
05 NO East- East Gomdandi Janata Circular Road & East Gomdandi Chowdhury Para Road
West- Jalil Vander Road
North- Chandiara Canal
South- Raikhali Canal & East Gomdandi Chowdhury Para Road
East Gomdandi Chowdhury Para
Daraf Para
Mufthi Para
06 NO East - Jalil Vander Road
West- Yousup Talukder Para Road and Nayeb Ali Road
North- Yousup Talukder Para Road
South- Raikhali Canal
07 No East- Nayeb Ali Road
West- Mohan Bashi Road
North- Howla DC Road
South- Raikhali Canal
08 No East- BecaGazi Road
West- Mohan Bashi Road
North- Howla DC Road
South- Raikhali Canal
09 No East- Yousup Talukder Para Road
West- Karnafully River
North- Chandiara Canal and Bori Mar Canal
South- Mordoan Canal
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https://alchetron.com/Boalkhali-Upazila
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Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia
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Boalkhali (Bengali ) is an Upazila of Chittagong District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Boalkhali is located at 22.3778N 91.9208E 22.3778 91.9208 . It previously had 33514 households and its total area is 145.44km. According to the 2001 Bangladesh Census, there were 3
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https://alchetron.com/Boalkhali-Upazila
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Geography
Boalkhali is located at 22.3778°N 91.9208°E / 22.3778; 91.9208 . It previously had 33514 households and its total area is 145.44 km².
According to the 2001 Bangladesh Census, there were 36,588 households.
Demographics
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Boalkhali has a population of 195607. Males constitute 51.75% of the population, and females 48.25%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 98116. Boalkhali has an average literacy rate of 48.5% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.
As of the 2001 Bangladesh census, the population was 201,590, comprising 104,601 males and 96,989 females. Boalkhali had 9 Unions, 31 Mauza and 30 villages and the literacy rate was 71.8%.
Economy
Agriculture and manufacturing are the two major economic sectors in Boalkhali. The main crops grown here are Paddy, Mustards, Onion, Garlic, Chili and other vegetables. The KorolDenga hills are very fertile for cultivating fruits. The main fruits cultivated here are Jackfruit, Mango, Olive, Papaya, Guava, Kamranga, Banana, KoshshoGula, FyinnaGula, Boththa, Aamra, Pineapple, Lemon and Jambura. The main trees planted in the Koroldenga hills are Agar, Rubber and Teak. The bank of Karnafuli River is also very fertile for cultivation. There are so many fisheries, dairies and poultries in Boalkhali Upazila.
There are a lot of Hats and Bazars in Boalkhali. Hazir Hat, Chowdhury Hat, Munsi Hut, Jomadar Hat etc. are famous Bazar.
The transportation of Boalkhali Upazila is very developed compare to other parts of the country. People can navigate through Karnafuli River, Rail, Bus, Tempoo,CNG(Local Taxi). For Rail there are two stations one in Gomdandi and another one in Bengura.
Administration
Boalkhali has 10 Unions/Wards, 36 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 34 villages.
Boalkhali Municipality is formed by nine ward in 2012 which area is loacate by the whole Former East Gondandi Union, West Gomdandi unit 1 to 6 and Khadurkhil unit 1 to 3 from Union Parishod.
Kadhurkhil (কধুরখীল)
West Gomdandi (পশ্চিম গোমদন্ডী)
Shakpura (শাকপুরা)
Saroatali (সারোয়াতলী)
Popadia (পোপাদিয়া)
Charandwip (চরণদ্বীপ)
Sreepur Kharandwip (শ্রীপুর-খরণদ্বীপ)
Amuchia (আমুচিয়া)
Ahla Karaldenga (আহল্লা করলডেঙ্গা)
Mayor
Haji Abul Kalam (Abu) Bangladesh National Party
Upazila Chairman:
Alhaj Md. Ata Ul Haque, Bangladesh Awami League
Vice Chairman:
Obidul Haque Haqqani, Bangladesh Islami Front
Woman Vice Chairman:
Shehada Akter Safu, Bangladesh National Party
Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO):
Khandaker Nurul Hoq,
Notable residents
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitakunda_Upazila
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Sitakunda Upazila
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitakunda_Upazila
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Upazila in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh
This article is about the Upazila. For town, see Sitakunda.
Upazila in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Sitakunda (Bengali: সীতাকুণ্ড Shitakunḍo, IPA: [ʂitakunɖo]) is an upazila in the Chattogram District of Chattogram Division, Bangladesh. It includes one urban settlement, the Sitakunda Town, and 10 unions. Sitakunda is the home of the country's first eco-park, as well as alternative energy projects, specifically wind energy and geothermal power.
Sitakunda is one of the oldest sites of human habitation in Bangladesh. During much of its history, it was ruled alternatively by various Buddhist rulers of Myanmar in the east and Muslims rulers of Bengal in the west. For a brief period in the 8th century, it was ruled by the Buddhist Pala Empire of India. The eastern rulers originated from the Kingdom of Arakan, the Mrauk U dynasty, Arakanese pirates and the Pagan Kingdom. The western rulers came from the Sultanate of Bengal and the Mughal province (Suba) of Bangala. European rule of Sitakunda was heralded by Portuguese privateers in 16th and 17th centuries, who ruled together with the pirates; and the British Raj in 18th and 19th centuries, who unified Sitakunda into the rest of the Chittagong District. Diderul Alam is the Current Member of parliament of Sitakunda
Economic development in Sitakunda is largely driven by the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway and the railway. Though Sitakunda is predominantly an agricultural area, it also has the largest ship breaking industry in the world.[1][2] The industry has been accused of neglecting workers' rights, especially concerning work safety practices and child labor. It has also been accused of harming the environment, particularly by causing soil contamination. Sitakunda's ecosystems are further threatened by deforestation, over-fishing, and groundwater contamination. The upazila is also susceptible to natural hazards such as earthquakes, cyclones, and storm surges. It lies on one of the most active seismic faults in Bangladesh, the Sitakunda–Teknaf fault.
Sitakunda is renowned for its numerous Islamic, Hindu and Buddhist shrines. It has 280 mosques, 8 mazars, 49 Hindu temples, 4 ashrams, and 3 Buddhist temples. Among its notable religious sites are the Chandranath Temple (a Shakti Peetha or holy pilgrimage site), Vidarshanaram Vihara (founded by the scholar Prajnalok Mahasthavir), and the Hammadyar Mosque (founded by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah). The attraction of Sitakunda as a tourist destination is elevated by these pilgrimage sites along with the hill range and the eco-park. Despite its diverse population, the area has gone through episodes of communal strife, including attacks on places of worship. There have been reports of activity by the Islamic militant group Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh since the early 2000s.[3][4]
History
[edit]
The legends of the area state the sage Bhargava created a pond (kunda) for Sita to bathe in when her husband Lord Ramchandra visited during his exile in the forests. Sitakunda derived its name from this incident.[5][6]
Sitakunda has been occupied by humans since the Neolithic era; tools associated with the prehistoric Assam group have been found throughout the area.[7] In 1886, shouldered celts manufactured from petrified wood were discovered, as reported by Indian archaeologist Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay in his book Banglar Itihas, or History of Bengal, (volume I, 1914).[8][9] In 1917, British mineralogist Dr. J. Coggin Brown uncovered more prehistoric celts.[10] Large quantities of pebbles have also been found, but archaeologists have not determined whether they were used in the construction of prehistoric tools.[8]
During the 6th and 7th centuries CE, the Chittagong region was ruled by the Kingdom of Arakan.[11] In the next century, it was briefly ruled by Dharmapala (reign: 770–810) of the Pala Empire.[12] The area was conquered in 1340 by Sultan Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah (reign: 1338–1349) of Sonargaon, who founded the first dynasty of the Sultanate of Bengal.[11] When Sultan Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah (reign: 1533–1538) of the last dynasty of the Sultanate of Bengal was defeated in 1538 by Sher Shah Suri of the Sur Dynasty, the Arakanese captured the region again. Batsauphyu (reign: 1459–1482) of the Mrauk U dynasty took advantage of the weakness of Sultan Barbak Shah of Bengal to lead the invasion.[13] In this period, Keyakchu (or Chandrajyoti), a prince of Arakan, established a monastery in Sitakunda.[14] Between 1538 and 1666, Portuguese privateers (known as Firinghis or Harmads) made inroads into Chittagong and ruled the region in alliance with Arakanese pirates. During those 128 years, the eastern coast of Bengal became a home to pirates of Portuguese and Arakanese origins.[13][15][16] For a brief period in 1550, it was taken over by Pagan invaders.[17] In 1666, Mughal commander Bujurg Umed Khan conquered the area.[11][13]
Along with the rest of Bengal, Sitakunda came under the rule of the British East India Company after the company's defeat of the Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Rapid growth in the Bengali population since then resulted in an exodus of non-Bengali people from Sitakunda and its vicinity to the Chittagong Hill Tracts.[18][19] During the Ardhodaya Yog movement, a part of the Swadeshi Indian independence movement, the governance of Sitakunda was briefly in the hands of Indian nationalists when, in February 1908, they took over the central government in Kolkata.[20][21] In 1910, Indian Petroleum Prospecting Company drilled here for hydrocarbon exploration, the first such activity in East Bengal. In 1914, the first onshore wildcat well in Bangladesh was drilled at Sitakunda anticline to a depth of 762 metres (2,500 ft).[22] By 1914, however, all four of the wells drilled had proven to be failures.[23]
After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British colonial government (British Raj) replaced the governance of the East India Company. When the British withdrew in 1947, after creating the independent states of India and Pakistan, Sitakunda became a part of East Pakistan. The potential for a ship breaking industry first appeared in 1964 when Chittagong Steel House started scrapping MD Alpince, a 20,000 metric tons (19,684 long tons) Greek ship that had been accidentally beached near Fouzdarhat by a tidal bore four years earlier.[24][25][26] On 15 February 1950, Hindu pilgrims form all over East Bengal, Tripura and Assam arriving for Maha Shivaratri were attacked by the Ansars and armed Muslim mobs and massacred at the Sitakunda railway station.[27][28]
During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, Sitakunda was part of Sector 1, led by Ziaur Rahman and Major Rafiqul Islam of the Mukti Bahini, the forces fighting for the independence of Bangladesh. The ship breaking industry began in earnest in 1974 when Karnafully Metal Works started scrapping Al Abbas, a Pakistani ship damaged in 1971, and flourished in the 1980s.[24][29] As of 2007, Sitakunda had overtaken the ship breaking industries of India and Pakistan to become the largest in the world.[1][2]
In the early 2000s, Islamic militant organization Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) leader Siddikul Islam (also known as Bangla Bhai) ran militant training centers in the upazila at which participants learned to make bombs and handle firearms.[4][30] One of his followers, Mahfuzul Huq, was captured on 21 February 2006.[3]
Geography and climate
[edit]
Sitakunda Upazila occupies an area of 483.97 square kilometres (186.86 sq mi),[31] which includes 61.61 square kilometres (23.79 sq mi) of forest.[32] It is bordered by Mirsharai to the north, Pahartali to the south, Fatickchhari, Hathazari and Panchlaish to the east, and the Sandwip Channel in the Bay of Bengal to the west.[33] The Sitakunda range is a 32-kilometre (20 mi) long ridge in the center of the upazila, which reaches an altitude of 352 metres (1,155 ft) above sea level at Chandranath or Sitakunda peak, the highest peak in Chittagong District.[16][34] Part of Sitakunda is covered by the low hill ranges, while the rest is in the Bengal flood plain.[34] To the north, Rajbari Tila at 274 metres (899 ft) and Sajidhala at 244 metres (801 ft) are the highest peaks in this range, which drops abruptly to a height of less than 92 metres (302 ft) in the vicinity of Chittagong City to the south.[34] About 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Sitakunda Town is the Labanakhya saltwater hot spring, which has been proposed as a source of geothermal energy.[35][36] There are two waterfalls in the hills: Sahasradhara (thousand streams) and Suptadhara (hidden stream).[37] Both have been identified as sites requiring special attention for protection and preservation by the National Heritage Foundation of Bangladesh.[38]
An area prone to cyclones and storm surges,[39] Sitakunda was affected by cyclones in 1960, 1963, 1970, 1988, 1991, 1994 and 1997; the cyclones of 29 May 1963, 12 November 1970, 29 April 1991 made landfall.[40] The intra-deltaic coastline is very close to the tectonic interface of the Indian and Burmese plates, as well as the active Andaman–Nicobar fault system, and is often capable of generating tsunamis.[41][42] Cyclone preparedness measures are inadequate for the 200,000 residents of Sitakunda who were estimated to be living in high risk areas after the 1991 cyclone. For every 5,000 people, Sitakunda has only one cyclone shelter, each of which is capable of holding 50 to 60 people. Syedpur Union has eleven, Muradpur eight, Baraiyadhala seven, and Kumira five. Sitakunda municipality, Barabkunda, Bhatiary and Bansbaria have four shelters each. Salimpur has three and Sonaichhari Union has two shelters.[43]
The Chittagong Coastal Forest Department developed the river bars (char in Bengali) on the bank of the Sonaichhari channel adjacent to the Sitakunda coast into a kilometer-wide coastal mangrove plantation during 1989–90, to reduce the impact of cyclones.[44] Although the site was initially unstable, rapid sediment accretion stabilised the soil, providing the coast with some protection. The cyclone of 1990 smashed about 25% of a 2-kilometre (1 mi) sea-wall built using two-ton steel-reinforced concrete blocks, some of which were carried up to 100 metres (328 ft) inland. In contrast, a mangrove plantation just south of the sea-wall sustained damage to less than 1% of its trees, most of which recovered within six months.[45] The planted mangrove forest that helped Sitakunda to escape as one of the least damaged areas during the devastating 1991 Bangladesh cyclone is under threat from illegal tree-cutting by ship-breakers in the area.[44]
Annual average temperature is between 32.5 °C (91 °F) and 13.5 °C (56 °F), with an annual rainfall of 2,687 millimetres (106 in).[11] Along with Chittagong and Hathazari, in June 2007 Sitakunda was badly affected by mudslides caused by heavy rainfall combined with the recent practice of hill-cutting.[46][47] The mean annual wind speed recorded in Sitakunda between 1991 and 2001 was 1.8 knots (2 mph),[48] as measured by the wind monitoring station built as part of a wind energy exploration project jointly run by the Local Government Engineering Department and the Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies.[49] A small 300-watt wind turbine, built by the government, provides electricity to fish farms.[50]
Geology
[edit]
The geological structure of Sitakunda, 70 kilometres (43 mi) long and 10 kilometres (6 mi) wide, is one of the westernmost structures of Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts, delimited by the Feni River in the north, the Karnaphuli River in the south, the Halda River in the east and the Sandwip Channel in the west.[51] The Sitakunda Range acts as a water divide between the Halda Valley and the Sandwip Channel. The 88 kilometres (55 mi) -long Halda flows from Khagrachari to the Bay of Bangal, and is one of the six tributaries of Karnafuli, the major river in the area.[52] Sandwip Channel represents the northern end of the western part of the Chittagong-Tripura Folded Belt.[53]
The structure contains a thick sedimentary sequence of sandstone, shale and siltstone. The exposed sedimentary rock sequences except limestone, 6,500 metres (21,325 ft) thick in an average, provide no difference in overall lithology of Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts.[51] The Sitakunda fold is an elongated, asymmetrical, box-type double plunging anticline. Both the gently dipping eastern and steeper western flanks of the anticline are truncated abruptly by the alluvial plain of the Feni River.[51] For a lack of infrastructure in Bangladesh, this anticline is one of the few regularly surveyed structures in the country.[54] The syncline from Sitakunda separates the eastern end of the Feni Structure located in the folded flank of the Bengal Foredeep.[51]
Local experts consider the Sitakunda–Teknaf fault to be one of the two most active seismic faults in Bangladesh.[42] After the earthquake of 2 April 1762, which caused a permanent submergence of 155.4 square kilometres (60.0 sq mi) of land near Chittagong and the death of 500 people in Dhaka, two volcanoes are said to have opened in the Sitakunda hills.[55][56] During a seismic tremor on 7 November 2007, fire broke out at the Bakharabad Gas Systems Limited in the Faujderhat area of the upazila when a pipeline was fractured.[57] The Girujan Clay Formation runs through Sitakunda at a thickness of 168 metres (551 ft).[58][59][60] In the Sitakunda hills, the Boka Bil Shale Formation contains Ostrea digitalina, Ostrea gryphoides and numerous plates of Balanus (a type of barnacles), fragments of Arca, Pecten, Trochus, Oliva and corals.[58][61][62] Both formations were identified and named by early 20th-century British petroleum geologist P. Evans.[63]
Demography
[edit]
As of the 2011 Bangladesh census, Sitakunda upazila had 77,279 households and a population of 387,832. 78,302 (20.19%) were under 10 years of age. Sitakunda had an average literacy rate of 59.20%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 919 females per 1000 males. 45,147 (11.64%) of the population lived in urban areas.[64][65]
According to the census of 2001, Sitakunda had a population of 298,528 distributed to 55,837 units of households (average household size 5.3), including 163,561 men and 134,967 women, or a gender ratio of 121:100. The average population of component administrative units of the upazila are 4,072 for wards, 1,666 for mahallas, 29,853 for unions, 5,060 for mouzas (revenue villages) and 5,060 for villages reported by the census.[32] Out of the 69 mauzas here, 8 have less than 50 households, while 27 have more than 600 households.[32] Of the villages, 8 have a population of less than 250, while 29 have more than 2,500.[32] As of 2001 , the population density of Sitakunda was 692 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,792/sq mi).[31]
Apart from the Bengali majority, there are a number of small communities of ethnic minorities in the area. Many of the resident Rakhine people are believed to have settled here during the Arakanese rule of Chittagong (1459–1666), though the event is not historically traceable.[66] The Rakhine population in Khagrachari District migrated from the surrounding area and built up their permanent abode at Ramgarh in the 19th century.[66] Other ethnic groups include the recently migrated Tripuri people.[67] In the District of Chittagong that includes Sitakunda, the population ratio by religion in 2001 was Muslim 83.92%, Hindu 13.76%, Buddhist 2.01% and Christian 0.12%, with 0.19% following other religions. In 1981, it was Muslim 82.79%, Hindu 14.6%, Buddhist 2.23% and Christian 0.21%, with 0.19% following other religions.[68] Chittagonian, a derivative of Bengali spoken by 14 million people mainly in the Chittagong district,[69] is the dominant language.
Administration
[edit]
Sitakunda as a thana came into existence in 1879, and was renamed to Sitakunda Upazila in 1983.[70] It ranks third in area and sixth in population out of the 26 upazilas and thanas of Chittagong.[32] Sitakunda Town, with an area of 28.63 square kilometres (11.05 sq mi) and a population of 36,650, is the administrative center and the sole municipality (Pourashabha) of Sitakunda Upazila.[71] Badiul Alam is the incumbent mayor of the town, he was first elected in 2015 and again in 2020 in the Sitakunda municipality election, he is a Awami League politician. The rest of the area is rural and organized into 10 union councils (union parishads), namely Banshbaria, Barabkunda, Bariadyala, Bhatiari, Kumira, Muradpur, Salimpur, Sonaichhari, Saidpur and Bhatiari Cantonment Area.[32] The area is divided into 69 mauzas and 88 villages.[72] Along with neighboring towns such as Hathazari, Fateyabad, Patiya and Boalkhali, Sitakunda Town was developed as a satellite town to relieve the increasing population pressure on Chittagong, with Bhatiari and Sadar unions selected as zones for industrialization, like South Halishahar and Kalurghat.[73] In the 2009 Upazila elections, Abdullah Al Baker Bhuiyan was elected the Upazila Chairman, while Advocate MN Mustafa Nur and Nazmun Nahar were elected vice chairmen.[74]
Sitakunda Upazila makes the 281st electoral district in Bangladesh, identified as Chittagong-4. In the 2024 general election, SM Al Mamun of Bangladesh Awami League (AL) was elected as the member of parliament, he won easily because there was not any strong opponents. Previously Didarul Alam of Awami League Party served as member of parliament from 2014 to 2024. M Akteruzzaman is the Upazila Nirbahi Officer, the chief executive of the upazila.[75] The upazila is served by a court presided over by a first-class magistrate.[76] The Power Development Board is responsible for supplying electricity to the upazila, but due to power outages the industries in the area are strictly constrained.[77] Anwarul Kabir Talukder, the State Minister for Power, lost his job on 29 September 2006 after hundreds of demonstrators in Sitakunda blocked the Dhaka–Chittagong highway in protest at the lack of electricity; violence also erupted elsewhere in Bangladesh.[78][79] In case of fire, the services are brought in from the neighboring city of Chittagong.[80] A proposed Kumira–Sitakunda Hill Water Reservoir Project to supply safe drinking water is to be undertaken by the government.[81]
Economy
[edit]
The ship breaking industry in Sitakunda has surpassed similar industries in India and Pakistan to become the largest in the world.[1][2] As of August 2007, over 1,500,000 metric tons (1,476,310 long tons) of iron had been produced from the scrapping of about 20 ships in the 19 functional ship yards scattered over 8 square kilometres (3 sq mi) along the coast of Sitakunda 8–10 kilometres (5–6 mi) from Chittagong, near Fouzderhat. Local re-rolling mills, as well as similar mills, process the scrap iron.[29][82][83] Bangladesh, with no local metal ore mining industry of its own, is dependent on ship-breaking for its domestic steel requirements; the re-rolling mills alone substitute for import of about 1,200,000 metric tons (1,181,048 long tons) of billets and other raw materials.[29] There are 70 companies registered as ship breakers in Chittagong, employing 2,000 regular and 25,000 semi-skilled and unskilled workers.[83] Organized under the Bangladesh Ship Breakers Association, (BSBA),[25] these include companies within large local conglomerates that sought ISO certificates.[84]
The industry has come under threat, both from a decline in the number of ships scrapped annually – down from 70–80 to about 20[82] – and because of environmental and work safety concerns.[26] There have been complaints that journalists and human rights activists are being barred from the ship breaking yards.[85] The ship breaking industry is purportedly damaging the local ecology as well, taking a toll on the fish population and soil quality.[86] A survey conducted by students of the Institute of Marine Science of Chittagong University in 2007 revealed that the soil of the locality is polluted by heavy metals including mercury (0.5 to 2.7 ppm), lead (0.5 to 21.8 ppm), chromium (220 ppm), cadmium (0.3 to 2.9 ppm), iron (2.6 to 5.6 ppm), calcium (5.2 to 23.2 ppm) and magnesium (6.5 to 10.57 ppm).[29][87] Safety standards in the industry are low; between 1995 and 2005, 150 workers were killed and 576 were maimed or injured.[88] The main causes of death were fire or explosion, suffocation and inhaling CO2. These old ships also contain hazardous substances like asbestos, lead paint, heavy metals and PCBs.[89] The workers are paid US$1.75 a day and have little access to medical treatment.[90] Among the workers, 41% of are aged between 18 and 22 years,[91] and many are reported to be as young as 10 years of age.[92] There have also been allegations of large quantities of steel and non-ferrous items, such as bronze, aluminum, copper, and bronze-amalgam recovered from ship breaking being smuggled out of Bangladesh.[93] There also are reports of pirates targeting tugboats pulling ships in.[94]
Employment of local people is low in the industrial facilities.[95] The main occupations of the local people by industry are service (28.76%), commerce (21.53%), and agriculture (24.12%).[32] Out of 12,140.83 hectares (30,000.64 acres) of cultivable land 25.46% yield a single crop, 57.95% yield double and 16.59% a treble crop annually. Bean, melon, rubber and betel leaf are the main agricultural exports.[33] Fishing has traditionally been an industry restricted to low caste Hindus belonging to the fisher class, although since the last decades of the 20th century an increasing number of Muslims have joined the sector.[96] Due to the introduction of engine-powered boats and gill nets, there was a rise in fish catches between the 1970s and 1990s, especially in the major fishing season (mid-July to mid-November).[96] Over-fishing, however, has depleted the fish population and some fish species are facing extinction in the area, leading to seasonal food insecurity (February to April).[96] According to a 2001 survey, 4,000 people in Sitakunda were engaged in wild shrimp fry collection, harvesting an average of five-and-a-half million fries a year.[97]
Sitakunda has a cement factory, 12 jute mills, 6 textile mills, 10 re-rolling mills, and 79 functional and defunct shipyards.[33][82] Two of the operational jute mills are run by the Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation,[98] and one has been sold to a private sector company.[99] To protest against privatization, workers of Hafiz Jute Mill, Gul Ahmed Jute Mill, MM Jute Mill and RR Jute Mill blocked the Dhaka–Chittagong Highway for seven hours in September 2007.[100] As early as 1953, Sitakunda was described as the location for one of only five poultry farms in East Pakistan, along with Tejgaon (Dhaka), Narayanganj (Dhaka), Jamalpur (Bogra), and Sylhet.[101] Some mining for sand from agricultural lands is carried out along the eastern side of the Dhaka–Chittagong road.[102] Operators of local brick kilns are engaged in illegal hill cutting, a practice that was responsible along with heavy rainfall for the 2007 Chittagong mudslide.[47][103] The rural poor are supported by Grameen Bank and NGOs such as CARE, BRAC and ASA.[33][104]
Transport and communication
[edit]
The Dhaka–Chittagong Highway runs through Sitakunda, connecting the two largest cities in Bangladesh. A workshop conducted by Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimated that improving the highway would increase Bangladesh's GDP by 1% and its foreign trade by 20%.[105] This roadlink between the two cities existed in the pre-railway days[106] and has been identified as a part of the medieval southern Silk Road.[107] In 2006, ADB and the World Bank announced a plan to help Bangladesh build a second highway between Dhaka and Chittagong,[108] which would be a part of the Asian Highway Network.[109]
Historically, the rail transportation system drove developments in Chittagong and the surrounding areas, including Sitakunda.[73] The rail tracks were established as part of the Bengal Assam Railway in 1898, originally running from Chittagong to Badarpur, with branches to Silchar and Laksam.[106] In September 1878, Sitakunda was included in the East Bengal Circle of Railway Mail Service (RMS) along with rest of the district.[110] By 1904, the track system was extended to Chandpur to connect river boat traffic between Goalanda and Kolkata.[106] Approximately 37 kilometres (23 mi) of railroads stop at six rail stations.[33] Currently, there is no express train service between Sitakunda and Chittagong, though intercity expresses (Sylhet–Chittagong, Chandpur–Chittagong, and Dhaka–Chittagong) stop at Sitakunda station and carry a small share of the commuter traffic load.[73] By 2003, there were a total of 112 kilometres (70 mi) of paved roads in the upazila, along with 256 kilometres (159 mi) of mud roads, as well as five ferry-gauts or river docks for the use of barge-type ferryboats. The traditional bullock carts are now rarely seen in the upazila.[33]
Sitakunda was to be the landing station for a submarine communications cable, but the cable now comes ashore at Cox's Bazar.[111] The cable has frequently been severed by miscreants, often in the Sitakunda area, since its installation on 21 May 2006.[112] Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) has brought internet services to the upazila by establishing Rural Knowledge Centres (RKC).[113] BTTB and RanksTel run telephone services in the upazila. The telephone area code for Sitakunda is 3028, which has to be added to Bangladesh area code +880 when making overseas calls, and the subscriber numbers consist of four digits locally.[114]
Pilgrimage sites
[edit]
Sitakunda is a major site for pilgrimage in Bangladesh, as it features 280 mosques (including the Shah Mosque) 8 mazars (including Baro Awlias Mazar, Kalu Shah Mazar, Fakir Hat Mazar, Shahjahani Shah Mazar), 49 Hindu temples (including Labanakhya Mandir, Chandranath Mandir, Shambunath Mandir), 3 ashrams (including Sitakunda Shankar Math), and 3 Buddhist temples.[33] The Hammadyar Mosque, located at the village of Masjidda on the banks of a tank[115] known as the Hammadyar Dighi, was built during the reign of Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah, the last Husain Shahi sultan of Bengal, as recorded by the inscription above the central entrance.[116] The Sudarshan Vihara at village Mayani here, as well as the Vidarshanaram Vihara at village Mayani in Patiya were both established in 1922 by Prajnalok Mahasthavir (1879–1971), an eminent Bangladeshi Buddhist preacher.[117]
According to legend, Shiva's wife Sati immolated herself in the yajna-fire of her father Daksha, as a protest against Shiva's dishonor. The God became furious and started to dance the Tāndava with Sati's body on his shoulders.[118] Knowing that the dance of destruction was about to annihilate the world, Vishnu cut the body of Sati to pieces with Sudarshana Chakram, his celestial weapon, thereby appeasing Shiva.[118] Each of 51 pieces of the body fell to earth, and the place where each piece fell became a holy center of pilgrimage or Shakti Peetha.[118] The legend goes that Sati's right arm fell near a now-extinct hot spring at the Chandranth peak in Sitakunda. The site is marked by the temple of Sambhunath just below the Chandranath temple on top of the peak, and it is a major tirtha for Hindus in Bangladesh.[119][120]
According to Rajmala, the temple of Chandranath received considerable endowments from the Twipra Kingdom in the time of king Dhanya Manikya, who once attempted to remove the lingam from the temple to his kingdom.[5][121] Poets from across the ages – from Jayadeva (circa 1200 AD) to Nabinchandra Sen (1847–1909) – were said to be devoted to the temple.[5][121] Chandranath is within the jurisdiction of Gobardhan Math, which was founded, according to legends, by Padmacharya, a disciple of Shankaracharya and founder of Vana and Aranya sects of the Dashanami Sampradaya.[5][121] An International Vedic Conference was held from 15 to 17 February 2007 at Sitakunda Shrine (Tirtha) Estate in Sitakunda Chandranath Dham, on the occasion of the great Shiva Chaturdarshi (a Hindu festival in worship of Lord Shiva).[5][121] These temples have been subject to repeated attack and violation by Muslims,[122] and Bangladesh Hindu Bouddha Christian Oikya Parishad has asked for the pilgrims to be protected.[123]
Flora and fauna
[edit]
While returning to Kolkata after completing a floral survey, Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911) carried out the first survey of Sitakunda's local flora, as recorded in his Himalayan Journals, in January 1851 (published by the Calcutta Trigonometrical Survey Office and Minerva Library of Famous Books; Ward, Lock, Bowden & Co., 1891).[124]
The forests of the region are known to be evergreen type with a preponderance of deciduous species with a levelled distribution.[124] The topmost level consists of Garjan (Dipterocarpus alatus), Telsur (Hopea odorata), Chapalish (Artocarpus chaplasha), Chundul (Tetrameles nudiflora) and Koroi or the Moluccan albizia (Falcataria moluccana). The lower level consists of species of Jarul (Lagerstroemia speciosa), Toon (Toona ciliata), Jam (Syzygium cumini), Jalpai (Elaeocarpus robustus) and Glochidion. Lianas, epiphytes (mostly of orchids, asclepiads, ferns and leafy mosses) and herbaceous undergrowths are abundant.[124] Savannah formations are found in the open, along the banks of rivers and swamps with common tall grasses like Kans (Saccharum spontaneum), Shon (Imperata cylindrica and I. arundincca) and Bena (Vetiveria zizanoides).[124] Several species of Bamboo are cultivated that are common in Bangladesh including Bambusa balcooa (which is also common in Assam), B. vulgaris, B. longispiculata, B. tulda and B. nutans; the latter two also being common in the hills of the region.[125]
A number of fish species have become endangered in the area due to overfishing.[96] They include Bhoal (Raiamas bola), Lakkhya (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), Chapila (Gudusia chapra), Datina (Acanthopagrus latus), Rupchanda (Pampus argenteus), Pungash (Pangasius pangasius), Chhuri (Trichiurus lepturus), Ilsha Chandana (Tenualosa toli), Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha), Faishya (Anchoviella commersonii), Maittya (Scomberomorus commerson), Gnhora (Labeo gonius), Kata (Nemapteryx nenga), Chewa (Taenioides cirratus), Sundari bele (Glossogobius giuris), Bnata (Liza parsia), Koral (Etroplus suratensis) and Kawoon (Anabas testudineus), as well as crustaceans like tiger shrimps.[126]
The first eco-park in Bangladesh, Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco Park, was established in 2001 along with a botanical garden, under a five-year (2000–2004) development project at a cost of Tk 35.7 million on 808 hectares (1,997 acres) of the Chandranath Hills in Sitakunda.[127] The eco-park was established to facilitate biodiversity conservation, natural regeneration, new plantations and infrastructure development, as well as to promote nature-based tourism to generate income. The park, 405 hectares (1,001 acres), and the garden, 403 hectares (996 acres), under the Bariadhala Range of Chittagong Forest Division, are rich with natural Gymnosperm tree species including Podocarpus neriifolius and species of Gnetum and Cycas.[37] The park is reported to be able to receive 25,000 visitors in a single weekend.[128] With the botanical garden included, the number of visitors can reach up to 50,000.[129] According to the International Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management, however, "ignoring the dependence of local people on park resources created conflicts between local communities and the park authority" and "prohibition on the extraction of forest products from the park... make the livelihoods of surrounding villagers vulnerable".[130]
Society
[edit]
The educational institutions of the upazila include Faujdarhat Cadet College (founded in 1958), 4 regular colleges (including Sitakunda Degree College founded in 1968), 24 high schools (including Sitakund Government Model High School founded in 1913 and Madam Bibir Hat Shahjania High School founded in 1905), 10 madrasas, and 76 junior and primary schools.[33] All the secondary schools and regular colleges are under the Chittagong Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education split from the Comilla Board in May 1995.[131] Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah (1885–1969), an eminent Bangladeshi linguist, served as the headmaster of the Government High School from 1914 to 1915.[132] On 24 July 1996, members of Bangladesh Chhatra League and Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir (ICS) in Sitakunda Degree College fought with guns and firecrackers over a minor dispute.[133] On 29 July 1996, two ICS members of the college were abducted and one of them was killed.[133][134] Bangladesh Military Academy is also situated in this upazila. As of 2001 , average literacy of Sitakunda Upazila for people of 7 years of age or more is 54.6%,[31] while the average literacy of Sitakunda Pourashabha is 53.9%.[71] There has been an overall growth of 32.9% between 1991 and 2001, which for men was 20.5% and for women 59.2%.[32] 70,315 people of the Upazila between the ages of 5 and 24 years attend schools, an overall increase of 35.6% between 1991 and 2001, which for men was 28.1% and for women 45.4%.[32] The highest school attendance rate is observed in age group 10–14 years.[32]
The health service centers in the upazila include a health complex, an infectious diseases hospital, a railway TB hospital, 11 family planning centres and a veterinary treatment centre.[33] Bangladesh Railway set up the hospital at Kumira in 1952 with a capacity of 150 beds. The capacity was reduced to 50 beds in 1994 as some focus was redirected to the Railway Hospital at Central Railway Building in Chittagong. Originally built to treat railway employees, the hospital now also treats people from the wider community.[135] Malaria, dengue and other fevers, hepatitis, as well as respiratory infections including tuberculosis are some of the major health threats.[24] The percentage of disabled in Sitakunda is reported to be the highest in Bangladesh, at 17% compared to the national average of 13%.[95]
Banshbaria Union has been declared as 100% sanitized, as all households in the union adopted sanitary latrines,[136] while the upazila has only 16% sanitation coverage.[137] A survey published in 2006 by the Bangladesh Arsenic Mitigation Water Supply Project found that of the 18,843 tube wells surveyed, 24.7% were found to be contaminated. Visible signs of arsenic poisoning were found in 47 people.[138]
National newspapers published in Dhaka including Prothom Alo, Ajker Kagoj, Janakantha and The Daily Ittefaq are available in Sitakunda, as well as regional newspapers published in Chittagong Azadi and Purbakon. It also has its own local newspapers and a journalist community.[139] In 2003, Atahar Siddik Khasru, the president of the local Press Club, went missing on 30 April and was rescued on 21 May.[140] He was abducted and tortured by unidentified men allegedly on charges of protesting against the harassment of Mahmudul Haq, editor of local magazine Upanagar.[140][141] On 6 May, about 30 local journalists working for national and local press took to the streets in protest.[140] The other weekly newspaper is Chaloman Sitakunda.[33] Television channels available in the upazila include satellite television channels like Channel i, ATN Bangla, Channel One, NTV, as well as terrestrial television channel Bangladesh Television.[139]
The festivals of Shiva Chaturdashi in middle of the month of Falgun (end of February) and Chaitra Sankranti at end of the month of Chaitra (mid April) are observed with much fanfare, featuring the largest Hindu fair of the district.[33][142] The Sitakunda Upazila Krira Sangstha (Sports Club) is noted for its participation in soccer.[143] There are 151 clubs, a public library and two cinema halls in the upazila.[33]
See also
[edit]
Sitakunda massacre
Shakti Peethas
Hinduism in Bangladesh
List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones
Upazilas of Bangladesh
References
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This article is about the city of Sylhet. For other uses, see Sylhet (disambiguation).
Metropolis in Sylhet Division, Bangladesh
Sylhet (Bengali: সিলেট; IPA: [sileʈ]), is a metropolitan city located in the northeastern region of Bangladesh. It is the administrative center of Sylhet Division and is situated on the banks of the Surma River. Sylhet is the fifth-largest city in Bangladesh, with a population of around 700,000 people.
Sylhet is known for its tea plantations and natural beauty.[4] The city has a history dating back to the 14th century and has been ruled by various dynasties and empires, including the Mughals, British, and the Nawabs of Bengal. The city is also home to several important landmarks, such as the Shah Jalal Dargah, which is one of the holiest sites in Bangladesh and attracts thousands of pilgrims every year.[5]
Sylhet is one of the most economically important cities in Bangladesh after Dhaka and Chittagong.[6] Sylhet is a major commercial and financial center, and it is home to several multinational companies and industries, including the tea industry, which generates a significant amount of revenue for the city. The city has a diverse population, with Bengalis, Tripuris, and other ethnic groups living together. The official language of Sylhet is Standard Bengali, while Sylheti is the most spoken. English is widely spoken and understood because people from Sylhet form a significant portion of the Bangladeshi diaspora, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. According to The Daily Star, about 95% of Bangladeshi population in the UK comes from the Sylhet district.[7] Sylhet has diverse transport infrastructure, with a modern airport, railway station, and bus terminals that connect it to other parts of the country.[8] The city also has several educational institutions, including Sylhet Agricultural University, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, and Sylhet Cadet College.
Etymology and names
[edit]
Sylhet is the anglicisation of শিলহট (Śilhôṭ), one of the archaic native names for the city.[citation needed] The local name is generally thought to be directly derived from শ্রীহট্ট (Śrīhaṭṭa), the Sanskrit name of the city.[9] The city of Śrīhaṭṭa takes its name from Śrīhaṭṭanātha, the tutelary deity of the Nātha dynasty who promoted the early settlement of Nāthas in the Surma and Barak valleys between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, founding the Śrīhaṭṭa janapada and establishing Śrīhaṭṭanātha idols across the region.[10] The later Hindu rajas of Sylhet, such as Gour Govinda, continued to pay tribute to the deity as Hāṭkeśvara or Haṭṭanātha as evident from the Devipurana and copper-plate inscriptions.[11]
History
[edit]
Main article: History of Sylhet
In 1303, the Sultan of Lakhnauti Shamsuddin Firoz Shah conquered Sylhet by defeating Gour Govinda.[12] Sylhet was a realm of the Bengal Sultanate. In the 16th-century, Sylhet was controlled by the Baro-Bhuyan zamindars and later became a sarkar (district) of the Mughal Empire.[13] Sylhet emerged after 1612 as the Mughals' most significant imperial outpost in Bengal east of Dhaka, and its importance remained as such throughout the seventeenth century.[14] British rule began in the 18th century under the administration of the East India Company. Sylhet became a key source of lascars in the British Empire due in part to its ancient seafaring tradition. The Sylhet municipal board was established in 1867.[15] Originally part of the Bengal Presidency and later Eastern Bengal and Assam, the town became part of Colonial Assam in 1874. A devastating earthquake demolished almost the entire town on 12 June 1897 following which a modern and European model new town was built on the wreckage.[citation needed] From the beginning of the 20th century, the importance of Sylhet increased with the establishment of the tea industry.[citation needed]
In 1947, following a referendum and the partition of British India, Sylhet became part of East Pakistan.[12] In 1995, the Government of Bangladesh declared Sylhet as the sixth divisional headquarters of the country.[16] Sylhet has played a vital role in the Economy of Bangladesh. Several of Bangladesh's finance ministers have been members of parliament from the city of Sylhet. Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran was a longtime mayor of Sylhet. Humayun Rashid Choudhury, a diplomat from Sylhet, served as President of the UN General Assembly and Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament.
In 2001, the municipality was upgraded to the Sylhet City Corporation. It was made a metropolitan city in 2009.[17]
Geography and climate
[edit]
Sylhet is located in the northeastern region of Bangladesh within the Sylhet Division, the Sylhet District, and Sylhet Sadar Upazila. Sylhet has a typical Bangladeshi tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) at higher elevations. The rainy season runs from April to October, and is generally hot and humid with heavy showers and thunderstorms almost every day. The shorter dry season runs from November to February, with very warm and fairly clear weather. Nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 4,200 millimetres (170 in) occurs between May and September.[18]
The city is located within a topographically distinctive region of Bangladesh characterized by dramatic hills and basins. The physiography of Sylhet consists mainly of hill soils and encompasses a few large depressions known locally as "beels," which are frequently oxbow lakes caused by tectonic subsidence during the earthquake of 1762.
Geologically, the region is complex and diverse; higher-elevation regions date partly to the Plio-Miocene age. Available limestone deposits in different parts of the region suggest that the whole area was under the ocean in the Oligo-Miocene. In the last 150 years, three major earthquakes have hit the city with magnitude of at least 7.5 on the Richter Scale, most recently in 1918.[19]
Administration
[edit]
On 10 April 2001, Sylhet was changed to a city corporation from a municipal board, and currently the city is administered by the Sylhet City Corporation. At present, Sylhet is the district-headquarters as well as the divisional headquarters of the districts of Sunamganj, Habiganj, Moulvibazar and Sylhet District. The Sylhet City Corporation is responsible for the services that are provided within the city which includes traffic, roads, garbage collection, water supply, registrations and many others. The corporation consists of the Mayor and 22 other commissioners, and focuses on the development of the city.[21] Sylhet is divided into 6 metropolitan thanas (police stations), 42 wards, and 1224 mahallas.[citation needed]
Military
[edit]
Sylhet is strategically important for the Bangladesh Armed Forces. The Bangladesh Army's 17th Infantry Division is based at Jalalabad Cantonment in Sylhet.[22] The cantonment is also home of the School of Infantry and Tactics (SI&T) and the 1st Para-commando Battalion, an elite commando unit of the Bangladesh Army.[citation needed]
Healthcare
[edit]
Sylhet is also home to many hospitals such as the Shahid Shamsuddin Hospital District Hospital, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College, North East Medical College, and Sylhet Women's Medical College.[citation needed]
In 2018, Sylhet Medical University was established in the city, following the Prime Minister's order to found a medical university in each division with the goal of maintaining medical standards in colleges. According to the order, Chittagong and Rajshahi Medical University have already been established, and Sylhet Medical University is the fourth Medical University of the directive.[23][24]
Demographics
[edit]
See also: Demographics of Bangladesh
As of the 2011 Bangladesh census, Sylhet has a population of 485,138.[25] The population growth rate of the city is 1.73%, a decrease from 1.93% in 1991.[26] Sylhet has a sex ratio of 861 females to 1000 males and a literacy rate of 67.8%.[25]
The majority of the population are Bengali Muslims, while significant minority population groups include the Bengali Hindus, Bishnupriya Manipuri and others.[27] Sylheti is spoken by the vast majority of the people, while Standard Bengali is the official language used by the state government and officials.[28][29][30]
The majority of people in Sylhet are Muslims (87.3%), while other religious groups include Hindus (12.5%) and less than 0.2% of other religions, mainly Buddhists and Christians. The majority of Muslims in Sylhet are Sunnis who follow the Hanafi school of jurisprudence.[31] Significant numbers of people also follow Sufi ideals, particularly the teachings of Abdul Latif Fultali.[32]
Economy
[edit]
The Sylhet Metropolitan Area is one of Bangladesh's main business centres. Sylhet's economy is closely linked with the Bangladeshi diaspora, especially the British Bangladeshi community. The city receives a significant portion of the country's annual remittances, which have driven growth in real estate and construction.[33] A number of shopping centres, restaurants and hotels have opened as a result. Sylhet also relies on religious tourism, with thousands of devotees visiting its Sufi shrines annually, as well as ecotourism in its broader natural hinterland.[citation needed] Nature resorts have been built in the city's outskirts. Several important Bangladeshi companies are based in Sylhet, including Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution, Sylhet Gas Fields and Alim Industries. Biman Bangladesh Airlines operates several flights from Sylhet to the United Kingdom and the Middle East. Roads connect Sylhet with the Indian states of Meghalaya and Assam.
Sylhet's hinterland plays a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh. It is home to the country's largest natural gas fields, sole crude oil field,[34] largest tea plantations, rubber, palm oil, cane, agarwood[35] and citrus farms. Rice production in the region is one of the country's highest. Heavy industries include power plants, fertilizer plants, cement plants and liquefied petroleum gas plants. Other major industries in the region include ceramics, machinery and equipment, ready-made garments and pharmaceuticals. Most of the tea production in Bangladesh is based around Sylhet, much of which is eventually exported internationally.[citation needed]
Two Bangladeshi finance ministers from the city have been elected to the Jatiyo Sangshad for Sylhet: Saifur Rahman of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party; and Abul Maal Abdul Muhith of the Awami League. The present foreign affairs minister DR. A K Abdul Momen, who is the younger brother of Abdul Muhith, currently represents the Sylhet-1 seat in parliament.[citation needed]
Utilities
[edit]
Sylhet has high rates of electricity and water shortages. According to the Power Development Board, as of 2009, Sylhet was only receiving 50 MW, half of the required demand of 100 MW. The city corporation was also supplying only 22,500 gallons of water, far less than the demand of about 65,000.[36] The major sources of water to the city are the tube wells and the Surma River.[citation needed] Tests of tube wells in Sylhet District by the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in 1997 found that about 27.6% contained more arsenic than the acceptable limit set by Bangladesh of 50 micrograms per liter, and 49.2% contained more arsenic than the World Health Organization standard of 10 micrograms per liter.[37] There are about 331 registered restaurants in the city, but only 15% maintain sanitary facilities and 85% have unhygienic conditions that are unsafe for the public.[38]
Culture
[edit]
The cultural identity of Sylhet has been shaped by a blend of indigenous practices, Sufi influences, and the assimilation of diverse communities. Sylhet is also known for its music scene, and it is home to several renowned musicians and artists.[citation needed] The city has a rich literary tradition, producing several notable writers and poets including Syed Mujtaba Ali and Humayun Ahmed.
Cuisine
[edit]
Sylheti cuisine is known for its distinct flavors and aromatic dishes. Popular delicacies in the city include pitha (rice cakes), shorshe ilish (hilsa fish in mustard sauce), shatkora beef, and doi chira (flattened rice with yogurt). The region's love for tea is evident in its numerous tea gardens and the consumption of "seven-layer tea," a unique layered beverage.
Sports
[edit]
Cricket is the most popular sport in Sylhet.[citation needed] The Bangladesh Premier League franchise Sylhet Strikers are based in Sylhet International Cricket Stadium (M.A.G. Osmani Stadium), which was built in 2007 and has a capacity of 18,500 spectators. The Sylhet International Cricket Stadium was renovated in 2013 specifically to host matches for the 2014 ICC World Twenty20. It is situated near lush green tea gardens on the city fringe.[39] In the National Cricket League, Sylhet Division has not won any titles but did win in the One-Day Cricket League during the 2001–02 season. Notable players from Sylhet who have played for the Bangladesh national cricket team include Rajin Saleh,[40] Enamul Haque Jr,[41] Tapash Baisya,[42] and Alok Kapali.[43] Chess player Rani Hamid was awarded the FIDE Women's International Master (WIM) title in 1985, while her son Kaiser Hamid was the captain of the Bangladesh national football team in the early 90s.[44]
Transport
[edit]
Further information: Transport in Bangladesh
Road
[edit]
The main transport systems used in Sylhet are cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws (mainly known as baby-taxis or CNGs), buses, mini-buses and cars. About 80,000 rickshaws run each day within the city. Bus service prices have increased up to 30% higher, and as of 2008 prices range from Tk 4 to 15.95.[45]
The N2 connects the city with Bangladesh's capital and largest city, Dhaka, as well as with many other parts of the country. The N2 highway is also part of the Asian Highway Network's two longest routes, AH1 and AH2.
Air
[edit]
Sylhet is served by Osmani International Airport, located at the north of the city. It is Bangladesh's third busiest airport, and it became an international airport due to demand driven by expatriate Bangladeshis and their families living in the United Kingdom and the United States. The most prevalent airlines at the airport are Biman Bangladesh Airlines, US-Bangla Airlines and Novoair.
Osmani International Airport received its first international arrival on 3 November 2002, with a Biman plane arriving from Kuwait via Abu Dhabi en route to Dhaka.[46] Sylhet's first direct international flight arrived on 15 March 2017 when a Flydubai direct flight from Dubai landed at the airport.[47] Work began in 2006 to upgrade the airport to international standards, including a new terminal building, a jetway, a taxiway, and expansion of the runway to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft.[48] In May 2007, Biman announced direct Hajj flights originating from the airport later that year.[49] As of 2020, Biman Bangladesh operates direct flight to London from Sylhet.[50] All Bangladeshi airlines operate regular domestic flights to Dhaka and Biman operates regular domestic flights to Cox's Bazar.[51]
In response to the increase in passenger and cargo demand at the airport, work began in 2020 on a new 34,919 square metres (375,860 sq ft) international passenger terminal building, as well as a cargo building, a control tower, parking areas, and a taxiway.[52][53]
Rail
[edit]
The Sylhet railway station is the main railway station providing trains on national routes operated by the state-run Bangladesh Railway. Some train routes originating or terminating in Sylhet include the following.
Towards Dhaka
[edit]
Train No. Train Name Train Type Departures 710 Parabat Express Intercity Daily (except Tue) 718 Jayantika Express Intercity Daily 740 Upaban Express Intercity Daily 774 Kalni Express Intercity Daily (except Fri) 10 Surma Mail Mail Daily
Towards Chittagong
[edit]
Train No. Train Name Train Type Departures 724 Udayan Express Intercity Daily (except Fri) 720 Paharika Express Intercity Daily (except Fri) 14 Jalalabad Express Mail Daily
Towards Akahura
[edit]
Train No. Train Name Train Type Departures 18 Kushiara Express Mail Daily
Education
[edit]
Further information: Education in Bangladesh
There are two public universities in Sylhet: Shahjalal University of Science and Technology and Sylhet Agricultural University.[54] There are some prominent colleges and schools in Sylhet such as Jalalabad Cantonment Public School and College, Parkview Medical College, MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Sylhet Women's Medical College, North East Medical College, Sylhet Engineering College,[55] Sylhet Cadet College, Murari Chand College,[56] Institute of Health Technology, Sylhet,Border Guard Public School And College, Scholarshome, Blue Bird High School and College, Sylhet Science And Technology College, Sylhet Polytechnic Institute, and Sylhet Government Women's College.
Notable people
[edit]
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
Sylhet is twinned with:[citation needed]
As of 2009, Sylhet has friendly relations with:
St Albans, United Kingdom[57]
Rochdale, United Kingdom[58]
The friendship link with St Albans was established in 1988, when the St Albans' district council supported a housing project in Sylhet as part of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless. Sylhet was chosen because it is the home region for a large ethnic minority population in St Albans.[57]
In March 2009 the Mayor of Sylhet, Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to form another friendship link between Sylhet and Rochdale, home to around 10,000 people with Sylheti heritage. The Mayor of Sylhet signed it alongside the Mayor of Rochdale, Cllr Keith Swift, at the Sylhet City Corporation.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
Barak Valley
References
[edit]
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https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/123562
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Habitat loss leads to rising cases of elephant attacks in Bangladesh
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The country director of International Union of Conservation of Nature said there's been more attacks as forest area reduced & elephants lost access to food.
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/favicon.ico
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chinadailyhk
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https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/123562#Habitat-loss-leads-to-rising-cases-of-elephant-attacks-in-Bangladesh-2020-03-06
|
A sign that reads "Warning - Route for Wild Elephants" is pictured near Bangladesh's Balukhali camp for Rohingya refugees on Oct 14, 2017. ( INDRANIL MUKHERJEE / AFP)
DHAKA - Parveen Akther, a 45-year-old resident of Joistopura village under Boalkhali upazila in Chattogram, used to hardly experience elephant attacks. The fear of elephant attack has never been a part of daily life for her. But in the last five or six years, a herd of elephants have regularly scoured their village in search of food, in the process attacking people and damaging crops.
Now the constant fear of elephant attacks have gripped not only her but the whole village.
On Nov 24 last year, at least three people died in an elephant attack at Kodurkhil, a neighboring village. Another person died in December in a similar kind of attack in Joistapura.
Parveen told The Daily Star that they never saw such frequent attacks before. They are afraid of stepping out in the evenings, as darkness makes it tough to locate a charging elephant's position.
Elephants need large habitats. As connectivity between habitats are shrinking due to various development work, they have few spaces left to roam, forcing them to swoop in on localities.
Md Raquibul Amin, Country director, International Union of Conservation of Nature
Thousands of people are spending sleepless nights in various parts of six upazilas in Chattogram due to a sharp increase in elephant attacks. At least 10 people died in multiple attacks in the last four months at Rangunia, Boalkhali, Anwara, Bashkhali, Lohagora and Satkania upazilas.
ALSO READ: On the trail of elephants
According to the forest department, at least 88 elephants have died from 2001 to 2019 in Cox's Bazar, Chattogram and three districts of the Hill Tracts combined. From 2010 to 2019, around 50 people have died in elephant attacks.
Md Kamal Uddin, a 40-year-old resident of Sharaf Bhata union under Rangunia upazila, told The Daily Star that he did not see such frequent attacks even five years back.
"Every now and then, elephants attack our village and damage crops and claim people's lives," he said. An elderly person died in his village in January in such attack.
Abu Naser Md Yeasin Neyaz, divisional forest officer (nature conservation and wildlife) of Chattogram, said they formed nine elephant response teams comprising of 10 members each in the wake of repeated attacks.
The committee is actively working now at Anwara, Bashkhali and parts of Chakaria upazilas, he said, adding that they will form at least 30 such committees to reduce human-elephant conflict.
"Elephant response teams firstly try to understand the behaviour of elephants and then try to move them back to the forest, depending on their behavioral trend. The second task is to keep curious people outside of the range of elephants, so that no fatalities take place," he said.
Md Raquibul Amin, country director of International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN), told The Daily Star the extent of attacks have seen a sharp rise in recent years as forest area reduced and the elephants lost access to food.
Elephants hardly marauded across Rangunia and Anwara upazilas before, but in recent days elephant attacks in those areas became a common phenomenon, he said. It was necessary to look for the reason seriously, the IUCN country director added.
"Elephants need large habitats. As connectivity between habitats are shrinking due to various development work, they have few spaces left to roam, forcing them to swoop in on localities. Our development work must be elephant and wildlife friendly," he said.
IUCN classified the Asian elephant as an endangered species, with a population of 268 at present in Bangladesh.
READ MORE: India to install bee sound devices to protect elephants
Asked, elephant expert AHM Raihan Sarker, associate professor of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science at Chittagong University, said the habitats of elephants are getting destroyed in the name of development. Authorities often spurn the opinions of relevant experts in development planning, in the process costing forest areas and wildlife.
The correct methods of protecting forests are not followed properly, and results in people encroaching on forest land and shrinking the habitats of herbivores like elephants. Forest land is being leased out to many influential people in the locality, thus constricting the roaming space for elephants, he further added.
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Chittagong District, Bangladesh
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"| Chittagong City Corporation | Chittagong District | Division of Chittagong | Bangladesh | Bangladesh districts | Mirsharai Upazila | Rangunia Upazila | Patiya Upazila | Raozan Upazila | Sandwip Upazila | Satkania Upazila | Sitakunda Upazila | Anwara Upazila | Banshkhali Upazila | Boalkhali Upazila | Chandanaish Upazila | Fatikchhari Upazila | Hathazari Upazila | Lohagara Upazila | Khulshi Thana | Pahartali Thana | Union Parishads of Chittagong District | List of Freedom Fighter in Chittagong District | Colleges in Chittagong District"
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Chittagong is the second largest city of Bangladesh. Chittagong district consists of 10 thanas (Police station.. short name: PS) under Chittagong City Corporation Area and 14 upazilas, Chittagong District, Bangladesh | Upazilas of Chittagong District | list of upazila in Chittagong | List of Thanas in Chittagong City Corporation, Mirsharai Upazila, Rangunia Upazila, Patiya Upazila, Raozan Upazila, Sandwip Upazila, Satkania Upazila, Sitakunda Upazila, Anwara Upazila, Banshkhali Upazila, Boalkhali Upazila, Chandanaish Upazila, Fatikchhari Upazila, Hathazari Upazila and Lohagara Upazila
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Patiya Upazila (পটিয়া)
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Patiya Upazila (পটিয়া) Patiya Upazila (Chittagong district) with an area of 316.47 sq km, is bounded by Kotwali (Chittagong) and Chandgaon thanas and Boalkhali upazila on the north, Chandanaish and...
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Bangladesh / Chattagam / Patiya /
World / Bangladesh / Chattagam / Patiya World / Bangladesh / Chittagong / Chittagong / Chittagong
subdistrict, fourth-level administrative division, local government
0
Patiya Upazila (Chittagong district) with an area of 316.47 sq km, is bounded by Kotwali (Chittagong) and Chandgaon thanas and Boalkhali upazila on the north, Chandanaish and Anwara upazilas on the south, Rangunia and Chandanaish upazilas on the east, Double Mooring and Bandar (Chittagong) thanas on the west. Main river is Karnafuli.
Patiya is located at 22.3000°N 91.9833°E. Patiya (Town) consists of 9 wards and 9 mahallas. It has an area of 9.96 sq km. The town has a population of 47625; male 55.83% and female 44.17%; population density per sq km 4782. Literacy rate among the town people is 62.8%.
Patiya thana was established in 1845 and was turned into an upazila in 1984. The upazila consists of one municipality, 9 wards, 25 union parishads, 120 mouzas and 124 villages.
Archaeological heritage and relics: Musa Khan Mosque (Hulaina,1658), Kura Katni Mosque (Harin Khain,1806), Kala Mosque (Kachuai, sixteenth century), Mazar of Syed Kutub (Barolia).
Religious institutions: Mosque 476, tomb 41, temple 37, pagoda 1, Buddhist monastery 21 and church 2.
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census: Population 398836; male 52.10%, female 47.90%; Muslim 69.9%, Hindu 26.3%, Buddhist 3.7% and others 0.1%.
Literacy and educational institutions: Average literacy 44.3%; male 51.5% and female 36.4%. Educational institutions: college 10, marine academy 1, marine fisheries academy 1, primary teacher training institute 1, madrasa 16, high school 43, government primary school 147, non-government primary school 16, satellite and community school 25, kindergarten 2. Noted educational institutions: Patiya Ideal High School (1845), Abdus Sobhan Rahat Ali High School (1914), Shashanko Mela Government Primary School (1935), Patiya Government Degree College (1962), Shah Chand Awolia Aliya Madrasa (1928), Al Jameatul Islamia Patiya (1937) and Abdur Rahman Government Girls' High School (1957).
Cultural organisations: Public library 2, club 350, theatre group 4, cinema hall 3, women's organisation 2, literary society 2, shishu-kishore organisation 5, other cultural organisation 8 and gymnasium 1.
Main occupations: Agriculture 17.48%, forestry 1.77%, fishing 2.17%, agricultural labourer 13.27%, wage labourer 5.13%, commerce 17.95%, services 17.42%, industrial labourer 1.03%, transport 4.24%, construction 1.51% and others 18.03%.
Land use: Total cultivable land 15428.75 hectares, fallow land 119.95 hectares; single crop 10.60%, double crop 70.33% and treble crop land 19.07%. Cultivable land under irrigation 61.93%.
Land control: Among the peasants 25.19% are landless, 40.27% marginal, 27.44% small, 6.40% intermediate and 0.70% rich.
Main crops: Paddy, potato, ginger, betel leaf and vegetables.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Fishery 5, dairy 71, poultry 861 and nursery 122.
Communication facilities- Roads: pucca 26 km, semi pucca 42 km and mud road 283 km; railways 16 km; waterways 16 nautical mile.
Manufactories: Power station 2, dry-dock and fishing boat dockyard 2, steel mill 3, cement factory 2, textile mill 2, garments factory 1, poly-foam 1, plastic industries 2, ceiling fan industries 1, packing and board 2, food and spices 5, ice factory 18, match factory 1, salt refinery and crushing 30, rice and flour mills 11 and welding 41.
Cottage industries: Weaving 51, bamboo work 110, goldsmith 82, blacksmith 64, potteries 119, wood work 65, sewing 130 and mat weaving 75.
Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 43, most noted of which are Thana Hat, Safar Ali Munsi Hat and Munshef Bazar; fair 18, most noted of which are Sri Mai Korachengi Mela, Thegorpuni Mela, Mahira Khetropal Mela.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, asa, Bita, LCF, World Vision, FDSR, icddr,b, CARE, Nagorik and Udyog.
Health centres Upazila health complex 1, union family welfare centre 15, union health clinic 7 and NGO sponsored health clinic 1.
Nearby cities:
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Chattogram District Area
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Chattogram District Area Chattogram District (Chattogram division) with an area of 5282.98 sq km, is bounded by feni district and Tripura (Indian state) on the north, cox's bazar district on the...
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http://wikimapia.org/9159583/Chattogram-District-Area
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Bangladesh / Chattagam /
World / Bangladesh / Chattagam / Chattagam World / Bangladesh / Chittagong / Chittagong / Chittagong
district, wetland, second-level administrative division, draw only border
0
Chattogram District (Chattogram division) with an area of 5282.98 sq km, is bounded by feni district and Tripura (Indian state) on the north, cox's bazar district on the south, bandarban, rangamati and khagrachhari districts on the east and noakhali district and the bay of bengal on the west. Chattogram District is quite different from other districts for its unique natural beauty characterised by hills, rivers, sea, forests and valleys. Annual average temperature maximum 32.5°C, minimum 13.5°C, total annual rainfall 2687 mm. Main rivers are karnafuli, halda and sangu.
Chittagong (Town) consists of six thanas, 68 wards and 236 mahallas. It has an area of 209.66 sq km. The town has a population 3202710; male 54.36% and female 45.64%; population density per sq km 15276. The main seaport of Bangladesh is located at the estuary of the Karnafuli river. Chittagong is also called the commercial capital of Bangladesh. Interesting places of the city include Batali Hill (87.5 m in height), War Cemetery, Patenga Sea Beach, foy's lake, etc. The first Export Processing Zone (1983) of Bangladesh is situated here. Chittagong Municipal Committee was established in 1860. At present, it has been turned into Chittagong City Corporation.
Administration Chittagong district was established in 1666 including three hill districts. The district of Chittagong Hill Tracts was established in 1860 with the hill region of the district. Later, Chittagong district was further divided into Chittagong and Cox's Bazar districts. The district consists of one city corporation, seven municipalities, six thanas, 20 upazilas, 197 union parishads and 1,319 villages. The upazilas are anwara, banshkhali, boalkhali, chandanaish, fatikchhari, hathazari, lohagara, mirsharai, patiya, rangunia, raozan, sandwip, satkania and sitakunda. The thanas are chandgaon, Bandar thana (chittagong port) , double mooring, kotwali, pahartali and panchlaish.
Archaeological heritage and relics Bronze statues (8th and 9th centuries, in Anwara upazila), Fakira Mosque (Hathazari), Musa Khan Mosque (1658), Kura Katni Mosque (1806), Kala Mosque (16th century), Chhuti Khan Mosque (Mirsharai), Kadam Mobarak Mosque (1719), Andar Killah Mosque, Wali Khan Mosque (1790), Badar Awlia Dargah, Bakshi Hamid Mosque of Banshkhali (1568), Chittagong Court Building (1893), Collegiate School, Ethnological Museum (1974).
Historical events Chittagong had been a sea port since the ancient time. The Arab traders had business transactions with this port since 9th century AD. Chittagong region was under the kingdom of Arakan during sixth and seventh centuries. Before the Muslim rule Chittagong had been either under the control of the Arakans or under the kings of Burma. Sultan Fakruddin Mubarak Shah of Sonargaon conquered Chittagong in 1340. After the defeat of Sultan Giasuddin Mahmud Shah in the hands of Sher Shah in1538, the Arakanise again captured Chittagong. From this time onward until its conquest by the Mughals this region was under the control of the Portuguese and the Magh pirates. The Mughal Commandar Bujurg Umed Khan expelled the Portuguese from the area in 1666 and established Mughal rule there. The Mughals renamed Chittagong as Islamabad.
On 18th April 1930, the revolutionaries looted the Chittagong armoury under the leadership of Mastarda surya sen. During this time the leaders of the women revolutionaries were pritilata waddedar, Bina Das, Lila Ray, Kalpana Dutta etc. The Declaration of Independence of Bangladesh was announced from swadhin bangla betar kendra located at Kalurghat.
Marks of the War of Liberation Mass graves and mass killing sites: Foy's Lake, Lalkhan Bazar, hilly area adjacent to Firoz Shah Colony, Kattoli Beach, CRB area, hills on the east of Sher Shah Colony, Patenga Air Port, hills around Nasirabad Residential Area and many other places.
Religious institutions Mosque 7140, tomb 220, temple 1,206, church 8 and sacred place 1 the most noted of which are Chuti Khan Mosque, Daulat Bibir Mosque, Mahadia Mosque, Noi Duari Mosque, Hamidullah Khan Mosque, tomb of Shah Jadeh (R), three domed Khan Mosque (Dohazari and Baghica Hat), tombs of Hazrat Shah Amanat (R), Hazrat Bayazid Bostami (R), Mohsen Awlia, Goribullah Shah (R), Hajrat Shah Pir Awlia, Baro Awlia (Sitakunda), Miskin (R), Akbaria Jami Mosque, Nasrat Shah Jami Mosque, Jagannath Mandir (Abu Torab Bazar), World Peace Pagoda (Hathazari), Sitakunda Shankar Math, Dharmo Chakro Buddho Vihara, Koriya Nagar and Sonakania Buddho Viharas, Chandranath Temple Hill, etc.
Population 6545078; male 52.16%, female 47.84%; Muslim 83.92%, Hindu 13.76%; Buddhist 2.01%, Christian 0.11% and others 0.2%.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 43.2%; male 50.3%, female 35%. Educational institutions: university 3, medical college 2, Bangladesh institute of technology 1, college of physical education 1, teachers training college 1, regional public administration institute 1, polytechnic institute 1, homeopathy college 2, nursing institute 1, forest research institute 1, veterinary college 1, home economics college 1, Bangladesh military academy 1, vocational institute 1, law college 2, art college 1, marine academy 1, marine fisheries academy 1, cadet college 1, madrasa 217, college 103, high school 574, junior school 4 and primary school 2,240. Noted educational institutions: Chittagong University (1961), Dr. Khastagir Government Girls' School, Ispahani School and College, Nasirabad Government High School, Chittagong City College, Chittagong College, Chittagong Commerce College, Mohsin College, Chittagong Collegiate School, North Amirabad High School (1932), Patiya Ideal High School (1845), Abdus Sobhan Rahat Ali High School (1914), Shah Chand Awlia Alia Madrassa (1928), Fouzdarhat Cadet College (1958), Rangunia Ideal Multipurpose Pilot High School (1915), Satkania Ideal Pilot High School (1902), Garangia Islamia Kamil Madrassa (1920), Ramgati Ramdhan Abdul Bari Chowdhury High School (1898), Banigram Primary School (1881).
Locally published newspapers and periodicals Present: Daily Azadi, Daily Purbokon, Daily Life, Daily Karnafuli, Weekly Chattala; extinct: Monthly Sanshodhani, Purobi, Mukulika, Simanto; Weekly Jyoti, Weekly Sultan, Daily Jyoti, Daily Rashtrobarta, Daily East Pakistan and Daily Azan.
Main occupations Agriculture 18.71%, fishing 1.16%, agricultural labourer 12.13%, wage labourer 3.54%, industry 1.72%, commerce 16.58%, transport 4.52%, construction 1.43%, service 24.09% and others 16.12%.
Land use Total cultivable land 223782.40 hectares; fallow land (wetland) 115901.25 hectares; forest 162082.56 hectares; hilly area 172759.21 hectares; single crop 29%, double crop 54% and treble crop 17%; cultivable land under irrigation 34.18%.
Land control Among the peasants 25% are landless, 27% small, 15% intermediate, 3% rich and 30% marginal; cultivable land per head 0.04 hectare.
Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is approximately Tk. 17000 per 0.01 hactare.
Main crops Paddy, betelleaf, potato, corn, turmeric, tea, peanut, mustard, patol (heap), brinjal, ginger, cucumber and vegetables.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Local varieties of rice.
Main fruits Mango, jackfruit, guava, coconut, betel nut, palm, litchi, banana, papaya, watermelon and lemon.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Dairy 1637, poultry 3257, hatchery (fishery) 7; dry fish work in the coastal areas of Anwara, Patiya, Cornel hut and Banshkhali.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 985.32 km, semi pucca 912.87 km, mud road 6534 km; railways 146 km; waterways 67 nautical mile; airport 1.
Traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage and bullock cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Major manufactories include Eastern Refinery, Pahartali Railway Workshops, Fouzi Flour mill, Jamuna Oil Company, Glaxo Welcome, Lever Brothers, KDS Garments etc.
Main exports Tea, leather, dried fish and readymade garments.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are caritas, YMCA, brac, FPAB, NGO forum for DWSS, ucep, proshika, asa, nijera kari, CODEC, Mamta, Love the Children Foundation, Sheba Shango, IMAGE, Chittagong Anti-drug Abuse Society, CWFP, Bita, Prottashi, Palli Progati Sangstha, Grammen Projukti (technical) Kendra, Bangladesh Samaj Unnayan Sangstha, SDI, Bangladesh Nari Pragati Sangha, Gana Unnayan Prachesta.
Health centres Medical college hospital 1, general hospital 1, upazila health complex 15, family welfare centre 112, TB hospital 1, infectious disease hospital 1, diabetic hospital 1, mother and children hospital 4, police hospital 1, jail hospital 1 and Bandar (port) hospital 1.
Nearby cities:
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Chittagong Census 2011
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Chittagong Census 2011 - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. This document provides an introduction and overview of the "District Statistics 2011" publication for Chittagong District. It was published in December 2013 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The publication contains socio-economic data at the upazila level for Chittagong District. It acknowledges the support received from various government agencies in collecting and providing the data. It is hoped that the publication will be useful for policymakers, administrators, researchers and others involved in development planning.
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DM Plan Chittagong District - English Version-2014
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DM Plan Chittagong District_English Version-2014 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Bangladesh is a disaster prone country in the world. Due to Geographical disadvantage, the environment, losing balance of power, are facing various catastrophe like inundation, Tornados, drought, Erosion of river, earthquake, various cyclone, fogginess, white squall and so on. Bangladesh is river mothered country. The erosion of river for over flow of water, destroy the location of river side and all the inhabitants lose their all sort of livelihood and livestock and took shelter being pauper in the hovel on the high land or roads. Not only that, but also, men and industries’ created catastrophe become the bane for calamity and people use to live in alarming plight. And also, by the horrific effect, all sort of assets, lives, livelihood, livestock and other resources of the locality may fall in danger. It does not destroy only the located people, also create obstacle for National and economical resources of the country. Though it is a disaster prone country but long term’ Disaster Management plan’ has not been prepared for saving the human being, their all sort of resources, livelihood, animals and other asset, rather have been given importance to rehabilitation and on relief. Recently Government of Bangladesh has taken an initiative on the subject ‘Disaster Management Planning’ through CDMP 2. To implement the plan in action, primarily has taken an initiative for indication ‘Disaster Risk’ through conversation with all sorts of local people, Union and Upazila Management Committee. For Preparedness and reducing risk ‘Disaster Management Plan’ has provided to Badalgachhi Upazilla by indicating ‘local disaster risks’ through ‘Disaster Management Plan’ which will be efficacy for the forthcoming days.
At the time to providing the Plan all classes of people like male, female, cultivator, landless people, aged person, local elite persons, Union and Upazila Disaster Management Committee Members (UzDMC) were congregated. Locally this conspicuous doings have been done by the hard toiling of Shushilan Staffs and related analysis individuals. Disaster Management Committee of Badalgachhi Upazilla under Naogaon District have provided this plan by efficacy toiling and restless endeavor. All kinds of important heart rending calamities as, awareness creation among family members and locality, to take preparation for facing risk would have to use local recourses, replacement of living assets and people to a safety place, rescue impediment people, necessary goods indication, and relief distribution have been included in the Upazila ‘Disaster Management Plan’. If that plan come into being all kinds of calamities would be reduce and all sorts of materials of the people would be safe. Not only that, but also have included preparation before and after disaster, mitigation disaster by using Local resources, social assets, safety places, indication the causes of disaster, disaster warning sign, mostly disaster prone location, climate changes and its horrific effect, development sectors and name of the local volunteers as well as organization.
I am giving thanks from my core of heart to those very persons who have taken part and have given advice, like all Government and Non-Government Organizations and local persons to perform the conspicuous act in good manner. I am confident; this Disaster Management Plan which has prepared by the coherent cooperation of local people, Local Governances and other local organizations should help to Disaster Management Committee and other sectors (Government, International and National NGO, as well as Donor) to perform all acts as a overall plan.
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Map of Chittagong, Bangladesh showing latitude and longitude of items of interest. Page 2 of 2
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Map of Chittagong, Bangladesh showing latitude and longitude of items of interest. Page 2 of 2
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SS Clan Alpine (1942)
Clan Alpine was a 7,168 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1942 for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) as Empire Barrie. She was sold to Clan Line Steamers Ltd in 1947 and served with them until 1957 when she was sold to Bullard, King & Co Ltd and …
Chandanpura Masjid
The Chandanpura Masjid is a mosque situated in the old part (north) of Chittagong on the Nabab Siraj ud-Daulah road in Bangladesh. It is one of the famous landmarks in Chittagong and a popular tourist attraction for its impressive architecture consi…
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Upazila of Chittagong District,Bangladesh
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Rangunia Upazila (chittagong district) with an area of 351.95 sq km, is bounded by kawkhali upazila (Rangamati) on the north, chandanaish, patiya and boalkhaliupazilas on the south, kaptai, rajasthali and bandarban sadar upazilas on the east,raozan and Kawkhali upazilas on the west. Main rivers: karnafuli, Ichamati, Dolukhali and Ichakhali; noted khals (canals): Kulphulmai, Chandraghona, Katakhali, Mundhari, Shilok Khal and Kodalar Khal; noted hills: Ghatcheck, Pomra, Betagi, Farangkhil, Shilok, Kodala, Padua, Shukhbilash and Betbunia; main depressions: Gumai Jheel, Bagha Beel, Laighar Beel, Bhaguina Beel.
Rangunia (Town) consists of 9 wards and 21 mahallas. It has an area of 18.35 sq km. The town has a population of 29196; male 52.74%, female 47.26%; population density per sq km 1591. Literacy rate among the town people is 38.9%.
Administration Rangunia thana was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of 11 union parishads, 71 mouzas and 149 villages.
Archaeological heritage and relics Remnants of the palace of Chakma King Shukdev Ray (18th century), Ranir Pond (Raja Hat), remnants of the palace of Chakma Queen Kalindi (1844), Pagla Mama’s Dargah (19th century) and Dharmo Chakra Vihara (1750).
Historical events Chakma kings (Shukdev Roy, Sher Daulat Khan, Jan Bashk Khan, Tabbar Khan, Jabbar Khan, Dharam Bashk Khan, Rani Kalindi, Harish Chandra Rai and others) ruled this area since 1757. Chakma King Harish Chandra transferred his capital from Raja Nagar of Rangunia to Rangamati in 1874.
Marks of the War of Liberation Memorial monument 3 (Rangunia College, Rangunia Ideal Multilateral Pilot High School and Ichakhali).
Religious institutions Mosque 359, tomb 3, temple 42, pagoda 41 and sacred place 1, most noted of which are Raja Nagar Jami Mosque, Dharma Chakra Buddhist Vihara, Bedir Mandir.
Population 263217; male 51.90%, female 48.10%; Muslim 77.13%, Hindu 16.52%, Buddhist 6.0%, Christians and others 0.35%; main ethnic nationals: Chakma and Marma.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 35.4%; male 42%, female 28.02%. Educational institutions: college 7, high school 28, junior school 7, madrasa 12, government primary school 43, non-government primary school 37. Noted educational institutions: Rangunia Ideal Multilateral Pilot High School (1915), Rangunia College (1963).
Newspapers and periodicals Rangunia, Rupali Rangunia and Ashar Alo.
Cultural organisations Public library 1, rural club 10, women’s organisation 2, playground 30, literary society 1.
Main occupations Agriculture 28%, agricultural labourer 21.44%, wage labourer 3.84%, transport 2.45%, industry 1.28%, commerce 14.6%, service 12.59% and others 15.8%.
Land use Total cultivable land 1732254 hectares.
Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is approximately Tk. 12500 per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Paddy, tobacco, wheat, brinjal, potato, onion, garlic, betel leaf and vegetables.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Local varieties of paddy, til, mustard and kaun.
Main fruits Mango, black berry, coconut, banana, litchi, papaya, amra, olive and pineapple.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Fishery 35, dairy 5, poultry 57.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 30 km and mud road 265 km.
Traditional transport Palanquin (extinct), bullock cart and horse carriage (nearly extinct), boat.
Manufactories Jute mill 1, carpet mill 1, chemical industries 1, saw mill 10 and welding 8.
Cottage industries Weaving 12, bamboo work 40, goldsmith 10, blacksmith 30, potteries 25, wood work 20, tailoring 51 and bidi 1.
Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 12, most noted of which are Dhamaeer Hat, Moghuls Hat, Roazar Hat, Shantir Hat, and Mariam Nagar Hat; fairs 8, most noted of which are Chaitra Sankranti Mela (Raja Nagar), Muharram Mela (Rangunia), Surya Brota Mela (Kadamtoli).
Main exports Betel leaf, papaya, vegetables.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are caritas, Baofa, Mahila Samity and Sabuj Sangha.
Health centres Upazila health complex 1, family planning centre 11 and sub health centre 2. [Suniti Ranjan Barua]
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DM Plan Chittagong District - English Version-2014
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DM Plan Chittagong District_English Version-2014 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Bangladesh is a disaster prone country in the world. Due to Geographical disadvantage, the environment, losing balance of power, are facing various catastrophe like inundation, Tornados, drought, Erosion of river, earthquake, various cyclone, fogginess, white squall and so on. Bangladesh is river mothered country. The erosion of river for over flow of water, destroy the location of river side and all the inhabitants lose their all sort of livelihood and livestock and took shelter being pauper in the hovel on the high land or roads. Not only that, but also, men and industries’ created catastrophe become the bane for calamity and people use to live in alarming plight. And also, by the horrific effect, all sort of assets, lives, livelihood, livestock and other resources of the locality may fall in danger. It does not destroy only the located people, also create obstacle for National and economical resources of the country. Though it is a disaster prone country but long term’ Disaster Management plan’ has not been prepared for saving the human being, their all sort of resources, livelihood, animals and other asset, rather have been given importance to rehabilitation and on relief. Recently Government of Bangladesh has taken an initiative on the subject ‘Disaster Management Planning’ through CDMP 2. To implement the plan in action, primarily has taken an initiative for indication ‘Disaster Risk’ through conversation with all sorts of local people, Union and Upazila Management Committee. For Preparedness and reducing risk ‘Disaster Management Plan’ has provided to Badalgachhi Upazilla by indicating ‘local disaster risks’ through ‘Disaster Management Plan’ which will be efficacy for the forthcoming days.
At the time to providing the Plan all classes of people like male, female, cultivator, landless people, aged person, local elite persons, Union and Upazila Disaster Management Committee Members (UzDMC) were congregated. Locally this conspicuous doings have been done by the hard toiling of Shushilan Staffs and related analysis individuals. Disaster Management Committee of Badalgachhi Upazilla under Naogaon District have provided this plan by efficacy toiling and restless endeavor. All kinds of important heart rending calamities as, awareness creation among family members and locality, to take preparation for facing risk would have to use local recourses, replacement of living assets and people to a safety place, rescue impediment people, necessary goods indication, and relief distribution have been included in the Upazila ‘Disaster Management Plan’. If that plan come into being all kinds of calamities would be reduce and all sorts of materials of the people would be safe. Not only that, but also have included preparation before and after disaster, mitigation disaster by using Local resources, social assets, safety places, indication the causes of disaster, disaster warning sign, mostly disaster prone location, climate changes and its horrific effect, development sectors and name of the local volunteers as well as organization.
I am giving thanks from my core of heart to those very persons who have taken part and have given advice, like all Government and Non-Government Organizations and local persons to perform the conspicuous act in good manner. I am confident; this Disaster Management Plan which has prepared by the coherent cooperation of local people, Local Governances and other local organizations should help to Disaster Management Committee and other sectors (Government, International and National NGO, as well as Donor) to perform all acts as a overall plan.
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Minor boy killed in Chattogram elephant attack
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A minor boy was trampled to death by a wild elephant at Boalkhali upazila in Chattogram on Friday night.
The deceased was identified as Akib, 2, son of Shamshul Alam of Koroldonga village in the upazila.
Md Helal Uddin Faruki, officer-in-charge of Boalkhali Police Station, said when Akib and his
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A minor boy was trampled to death by a wild elephant at Boalkhali upazila in Chattogram on Friday night.
The deceased was identified as Akib, 2, son of Shamshul Alam of Koroldonga village in the upazila.
Md Helal Uddin Faruki, officer-in-charge of Boalkhali Police Station, said when Akib and his family members were returning home the elephant attacked them around 1:30 am, leaving Akib dead on the spot and his father injured.
The elephant entered the locality on Friday night, the OC said.
Earlier on November 24, three people, including a teacher, were trampled to death by wild elephants in separate places in the same upazila, reports UNB.
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Rangunia (Bengali ) is an Upazila of Chittagong District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Rangunia is located in between 2218' and 2237' north latitudes and in between 9158' and 9208' east longitudes. It has 46,176 households and a total area of 347.72km. It is bounded by
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Geography
Rangunia is located in between 22°18' and 22°37' north latitudes and in between 91°58' and 92°08' east longitudes. It has 46,176 households and a total area of 347.72 km².
It is bounded by Chandanaish Upazila on the south; Patiya Upazila, Boalkhali Upazila, Raozan Upazila & Kawkhali Upazila of Rangamati District on the west; Kawkhali Upazila of Rangamati District on the north and Kaptai Upazila & Rajasthali Upazila of Rangamati District and Bandarban Sadar Upazila on the east.
Population
According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, total population of Rangunia Upazila was 340000; male 169596, female 170404; Muslim 78%, Hindu 15%, Buddhist 6% and others 1%. Indigenous communities such as chakma and marma belong to this upazila. Total Voter 240715; male 124263 & female 116452.
Historical Events
Chakma kings (Shukdev Roy, Sher Daulat Khan, Jan Baksh Khan, Tabbar Khan, Jabbar Khan, Dharam Baksh Khan, Rani Kalindi, Harish Chandra Rai and others) ruled this area since 1757. Chakma King Harish Chandra transferred his capital from Rajanagar of Rangunia to Rangamati in 1874.
Water bodies
Main river: Karnaphuli, Ichamoti.
Administration
Rangunia Thana was formed on 24 January 1962 and it was turned into an upazila in 1983. Municipality was formed on 4 July 2000.
Perliamentery Area: 284 Chittagong-7 (including Shreepur-Kharandweep Union of Boalkhali Upazila)
Member of Perliament: D. Hasan Mahmud
Municipality chairman: Shahjahan Shikdar
Upazila Chairman: Ali Shah
Vice Chairman: Aktar Hossain (Independent)
Woman Vice Chairman: Rehena Begum
Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO): Mohammad Saiful Islam Majumdar
Rangunia has 1 Municipality & 15 Unions.
Municipality: Rangunia
Unions:
Rajanagar
Hosnabad
Rangunia
Mariamnagar
Parua
Pomra
Betagi
Sarafbhata
Shilok
Padua
Chandraghona Kadamtali
Kodala
Islampur
South Rajanagar
Lalanagar
Education
Rangunia had an average literacy rate of 70.75%.
There are 9 colleges, 40 secondery schools, 25 madrasas, 179 primary school and many other registerd & kindergartens in the upazila.
Colleges
Rangunia Govt. College
Rangunia Women College
North Rangunia Degree College
Rajanagar Ranirhat Degree College
Syeda Selima Qader Chowdhury Degree College
South Rangunia Padua College
M Shah Alam Chowdhury Degree College
Hasina Jamal Degree College
Shilok Balika Mohabidhyaloy
Communication Facilities
Chittagong-Rangamai Highway
Chittagong-Kaptai Highway
Chandraghona-Bandarban Highway
Mariamnagar-Ranirhat Link Road
Rowazarhat-Ranirhat Link Road
Godown-Padua Link Road
Godown-Boalkhali Link Road
Health centres
Upazila health complex 1, family planning centre 11, satellite clinic 2.
Economics
Main sources of income are: Agriculture 39.71%, non-agricultural labourer 4.30%, industry 0.58%, commerce 16.24%, transport and communication 3.57%, service 12.31%, construction 1.03%, religious service 0.49%, rent and remittance 10.91% and others 10.86%.
Newspapers & periodicals
Ranguniar Khobor (weekly)
Rupali Rangunia
Ashar Alo
Rangunia Sangbad
Rangunianews24.com
Religious Institutions
Mosque 359, Temple 42, Tomb 3, Pagoda 41, Sacred place 1.
Tourists spots
Sheikh Rasel Aviery Park
Remnants of the Chakma Rajbari (Shukbilash, Padua)
Mahamuni Buddhist Monastery
Tea garden (Agunia, Kodala, Thandachhari).
Betagee Grammar School
Archaeological heritage & relics
Remnants of the palace Shukbilash (18th century)
Ranir Pukur (Rajarhat)
Pagla Mama Dargah (19th century)
Dharma Chakra Vihara (1750)
Jagadhatri Mandir
Sree Sree Ramakrishna Mandir (Santiniketan)
Shiva Chaturdashi Mandir (Parua)
Krishna Mandir (Majumdarkhil)
Sagar Dighi (Rajanagar)
Mahamuni Buddhist Monastery
Simaghar
In War of Liberation
In 1971, encounters were held between the freedom fighters and the Pak army at Ranirhat, Rowajarhat and Rangunia. The Pak army conducted looting, burning, rape and mass killing in various places of the upazila.
Marks of the War of Liberation
Mass Grave - 2
Memorial Monument - 3 (Rangunia College, Rangunia Ideal Multilateral Pilot High School and Ichakhali).
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A leading scientific publisher dedicated to publish peer-reviewed significant research work, delivering quality content through innovative information products and services. Our business is to manage the knowledge and disseminate the new discoveries globally.
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Currently hosting more than 50,000 fully open-access articles
Science Alert is an AI-supported leading journal-hosting platform designed to serve readers and publishers. Our publishing infrastructure is designed by experts after communicating with researchers of various disciplines and provides different options to read and share quality research work around the globe.
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Boalkhali Upazila
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Upazila in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh
Upazila in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Boalkhali (Bengali: বোয়ালখালী) is an upazila of Chattogram District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh.[1]
Geography
[edit]
Boalkhali is located at . It had 44108 households and its total area is 126.46 km2.[1]
According to the 2001 Bangladesh Census, there were 36,588 households.
Demographics
[edit]
As of the 2011 Bangladesh census, Boalkhali upazila had 44,108 households and a population of 223,125. 46,730 (20.94%) were under 10 years of age. Boalkhali had an average literacy rate of 58.90%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1042 females per 1000 males. 31,206 (13.99%) of the population lived in urban areas.[2][3]
As of the 2001 Bangladesh census, the population was 201,590, comprising 104,601 males and 96,989 females. Boalkhali had 9 Unions, 31 Mauza and 30 villages and the literacy rate was 71.8%.[4]
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Boalkhali has a population of 195607. Males constitute 51.75% of the population, and females 48.25%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 98116. Boalkhali has an average literacy rate of 48.5% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.[5]
Economy
[edit]
Agriculture and manufacturing are the two major economic sectors in Boalkhali. The main crops grown here are Paddy, Mustards, Onion, Garlic, Chili and other vegetables. The KorolDenga hills are very fertile for cultivating fruits. The main fruits cultivated here are Jackfruit, Mango, Olive, Papaya, Guava, Kamranga, Banana, KoshshoGula, FyinnaGula, Boththa, Aamra, Pineapple, Lemon and Jambura. The main trees planted in the Koroldenga hills are Agar, Rubber and Teak. The bank of Karnafuli River is also very fertile for cultivation. There are so many fisheries, dairies and poultries in Boalkhali Upazila.
There are a lot of Hats and Bazars in Boalkhali. Hazir Hat, Chowdhury Hat, Munsi Hut, Jomadar Hat etc. are famous Bazar.
The transportation of Boalkhali Upazila is very developed compare to other parts of the country. People can navigate through Karnafuli River, Rail, Bus, Tempoo, CNG (Local Taxi). For Rail there are two stations one in Gomdandi and another one in Bengura.
Administration
[edit]
Boalkhali Upazila is divided into Boalkhali Municipality and nine union parishads: Ahla Karaldenga, Amuchia, Charandwip, Kandhurkhil, Paschim Gamdandi, Popadia, Sakpura, Saroatali, and Sreepur Kharandwip. The union parishads are subdivided into 31 mauzas and 33 villages.[6]
Boalkhali Municipality was formed by nine wards in 2012 and is located by the whole Former East Gondandi Union, West Gomdandi unit 1 to 6 and Khadurkhil unit 1 to 3 from Union Parishod.
Mayor
Haji Abul Kalam (Abu) Bangladesh National Party
Upazila Chairman:
Mohammad Nurul Amin, Bangladesh Awami League
Vice Chairman:
Mohammad Selim, Bangladesh Awami League
Woman Vice Chairman:
Shamim Ara Begum, Bangladesh Awami League
Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO):
Mohammad Mamun[7]
Notable residents
[edit]
Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850-1905), theologian, teacher and social reformer
Binod Bihari Chowdhury, revolutionary, was born at Uttar Bhurshi village in 1911.[8]
Kalpana Datta, revolutionary, was born at Sreepur village in 1913.[9]
Shefali Ghosh, singer, was born at Kanungo Para village circa 1941.[10]
Rama Chowdhury-War heroine of Bangladesh Liberation war.
Chinmoy Kumar Ghosh - Philosopher, Peace Meditations at the United Nations 1931
See also
[edit]
Upazilas of Bangladesh
Districts of Bangladesh
Divisions of Bangladesh
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Chittagong District চ¿ ̄ জল¿ District of Bangladesh Chattogram
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Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia, la enciclopedia
|
es
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Studocu
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https://www.studocu.com/ec/document/universidad-tecnica-de-cotopaxi/histologia/chittagong-district-wikipedia/29268694
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Chittagong District
চ��¿ ̄ �জল¿
District of Bangladesh Chattogram District
Clockwise from top-left: View of Agrabad, Anderkilla Shahi Jame Mosque, Mahamaya Lake, Port of Chittagong, Chandranath Temple at Sitakunda
Chittagong District
Chittagong District , renamed the Chattogram District ,[2] is a district located in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. The port city of Chittagong, which is the second largest city in Bangladesh, is located within this district.
History Administration Subdivisions Demographics Religion Education Notable people See also References External links
Because of the natural harbour, Chittagong had been an important location for trade, drawing Arab traders as early as the 9th century CE. The region fell under the rule of kings from Arakan in the 16th and 17th centuries, but later, the Mughal Army under Shaista Khan conquered Chittagong. During the 17th century, the region also faced a lot of attacks by Portuguese pirates. The Mughals established Chittagong as a district in 1666. Chittagong is the 2nd largest district in Bangladesh by population and area. The Chittagong Hill Tracts were separated from Chittagong in 1860. In 1947, Chittagong came under Pakistan and became part a district of East Pakistan. Port of Chittagong was a big spot for exports and imports of Pakistan. After the liberation of Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar District was separated in 1984.[3]
Administrator of Zila Porishod: M A Salam[4]
Coordinates: 22°N 91°E
Contents
History
Administration
Expandable map of Chittagong District Coordinates: 22°N 91°E Country Bangladesh Division Chittagong Division Seat Chittagong **Government
Divisional Commissioner**
Md. Kamrul hasan
- District Council Chairman
Muhammad Abdus Salam
- Chief Executive Officer
Khondokar Zohirul Islam
**Area
Total** 5,282 km 2 (2,039 sq mi) - Rank 2 Population (2011 census) - Total 7,616, - Rank 2 - Density 1,400/km 2 (3,700/sq mi) **Literacy rate
Total** 73% Time zone UTC+06:00 (BST) HDI (2019) 0[1] medium · 3rd of 20 Website chittagong.gov (htt p:chittagong.gov/)
Deputy Commissioner (DC): Mohammad Elius Hossain [5]
There are 15 upazilas[6] and 15 thanas[7] (the latter under Chittagong Municipal area) within Chittagong District.
The upazilas are:
The thanas are:
Anwara Upazila
Banshkhali Upazila
Boalkhali Upazila
Chandanaish Upazila
Fatikchhari Upazila
Hathazari Upazila
Karnaphuli Upazila[8]
LOHAGARA Upazila
Mirsharai Upazila
Patiya Upazila
Rangunia Upazila
Raozan Upazila
Sandwip Upazila
Satkania Upazila
Sitakunda Upazila
Akbar Shah Thana
Bakalia Thana
Bandar Thana
Bayazid Bostami Thana
Chandgaon Thana
Chawkbazar Thana
Chittagong Kotwali Thana
Double Mooring Thana
EPZ Thana
Halishahar Thana
Karnaphuli Thana
Khulshi Thana
Pahartali Thana
Panchlaish Thana
Patenga Thana
Sadarghat Thana
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Subdivisions
Demographics
BGC Trust University Bangladesh International Islamic University Chittagong East Delta University Premier University, Chittagong Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Medical University University of Science and Technology, Chittagong University of Creative Technology, Chittagong Southern University Bangladesh
Medical colleges
Chittagong Medical College BGC Trust Medical College, Chandanaish CHİTTAGONG DENTAL COLLEGE
Binod Bihari Chawdhury Nuton Chandra Singha Nurul Abedin Oli Ahmad Mahbubul Alam Mohit Ul Alam Ayub Bachchu Shyam Sundar Baishnab Partha Barua Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad Abdul Haq Choudhury Shantanu Biswas Sri Chinmoy Pramod Ranjan Choudhury Mehazabien Chowdhury Rony Chowdhury Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury Sarat Chandra Das Maitreyi Devi Charles John Stanley Gough Ehsanul Haque Enamul Haque (cricketer, born 1966) Enamul Haque (writer) Chandra Kalindi Roy Henriksen Rabiul Hoque Somnath Hore Ashraful Hossain Nazmul Huq Tamim Iqbal Mamunul Islam
Nurul Islam (physician) Mirza Ahmad Ispahani Rubayyat Jahan Binoy Bashi Joldas Abul Kashem Khan Akram Khan (cricketer) Allauddin Khan Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan Morshed Khan Dipa Ma Anandamayi Ma Abdul Mannan (educator) Nusrat Faria Mazhar Adolph Medlycott Minhajul Abedin A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury Moniruzzaman (Chittagong Division cricketer) Anagarika Munindra Masuma Rahman Nabila Wasfia Nazreen Ayub Quadri Gulamur Rahman Mojibur Rahman Mihir Rakshit Ramesh Shil Tridev Roy Bibi Russell Iftekhar Sajjad Blanaid Salkeld
Notable people
Chittagong Chittagong Division Divisions of Bangladesh
"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab" (hdi.globaldatalab/areadata/s hdi/). hdi.globaldatalab. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
Mahadi Al Hasnat (2 April 2018). "Mixed reactions as govt changes English spellings of 5 district names" (dhakatribune/bangladesh/2018/04/02/english-spellings-chittag ong-comilla-barisal-jessore-bogra-changed/). Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
Mohammad Mahibbullah Siddiqi (2012). "Cox's Bazar District" (en.banglapedia/inde x?title=Cox%E2%80%99s_Bazar_District). In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
"AL men appointed administrators" (thedailystar/newDesign/news-details.php?ni d=214399). The Daily Star.
� ̄¿. ইÀলয়¿¹ �º¿ে¹ন চ��¿ ̄ À®¿েগর ��� �জল¿ �শ¿¹ক (ctgpratidin/%e0%a6%ae% e0%a7%8b-%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%bf%e0%a7%9f%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8- %e0%a6%b9%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a8-%e0%a6%9a%e0%a6% f%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%9f%e0%a6%97%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be/). Chattogram Pratidin (in Bengali). 27 January 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Jasim Uddin Harun (2012). "Chittagong District" (en.banglapedia/index.php?title=Chit tagong_District). In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
"Home Minister to launch 4 new thanas in Ctg tomorrow" (thefinancialexpress-bd m/old/index?ref=MjBfMDVfMjlfMTNfMV8xOTBfMTcwOTQ4). The Financial Express. 29 May 2013.
"Karnaphuli becomes Bangladesh's 490th Upazila" (bdnews24/bangladesh/2016/ 5/09/karnaphuli-becomes-bangladeshs-490th-upazila). bdnews24. 9 May 2016.
"Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011(Zila aeries)" (bbs.gov/site/pag e/47856ad0-7e1c-4aab-bd78-892733bc06eb/Population-and-Housing-Census). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
চ��¿ে ̄র ¹েচেয় �¿চীন ই ̄¿রত (prothomalo/bangladesh/article/41009/%E0% A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B 0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E
Anupam Sen Nabinchandra Sen Surya Sen Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Nikhil Baran Sengupta Jiban Ghoshal Tarakeswar Dastidar Ahmed Sharif Lokman Khan Sherwani L. K. Siddiqi Shahidul Yousuf Sohel
Jack Stephens (set decorator) Suddhananda Mahathero Sukomal Barua Pritilata Waddedar Yasir Ali (Bangladeshi cricketer) Monica Yunus Muhammad Yunus Zamor Rajat Sen Minar Rahman
See also
References
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Police officer found dead
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2017-04-15T18:00:00
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RMP AC
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https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/223125
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https://www.studocu.com/row/document/university-of-dhaka/social-science/sample-of-academic-work/35344266
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research proposal topic good governance in health service delivery at upazila health complex under health, population and nutrition development program (hpnsdp
|
en
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Studocu
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https://www.studocu.com/row/document/university-of-dhaka/social-science/sample-of-academic-work/35344266
|
Research Proposal Topic
Good Governance in Health Service Delivery at Upazila Health Complex under Health, Population and Nutrition Development Program (HPNSDP) : A study on Boalkhali Upazila Health Complex.
Submitted To
####### AKA FIROWZ AHMAD
Professor Department of Public Administration University of Dhaka.
Submitted By
Anjuman Ashad Class Roll: SN 13 8 th semester, 4th batch. Department of Public Administration. University of Dhaka.
Date of Submission
10.
1.
2. Background of the study
Bangladesh is a mostly rural, developing country of South Asia, located on the northern shore of the Bay of Bengal, covering 147,570 square km. People of this country are known as hardworking, with proven capability to preserve mental strength in the event of unexpected extensive loss due to natural calamities, such as floods, cyclones, epidemics, etc. But their basic needs have remained unfulfilled.
Health is a basic requirement to improve the quality of life. National economic and social development depends on the status of a country9s health facilities. A health care system reflects the socio-economic and technological development of a country and is also a measure of the responsibilities a community or government assumes for its people9s health care. The effectiveness of a health system depends on the availability and accessibility of services in a form which the people are able to understand, accept and utilize. The Government of Bangladesh is constitutionally committed to <the supply of basic medical requirements to all levels of the people in the society= and the <improvement of nutrition status of the people and public health status= (Bangladesh Constitution, Article- 18). The health service functions were initially restricted to curative services. With the development of modern science and technology, health services emphasize promotive and preventive rather than curative health care. Yet, a large number of people of Bangladesh, particularly in rural areas, remain with no or little access to health care facilities. It would be critical for making progress in Bangladesh9s health services to improve the people9s participation in the health sector. The Government therefore seeks to create conditions whereby the people of Bangladesh have the opportunity to reach and maintain the highest attainable level of health. Bangladesh has a good infrastructure for delivering primary health care, but the full potential of this infrastructure has due to lack of adequate logistics never been utilized.
health, nutrition and reproductive health, including family planning status of the people, particularly of vulnerable groups, including women, children, the elderly, and the poor with the ultimate aim of their economic emancipation and physical, social, mental and spiritual well being. Three sub-sectoral policies, i., National Health Policy, National Food and Nutrition Policy, and National Population Policy duly approved by the government from time to time are under implementation by the MOHFW.
Government leaders frequently speak of ensuring better health services for the people, but in practice very little is done in this regard. It goes without saying that food, Clothing, Shelter, Education and Medical care are the five basic needs of life. Without these none can lead a normal life. But in Bangladesh not a single of these is easily available for all. Specially, proper medical care and treatment of various diseases are, in fact, beyond the reach of the common people due to different reasons. The most important reason is that the health sector itself is suffering from a number of acute diseases and so unable to provide necessary services for the people.
The infrastructure of the health sector is not strong enough to face the challenge of time and meet the growing needs of the huge population. The situation is aggravated further by widespread corruption and misuse of the limited funds made available for this sector.
The health care Bangladesh people get from the government is quite unsatisfactory. Not to speak of the developed countries, even India and Pakistan spend more and provide more facilities for the medical care of their people compared to Bangladesh. Moreover, the cost of medical check-up, test and treatment is much higher in Bangladesh than that in any other country of the region. True, a number of new medical colleges and hospitals have been established in the country in the recent past. But this too has not yet been able to contribute substantially to bring about a qualitative improvement in the country's medical care system.
The miserable condition of the country's health sector is perhaps due to the fact that medical care is considered here as a commercially sellable commodity instead of a noble service to suffering humanity. The people spend a good amount of money for every medical student till he
becomes a doctor and the entire health sector is run with the help of public money. But the people do not get the much-needed medical care from the State and enough sympathy of the doctors. It is perhaps an irony of their fate.
The State is apparently incapable of coping with the peoples' growing need of medical care. Because, our health sector is running short of Personnel. Press reports suggest that Posts of thousands of officers and workers including doctors and nurses are lying vacant in the government hospitals of the country. And as a result, the normal functioning of the hospitals is being affected seriously. The health sector is largely crippled by inertia, inefficiency, negligence, wrong treatment, ill-treatment, mismanagement, irregularities, opportunism and corruption. Scores of instances in this regard can be sighted from reports published in Newspapers. These reports indicate that in many cases the doctors and nurses working in government hospitals behave in an unfriendly manner with the people and remain busy in serving themselves instead of the patients while the specialists spare more time and energy for the patients at their personal chambers or Private clinics than for those languishing in the hospital beds. Reports also suggest that many of the government hospitals are centers of theft and misappropriation of public money almost freely. For example, it is alleged that in order to make money concerned people in some government hospitals purchase outdated and sub-standard medicines and supply those to the patients. And it is now an open secret that the markets are over-flooded with outdated, adulterated, sub-standard, spurious and contraband medicines and those are being sold and used freely causing much harm to the patients.
Irregularities and mismanagement are found almost everywhere in the country. But these are most acute in the field of medical treatment of the people. Indifference to the patients and negligence of their treatment are very common in the government hospitals where the atmosphere is usually nasty and unhealthy. Against this backdrop, it has become essential to arrange urgent 8treatment9 for the ailing health sector itself.
With a view to make health service accessible and participatory to the people of all strata of the society The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has been implementing sector wide approach (SWAp) since July 1998 focusing on pro-poor essential service packages, which have resulted in reducing gap between the rich and the poor. However, demand and supply gaps
upazila are the lowest level of administrative tier. The main target of the present government9s national health policy is th provide the rural masses with primary health care services through upazila Health complex.
There are many research conducted on the effective and efficient functioning of Public health sector. Some important literature that I review are following:
Zulfiqar Ali (Divergent Maternal & Child Health outcomes in Bangladesh: A tale of Two Upazilas) highlights on health performance in respect of maternal and child care. He tried to draw the attention on maternal and child mortality and morbidity through conducting research on 2 upazila.
A study of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) namely <A tale of two wings= (Health and Family Planning Program in an upazila in Northern Bangladesh) looked at the existing domiciliary health and family planning services in the rural areas and attempted to identify areas where BRAC could facilitate for improvement.
Ferdous Arefina Osman, Professor of Dhaka University, Department of PUBLIC Administration in the article < Public- Private Partnership: Lessons from Bangladesh= outlined that partnership can be a straightforward solution to address the growing public health problems in Bangladesh. She is of opinion that partnership is required to exploit the strengths of all the sectors toward fulfilling the basic health needs of the people, which is always challenging.
A.K. Eamin Ali Aknada and Dr. Kazi Mostak Gausul Hoq in <Public Health Information Service in the northern region of Bangladesh: an Exploratory study= focuses on the crucial role of information services in upgrading health status of the population of any country by providing valuable information like health, sanitation, nutrition, family planning etc.
A study by Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) <People9s Participation in Health services: A study of Bangladesh Rural Health complex= aims to explore the sequence of the development and people9s participation in Bangladesh9s health services.
My proposed research is a little bit different from the literatures discussed above. As we group members are going to work on 11 different Upazila Health Complex in assessing Good
Governance in health service delivery our research report will be very unique as there was no research conducted in the past covering all components of Public Management with all indicators of Good Governance.
5. Theoretical Framework
Public management is a term that considers that government and non-profit administration resembles private-sector management in some important ways. As such, there are management tools appropriate in public and in private domains, tools that maximize efficiency and effectiveness.
Features of public management:
➢ Emphasizes on the achievement of results and personnel responsibility of manager. ➢ Making organizations, personnel and employment terms and conditions more flexible. ➢ Organizational and personal objectives are to be set clearly with performance indicators and evaluation mechanism for ensuring 3Es economy, efficiency and effectiveness. ➢ Politically committed senior officials for a hindrance free management of policy cycles. ➢ Governments are to more likely to be market oriented. ➢ Downsizing of government through privatization.
Components of public management
➢ Strategy ➢ Management of internal components Organization & Human Resource Management Finance & Financial Management ➢ Managing external constituencies Political Force, Pressure Group, Press & Media. External Unit.
Good Governance
Governance has by now become a familiar term in academic arena and the international donor circles. The familiarity has, among other things, resulted in numerous efforts to define governance in recent years. But these efforts have not resulted in any universal consensus as to the precise meaning of governance. Governance has been viewed from different angles focusing on various dimensions of it. In general, sense governance means exercising political power to manage a nation9s affair. Today governance is seen as a reflection of the role of the state in giving direction to the development, a country and political regime.
7. Enforcement of Rule of law and judicial system: Independence of the judiciary; removal of judges for cause; adequate remuneration; promotion of judges; independent prosecutors; improved access to justice
8. Privatization: Monopolies as a vehicle for corrupt practices; privatization procedures; transparency in government procurement.
9. Participation: Participation of citizens in decision making and implementation;
10. Enforcement mechanisms: Independent anti-corruption agencies; prosecutorial powers; civil and criminal penalties.
Characteristics of good governance:.
Much has been written about the characteristics of efficient government, successful businesses and effective civil society organizations, but the characteristics of good governance defined in societal terms remain elusive. The characteristics are: 1. Participation – People should have a say in decision-making, either directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that affects their life and represent their interests. Such broad participation is built on freedom of association and speech, as well as capacities to participate constructively. 2. Rule of law – Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially, particularly the laws on human rights. Rule of law is ensured in every sphere. People9s human rights and fundamental freedom are respected, allowing them to live with dignity. 3. Transparency – Transparency is built on the free flow of information. Processes, institutions and information are directly accessible to those concerned with them, and enough information is provided to understand and monitor them. 4. Responsiveness – Institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders. 5. Consensus orientation – Good governance mediates differing interests to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interests of the group and, where possible, on policies and procedures. 6. Equity – People are free from discrimination based on race, ethnicity, class, gender or any other attribute. All men and women have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being. Women are equal partners with men in private and public spheres of life and decision-making. 7. Effectiveness and efficiency – Processes and institutions produce results that meet needs while making the best use of resources. 8. Accountability – Decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending on the organization and whether the decision is internal or external to an organization.
Strategic vision – Leaders and the public have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance and human development, along with a sense of what is needed for such development. There is also an understanding of the historical, cultural and social complexities in which that perspective is grounded and the needs of future generations are reflected in current policies.
Public Management & Good Governance
Good Governance is the result of operational success of public management practice. Through proper management of the components of public management it is possible to bring a sustainable check and balance in the public service in developing countries like Bangladesh. With a view to measure the state of Public Management in Bangladesh, it is therefore mandatory to assess the indicators of good governance in aspect to Bangladesh.
In health care delivery the term good governance focuses on the relationship between the government health service provider and the beneficiary.
Governance in Health is increasing regarded as a salient theme on the development of agenda. The increased interest in governance has been driven by the need for greater accountability, arising from increased funding and a growing demand to demonstrate results. An intrinsic aspect of governance, therefore, is accountability. Here Public Management concerns the relationships between various stakeholders in health including individuals, households, communities, firms, governments, non-governmental organizations, private firms, and other entities which have the responsibility to finance, monitor, deliver, and use health services.
In Public Management of Health Service Delivery, accountability involves:
a) Delegation or an understanding (either implicit or explicit) of how services will be supplied; b) F inancing to ensure that adequate resources are available to deliver services; c) P erformance around the actual supply of services; d) Receipt of relevant information to evaluate or monitor performance; and, e) E nforcement which concerns the imposition of sanctions or the provision of rewards for performance.
Figure: Analytical Framework
7. Scope & Limitation of the study
The area of my intended study is Boalkhali Upazila of Chittagong district Bangladesh. The reason behind considering Boalkhali Upazila as an opportunity for conducting study is Acces and convenience to the area as it is my own area from my maternal side. The people of the locality are likely to help me listening that I am their own representative. The people will be likely to provide me with more information as I am familiar with them.
The study also have some limitations. The limitations that I think in conducting my intended study are following:
❖ Covers small sample. ❖ Lack of unwillingness of people in providing information. ❖ People’s unconsciousness. ❖ Time and Time Constraint. ❖ Reliability of information obtained. ❖ Insufficient source of secondary data. ❖ Lack of access to the research area as there exist a large bureaucracy and the service provider might unwillingly to talk about the study.
8. Research Objectives
The objectives of this study are following:
To see what sorts of health care facilities are available at the particular Upazila Health Complex.
To see to what extent people are satisfied with the services provided by UHC. To scrutinize why UHC is not being able to achieve people9s satisfaction.
To find out what are the barriers of UHC and how these can be abolished.
9. Research Questions
Is UHC is being able to deliver people with primary health care services? Is good governance is being achieved? Is there exist irregularity, nepotism and corruption present in the health officials at UHC?
10. Research Hypotheses
<Upazila Health Complex is being able to provide with primary health care facilities to some extent but is failed to achieve peoples trust and satisfaction due to irregularity, nepotism, corruption exist there in=.
11. Methodology
10. Study Area
Boalkhali is a famous & development Upazila in the Chittagong District. It is 15 km away from Chittagong town. It has 10 Unions with 43053 households. The population is around 2,49,341. Agriculture and manufacturing are the two major economic sectors in Boalkhali. The Upazila Health complex is located in the center of the Upazila Sadar. Boalkhali Upazila has 50 bedded Upazila health complex. This has also equipped for EmOC Service. There are 6 Sub center run by Doctors And medical Assistant. Out of 27 Community Clinic 24 are Functional.
10. Sample Size
As my research is confined only within Boalkhali Upazila, this homogeneinity ensures that a sample size of 50 is sufficient to successfully represent the whole upazila.
My sample also include the health officials, UNO and the Upazila Chairman.
10.3 Type
As my research is confined within the service delivery aspect of Boalkhali Upazila Health Complex first of all I have to categorize my sample in 2 categories which are following:
able to acquire primary qualitative data, but also quantitative data which will help me to
compare mathematically and analyze statistically.
Focus Group Discussion:
Due to high level of access and convenience to reach my target population, I can easily
arrange a session of focus group discussion. At least 6 people will be randomly chosen
from the population. I will act as moderator of the discussion. Open ended questions will
be thrown to the participants, one at a time, providing an open, fairly unrestricted manner
to bring out heterogeneous opinions.
I think Focus Group Discussion will provide me with useful insights about true
impressions of the local people on health care services available at Upazila Health
Complex.
Interview:
As I have proper access to the research area, I will take interview of respondents whom I
consider crucial. This method is very important because questionnaire or other method of
data collection usually do not cover detail information on a matter.
Case Study:
The last method of my data collection from the respondents is case study method. Using
this method, I will be able to know heterogeneous opinion and incidents from the
respondent and this will help me to determine whether they are satisfied with the Upazila
Health Services or not. If not, what are the causes behind not being satisfied.
References
Constitution of Peoples republic of Bangladesh.
National Health Policy 2011. Health and Population Sector Program Third Service Delivery Survey, 2000, Project Report of CIET.
Policy Brief on <Health & Population Sector Policy=, August 2001, Task Force report by Center for policy dialogue.
Osman, Ferdous A. (2004) Policy Making in Bangladesh: A Study of the Health Policy Process, AH Development Publication House, Dhaka. Osman, Ferdous A. (2004) Public-Private Partnership in Health Service Delivery: Lessons from Bangladesh.
Perry, H. (2005) Health for All in Bangladesh: Lessons in Primary Health Care for the Twenty First Century, UPL, Dhaka.
OED, World Bank (2005), Maintaining Momentum to 2015? An Impact Evaluation of Interventions to Improve Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Bangladesh, Operations Evaluation Department (OED), The World Bank, Washington, D.
BDHS (Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey) 2007, Preliminary Report, National Institute of Population Research and Training Dhaka, Bangladesh, Mitra Associates Dhaka, Bangladesh, MEASERES DHS, Macro International Calverton, Maryland, USA. Government of People9s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Management Information System (MIS), Directorate General of Health Services, Health Bulletin 2009. Field Visit Notes and Future Thoughts by DFID, CLP, and Engender Health on October 14, 2009 (meeting at Jamuna Resort and NDP Office at Belkuchi).
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Karnaphuli needs urgent policy attention
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Dam construction project in Chattogram: Karnaphuli deserves urgent policy attention
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https://www.thedailystar.net/sites/all/themes/sloth/favicon.ico
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The Daily Star
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https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/editorial/news/karnaphuli-needs-urgent-policy-attention-3228251
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It's alarming to see the direction in which the fate of Karnaphuli river in Chattogram is headed, with years of negligence, unbridled greed, and lack of protection reducing it to a cautionary tale of what not to do with rivers – both on individual and institutional levels. Just as it has been subjected to indiscriminate pollution and encroachment in many parts – creating a suffocating condition for its ecosystem – it has, in other parts, also been witness to unchecked erosion thanks to lack of efforts from the authorities. Karnaphuli, thus, never seems to be far away from something bad threatening its existence or that of those who depend on it.
The latest development, as reported by this daily, saw a crucial project that could protect its banks around Chattogram's Boalkhali upazila being stuck in limbo. The project, proposed by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), involves constructing a 7.4km-long sustainable dam as well as 2.4km-long dams on both banks of the river. In addition, dams will be built to guard the banks of five branch canals of the river. There are, of course, questions over whether BWDB can actually pull it off to get desired results. But the long delay in approving the project shows its lack of priority to the higher authorities.
Reportedly, the project proposal is currently stuck at the planning wing of the water resources ministry, which is reviewing its estimated cost of Tk 144 crore in line with the government's cost containment policy. We understand the importance of prioritising important projects given the ongoing economic crisis, but this project, if implemented properly, will be tremendously beneficial for the at-risk communities. River erosion in Boalkhali upazila has been wreaking havoc on the lives of at least 120,000 people, a number that may rise if preventive action is not taken soon. Also at risk are 150 small industrial structures, 45 roads, 20 bridge-culverts, 3,750 homes, 140km electric lines, five markets, 12 schools, 2,500 hectares of agricultural land, etc.
The question is, why are we so slow or reluctant to act when it comes to saving rivers? Even when well-meaning initiatives are taken – to dredge, construct dams, evict encroachers, prevent pollution, etc. – often they are marred by mismanagement and irregularities by the relevant state departments. These attempts are also so poorly planned and uncoordinated that any resultant effect fizzles out before it can be visible. Chattogram itself has been the site of a number of such initiatives. Yet, 40 percent of the city's plastic waste is ending up in Karnaphuli, while the Rupsha river in the south-west is taking in 31.7 percent of such waste. As a result, a large number of aquatic species from the rivers have vanished. Karnaphuli's 40km-long banks, from Kalurghat to Patenga, have also been the subject of frequent grabbing attempts.
We urge the higher authorities to reverse this destructive trend. Rivers, in Chattogram and elsewhere in the country, are crying for proper policy attention. We must save our rivers and also save people and properties from the wrath of mismanaged rivers. BWDB, the National River Conservation Commission, and other relevant institutions must all do their part.
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Boalkhali Upazila
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upazila in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh
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Grain size analysis report on karnaphuli river bank sediments. md. yousuf gazi
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Grain size analysis report on karnaphuli river bank sediments. md. yousuf gazi - Download as a PDF or view online for free
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https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/favicon.7bc3d920.ico
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https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/grain-size-analysis-report-on-karnaphuli-river-bank-sediments-md-yousuf-gazi/78281581
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1. “Grain size analysis report on Karnaphuli river bank sediments” Md. Yousuf Gazi Department of Geology University of Dhaka 1st year student
2. Geological Background: Sitapahar structure It lies east of the Patiya and the west of the Gilasari and the Belasari structures. On the north of the Sitapahar anticline, Changotaung anticline is situated while bandarban anticline is located on the south. The Sitapahar anticline is a N20°W-S20°E trending structure plunging 6° in S18°E. The structure is about 40 km in length. Its steeper western flank is overturned in some places.The Karnafuli river is the main channel of the drainage system in the area. The courses of most of the important tributaries are parallel to the main range trending NNW-SSE and appear to be controlled by structural trend of the area. One of the most significant geomorphological features of the area is the course of SILCHHARI stream along the anticlinal axis. The stream is following the anticlinal valley and this type of valley is developed if comparatively weaker rocks are exposed along the axis. [Sifatul Quader Chowdhury]. A considerable thickness of clastic sediments of Miocene age is exposed on the western flank of Sitapahar Hill Range at Kaptai under the district of Rangamati in Bangladesh. So Kaptai is one of the most important places from the geological point of view. A comprehensive study was undertaken in that area in multidiscipline of geology within a short span of time. Hence, this article includes the gist of the overall geology of Kaptai region; particularly of Sitapahar anticline, where multidisciplinary approaches like geomorphology, stratigraphy, structural geology, and to some extent tectonic behavior of that area are incorporated. The tectonic evolution of this region ranges from Cretaceous through Tertiary to Quaternary. The study area comprises a continuous succession of sandstone, silt stone, and shale. The rock sections are divided into three lithostratigraphic units, mainly on the basis of gross lithology. These units are equivalent to upper Bhuban, Bokabil, and Alluvium Formations. Due to the absence of paleontological records in the area, actual age determination of the rocks was not possible. However, from correlation, it is found that the rocks are of Miocene age. Sandstone, silt stone, and shale of this area are being used for different purposes, which have got economic importance to some extent. The region is supposed to contain oil and gas as some of their traces were found. Hence detail exploration should be accomplished immediately.
3. Population: The total population is 5,08,182 according to 2005 census of which tribal 52% and non-tribal 48%. The number of males is 2,87,060 and the females are 2,38,043 (Census 2001). The density of population is 83 per square kilometer (Census 2001). The number of household is 1,03,974 having the household size 4.8 (Census 2001). The total population is divided into Bangalees and eleven tribes (ethnic minorities):Chakma, Marma, Tanchangya, Tripura, Pankua, Lushai, Khiang, Murang, Rakhain, Chak, Bowm,Khumi. Tribal population : (as per census of 2005 ): Chakma-1,86,395, Marma-44,727, Tanchanga- 18,607, Tripura-6,697, Pankho- 2,118, Bowm-1,053, khyang- 791, Lusai- 217, Chak- 177, Rakhain-70, Khumi- 50, Gurkha-03, Etc.-174. As per 1991 census, the religious breakup of the population of the district were: Buddhist 53.83%,Muslim 39.28%, Hindu 5.62% and Christian 1.12%. Religious institutions Pagoda 1230, Mosque 1059, Temple 65, Church 16. Genderwise, male constituted 53.59% and female constituted 46.41% of the population.
4. Geography: Rangamati is located in the Chittagong Division. It is bordered by the Tripura state of India to the north, Bandarban District to the south,Mizoram State of India and Chin State of Myanmar to the east, and Khagrachari and Chittagong Districts to the west. The area of the district is 6116 km2 of which 1292 km2 is riverine and 4825 km2 is under forest vegetation. Climate: It is highly difficult, if not impossible, to forecast what the weather will be like at a certain time in a very precise place. And yet, all travellers would like to know in advance the climate conditions in order to organize their future trip. Average temperatures or rainfall can help you to get a good idea of the issue. The temperatures mentioned hereafter are expressed in degrees Celsius and represent the monthly averages observed over a great number of years.
5. Drainage and Streams The Karnafuli The principal river of the region. It originates in the Lushai Hills of Mizoram (India), flows through Rangamati and the port city of Chittagong and discharges into the Bay of Bengal near Patenga. A number of STREAMS flow upstream of Rangamati. The streams are: one originating near Thekamukh in Mizoram-Bangladesh border flowing through Harina, BARKAL and Sublong; one originating at Marishwa through Myanmukh and Langadu till reaching Subhalong; one flowing through Dangumura to Myanmukh; and one flowing through Mahalchhari to Rangamati. The streams meet near Rangamati and their combined flow is known as Karnafuli. The river is flashy and its length is about 131 km. Rainkhiang, Sublong, Thega, Kasalong, Ichamati and Halda are its main tributaries. Its major distributaries are Saylok' and Boalkhali. The only hydropower station of the country was built by constructing a DAM on this river at KAPTAI. The Karnafuli is navigable at Barkal and Kaptai but above Barkal it is shallow. With the construction of the Kaptai dam, this river has been blocked, and a large artificial lake has been created, and the bed of the river has also been much widened. This man-made lake provides a network of all-weather navigable routes in the area. Downstream of the dam the Karnafuli receives very little water in the dry season. The opening of the sluice gates of the dam creates water movement from the lake downstream. The river finally discharges into the Bay of Bengal. The port city of Chittagong is situated at the mouth of the river. BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) collects water level data through its 3 hydrometric stations located at Kodala, Chittagong and Patenga.
6. Culture: The area is sparsely populated and presents and interesting disparity with thegeneral demographic picture in Rangamati. The people live on the top of the hillsand also on foot of the hills. The life is very hard in the investigated area as themajor part of the population of the area live mostly along the foot hills and most ofthe tribal people live on the hilly region.Total population of the Rangamati district is about 400000. Population density isabout 6000 per sq. km. Most of the people are poor and maintain their lives byhandicrafts and also cutting woods. Vegetation The investigated area is covered by forest with evergreen vegetation, which is dueto the good and suitable climatic condition of this region. Throughout the field area bushes are abundant with some fruit trees like mango, jackfruit, guava are alsonumerous. Besides these tall trees like Garjan, Jarul, Shal, Shegun etc are notuncommon. The major agricultural activity of this area is shifting cultivation, theyalso grow pineapple, ginger, turmeric etc. It is preferred in high steep hill ranges where pineapples, ginger, turmeric etc. in lowhill ranges. Both Sedentary and Jhuming cultivations are practiced here.
7. Tectonics The Sitapahar anticline is the most prominent structure of the investigated area which axis is trending NNW-SSE direction along the main structure of the Chittagong – Tripura Folded Belt (CTFB). This doubly plunging anticlinal structure is about 400km long and 12-15 km wide and major part of the western flank is steeper than the eastern flank. The western flank dips in an angle ranging from 400 to 850and the eastern flank shows dip ranging from 4-85◦ which indicate that the anticline is an asymmetric anticline. From the attitude of the beds the anticline is suspected as a plunging anticline. A regional fault is believed to run along the axis of the structure which trend is North direction. The eastern side of the fault is acted as foot wall and the western part acts as a hanging wall which indicate the presence of reserve fault at ManikChari (Ferdouse 1999) which is at a few kilometer east of Ghagra. A normal faultis found at Sundari Chara.
8. Stratigraphy: The exposed Neogene succession represents an overall basinward progradationfrom deep marine through shallow marine to continental fluvialenvironments.Based on regionally correlatable erosion surfaces the entire succession (3000+ mthick) has been grouped into three composite sequences C, B and A, from oldest toyoungest. (1) Unit C (lower unit, 71 m thick) is characterized by several thin packets of turbidites and slumped beds contained within a muddy sequence. Theunit is thought to have been deposited in a setting not far basinward from the base-of-slope. (2) Unit B (middle unit, 291 m thick) is a monotonous muddy slopedeposit that contains some localized zones of very thin-bedded turbidites. (3) UnitA (upper unit, 208 m thick) represents the progradation of the first shoreface sand body on a 176-m-thick shelfal mud. Detailed bed by bed measurements have beencarried out in all these units. A general litho-stratigraphic column of the lower partof the Surma Group exposed in the Sitapahar anticline have been given in Fig 8.On the basis of the overall regional tectonic setting discussed in Section 2, it isassumed that the trend of paleo-coastline in the CTFB was oriented north – south. Alam (1995) documented a similar paleo-coastline trend from paleocurrent analysisof the Surma Group in the Sitapahar Anticline. The measured current directionsrepresent landward (eastward) and basinward (westward) directions
9. Course of Karnaphuli River: It has possibly maintained its older course keeping pace with the uplift of the hill ranges and can be classified as an antecedent river. The Karnafuli is narrow and straight from Prankiang towaggachhari along Kaptai-Chandraghona road. The straightness of the river is probably due to a fault, which controlled the channel from Prankiang to Wagga. The main tributaries of the Karnafuli are the kasalong, Chengi, halda and Dhurung on the right and the Subalong, Kaptai, Rinkeong and Thega on the left.Flowing to the west through rangunia upazila and then keepingraozan upazila on the north and boalkhali upazila on the south, it receives the waters of the Halda river at Kalurghat just above the railway bridge. There is a legend about the naming of the Karnafuli river. It says an Arakanese princess who fell in love with a tribal prince of Chittagong was once enjoying a moonlit boatride on the river with the prince. While admiring the reflection of the moon dancing on the rippled water surface, the princess inclined slightly and a flower tucked in the hair over her ear by the prince suddenly fell into the river. The princess was grief-stricken at losing the flower, which she held very dear as a present from her charming prince. She immediately jumped into the river to retrieve the flower but could not. Instead she was carried away by the fast-flowing current and vanished in the river. The prince dived into the river to rescue the princess but in vain. Out of sorrow he drowned himself in the river to unite with the princess after death. This tragedy gave the river its name Karnafuli from the word 'karnaful' meaning 'flower adorning the ear'. The river is known to the Marma tribe as the Kynsa Khyong. Water Chemistry: The river Karnafully is one of the Himalayan River originating from the Lushai Hills in India. The catchments of the Karnafully and its allied streams cover 5,500 (14,000 sq km) square miles. Water samples were collected from Karnafully River along different points and analyzed for various physiochemical parameters during winter. Effects of industrial wastes, municipality sewage and agricultural runoff on the river water were investigated. The study was conducted between the Kaloorghat Bridge and Patenga estuary including Chittagong port. This is the most polluted area due to the presence of many chemical fertilizers, iron, leather and pharmaceutical industries. All these industries discharge their untreated toxic waste water directly into the river Karnafully. The study involved determination of physical and chemical parameters of surface water at different points. The mean values of water temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, electric conductivity and total alkalinity were 23°C, 365.87 mg/L, 8018.8, 8518.33 mg/L, 31.54 FTU, 1.55 mg/L, 6.65 mg/L, 13961 μs/cm, 247.47 mg/L, 560.27 mg/L and 4.8 mg/L respectively.
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https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/123562
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Habitat loss leads to rising cases of elephant attacks in Bangladesh
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The country director of International Union of Conservation of Nature said there's been more attacks as forest area reduced & elephants lost access to food.
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chinadailyhk
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https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/123562#Habitat-loss-leads-to-rising-cases-of-elephant-attacks-in-Bangladesh-2020-03-06
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A sign that reads "Warning - Route for Wild Elephants" is pictured near Bangladesh's Balukhali camp for Rohingya refugees on Oct 14, 2017. ( INDRANIL MUKHERJEE / AFP)
DHAKA - Parveen Akther, a 45-year-old resident of Joistopura village under Boalkhali upazila in Chattogram, used to hardly experience elephant attacks. The fear of elephant attack has never been a part of daily life for her. But in the last five or six years, a herd of elephants have regularly scoured their village in search of food, in the process attacking people and damaging crops.
Now the constant fear of elephant attacks have gripped not only her but the whole village.
On Nov 24 last year, at least three people died in an elephant attack at Kodurkhil, a neighboring village. Another person died in December in a similar kind of attack in Joistapura.
Parveen told The Daily Star that they never saw such frequent attacks before. They are afraid of stepping out in the evenings, as darkness makes it tough to locate a charging elephant's position.
Elephants need large habitats. As connectivity between habitats are shrinking due to various development work, they have few spaces left to roam, forcing them to swoop in on localities.
Md Raquibul Amin, Country director, International Union of Conservation of Nature
Thousands of people are spending sleepless nights in various parts of six upazilas in Chattogram due to a sharp increase in elephant attacks. At least 10 people died in multiple attacks in the last four months at Rangunia, Boalkhali, Anwara, Bashkhali, Lohagora and Satkania upazilas.
ALSO READ: On the trail of elephants
According to the forest department, at least 88 elephants have died from 2001 to 2019 in Cox's Bazar, Chattogram and three districts of the Hill Tracts combined. From 2010 to 2019, around 50 people have died in elephant attacks.
Md Kamal Uddin, a 40-year-old resident of Sharaf Bhata union under Rangunia upazila, told The Daily Star that he did not see such frequent attacks even five years back.
"Every now and then, elephants attack our village and damage crops and claim people's lives," he said. An elderly person died in his village in January in such attack.
Abu Naser Md Yeasin Neyaz, divisional forest officer (nature conservation and wildlife) of Chattogram, said they formed nine elephant response teams comprising of 10 members each in the wake of repeated attacks.
The committee is actively working now at Anwara, Bashkhali and parts of Chakaria upazilas, he said, adding that they will form at least 30 such committees to reduce human-elephant conflict.
"Elephant response teams firstly try to understand the behaviour of elephants and then try to move them back to the forest, depending on their behavioral trend. The second task is to keep curious people outside of the range of elephants, so that no fatalities take place," he said.
Md Raquibul Amin, country director of International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN), told The Daily Star the extent of attacks have seen a sharp rise in recent years as forest area reduced and the elephants lost access to food.
Elephants hardly marauded across Rangunia and Anwara upazilas before, but in recent days elephant attacks in those areas became a common phenomenon, he said. It was necessary to look for the reason seriously, the IUCN country director added.
"Elephants need large habitats. As connectivity between habitats are shrinking due to various development work, they have few spaces left to roam, forcing them to swoop in on localities. Our development work must be elephant and wildlife friendly," he said.
IUCN classified the Asian elephant as an endangered species, with a population of 268 at present in Bangladesh.
READ MORE: India to install bee sound devices to protect elephants
Asked, elephant expert AHM Raihan Sarker, associate professor of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science at Chittagong University, said the habitats of elephants are getting destroyed in the name of development. Authorities often spurn the opinions of relevant experts in development planning, in the process costing forest areas and wildlife.
The correct methods of protecting forests are not followed properly, and results in people encroaching on forest land and shrinking the habitats of herbivores like elephants. Forest land is being leased out to many influential people in the locality, thus constricting the roaming space for elephants, he further added.
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https://latitude.to/map/bd/bangladesh/cities/chittagong/articles/page/2
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Map of Chittagong, Bangladesh showing latitude and longitude of items of interest. Page 2 of 2
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SS Clan Alpine (1942)
Clan Alpine was a 7,168 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1942 for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) as Empire Barrie. She was sold to Clan Line Steamers Ltd in 1947 and served with them until 1957 when she was sold to Bullard, King & Co Ltd and …
Chandanpura Masjid
The Chandanpura Masjid is a mosque situated in the old part (north) of Chittagong on the Nabab Siraj ud-Daulah road in Bangladesh. It is one of the famous landmarks in Chittagong and a popular tourist attraction for its impressive architecture consi…
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http://bbs.boalkhali.chittagong.gov.bd/en
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1814
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1
| 16
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https://boalkhaliup.khagrachhari.gov.bd/en
|
en
|
Boalkhali Union
|
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2
| 14
|
https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/4928894/411-dpz-11-boalkhali-patiya-chittagong-development-authority
|
en
|
4.11 dpz-11: boalkhali- patiya - Chittagong Development Authority
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4.11 dpz-11: boalkhali- patiya - Chittagong Development Authority
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en
|
yumpu.com
|
https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/4928894/411-dpz-11-boalkhali-patiya-chittagong-development-authority
|
Attention! Your ePaper is waiting for publication!
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This will ensure high visibility and many readers!
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|||||
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3
| 58
|
https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/accident/b4bce6l1um
|
en
|
Five killed in road crash in Chattogram
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Road crash",
"Chattogram",
"Road Safety",
"Death",
"Killed"
] | null |
[
"Staff Correspondent"
] |
2023-04-13T13:49:24+06:00
|
Five people were killed and one person was injured after a bus and a CNG-run auto-rickshaw collided in Chattogram's Boalkhali upazila on Thursday. The accident occurred at around 8:30 am at Boalkhali’s Raykhalipul area
|
en
|
/en-favicons/favicon-16x16.png
|
Prothomalo
|
https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/accident/b4bce6l1um
|
Five people were killed and one person was injured after a bus and a CNG-run auto-rickshaw collided in Chattogram's Boalkhali upazila on Thursday. The accident occurred at around 8:30 am at Boalkhali’s Raykhalipul area, police said.
So far, Police have confirmed the identities of three of the deceased. They are - Md. Selim, 45, of Boalkhali’s Mirpara, Anjana Akter, 35, of Mirsarai’s Jorarganj, and Babul Dey, 60, of Patiya’s Baidyabari.
Abdur Razzak, officer-in-charge (OC) of Boalkhali police station confirmed the accident saying that the identity of other two deceased could not be confirmed immediately.
Locals and witnesses said a Patiya-bound speeding bus collided head on with an auto-rickshaw from the opposite direction on the Arakan road at around 8.30 am in the morning, leaving four of six passengers of the auto-rickshaw dead on the spot.
Locals rescued the two other passengers, who sustained injuries in the accident, and took them to the Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH), where the physician on duty declared one dead, said Alauddin Talukder, sub-inspector (SI) of CMCH police outpost.
The other injured, identified as Md. Jalil, 24, of Patiya’s Monsa Badamtoli area, is undergoing treatment at the CMCH.
OC Razzak said, “The driver of the bus has been arrested and both vehicles involved in the accident have been seized from the spot.”
The passengers of the bus went to a Mazar in Boalkhali. They were returning from the Mazar on the bus Thursday morning when the accident occurred, the OC added.
|
||||
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| 41
|
http://www.citypopulation.de/en/bangladesh/admin/
|
en
|
Bangladesh: Administrative Division (Districts and Subdistricts)
|
[
"http://www.citypopulation.de/images/icons/de.svg",
"http://www.citypopulation.de/images/smaps/bangladesh-cities.png",
"http://www.citypopulation.de/images/icons/separate_wb.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Bangladesh: Administrative Division (Districts and Subdistricts) with population statistics, charts and maps.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
Contents: Districts and Subdistricts
The population of the districts (zilas), subdistricts (upazilas) and city districts (thanas) of Bangladesh by census years.
The icon links to further information about a selected division including its population structure (gender).
|
|||||
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|
https://www.trip.com/travel-guide/destination/boalkhali-upazila-1706510/
|
en
|
Things to Do in Boalkhali Upazila in 2024 - Top Attractions, Local Food, Hotels & Travel Tips
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Boalkhali Upazila",
"Boalkhali Upazila travel",
"Chittagong travel guides",
"Boalkhali Upazila",
"Chittagong",
"Boalkhali Upazila top attractions",
"experience Boalkhali Upazila"
] | null |
[] | null |
Looking for things to do in Boalkhali Upazila? Our 2024 travel guide unveils hidden gems, must-see landmarks, delicious local eats, and handpicked hotels for every budget. Uncover the best of Boalkhali Upazila with Trip.com!
|
en
|
/trip.ico
|
TRIP.COM
|
https://www.trip.com/travel-guide/destination/boalkhali-upazila-1706510/
|
Copyright © 2024 Trip.com Travel Singapore Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved
Site Operator: Trip.com Travel Singapore Pte. Ltd.
|
||||
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|
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9926700/
|
en
|
Comparison of simplicity, convenience, safety, and cost-effectiveness between use of insulin pen devices and disposable plastic syringes by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional st
|
[
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"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg",
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Mohammad Abdul Hannan",
"Muhammad Shah Alam",
"Mohammad Motiur Rahman",
"Md. Asaduzzaman",
"Marufa Mustari",
"Ajit Kumar Paul",
"Md. Lutful Kabir",
"Sumon Rahman Chowdhury",
"Samir Kumar Talukder",
"Sourav Sarkar"
] |
2023-08-27T00:00:00
|
Insulin pen devices and disposable plastic insulin syringes are two common tools for insulin administration. This study aims to compare the simplicity, convenience, safety, and cost-effectiveness of insulin pens versus syringe devices in patients with ...
|
en
|
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico
|
PubMed Central (PMC)
|
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9926700/
|
Discussion
In this cross-sectional study, including 737 subjects (406 pen users, 331 syringe-vial users) with T2DM injecting insulin at least once a day for at least one year, insulin pens were simpler and more convenient to use and safe but expensive than vial syringes. Glycemic control was comparable between the two groups.
Most people with diabetes inject insulin with a syringe or pen as the insulin delivery method; other methods of insulin delivery, including insulin inhalers, insulin pumps, or automated insulin delivery devices, are seldom used. Delivering insulin through either insulin pens or syringes can safely and effectively lower blood glucose. The factors influencing the decision to choose among delivery systems include patient preferences, cost, insulin type, dosing regimen, and self-management capabilities [19]. In a meta-analysis mainly comprising the adults with T2DM, the pen devices were superior to syringe vials in terms of mean HbA1c change, hypoglycemic episodes, adherence, and persistence to insulin, although no difference was observed in the number of patients achieving glycemic target (HbA1c < 7%). There was a tendency to favor pen devices, and using pens improved the quality of life [20].
In this study, we observed that patients using the insulin pen device had fewer missed doses and found it easier to calibrate the dose, inject insulin, and store their pen device than syringe users, making pen devices simpler to use. Singh et al. had a similar observation in Indian subjects with T2DM treated with insulin injections [11]. A higher percentage of Lebanese insulin pen users (95.2%) found the method easy to use compared to insulin syringe users (46.7%) [12]. Compared with vials and syringes, pens were easier to use and operate and demonstrated superior dose accuracy in a study by Ignaut et al. [13]. Korytkowski et al. also observed that it is easier to use overall and found the insulin dose scale on the pen easier to read than the vial/syringe [14]. Insulin pens may allow people with vision impairment or dexterity issues to dose insulin accurately [21].
Pen devices were also found more convenient to carry and use outside the home, with less time and fewer steps involved in the injection process than syringes in this study; the findings are similar to Singh et al. [11]. Compared to syringes, patients found it more discreet to use pen devices in public places, and consequently, they felt greater lifestyle flexibility with pens [14, 21]. In a study, 85.7% of pen users found it more convenient to shift to pens, and 86.7% of syringe users would want to change the pen if it had the exact cost [12].
Although the number of episodes of hypoglycemia was comparable between pen and syringe-vial groups, insulin pen users reported less pain during injection, fewer incidents of bruising at injection sites, fewer hypoglycemic episodes, and fewer occasions of accidental breaking of insulin devices, making the pen safer to use. These results concord with the findings of Singh et al. [11]. The pain involved in the self-injection of insulin is partially related to the characteristics of the needle, particularly its diameter. Pen needles may be sharper and thinner than syringe needles because they do not have to penetrate the insulin vial stopper before injection [21]. Patients in several studies reported less injection pain associated with insulin pen devices than with vial syringes [12, 21]. Like us, Ahmann et al. found comparable incidences of hypoglycemia in the two groups [15]. Contrary to us, most studies reported a statistically significant difference in hypoglycemic incidences favoring pen devices [20, 22]. Not all studies reported superior safety profiles for insulin pens over syringes; similar safety profiles in the two groups are reported by Korytkowski et al. during treatment periods with basal insulin glargine [14].
Overall, glycemic control was unsatisfactory in this study; the median HbA1c was 8.8%, and only 6.6% achieved the target HbA1c of < 7%. Insulin pen and syringe users had similar HbA1c levels and proportions to subjects at different stages of glycemic control. Insulin pens generally show equivalence or minor improvements in glycemic outcomes compared to using vial syringes. Lower HbA1c levels among pen users than syringe users have been reported in some studies [11, 14, 22]. The pen group also showed a more significant reduction in HbA1c in 24 weeks of follow-up in a study by Machry et al. [16]. Ahmann et al. reported no difference between the two groups in the percentage of patients that achieved HbA1c < 7% (37.7% vs. 37%; p = 0.89) after a 40-week follow-up [15]. A meta-analysis showed a non-statistically significant trend toward pen devices in the percentage of patients who reached HbA1c < 7% [20]. So, it is tough to comment whether pen devices offer better glycemic control than syringe use. In addition to the use of specific insulin devices, many factors affect glycemic control, which may explain such heterogenicity of the study results.
Using pen devices for insulin administration is more expensive than disposable syringe devices in terms of average medical expense per month, the total cost of insulin therapy per month, and the cost per unit of insulin used, according to the current study. Vials are cheaper than pen cartridges. Though many insulin types are available for purchase as pens or vials, others may only be available in one form or another, and there may be cost differences between them [19, 23]. Analog insulins are costlier than human insulins and more frequently injected with pen devices which may be associated with the higher cost of pen use [24]. Prescription costs of syringes were lower, and expenses for pens were higher in patients who were switched from the syringe to pen versus those who remained on syringe therapy [25]. Other studies also identified that treatment using pen devices was costlier when compared to using syringes [11, 22]. Despite the higher prescription costs of insulin pens than vial syringes, previous studies reported similar or even lower all-cause and diabetes-related total annualized healthcare costs [17, 22, 25]. Studies indicated that insulin pen devices are associated with improved adherence and persistence with therapy instead of vial syringes. The healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with them decreased with the use of pen devices compared to vial syringes [17, 18, 21, 26]. These are behind the users’ higher preference for pens over vial syringes and more robust recommendations for pens over vial syringes by healthcare professionals [13–15, 21]. This higher preference for pens is associated with an increasing use trend, while insulin vial syringes declined in parallel [23].
The major limitation of this study is that we used a non-validated questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered by multiple investigators, which could allow for bias in the scoring. Moreover, the observed difference in the scores between the two groups still waits to be clinically translated. We analyzed the short-term (one month) cost for insulin and total treatment cost, restraining us from comparing the long-term cost-effectiveness of pens and vials-syringes. Furthermore, we did not consider the type of insulins used (i.e., human or analog, originator or biosimilar or non-comparable biologics, the manufacturer of the insulin), which may influence the insulin-related and total treatment cost. We also did not investigate the preference for and persistence of either modality of injecting insulin.
|
||||
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dbpedia
|
3
| 1
|
https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/242047/Boalkhali
|
en
|
Boalkhali
|
[
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"https://www.daily-sun.com/_next/static/media/ds-logo.b8c41c85.svg",
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Boalkhali"
] | null |
[
"Daily Sun"
] |
2017-07-13T18:00:00
|
Boalkhali
|
en
|
/favicon/favicon.ico
|
daily-sun
|
https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/242047
| |||||
1814
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 82
|
https://inaturalist.ca/places/wikipedia/Barisal
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en
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[
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City in Barisal Division, Bangladesh
This article is about the city. For the upazila, see Barisal Sadar Upazila. For the district, see Barisal District. For the division, see Barisal Division.
Metropolis in Barisal Division, Bangladesh
Barisal ( or ; Bengali: বরিশাল, pronounced [boɾiʃal]),[a] officially known as Barishal,[4] is a major city that lies on the banks of the Kirtankhola river in south-central Bangladesh. It is the largest city and the administrative headquarter of both Barisal District[b] and Barisal Division. It is one of the oldest municipalities and river ports of the country. The city was once called the Venice of the East or the Venice of Bengal.[6]
Barisal municipality was established in 1876 during the British rule in India and upgraded to City Corporation on 25 July 2002.[7] Barisal is Bangladesh's third largest financial hub after Dhaka and Chittagong.[8][9] The city consists of 30 wards and 50 mahallas with a population of 533,000, according to the 2023 national census and with the voter of about 250,000 according to the 2018 voter list of city election.[10] The area of the city is 58 km2.[11]
History
[edit]
Barisal was part of the ancient kingdoms of Vanga, Gangaridai and Samatata. The region was ruled by Khadga, Pala, Chandra, Sena and Deva dynasty in the mediaeval period. It was conquered by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji and was later a significant territory of the Delhi Sultanate and Bengal Sultanate. After the decline of the Suri Empire, the territory became a semi-independent area in the Mughal period because of heavy fighting between the Muslims and Hindu chiefs, although most parts of the city were totally under the control of the governors of the proto-industrialised Bengal Subah. In course of time, it fell under the Bengal Nawabs. Raja Ramranjan Chakravarty was put as a de jure king during the Bengal Presidency of the British, later passed to East Pakistan at independence and finally Bangladesh.[12]
In ancient times, it was called Chandradwip (চন্দ্রদ্বীপ), while during the Medieval Islamic times it was also known as Ismailpur & Bacola (বাকলা) in Europe. Ralph Fitch, the first ever Englishman, a leather merchant, known to have visited Bengal in the mid-1580s, described Barisal in his journal as, "From Chatigan in Bengal, I came to Bacola; the king whereof is a Gentile, a man very well disposed and delighted much to shoot in a gun. His country is very great and fruitful, and hath store of rice, much cotton cloth, and cloth of silk. The houses are very fair and high built, the streets large, and people naked, except a little cloth about their waist. The women wear a great store of silver hoops about their necks and arms, and their legs are ringed with silver and copper, and rings made from elephants' teeth."[13]
The central city of this region is the city of Barisal. It is one of the biggest river ports in Bangladesh. It is a city with nearly 0.38 million people and a divisional headquarters, medical college, cadet college, some pharmaceutical industries, textile industries and the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority's head office. Barisal is fast growing city of the country stands on the Kirtankhola River. the country's first short landing and take off airport has been completed in Barisal and a private Airlines named Air Bengal has begun its regular air flight between Dhaka's Hazrat Shahjalal Airport and Barisal.[citation needed]
"Barisal guns" is a natural phenomenon named after Barisal; it is kind of a booming sound heard near lakes and rivers which is due to seismic activity under water, first heard in this region by the British in the 19th century.[citation needed]
Population
[edit]
Demographics
[edit]
According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, the population of Barisal (areas under the jurisdiction of the Barisal city corporation) stands at 328,278.[3] By gender, the population was 51.63% male and 48.37% female.[11]
The literacy rate among the urban people of Barisal is 75.3%,[14] which is significantly higher than the national average of 56.5%.[citation needed]
Most people in Barisal are Bengalis. The long-standing inhabitants of the city are known as Barisaliya and the most spoken Bengali dialect of this region is known as Eastern Bengali. Apart from them, the city population is composed of people from neighboring upazilas and districts (Patuakhali, Bhola, Pirojpur, Jhalakati, Barguna).[citation needed]
Religion
[edit]
The majority of Barisal's people are Muslims (89.30%), mainly Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school. Other religious groups include Hindus (9.7%), and very few numbers of other religions, mainly Christians (0.98%) and Buddhists (0.01%).[15]
Since 2015, the Catholic minority has its own Roman Catholic Diocese of Barisal.
Geography
[edit]
Barisal city occupies an area of 58 km2.
Barisal District, with an area of 2790.51 km2, is bounded by Madaripur, Shariatpur, Chandpur and Lakshmipur districts on the north, Patuakhali, Barguna and Jhalokati District on the south, Bhola and Lakshmipur districts on the east, Jhalokati, Pirojpur and Gopalganj districts on the west. Several rivers flow across Barisal including the Kirtankhola, Arial Khan, Khoyrabad, Kalijira and Sandha.
Climate
[edit]
Barisal has a climate on the border between a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and a tropical savanna climate (Aw).
Points of interest
[edit]
Durga Sagar in Madhabpasha
Shohel Chattar, Bibir Pukur Par
Padma Pukur, Barisal
Bell's Park aka Bangabandhu Udyan
30 Godown Freedom Fighters Monument
Barisal collectorete building
Barisal city at night
Collectorate pond
Durga Sagar: with an area of about 2,500 hectare, is the largest pond or dighi of southern Bangladesh. It is located at Madhabpasa village of babuganj upazila, about 11 km away from Barisal town. Locally it is known as Madhabpasha Dighi. According to a desire of Rani Durgavati, mother of Raja Joynarayan, the dighi was dug in 1780 (1187 BS). There are coconut trees around the dighi which together with the dighi are bounded by brick-walls. In the middle of the dighi, there is an island with bushes. Migratory birds usually come here during winter. The surrounding areas of the dighi has now been turned into a picnic spot. Madhabpasha was a capital of the kingdom of Chandradvipa.[citation needed]
Lakhutia: located approximately 8 km from Barisal's central business district, the Roy family estate is known as 'Lakhutia' (note: there are several variations of the spelling of this word, including 'Lakutia' and 'Lakhotia'). The Lakhutia zamindar estate was founded by Roop Chandra Roy in the late 17th century. Apart from the main mansion itself, the estate has several Shiva temples and large ponds on the vast property. The Lakhutia mansion – including the Roy family's personal property, was effectively destroyed during the extraordinary violence of the 1950 East Pakistan Riots, and then again later during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. While most of Lakhutia was destroyed during the 1950 and 1971 riots and genocide, the historical site and sparse remains of the mansion remain one of Barisal's main tourist attractions.
Architecture
[edit]
Barisal's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, and have been built over a long period of time.
Some well known heritage buildings are:
Sports
[edit]
Cricket and football are the two most popular sports in Barisal while tennis and kabaddi are also popular. There is a national stadium in the city known as Barisal Divisional Stadium (also known as Abdur Rab Serniabad Stadium). It is a multi-purpose stadium and has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. It is currently used mostly for cricket matches. It is also used for football and other sports. Besides, different organization share to stage a show there occasionally. Notable players from Barisal who have played for the national team include Shahriar Nafees, Sohag Gazi, Kamrul Islam Rabbi and Fazle Mahmud.[citation needed]
There is a regional sports training centre under Bangladesh Krira Shiksha Pratisthan (BKSP) situated at Rahamatpur in Barisal[20] Barisal is also home to the Bangladesh Premier League franchise Fortune Barishal.
Transport
[edit]
Air
[edit]
Barisal Airport is a domestic airport. Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Novoair and US-Bangla Airlines use this port. Active air-route is Barisal-Dhaka-Barisal.
River port
[edit]
Barisal River Port is the second largest river port of Bangladesh. It is the most popular way of communication for the people of Barisal to Dhaka, the capital city. It is also a popular transport system with other districts like Bhola, Barguna, Lakshmipur.
Road
[edit]
Barisal is connected to most other regions of the country via the N8 national highway. There are two bus terminals in Barisal, Nathullabad Central Bus terminal and Rupatali Bus Terminal, which connect Barisal to other districts.
Education
[edit]
Barisal is home to many educational institutions. Govt. Brojomohan College is the oldest institution of higher education in the city, founded in 1889. There is a public university University of Barisal and two private universities, a government medical college Sher-e-Bangla Medical College (SBMC), a textile engineering college Shaheed Abdur Rab Serniabat Textile Engineering College and an engineering college Barisal Engineering College. There are also educational institutions like Barisal Zilla School, Barisal Cadet College, Govt. Syed Hatem Ali College, Government Women's College, Govt. Barisal College, Amrita Lal Dey College, Barisal Govt. Girls High School, Barisal Model School and College and Barisal Asmat Ali Khan Institution (A.K. School). Besides these there are three teacher training colleges, a Government Polytechnic institute, two technical institutes, a homeopathic college and a social welfare training centre.[citation needed]
Major institutions include:
Amrita Lal Dey College
Barishal Cadet College
Barishal Engineering College
Barisal Government Women's College
Barisal Govt. Polytechnic Institute
Barishal Zilla School
Brojomohun College
Government Syed Hatem Ali College
Shahid Abdur Rab Serniabat Textile Engineering College
Sher-e-Bangla Medical College
University of Barishal
Oxford Mission High School
Baptist Mission High School
Media
[edit]
Barisal is a center for the newspaper, periodical and book publishers. Some locally published newspapers and periodicals are:
Newspapers
[edit]
Daily Ajker Barisal
Daily Ajker Barta
Daily Ajker Poribartan
Daily Banglar Bone
Daily Barisal Barta
Daily Barisal Bhorer Alo
Daily Barisal Pratidin
Daily Bhorer Angikar
Daily Biplobi Bangladesh
Daily Dakkhinanchal
Daily Motobad
Daily Satya Songbad
Daily Shahnama
Source:[21]
Periodicals
[edit]
Bakerganj Parikrama
Chirantan Bangla
Upakul
Gournadi Parikrama
Khadem
Jago Nare
Notable people
[edit]
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
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https://www.altnews.in/fact-check-were-grocery-shops-owned-by-hindus-set-on-fire-in-bangladesh/
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Fact Check: Were grocery shops owned by Hindus set on fire in Bangladesh?
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[
"Shinjinee Majumder",
"Alt News"
] |
2022-08-10T12:47:53+00:00
|
Several images that portray the aftermath of a fire accident have gone viral on social media with the claim that six grocery shops owned by Hindus were set on fire...
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https://www.altnews.in/wp-content/themes/newsbeat/images/favicon.ico
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Alt News
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https://www.altnews.in/fact-check-were-grocery-shops-owned-by-hindus-set-on-fire-in-bangladesh/
|
Several images that portray the aftermath of a fire accident have gone viral on social media with the claim that six grocery shops owned by Hindus were set on fire in Kadhurkhil village of Boalkhali Upazila of Chittagong in Bangladesh.
Twitter account Voice Of Bangladesh posted these images with the same claim. The tweet was later deleted. (Archived link)
Epaper Sanatan Prabhat also reported this story. The report cited the tweet by Voice of Bangladesh as a source.
Facebook page সনাতন একতা মঞ্চ (Sanatan Ekta Manch) posted these images with hashtags #SaveBangladeshiHindhu and #savebangladeshihindustemple. The post has also named three Hindu people- Rony De, Dolon, and Parimal Debnath as the owners of the shops that burned down.
Fact-Check
Through a keyword search of the place mentioned in the viral claims on Google, Alt News found that several Bangladeshi media outlets have reported on this incident.
According to Jago News’ report, on August 2 at around 4 a.m., a massive fire took place near Kadhurkhali Government High School in which five shops and three goats were burnt to ashes. A grocery shop, a salon, two vegetable shops, and a cooling corner were burnt down. Furthermore, several media outlets including Dainik Azadi, Chattogram News, Chattogram Khobor, and Jago News named two of the shop-owners as Md. Muharram and Md. Karim who are Muslims.
We found a video of the incident on Facebook uploaded by a Boalkhali local named S M Arif. The video was uploaded at 8:49 a.m. i.e., four hours after the incident occurred. The video is captioned “আজ ভোরের দিকে কধুরখীল স্কুলের পশ্চিম দিকে থাকা সব দোকান আগুনে পুড়ে গেছে।” (Translation: All the shops on the western side of Kadhurkhil School were burnt down early in the morning today.) Many people inquired the reason behind the fire, to which the user replied that the fire was possibly from an electrical short-circuit.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Boalkhali Fire Service Leader Haider Hossain said in a statement to Jago News, “We’re speculating an electrical short-circuit as the cause of the fire. Boalkhali fire service personnel came and brought the fire under control after the locals reported the fire.” Roni Roy, whose grocery shop burnt down in the fire, also spoke to Jago News. He said, “I lost three goats, a motorcycle, and all the goods in the shop. I had taken a loan to buy these items. This fire has forced me to beg on the streets now.”
Alt News spoke to an officer of the Boalkhali Fire Service Station who confirmed that shops owned by Muslims and Hindus were burnt in the fire. When asked about the cause of the fire, they said that it is still an ongoing investigation but in all likelihood, it was an electrical fire.
Thus, images from the aftermath fire accident at Boalkhali Upazila of Chittagong, Bangladesh were circulated on social media with the claim that six grocery shops owned by Hindus were deliberately set on fire. In reality, shops of both Muslims and Hindus got burnt in the fire. Preliminary investigation suggests that it was due to an electrical short circuit.
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https://www.daily-sun.com/post/704889/Three-lakh-people-marooned-in-Ctg
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Three lakh people marooned in Ctg
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[
"Three lakh",
"people",
"marooned in Ctg"
] | null |
[
"Daily Sun"
] |
2023-08-15T00:00:00
|
Three lakh people marooned in Ctg
|
en
|
/favicon/favicon.ico
|
daily-sun
|
https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/704889
| |||||
1814
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 42
|
https://www.dailymessenger.net/country/news/7850
|
en
|
Commuters, pedestrians suffer as Boalkhali road in shambles
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[
"SM Naeem Uddin, Boalkhali",
"The Daily Messenger"
] |
2023-08-30T06:25:00
|
Commuters, pedestrians suffer as Boalkhali road in shambles
|
en
|
https://www.dailymessenger.net/media/common/favicon.ico
|
The Daily Messenger
|
https://www.dailymessenger.net/country/news/7850
|
For three decades, a two-kilometer stretch of Haji Badiuzzaman road in the Charkhizirpur union of Boalkhali upazila has been a source of relentless hardship. The road's condition has deteriorated to the point of being impassable, subjecting thousands of villagers to immense suffering. The road's state renders it virtually unusable during heavy rainfall due to flooding and in dry seasons, it transforms into a dust-ridden path. Regrettably, the local representatives appear to limit their involvement to merely observing the road's dire condition.
A recent visit to the area starkly illustrated the challenges faced by people attempting to navigate this road. Marked by deep potholes, some locals have resorted to makeshift fixes with bricks, risking further hazards. Concerns loom over potential accidents due to these conditions.
Residents express deep frustration, as the road's appalling state brings significant suffering. Inadequate infrastructure hinders access to medical facilities and emergency services. Even basic tasks, like seeing a doctor, have become arduous due to the road's condition.
Robija Khatun, from Ward 7 in Char Khijirpur Union, emotionally shared her daily struggles. "We're not asking for much, just a road that lets us live with dignity. We plead, we're on our knees, begging for this road to be fixed. Our lives are dominated by this road. Can't anyone see our suffering? Why is it ignored year after year?" she tearfully questioned.
Despite occasional visits by journalists, the situation remains unchanged. Md. Masud Alam lamented the repetitive cycle—journalists come, document the dire state, yet no action follows. The deteriorating road not only inconveniences residents but also jeopardizes their safety.
Abul Hossen pointed out the contrast between the political changes in the region and the stagnant road repair efforts. "Leadership has changed, yet this road has stayed the same since 1990. It's as if we're invisible. The road lacks maintenance while residents endure its harsh realities," he said.
Local authorities acknowledge the urgency. Rezaul Karim Raja, Upazila Parishad Chairman, is committed to resolving the issue. "After inspecting the road at Sarjamine, I will discuss this with the MP and take swift action for repairs," he assured.
Assistant Engineer Mohammad Faruk Hossen emphasized the situation's urgency. "We've proposed repairs under the Greater Chittagong-4 Project. If approved, we can expect progress in the upcoming fiscal year," he said.
As the suffering of Char Khijirpur Union's residents continues, hopes rest on effective road repair initiatives that can finally end decades of pain and isolation.
|
||||
1814
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 4
|
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2069400.html
|
en
|
economic situation in Dhaka and Chittagong [Chattogram], including rates of criminal violence and political violence; access to housing, including the tenant registration system, employment, education
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] | null |
[
"Refugee Board of Canada"
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2022-01-13T00:00:00
|
Query response on Bangladesh: Socio-economic situation in Dhaka and Chittagong (2019 - December 2021) (criminal and political violence; housing; tenant registration system; employment and income; education; health care; freedom of movement and internal relocation)
|
en
| null |
1. Socio-Economic Situation
Based on 2021 estimates, the population of Bangladesh is approximately 164 or 166 million (US 14 Dec. 2021; UN [2021]). World Bank data indicates that in 2020, 50.6 percent of the population was male (World Bank n.d.a) and 49.4 percent was female (World Bank n.d.b).
Sources indicate that approximately 98 percent of the population is Bengali (US 14 Dec. 2021; Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 3.1; MRG June 2019). According to a 2011 estimate by the US CIA World Factbook, 1.1 percent of the population is comprised of "other [I]ndigenous ethnic groups"; 27 Indigenous ethnic groups are recognized by Bangladesh's government and that "other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups" (US 14 Dec. 2021). A country information report from Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) states that the non-Bengali population are "mostly small [I]ndigenous groups," of which Bangladesh has "about 50 distinct ethno-linguistic" groups (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 3.1, 3.2). Minority Rights Group International (MRG) notes that the government "recognizes 50 ethnic groups but does not recognize the concept of [I]ndigenous peoples" (MRG June 2019). The same source notes that according to the 2011 census, "approximately" 1.8 percent of the population are Indigenous Adivasis, "amounting to around 1.6 million – though some community representatives claim the actual figure is considerably higher"; the "majority" of the Indigenous Adivasis "live in the plains of the north and southeast, as well as the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), where they are also referred to as Jumma" (MRG June 2019). The DFAT report notes that while "around a third" of the Indigenous population live in the CHT, "[I]ndigenous people also live across the country" (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 3.2).
A 2018 estimate by the World Factbook indicates that 88.4 percent of the population is Muslim and 11.6 percent are defined as "other" (US 14 Dec. 2021). MRG notes that "while the majority of Muslims are Sunni, a small proportion are Shi'a" and there are "approximately" 100,000 Ahmadis (MRG June 2019). The same source estimates that 8.5 percent of the population is Hindu, 0.6 percent is Buddhist, and 0.3 percent is Christian (MRG June 2019).
The World Factbook data from 2021 states that 38.9 percent of the population lives in urban areas (US 14 Dec. 2021).
According to a 2019 figure provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 20.5 percent of the population was "[l]iving below the National Poverty Line" (ADB Apr. 2021, 1). A World Bank report assessing poverty in Bangladesh states that "[s]ince 2000, the country has reduced poverty by half" (World Bank 7 Oct. 2019, v). However, the same source notes that 1 in 4 people in Bangladesh continue to live in poverty and "almost half" of the population living in poverty "live in extreme poverty and are unable to afford a basic food consumption basket" (World Bank 7 Oct. 2019, 11). The same source notes that rural and urban areas did not undergo the same level of poverty reduction and while rural areas have accounted for 90 percent of poverty reduction since 2010, "in urban areas, progress has been slower and extreme poverty has not decreased" (World Bank 7 Oct. 2019, v).
According to an April 2021 World Bank report on the economic situation and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh, COVID-19 has "severely affected" Bangladesh with a national shutdown from March to May 2020 resulting "in severe supply-side disruptions in all sectors of the economy" (World Bank Apr. 2021, ii). The same source notes that COVID-19 "has reversed the country's steady trend of poverty reduction over the past two decades, at least temporarily" (World Bank Apr. 2021, ii). However, the World Bank report further states that a series of phone surveys [1] found the labour market has made a "gradual" recovery by February 2021 and the survey results from September/October 2020 found that "[h]ouseholds in poor and slum areas" in Dhaka and Chittagong "self-reported that their food security has improved substantially," and their "ability to pay rent and expectations to be able to obtain cash to fund an emergency" showed "improvements" when compared to results from June/July 2020 (World Bank Apr. 2021, 6).
According to a report on district level data from a 2019 survey on the situation of women and children based on a representative sample of 64,400 households, conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) in collaboration with UNICEF, 10.5 percent of women aged 15 to 49 reported "having personally felt discriminated against or harassed within the previous 12 months" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 15, 61).
For information on the situation and treatment of single women and women who head their own households in Dhaka and Chittagong, including availability of support services and ability to access housing and employment, see Response to Information Request BGD200087 of February 2020.
1.1 Socio-Economic Situation in Dhaka
According to 2021 World Factbook data, the population of Dhaka was 21.741 million (US 14 Dec. 2021).
MRG states that "[a]pproximately" 300,000 Biharis, an ethnic minority group, live "in and around" Dhaka (MRG June 2019).
Data compiled from a 2018 World Bank survey [2] indicates that 13.9 percent of respondents were "born in this community," 26.5 percent "migrated from [elsewhere in] Dhaka," 13.1 percent moved to Dhaka "for family," 13 percent moved to Dhaka for marriage," and 59.5 percent moved to Dhaka for work (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates that 87.1 percent of responding Dhaka households were "male headed households" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to the 2019 BBS and UNICEF data, 97 percent of Dhaka respondents reported using "improved sanitation facilities," 57.7 percent reported using "basic sanitation services," and 55.9 percent reported having "[b]asic drinking water, sanitation and hygiene service[s]" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 58).
The BBS and UNICEF data indicates that 6.5 percent of women in Dhaka aged 15 to 49 reported "having personally felt discriminated against or harassed within the previous 12 months" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 61).
The DFAT report provides the following information regarding the treatment of Indigenous people in Bangladesh and their ability to relocate to urban centres including Dhaka:
Indigenous people who move to large cities such as Dhaka in order to find work may experience discrimination and vilification, such as being subjected to abuse in the street, or having people refuse to share food or drinks with them. Women wearing traditional dress are particularly likely to be targeted. Children in mainstream schools may be targeted for bullying. Many children are unable to access education in their [I]ndigenous languages. Indigenous people report, however, that they do not generally experience discrimination in access to goods and services, at police checkpoints, or in accessing healthcare or housing. (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 3.3)
1.2 Socio-Economic Situation in Chittagong
According to 2021 World Factbook data, the population of Chittagong was 5.133 million (US 14 Dec. 2021).
Data compiled from a 2019 survey [3] conducted by the World Bank indicates that 48 percent of respondents were "born in this community," 8.2 percent "migrated from [elsewhere in] Chittagong," 11.4 percent moved to Chittagong "for family," 20.4 percent moved to Chittagong for marriage, and 55.9 percent moved to Chittagong for work (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates that 84.2 percent of responding Chittagong households were "male headed households" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to the BBS and UNICEF data, 88.1 percent of Chittagong respondents reported using "improved sanitation facilities," 69.7 percent reported using "basic sanitation facilities," and 48.9 percent reported having "[b]asic drinking water, sanitation and hygiene service[s]" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 57).
The BBS and UNICEF data indicates that 5 percent of women aged 15 to 49 reported "having personally felt discriminated against or harassed within the previous 12 months" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 61, 71).
2. Rates of Criminal and Political Violence
According to 2020 crime statistics provided by the BBS and attributed to the Bangladesh Police, there were 187,926 total reported crime cases, including 3,539 murders and 486 kidnappings (Bangladesh 2020, 146–147).
According to a report by the US Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC), "[m]ugging, burglary, financial scams, and petty drug crimes comprise most [of the] criminal activity" in Dhaka and other major cities in Bangladesh (US 27 Oct. 2021, 1). The same source adds that "[h]omicides, sexual assaults, robberies, and residential break-ins" occur but do not surpass average rates in "major U.S. cities" (US 27 Oct. 2021, 1). According to the same source, "most perpetrators" of "[v]iolent crime" have "some level" of familiarity with the victims and "[v]iolent crime tends to be situational" (US 27 Oct. 2021, 1). The same source adds that, owing to "occasional communal violence, terrorism, kidnapping, crime and other security concerns" in the CHT, Bangladesh's government has restrictions in place for "all" foreigners who travel to the region (US 27 Oct. 2021).
Sources report that following a 2016 terrorist attack at the Holey Artisan Bakery, Bangladeshi authorities increased counterterrorism efforts (Freedom House 3 Mar. 2021, Sec. F3; Jane's Country Risk Daily Report 7 May 2019; Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 2.35), and since then terrorist attacks have been "low" (Freedom House 3 Mar. 2021, Sec. F3) or "have decreased markedly" (Jane's Country Risk Daily Report 7 May 2019).
According to statistics provided by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), a website tracking terrorism and "low intensity warfare" in South Asia of the non-profit Institute for Conflict Management (SATP n.d.), as of 20 December 2021, there were 73 "terrorism related incidents" in Bangladesh in 2021, 88 in 2020, and 99 in 2019 (SATP 20 Dec. 2021a).
According to the OSAC report, "criminal or terrorist individuals or groups have threatened to and/or have seized or detained and threatened to kill, injure, or continue to detain individuals in order to compel a third party (including a governmental organization) to do or abstain from doing something as a condition of release" (US 27 Oct. 2021, 2). According to the same source, "[t]errorist elements retain a presence" in the country, and in 2019 the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) [Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, Islamic State (IS), Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Daesh] claimed responsibility for six attacks involving improvised explosive devices (IEDs), which "targeted" the Bangladesh Police and a [Bangladesh] Awami League (AL) office (US 27 Oct. 2021, 2–3).
2.1 Dhaka
According to the 2020 statistics produced by BBS, and attributed to the Bangladesh Police, in 2020 Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) recorded 22,673 total crime cases, including 219 murders and 44 kidnappings (Bangladesh 2020, 146–147).
The BBS and UNICEF data indicates that 90.8 percent of Dhaka women aged 15 to 49 reported that they "feel safe walking alone in their neighbourhood after dark" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 54). According to an April 2020 article in the Dhaka Tribune, an English-language Bangladesh-based newspaper, data provided by the DMP indicated that cases of "violence against women" in Dhaka was "higher" in March 2020 compared to February and January 2020 with 56 cases of rape and 132 cases of "other forms of violence against women" reported (Dhaka Tribune 24 Apr. 2020). The same source states that according to a human rights activist, the national COVID-19 lockdown introduced in March 2020 "led to a rise in domestic tension and violence" (Dhaka Tribune 24 Apr. 2020). A September 2020 article by the same source cites DMP statistics as indicating that 184 "rape cases have been recorded" over the preceding five months in Dhaka, with 12 cases reported in April, 15 in May, 46 in June, 53 in July, and 58 in August (Dhaka Tribune 29 Sept. 2020). The same source reports that according to statistics compiled from media reports by Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK), a Bangladeshi legal aid and human rights organization (ASK n.d.), there were 632 "rape incidents" from April to August 2020 (Dhaka Tribune 29 Sept. 2020).
According to statistics provided by the SATP, as of 20 December 2021, there were 39 "terrorism related incidents" in Dhaka in 2021, 36 in 2020, and 39 in 2019 (SATP 20 Dec. 2021b).
Freedom House reports that "the [ISIS] militant group claimed credit for several nonlethal bomb attacks on police officers in Dhaka in 2019 and 2020" (Freedom House 3 Mar. 2021, Sec. F3).
Sources report that in February 2019 Bangladeshi commandoes shot dead a man attempting to use either a gun (Dhaka Tribune 24 Feb. 2019) or a toy gun (CNN 25 Feb. 2019) to hijack a Biman Bangladesh Airlines flight from Dhaka to Dubai (Dhaka Tribune 24 Feb. 2019; CNN 25 Feb. 2019). According to the US Department of State's Country Reports on Terrorism 2019, "[t]he international community remains concerned about security procedures at Dhaka's Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport" noting the February 2019 incident and "several subsequent incidents in which passengers defeated screening protocols" there (US 24 June 2020, 154).
Sources report that on 29 April 2019, three police officers were wounded by an explosion in Dhaka's Gulistan road (Bangla Tribune 25 July 2019a; Jane's Country Risk Daily Report 7 May 2019). According to Jane's Country Risk Daily Report, a day earlier (on 28 April 2019), "security forces raided a shanty town shack in Dhaka's Bosila area" suspected of harboring Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen [Jama'atul Mujahideen] Bangladesh (JMB) militants, "a domestic Islamist group that the government has connected with previous Islamic State attacks," resulting in "a brief siege, two militants detonat[ing] explosives, killing themselves" (Jane's Country Risk Daily Report 7 May 2019).
Sources cite the Search for International Terrorist Entities (SITE) Intelligence Group [4] as indicating that on 26 May 2019, a police vehicle was attacked by an explosion which injured three people, including one police officer and for which the ISIS claimed responsibility (Bangla Tribune 27 May 2019; Dhaka Tribune 27 May 2019; PTI 27 May 2019).
According to a July 2019 Dhaka Tribune article, police found and deactivated two "'bomb-like objects'" at Paltan intersection and Khamarbari [road] in Dhaka (Dhaka Tribune 24 July 2019). The Bangla Tribune, a Bengali language news website in Bangladesh, reports that the two IEDs in Paltana and Khamarbari were found "near police boxes" and that "[i]n the last few years, a tendency has risen among militants to attack members of the police force" (Bangla Tribune 25 July 2019a). A separate July 2019 Bangla Tribune article, citing reports by SITE Intelligence Group, indicates that ISIS "claimed responsibility" for "planting" the two bombs (Bangla Tribune 25 July 2019b). Bangla Tribune notes that according to officials with the DMP's Counterterrorism and Transnational Crime (CTTC) unit, the Neo-Jamaat ul-Mujahideen [Neo-Jama'atul Mujahideen] Bangladesh (Neo-JMB) [a JMB splinter group (International Crisis Group 28 Feb. 2018, 4)] and Ansar al-Islam [a "terrorist" group (US 27 Oct. 2021)] have been carrying out "operation[s]" "for the last few years," and it is "believed that a group of Neo JMB is still active under Abu Mohamamd Al Bangali," and Syed Ziaul Huq, "a leading figure of Ansar Al Islam" remains "a fugitive" (Bangla Tribune 25 July 2019a).
2.2 Chittagong
According to the 2020 statistics produced by the BBS, and attributed to the Bangladesh Police, in 2020 Chattogram Metropolitan Police (CMP) recorded 6,288 total crime cases, including 77 murders and 13 kidnappings (Bangladesh 2020, 146–147).
According to the BBS and UNICEF data, 75.5 percent of Chittagong women aged 15 to 49 reported that they "feel safe walking alone in their neighbourhood after dark" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 53).
According to a May 2019 Dhaka Tribune article, crimes "committed by gangs of teenagers" are "rising" in Chittagong (Dhaka Tribune 18 May 2019). A September 2020 Dhaka Tribune article notes Chittagong's "rising" "number of juvenile delinquents," which is "usually defined as" "minors … between the ages of 10 and 18, who have committed some acts that violate the law" (Dhaka Tribune 12 Sept. 2020).
According to statistics provided by the SATP, as of 20 December 2021, there were two "terrorism related incidents" in Chittagong in 2021, four in 2020, and five in 2019 (SATP 20 Dec. 2021c).
A Dhaka Tribune article states that on 28 February 2020 two police officers and a child were "injured in an explosion near a traffic police box" in the Sholoshahar Gate No. 2 section of Chittagong (Dhaka Tribune 28 Feb. 2020). An October 2020 article by the same source reports that the "bomb blast" injured 5 people including two police officers, occurred "inside" a traffic police box, and was followed by the arrest of nine suspects since May 2020 (Dhaka Tribune 14 Oct. 2020). The same article adds that all 9 "arrested" individuals were "suspected operatives" of the New JMB, "an offshoot of [the] banned militant outfit [JMB]," and the arrests were made by the CTTC unit of the CMP (Dhaka Tribune 14 Oct. 2020).
According to a 12 June 2021 Dhaka Tribune article, the CTTC unit of the CMP "arrested an active member of [the] banned militant outfit Ansar Al Islam" (Dhaka Tribune 12 June 2021). The same article notes that the individual "recently came back from Syria," where "he had joined [ISIS]," had "received training on operating heavy weapons," and, according to the CMP, had taken "part in battles for ISIS" (Dhaka Tribune 12 June 2021). According to the same article, "[a]fter completing his mission in Syria," the man "returned" to Bangladesh on 22 March 2021 "to continue 'jihadi' activities, according to [the] CTTC" (Dhaka Tribune 12 June 2021).
3. Access to Housing
3.1 Dhaka
According to the 2018 World Bank survey data, 10.9 percent of responding Dhaka dwellings were "owned," 2.8 percent were "rent free," and 86.2 percent were "rented" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The data also indicates that the "[m]ean cost of rent (including electricity, water [and] gas)" was 3,346 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) [$C50], and that 98 percent of renters were "under an oral contract" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates that 95.4 percent of Dhaka households get "water from an improved source" and 99.7 percent had "electricity" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The data also states that 89.4 percent of households were "sharing [a] kitchen" and 77.2 percent had "a separate kitchen," while 87.4 percent of households had "access to improved toilets" and 90.3 percent "share[d a] toilet with other households" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). According to the data, 71.6 percent of Dhaka households had tin roofs and 26 percent had "[b]rick/cement" roofs (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to an April 2019 article on the website of the University of Toronto's Asian Studies journal, Synergy, by Renee Xu, a contributor for the journal's East Asia Section, urbanization in Dhaka has "largely been sustained by large-scale migration that has produced explosive rates of population growth" (Xu 15 Apr. 2019). The same source notes that a "massive inflow" of "many" "low- and middle-class workers" in Dhaka has contributed to a situation in which "the urban poor" have an "inability to obtain sufficient and affordable housing" in the city (Xu 15 Apr. 2019). Xu adds that Dhaka's "infrastructure has been struggling to keep pace with this continual influx of people," creating a "multitude of challenges" including the "provision of housing" for "disadvantaged" residents (Xu 15 Apr. 2019). The same article indicates that housing "contractors in the formal sector tend to exclusively serve upper and middle-income populations," leaving "many" Dhaka residents unable to access affordable housing (Xu 15 Apr. 2019). The article indicates that "while many Dhaka residents have been able to find adequate living situations for themselves," "more often than not, many find themselves residing in unsafe, uninhabitable settlements over which they have no legal title and constantly face the threat of ecological disaster, legal action or both" (Xu 15 Apr. 2019).
3.2 Chittagong
According to the 2019 World Bank survey data, 35.4 percent of responding Chittagong dwellings were "owned," 2.3 percent were "rent free," and 62.3 percent were "rented" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The data also indicates that the "[m]ean cost of rent (including electricity, water [and] gas)" was 2,847 BDT [$C43], and that 91 percent of renters were "under an oral contract" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates that 97.1 percent of Chittagong households get "water from an improved source" and 98.9 percent had "electricity" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). According to the data, 40 percent of households were "sharing [a] kitchen" and 76.6 percent had "a separate kitchen," while 84.1 percent of households had "access to improved toilets" and 45.2 percent "share[d a] toilet with other households" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The data indicates that 73 percent of Chittagong households had tin roofs and 27 percent had "brick/cement" roofs (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
3.3 Tenant Registration System
For information on the tenant registration (or tenant verification) system, including implementation and information sharing by authorities, see Response to Information Request BGD200088 of February 2020.
3.3.1 Citizen Information Management System (CIMS)
According to a January 2019 article in the Dhaka Tribune, the DMP "initiated collecting information on landlords and tenants in late 2015 … to help police track down suspected criminals who may be hiding in the city" (Dhaka Tribune 30 Jan. 2019). The same article indicates that the DMP use a form which "asks landlords to provide details of tenant or the flat/house owner's name, photo, permanent address, workplace address, religion, mobile phone number, national ID number, email address, passport number, and the names, ages, occupations and mobile phone numbers of the family members" (Dhaka Tribune 30 Jan. 2019). The same article states that the DMP now "has key information on eight million residents" of the city, "[a]ll" of which according to the DMP Commissioner is "stored in the DMP's [CIMS] database" (Dhaka Tribune 30 Jan. 2019).
According to the description available on the official Google Play webpage for the CIMS DMP mobile application, the app "helps citizen to submit information digitally" that would otherwise be submitted using "hard copy forms" (Dhaka n.d.). The same source adds that the user "can update family member information and [h]ome employee information" (Dhaka n.d.). Sources report that from 15 to 21 June 2019, the DMP initiated "Citizen Information Collection Week (CICW) (Dhaka Tribune 24 June 2019; BSS 15 June 2019). The Dhaka Tribune stated that the DMP used the drive to "[gather] landlord-tenant information" to "update information in its [CIMS]" (Dhaka Tribune 24 June 2019).
Sources report that in 2019 the DMP launched a mobile application for CIMS data collection (Dhaka Tribune 9 Sept. 2019; Asjad 12 Feb. 2021). According to a September 2019 article in the Dhaka Tribune, "[p]olice will directly use the CIMS app to avail information about tenants"; the DMP Commissioner stated that DMP has "'collected the information of over 7.2 million citizens in CIMS'" and "'[i]ndividuals can no longer rent out or rent a house without a lease information form'" (Dhaka Tribune 9 Sept. 2019). A February 2021 opinion article published by the Financial Express, a daily English-language newspaper in Bangladesh, and written by columnist Tanim Asjad, reports that the DMP has "again" started "collecting the information of house owners and tenants living in Dhaka" for storage in its CIMS (Asjad 12 Feb. 2021). To date, the same source states, "around" 8 million people have been "recorded in the system," and the "ongoing campaign" is designed to "update the database by including those who somehow were earlier excluded" (Asjad 12 Feb. 2021). The same article reports that the CIMS information collection "is still manual as the [mobile] app is not properly functional," and "citizens are forced to visit police stations to present the form or paper physically" (Asjad 12 Feb. 2021).
Information on CIMS data collection in Chittagong was scarce among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
According to an October 2017 article by the Daily Star, an English-language newspaper in Bangladesh, in July 2016 CMP "took the initiative" to "complete the citizens' information database," including by "entering [citizen] information into the [CIMS] online database" (The Daily Star 29 Oct. 2017). The same article reports that CMP "have been provided with 30 computers, scanners, and dedicated internet connections" to complete the entry of the information (The Daily Star 29 Oct. 2017).
4. Access to Employment and Income
The World Bank, citing data from the International Labour Organization (ILO), reports that Bangladesh's overall unemployment rate for 2020 was 5.3 percent (World Bank 15 June 2021). The ADB indicates that in 2019 the unemployment rate for women was 6.6 percent while the rate for men was 3.2 percent (ADB Apr. 2021, 3). The BBS reports that in 2016–2017, Bangladesh's unemployment rate was 4.2 percent, with the total unemployed population at 2.7 million people and the total employed population (age 15 and above) at 60.8 million people (Bangladesh 2020, 39–40). The same source indicates that the rural unemployment rate was 4 percent, and the urban unemployment rate was 4.9 percent in 2016-2017 (Bangladesh 2020, 40). The BBS also states that the unemployment rate in 2016–2017 was 3.1 percent for men and 6.7 percent for women (Bangladesh 2020, 40). The DFAT report notes that the "overall participation rate of women in employment remains low and has not increased appreciably in the previous decade" (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 2.11).
According to the DFAT report, "[m]ajor cities, such as Dhaka and Chittagong, offer greater opportunities for employment" than other parts of the country (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 5.22). The same source also provides the following information regarding employment in Bangladesh:
The majority of labour force participants are engaged in informal and low-income work across various sectors, especially in the agriculture sector. While estimates of the size of the informal sector vary, it is likely to comprise between 80 and 90 per cent of the labour force. (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 2.10)
According to the DFAT report, "[r]egardless of their arrival date in Bangladesh, Rohingya are not eligible for Bangladesh citizenship (including through marriage) and are not legally entitled to work" (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 3.22). The same source notes that "[m]any Rohingya who arrived before 25 August 2017 have been able to work informally in Bangladesh using fraudulent identity documents, including National Identity Cards (NICs)" (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 3.22). The same source provides the following information regarding Rohingya people relocating to cities including Dhaka in search of employment:
Their ability to relocate and find employment depends on individual networks. Rohingya may be motivated to assimilate into communities quickly in order to participate in informal employment undetected by authorities. Rohingya may also use fraudulently obtained documents in order to obtain work in the formal sector. (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 3.21)
According to a 2020 analysis published by the World Bank on the impact of COVID-19 on the labour market in "poor areas" of Dhaka, Chittagong, and Cox's Bazar, based on "representative phone surveys in poor and slum areas" of these cities, 76 percent of Dhaka respondents and 59 percent of Chittagong respondents "seem to have experienced a job loss … as they report exiting the job force or currently searching for jobs" since 25 March 2020 (Genoni, et al. 2020, 3, 9–10). The same study found that "given the low rates of female labor force participation, women appear to be disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 crisis," having "experienced relatively higher job losses" which "have translated into women leaving the labor force" in Dhaka and Chittagong specifically (Genoni, et al. 2020, 3).
According to the April 2021 World Bank report, "[r]ecent survey data from poor areas in Dhaka and Chittagong suggest" a "gradual recovery of livelihoods in those areas," after the COVID-19 pandemic initially saw "[w]idepread losses in employment and labor earnings" and a "significant increase in poverty" in the country (World Bank Apr. 2021, ii). The same report states that surveys "pointed to a gradual labor market recovery in major urbans centers by February 2021," including the percentage of adults who were "working the week preceding the interview" reaching 62 percent in Chittagong (which is "on par with pre-COVID levels") and 69 percent in Dhaka (which is "still below" the pre-COVID level of 74 percent) (World Bank Apr. 2021, 6).
Article 15 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972 and amended in 2018, provides the following:
…
(d) the right to social security, that is to say, to public assistance in cases of undeserved want arising from unemployment, illness or disablement, or suffered by widows or orphans or in old age, or in other such cases. (Bangladesh 1972)
4.1 Dhaka
The Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry (DCCI), citing BBS statistics and discussing the economic impact of COVID-19, indicates that the city's unemployment rate rose to 23 percent in July of 2020, before dropping to 4 percent in September "with [the] reopening [of] the economy" (DCCI 2020, 23).
According to the 2018 World Bank survey data, 20.3 percent of Dhaka respondents were "employed in services," 20 percent were "employed in a business," 9.9 percent were "employed as porter/day laborers," 12.1 percent were "employed as maid[s]/servant[s]," 10.9 percent were "employed as rickshaw/van drivers," and 11.3 percent were "employed in other sector[s]/activit[ies]" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data reports that 76.9 percent of individuals were "in the labor force," 74.9 percent were "wage-employed individuals," and 18.5 percent were "self-employed" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). Regarding terms of employment, the same data set reports that 10 percent of Dhaka respondents were "casual/daily workers," 35.8 percent were "permanent employees," 19.8 percent were "self-employed", 29.9 percent were "temporary employees," and 4.5 percent had an "other" term of employment (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
The 2018 World Bank data reported that the "[m]ean monthly wages" of Dhaka respondents was 9,142 BDT [C$133] and their "[m]ean total monthly income" was 10,425 BDT [C$157] (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates that responding households had an average of 53 percent "incoming-earning members" in their home (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). According to the same data, 5 percent of responding households "received local remittances" and 2 percent "received international remittances" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to data produced by the Price and Wage division of the National Accounting Wing of the BBS, the average daily wage rate for Dhaka's "skilled" "industrial workers" in October 2020 was 465 BDT [C$6.96], and 387 BDT [C$5.80] for its "unskilled" "industrial workers" (Bangladesh Nov. 2021, 5). According to data produced by the Agriculture Wing of the BBS, in June 2020 the "daily average wage rate [for] agricultural labour" "without food" in Dhaka was 525 BDT [C$7.87] for men and 465 BDT [C$6.96] for women, or 456 BDT [C$6.84] for men and 438 BDT [C$6.57] for women if three meals are provided (Bangladesh Nov. 2021, 9).
The 2018 World Bank data reports that 10.6 percent of respondent households had "at least one member [who] asked for microfinance in the last twelve months," and 1.4 percent of households had "received money from [the] social-safety net" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
The 2019 BBS and UNICEF data indicates that 56.5 percent of the population was "covered by social transfers" [5], and 70.9 percent of households with children received some type of social transfer (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 61).
According to the DFAT report, "Indigenous people and people living in remote areas are very likely to work in the informal sector," and they "often move to large cities, especially Dhaka, in search of employment" (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 2.10).
4.2 Chittagong
According to the 2019 World Bank survey data, 24.8 percent of Chittagong respondents were "employed in services," 14.3 percent were "employed in a business," 10.3 percent were "employed as porter/day laborers," 5.2 percent were "employed as maid[s]/servant[s]," 5.9 percent were "employed as rickshaw/van drivers," and 17.9 percent were "employed in other sector[s]/activit[ies]" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates that 64.5 percent of individuals were "in the labor force," 72.8 percent were "wage-employed individuals," and 11.7 were "self-employed" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
The 2019 World Bank data indicated that the "[m]ean monthly wages" of Chittagong respondents was 14,470 BDT [C$218] and their "[m]ean total monthly income" was 14,102 BDT [C$212] (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data states that responding households had an average of 39 percent "incoming-earning members" in their home (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). According to the same data, 5 percent of responding households "received local remittances" and 4 percent "received international remittances" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to the BBS's Price and Wage data, the average daily wage rate for Chittagong's "skilled" "industrial workers" in October 2020 was 449 BDT [C$6.57], and 374 BDT [C$5.61] for "unskilled" "industrial workers" (Bangladesh Nov. 2021, 5). According to data produced by the Agriculture Wing of the BBS, in June 2020 the "daily average wage rate for agricultural labour" "without food" in Chittagong was 560 BDT [C$8.40] for men and 380 BDT [C$5.70] for women, or 440 BDT [C$6.59] for men and 300 BDT [C$4.50] for women if three meals are provided (Bangladesh Nov. 2021, 9).
Regarding terms of employment, the same data set reports that 13 percent of Chittagong respondents were "casual/daily workers," 31 percent were "permanent employees," 13.6 percent were "self-employed," 35.7 percent were "temporary employees," and 4.6 percent had an "other" term of employment (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
The 2019 BBS and UNICEF data indicates that 58.1 percent of the population was "covered by social transfers," and 67.5 percent of households with children received some type of social transfer (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 61).
The 2019 World Bank data reports that 25.3 percent of respondent households had "at least one member [who] asked for microfinance in the last twelve months," and 1.5 percent of households had "received money from [the] social-safety net" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
5. Access to Education
BBS statistics for 2020 indicate that the country's literacy rate was 75.2 percent for all people aged 7 and older, including 77.4 percent for men and 72.9 percent for women (Bangladesh Nov. 2021, x). According to the same BBS data, the "adult literacy rate" for all people aged 15 and older was 75.6 percent, including 78.2 percent for men and 73 percent for women (Bangladesh Nov. 2021, x). BBS, citing data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Education Information and Statistics (BANBEIS), also notes that in 2020 national enrollment in "secondary" and "primary" school totalled 10,252,126, including 459,537 in "junior secondary school," 8,557,236 in "secondary school," 1,132,918 in "school and college (school section)," and 102,435 in government "primary school" (Bangladesh Nov. 2021, x). According to the 2019 BBS and UNICEF data, the national completion rate of "primary school" was 82.6 percent, with 64.7 percent for "lower secondary" and 29.4 percent for "upper secondary" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 43). The same data indicates that 48.8 percent of Bangladeshi children aged 7 to 14 had "foundational reading skills," and 27.9 percent had "foundational number skills" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 49). The data also indicates that 64.2 percent of "children and young people" aged 5 to 24 received "[s]chool-related support" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 61). Another report by BBS and UNICEF on the 2019 survey indicates that "school-related support" is defined as "[s]chool tuition or other school related support" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 384–385).
According to a 2020 report on education using the 2019 MICS survey data by UNICEF Bangladesh in collaboration with BBS, "[o]ut-of-school rates in the divisions of Dhaka and Chattogram" "meet or exceed the national average at each level of education" (UN 2020, 27).
5.1 Dhaka
According to the 2018 World Bank survey data, 17.9 percent of Dhaka "household heads" cannot "read or write," 35.7 percent of respondents had "no schooling," 33.6 percent were members of "households where at least one member attended private school in the last twelve months," and 19.9 percent were members of "households were at least one member attended public school in the last twelve months" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates an average of 3.55 "[y]ears of complete education" for "individuals 4+ years old" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to the 2019 BBS and UNICEF data, the "[p]rimary school completion rate" in Dhaka was 84.5 percent, its "[l]ower secondary completion rate" was 61.4 percent, and its "[u]pper secondary completion rate" was 30.2 percent (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 44). The same data indicates that 60.6 percent of children in Dhaka aged 7 to 14 had "foundational reading skills," and 38.2 percent had "foundational number skills" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 50). The data also indicates that 74 percent of "children and young people" aged 5 to 24 received "[s]chool-related support" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 61).
5.2 Chittagong
According to the 2019 World Bank survey data, 18.7 percent of Chittagong "household heads" cannot "read or write," 31 percent of respondents had "no schooling," 37.9 percent were members of "households where at least one member attended private school in the last twelve months," and 33.9 percent were members of "households where at least one member attended public school in the last twelve months" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021). The same data indicates an average of 4.96 "[y]ears of complete education" for "individuals 4+ years old" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to the 2019 BBS and UNICEF data, the "[p]rimary school completion rate" in Chittagong was 86 percent, its "[l]ower secondary completion rate" was 67.5 percent, and its "[u]pper secondary completion rate" was 23.4 percent (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 43). The same data indicates that 43.9 percent of children in Chittagong aged 7 to 14 had "foundational reading skills," and 21.5 percent had "foundational number skills" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 49). The data also indicates that 62.2 percent of "children and young people" aged 5 to 24 received "[s]chool-related support" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 61).
6. Access to Health Care
The 2019 DFAT report provides the following information regarding health care in Bangladesh:
The Constitution stipulates that the provision of health care is a government responsibility. In practice, however, the private sector and [NGOs] provide a significant portion of health services. Health care facilities in Bangladesh are generally poor in quality. While there are some private clinics that offer better quality, these tend to be beyond the means of ordinary Bangladeshis. Local clinics exist at the community or village levels, and support larger district or central hospitals. Although some government health services are supposed to be free, patients report that they are generally required to pay money to access services. Consultation fees are often exorbitant and out of reach of the poor. Doctors also reportedly tend to "over-service" clients, ordering unnecessary tests to increase their incomes. (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 2.15)
6.1 Dhaka
According to the 2018 World Bank survey data, 57.8 percent of Dhaka households had "at least one member [who] used [a] private health facility in the last twelve months" and 24.8 percent had "at least one member [who] used [a] public health facility in the last twelve months" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to data made available by the BBS and attributed to the Directorate General of the Health Services (DGHS) of Bangladesh's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in 2018 there were 150 "[c]ommunity [c]linics" in Dhaka (Bangladesh 2020, 133).
Data available on the website of the DGHS indicates that the national bed occupancy rate for upazila [sub-district (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, 6)] health complex/offices in 2020 was 68.6 percent (Bangladesh [2020]). The same 2020 data gives the following bed occupancy rates for Dhaka's five reporting upazila health complexes:
Dhamrai Upazila Health Complex: 64.61 percent
Dohar Upazila Health Complex: 74.95 percent
Keraniganj Upazila Health Complex: 81.60 percent
Nawabganj Upazila Health Complex: 88.49 percent
Savar Upazila Health Complex: 100.03 percent (Bangladesh [2020]).
The same 2020 data gives the bed occupancy rates for medical college hospitals nationally as 128.5 percent, and the following rates for Dhaka's four reporting medical college hospitals:
Dhaka Medical College Hospital: 82.38 percent
Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital: 100.85 percent
Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka: 107.78 percent
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital: 128.62 percent (Bangladesh [2020]).
According to the same 2020 data, the national average for Dhaka's specialty postgraduate institutes and hospitals' bed occupancy rate is 80.3, with ten specialty postgraduate institutes and hospitals reporting the following rates:
Institute of Child and Mother Health, Matuail: 55.19 percent
National Institute of ENT: 61.47 percent
National Institute of Diseases of the Chest & Hospital (NIDCH): 66.87 percent
National Institute of Ophthalmology (NIO): 67.13 percent
National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR): 74.74 percent
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): 82.37 percent
National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICR&H): 91.32 percent
National Institute of Kidney Disease and Urology (NIKDU) and National Institute of Neuro Sciences & Hospital (NINS & H): 100 percent
National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD): 124.15 percent (Bangladesh [2020]).
According to a June 2019 Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) blogpost written by Sylvana Q. Sinha, the founder and CEO of Praava Health, a Bangladesh health care company "that combines telemedicine with physical clinics" (TechCrunch 7 Mar. 2021), the private health care system in Dhaka and other "growing urban areas" is "particularly" "expensive and highly fragmented," while Bangladesh's public health system is "understaffed and overstretched," leaving private facilities to "fill the gap" (Sinha 17 June 2019).
The DFAT report states that "[d]espite considerable need," support services treating mental health disorders are "few" and there is "no specific mental health authority," and private mental health facilities are "primarily located in Dhaka" (in addition to one "large mental hospital in Pabna") (Australia 22 Aug. 2019, para. 2.16).
According to a 2020 Human Rights Watch (HRW) report on violence against women and girls in Bangladesh, including victims of acid attacks, based on 50 interviews including 29 interviews with women from six of Bangladesh's eight divisions who are survivors of gender-based violence, as well as interviews with women's rights activists, lawyers, and academics, "[e]xisting government facilities for burn treatment are overburdened and primarily centered in Dhaka" (HRW Oct. 2020, 2, 7). The same report notes that "oral morphine is only available in Dhaka" (HRW Oct. 2020, 7). The report also describes the situation of a woman who moved to Dhaka in 2016 to "protect herself and her children" from her abusive husband, who ultimately "found her, threw acid in her face, and stabbed her in the head with a knife" (HRW Oct. 2020, 25).
According to the HRW report, as part of the "Multi-Sectoral Programme on Violence Against Women (MSPVAW)" "jointly operated by the governments of Bangladesh and Denmark," there are "One-Stop Crisis Centers in major hospitals," including in both Dhaka and Chittagong (HRW Oct. 2020, 25). However, according to the director of a women's right organization quoted in the HRW report, these crisis centres are "'not following up on protocol'," and the space where the crisis centre was "originally set up" in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) was ultimately repurposed when "'they gave that space to a blood bank'" (HRW Oct. 2020, 33–34).
6.2 Chittagong
According to the 2019 World Bank survey data, 73.5 percent of Chittagong households had "at least one member [who] used [a] private health facility in the last twelve months" and 12.7 percent had "at least one member [who] used [a] public health facility in the last twelve months" (World Bank 15 Sept. 2021).
According to the DGHS data made available by the BBS, in 2018 there were 507 "[c]ommunity [c]linics" in Chittagong (Bangladesh 2020, 133).
Data available on the website of the DGHS indicates that the national bed occupancy rate for upazila health complex/offices in 2020 was 68.6 percent (Bangladesh [2020]). The same 2020 data gives the following bed occupancy rates for Chittagong's 14 reporting upazila health complexes:
Sitakunda Upazila Health Complex: 42.41 percent
Raozan Upazila Health Complex: 43.07 percent
Hathazari Upazila Health Complex: 48 percent
Satkania Upazila Health Complex: 49.95 percent
Mirsharai Upazila Health Complex: 50.46 percent
Lohagara Upazila Health Complex: 50.54 percent
Rangunia Upazila Health Complex: 60.37 percent
Sandwip Upazila Health Complex: 67.94 percent
Chandanaish Upazila Health Complex: 74.92 percent
Boalkhali Upazila Health Complex: 77 percent
Anwara Upazila Health Complex: 78.95 percent
Banshkhali Upazila Health Complex: 83.19 percent
Patiya Upazila Health Complex: 98.22 percent
Fatikchari Upazila Health Complex: 119.75 percent (Bangladesh [2020]).
The same 2020 data indicates that Chittagong's one reporting district hospital (Chittagong 250 Bed General Hospital) had a bed occupancy rate of 60.9 percent, compared with 119.9 percent at district hospitals nationally (Bangladesh [2020]). According to the same 2020 data, Chittagong's one reporting medical college hospital (Chittagong Medical College Hospital) had a bed occupancy rate of 159.28 percent, compared with 128.5 percent at medical college hospitals nationally (Bangladesh [2020]).
7. Freedom of Movement and Internal Relocation
Bangladesh's Constitution provides the following regarding freedom of movement:
36. Subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the public interest, every citizen shall have the right to move freely throughout Bangladesh, to reside and settle in any place therein and to leave and re-enter Bangladesh. (Bangladesh 1972)
According to the US Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020, the country's law provides for "freedom of internal movement" and the government "generally respected these rights" with the exception of the CHT and the Rohingya camps in Cox's Bazar (US 30 Mar. 2021, 18).
According to an article in the Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science by Md. Zia Uddin and Takeshi Mizunoya, both of the School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Tsukuba in Japan, the Dhaka-Chittagong National Highway (NH1 [N1]) is a "major road corridor" and "one of the most important economic corridors in terms of passenger and freight movement" (Uddin and Mizunoya 2020, 286). A June 2020 report by the ADB indicates that the N1 is the "only major road that connects Dhaka to Chattogram," and is a 250 km highway "long … hampered by a lack of capacity" (ADB June 2020, 1). The same source adds that the "journey between Chattogram and Dhaka can take up to 10 hours because of road congestion" (ADB June 2020, 1). According to sources, a once-planned "expressway" road designed to improve traffic between Dhaka and Chittagong has now been "abandoned" (The Financial Express 25 Oct. 2021; The Daily Star 18 Oct. 2021).
Sources report that a "high-speed" railway linking Dhaka and Chittagong has been proposed and "approved" by Bangladesh's Prime Minister (The Financial Express 25 Oct. 2021; The Daily Star 1 Jan. 2020). According to sources, the proposed "high-speed" trains would result in Dhaka-Chittagong travel times of 55 to 73 minutes (The Daily Star 1 Jan. 2020) or 1 hour (The Financial Express 25 Oct. 2021), compared with current train travel durations of "around" 6 hours (The Daily Star 1 Jan. 2020) or 6 to 7 hours (The Financial Express 25 Oct. 2021). Information on the implementation of this proposed railway could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request.
Notes
[1] The World Bank conducted three rounds of phone surveys from June 2020 to February 2021 using a "representative sample of households living in poor and slum areas of Dhaka and Chittagong" (World Bank Apr. 2021, 6).
[2] According to the World Bank, the "2018 Dhaka Low Income Area Gender, Inclusion, and Poverty (DIGNITY) survey" "was designed to shed light on poverty, economic empowerment, and livelihood in urban areas of Bangladesh" (World Bank 9 Mar. 2020, 2). The same source notes that the DIGNITY survey collected information from "1,300 urban households living in poor areas of Dhaka" (World Bank 9 Mar. 2020, 2).
[3] According to the World Bank, the 2019 "Chattogram for Low Income Area Gender, Inclusion, and Poverty (CITY)" survey "was designed to shed light on poverty, economic empowerment, and livelihood in urban areas of Bangladesh" and to collect information on residents of "slum and non-slum poor neighborhoods in Chattogram" (World Bank 21 May 2020, 2). The same source states that information was collected from "805 households (1289 individuals - 580 in slum and 709 in non-slum areas)" in Chittagong (World Bank 21 May 2020).
[4] The Search for International Terrorist Entities (SITE) Intelligence Group is a US-based "non-governmental counterterrorism organization specializing in tracking and analyzing online activity of the global violent extremist community" (SITE Intelligence Group n.d.).
[5] According to the 2019 BBS and UNICEF report, "social transfers" include "[m]aternity allowance, [e]mployment generation, [f]ood support, [r]etirement pension for [g]overnment employees and families, [a]llowances (old age /disabled/widow/freedom fighters/shaheed families), school tuition or school related … support for any household member age 5–24 years, and any other external assistance program" (Bangladesh and UN May 2021, 63).
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Dhaka Tribune. 28 February 2020. Anwar Hussain. "2 Cops Among 3 Hurt in Chittagong Blast." [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Dhaka Tribune. 9 September 2019. Arifur Rahman Rabbi. "DMP Chief: Info on Tenants Helped Eradicate Militant Dens in Dhaka." [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Dhaka Tribune. 24 July 2019. Arifur Rahman Rabbi. "Police Neutralize Two 'Bomb-Like Objects' at Paltan, Khamarbari." [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Dhaka Tribune. 24 June 2019. Abdullah Alif. "DMP Commissioner: Citizen Info Collection Gets Huge Response." [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Dhaka Tribune. 27 May 2019. "Malibagh Blast: Explosive Likely Planted in Police Van from Before." [Accessed 15 Dec. 2021]
Dhaka Tribune. 18 May 2019. Anwar Hussain. "Teenage Gang Crimes on the Rise in Chittagong City." [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Dhaka Tribune. 24 February 2019. Tanjir Rahman and Arifur Rahman Rabbi. "Biman Flight Hijack Drama at Chittagong Airport Ends with Gunman Shot Dead." [Accessed 15 Dec. 2021]
Dhaka Tribune. 30 January 2019. Syed Samiul Basher Anik and Arifur Rahman Rabbi. "Citizen Database Not an End in Itself." [Accessed 20 Dec. 2021]
The Financial Express. 25 October 2021. Shihab Sarkar. "Fresh Countdown to High-Speed Trains." [Accessed 24 Dec. 2021]
Freedom House. 3 March 2021. "Bangladesh." Freedom in the World 2021. [Accessed 9 Dec. 2021]
Genoni, Maria Eugenia, et al. 2020. Losing Livelihoods: The Labor Market Impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. World Bank. [Accessed 17 Dec. 2021]
Human Rights Watch (HRW). October 2020. "I Sleep in My Own Deathbed." Violence Against Women and Girls in Bangladesh: Barriers to Legal Recourse and Support. [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
International Crisis Group. 28 February 2018. Countering Jihadist Militancy in Bangladesh. Asia Report No. 295. [Accessed 12 Jan. 2022]
Jane's Country Risk Daily Report. 7 May 2019. Asad Ali. "IED Attack in Bangladesh Confirms Threat of Crude lslamist Attacks Against Security Forces, Religious Minorities, and Expatriates." [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Minority Rights Group International (MRG). June 2019. "Bangladesh." World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. [Accessed 31 Dec. 2021]
Press Trust of India (PTI). 27 May 2019. "3 Injured in Blast at Bangladesh's Dhaka, ISIS Claims Responsibility." [Accessed 15 Dec. 2019]
The Search for International Terrorist Entities (SITE) Intelligence Group. N.d. "The Search for International Terrorist Entities." [Accessed 6 Jan. 2022]
Sinha, Sylvana Q. 17 June 2019. "To Reach Its Economic Dreams, Bangladesh Needs to Rethink Healthcare." Asia Unbound. Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Institute for Conflict Management (ICM). 20 December 2021a. "Datasheet – Bangladesh, Number of Terrorism Related Incidents Year Wise." [Accessed 23 Dec. 2021]
South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Institute for Conflict Management (ICM). 20 December 2021b. "Datasheet – Dhaka (Dhaka Division), Number of Terrorism Related Incidents Year Wise." [Accessed 23 Dec. 2021]
South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Institute for Conflict Management (ICM). 20 December 2021c. "Datasheet – Chittagong (Chittagong Division), Number of Terrorism Related Incidents Year Wise." [Accessed 23 Dec. 2021]
South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Institute for Conflict Management (ICM). N.d. "About Us." [Accessed 23 Dec. 2021]
TechCrunch. 7 March 2021. Catherine Shu. "Praava Health Raises $10.6M to Increase Access to Quality Healthcare in Bangladesh." [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Uddin, Md. Zia and Takeshi Mizunoya. 2020. "An Economic Analysis of the Proposed Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the Viewpoint of GHG Emission Reduction." Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science. Vol. 4. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2021]
United Nations (UN). [2021]. UN Population Fund (UNFPA). "Bangladesh Overview." [Accessed 30 Dec. 2021]
United Nations (UN). 2020. UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) Bangladesh. Bangladesh Education Fact Sheets 2020. [Accessed 1 Dec. 2021]
United States (US). 14 December 2021. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "Bangladesh." The World Factbook. [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
United States (US). 27 October 2021. Department of State, Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC). OSAC Country Security Report Bangladesh. [Accessed 1 Dec. 2021]
United States (US). 30 March 2021. Department of State. "Bangladesh." Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020. [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
United States (US). 24 June 2020. Department of State. Country Reports on Terrorism 2019. [Accessed 15 Dec. 2021]
World Bank. 15 September 2021. "Spatial Database Indicators - Dhaka Chittagong." [Accessed 17 Dec. 2021]
World Bank. 15 June 2021. "Unemployment, Total (% of Total Labor Force) (Modeled ILO Estimate) – Bangladesh." [Accessed 23 Dec. 2021]
World Bank. April 2021. Bangladesh Development Update. Moving Forward: Connectivity and Logistics to Strengthen Competitiveness. [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
World Bank. 21 May 2020. Wameq Azfar Raza, et al. Bangladesh – Chattogram Low Income Area Gender, Inclusion, and Poverty Survey 2019. [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
World Bank. 9 March 2020. Bangladesh: Dhaka Low Income Area Gender, Inclusion, and Poverty Survey 2018. [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
World Bank. 7 October 2019. Bangladesh Poverty Assessment: Facing Old and New Frontiers in Poverty Reduction. [Accessed 4 Jan. 2022]
World Bank. N.d.a. "Population, Male (% of Total Population) – Bangladesh." [Accessed 23 Dec. 2021]
World Bank. N.d.b. "Population, Female (% of Total Population) – Bangladesh." [Accessed 23 Dec. 2021]
Xu, Renee. 15 April 2019. "Housing the Urban Poor in Urbanizing Dhaka: Challenges of Access to Land." Synergy: The Journal of Contemporary Asian Studies. [Accessed 21 Dec. 2021]
Additional Sources Consulted
Oral sources: Ain o Salish Kendra; Bangladesh – Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Chattogram Metropolitan Police, Dhaka Metropolitan Police, National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh; Society for the Study of Peace and Conflict; UN – UNICEF; World Bank.
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https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chittagong_City_Corporation
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en
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Chittagong City Corporation
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http://en.banglapedia.org/images/5/59/ChittagongCityCorporation.jpg
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http://en.banglapedia.org/images/5/59/ChittagongCityCorporation.jpg
|
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[] | null |
en
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/images/favicon.ico
| null |
Chittagong City Corporation area 160.99 sq km, located in between 22°13' and 22°27' north latitudes and in between 91°40' and 91°53' east longitudes. It is bounded by sitakunda, hathazari and raozan upazilas on the north, anowara upazila on the south, Raozan and boalkhali upazilas on the east, Sitakunda upazila and bay of bengal on the west.
Population Total 2068082; male 1163676, female 904406.
Water bodies Main River: karnafuli.
Administration Chittagong Municipality was formed on 22 June 1863 and it was turned into Chittagong City Corporation on 31 July 1990.
City Corporation City Corporation Thana Word Mahalla 1 11+1 (Part) 31+20 (Part) 211
Thana City corporation thana and GO code Area (sq km) Ward Mahalla Population Density (per sq km) Literacy rate (%) Kotwali 41 7.68 8+3 (Part) 23 282975 36846 79.60 Khulshi 43 13.12 2+2 (Part) 45 243351 18548 60.30 Chandgoan 19 25.32 3 11 178390 7045 62.70 Double Mooring 28 8.12 4+4 (Part) 41 259181 31919 63.10 Patenga 65 22.34 2+1 (Part) 3 80448 6277 60.35 Panchlaish 57 8.30 1+2 (Part) 12 148120 17846 69.20 Pahartali 55 13.31 1+3 (Part) 14 127243 9560 67.30 Bandar 20 20.04 2+2 (Part) 11 213598 10659 72.60 Bakalia 10 12.33 3+1 (Part) 9 196877 15967 50.5 Bayejid Bostami 16 17.58 2 12 168051 9559 59.50 Halishahar 35 9.64 2+2 (Part) 26 125255 12993 62.40 Hathazari Upazila (Part) 3.21 1 4 44593 13891 61.76
Source Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
Chittagong City Corporation at a glance Municipality was formed 22 June 1863 First Elected Chairman of Municipality Khan Bahadur Abdus Sattar Municipal Corporation was formed 16 September 1982 Upgraded to City Corporation 31 July 1990 First Mayor (Selected) Mahmudul Islam Chowdhury First Elected Mayor ABM Mohiuddin Chowdhury Current Mayor Alhaj M. Manjur Alam Number of holding 36,97,000 Population 2068082 Wards 41 Ward commissioners 41 Reserved Seats for woman commissioners 14 Police Station 3 Foot Over Bridge 10 Markets 35 Park 3 Community Center 25 Gymnasium 2 Graveyard and Cemetery 5 Bus Terminals 2 Traffic signal 15
Source Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Field reports. [Tapan Palit]
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https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/where-will-elephants-go-1876174
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en
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Where will elephants go?
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] | null |
[
"Mostafa Yousuf"
] |
2020-03-04T00:00:00+06:00
|
Parveen Akther (45), a resident of Joistopura village under Boalkhali upazila in Chattogram, used to hardly experience elephant attacks. The fear of elephant attack has never been a part of daily life for her. But in the last five or six years, a herd of elephants have regularly scoured their village in search of food, in the process attacking people and damaging crops.
|
en
|
https://www.thedailystar.net/sites/all/themes/sloth/favicon.ico
|
The Daily Star
|
https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/where-will-elephants-go-1876174
|
Parveen Akther (45), a resident of Joistopura village under Boalkhali upazila in Chattogram, used to hardly experience elephant attacks. The fear of elephant attack has never been a part of daily life for her. But in the last five or six years, a herd of elephants have regularly scoured their village in search of food, in the process attacking people and damaging crops.
Now the constant fear of elephant attacks have gripped not only her but the whole village.
On November 24 last year, at least three people died in an elephant attack at Kodurkhil, a neighbouring village. Another person died in December in a similar kind of attack in Joistapura.
Parveen told The Daily Star that they never saw such frequent attacks before. They are afraid of stepping out in the evenings, as darkness makes it tough to locate a charging elephant's position.
Thousands of people are spending sleepless nights in various parts of six upazilas in Chattogram due to a sharp increase in elephant attacks. At least 10 people died in multiple attacks in the last four months at Rangunia, Boalkhali, Anwara, Bashkhali, Lohagora and Satkania upazilas.
According to the forest department, at least 88 elephants died from 2001 to 2019 in Cox's Bazar, Chattogram and three districts of the Hill Tracts combined. Around 50 people died in elephant attacks from 2010 to 2019.
Md Kamal Uddin (40), a resident of Sharaf Bhata union under Rangunia upazila, told The Daily Star that he did not see such frequent attacks even five years back.
"Every now and then, elephants attack our village and damage crops and claim people's lives," he said. An elderly person died in his village in January in such attack.
Abu Naser Md Yeasin Neyaz, divisional forest officer (nature conservation and wildlife) of Chattogram, said they formed nine elephant response teams comprising of 10 members each in the wake of repeated attacks.
The committee is actively working now at Anwara, Bashkhali and parts of Chakaria upazilas, he said, adding that they will form at least 30 such committees to reduce human-elephant conflict.
"Elephant response teams firstly try to understand the behaviour of elephants and then try to move them back to the forest, depending on their behavioral trend. The second task is to keep curious people outside of the range of elephants, so that no fatalities take place," he said.
Md Raquibul Amin, country director of International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN), told The Daily Star the extent of attacks have seen a sharp rise in recent years as forest area reduced and the elephants lost access to food.
Elephants hardly marauded across Rangunia and Anwara upazilas before, but in recent days elephant attacks in those areas became a common phenomenon, he said. It was necessary to look for the reason seriously, the IUCN country director added.
"Elephants need large habitats. As connectivity between habitats are shrinking due to various development work, they have few spaces left to roam, forcing them to swoop in on localities. Our development work must be elephant and wildlife friendly," he said.
IUCN classified the Asian elephant as an endangered species, with a population of 268 at present in Bangladesh.
Asked, elephant expert AHM Raihan Sarker, associate professor of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science at Chittagong University, said the habitats of elephants are getting destroyed in the name of development. Authorities often spurn the opinions of relevant experts in development planning, in the process costing forest areas and wildlife.
The correct methods of protecting forests are not followed properly, and results in people encroaching on forest land and shrinking the habitats of herbivores like elephants. Forest land is being leased out to many influential people in the locality, thus constricting the roaming space for elephants, he further added.
"We see the reluctance of policy makers in most cases when it comes to the conservation of nature and its wildlife. The politicians are not conscious enough. Those who advise them about development projects have their own interests. These are the bitter truth. That's why the issue of conserving nature does not get reflected in development planning," he added.
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http://chittagong.amardesh.com/
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en
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Chittagong District Information, Bangladesh
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http://districts.amardesh.com/districtinfo/locationmap/chittagong.png
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[
""
] | null |
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Containing Brief information about Chittagong disrict along with basic profile, history, economy, area, population, newspapers, rivers information of the district.
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favicon.ico
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http://chittagong.amardesh.com/
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http://www.citypopulation.de/en/bangladesh/admin/
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en
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Bangladesh: Administrative Division (Districts and Subdistricts)
|
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Bangladesh: Administrative Division (Districts and Subdistricts) with population statistics, charts and maps.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
Contents: Districts and Subdistricts
The population of the districts (zilas), subdistricts (upazilas) and city districts (thanas) of Bangladesh by census years.
The icon links to further information about a selected division including its population structure (gender).
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https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/infrastructure/legal-tangle-stuck-boring-machine-delay-south-ctgs-access-wasa-water
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en
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Legal tangle, stuck boring machine delay South Ctg’s access to Wasa water
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Jobaer Chowdhury"
] |
2024-06-24T11:20:00+06:00
|
A tunnel boring machine used to lay pipelines along the Karnaphuli riverbed got stuck onshore in October 2023. The machine was lodged 78 feet deep near the shore after excavating 202 metres of the 262-metre river crossing
|
en
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https://www.tbsnews.net/sites/all/themes/sloth/favicon.ico
|
The Business Standard
|
https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/infrastructure/legal-tangle-stuck-boring-machine-delay-south-ctgs-access-wasa-water
|
Residents and businesses in South Chattogram will have to wait at least six more months for access to Chattogram Wasa water due to a delay caused by a legal dispute and a mishap in the project undertaken to install the supply.
A tunnel boring machine used to lay pipelines along the Karnaphuli riverbed got stuck onshore in October 2023. The machine was lodged 78 feet deep near the shore after excavating 202 metres of the 262-metre river crossing.
The Bhandal-Juri Water Supply Project – aimed at bringing piped water to four upazilas outside the port city – was expected to be completed by June 2024. The upazilas are Anwara, Boalkhali, Patiya, and Karnaphuli.
The project, approved in 2015, experienced delays in its initial construction phase, starting in October 2020. Due to the extended timeline, the project's cost has also ballooned from its initial budget of Tk1,036.30 crore to Tk1,994.14 crore.
Of this, Tk1,224 crore has been financed by the Economic Development Cooperation Fund of the Korean Exim Bank, Tk750.14 crore by the Bangladesh government, and Tk20 crore by Chattogram Wasa.
Stuck machine and stalemate over a pond
The boring machine is currently stuck under the mosque of Ahediya Madrasa in Shikalbaha of Karnaphuli upazila. To remove the machine, the mosque was demolished with the promise of reconstruction. It all delayed the project by at least six months, according to officials involved with the work.
Additionally, a madrasa pond had to be filled to accommodate heavy machinery, with plans for re-excavation later.
While the permission to fill the pond was obtained from the Zilla Parishad, the madrasa authorities filed a case with a Chattogram court, claiming ownership of the pond, halting further progress on removing the boring machine.
Despite the setback, project officials are optimistic about resuming work.
Mohammad Mahabubul Alam, project director and supervising engineer of Chattogram Wasa, said, "Efforts are being made to continue the work by reaching an agreement between the two parties. The project deadline is being extended by one year, to June 2025."
As of March, the project was 90% physically complete and 81.54% financially. The project includes a water treatment plant, intake points, a network of pipelines, and reservoirs.
Increased water capacity and industrial benefits
Upon completion, the Bhandal-Juri project will significantly increase Chattogram Wasa's water production capacity by 12%, bringing it to 56 crore litres daily. Over 1.5 to 2 lakh people in the four upazilas will gain access to clean water through an estimated 15,000 new connections.
The project will also benefit industries in the Karnaphuli left bank, including the Korean Export Processing Zone, Chittagong Urea Fertiliser Limited, and Karnaphuli Fertiliser Company Limited, by providing a reliable source of water, particularly during the dry season when salinity levels in the Karnaphuli River rise.
Project Director Mohammad Mahabubul Alam said, "We hope to supply water by December of this year if the complications are resolved. We are currently accepting applications for consumer-level connections."
Chattogram Wasa Managing Director AKM Fazlullah told The Business Standard, "The project will reduce dependence on groundwater for people in the area. Various industrial establishments on the banks of the Karnaphuli will meet their necessary demand."
Chattogram Wasa currently has a total of 88,771 connections, with 82,642 residential and 6,129 commercial. Wasa water has yet to reach about 40% of the city's population.
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https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/local-news/2z7gyvi3h9
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en
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Less than 10pc votes cast in 75 centres
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Awami League",
"Election commission",
"Chattogram",
"By-poll",
"Election",
"Exclusive"
] | null |
[
"Pranab Baul"
] |
2023-04-29T11:37:45+06:00
|
Ruling Awami League's electoral symbol 'Boat' received 61 votes while National Peoples' Party (NPP) candidate Kamal Pasha got one vote. The percentage of votes is 1.69
|
en
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/en-favicons/favicon-16x16.png
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Prothomalo
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https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/local-news/2z7gyvi3h9
|
There are 3663 voters registered under Hamidchar Govt Primary School centre, which is a dedicated centre for female voters, at Chandgaon of Chattogram town.
A mere 62 votes were cast at the centre from 8:00am to 4:00pm.
Ruling Awami League's electoral symbol 'boat' received 61 votes while National Peoples' Party (NPP) candidate Kamal Pasha got one vote. The percentage of votes is 1.69.
At the AL Khan High School in Mohra area, which is another polling centre dedicated for female voters, only 1.88 per cent of votes were cast.
There are 2,924 voters in this centre and only 55 votes were cast.
These are the two centres with the least number of votes cast in the by-elections of Chattogram-8 (Boalkhali-Chandgaon).
Two to five per cent of votes were cast in 21 centres while over five per cent but below ten per cent of votes were cast in 52 polling stations.
As per estimation, less than 10 per cent of votes have been cast in 75 centres.
An analysis done on the results of centre-based votes cast in the by-election held on Thursday gives out this picture.
However, the election commission estimated the casting of votes was 14.55 per cent as a total of 75,305 votes were cast in all voting centres.
Except for the law enforcing agencies, the election commission has spent about Tk 25 million for holding this election. The expenditures include honorarium for election officials, training, vehicle costs and EVM.
The constituency, which comprises five wards of Chattogram city and Boalkhali upazila, fell vacant after the death of MP Moslemuddin Ahmed on 5 February.
Five candidates contested the election. Awami League candidate Noman Al Mahmud won the election bagging 67,205 votes. Four candidates lost their deposit.
Of 3,320 votes, only 92 voters cast their votes at CDA Public School and College, a centre for women's voters.
Standing for two hours in front of this centre on the election day, Thursday, it was seen that the presence of voters was thin. However, a large number of leaders and activists were present outside the centre throughout the day. The casting of votes in this centre is 2.77 per cent.
Speaking to Prothom Alo, presiding officer Sumon Kumar Dey said a total of 10 votes were cast in the first two hours and the total vote cast stands at 92.
The low turnout centres are at Chandgaon and Panchlaish thana area.
About the matter, Chandgaon ward councillor Md Esrarul Alam said, "There are many RMG workers in my area. They have not returned yet. Moreover, women voters are reluctant to cast votes. There was low turnout of voters as the contesting candidate was weak."
Of 190 candidates, a total of 45,462 votes were cast in 78 centres. The voting rate was over 24 per cent. A total of 29,843 votes, that is 9 per cent, were cast in 112 centres in the city.
Awami League-nominated candidate's chief election agent and city unit Awami League general secretary AJM Nasir Uddin said there are several reasons for low turnout of voters in the city. One reason is people have little interest in the by-election. Another reason is many people have not returned after the Eid holiday. Many floating people have changed their addresses.
Of five candidates, four lost deposits in the election. The nearest candidate was Islami Front's Shehab Uddin Muhammad Abdus Samad (symbol Candle). He got 5,087 votes. Deposit is lost if a candidate does not get one-eighth of cast votes in the election.
As per the estimation, Islamic Front's SM Farid Uddin (electoral symbol), NPP candidate Kamal Pasha (Mango) and independent candidate Ramzan Ali (Ektara) lost deposit.
About the matter, Shehab Uddin Muhammad Adbus Samad said, "This is an unacceptable election. Votes were cast grabbing the voting centres. Their supporters were in the secret booths. Two to three per cent of votes have been cast in the city while at best 7 per cent of votes have been cast in the villages. But it is estimated that 14 per cent of votes have been cast. How so many voters were estimated?"
About the allegation, returning officer Muhammad Hasanuzzaman said, "We did not notice people in the secret rooms. However, the turnout of voters was low. In the by-election of the same constituency in 2020, the turnout of voters was 22 per cent."
When asked about the low turnout of voters, Shushashoner Jonno Nagorik secretary Badiul Alam Majumdar said democracy is the consent of the people. Some 14 per cent of voters have given their consent while 86 per cent of voters expressed their no-confidence.
This shows no confidence in the electoral process and related institutions, Badiul Alam said adding a change has to be carried out in the electoral process for establishing a constitutional rights in the true sense.
*This report, originally published in Prothom Alo print and online editions, has been rewritten in English by Rabiul Islam.
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Grain size analysis report on karnaphuli river bank sediments. md. yousuf gazi
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Grain size analysis report on karnaphuli river bank sediments. md. yousuf gazi - Download as a PDF or view online for free
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1. “Grain size analysis report on Karnaphuli river bank sediments” Md. Yousuf Gazi Department of Geology University of Dhaka 1st year student
2. Geological Background: Sitapahar structure It lies east of the Patiya and the west of the Gilasari and the Belasari structures. On the north of the Sitapahar anticline, Changotaung anticline is situated while bandarban anticline is located on the south. The Sitapahar anticline is a N20°W-S20°E trending structure plunging 6° in S18°E. The structure is about 40 km in length. Its steeper western flank is overturned in some places.The Karnafuli river is the main channel of the drainage system in the area. The courses of most of the important tributaries are parallel to the main range trending NNW-SSE and appear to be controlled by structural trend of the area. One of the most significant geomorphological features of the area is the course of SILCHHARI stream along the anticlinal axis. The stream is following the anticlinal valley and this type of valley is developed if comparatively weaker rocks are exposed along the axis. [Sifatul Quader Chowdhury]. A considerable thickness of clastic sediments of Miocene age is exposed on the western flank of Sitapahar Hill Range at Kaptai under the district of Rangamati in Bangladesh. So Kaptai is one of the most important places from the geological point of view. A comprehensive study was undertaken in that area in multidiscipline of geology within a short span of time. Hence, this article includes the gist of the overall geology of Kaptai region; particularly of Sitapahar anticline, where multidisciplinary approaches like geomorphology, stratigraphy, structural geology, and to some extent tectonic behavior of that area are incorporated. The tectonic evolution of this region ranges from Cretaceous through Tertiary to Quaternary. The study area comprises a continuous succession of sandstone, silt stone, and shale. The rock sections are divided into three lithostratigraphic units, mainly on the basis of gross lithology. These units are equivalent to upper Bhuban, Bokabil, and Alluvium Formations. Due to the absence of paleontological records in the area, actual age determination of the rocks was not possible. However, from correlation, it is found that the rocks are of Miocene age. Sandstone, silt stone, and shale of this area are being used for different purposes, which have got economic importance to some extent. The region is supposed to contain oil and gas as some of their traces were found. Hence detail exploration should be accomplished immediately.
3. Population: The total population is 5,08,182 according to 2005 census of which tribal 52% and non-tribal 48%. The number of males is 2,87,060 and the females are 2,38,043 (Census 2001). The density of population is 83 per square kilometer (Census 2001). The number of household is 1,03,974 having the household size 4.8 (Census 2001). The total population is divided into Bangalees and eleven tribes (ethnic minorities):Chakma, Marma, Tanchangya, Tripura, Pankua, Lushai, Khiang, Murang, Rakhain, Chak, Bowm,Khumi. Tribal population : (as per census of 2005 ): Chakma-1,86,395, Marma-44,727, Tanchanga- 18,607, Tripura-6,697, Pankho- 2,118, Bowm-1,053, khyang- 791, Lusai- 217, Chak- 177, Rakhain-70, Khumi- 50, Gurkha-03, Etc.-174. As per 1991 census, the religious breakup of the population of the district were: Buddhist 53.83%,Muslim 39.28%, Hindu 5.62% and Christian 1.12%. Religious institutions Pagoda 1230, Mosque 1059, Temple 65, Church 16. Genderwise, male constituted 53.59% and female constituted 46.41% of the population.
4. Geography: Rangamati is located in the Chittagong Division. It is bordered by the Tripura state of India to the north, Bandarban District to the south,Mizoram State of India and Chin State of Myanmar to the east, and Khagrachari and Chittagong Districts to the west. The area of the district is 6116 km2 of which 1292 km2 is riverine and 4825 km2 is under forest vegetation. Climate: It is highly difficult, if not impossible, to forecast what the weather will be like at a certain time in a very precise place. And yet, all travellers would like to know in advance the climate conditions in order to organize their future trip. Average temperatures or rainfall can help you to get a good idea of the issue. The temperatures mentioned hereafter are expressed in degrees Celsius and represent the monthly averages observed over a great number of years.
5. Drainage and Streams The Karnafuli The principal river of the region. It originates in the Lushai Hills of Mizoram (India), flows through Rangamati and the port city of Chittagong and discharges into the Bay of Bengal near Patenga. A number of STREAMS flow upstream of Rangamati. The streams are: one originating near Thekamukh in Mizoram-Bangladesh border flowing through Harina, BARKAL and Sublong; one originating at Marishwa through Myanmukh and Langadu till reaching Subhalong; one flowing through Dangumura to Myanmukh; and one flowing through Mahalchhari to Rangamati. The streams meet near Rangamati and their combined flow is known as Karnafuli. The river is flashy and its length is about 131 km. Rainkhiang, Sublong, Thega, Kasalong, Ichamati and Halda are its main tributaries. Its major distributaries are Saylok' and Boalkhali. The only hydropower station of the country was built by constructing a DAM on this river at KAPTAI. The Karnafuli is navigable at Barkal and Kaptai but above Barkal it is shallow. With the construction of the Kaptai dam, this river has been blocked, and a large artificial lake has been created, and the bed of the river has also been much widened. This man-made lake provides a network of all-weather navigable routes in the area. Downstream of the dam the Karnafuli receives very little water in the dry season. The opening of the sluice gates of the dam creates water movement from the lake downstream. The river finally discharges into the Bay of Bengal. The port city of Chittagong is situated at the mouth of the river. BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) collects water level data through its 3 hydrometric stations located at Kodala, Chittagong and Patenga.
6. Culture: The area is sparsely populated and presents and interesting disparity with thegeneral demographic picture in Rangamati. The people live on the top of the hillsand also on foot of the hills. The life is very hard in the investigated area as themajor part of the population of the area live mostly along the foot hills and most ofthe tribal people live on the hilly region.Total population of the Rangamati district is about 400000. Population density isabout 6000 per sq. km. Most of the people are poor and maintain their lives byhandicrafts and also cutting woods. Vegetation The investigated area is covered by forest with evergreen vegetation, which is dueto the good and suitable climatic condition of this region. Throughout the field area bushes are abundant with some fruit trees like mango, jackfruit, guava are alsonumerous. Besides these tall trees like Garjan, Jarul, Shal, Shegun etc are notuncommon. The major agricultural activity of this area is shifting cultivation, theyalso grow pineapple, ginger, turmeric etc. It is preferred in high steep hill ranges where pineapples, ginger, turmeric etc. in lowhill ranges. Both Sedentary and Jhuming cultivations are practiced here.
7. Tectonics The Sitapahar anticline is the most prominent structure of the investigated area which axis is trending NNW-SSE direction along the main structure of the Chittagong – Tripura Folded Belt (CTFB). This doubly plunging anticlinal structure is about 400km long and 12-15 km wide and major part of the western flank is steeper than the eastern flank. The western flank dips in an angle ranging from 400 to 850and the eastern flank shows dip ranging from 4-85◦ which indicate that the anticline is an asymmetric anticline. From the attitude of the beds the anticline is suspected as a plunging anticline. A regional fault is believed to run along the axis of the structure which trend is North direction. The eastern side of the fault is acted as foot wall and the western part acts as a hanging wall which indicate the presence of reserve fault at ManikChari (Ferdouse 1999) which is at a few kilometer east of Ghagra. A normal faultis found at Sundari Chara.
8. Stratigraphy: The exposed Neogene succession represents an overall basinward progradationfrom deep marine through shallow marine to continental fluvialenvironments.Based on regionally correlatable erosion surfaces the entire succession (3000+ mthick) has been grouped into three composite sequences C, B and A, from oldest toyoungest. (1) Unit C (lower unit, 71 m thick) is characterized by several thin packets of turbidites and slumped beds contained within a muddy sequence. Theunit is thought to have been deposited in a setting not far basinward from the base-of-slope. (2) Unit B (middle unit, 291 m thick) is a monotonous muddy slopedeposit that contains some localized zones of very thin-bedded turbidites. (3) UnitA (upper unit, 208 m thick) represents the progradation of the first shoreface sand body on a 176-m-thick shelfal mud. Detailed bed by bed measurements have beencarried out in all these units. A general litho-stratigraphic column of the lower partof the Surma Group exposed in the Sitapahar anticline have been given in Fig 8.On the basis of the overall regional tectonic setting discussed in Section 2, it isassumed that the trend of paleo-coastline in the CTFB was oriented north – south. Alam (1995) documented a similar paleo-coastline trend from paleocurrent analysisof the Surma Group in the Sitapahar Anticline. The measured current directionsrepresent landward (eastward) and basinward (westward) directions
9. Course of Karnaphuli River: It has possibly maintained its older course keeping pace with the uplift of the hill ranges and can be classified as an antecedent river. The Karnafuli is narrow and straight from Prankiang towaggachhari along Kaptai-Chandraghona road. The straightness of the river is probably due to a fault, which controlled the channel from Prankiang to Wagga. The main tributaries of the Karnafuli are the kasalong, Chengi, halda and Dhurung on the right and the Subalong, Kaptai, Rinkeong and Thega on the left.Flowing to the west through rangunia upazila and then keepingraozan upazila on the north and boalkhali upazila on the south, it receives the waters of the Halda river at Kalurghat just above the railway bridge. There is a legend about the naming of the Karnafuli river. It says an Arakanese princess who fell in love with a tribal prince of Chittagong was once enjoying a moonlit boatride on the river with the prince. While admiring the reflection of the moon dancing on the rippled water surface, the princess inclined slightly and a flower tucked in the hair over her ear by the prince suddenly fell into the river. The princess was grief-stricken at losing the flower, which she held very dear as a present from her charming prince. She immediately jumped into the river to retrieve the flower but could not. Instead she was carried away by the fast-flowing current and vanished in the river. The prince dived into the river to rescue the princess but in vain. Out of sorrow he drowned himself in the river to unite with the princess after death. This tragedy gave the river its name Karnafuli from the word 'karnaful' meaning 'flower adorning the ear'. The river is known to the Marma tribe as the Kynsa Khyong. Water Chemistry: The river Karnafully is one of the Himalayan River originating from the Lushai Hills in India. The catchments of the Karnafully and its allied streams cover 5,500 (14,000 sq km) square miles. Water samples were collected from Karnafully River along different points and analyzed for various physiochemical parameters during winter. Effects of industrial wastes, municipality sewage and agricultural runoff on the river water were investigated. The study was conducted between the Kaloorghat Bridge and Patenga estuary including Chittagong port. This is the most polluted area due to the presence of many chemical fertilizers, iron, leather and pharmaceutical industries. All these industries discharge their untreated toxic waste water directly into the river Karnafully. The study involved determination of physical and chemical parameters of surface water at different points. The mean values of water temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, electric conductivity and total alkalinity were 23°C, 365.87 mg/L, 8018.8, 8518.33 mg/L, 31.54 FTU, 1.55 mg/L, 6.65 mg/L, 13961 μs/cm, 247.47 mg/L, 560.27 mg/L and 4.8 mg/L respectively.
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Population Census 1991
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https://www.newsflare.com/video/580996/kalurghat-bridge-in-chittagong-is-closed-people-are-suffering-a-lot-while-crossing-the-river
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Kalurghat Bridge in Chittagong is closed, People are suffering a lot while crossing the river.
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Kalurghat Bridge in Chittagong is closed, People are suffering a lot while crossing the river. - Stock Videos on Newsflare.
|
en
|
Newsflare
|
https://www.newsflare.com/video/580996/kalurghat-bridge-in-chittagong-is-closed-people-are-suffering-a-lot-while-crossing-the-river
|
You can only have one active bundle against your account at one time.
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5488
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dbpedia
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https://www.historylink.org/File/8136
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en
|
Classes begin at Whitworth College in Spokane on September 23, 1914.
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On September 23, 1914, classes begin at Whitworth College in Spokane. At the instigation of Eastern Washington church leaders and Spokane railroad tycoon and developer Jay P. Graves (1859-1948) and o
|
/Content/i/favicon.png
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https://www.historylink.org/File/8136
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On September 23, 1914, classes begin at Whitworth College in Spokane. At the instigation of Eastern Washington church leaders and Spokane railroad tycoon and developer Jay P. Graves (1859-1948) and others, the coeducational Presbyterian college is relocated from Tacoma to land Graves has donated just north of Spokane. Two distinguished new buildings housing classrooms and dormitories welcome the 40 opening-day college-level students plus seven preparatory and five unclassified students. Spokane will take Whitworth under its wing, with church, civic, and business leaders becoming trustees and donors. Unlike many church-related colleges, Whitworth will retain strong ties to its founding denomination.
George Whitworth's Legacy
The move to Spokane was the second relocation for Whitworth College, founded originally as Sumner Academy by George F. Whitworth (1816-1907) in 1883 in Sumner, Washington. In 1890 it became a college and in 1899 moved to Tacoma. There it thrived until diminishing community support and competition from nascent Pacific Lutheran University and the University of Puget Sound for students and funds caused Whitworth trustees to seek a new location.
They stipulated that, in addition to donated land, relocation to Spokane would require $100,000 for initial buildings, with the community raising $70,000 and the Presbyterian Church $30,000. The effort was successful, and soon after the opening of Whitworth in Spokane, President Donald D. MacKay, the college trustees, the Presbyterian Church, and Spokane backers launched an ambitious campaign for new buildings and an endowment.
War Years and After
During the pre-World War I Spokane years, enrollment almost doubled, facilities expanded, and Whitworth College provided its student body with a sound academic environment, a varied social life, and a strong athletic program. In addition to the liberal arts and sciences, the curriculum required Bible and theology courses, as well as daily chapel. Though it is now surrounded by suburban development, in those days the Whitworth campus was truly rural. While this isolation limited contact with the city of Spokane, it “seemed to encourage a deeper sense of family” with close comradeship among students and between students and faculty. (Soden, 43)
World War I put an end to Whitworth’s prosperity. In fact the college soon experienced such financial difficulties that it closed for the 1918-1919 academic year, renting the campus facilities to the U.S. Army Tractor School. Fortunately, the post-war era brought a renewed and enduring vigor to the school. At present (2007) Whitworth College has an enrollment of 2,400 undergraduate and graduate students attending classes on its 200-acre pine-studded campus. It will designate itself a university in July 2007.
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https://www.collegeconfidential.com/colleges/whitworth-university/
|
en
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Whitworth University
|
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Whitworth University Data, Ratings and Rankings
|
en
|
https://a.collegeconfidential.com/images/favicon.ico
|
College Confidential
|
https://www.collegeconfidential.com/colleges/whitworth-university/
|
Whitworth University is a private, religious university in the suburb of Spokane, Washington. Whitworth University was founded in 1890. The college currently enrolls around 2,417 students per year, including 2,046 undergraduates.
2022 Acceptance Rate for Whitworth University
It is moderately difficult to get into Whitworth University. Whitworth University admitted 91% of all applicants in 2022. In 2022, 4,126 students applied to Whitworth University and 3,735 were admitted.
Whitworth University Admissions Facts At-A-Glance Overall Acceptance Rate 91% Early Decision Acceptance Rate ED not offered Early Action Acceptance Rate 93% Average GPA 3.7 Test Optional Yes Applicants Submitting ACT scores 93% Applicants Submitting SAT scores 30%
Click below to find out more about the admissions requirements and deadlines, student life, academics, majors and more.
Admissions
Student Life
Academics
Tuition & Aid
Whitworth University Community Forums
Save Whitworth University To Your College List
Click the heart icon in the top left to save Whitworth University to the list of schools you're interested in applying to.
Interested In Colleges and Universities in Washington?
See a full list of colleges in Washington and save your favorites to your college list.
Whitworth University Campus Tours
Whitworth University is located in the town of Spokane, Washington, near Spokane Metropolitan Area.
If you would like to see Whitworth University for yourself, be sure to plan a visit! The best way to reach campus is to take Interstate 90 to Spokane, or book a flight to the nearest airport, Spokane International.
|
||||
5488
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dbpedia
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3
| 16
|
https://www.nationalapplicationcenter.com/gotocollege/campustour/undergraduate/5532/Whitworth_University/Whitworth_University1.html
|
en
|
National Application Center :: campus tours :: Whitworth University key facts
|
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Whitworth University at a glance, key facts, admissions, academics, costs, financial aid, student life, transfer students, international students, contact information, pictures, and movies.
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Thank you for visiting NationalApplicationCenter.com.
If you are seeing this message, you are doing so for one of several reasons:
You are using a text based browser
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5488
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https://www.4icu.org/maps/us/6840-whitworth-university/
|
en
|
Whitworth University location and maps
|
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Find out where Whitworth University is located and see it in a map, by satellite and at street view.
|
en
| null |
Whitworth University Satellite View
uniRank publishes below, if available, the Google Satellite View of Whitworth University's main campus location; feel free to zoom in or out to better appraise the top view of the Whitworth University's location as well as its buildings design, scale and neighborhood:
Whitworth University Street View
uniRank publishes below, if available, the Google Street View of Whitworth University's main campus location; feel free to wander around the campus location to get a feeling of the place:
|
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5488
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dbpedia
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0
| 55
|
https://issuu.com/whitworth/docs/campus-map-brochure-2022-23
|
en
|
Whitworth Admissions Campus Map Brochure: 2022-23
|
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2022-08-23T00:00:00+00:00
|
Read Whitworth Admissions Campus Map Brochure: 2022-23 by Whitworth University on Issuu and browse thousands of other publications on our platform....
|
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|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/whitworth/docs/campus-map-brochure-2022-23
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
|
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5488
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3
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https://www.appily.com/colleges/whitworth-university/reviews
|
en
|
Whitworth University Reviews
|
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Reviews for Whitworth University - find Whitworth University student reviews at Appily and research whether Whitworth University is right for you.
|
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https://www.appily.com/colleges/whitworth-university/reviews
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Am learning a lot
Am enjoying being here
Bang for the buck
Tips for prospective students
Great for these types of students
Am learning a lot
Am enjoying being here
Bang for the buck
Tips for prospective students
Great for these types of students
In three sentences
Tips for prospective students
Academic Rigor
Dorm Life
Food and Dining
What to do for fun
Bang for the buck
Share any unusual traditions or locations on campus
Great for these types of students
Clubs and Activities
Greek Life
Campus Safety
In three sentences
Tips for prospective students
Academic Rigor
Dorm Life
Food and Dining
What to do for fun
Bang for the buck
Share any unusual traditions or locations on campus
Greek Life
Campus Safety
In three sentences
Tips for prospective students
Academic Rigor
Dorm Life
Food and Dining
What to do for fun
Bang for the buck
Share any unusual traditions or locations on campus
Great for these types of students
Clubs and Activities
Greek Life
Campus Safety
Am learning a lot
Am enjoying being here
Bang for the buck
Tips for prospective students
Great for these types of students
|
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5488
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dbpedia
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https://www.collegeconfidential.com/colleges/WA/
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en
|
Discover Washington Colleges and Universities
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
See a list of colleges in Washington , plus FAQs and real-talk advice about VA schools - all on College Confidential.
|
en
|
https://a.collegeconfidential.com/images/favicon.ico
|
College Confidential
|
https://www.collegeconfidential.com/colleges/WA/
|
Washington state has 43 public colleges and universities and 25 private colleges and universities. In 2020, 373260 students were enrolled in WA's 68 colleges and universities.
Considering going to college in Washington?
|
||||
5488
|
dbpedia
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0
| 79
|
https://www.4icu.org/reviews/6840.htm
|
en
|
Whitworth University Ranking & Overview 2024
|
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[
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[] | null |
2024 Whitworth University ranking & overview including study areas, degrees, programs & courses, tuition, admission, acceptance rate, accreditation & more.
|
en
|
https://www.4icu.org/reviews/6840.htm
|
Established in 1890, the Whitworth University is a non-profit private higher education institution located in the suburban setting of the small city of Spokane (population range of 50,000-249,999 inhabitants), Washington. Officially accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities, Whitworth University is a small-sized (uniRank enrollment range: 2,000-2,999 students) coeducational US higher education institution formally affiliated with the Christian-Presbyterian religion. Whitworth University offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor's degrees and master's degrees in several areas of study. See the uniRank degree levels and areas of study table below for further details. This 134-year-old US higher-education institution has a selective admission policy based on entrance examinations and students' past academic records and grades. The acceptance rate range is 90-99% making this US higher education organization a least selective institution. International applicants are eligible to apply for enrollment. Whitworth University also provides several academic and non-academic facilities and services to students including a library, housing, sports facilities, financial aids and/or scholarships, study abroad and exchange programs, online courses and distance learning opportunities, as well as administrative services.
Gender Admission
This institution admits Men and Women (coed).
Admission Selection
Has Whitworth University a selective admission policy? Yes, based on entrance examinations and students' past academic records and grades.
Admission Rate
Whitworth University's acceptance rate range is 90-99% making this institution a least selective higher education institution.
Student Enrollment
Whitworth University has an enrollment range of 2,000-2,999 students making it a small-sized institution.
Academic Staff
This institution has a range of 100-199 academic employees (Faculty).
Control Type
Whitworth University is a private higher education institution.
Entity Type
Whitworth University is a non-profit higher education institution.
Financial Aid
This institution offers one or more of the following financial aid for eligible students: scholarships, grants, loans, tuition waivers, emergency financial aid etc.
Study Abroad
This institution offers study abroad and exchange program opportunities for its students.
Distance Learning
This institution provides a distance learning mode for certain programs or courses.
In particular, this institution offers some courses via distance education at the undergraduate level and at the graduate level. Source: IPDES.
Academic Counseling
This institution offers students academic guidance and support to assist them in their academic pursuits.
Career Services
This institution offers career counseling, career assessments, job and internship postings, career events, alumni networking or other career-related services to assist students transition successfully from academic life to professional life.
|
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5488
|
dbpedia
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0
| 5
|
https://search.isepstudyabroad.org/University/Detail/f1537a16-145c-40a6-ad37-26c2a6ea6687
|
en
|
Whitworth University – ISEP Study Abroad
|
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[] |
[
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[] | null |
<p>Whitworth University is a private, liberal arts institution located in Spokane, Washington on a 200-acre campus of red-brick buildings and tall pin...
|
en
|
/Content/icons/apple-icon-57x57.png
|
Whitworth University – ISEP Study Abroad
|
https://search.isepstudyabroad.org//University/Detail/f1537a16-145c-40a6-ad37-26c2a6ea6687
|
Whitworth's campus of first-rate facilities and tall pines offers a beautiful, friendly and secure environment for exploring academic life and American culture. Students can enjoy a championship-winning athletics program, more than 40 clubs, and numerous opportunities to get involved. Whitworth has a thriving international club, which plans activities and excursions throughout the year and hosts a spectacular banquet each November. About 65 percent of Whitworth’s students live on campus.
The university is located in the greater metropolitan area of Spokane, which is the largest city between Minneapolis and Seattle and the hub of the Inland Northwest region. Spokane offers an ideal climate, an active downtown, nearby mountains featuring ski resorts and summer water sports, a friendly atmosphere and thriving community life. If you study for a full academic year, or during the university's January term, it is possible to take skiing, snowboarding and ice skating for course credit. Athletic facilities are available for use free of charge to ISEP students.
Peer mentors are available to ISEP students during the international student orientation period.
|
||||
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| 94
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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/whitworth-university-campus-scene--438960294912785638/
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2016-06-01T20:25:02+00:00
|
Explore Whitworth University's 2980 photos on Flickr!
|
en
|
Pinterest
|
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/whitworth-university-campus-scene--117164027792510677/
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https://www.arborday.org/programs/tree-campus-higher-education/
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en
|
Tree Campus Higher Education at arborday.org
|
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[] | null |
They’re our national forests, and they connect us to nature, but now it’s our turn to help replant these natural resources, which have been devastated by fire and disease.
| null |
Tree Campus Higher Education Standards
Your college campus can receive annual Tree Campus Higher Education recognition by meeting five standards. Two- and four-year accredited colleges and universities meeting these standards will receive recognition materials to showcase their dedication to the campus environment.
Standard 1 - Campus Tree Advisory Committee
A Campus Tree Advisory Committee comprised of members representing the diverse audience of those with a stake in campus trees is established and meets regularly.
This committee must include a representative from each of the following audience:
Student (undergraduate or graduate).
Faculty.
Facility Management.
Community - for example - city forester, municipal arborist, community tree board member.
Each individual campus may also have other interested student organizations, alumni, faculty, or staff that could be represented such as administration, sustainability coordinator, professor emeritus, etc.
While responsibility of the campus trees often ultimately lies with the campus forester, arborist, landscape architect, or designated facilities department, the Campus Tree Advisory Committee can assist in providing guidance for future planning, approval of a comprehensive campus tree plan, education of the campus population as to the benefits of the campus trees, and development of connectivity to the community.
Standard 2 - Campus Tree Care Plan
A Campus Tree Care Plan should be flexible enough to fit the needs and circumstances of the particular campus. The Tree Care Plan should be goal oriented and provide the opportunity to set good policy and clear guidance for planting, maintaining, and removing trees. It also provides education to the campus community, citizens, contractors, and consultants about the importance of the campus forest and the protection and maintenance of trees as part of the growth and land development process.
A Campus Tree Care Plan must include:
Clearly stated purpose.
Responsible authority/department - who enforces the Campus Tree Care Plan.
Establishment of a Campus Tree Advisory Committee, terms of the representatives, and role committee plays.
Campus tree care policies for planting, landscaping, maintenance and removal including establishing and updating a list of recommended and prohibited species; managing for catastrophic events.
Protection and Preservation policies and procedures - include process for implementing tree protection plan including step-by-step process that every project must follow including construction and trenching.
Goals and Targets - develop at least one goal and target for your Campus Tree Plan. These could include (but are not limited to) tree canopy target, development of a link between the Campus Tree Plan and other green initiatives on campus or in the community; completion of a campus-wide tree inventory, etc. Include how the goal will be measured.
Tree damage assessment - enforcement, penalties, and appeals.
Prohibited practices.
Definitions of terminology related to campus trees.
Communication strategy - how the campus tree care plan will be communicated to the college community and contractors to heighten awareness about policies and procedures as well as the goals of the institution.
Virginia Tech has an excellent example of a comprehensive Campus Tree Care Plan. You may download their Tree Care Plan below.
Virginia Tech’s Campus Tree Care Plan
Standard 3 - Campus Tree Program with Dedicated Annual Expenditures
A college campus, to be designated a Tree Campus Higher Education campus, must allocate finances for its annual campus tree program. Evidence should be shown that an annual work plan has been established and expenditures dedicated towards that work plan.
It is suggested, but not mandatory, that campuses work towards an annual expenditure of $3 per full-time enrolled student.
Expenditures could include, but are not limited to:
Cost of trees purchased
Labor, equipment and supplies for tree planting, maintenance (pruning, watering, fertilization, mulching, competition control, etc.) and removal, if needed
Value of volunteer labor and other contributions from student or civic organizations
Staff time dedicated to campus forest planning, tree care contractors
All associated costs of the campus tree management including:
public education related to the campus forest;
professional training;
related association memberships (International Society of Arboriculture and local chapter, Urban and Community Forestry Society, state urban forest council, etc.);
campus tree inventory
Standard 4 - Arbor Day Observance
An Arbor Day observance provides a golden opportunity to educate the campus community on the benefits of the trees on their campus property and in the community. The Arbor Day observance can be on the campus or held in conjunction with the community where the campus is located. Your observance may be held at an appropriate time for your campus as long as it is related to trees in some way.
Evidence—recording of the date the observance was held with attachment that includes program of activities, news coverage, and/or pictures—will be required when submitting your application.
Click here for free materials to help you promote your Arbor Day observance.
Standard 5 - Service Learning Project
The Service Learning Project should be an outreach of the spirit of the Tree Campus Higher Education initiative. This project should provide an opportunity to engage the student population with projects related to trees and can be part of a campus or community initiative. The project must be done within the course of the year application is submitted.
Project ideas include, but are not limited to:
|
|||||||
5488
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 82
|
https://visitbrookhavenms.com/whitworth-college/
|
en
|
Visit Brookhaven Mississippi
|
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[
"rmadmin"
] |
2019-12-20T13:05:32-06:00
|
Merry Christmas!
|
en
|
Visit Brookhaven Mississippi
|
https://visitbrookhavenms.com/brookhavenchristmas/
|
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Merry Christmas!
This time of year is the perfect time to reflect on how beautiful the town of Brookhaven is with all of the gorgeous Christmas lights. It sure is something to see our town decked out in its holiday finest. We hope you will take a stroll in downtown and take the opportunity to see the Christmas lights highlighting the beauty of Brookhaven. We are truly grateful for an awesome town full of beauty.
Coming through Brookhaven this Holiday? Don’t forget about our wonderful local shops and delicious restaurants that are sure to help you enjoy your time in Brookhaven. Check out our website if you need ideas for places to eat, stay or play while in town.
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. May this Christmas find you surrounded by those you Love, filled with a lot of fun and cheer!
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| 74
|
https://www.gonzaga.edu/school-of-law/admission/why-gonzaga-law/about-spokane/live-here
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en
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Live Here | Gonzaga University School of Law | gonzaga.edu/law
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Come and experience the Inland Pacific Northwest. Not only is Spokane Gonzaga's home, it is a vital and dynamic part of the University's character.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
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https://www.gonzaga.edu/school-of-law/admission/why-gonzaga-law/about-spokane/live-here
|
The University District
The Gonzaga Campus lies at the heart of Spokane’s growing University District. Washington State University, Eastern Washington University, Whitworth University, and the Community Colleges of Spokane also have facilities here.
Downtown Spokane
Punctuated by an urban river gorge, Downtown is where city life and nature’s brilliance live side by side. Walk through the city’s core, distinguished by historic buildings, before taking in the mightiness of the Spokane Falls, all located right in the heart of the city.
Browne's Addition
It’s Spokane’s oldest neighborhood. Browne’s Addition is a fine example of Spokane history and the result of some of the city’s earliest visionaries. Filled with stately Victorian mansions, small Arts & Crafts bungalows and mid-century apartment buildings, this neighborhood is now an energetic, artistic and eclectic area to experience.
Kendall Yards
Kendall Yards is Spokane’s premier urban neighborhood, featuring scenic views, diverse businesses, quality homes and walkable streets. Just a five-minute stroll along the Centennial Trail from downtown, explore the wild beauty of the Spokane River Gorge and some of the area’s best local restaurants.
South Perry District
The Perry District has become its own thriving community within the greater sphere of Spokane. Once abandoned buildings are now filled with sound and life. New growth and development make it a perfect mix of new and old for any traveler to experience.
Garland District
Tucked on Spokane’s Northside, the Garland District is where culture meets history. A walkable neighborhood, the Garland District is where visitors can explore art galleries and antique shops while stopping in at record and bookstores all under the shadow of the some of the city’s beloved landmarks.
|
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5488
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dbpedia
|
0
| 38
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https://www.ncsasports.org/athletic-scholarships/womens-volleyball/washington/whitworth-university
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en
|
Whitworth University Women's Volleyball Scholarships Guide
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[] | null |
Get information on the Whitworth University Women's Volleyball program and athletic scholarship opportunities in the NCSA student athlete portal.
|
en
|
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|
https://www.ncsasports.org/athletic-scholarships/womens-volleyball/washington/whitworth-university
|
Welcome to the Whitworth University Women's Volleyball scholarship and program info page. Here you'll have access to information about the school and details on their Women's Volleyball program like who to contact about recruiting, names of past alumni, what scholarship opportunities are presented ... and ways to start the recruiting process. If you are trying to get recruited it is critical to know who to talk to and NCSA has the details you'll need. Key Women's Volleyball personnel at Whitworth University include Assistant Coach, Recruiting Coordinator Brenna Berkimer, Graduate Assistant Jessica Saugen, Head Coach Kati Bodecker. If you're thinking about becoming a member of Whitworth University Women's Volleyball program they are the people you must contact. You'll be able to choose to contact them through email utilizing the link above or call the college to obtain more information regarding the school and Women's Volleyball program before deciding if it is the right fit for you personally. NCSA offers student student athletes the information and tools they need to enhance their chances of being recruited by a Women's Volleyball program, whether it's at Whitworth University or another school. Since 2000, NCSA has been connecting coaches and athletes which is a vital component of the recruiting process. This year alone you'll find 127627 Women's Volleyball high school athletes utilizing the NCSA network, technology and scouting professionals to get their highlights before 5112 coaches at 1790 colleges Women's Volleyball programs nationwide. If you want to join the Whitworth University Women's Volleyball program you need to start building relationships and a highly-visible, professional quality recruiting profile. Starting that process as soon as possible is crucial to your success. So make your free profile to become a verified NCSA Women's Volleyball athlete and start connecting with coaches at the Whitworth University Women's Volleyball program today.
|
|||||
5488
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dbpedia
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1
| 23
|
https://www.travelmath.com/cities-near/Whitworth%2BUniversity
|
en
|
Cities Near Me - Whitworth University
|
https://www.travelmath.com/favicon.ico
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https://www.travelmath.com/favicon.ico
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Find the top 15 cities, towns, and suburbs near Whitworth University, like Spokane and Opportunity, and explore the surrounding area for a day trip.
|
en
|
https://www.travelmath.com/favicon.ico
|
https://www.travelmath.com/cities-near/Whitworth+University
|
100 miles from Whitworth University
Map of local cities around Whitworth University
Major cities near Whitworth University
This is a list of large cities closest to Whitworth University. A big city usually has a population of at least 200,000 and you can often fly into a major airport. If you need to book a flight, search for the nearest airport to Whitworth University. You can also look for cities 4 hours from Whitworth University (or 3 hours or 2 hours or 1 hour) or just search in general for all of the cities close to Whitworth University.
228 miles to Seattle, WA
267 miles to Surrey, Canada
275 miles to Calgary, Canada
279 miles to Burnaby, Canada
279 miles to Victoria, Canada
285 miles to Vancouver, Canada
289 miles to Portland, OR
292 miles to Boise, ID
440 miles to Edmonton, Canada
579 miles to Reno, NV
More trip calculations
Hotels near Whitworth University
Airports near Whitworth University
Location of Whitworth University
Airports in Washington
Cities in Washington
Airports in the United States
Cities in the United States
Local towns near Whitworth University
This is a list of smaller local towns that surround Whitworth University. If you're planning a road trip or exploring the local area, make sure you check out some of these places to get a feel for the surrounding community. You can also search for cities 100 miles from Whitworth University (or 50 miles or 30 miles).
Country Homes, WA
Town and Country, WA
Dartford, WA
Mead, WA
Seven Mile, WA
Hillyard, WA
Orchard Prairie, WA
Hamann Corner, WA
Colbert, WA
Nine Mile Falls, WA
Buckeye, WA
West Spokane, WA
Spokane, WA
Parkwater, WA
Orchard Park, WA
Yardley, WA
Orchard Avenue, WA
Pasadena Park, WA
Whitworth University
School: Whitworth University
City: Spokane
State: Washington
Zip code: 99251
Country: United States
Category: schools
Nearest cities
Travelmath helps you find cities close to your location. You can use it to look for nearby towns and suburbs if you live in a metropolis area, or you can search for cities near any airport, zip code, or tourist landmark. You'll get a map of the local cities, including the distance and information on each town. This can help in planning a trip or just learning more about a neighboring city so you can discover new places.
|
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5488
|
dbpedia
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0
| 18
|
https://www.petersons.com/college-search/whitworth-university-000_10000798.aspx
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en
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Tuition and Acceptance Rate
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Whitworth University is a
Comprehensive institution located in
Spokane,
WA
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Whitworth University
Spokane, WA
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Overview
Whitworth University is a Comprehensive institution located in Spokane, WA, in a suburban setting.
Location & Contact
Address 300 W Hawthorne Road
Spokane, WA 99251
United States
Majors & Degrees
Area, Ethnic, Cultural, And Gender Studies Associate Bachelors American/united States Studies/civilization Biological And Biomedical Sciences Associate Bachelors Biochemistry Bioinformatics Biology/biological Sciences, General Biophysics Business, Management, Marketing, And Related Support Services Associate Bachelors Accounting Business Administration And Management, General Finance, General International Business/trade/commerce Marketing/marketing Management, General Communication, Journalism And Related Programs Associate Bachelors Communication, General Communication, Journalism, And Related Programs, Other Journalism Speech Communication And Rhetoric Computer And Information Sciences And Support Services Associate Bachelors Computer Science Education Associate Bachelors Art Teacher Education Education, General Elementary Education And Teaching Environmental Education French Language Teacher Education Mathematics Teacher Education Music Teacher Education Secondary Education And Teaching Spanish Language Teacher Education Special Education And Teaching, General Engineering Associate Bachelors Engineering Physics/applied Physics Engineering, General English Language And Literature/Letters Associate Bachelors English Language And Literature, General General Literature Writing, General Foreign Languages, Literatures, And Linguistics Associate Bachelors French Language And Literature Spanish Language And Literature Health Professions And Related Clinical Sciences Associate Bachelors Athletic Training/trainer Community Health And Preventive Medicine Community Health Services/liaison/counseling Health Services/allied Health/health Sciences, General Pre-dentistry Studies Pre-medicine/pre-medical Studies Pre-veterinary Studies Registered Nursing/registered Nurse History Associate Bachelors History, General Legal Professions And Studies Associate Bachelors Pre-law Studies Liberal Arts And Sciences, General Studies And Humanities Associate Bachelors General Studies Liberal Arts And Sciences/liberal Studies Mathematics And Statistics Associate Bachelors Applied Mathematics, Other Mathematics, General Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies Associate Bachelors Biological And Physical Sciences Human Computer Interaction Multi-/interdisciplinary Studies, General Peace Studies And Conflict Resolution Natural Resources And Conservation Associate Bachelors Environmental Science Environmental Studies Parks, Recreation, Leisure And Fitness Studies Associate Bachelors Exercise Science And Kinesiology Philosophy And Religious Studies Associate Bachelors Christian Studies Philosophy Religion/religious Studies Physical Sciences Associate Bachelors Chemistry, General Physical Chemistry Physics, General Physics, Other Psychology Associate Bachelors Psychology, General Social Sciences Associate Bachelors Criminology Economics, General Economics, Other International Relations And Affairs Political Science And Government, General Sociology, General Theology And Religious Vocations Associate Bachelors Bible/biblical Studies Theological And Ministerial Studies, Other Theology And Religious Vocations, Other Theology/theological Studies Visual And Performing Arts Associate Bachelors Acting Art History, Criticism And Conservation Art/art Studies, General Design And Visual Communications, General Directing And Theatrical Production Drama And Dramatics/theatre Arts, General Fine And Studio Arts Management Fine/studio Arts, General Graphic Design Jazz/jazz Studies Music Pedagogy Music Performance, General Music Theory And Composition Music, General Music, Other Voice And Opera
Admissions
Acceptance Rate
4,126
Applied
3,735
Accepted
2,045
Enrolled
91%
Female Admissions
2,463
Females Applied
2,266
Females Accepted
92%
Acceptance Rate
Male Admissions
1,663
Males Applied
1,469
Males Accepted
88%
Acceptance Rate
Applying
0
Application Fee
3.74
Avg. high school GPA for freshman
Admission Requirements Required Transcript of high school record
Essay
One recommendation
Required for some programs A minimum high school GPA of 3
Interview
2 recommendations
Application Deadlines
Type Application Closing Notification Date Rolling Admissions Fall freshmen March 1st Not reported Out of state Fall freshmen March 1st Not reported Other early decision plan November 15th Not reported Yes Transfer Not reported Not reported Yes
Test Scores Accepted
Test Avg. Score 25th % 75th % SAT Critical Reading 620 570 690 SAT Math 600 540 660 ACT Composite 23 19 27
Tuition & Fees
Tuition
49,600
Private
Fees
1,320
Full-time student fees
13,700
Room & board
7,500
Room only
Other Payment Considerations
Guaranteed tuition plan offered No Tuition pre-payment plan No Tuition payment plans offered Yes Student groups that qualify for full or partial waiver of tuition Senior Citizens
Employees
Financial Aid
43,266
Avg. Financial Aid Package
44,744
Avg. Freshman Financial Aid Package
35,851
Avg. International Student Financial Aid Package
4,433
Avg. Loan Aid
26,044
Avg. Grant Aid
34,869
Avg. Scholarship and/or Grant Aid awarded
100% Percentage of students with need who receive financial aid
83.3%
Avg. Percentage of Financial Need Met
22%
Percentage of Students Who Had Their Need Fully Met
Student Body
2,045
Total Undergrad students
5%
International Students
26%
Out-of-state students
Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic/Latino 12.94% Black or African American 2.66% White or Caucasian 62.42% American Indian or Alaska Native 0.39% Asian 4.18% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 1.87% Two or more races 9.54% Other 0.49%
Gender
Male (42.25%)
Female (57.75%)
Campus Life
Housing
Type College-owned housing Yes Housing requirements Yes Housing options Co-ed housing
Disabled housing
Men-only housing
Women-only housing
Freshman car parking
% of undergrad students who live in college housing 45%
Student Activities
Student-run campus newspaper
Drama/theatre group
Student-run radio station
Student-run television station
Marching band
Choral groups
Campus events:
Springfest, Community Building Day and Bingo Night
Student Services
Legal services
Health clinic
Personal/psychological counseling
Women's center
International students advisor
Student Organizations
Greek fraternities
Greek sororities
Local fraternities
Local sororities
Most popular organizations:
International Club, Whitworth Student Investment Group, Polynesian Club, Ultimate Frisbee and Swing & Ballroom Dance Club
Campus Security & Safety
24-hour emergency telephone/alarm services
24-hour patrols by trained officers
Student patrols
Late-night transport/escort services
Electronically-operated dormitory entrances
Athletics
Men's Sports
Sport Intramural Intercollegiate Scholarship Badminton No No Baseball No Division 3 No Basketball Division 3 No Cheerleading No No Cross-country Running No Division 3 No Football Division 3 No Golf No Division 3 No Indoor Track Division 3 No Lacrosse No No No Soccer Division 3 No Softball No No Swimming And Diving No Division 3 No Table Tennis No No Tennis Division 3 No Track And Field No Division 3 No Ultimate Frisbee No No Volleyball No No
Women's Sports
Sport Intramural Intercollegiate Scholarship Badminton No No Baseball No No No Basketball Division 3 No Cheerleading No No Cross-country Running No Division 3 No Football No No No Golf No Division 3 No Indoor Track Division 3 No Lacrosse No Division 3 No Soccer Division 3 No Softball Division 3 No Swimming And Diving No Division 3 No Table Tennis No No Tennis Division 3 No Track And Field No Division 3 No Ultimate Frisbee No No Volleyball Division 3 No
Faculty
317
Total Faculty
10:1
Student-Faculty Ratio
Full-time - 195
Part-time - 122
Male - 159
Female - 158
Whitworth University
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Whitworth University
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Whitworth University Whitworth University (formerly Whitworth College) is on the north side of Spokane, Washington. Whitworth Univeristy is a private univeristy with a beautiful campsu with a very...
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Spokane Falls Community College 9 km
Northwest Christian School 11 km
Riverside Elementary, Middle and High School 25 km
Lakeland Village Custodial School 30 km
Monarch School 111 km
University of Idaho Campus 117 km
Northwest Academy 123 km
Montana Academy 193 km
Mission Mountain School 279 km
Corvallis High School 297 km
Kaiser Aluminum Mead Works 3.1 km
Nevada 5 km
Mead, Washington 5.3 km
Whitman 5.7 km
North Hill 5.9 km
Historic Hillyard train yard 6.1 km
Hillyard 7.2 km
Bemiss 7.8 km
Esmeralda Golf Course 8.4 km
Beacon Hill 9 km
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Whitworth University
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Not to be confused with Whitworth Female College in Brookhaven, Mississippi.
Presbyterian university in Spokane, Washington, US
Whitworth University is a private Christian university that is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA) and located in Spokane, Washington.[4] Founded in 1890, Whitworth enrolls nearly 2,600 students and offers more than 100 graduate and undergraduate programs.[5]
Whitworth competes athletically at the NCAA Division III level in the Northwest Conference as the Pirates. Its colors are black and crimson.[6]
History
[edit]
In 1883, George F. Whitworth established the Sumner Academy in Sumner, a small town in Washington Territory, east of Tacoma. Incorporated as Whitworth College in 1890, it relocated to Tacoma in 1899. When a Spokane developer offered land just before World War I, the college moved once more, and classes were held for the first time in Spokane in September 1914. The college relocated due to persistent financial difficulties, local competition from College of Puget Sound and the Pacific Lutheran Academy, and a lack of support from the Washington state Presbyterian Synod or the City of Tacoma. The college's leadership led by President Donald D. MacKay came to realize that a relocation would likely be necessary to secure Whitworth's future. When Whitworth was approached by Spokane boosters, the Spokane Presbytery, and railroad magnate Jay P. Graves with some land on his new Country Homes development outside the city, the trustees agreed to the move provided that the Spokane community donate $70,000 and the Synod of Washington donate $30,000 for facilities.[7] Whitworth merged with Spokane Junior College in 1942, when the latter shut down due to financial difficulties during World War II.[8]
The board of trustees voted to change the institution's name to Whitworth University in 2006, which became effective July 1, 2007.[9]
Campus
[edit]
Whitworth's campus in northern Spokane has 200 acres (0.81 km2) of stately pines and wide-open green spaces. In 2009, Whitworth opened a University District (U-District) location near downtown Spokane, expanding program offerings for nontraditional evening students and providing an ideal location with shorter commutes for working professionals.
Due to an expanding student body, the university has invested more than $170 million in campus improvements in recent years. In 2022, Whitworth completed construction on the new Dana & David Dornsife Health Sciences Building.[10] Additionally, Whitworth completed construction of the Pines Café & Bookstore along Hawthorne Road and the $13 million Whitworth Athletics Leadership Team Center, also known as the WALT. The 28,000-square-foot facility houses all of the coaches and staff of the university's 22 athletic programs, who used to be spread out among six buildings, and includes coaches’ offices, a football locker room, conference rooms, public lounges and a 162-seat team room.[11]
The university finished renovation on the Megan E. Thompson Aquatic Center in 2019[12] and completed a renovation of the Beeksma Family Theology Center in 2018, which expanded the Seely G. Mudd Chapel and provided offices for more than 20 faculty, staff and student employees.[13] In 2015, the university renovated the Cowles Music Center, which remodeled the existing space and added 21,481 square feet (1,996 m2) of new teaching studios, practice rooms, rehearsal rooms, and lobby space.
In 2011, the Robinson Science Hall was dedicated. This 63,000-square-foot (5,900 m2) building was built for biology and chemistry sciences, as well as math courses. The Robinson Science Hall is part of a three-phase expansion that includes renovations of the Eric Johnston Science Center, which is the current building for plant biology, physics, and other courses in the science, technology, engineering, and math degrees that Whitworth offers.[14]
Since 2010, all new facilities constructed on the Whitworth campus are LEED-certified.[15]
Academics
[edit]
Whitworth offers over 100 undergraduate majors and programs, six graduate programs, two doctoral programs and seven adult bachelor's degree completion programs. Academics at Whitworth is organized into five branches:[16]
The College of Arts and Sciences supports Whitworth INQ, an innovative shared curriculum approach to general education and houses 18 undergraduate arts and science departments. The college offers 47 majors, the M.A in Theology and a number of interdisciplinary undergraduate programs, including Biology, Theology, Chemistry, Communications, and Computer Science.
The School of Business includes undergraduate programs in accounting, business management, economics, finance, and marketing. It also oversees two graduate programs, a Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Business Leadership (MBL).[17][18][19] The Whitworth School of Business became AACSB accredited in 2020.[20] In late 2022, the university launched a new Master of Science in Financial Planning graduate degree.[21]
The School of Education includes the Department of Undergraduate Teacher Education; the Department of Graduate Studies in Education; the Master in Teaching (MIT) Program; the Evening Teacher Certification Program; the Center for Gifted Education; and the Special Education Program.
The School of Continuing Studies provides bachelor's degree programs for non-traditional students through evening degree programs, accelerated-format classes and certificate programs.
The School of Health Sciences was formed in 2023 to encompass undergraduate degrees in Health Science (B.S. in health science, B.A. in community health), an M.S. in Athletic Training and two doctorate degree programs: Doctor of Occupational Therapy (OTD) and Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT).[22]
The university also offers 30-plus study abroad programs available to students over Jan Term, May Term, or during a full semester. 45 percent of Whitworth's 2021 graduates participated in one or more off-campus programs.[23]
Rankings and reputation
[edit]
Academic rankingsMaster'sWashington Monthly[24]31 of 604RegionalU.S. News & World Report[25]7 of 105
In 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked Whitworth 7th of 105 Regional Universities (West).[26] The Princeton Review also named Whitworth one of 79 institutions as "Best in the West" in 2023.[27]
INSIGHT into Diversity Magazine awarded Whitworth the 2020 Higher Education Excellence in Diversity (HEED) Award.[28]
The Arbor Day Foundation has recognized Whitworth as a Tree Campus USA since 2018.[23][non-primary source needed]
Admissions
[edit]
Students on campus represent 29 states and 45 countries. As of 2023, international students make up 4.9 percent of undergraduate enrollment.[23]
Athletics
[edit]
Whitworth's athletics teams are the Pirates. The university offers 21 varsity sports and competes in the Northwest Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III. Men's sports include cross country, football, basketball, swimming, track and field (indoor and outdoor), golf, tennis, soccer and baseball; women compete in soccer, volleyball, basketball, swimming, track and field (indoor and outdoor), golf, tennis, lacrosse and softball. Whitworth has played their home football games at the Pine Bowl (an on-campus football stadium) since the 1930s.[29] The field within the Pine Bowl was changed to turf from grass in 2017 and subsequently was dedicated to the parents of the main donors by being named Puryear Field in 2018.[30] Whitworth began playing football in 1904, and has only missed 7 seasons since then, due to World War I (1917–1919) and World War II (1942–1945).[31]
Whitworth has won a total of 13 Northwest Conference McIlroy-Lewis All-Sports Trophies, including the last 12 in a row (2008–2019).[32] Whitworth men's swimming won the Northwest Conference Swimming Championship in 2022.
Student life
[edit]
The Associated Students of Whitworth University ("ASWU") is in charge of clubs and activities on campus.[33] The ASWU is composed of four executive officers (President, Vice President, Finance Director and Communications Director)[34] who coordinate the student government and lead the student body, several residence hall senators and representatives who represent specific living areas and hold voting power, and coordinators who are responsible for programming in specialized areas.
Campus media
[edit]
The Whitworthian is the weekly student newspaper. The paper received the "Best All-Around Non-Daily Student Newspaper" award from the Society of Professional Journalists in 2009.[35]
Canopy is Whitworth's yearbook that has been in publication since 1914.[36]
Notable alumni
[edit]
Sam Adams, former CFL player for the BC Lions
Michael Allan (2007), professional football player
Blaine Bennett, college football head coach at Western Oregon University and Central Washington University
Richard Carr, Chief of Chaplains of the U.S. Air Force
Richard Cizik (1973), vice president for governmental affairs for the National Association of Evangelicals, was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2008[37]
Paul Dorpat (1963), Washington historian[38]
Zilfa Estcourt (1904), features writer and women's editor at the Tacoma Ledger, the Tacoma Tribune,[39] and the San Francisco Chronicle[40]
Leo Ezerins, former CFL player for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Hamilton Tiger-Cats
Brian Fennell, musician who co-founded indie band Barcelona and performs under the name "SYML"
Sia Figiel, Samoan novelist
Dave Holmes, college football head coach at Eastern Washington University and University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Dan Inosanto (1958), Filipino-American martial arts instructor best known as a training partner of Bruce Lee
Sara Jackson-Holman, singer-songwriter
Edward Kienholz, American Pop Art installation artist
Michael K. Le Roy (1989), Former President of Calvin University
Doug Long, former NFL player for the Seattle Seahawks[41]
David G. Maloney (1977), physician, scientist and cancer researcher
Stephen C. Meyer (1981), executive officer and co-founder of the Discovery Institute and former philosophy professor at Whitworth
Alfred Mutua (1996), cabinet secretary of foreign and diaspora affairs, Kenya; former governor of Machakos County
David Myers (1964), social psychologist and author
Jenna Lee Nardella (2004), author and co-founder of Blood: Water Mission
Kevin C. Parker (1996) owner of Dutch Bros Spokane, adjunct professor at Whitworth University and Gonzaga University. Member of the Washington House of Representatives from 2008 to 2016.[42]
Ralph Polson (1952), professional basketball player
Mike Riley (1977, Master's Degree), former University of Nebraska football coach
B. J. Rosco, composer
Trevor St. John, American actor on One Life to Live[43]
Ray Stone (1951), former mayor of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, bachelor's completed in 1951; master's degree from Whitworth in 1952.[44]
Ken Sugarman, former CFL player for the BC Lions
Bob Ward (1955), strength and conditioning coach in the NFL for the Dallas Cowboys. Fullerton College head track coach[45]
Paul Ward, former NFL player for the Detroit Lions. University of Kentucky head track coach[46]
Austin Washington, professional soccer player. He transferred to Gonzaga University in 2005
Ray Washburn (1961), professional baseball player
Patrice Wilson, record producer
References
[edit]
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OCS Profile
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Here you'll find an answer to your question.
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Whitworth University Teaching Majors
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Get the scoop on the teaching programs at Whitworth University: school rankings, student diversity, admission requirements, and more.
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Whitworth University Teaching Programs
Whitworth University is a private not-for-profit institution situated in Spokane, Washington. Spokane is considered a suburb and offers tranquility and safety near the excitement of a city center.
Where Is Whitworth University?
Contact details for Whitworth are given below.
Contact Details Address: 300 W Hawthorne Rd, Spokane, WA 99251 Phone: 509-777-1000 Website: www.whitworth.edu
How Do I Get Into Whitworth?
You can apply to Whitworth online at: https://www.whitworth.edu/cms/administration/admissions/prospective-freshmen/apply/
Admission Requirements for Whitworth
Submission Required? High School GPA 1 High School Rank 3 High School Transcript 1 College Prep Program 5 Recommendations 5 SAT or ACT Scores 5 TOEFL 1
How Hard Is It To Get Into Whitworth?
Since Whitworth has an acceptance rate of 91%, it is not too hard to gain acceptance into the school. Still, you need to be sure you complete your application in full and send in any other requested documents.
Approximately 39% of accepted students are men and 61% are women. The acceptance rate for men is 88%, and the acceptance rate for women is 92%.
Average Test Scores
About 30% of students accepted to Whitworth submitted their SAT scores. When looking at the 25th through the 75th percentile, SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing scores ranged between 570 and 690. Math scores were between 540 and 660.
Whitworth received ACT scores from 7% of accepted students. When looking at the 25th through the 75th percentile, ACT English scores ranged between 19 and 28. Math scores were between 16 and 0. Composite scores were between 19 and 27.
Can I Afford Whitworth University?
The overall average net price of Whitworth is $35,390. The affordability of the school largely depends on your financial need since net price varies by income group.
The net price is calculated by adding tuition, room, board and other costs and subtracting financial aid.
Student Loan Debt
Almost 66% of college students who graduated with the class of 2018 took out student loans, but that percentage varies from school to school. At Whitworth, approximately 65% of students took out student loans averaging $7,333 a year. That adds up to $29,332 over four years for those students.
Whitworth University Undergraduate Student Diversity
There are 2,309 undergraduate students at Whitworth, with 2,253 being full-time and 56 being part-time.
There are also 372 graduate students at the school.
Gender Diversity
Of the 2,253 full-time undergraduates at Whitworth, 41% are male and 59% are female.
Racial-Ethnic Diversity
The racial-ethnic breakdown of Whitworth University students is as follows.
Race/Ethnicity Number of Grads Asian 93 Black or African American 55 Hispanic or Latino 292 White 1,433 International Students 108 Other Races/Ethnicities 272
Geographic Diversity
Washington students aren't the only ones who study at Whitworth University. At this time, 23 states are represented by the student population at the school.
Over 46 countries are represented at Whitworth. The most popular countries sending students to the school are Nigeria, South Korea, and Mongolia.
Online Learning at Whitworth University
In 2022-2023, 152 students took at least one online class at the school.
The following chart shows how the online learning population at Whitworth has changed over the last few years.
Whitworth University Teaching Concentrations
The table below shows the number of awards for each concentration.
Major Bachelor’s Graduate Certificate Master’s TOTAL Elementary Education 37 8 9 54 Secondary Education 24 5 18 47 General Education 0 0 22 22 Counselor Education/School Counseling & Guidance Services 0 0 14 14 Montessori Teacher Education 0 0 13 13 General Special Education 3 0 6 9 General Educational Leadership & Administration 0 1 7 8 Music Education 6 0 0 6 Education/Teaching of the Gifted & Talented 0 0 3 3 Elementary & Middle School Administration/Principalship 0 0 0 0 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Secondary Special Education Programs 0 0 0 0 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed 0 0 0 0 Environmental Education 0 0 0 0 Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 70 14 92 176
References
*The racial-ethnic minorities count is calculated by taking the total number of students and subtracting white students, international students, and students whose race/ethnicity was unknown. This number is then divided by the total number of students at the school to obtain the racial-ethnic minorities percentage.
College Factual
National Center for Education Statistics
Image Credit: By Charlesdrakew under License
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Infobox University name = Whitworth University established = 1890 motto = An Education of Mind and Heart type = Private liberal arts college city = Spokane state = Washington country = USA colors = Crimson and Black president = William P.…
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Infobox University
name = Whitworth University
established = 1890
motto = "An Education of Mind and Heart"
type = Private liberal arts college
city = Spokane
state = Washington
country = USA
colors = Crimson and Black
president = William P. Robinson
faculty = 125 (full-time)
staff = 300
students = 2,504
undergrad = 2,256
postgrad = 248
mascot = Pirates
campus = Suburban
200 acres
website = [http://www.whitworth.edu/ www.whitworth.edu]
Whitworth University is a private Christian liberal arts college located in Spokane, Washington in the United States that offers bachelor's and master's degrees in a variety of academic disciplines. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).
Brief history
Founded in 1883 in Sumner, Washington by George Whitworth as the Sumner Academy, it became Whitworth College in 1890. In 1899, Whitworth moved from Sumner to Tacoma, and in 1914, it moved from Tacoma to Spokane.
Whitworth's board of trustees voted to change the institution's official name to Whitworth University effective July 1, 2007 [http://www.whitworth.edu/Students/Whitworthian/V96/I17/Date-set-for-name-change-to-university.html] .
tudent life
Whitworth offers students many opportunities to enjoy college life. Every Thursday at 9:30 p.m., ASWU offers free entertainment, known as "Half Past 9."fact|date=February 2008 Recent Half Past 9s have included concerts, film showings, and comedy shows. ASWU also offers campus-wide programs each year such as Pirate Idol and Relay for Life.
The over-arching goal of Whitworth Student Life is to build a warm and supportive residential community where students have multiple points of contact – with roommates and other residents, with their student leaders and with the resident directors.
The editor of Reslife.net, an online magazine serving student-life professionals nationwide, heard about Whitworth’s approach to residence hall staffing and programming and asked the college's associate dean of students to write an article outlining his philosophy. The article recently was re-printed for the Association of College and University Housing Officers International.
The article points out the fact that Whitworth’s leadership program, developed in the mid-1980s, employs a greater number and variety of student leaders than is typical at most colleges and universities. In addition to the traditional slate of resident assistants, each Whitworth residence hall has ministry coordinators, health coordinators, and cultural diversity advocates – positions quite unique in nature [http://www.whitworth.edu/GeneralInformation/WhyWhitworth/12.htm] .
Having these additional positions means that more students with more diverse skills and interests are able to take advantage of Whitworth’s student-leadership opportunities and to benefit from the personal growth and vocational experiences that they provide. Additionally, the time commitment is relatively low for most positions, so student leaders also can be involved in other extracurricular activities.
Hiring additional student leaders also results in a ratio of residents to leaders in Whitworth’s residence halls of about ten to one, compared to the 20-to-one ratio at many other institutionsfact|date=February 2008, including private liberal-arts colleges.
Dorm life
Whitworth offers 10 residence halls for undergraduate students:
* Arend Hall
* Baldwin-Jenkins Hall
* Ballard Hall
* Boppell Hall
* Duvall Hall
* McMillan Hall
* Schumacher Hall
* Stewart Hall
* The Village
* Warren Hall
Students are strongly encouraged to live on campus for at least two years, and many opt to stay longer to be part of student leadership teams or to live in one of the newer buildings. In addition to the 10 residence halls, Whitworth sponsors several 'theme houses' each year. Some recurring themes include Cross-Country, Swimming, Women's Health and Wellness, and Simplicity in Living.
[Whitworth residence halls: http://www.whitworth.edu/administration/studentlife/residencelife&housing/livingoncampus/residencehalls/index.htm]
Athletics
Whitworth's athletics teams are the Pirates (or, unofficially, the Bucs). The university offers 20 varsity sports and competes in the Northwest Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III. Men can compete in cross-country, football, basketball, swimming, track and field (indoor and outdoor), golf, tennis, soccer and baseball; women can compete in soccer, volleyball, basketball, swimming, track and field (indoor and outdoor), golf, tennis, and softball.
In the last eight years, 20 Whitworth athletes have been named Academic All-Americans and more than 42 have received All-America recognition. Since 2000, five Pirate teams have achieved the highest average GPA in NCAA Division III for their respective sports, and 28 teams have captured Northwest Conference championships. The Pirates won the Northwest Conference McIlroy-Lewis Trophy for the best combined standings across all sports in 2008 and 2005, and Whitworth has placed among the top three conference programs for four consecutive years [http://www.whitworth.edu/GeneralInformation/WhitworthFacts/AdditionalFacts.htm#Athletics] .
In 2007, the Pirates won six NWC titles and added four runner-up finishes, winning the trophy for the second time in the past three years. Also in 2007, the women's soccer team made it to the second round of the DIII tourney while their coach, Sean Bushey, received a national Coach of the Year honor. [http://www.whitworth.edu/GeneralInformation/WhitworthFacts/AdditionalFacts.htm#Athletics] . In 2006, swimmer Samantha Kephart won two national championships – in the 100- and convert|200|yd|sing=on butterfly events, respectively – at the 2006 NCAA Division III swim tournament, setting a Division III record in the 200 butterfly. In addition, the Whitworth Men's Swim Team has won six consecutive conference championshipswhen|date=February 2008. The 2006 Pirate football team had an 11-1 record, its best everfact|date=February 2008, finished the season ranked 9th in the nation, and made it to the second round of the NCAA Div. III playoffs. Tight end Michael Allan, a 2005 AFCA DIII All-American and a pre-season 2006 All-America pick, was invited to participate in the 2006 NFL Combine and to play in both the Hula Bowl and the Shrine East-West All-Star Game. He was the only NCAA DIII football athlete invited to all three events. Among his many postseason honors, Allan was named to the Associated Press Little All-America Team and the D3football.com All-America First Team. On May 8, 2007 he was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the 7th round of the NFL Draft.
In 2005, men's soccer went to the DIII Final Four and finished third in the nationfact|date=February 2008. In that same year, the women's volleyball team set home attendance records while winning the Northwest Conference championship and going on to compete in the regional finals. And the college won the Northwest Conference's McIlroy-Lewis All-Sports Trophy, which measures athletic excellence across all competitive fields.
In 2004, track-and-field star Kristen Shields was named U.S. College-Division Academic All-American of the Year (along with the University of Connecticut's Emeka Okafor).
The men's 1996 basketball team finished second in the nation in the NAIA. In 2007, the men's basketball team won another NWC title, defeating Lewis and Clark 69-62 [http://www.whitworth.edu/Students/Whitworthian/V97/I11/Pirates-Clinch.html] .
Whitworth won a national championship as an NAIA school in 1960, when the baseball team defeated Georgia Southern University, 4-0fact|date=February 2008.
[Why Whitworth?: http://www.whitworth.edu/generalInformation/whywhitworth/7.htm] [Additional Whitworth Facts: http://www.whitworth.edu/GeneralInformation/WhitworthFacts/AdditionalFacts.htm#Athletics]
Recent faculty highlights
* Associate Professor of English Laurie Lamon, '78, was chosen by U.S. Poet Laureate Donald Hall as one of two new voices in poetry to receive 2007 Witter Bynner Fellowships. Newspaperman David Tucker was the other honoree. Hall awarded the prizes to Lamon and Tucker in March 2007 at the Library of Congress, and the two poets read from their works during the awards ceremony. Each received a $10,000 fellowship provided by the Witter Bynner Foundation for Poetry in conjunction with the Library of Congress. Lamon, whom Hall characterizes as "an exquisite writer of lyrics, writing a musical poetry that is delicate and pure," recently published her debut poetry collection, "The Fork Without Hunger" (CavanKerryPress, 2005).
* Associate Professor of Kinesiology & Athletics Russ Richardson, who also directs Whitworth’s Athletic Training Education Program, received the Washington State Athletic Trainers Association 2007 Excellence in Service Award, as well as the Northwest Athletic Trainers Association Outstanding Service Award. Richardson received the first award in recognition of his co-authoring a bill that would regulate the practice of athletic training and moving that bill through the Washington State Legislature. He was also recognized for his efforts to develop the Alaska Athletic Trainers Association and for his service to NATA District 10 through various leadership roles.
* Math and Computer Science Professor Susan Mabry has been awarded two National Science Foundation grants to research and develop intelligent software agents for complex medical environments and recently published a book titled Intelligent Agents for Patient Monitoring and Diagnostics.
* "Is Jesus the Only Savior?" (Eerdmans, 2005), by Whitworth Theology Professor James Edwards, '67, was selected Best Book of 2006 in the "Apologetics/Evangelism" category by "Christianity Today magazine". Edwards, who serves as chair of the Whitworth Theology Department, is also an ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and the author of "The Divine Intruder" (NavPress, 2000) and commentaries on the biblical books of Hebrews, Romans, and the Gospel of Mark.
* The second edition of Whitworth Assistant Professor of Communication Studies Alan Mikkelson's book about the relationship between biology and communication was published by Thomson Learning in April 2007. Mikkelson co-authored the second edition of "The Biology of Human Communication: Issues and Application"s with Kory Floyd, of Arizona State University, and 2003 Whitworth alumnus and communication-studies major Colin Hesse, who is now a first-year Ph.D. student at Arizona State University.
* Associate Professor of Theology Keith Beebe received a 2006 Graves Award in the Humanities from the American Council of Learned Societies. The award, presented for exemplary skill and enthusiasm in the classroom and for faculty research that enhances students' educational experience, allowed Beebe to travel to Scotland to work on the McCullough Manuscripts (1742), comprising 108 first-person conversion narratives from the Scottish Great Awakening.
* A recent $115,000 National Science Foundation grant is the ninth external grant that Associate Professor of Physics Richard Stevens has received to fund his research using laser spectroscopy to examine physical phenomenon related to spacecraft propulsion. Stevens is among a select group contracted under NASA's electric propulsion research program to study the new thruster technology.
* Whitworth Professor of Political Science Julia Stronks directs Whitworth's initiative to serve homeless youth in Spokane and the Lives of Commitment Program, funded by a $1 million grant from the M. J. Murdock Foundation. She is the author of the books Law, Religion and Public Policy: A Commentary on First Amendment Jurisprudence (Lexington Books, 2002) and Christian Teachers in Public Schools (Baker Books, 2000).
* Professor of Theology Gerald Sittser was named 2005 Gold Medallion Book Award winner for his book "When God Doesn't Answer Your Prayer". The Evangelical Christian Publishers Association awards the prize in recognition of Christian books that meet the association's highest criteria for excellence in content, literary, quality, design and significance. Sittser is the author of a number of popular Christian books, including "The Will of God as a Way of Life", "Loving Across Our Differences", and "A Grace Disguised: How the Soul Grows Through Loss".
[Additional Whitworth Facts: http://www.whitworth.edu/GeneralInformation/WhitworthFacts/AdditionalFacts.htm#Faculty]
Notable alumni
* Michael Allan (2007), tight end for the Kansas City Chiefs
* Ross H. Anderson (1969), Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
* Charles Boppell (1965), retired president and CEO of Worldwide Restaurant Concepts, Inc.
* Major General Richard Carr (1949), served as Chief of Chaplains in the United States Air Force (1978-1982)
* Saisuree Chutikul (1956), secretary-general of Thailand's National Youth Bureau
* Philip W. Eaton (1965), president of Seattle Pacific University
* Sia Figiel, Samoan novelist
* Frank Hernandez (1993), award-winning opera singer
* Peter Hunner (1976), internationally acclaimed artist and glassblower
* Jena Lee (2004), executive director of
* Ron Leighton (1973), U.S. District Court judge
* Steve Miller (1983), scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory named Battelle Inventor of the Year for 2002
* David Myers, social psychologist and author
* Jen Pifer, senior producer, CNN Investigative Unit
* Mike Riley (Master's Degree), Oregon State football coach
* Marvin Sather (1967), named Washington State's Teacher of the Year for 1999
* Anna Schowengerdt (1993), leader of humanitarian relief programs for Catholic Relief Services
* Ray Washburn (1961), pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals (1961-1969) and the Cincinnati Reds (1970)
[Additional Whitworth Facts: http://www.whitworth.edu/GeneralInformation/WhitworthFacts/AdditionalFacts.htm#Alumni]
References
External links
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Whitworth University MBA Director Sinead Voorhees is excited that graduate students are remaining in Spokane after furthering their education. #ChooseSpokane
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Whitworth University MBA Director Sinead Voorhees is excited that graduate students are remaining in Spokane after furthering their education. #ChooseSpokane
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College review: Whitworth University
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Whitworth University is a small, Presbyterian college in Spokane, WA. Downtown Spokane is a 20-25 minute bus or car ride away. Whitworth is a Christian college but not as conservative as a” Bible College.” Chapel is offered twice weekly … Continued
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Whitworth University is a small, Presbyterian college in Spokane, WA. Downtown Spokane is a 20-25 minute bus or car ride away. Whitworth is a Christian college but not as conservative as a” Bible College.” Chapel is offered twice weekly and though attendance is not required, many students enjoy the Tuesday evening student-led services.
Call us at (818) 207-0263 to learn more about Whitworth University.
One of our students coined Whitworth “the happy school,” and we could see why he felt that way! From the dorm life to the campus activities, it feels a lot like summer camp. Also, Whitworth’s quad is filled with redwoods just far enough apart to hang a hammock, which students do when the weather becomes warm.
“Community” would be the best word to describe Whitworth’s approach to education. The Resident Advisors lead a dorm activity every night and the campus “theme houses” for juniors and seniors sponsor regular social activities. Dorms are co-ed by floor. There is one freshman dorm and all the others are mixed. Students must live on campus for the first two years.
Whitworth has three rules:
No co-habitation
No alcohol (dry campus)
No disruption of the community
The school sponsors dances with unique themes like the “Awkward Middle School Dance.” Music is big on campus. Every lounge has a piano and the campus has a good number of practice rooms. Two main stage and many student-run shows are produced each year. Whitworth offers both music and theater scholarships for which non-majors are eligible. Whitworth also offers guaranteed scholarships based on GPA and test scores.
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TEXAS CAREER CHECK
The following report for a school is a result of compilation of relavant data and has been broken down into sections that make it easier to read. The information provided here is curated from sources like the Peterson's Undergraduate Database. This is the most comprehensive collection of data for schools in the US and also a few foreign ones.
School Summary
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Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
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