identifier
stringlengths 1
43
| dataset
stringclasses 3
values | question
stringclasses 4
values | rank
int64 0
99
| url
stringlengths 14
1.88k
| read_more_link
stringclasses 1
value | language
stringclasses 1
value | title
stringlengths 0
200
| top_image
stringlengths 0
125k
| meta_img
stringlengths 0
125k
| images
listlengths 0
18.2k
| movies
listlengths 0
484
| keywords
listlengths 0
0
| meta_keywords
listlengths 1
48.5k
| tags
null | authors
listlengths 0
10
| publish_date
stringlengths 19
32
⌀ | summary
stringclasses 1
value | meta_description
stringlengths 0
258k
| meta_lang
stringclasses 68
values | meta_favicon
stringlengths 0
20.2k
| meta_site_name
stringlengths 0
641
| canonical_link
stringlengths 9
1.88k
⌀ | text
stringlengths 0
100k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 64
|
http://www.allinthepast.net/people/p00000vr.htm
|
en
|
Gisele Duchess of SWABIA
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | |||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 31
|
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1861/03/the-men-of-schwyz/628649/
|
en
|
The Men of Schwyz
|
[
"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/nav-archive-promo-5541b02ae92f1a9276249e1c6c2534ee.png",
"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/images/current-issue.large.jpg",
"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/img/specialreports/lead/2020/10/14/Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/files/nav-crossword.png",
"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/archive-thumbnail.png",
"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/files/YourSubscription_300x300.jpg",
"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/UsrTUUJwdTYYsC_yaMdY6abNJB8=/0x251:2348x3382/96x128/media/img/issues/1861/03/01/original.jpg, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/Xo0aNO4H9ZaQZowDCAH6gWtTIyI=/0x251:2348x3382/192x256/media/img/issues/1861/03/01/original.jpg 2x, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/HZk9WRsVpC1jovUjeb_uwRtgXi4=/0x251:2348x3382/288x384/media/img/issues/1861/03/01/original.jpg 3x"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
1861-03-01T04:56:00+00:00
|
The Atlantic covers news, politics, culture, technology, health, and more, through its articles, podcasts, videos, and flagship magazine.
|
en
|
https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/favicon-3888b0e329526a975703e3059a02b92d.ico
|
The Atlantic
|
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1861/03/the-men-of-schwyz/628649/
|
As you go from Lucerne in a decorous little steamboat down the pleasant Vierwaldstättersee, or Lake of the Four Forest Cantons, with the sloping hills on either side, and the green meadow-patches and occasional house among the trees, you come to a sudden turn where the scenery changes swiftly, and pass between steep and shaggy rocks rising perpendicularly out of the blue water, which seems to get bluer there, into the frowning Bay of Uri, guarded, as if it were the last home of freedom, by great granite hills, lying like sleepy giants with outstretched arms, while the heavy clouds rest black and broken on their summits, and the white vapors float below. Just where the lake makes this turn is the hamlet of Brunnen, which you will not hurry by, if you are wise, but tarry with the kind little hostess of the Golden Eagle by the pleasant shore, and learn, if you will, as nowhere else, what the spirit of the Swiss was in the ancient time, as in this.
As you walk across the little valley which stretches down from the hills to the lake where Brunnen is, you remember that it is the town of Schwyz you come to, where dwelt once the hardy, valorous little colony which gave its name to Switzerland, — famous in the annals of this stout-hearted mountain-land for the “peculiar fire” with which they have always fought for their ancient freedom,— worthy to leave their name, in lasting token of the service they did to their fellows and to mankind.
Schwyz lies at the foot of the Hacken Mountain, which rises with double peaks known as the Mythen, (Murray and the tourists, with dubious etymological right, translate Mitres,)—with the dark forests above it on the slopes, and the green openings sparkling in the sunlight, where men and their herds of cattle breathe a purer air. Behind these everlasting walls the spirit of freedom has found a resting-place through the turbulent centuries, during which, on rough Northern soil, the new civilization was taking root, hereafter to overshadow the earth.
Touching the origin of these men of Schwyz. there is a tradition, handed down from father to son, which runs in this wise.
“ Toward the North, in the land of the Swedes and Frisians, there was an ancient kingdom, and hunger came upon the people, and they gathered together, and it was resolved that every tenth man should depart. And so they went forth from among their friends, in three bands under three leaders, six thousand fighting men, great like unto giants, with their wives and children and all their worldly goods. And they swore never to desert one another, and smote with victorious arm Graf Peter of the Franks, who would obstruct their progress. They besought of God a land like that of their ancestors, where they might pasture their cattle in peace ; and God led them into the country of Brochenburg, and they built there Schwyz; and the people increased, and there was no more room for them in the valley. Some went forth, therefore, into the country round about, even as far as the Weissland; and it is still in the memory of old men how the people went from mountain to mountain, from valley to valley, to Frutigen, Obersibenthal, Sanen, Afflentsch, and Jaun ; — and beyond Jaun dwell other races.”
The time and circumstance of this wandering are unknown, and we may make what we will of it; but to the men of Schwyz the tradition is an affirmation of their original primal independence. And of old time, also, the Emperors have admitted that these people of their own free will sought and obtained the protection of the Empire, — a privilege by no means extended to all the dwellers of the Waldstätte, (or Forest Cantons,) but confined to the men of Schwyz.
As the Emperors were often absent, engaged in great wars, and the times were very troublous, and there was need of some commanding character among them, for the administration of the criminal law touching the shedding of blood, they often made the Count of Lenzburg Bailiff. But no matter of any moment could be acted upon without the sense of the people being taken, of the serf as well as the freeman : for these two classes existed not less among these primitive people than elsewhere, in the feudal times; and this community of counsel of freeman and serf is related to have worked harmoniously, “ for equality existed of itself, by nature, there.” They chose a Landammann, or chief magistrate,—a man free by birth, of an honorable name and some substance ; and for judges also they were careful to select men of substance, “for he careth most for freedom and order who hath most to lose”; and for the greater peace of the land there was a Street-Council, consisting of seven reputable men, who went through the streets administering justice in small causes here and there, as in the East the judges sat at the citygate or at the door of the palace.
As the people increased, the valleys of Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden were separated and grew to be independent in their own domestic matters, while united with respect to external affairs, as in the league made in 1251 between Zürich, Schwyz, and Uri;—they were like the Five Nations of Canada, says the historian, but more human through Christianity. Their religious belief was simple and fervent; the Goths, as Arians, had rejected the supremacy of the Pope; and now there came secretly teachers from the East, through Bulgaria, Bosnia, and Hungary, even into Rhætia, and thence to these fastnesses of the Alps. The mind of men, thus left free, developed itself according to the different character of the races. The people of Schwyz were strengthened in their adherence to the authentic Word of God, as it was with the Apostles, without the use of pictures or the bones of saints ; this Word they learned by heart, and made little of the additions of men ; hence they got to be heretics, and were called Manicheans; but Catholicism conquered them at last.
Thus simple and unknown lived this ancient people, — destined to restore in the end the Confederacy of Helvetia, lost since the days of Cæsar’s victory, thirteen hundred years before,—till Gerhard, Abbot of Einsiedeln, complained of them to the Emperor Henry V. for pasturing their cattle upon the slopes which belonged to the convent: for, forgetful of the people who dwelt in these parts, whose existence, indeed, was concealed from him by the monks, the Emperor Henry II., in 1018, had bestowed upon the convent the neighboring desert; and the Abbot, of course, did not fail to make the most of the gift. Thus there occurred a collision. The Abbot pursued these poor peasants with the spiritual power, which was not light in those days, and summoned them before the Diet of Nobles of Swabia; but they rejected that tribunal, for they acknowledged only the authority of the Emperor. Whereupon the Abbot laid his complaint before Henry V. at Basel, where Graf Rudolph of Lenzburg, Bailiff of Schwyz, spoke for them. A simple people, innocent of human learning, they could urge against the patent of the Emperor only the tradition of their fathers, and judgment went against then touching the matter, and no question was made in it as to the validity of the Emperor’s patent. It was an unexpected blow to the Schwyzers. Tradition among people living solitary grows into a religious right, which they fight for readily. For eleven years their turbulence went unpunished; for Henry V. had other matters on his hands, and his two successors conferred other privileges upon the convent. Thirty years afterwards, however, in 1142 or thereabouts, at the solicitation of the monks, obedience was commanded by the Emperor Conrad III., then on the point of departing with his Crusaders to Palestine. But the people answered, — “If the Emperor, to our injury, contemning the traditions of our fathers, will give our land to unrighteous priests, the protection of the Empire is worthless to us.” Thereupon the Emperor waxed wroth; the ban was laid upon them by Hermann, Bishop of Constance ; but they withdrew, nevertheless, from the protection of the Empire, and Uri and Unterwalden with them, — fearing neither the Emperor nor the ban, for they could not conceive how it was a sin to maintain the right, and so they pastured their cattle without fear.
When Friedrich I. came to the throne and wanted soldiers, he sent Graf Ulrich of Lenzburg, Bailiff of the Waldstätte, into the valleys to speak to the men of Schwyz. “ The heart of the people is in the hands of noble heroes,” says the historian ; — gladly did the youths, six hundred strong, seize their arms and go forth under Graf Ulrich, whom they loved, to fight for the Emperor his friend, beyond the mountains, in Italy. And now it came the Emperor’s turn for the ban; the whole Imperial House of Hohenstaufen fell into spiritual disgrace ; Friedrich II. was cursed at Lyons as a blasphemer; but these things did not turn away the hearts of the men of Schwyz from his House.
Long after the time of this Ulrich, the last reigning Graf of Lenzburg, shortly after the Swiss Union had been renewed, at the instance of Walther of Attinghausen, in 1206, Unterwalden chose Rudolph, Count of Hapsburg, for Bailiff. He endeavored to extend his authority over the other two Cantons, in which he was aided by the Emperor Otho IV., of the House of Brunswick, who had been raised to the throne in opposition to the House of Swabia, and who, for the purpose of conciliating him, made him Imperial Bailiff of the Waldstätte. An active, vigorous man this Rudolph, grandfather of the Rudolph who was afterwards called to be King of the Germans, whom the Swiss, scattered in their hamlets, were little prepared to make head against, and therefore recognized him with what grace they might, after an assurance that their freedom and rights should be maintained ; and he smoothed for them their old controversy with the monks of Einsiedeln, and got a comfortable division of the property made in 1217. But he was hateful to them, nevertheless; and although we know nothing of the way in which he administered his office, we conjecture that it was partly because the Emperor who appointed him was not of the House of Hohenstaufen, to which they were attached, and partly because he claimed that the office of Bailiff was hereditary in his family, whereas the men of Schwyz preferred to offer it of their own free will to whom they would. They made it a condition of assistance to the Emperor Friedrich in 1231, when he went down into Italy to fight the Guelphs, that he should deprive this Rudolph of the office of Imperial Bailiff; and then they went forth, six hundred strong, and did famous work against the Guelphs, with such fire in them that the Emperor not only knighted Struthan von Winkelried of Unterwalden, but gave that valley a patent of freedom, according to which the Schwyzers voluntarily chose the protection of the Empire.
And now Rudolph, Count of Hapsburg, founder of the Austrian monarchy, strides into the history of the men of Schwyz. A tall, slender man this Rudolph, bald and pale; with much seriousness in his features, but winning confidence the moment one spoke with him by his friendliness, loving simplicity; a restless, stirring man, with more wisdom in him than his companions had, equal or superior to him in birth or power, working his way by device when he could, by the strong arm when that was needed, He took the part of the peasants against the nobles, and used the one to put down the other. In the midst of the turmoils in which he got involved with Sanct Gallen and Basel, and while encamped before the walls of the latter eity, he was wakened in his tent at midnight by Friedrich of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nürnberg; ibr there had come from Frankfort on the Main Heinrich von Pappenheim, Hereditary Marshal of the Empire, with the news, that, "in the name of the Electors, with unanimous consent, in consideration of his great virtue and wisdom, Lewis Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria had named Count Rudolph of Hapsburg King of the Roman Empire of the Germans”: at which Rudolph was more astonished than those who knew him, it is recorded. Not because of his genealogy, nor his marriage with Gertrude Anne, daughter ot Burcard, Count of Hohenburg and Hagenloek, did he win this great fortune, but, as the Elector Engelbrecht of Cologne said, “ because he was just and wise and loved of God and men.” And now the world learned what was in him; and how for eighteen years he kept the throne, which no king for three-and-twenty years before him had been able to hold, history will relate to the curious.
Switzerland was divided at this period into small sovereignties and baronial fiefs; and there were, besides, also the Imperial cities of Bern and Basel and Zürich. The nobles were warlike and restless. Rudolph cheeked their depredations and composed their dissensions. Upon that seething age of violence and rapine he laid, as it were, the forming hand, as if in the darkness the coming time was dimly visible to him :— a man to be remembered, in the vexed and disheartening history of Austria, as one of her few heroes. The people of Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden, notwithstanding the dislike they had shown to his ancestor, voluntarily appointed him their protector; and he gave them, in 1274, the firm assurance that he would treat them as worthy sons of the Empire in inalienable independence ; and to that assurance he remained true till his death, which happened in 1291, in the seventy-fourth year of his age.
It is related in the Rhymed Chronicle of Ottocar, how he had been kept alive for a whole year by the skill of his physicians, but that they told him at last, as he sat playing at draughts, that death was upon him, and that he could live but five days. “ Well, then,” he said, “ on to Spires ! ” that he might lay him in the Imperial vault in the great Cathedral there,— where many Emperors slept their long sleep, till, in the Orléans Succession War in the time of Louis XIV., as afterwards in 1794, under the revolutionary commander Custine, French soldiers rudely disturbed it, with everv circumstance of outrage which Frenchmen only could devise. Rudolph went forth thither, but fell by the way, and died at Germersheim, a dirty little village which he had founded. And in the Cathedral at Spires, where he rested from his activities, you may see this day a monumental statue of him, executed by that great artist, the late Ludwig Schwanthaler of Munich, for Ins art-loving patron, Ludwig I., King of Bavaria.
Rudolph was succeeded by his son Albrecht, then forty-three years old, likewise a vigorous man, whose restless spirit of aggrandizement gave the Swiss much uneasiness. His purpose seems to have been to acquire the sovereignty of the ecclesiastical and baronial fiefs, and. having thus encompassed the free cities and the Three Cantons, to compel submission to his authority. In the seventh week after Rudolph’s death, they met together to renew the ancient bond with the people of Uri and Unterwalden; and they swore, in or out of their valleys, to stand by one another, if harm should be done to any of them. “In this we are as one man,” ran their oath, among other things, “ in that we will receive no judge who is not a countryman and an inhabitant, or who has bought his office.”
After several years of troubles and frights among them, the Emperor sent to the Forest Cantons to say, that it would be well for them and their posterity, if they submitted to the protection of the Royal House, as all neighboring cities and counties had done; he wished them to be his dear children ; he was the descendant. of their Bailiff of Lenzburg, son of their Emperor Rudolph; if he offered them the protection of his glorious line, it was not that he lusted after their flocks or would make merchandise of their poverty, but because he knew from his father and from history what brave men they were, whom he would lead to victory and knighthood and plunder.
Then spake the nobles and the freemen of the Forest Cantons: “ They know very well, and will ever remember, how his father of blessed memory was a good leader and Bailiff to them; but they love the condition of their ancestors, and will abide by it. If the King would but confirm it! ”
And thereupon they sent Werner, Baron of Attinghausen, Landammann of Uri, like his fathers, before him and his posterity after him, to the Imperial Court. But the King was quarrelling with his Electors, and was in bad humor, and sent to Uri to forbid them from assessing laud-rates on a convent there. Whereupon the men of Schwyz, being without protection, made a league for ten years with Werner, Count of Honburg; and that their submission to the Austrian power might not be construed into a duty, they sent to the King for an Imperial Bailiff. Albrecht appointed Hermann Gessler of Brunck, and Beringer of Landenberg, whose cousin Hermann was in much favor with him. Beringer’s manners were rough even at the Court; and to get rid of him, they sent him to tame the Waldstätte. He appointed Bailiffs whose, poverty and avarice were the cause of much oppression, emboldened as they were by the illfeeling of the King towards the men of Schwyz, whose freedom the King had refused to confirm, and waited only for opportunity to annihilate their ancient rights, after the example he had already set in Vienna and Styria.
The Imperial Bailiffs resolved to take up their abode in the Forest Cantons,— Landenberg in Unterwalden, near Sarnen, in a castle of the King’s, while Gessler built a prison-castle by Altorf in Uri; for within the memory of men no lord had dwelt in Schwyz. They used their power wantonly;—unjust and weary imprisonments for slightest faults; haughty manners, and all the stings of insolent authority; — and no redress to be had at. the King’s hands. The peace and happy security of the men of Schwyz were gone, and they looked in one another’s faces for the thing that was to be done. The honored families of their race were despised and called peasant-nobles;—there was Werner Stauffacher, a well-to-do and well-meaning man ; and the Lord of At tinghausen above all, of an ancient house, in years, with much experience, and true to his country; there was Rudolph Redings of Biberek, whose descendants live to this day in Schwyz, supporting still the honor of their name ; and the Winkelrieds, mindful of the spirit of their ancestor who slew the dragon. In such persons the people believed; they knew them and their fathers before them ; and when they were made light of, there was hatred between the people and the Bailiffs. As Gessler passed Stauffacher's house in Steinen, one day, where the little chapel now stands, and saw how the house was well built, with many windows, and painted over with mottoes, after the manner of rich farmers’ houses, he cried to his face, “ Can one endure that these peasants should live in such houses ? ”
It came at last to insulting their wives and daughters; and the first man that attempted this, one Wolfenschiess, was struck dead by an angry husband ; and when the brave wife of Stauffacher reflected how her turn might come next, she persuaded her husband to anticipate the danger. Werner Stauffacher at once crossed the lake to Uri, to consult with his friend Walther, Prince of Attingbausen, with whom he found concealed a young man of courage and understanding. “He is an Unterwaldner from the Melchthal,” said Walther; “ his name is Erni an der Halden, and he is a relation of mine; for a trifling matter Landenberg has fined him a couple of oxen ; his father Henry complained bitterly of the loss, whereupon a servant of the Bailiff said, ‘If the peasants want to eat bread, they can draw their own plough ’; at which Erni took fire, and broke one of the fellow’s fingers with his stick, and then took refuge here ; meanwhile the Bailiff has caused his father’s eyes to be put out.” And then the two friends took counsel together; and Walther bore witness how the venerable Lord of Attinghausen had said that these Bailiffs were no longer to be endured. What desolating wrath resistance would bring upon the Waldstätte they knew and measured, and swore that death was better than an unrighteous yoke. And they parted, each to sound his friends, — appointing as a place of conference the Rütli. It is a little patch of meadow, which the precipices seem to recede expressly to form, on the Bay of Uri, sloping down to the water’s edge,—so called from the trees being rooted ont (ausgereutet) there,— not far from the boundary between Unterwalden and Uri, where the Mytenstein rises solitary like an obelisk out of the water. There, in the stillness of night, they often met together for council touching the work which was to he done ; thither by lonely paths came Fürst and Melchthal, Stauffacher in his boat, and from Unterwalden his sister’s son, Edelknecht of Rudenz. The more dangerous the deed, the more solemn the bond which bound them.
On the night of Wednesday before Martinmas, on the 10th of November, 1307, Fürst, Melchthal, and Stauffacher brought each from his own Canton ten upright men to the Rütli, to deliberate honestly together. And when they came there and remembered their inherited freedom, and the eternal brotherly bond between them, consecrated by the danger of the times, they feared neither Albrecht nor the power of Austria ; and they took each other by the hand, and said, that “ in these matters no one was to act after his own fancy; no one was to desert another; that in friendship they would live and die ; each was so to strive to preserve the ancient rights of the people that the Swiss through all time might taste of this friendship; neither should the property or the rights of the Count of Hapsbnrg be molested, nor the Bailiffs or their servants lose one drop of blood ; but the freedom which their fathers gave them they would bequeath to their children”: and then, when remembering that upon what they did now the fate of their posterity depended, each looked upon his friend, consoled. And Walther Fürst, Werner Stauffacher, and Arnold an der Halden of Melchthal lifted their hands to heaven, and, in the name of God, who created emperor and peasant with the inalienable rights of man, swore to maintain their freedom; and when the thirty heard this, each one raised his hand and swore the same by God and the Saints; — and then each went his way to his hut, and was silent, and wintered his cattle.
In the mean while it happened that the Bailiff Hermann Gessler was shot dead by Wilhelm Tell, who was of Bürglen, at the entrance of the Schächenthal, a half-hour from Altorf, in Uri, — son-inlaw of Walther Fürst, and a man of some substance, for he had the stewardship in fee in Bürglen of the Frauenmüster Abbey in Zürich, — one of the conspirators. Out of wanton tyranny, or suspicious of the breaking out of disturbances, Gessler determined to discover who bore the joke most impatiently ; and, after the symbolical way of the times and the people, set up a hat, (it was on the 18th of November,) to represent the dignity of the Duke Albrecht of Austria, and commanded all to do it homage. The story of Tell’s refusal, and of the apple placed on the head of his son to be shot at, the world knows far and wide. Convinced by his success that God was with him, Tell confessed, that, if the matter had gone wrong, he would have had his revenge upon the Bailiff. Gessler did not dare to detain him in Uri, on account of Tell’s many friends and relations, but took him up the lake, contrary to the traditions of the people, which forbade foreign imprisonment. They had not got far beyond the Rütli, when the föhn-wind, breaking loose from the gulfs of the Gothard, threw the waves into a rage, and the rocks echoed with its angry cries. In this moment of deadly danger, Gessler commanded them to unbind Tell, who, he knew, was an excellent boatman ; and as they passed by the foot of the Axen Mountain, to the right as you come out of the Bay of Uri, Tell grasped his bow and leaped upon a flat rock there, climbed up the mountain while the boat tossed to and fro against the rocks, and fled through the land of the men of Schwyz. But the Bailiff escaped the storm also, and landed by Küssnacht, where he fell with Tell's arrow through him.
It should be remembered that this was Tell's deed alone: the hour which the people had agreed upon for their deliverance had not come; they had no part in the death of Gessler. Carlyle has remarked this as appearing also in Schiller’s drama, in the construction of which, he says, “there is no connection, or a very slight one, between the enterprise of Tell and that of the men of Rütli.” It was not a deed conformable to law or the highest ethics, yet it was one which mankind is ever ready to forgive and applaud; and the echo of it through the ages will die away only when hatred of tyranny and wrathful impatience under hopeless oppression die away also from the hearts of men. Tell was an outlaw, and he took an outlaw’s vengeance : it was life against life. And yet it is a curious fact, that the historian of Switzerland (that wonderful genius, Johannes Müller, who is reported to have read more books than any man in Europe, in proof of which they point you to his fifty folio volumes of excerpts in the Town Library at Schaffhausen) suggests as a reason why there were only one hundred and fourteen persons, who had known Tell, to gather together in 1388, not much more than thirty years after his death, at the erection of a chapel dedicated to his memory on the rock where he leaped ashore, that Tell did not often leave Bürglen,where he dwelt, and that, according to the ethics of that period, the deed was not one likely to attract inquisitive womlerers to him.
There is hardly an event or character in history which is not to somebody a myth or a phantom; and so Tell has not escaped the skepticism of men. But those who doubt his existence have little experience of history, says Müller. Grasser was the first to remark the resemblance between the adventures of Tell and those of a certain Tocco, or Toko, or Palnatoke, of Denmark, which are related by Saxo Grammaticus, a learned historian who flourished in Denmark in the twelfth century, of which kingdom and its dependencies ho compiled an elaborate history, first printed at Paris in 1486 ; but the Danish Tocco, who is supposed to have existed in the latter half of the tenth century, was wholly unknown to the Swiss, who, if ever, came to the Alps before that time. The Icelanders, also, have a similar story about another hero, which appears in the “ Vilkinasaga ” of the fourteenth century. It is more likely that the Danes and other Northern people got their tradition from the Swiss, by way of the Hanse Towns perhaps, if we are to be permitted to believe in but one original tradition, which is not less arbitrary than unphilosophic.
Moreover, for what did these one hundred and fourteen people dedicate a chapel to him. thirty years and a little more after his death ? And there is the Chronicle of Klingenberg, which covers the end of the fourteenth century, which tells his story ; and Melchior Russ, of Lucerne, who, in compiling his book, about the year 1480, had before him a Tell-song, and the Chronicle of Eglof Etterlins, Town-Clerk of Lucerne in the first half of the fifteenth century; and since 1387, too, there has been solemn service by the people of Uri to commemorate him. So that the “ Fable Danoise ” of Uriel Frendenberger of Bern (1760) becomes a mere absurdity, and the indignant Canton of Uri had no less right to burn it (although to burn was not to answer it, suggests the critic,) than to honor the “ Defence ” by Balthasar with two medals of gold. And what has been written to establish him may be read in Zurlauben, (whose approbation is almost proof, says Müller, reverentially,) and elsewhere as undernoted.
Tell’s posterity in the male line is reported to have died out with Johann Martin, in 1684; the female, with Verena, in 1720. Yet it is certainly a little surprising that the elder Swiss chroniclers, John of Winterthur, and Justinger of Bern, for instance, who were almost Tell’s contemporaries, make no mention of him in relating the Revolution in the Waldstätte, and that it should be left to Tschudi and others, almost two hundred years afterwards, in the sixteenth century, to give his story that dramatic importance upon which Schiller has set the seal forever. It can be explained, perhaps, on the ground that it did not at the time possess that importance which we have been taught to give it; though roughly, thus, we do away with the poetry of it, to be sure. Let Voltaire, whose function it was to deny, enjoy his feeble sneer, that “ the difficulty of pronouncing those respectable names ” — to wit, Melchtacl, and Stauffager, and Valtherfurst, to say nothing of Grisler — “injures their celebrity.” Neither are we to conceal the fact, that it is doubted, if not denied, that there ever was any Gessler in Uri to perform all the wicked things ascribed to him, and to get that arrow through him in such dramatic and effective manner in the Hollow Way; for has not Kopp published, with edifying explanation, “Documents for the History of the Confederation,” (Lucerne, 1835,) in which, in the list of Bailiffs (landvoigte) at Küssnacht, we do not find the name of Gessler? Perhaps there was a mistake in the name, the critic suggests.
The Revolution thus begun at the Rütli, and by Tell, went forward swiftly in January, 1308; and, true to their oath, it was consummated by the men of Schwyz without harm to the property of the Bailiffs, also without the spilling of a single drop of blood. The prison at Uri was captured, and Landenherg also, as he descended to hear mass, by twenty men from Unterwaklen; but, escaping, he fled across the meadows from Sarnen to Alpnach, where he was overtaken and made to swear that he would never set foot again in the Waldstätte, and then suffered to depart safely to the King. And the peasants breathed again; and Stauffacher’s wife opened her house to all who had been at the Rütli; and there was joy in the land.
And how in that same year Duke Albrecht met with a bloody end, such as befell no King or Emperor of the Germans before or after him, at the hands of Duke John, his nephew, whose inheritance he had kept back, and other conspirators ; and what vengeance overtook the murderers ; and how Duke John, escaping in the habit of a monk into Italy, was no more heard of, but became a shadow forever, like the rest of them ; — and how, eight years afterwards, came the expedition of Duke Leopold of Austria against the Waldstätte, and the fight at Morgarten, where the Swiss, thirteen hundred mountaineers in all, Wilhelm Tell among them, routed twenty thousand of the wellarmed chivalry of Austria, — dating from that heroic Thermopylæ of theirs the foundation of the Swiss Confederacy, as, larger and perhaps not less resolute, we see it to-day, ready to defy, if need be, single-handed, the greatest military nation of the earth;— and how, thirty years afterwards, the men of Schwyz and Uri go forth, nine hundred strong, — among them Tell, and Werner Stauflacher, now bent with years, — to the aid of Bern, threatened by the nobles roundabout; — and how, in 1332, was formed the league with Lucerne, whereby the beautiful lake gets its name as the Lake of the Four Forest Cantons;— and how, one sultry July day in 1386, the men of Schwyz and Uri and Unterwalden, together with other Swiss,— some of them armed with the very Halberds with which their fathers defended the pass at Morgarten,—fought again their hereditary enemy, Austria, by the clear waters of the little Lake of Sempach; how, when they saw the enemy, they fell upon their knees, according to their ancient custom, and prayed to God, and then with loud war-cry dashed at full run upon the Austrian host, whose shields were like a dazzling wall, and their spears like a forest, and the Mayor of Lucerne with sixty of his followers went down in the shock, but not a single one of the Austrians recoiled; and how at that critical, dreadful moment, — for the flanks of the enemy’s phalanx were advancing to encompass them, — there suddenly strode forth the Knight Arnold Strutthan von Winkelried, crying, “ I will make a path for you ! care for my wife and children!” and, rushing forward, grasped several spears and buried them in his breast, — a large, strong man, he bore the soldiers down with him as he fell, and his companions pushed forward over his dead body into the midst of the host, and the victory was won, and another book was added to the epic story of the men of Schwyz and Uri and Unterwalden;— and how Duke Leopold fell lighting bravely, as became his house, and six hundred and fifty nobles with him, so that there was mourning at the Court of Austria for many a rear, and men said it was a judgment upon the reckless spirit of the nobles; and how Martin Malterer, standard-bearer, of Freyburg in the Breisgau, happening to come upon Leopold as he was dying, was as one petrified, and the banner fell from his hands, and he threw himself across the body of Leopold to save it from further outrage, waiting for and finding his own death there ; — and how this ruinous contest between Switzerland and Austria was not finally closed till the time of Maximilian, in 1499, when first the right of private war was abolished in Germany;—and how, through the various fortunes of the succeeding centuries, the character of the Swiss has remained for the most part the same as in the earlier time:— these things one may read at large elsewhere ; but we hasten to the conclusion.
The story of Tell has been the subject of several dramas. Lemierre, a popular French dramatist of his day, (though J. J. Rousseau affects to call him a scribe whom the French Academy once crowned,) produced a play founded upon it, in Paris, in 1766; but the language of Swiss freemen on a French stage was little to the taste of those days, and it was a failure. Voltaire, when asked what he thought of if, replied,—"Il n'y a rien à dire; il est écrit en langue du pays.” But twenty years afterwards it was revived with prodigious success; for the truth which was in it flashed out then, forerunner of the storm which was soon to break over France. Again, when Florian, whom we are to remember always for his “Fables,” banished in 1793 by the decree which forbade nobles to remain in Paris, taking refuge at Sceaux, was arrested and thrown into prison, he consoled his captivity by composing his drama of “ Guillaume Tell,”—the worst of his productions, it is recorded. Lastly, it has been consecrated tor all time by the genius of Friedrich Schiller. The legend was first brought to Schiller's notice, doubtless, by Goethe, who writes to him concerning it from Switzerland in 1797. Goethe himself thought of founding an epic on it. It was not, however, till 1801, before his journey to Dresden, that Schiller’s attention was permanently directed to it. Completed on the 18th of February, it was brought out at Weimar on the 17th of March, 1804, with the most extraordinary success: tin fifth act, however, was suppressed, in deference to the intended court allianee with the daughter of a murdered Russian emperor; it not being considered good taste to represent the assassination of an autocrat upon such an occasion.
Schiller’s drama has been translated into French by Merle d’Aubigné and others, and many times into English,—among us by the Rev. C. T. Brooks. It follows the tradition substantially. Carlyle declares. indeed, that “the incidents of the Swiss Revolution, as detailed in Tschudi or Müller, arc here faithfully preserved, even to their minutest branches.” We tarried once for several days at Brunnen, and read the play upon the spot in sight of the Rütli, in the little balcony of the pension of the Golden Eagle, with the deep, calm, blue lake at our feet, and the Hacken and Axen mountains and the Selisberg shutting out the world for a time ; and as we look at the play now, it recalls with the utmost minuteness the scenery and the coloring of it all: yet Schiller never was there. It was the last startling effulgence of his comet-like genius; for when the spring-flowers came again, he was gone from our earth.
In the last act of the great drama, as Tell sits at his cottage-door in Bürglen in Uri, surrounded by his wife and children, after the consummation of the deed, there approaches a monk begging alms; — it is the parricide Duke John, flying the sight and presence of men. In the contrast of the feelings of these two persons, then and there, one reads Schiller’s justification of his hero. As it to complete by contrast the moral of the drama of “ Tell,” it is related also in the tradition, that in 1354, when the stream ot the Schächen was swollen, Tell, then bowing under the snowy years, seeing a child fall into it, as he passed that way, plunged in, and lost his life. Uhland Las indicated this in his “ Death of Tell,” as only Uhland could:-
Some liken life to a book to be read in. To us it is rather an unwritten poem which each age repeats to the next,—melodious sometimes, as when the blind old mythic bard of Chios sang it under the olive-trees, by the blue Ægean, to the listening Greeks, thirsty for beauty, drinking it ever with their eyes, and with their lips lisping it, — or rough and more full of meaning, as when, with the men of Schwyz and Uri and Unterwalden, the great idea of freedom, majestic as their mountains, utters itself, composed and stern, in deeds which for all tune make Switzerland honored and free.
On the 10th of November, 1859, the heart of Germany beat with gladness, if touched also with a certain sorrow, as in every hamlet, on every hill-side, from the German Ocean to the Tyrolese Alps, from the Vosges to the Carpathians and the Slavic border, the people met to celebrate with simple rites the hundredth birthday of its great poet Schiller, in whom they recognize not more what he did than what he sought after, whose striving is their striving, from highest to lowest,—the ideal man, burning to gather them together, and fold them as one flock under one shepherd, that, no longer divided, they may face the world and the future with one heart, with one great trembling hope, to lead the new civilization to its lasting triumphs.
Schiller had sung of Wilhelm Tell; and the men of Schwyz remembered him on that occasion, too, on the Rütli, with their confederates from Oberwalden and Niederwalden. On the afternoon of the 11th of November, they met at Brunnen,—on the lake, as we have said, — the men of Schwyz embarking in one great boat, amidst peals of music, while numberless little canoes received the others. The wind, blowing strong from the north, filled the sail, and, as they floated down the Bay of Uri, they remembered Stauffacher and his friends, who had glided over the same dark waters at dead of night, past the Mytenstein to the Rütli, and the old time lived again; and the little chapel on the spot where Tell sprang ashore, erected by the Canton Uri, where once a year, since 1388, mass is said, and a sermon preached to the people, who go up in solemn procession of little boats, looked friendly over to them ; and the countrymen of Schiller, present for the first time from Stuttgart and Munich, wondered at the solemn beauty of the snowpeaks reflected in the waters below. A chorus of many voices broke upon the mountain-stillness, as the little fleet approached the Rütli; the men of Uri, already there, “the first on the spot,” and with them the men of Gersan, a valiant band, answered in a song of welcome; and they shook each other by the hand, and made a little circle, three hundred in all, upon the Riitli; and Lusser pf Uri thanked the men of Schwyz for the invitation to remember their fathers here on the five hundred and fifty-second anniversary of the deeds which Schiller has so gloriously sung. We best remember the poet by repeating and upholding his words:—
Then they read the scene of the Rütli Oath from Schiller’s play, and sing the Swiss national song, “ Callest thou, my Fatherland ? ” And the pastor Tschümperlin admonishes them that they best cultivate the spirit of Schiller and Tell by worthy training of their children. As they are about to break up at last, the Landammann Styger of Schwyz suggests a beautiful thing to them:—“ As we came from Brunnen, and looked up at the Mytenstein as we passed it, — the great pyramid rising up there out of the water as if meant by Nature for a monument, — it seemed to us that a memorial tablet should be placed there, simple like the column itself, with words like these : ‘To Him who wrote “Tell,” on his One Hundredth Birthday, the Original Cantons.’ ” And the proposition was received with unanimous shout of assent. “ This was the worthy ending of the Schiller-Festival on the Rütli,” says the contemporary chronicle.
On the 10th day of November, 1859, also, there was put into the hands of the Central Committee of the Society of the Swiss Union the deed of purchase ot the Rütli. It is in the handwriting of Franz Lusser of Uri, Clerk of the Court, and dated the 10th of November, the birthday of Schiller. Thus Switzerland owns its sacred places, and the titledeeds long laid up in its heart are written out at last.
On the 21st of October of last year, on a brilliant afternoon, the men of Schwyz and Uri went forth again from Brunnen, with the chief magistracy of the land. From Treib came the Unterwaldners, all in richly decorated boats, and the inhabitants of Lucerne in two steamboats with much music, meeting in front of the Mytenstein, which lifts its colossal front eighty feet above the water there. The top of it was covered with a large boatsail, with the arms of the original Cantons and Swiss mottoes on it; in a wreath of evergreen, the arms of the other Cantons ; in the middle of it, in token of the twenty-two Cantons, a white cross upon red ground; above all, the flag of the Confederacy spread to the Föhn. At the foot was a little stand made of twigs for the speaker, about which the little fleet was grouped, under the charge of the Landammann Aufdermauer of Brunnen, a gallant gentleman, host of the Golden Eagle, with his kind little sister, of whom we spoke at the beginning.
When all was still, Uri opens the musical trilogy, — the words by P. Gall. Morell, monk of Einsiedeln, the music by Baumgartner of Zürich; Unterwalden takes up the burden; then Schwyz; then all three in chorus; — and the echo of the fresh voices among the rocks there was as in a cathedral. Then Landammann Styger climbs to the stand, and makes a little speech, and reads a letter from Schiller’s daughter, (of which presently,) while the curious shepherd-boys stretch out their necks over the craggy tops of the Selisberg to look down upon the lively scene below.
At the end of his speech, Styger lets fall the sail amid the beating of the drums and the shouts of the multitude; and on the flat sides of the rock appear the gilded metal letters, a foot high, — “ To the Singer of Tell, Fr. Schiller, the Original Cantons, 1859.” And there were other little speeches,—one by Lusser, who exclaims with much truth, “ The rocks of our mountains can be broken, but not bent”; and then followed the Swiss psalm by Zwysig, And afterwards, in the evening, a feast in the Golden Eagle in Brunnen, at which, with the ancient sobriety, they remember the dangers of the present, and affirm their neutrality, which should not hang upon the caprice of a neighbor, but be grounded in their own will, for there is no Lord in Christendom for them except Him who is above all.
Thus wrote Schiller’s daughter:—
“ Gentlemen of the Committee of the Schiller Memorial on the Mytenstein :—
“Your friendly words have truly delighted and deeply moved my heart;— not less the engraving of the Mytenstein, which shall stand as the very worthy and noble memorial of the Singer of Wilhelm Tell in the land of the Swiss for all time forever,—a token of recognition of the genius which, struggling for the highest good of mankind, has found its home in the hearts of all noble men and women. W ith infinite joy I greeted the beautiful idea, so wholly worthy of the land as of the poet,—there, where magnificent Nature, grown friendly, offers its hand on the very ground where one of the noblest, most finished creations of Schiller takes root, to consecrate to him a memorial which, defying time and storms, shall illumine afar off every heart which turns to it.
“ In memory also of my beloved mother, Charlotte, Schiller’s earthly angel, I rejoice in this memorial. She it was who, with deepest love for Switzerland, which she calls the land of her affections, where she passed happy youthful days from 1783 to 1784, led Schiller to it, and by her fresh, lively descriptions made him partake of it; and so prepared the way for the genius which could embrace and penetrate all things for the masterly representation of the country, which, unfortunately, his feet never trod. If, unhappily, I am not able to be present at the festival on the 21st of October, I am not the less thankful for your kind invitation; and in that sacred hour I will be with you in Spirit, deeply sympathizing with all that the noble idea brought into life.
“ A little memorial of the 10th of November, 1859, representing Schiller and Charlotte, I pray you, Gentlemen, to accept of me, and, when you recall the parents, to remember also the daughter.
Respectfully yours,
EMILIE V. GLEICHEN-RUSSWURM, geb. v. SCHILLER.
Greiffenstein ob Bonnland. 12 October, 1860.
In the churchyard of Cleversulzbach lies buried, since the 2d of May, 1802, the mother of Schiller. Prof. Dr. E. Mörika, when he was preacher there, erected a simple stone cross over the grave, and with his own hands engraved upon it the words, “ Schiller’s Mother.” On the famous 10th of November, 1859, woman’s hand decorated the grave with flowers, and put a laurel wreath upon the cross; and in the hour when great cities with festal processions and banquets and oratory and jubilant song offered their homage to the son, a few persons gathered around the grave of the mother, and in the silence there planted a linden-tree; for in stillness thus, while she lived, had his mother done her part, lovingly and with faith, to unfold and consecrate the genius of Friedrich Schiller,
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 28
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Von_Hohenberg-6
|
en
|
Gertrud von Hohenberg (abt.1225-1281)
|
[
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/female.gif.pagespeed.ce._HpxLyYvZO.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/70/Flags.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/help.gif.pagespeed.ce.1TvA_97yy8.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Gertrud von Hohenberg genealogy"
] | null |
[] |
1281-02-16T00:00:00
|
Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Gertrud von Hohenberg born abt. 1225 Deilingen died 1281 Vienna including ancestors + descendants + 1 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Von_Hohenberg-6
|
WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH
IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY.
© 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 27
|
https://www.myheritage.com/names/agnes_von%2520hapsburg
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 25
|
https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Gertrude_of_Hohenburg_%25281%2529
|
en
|
Error
|
[
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/new-wr-logo-sm.png",
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Special:Badtitle"
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles.
Return to Main Page.
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 69
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
en
|
1291) » Ancestral Trails 2016 » Genealogy Online
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
[
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/waarschuwing2.png",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-pp.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-p.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-c.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/logo/aanknopingspunten.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"pedigree research",
"genealogy",
"pedigree",
"ancestors",
"ancesteral tree making",
"prayer cards",
"gedcom"
] | null |
[
"Patti Lee Salter"
] | null |
Rudolf von HABSBURG was born on May 1, 1218 in Schloss Limburgh, Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl, Breisgau, Germany, son of Albrecht von HABSBURG and Heilwig von KYBURG. He was married on February 6, 1284 to Isabella de BURGUNDY. He was married in the year 1251 in Alsace, Bas-Rhein, France to Gertrude Anna von HOHENBERG, they had 9 children. He died on July 15, 1291 in Speyer, Speyer, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. This information is part of Ancestral Trails 2016 by Patti Lee Salter on Genealogy Online.
|
en
|
Genealogy Online
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
Personal data Rudolf von HABSBURG I
Source 1
He was born on May 1, 1218 in Schloss Limburgh, Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl, Breisgau, Germany.
Title: King of Germany/Count of Habsburg
(Ancestry) : House of Habsburg.
He died on July 15, 1291 in Speyer, Speyer, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany , he was 73 years old.
He is buried July 1291 in Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Rheinland-Palatinate, Germany.
A child of Albrecht von HABSBURG and Heilwig von KYBURG
Household of Rudolf von HABSBURG I
(1) He is married to Isabella de BURGUNDY.
They got married on February 6, 1284, he was 65 years old.
(2) He is married to Gertrude Anna von HOHENBERG.
They got married in the year 1251 at Alsace, Bas-Rhein, France, he was 32 years old.
Child(ren):
Notes about Rudolf von HABSBURG I
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291), was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria against his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories would remain under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, they would form the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria
The first German king of the Habsburg dynasty, he played a vital role in raising the comital house to the rank of Imperial princes. He was also the first in a number of late medieval count-kings, so-called by the historian Bernd Schneidmüller, from the rivalling noble houses of Habsburg, Luxembourg, and Wittelsbach, all striving after the Roman-German royal dignity, which ultimately was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1438.
Rudolf was born on 1 May 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. At his father's death in 1239, he inherited large estates from him around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. As a result, he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in the Imperial Kingdom of Italy, especially in the Lombardy region, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden - 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 - 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Catherine (1256 - 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257 - 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxony and became the mother of Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262 - after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden - 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 - 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Judith of Habsburg (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271 - 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anne of Bohemia (1290-1313), duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292-1330), countess of Luxembourg.
Charles (1276-1276)
Rudolf's last agnatic descendant was Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress (1717-1780), by Albert I of Germany's fourth son Albert II, Duke of Austria.
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern parts of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of the Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
SOURCE: Wikipedia
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Czech: Rudolf Habsburský), 1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291, was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and the elected King of the Romans from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria in opposition to his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria.
Rudolf was the first king of the Romans of the Habsburg dynasty, and he played a vital role in raising the comital house to the rank of Imperial princes. He was also the first of a number of late medieval count-kings, so called by the historian Bernd Schneidmüller, from the rival noble houses of Habsburg, Luxembourg, and Wittelsbach, all striving after the Roman-German royal dignity, which ultimately was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1438.
Rudolf was born on 1 May 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and of Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. Around 1232, he was given as a squire to his uncle, Rudolf I, Count of Laufenburg, to train in knightly pursuits.
Count of Habsburg
At his father's death in 1239, he inherited large estates from him around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. Thus, in 1240 in order to quell the rising power of Rudolf and in an attempt to place the important "Devil’s Bridge" (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schöllenenschlucht under his direct control, Emperor Frederick II, granted Schwyz Reichsfreiheit in the Freibrief von Faenza.
In 1242, Hugh of Tuffenstein provoked Count Rudolf through contumelious expressions.[clarification needed] In turn, the Count of Habsburg had invaded his domains, yet failed to take his seat of power. As the day passed on[clarification needed], Count Rudolf bribed the sentinels of the city and gained entry, killing Hugh in the process. Then in 1244, to help control Lake Lucerne and restrict the neighboring forest communities of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, Rudolf built near its shores Neuhabsburg Castle. In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. He received as her dowry the castles of Oettingen, the valley of Weile, and other places in Alsace, and he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy. That same year, Emperor Frederick II was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV at the Council of Lyon. Rudolf sided against the Emperor, while the forest communities sided with Frederick. This gave them a pretext to attack and damage Neuhabsburg. Rudolf successfully defended it and drove them off. As a result, Rudolf, by siding with the Pope, gained more power and influence.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he engaged with other nobles of the Staufen party against Bertold II, Bishop of Basle. When night fell, he penetrated the suburbs of Basle and burnt down the local nunnery. Pope Innocent IV excommunicated him and all parties involved. As penance, he took up the cross and joined Ottokar II, King of Bohemia in the Prussian Crusade of 1254. Whilst there, he oversaw the founding of the city of Königsberg, which was named in memory of King Ottokar.
King of the Germans
Rudolf was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolf renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, despite the protests of Ottokar II of Bohemia, not only recognised Rudolf himself, but persuaded King Alfonso X of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German (anti-)king in 1257 as the successor to Count William II of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolf surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty whom he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274, the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg decided that all Crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that King Ottokar II must answer to the Diet for not recognising the new king. Ottokar refused to appear or to restore the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia together with the March of Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Margrave Hermann VI of Baden. Rudolf refuted Ottokar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the Imperial crown due to the lack of male-line heirs. King Ottokar was placed under the imperial ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him.
Having persuaded Ottokar's former ally Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria to switch sides, Rudolf compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then re-invested Ottokar with the Kingdom of Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Ottokar's son Wenceslaus II, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Ottokar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, and procured the support of several German princes, again including Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolf formed an alliance with King Ladislaus IV of Hungary and gave additional privileges to the Viennese citizens. On 26 August 1278, the rival armies met at the Battle on the Marchfeld, where Ottokar was defeated and killed. The March of Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolf's representatives, leaving Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Slavonia in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus II was again betrothed to Rudolf's youngest daughter Judith.
Rudolf's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, at the Hoftag (imperial diet) in Augsburg, Rudolf invested his sons, Albert and Rudolf II, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, a merely titular dignity, as the duchy had been without an actual ruler since Conradin's execution.[citation needed] The 27-year-old Duke Albert, married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (1238-95), was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286, King Rudolf fully invested Albert's father-in-law Count Meinhard with the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the conquered provinces taken from Ottokar. The Princes of the Empire did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too. Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Count Philip I of Savoy to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing. In 1289 he marched against Count Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281, Rudolf's first wife died. On 5 February 1284, he married Isabella, daughter of Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy, the Empire's western neighbor in the Kingdom of France.
Rudolf was not very successful in restoring internal peace. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces[clarification needed] in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole Empire. But the king lacked the power, resources, and determination to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia, where he destroyed a number of robber castles. In 1291, he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. The electors refused, however, claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, wary of the increasing power of the House of Habsburg. Upon Rudolf's death they elected Count Adolf of Nassau.
Death
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291 and was buried in Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern part of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
Family and children
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1251, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (ca. 1253, Rheinfelden - 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 - 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Catherine (1256 - 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes [Gertrude] (ca. 1257 - 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxony and became the mother of Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
Hedwig (ca. 1259 - 26 January 1285/27 October 1286), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262 - after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden - 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 - 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Judith of Habsburg (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271 - 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anne of Bohemia (1290-1313), duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292-1330), countess of Luxembourg.
Samson (bef. 19 Oct 1275 - died young).
Charles (14 February 1276 - 16 August 1276).
Rudolf's last agnatic descendant was Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress (1717-1780), by Albert I of Germany's fourth son Albert II, Duke of Austria.
SOURCE: Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany
Do you have supplementary information, corrections or questions with regards to Rudolf von HABSBURG I?
The author of this publication would love to hear from you!
Timeline Rudolf von HABSBURG I
This functionality is only available in Javascript supporting browsers.
|
|||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 24
|
https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Rudolph_of_Habsburg_(Premysloides_Dynasty)
|
en
|
Rudolph of Habsburg (Premysloides Dynasty)
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200118201254
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200118201254
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210916044045",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210916044045",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/175?cb=20200118201254",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Alternative History"
] | null |
Rudolph, or Rudolf of Habsburg, was among most important military commanders and military governors of Emperor Romanos V during Imperial Restoration and participated on military reforms and reorganization during Imperial Reformation. He is called "Father of Foreigners", as he organized non-Greek...
|
en
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210916203836
|
Alternative History
|
https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Rudolph_of_Habsburg_(Premysloides_Dynasty)
|
Rudolf of Habsburg[]
Rudolph, or Rudolf of Habsburg, was among most important military commanders and military governors of Emperor Romanos V during Imperial Restoration and participated on military reforms and reorganization during Imperial Reformation.
He is called "Father of Foreigners", as he organized non-Greek and non-Roman military units within Empire and also called "Stalwart Defender of Empire", for his role in defense of Dalmatia and in many imperial conquests.
Early life[]
Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218 in southwestern territories of Holy Roman Empire, in Germany, as son of Albert IV of Habsburg.
In early years, Rudolf trained on knight and was squire of Count of Laufenberg.
After Albert death in 1245, Rudolf married Gertrude of Hohenberg, but their position was weakened during civil wars in Holy Roman Empire. Rudolf supported Pope against Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. This support led to uprising of Frederick loyalists and armed landlords, knights and various local bands attacked Rudolf.
He defeated them, repel their attack and force them to submit to Pope. To his much dismay, Pope did not grant him any rights, did not confirm him any position and declined pay him any reward for defeat of his enemies.
This had deep impact on Rudolf relations and stances toward Papal State. While he won and defeated Frederick loyalists, his treasure was exhausted, his levies weakened and he lost enormous sum of silver and gold in bloody clashes.
Mercenary[]
After Winter 1246, Rudolf decided to make money by mercenary services. He was capable warrior, cunning tactician, ruthless warlord and strongman. From Spring 1246 until Spring 1248, Rudolf fought in various places.
Rudolf commanded group of Austrian and Swiss sellswords in Hungarian Army, during Battle of the Leitha River against tyrannical lord Frederick Babenberg.
In early 1247, Rudolf led 327 sellswords in service of Lordship of Ireland and helped defeat rebelling petty lords of Ireland.
From July to September 1247, Rudolf participated on siege of Sevilla and defeat of Arabs and Moors. In Sevilla, Rudolf was responsible for defense of siege camps and repelling Arab assaults on camps.
200 Swiss archers and 350 Austrians infantry commanded by Rudolf participated on decisive victory over Frederick II of Hohenstaufen in Battle of Parma in February 1248.
In Imperial service[]
Imperial Restoration[]
After Parma, Rudolf was contacted by general Septimius Severu Flavius, commander-in-chief of Nicean loyalists, who in that time summoned and hired many foreign military experts, mercenaries and officers to join imperial forces. General Flavius appointed Rudolf as commander of light infantry.
Despite first doubts of possible cooperation, as Romanos was distant relative of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Rudolf very soon recognized capabilities and talent of young ruler, as well as his gold and silver and great potential for reaching large loot and became very rich and powerful.
General Flavius grant Rudolf prestigeous title of ethnarchés, commander of foreign troops. Rudolf experiences with mercenaries and their formations were more similar to Imperial Army than his original experiences with levies and so he was able to fully integrate in to Imperial Army, despite he was contracted mercenary.
As ethnarchés, Rudolf was responsible for all non-Greek and non-Roman mercenaries, volunteers and troops. In this position, he recruited Franks, Britons, Normans and Germans to Imperial Army, but with few successes. Altogether, he was able to hire 571 mercenaries and volunteers from foreign lands, but even that counted and most of them fought in Siege of Thessaloniky.
In era of Imperial Restoration, Rudolf proved himself as field commander, rather than organizer and recruiter. In Battle of Thessaloniky, Rudolf commanded 800 infantry troops and 500 mercenaries in center of Thessaloniky defense and led raids against northern siege camps. As former defender of siege camps, he had wisdom about weaknesses and advantages of these camps and was able to use them, breakthrough and force enemies to fight him, while Frederick II cavalry and infantry attacked enemy in back.
After great victory in Thessaloniky, Rudolf participated on long campaign against Venice and he was among officers, who supported Emperor Romanos decision to attack Venice, instead of capturing Constantinople. He commanded land forces moving through Dalmatia and led joint assaults on Venetian towns and port cities at Dalmatian coasts. He personally commanded imperial forces conquering and raiding Butrint, Ragusa and helped with siege of Zara.
After fall of these cities and decision to restore imperial authority over Dalmatia, Rudolph was appointed to position of military governor (first appointed military governor, after forming this position in Chadenos reforms) of Dalmatia.
In Siege of Venice, Rudolph became pioneer of urban warfare tactic and was able to learn new experiences and methods from Venetian defenders, who fortified their districts, settlements, quarters and every each street and bridge. Rudolph armed his troops with short swords and better equipment and sent them to eliminate resistance in various quarters and observed whole combat. Rudolph was personally responsible for conquering Arsenal of Venice and destruction of this strategic military-industrial workshop of Venice.
Fall of Venice became first well documented urban warfare battle and Rudolph experiences were later used to improve Imperial Army.
Rudolph and his mercenaries victoriously conquered Dorsoduro, besieged and captured church of San Pantalon and cut off San Polo island of Venice from southern districts, which were bombarded by Imperial Fleet and secured by naval troops. Rudolph was defeated during first two attempts of capturing Basilica dei Frari, where he suffered large casualties (of 1,000 foreign mercenaries attacking Basilica, only 172 survived these attempts). Third and final, victorious, attempt was conduct by Varangian Guard led by unknown Varangian officer.
Rudolph left battlefield and moved to rear, where he overseen treatment of survivors, training of recruits and reinforcements and studied imperial and military administration, as he accepted that he can not return to his homeland, because now he is enemy of all his former allies and friends.
After Fall of Venice, Rudolph successfully participated as field commander on Crete (where he commanded landing and naval invasion as advisor and aide of admiral Licarios) and in Achaea (where he commanded siege of Mystras). In both case, he was very successfull and helped Licarios, respectively Strategopulos and Constantine Argyros, in liberation of still-occupied lands. On Crete, he used Orthodox rebels and when remaining Venetian garrison struggle with rebels, he conquered eastern districts of Candia and allowed imperial naval troops to secure rest of city. On Achaea, he proved as talented organizer, as he was able to secure supplying siege troops from local villages and at the same time, he raided and destroyed various lairs of bandits, mostly former Latin knights and nobles, who after collapse of Latin Empire decide for career of rapists and looters and terrorized local villages.
On October 8, 1250, Rudolph was awarded with titles, life annuity and some lands of former Latin lords near Zara. He moved his wife Gertrude and his court to Zara. After this, his former castle and lands were raided and plundered by Lombard League and Papal supporters.
Military Governor - "Defender of Empire"[]
Rudolph was among those who observed Emperor Romanos V coronation in Hagia Sophia and after Liberation of Achaea, he moved to Zara in order to take his office.
Rudolph regard military province of Dalmatia as vital for Roman Empire, because it was frontier territory near northern Italy, still ruled by anti-Imperial Lombard League. Province also controlling Adriatic Sea and is important in Mediterranean commerce.
Rudolph first step was secure province and eliminate all large bandit and pro-Latin rebel nests. He used his mercenaries and also founded mercenary guilds in province, which were granted special concession in religious freedom, so Catholic mercenaries can join these guilds and also join Imperial Army and Imperial Fleet.
Rudolph recruited his units from those Lombard cities, which were loyal to Emperor Frederick II, but were destroyed or defeated by anti-Imperial forces of Lombard League. He also granted job to exiled knights and mercenaries. With this, he recruited 1,247 troops from Italy and 365 from Austria. These troops, most of them veterans, became core of Dalmatian officer corps of Imperial Army and most experienced were put in to charge of training.
Rudolph divided armed forces in Dalmatia in to three classes:
Militia, composed mostly by peasants trained with short swords or war scythes and with light armour. General arming and training of peasants was important step to decrease crime rate and banditism, as all bandits must count that most peasants they attack, will be armed and trained, despite their training was very basic.
City Guard of well trained and well equiped forces, but tied to their hometown. Financed and trained partially by cities itself and partially by the Empire. They were trained for defending cities, for urban warfare, laying traps in streets, assaulting siege camps and also were assigned to eliminate criminals in their cities. At beginning, number of city guards were in whole Dalmatia only 372. These guards defended 20 cities in whole Dalmatia. When Rudolph moved to Bohemia, number of city guards was about 2,500.
Garrison, formed by well armed, well trained and organized troops under Rudolph direct command and serving Imperial Army and Imperial Fleet. Their number increased from 1,500 at end of Imperial Restoration to 20,000 in 1265.
Rudolph focused on building military infrastructure - barracks, fortification, training fields and camps, guard towers, road outposts, recruitment centers, military blacksmiths and forges and also connecting local traders and artisans with military to secure supplying of food and light arms, without dependency on Empire (however, Empire provided all funding for these supplies). His efforts had positive impact on Dalmatian economy.
Rudolph work and efforts pay off, as Lombard League really attacked Dalmatia and Roman Empire in 1256, 1258 and 1264. During first attack, they plundered Istria and destroyed city Trieste. In 1258 and 1264 raids, Lombard League forces were defeated and during counter-attack personally led by Rudolph, 8,000 imperial troops raided Treviso, Vicenza, Ferrara and Padova. Rudolph did not tried to conquer cities, but rather plundered local farms, destroyed mines, roads, kidnapped 12,000 local people in to slavery and burned down pastures and field. Only Treviso was besieged, conquered and razed by Rudolph forces. This victories stopped all attempts of Lombard League to attack Dalmatia and probably had deep impact on planning of Manuel Angelos invasion of Roman Empire, as he moved through Serbia and Bosnia, instead by coasts of Adriatic Sea through Dalmatia, where he would be in better supplying and reinforcements conditions with Italian states.
Political career[]
Rudolph also participated in politics. He was imperial senator of Dalmatia for 10 years, since 1255 to 1265 and was among senators supporting abolishing all state control over naval trade in Adriatic Sea. He cooperated with civilian governors and used his troops for public works.
Civil War in Bohemia[]
For his experiences from Central Europe and Austria, Rudolph was among first commanders taken by Emperor Romanos V during his campaign in Bohemia and was present at coronation of Romanos to position of King of Bohemia.
After coronation, during large feast, Emperor Romanos named Rudolph to position of military governor of Bohemia and tasked Rudolph to build strong garrison in Bohemia to protect Premysloides and imperial interests in rich kingdom.
Next four years, Rudolph harshly and strictly implemented imperial military reforms and structures in to semi-feudal and feudal system of Bohemia, which persuaded many moderate supporters of Empire to join anti-Imperial opposition and also strenghtened opposition forces.
Rudolph, who underestimated opposition forces, especially on Moravia, focused on building military forces in Bohemia and was shocked when large-scale rebellion started during November 1267. Rebels killed many imperial officials, local prefects, destroyed granaries, damaged walls and ambushed many patrols and eliminated Romanos punitive corps with killing about 800 imperial troops.
General Diogenes Martus, deputy of Rudolph, was sent by Rudolph to suppress rebellion in Olomouc and Brno. Martus forces were encirceled and destroyed in Olomouc. 10,000 imperial troops and loyalists were killed or wounded and captured, which was about 80% of imperial garrison. Roman Empire was not able to sent reinforcements and rest of imperial forces in Bohemia were in Prague.
Rudolph decided ordered "evacuation of Bohemia". He negotiated with Hungarian King Béla IV and reached agreement that will allow loyalists to pass through Hungarian territory in to Roman Empire.
50,000 loyalists (until 1312 another 300,000) with coronation jewels and crowns, were evacuated. Important morale victory was evacuation of "Golden Bull of Sicily" (document declaring Premyslid Dynasty as ruling dynasty of Bohemia), "Golden Bull of Ulm" (document declaring hereditary succession in Bohemia) and "Golden Bull of Melf" (declaring Bohemia as Kingdom and confirming hereditary primogeniture of Premyslids). These three documents were later used as special amendments of First Imperial Constitution.
Rudolph also ordered evacuation of all gold and silver mined in Bohemian mines. About 40 tonns of gold and 100 tonns of silver were sent to Empire and imperial troops, for first time in their history, used scorched earth tactic and destroyed all mines, burned all farms, stole all horses and cattles they can, plundered all villages, that supported rebels or did not joined their evacuation in to Empire. While this tactic was criticized by late historians and moralists, it led to weakening of Bohemia under King Vok I rule.
Rudolph led defense of Prague with about 2,000 regular troops and 4,000 militia troops of hastly recruited, poor-trained and bad equipped, but determined and loyal. They were able to defend Prague and Prague Castle for five months and during this time, they prevented nearly 20,000 rebels in joining their struggle against Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.
Rudolph died during man-to-man combat in halls and corridors of Prague Castle. His body was never found, but Emperor Romanos held mourning and public funeral for Rudolph and his troops. Dalmatia mourned for nearly month and thousands Dalmatian man promised vengeance on Vok and his rebels, but no one fulfilled their promises.
|
||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 26
|
https://familypedia.fandom.com/wiki/Albrecht_II._von_Habsburg_(1298-1358)
|
en
|
Albrecht II. von Habsburg (1298-1358)
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Albrecht_Zweite_%C3%96sterreich.jpg",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/genealogy/images/9/90/Male_Icon.svg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/18?cb=20090604073330",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Albrecht_Zweite_%C3%96sterreich.jpg",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Familypedia"
] |
2024-07-29T22:27:06+00:00
|
Albrecht II von Habsburg, Graf von Habsburg, Herzog von Österreich, Herzog von Kärnten, was born 12 December 1298 Habsburg Castle in Habsburg, Switzerland to Albrecht I von Habsburg (1255-1308) and Elisabeth von Kärnten (1262-1313) and died 16 August 1358 Vienna, Austria of unspecified causes...
|
en
|
/skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico
|
Familypedia
|
https://familypedia.fandom.com/wiki/Albrecht_II._von_Habsburg_(1298-1358)
|
Biography
Albrecht II von Habsburg, Graf von Habsburg, Herzog von Österreich, Herzog von Kärnten, was born 12 December 1298 Habsburg Castle in Habsburg, Switzerland to Albrecht I von Habsburg (1255-1308) and Elisabeth von Kärnten (1262-1313) and died 16 August 1358 Vienna, Austria of unspecified causes. He married Johanna of Pfirt (1300-1351) 26 March 1324 JL in Vienna, Austria.
Albert II of Austria (12 December 1298 – 16 August 1358), known as the Wise or the Lame, was Duke of Austria.
Life
Albert II was born at Habsburg Castle in Habsburg, the son of Albert I of Germany, Rex Romanorum, and Elisabeth of Tirol. He became the joint ruler of all Habsburg lands with his younger brother, Otto the Merry in 1330, while increasing his possessions by the inheritance of his wife Joan, which was made up of the County of Pfirt and several cities.
Furthermore, Albert succeeded in establishing his claims on Carinthia and Carniola against John of Bohemia. Reflecting his high reputation among the secular and Church leaders of Europe, in 1335 Pope Benedict XII asked him to mediate in the church's conflict with Emperor Louis the Bavarian. Two years later, King Philip VI of France 1337 asked him for help against Emperor Louis and King Edward III of England. Nevertheless, Albert remained faithful to the Emperor until Louis' death.
He established the "Albertinian House Rule" (Albertinische Hausordnung) to predetermine the rules of succession in the Austrian lands, although the rule was disregarded after his death until renewed by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Adopted as part of the Pragmatic Sanction, the Albertinian House Rule effectively remained one of the basic laws of Austria until 1918. Styria owes him its (former) constitution, the so-called "Mountain Book" (Bergbüchel); the same is true for Carinthia.
Albert began the construction of the Gothic Choir in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, known as the Albertinian Choir. It has been speculated that he had temporal paralysis (explaining his nickname "Albert the Lame") caused by polyarthritis. If so, however, it did not prevent him from fathering four children: Rudolf, who succeeded him as duke, Frederick (2nd Duke), Albert III (3rd Duke), and Leopold (3rd co-Duke).
Albert died at Vienna in 1358 and was buried in a monastery of his own foundation, Gaming Charterhouse in Lower Austria.
Family and children
He married 15 February 1324 Countess Johanna of Pfirt, daughter of Count Ulrich III of Pfirt and had the following children:
Rudolf IV of Austria 1 November 1339, Vienna – 27 July 1365, Milan). Married but line extinct.
Catherine (1342, Vienna – 10 January 1381, Vienna), Abbess of St. Klara in Vienna.
Margaret (1346, Vienna – 14 January 1366, Brno), married:
in Passau 4 September 1359 Count Meinhard III of Gorizia-Tyrol;
in Vienna 1364 Margrave Johann Heinrich of Moravia.
Frederick III of Austria (1347, Vienna – 1362, Vienna). Died unmarried.
Albert III of Austria (9 September 1349, Vienna – 29 August 1395, Castle Laxenburg).
Leopold III (1 November 1351, Vienna – 9 July 1386, Sempach).
Ancestry
References
Gabrielle Caerr-Stamm: Johanna von Pfirt, Gattin des Habsburgers Albrecht II. Herzog von Österreich oder das europäische Schicksal einer Elsässerin ("wife of Habsburg Albert II Duke of Austria or the European Fate of an Alsatian"). Sundgaugeschichtsverein, Riedisheim 1996, ISBN 2-908498-06-5.
Franz Kurz: Österreich unter Herzog Albrecht dem Lahmen ("Austria under Duke Albert the Lame"), Haslinger, Linz 1819.
Children
Offspring of Albrecht II. von Habsburg and Johanna of Pfirt (1300-1351) Name Birth Death Joined with Rudolf IV. von Habsburg (1339-1365) Katharina von Habsburg (1342-1381) Margarethe von Habsburg (1346-1366) 1346 Vienna, Austria 14 January 1366 Brünn, Czech Republic Meinhard III. von Tirol-Görz (1344-1363)John Henry of Bohemia (1322-1375) Friedrich III. von Habsburg (1347-1362) Albrecht III. von Habsburg (1348-1395) 1348 Vienna, Austria 29 August 1395 Laxenburg, Lower Austria, Austria Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358-1373)Beatrix von Zollern (1362-1414) Leopold III. von Habsburg (1351-1386) 1 November 1351 Vienna, Austria 9 July 1386 Sempach, Switzerland Viridis Visconti (c1352-1414) five children died in infancy
‡ General
wikipedia:de:Albrecht II. (Österreich)
wikipedia:en:Albert II, Duke of Austria
Albrecht II. von Habsburg (1298-1358)
Born: 12 December 1298 Died: 16 August 1358 Preceded by
Frederick III the Handsome Duke of Austria and Duke of Styria
1330–1358
With: Otto the Merry 1330–1339 Succeeded by
Rudolf IV Preceded by
Henry V Duke of Carinthia
Originally co-ruler to
Otto the Merry
1335–1358
|
||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 29
|
https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Gertrude_of_Hohenburg_%25281%2529
|
en
|
Error
|
[
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/new-wr-logo-sm.png",
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Special:Badtitle"
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles.
Return to Main Page.
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 9
|
https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/tag/gertrude-of-hohenberg/
|
en
|
European Royal History
|
[
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-fb_img_1671979413412.jpg",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ceeec58e-8ca5-4026-a723-51461234d346.jpeg?w=529",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/6d62cac0-fe1a-4b99-82fd-12815b049163.png?w=529",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/430144_10151160845308468_1828907828_n.jpg",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-img_5728.png?w=50",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-img_5728.png?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Posts about Gertrude of Hohenberg written by liamfoley63
|
en
|
European Royal History
|
https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/tag/gertrude-of-hohenberg/
|
Jutta (Bonne) of Luxemburg (May 20, 1315 – September 11, 1349), was born Jutta (Judith), the second daughter of King John of Bohemia, and his first wife, Elisabeth of Bohemia, daughter of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Judith of Habsburg, the youngest daughter of King Rudolph I of the Romans/Germany and Gertrude of Hohenberg.
John the Blind or John of Luxembourg was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland. He is well known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. In his home country of Luxembourg he is considered a national hero.
Comparatively, in the Czech Republic (the Kingdom of Bohemia), is often recognized for his role as the father of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, one of the more significant Kings of Bohemia and one of the leading Holy Roman Emperors.
In June or July 1315, Jutta was betrothed to the future King Casimir the Great of Poland, son of Władysław Łokietek., but he married Aldona of Lithuania in 1325 instead.
In 1326, Jutta was next betrothed to Henri of Bar. This arrangement was broken, however, and she stayed at the abbey of Saint-Esprit until her marriage to Jean, Duke of Normandy and future King Jean II of France.
She was 17 years old, and the future king was 13. Her name Jutta (or Guta), translatable into English as Good (in the feminine case), was changed by the time of her marriage to Bonne (French) or Bona (Latin). Upon marriage, Bonne was the wife of the heir to the French throne, becoming Duchess of Normandy and Countess of Anjou and Maine.
The wedding was celebrated in the presence of six thousand guests. The festivities were prolonged by a further two months when the young groom was finally knighted at the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. John was solemnly granted the arms of a knight in front of a prestigious audience bringing together the kings of Bohemia and Navarre, and the dukes of Burgundy, Lorraine and the Brabant.
Bonne was a patron of the arts, the composer Guillaume de Machaut being one of her favorites.
She died on September 11, 1349 of the bubonic plague in Maubuisson, France at the age of thirty-four. She was buried in the Abbey of Maubuisson. however, as she died a year prior to his accession, she was never a French queen.
Among her children were King Charles V of France, Philippe II, Duke of Burgundy, and Joan, Queen of Navarre as the wife of King Charles II of Navarre.
Less than six months after Bonne’s death, Prince Jean married Joan I, Countess of Auvergne.
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291), was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and King of Germany from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albrecht IV of Habsburg and of Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. Around 1232, he was given as a squire to his uncle, Rudolf I, Count of Laufenburg, to train in knightly pursuits.
Count of Habsburg
At his father’s death in 1239, Rudolf inherited from him large estates around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. Thus, in 1240 in order to quell the rising power of Rudolf and in an attempt to place the important “Devil’s Bridge” (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schöllenenschlucht under his direct control, Emperor Friedrich II, granted Schwyz Reichsfreiheit in the Freibrief von Faenza.
Rudolf I, Count of Habsburg and King of Germany
In 1242, Hugh of Tuffenstein provoked Count Rudolf through contumelious expressions. In turn, the Count of Habsburg had invaded his domains, yet failed to take his seat of power. As the day passed on, Count Rudolf bribed the sentinels of the city and gained entry, killing Hugh in the process. Then in 1244, to help control Lake Lucerne and restrict the neighboring forest communities of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, Rudolf built near its shores Neuhabsburg Castle.
In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. He received as her dowry the castles of Oettingen, the valley of Weile, and other places in Alsace, and he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy. That same year, Emperor Friedrich II was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV at the Council of Lyon.
Rudolf sided against the Emperor, while the forest communities sided with Friedrich II. This gave them a pretext to attack and damage Neuhabsburg. Rudolf successfully defended it and drove them off. As a result, Rudolf, by siding with the Pope, gained more power and influence.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Friedrich II, and his loyalty to Friedrich and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land.
In 1254, he engaged with other nobles of the Staufen party against Bertold II, Bishop of Basle. When night fell, he penetrated the suburbs of Basle and burnt down the local nunnery, an act for which Pope Innocent IV excommunicated him and all parties involved. As a penance, he took up the cross and joined Ottokar II, King of Bohemia in the Prussian Crusade of 1254. Whilst there, he oversaw the founding of the city of Königsberg, which was named in memory of King Ottokar.
Rise to power
The disorder in Germany during the interregnum after the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty afforded an opportunity for Count Rudolf to increase his possessions. His wife was a Hohenberg heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle Count Hartmann IV of Kyburg in 1264, Rudolf seized Hartmann’s valuable estates. Successful feuds with the Bishops of Strasbourg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others.
Arms of the Counts of Habsbourg.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolf the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal Duchy of Swabia had disintegrated, enabling its vassals to become completely independent). In the autumn of 1273, the prince-electors met to choose a king after Richard of Cornwall had died in England in April 1272.
Rudolf’s election in Frankfurt on October 1, 1273, when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, the Hohenzollern burgrave Friedrich III of Nuremberg. The support of Duke Albrecht II of Saxony and Elector Palatine Ludwig II had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolf’s daughters.
As a result, within the electoral college, King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1230–1278), himself a candidate for the throne and related to the late Hohenstaufen King Philip of Swabia (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Rudolf. Other candidates were Prince Siegfried I of Anhalt and Margrave Friedrich I of Meissen (1257–1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Friedrich II, who did not yet even have a principality of his own as his father was still alive. By the admission of Duke Heinrich XIII of Lower Bavaria instead of the King of Bohemia as the seventh Elector, Rudolf gained all seven votes.
The interregnum of the Holy Roman Empire is taken to have lasted from the deposition of Friedrich II by Pope Innocent IV (1245, alternatively from the death of Friedrich II in 1250 or the death of Conrad IV 1254) to the election of Rudolf I of Germany (1273). Rudolf was not crowned emperor, nor were his successors Adolf and Albrecht. The next emperor was Henry VII, crowned on 29 June 1312 by Pope Clement V.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 65
|
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Judith_of_Habsburg
|
en
|
Category:Judith of Habsburg
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Guta_zbrasl.jpg/158px-Guta_zbrasl.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guta_mala.jpg/230px-Guta_mala.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/16px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/International_Standard_Name_Identifier.png/18px-International_Standard_Name_Identifier.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VIAF_icon.svg/18px-VIAF_icon.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Logo_Gemeinsame_Normdatei_%28GND%29.svg/18px-Logo_Gemeinsame_Normdatei_%28GND%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Library_of_Congress_favicon.png/18px-Library_of_Congress_favicon.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Guta_Habsburg.jpg/100px-Guta_Habsburg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guta_mala.jpg/60px-Guta_mala.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Guta_Rejcka.jpg/71px-Guta_Rejcka.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Guta_zbrasl.jpg/38px-Guta_zbrasl.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Guta.jpg/120px-Guta.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/GutaHabsburska.jpg/99px-GutaHabsburska.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Judith_of_Austria%2C_queen_of_Bohemia.jpg/95px-Judith_of_Austria%2C_queen_of_Bohemia.jpg",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/static/apple-touch/commons.png
|
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Judith_of_Habsburg
|
Subcategories
This category has only the following subcategory.
Media in category "Judith of Habsburg"
The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total.
Guta Habsburg.jpg 300 × 358; 87 KB
Guta mala.jpg 400 × 792; 448 KB
Guta Rejcka.jpg 431 × 731; 364 KB
Guta zbrasl.jpg 223 × 703; 193 KB
Guta.jpg 1,111 × 800; 122 KB
GutaHabsburska.jpg 658 × 798; 334 KB
Judith of Austria, queen of Bohemia.jpg 387 × 486; 122 KB
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 2
|
https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/king-rudolph-i-hapsburg-and-gertrude-of-hohenberg/
|
en
|
King Rudolph I Hapsburg and Gertrude of Hohenberg my 21st Great Grandparents
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/cropped-stemma-piromallo-capece-1.gif?fit=69%2C74&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Hapsburg.png?fit=209%2C241&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Rudolph.jpg?fit=259%2C194&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/cdn.britannica.com/s:500x350/20/25820-004-2A0836C2.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Hohenberg.png?fit=204%2C247&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Gertrude.jpg?fit=194%2C259&ssl=1",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gertrud_von_Hohenberg.jpg/220px-Gertrud_von_Hohenberg.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Isabella-DEste-2.jpg?fit=281%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2021-08-17-at-10.09.34-AM.png?fit=262%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/obiettivo-for-ad.jpeg?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/007-big.jpg?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/rooting-new.jpg?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Screen-Shot-2021-11-27-at-9.17.28-AM.png?fit=1200%2C532&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Marino-Caracciolo-III.jpg?fit=220%2C171&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1830-Joseph-Ludwig-am-Rhyn-trascinato.jpeg?fit=480%2C496&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/aust.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/pcp01-150x150.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/800px-Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg.png?fit=800%2C800&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/DNA.jpg?fit=680%2C382&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg.png?fit=800%2C1055&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-23-at-8.21.25 AM.png?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/abruzzo-ad.jpg?ssl=1",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.paypal.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif?resize=1%2C1&ssl=1",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Italian-Roots-2.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Bob"
] |
2019-01-31T08:27:10+00:00
|
Relationship to King Rudolph I Rudolf I, also called Rudolf of Habsburg, (born May 1, 1218, Limburg-im-Breisgau [Germany]—died July 15, 1291, Speyer), first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. Rudolf I, detail from his tomb sculpture; in the cathedral of Speyer, Ger.Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c.1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen […]
|
en
|
Italian Genealogy
|
https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/king-rudolph-i-hapsburg-and-gertrude-of-hohenberg/
|
Relationship to King Rudolph I
Rudolf I, also called Rudolf of Habsburg, (born May 1, 1218, Limburg-im-Breisgau [Germany]—died July 15, 1291, Speyer), first German king of the Habsburg dynasty.
A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c.1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV, he increased his territories largely at the expense of his uncle, Count Hartmann of Kyburg, and his cousin, Count Hartmann the Younger, who supported the papal cause against the Hohenstaufens. Rudolf’s first marriage (c.1245), to Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloch, also added considerable property to his domains. In 1254 he assisted the Knights of the Teutonic Order by participating in a crusade in Prussia.
Rudolf ’s election as German king at Frankfurt was hastened by the desire of the electors to exclude an increasingly powerful rival candidate of non-German birth, Otakar II of Bohemia. Crowned at Aachen on Oct. 24, 1273, Rudolf was recognized by Pope Gregory X in September 1274 on the condition that he would renounce all imperial rights in Rome, in the papal territories, and in Italy and to lead a new crusade. In 1275 the pope managed to persuade Alfonso X of Castile (whom some of the German electors had chosen king in April 1257) to abandon his claim to the German crown.
Meanwhile Otakar II of Bohemia had been gaining control of Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola. When in 1274 Otakar refused to appear before an imperial diet to show cause for his actions, Rudolf placed him under the ban of the empire and led an army into Austria, where he defeated Otakar in 1276. In 1278 Otakar, attempting to reconquer the territories he had lost to Rudolf, invaded Austria; he was again defeated and killed at the Battle of Dürnkrut (August 26).
In 1282 Rudolf received permission from the German princes to grant to his sons the territories recovered from Otakar, and in December of that year he granted Austria and Styria to his sons Albert and Rudolf, thus constituting the territorial nucleus of the future Habsburg power.
Rudolf combated the expansionist policy of France on his western frontier by marrying (his first wife having died in 1281) Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, and by compelling Otto IV, Count Palatine of Franche-Comté, to pay homage (1289). French influence at the papal court, however, prevented Rudolf from being crowned Holy Roman emperor by the pope.
Rudolf made great efforts, in concert with the territorial princes, to enforce the public peace (Landfriede) in Germany, and in 1274 he reasserted the right of the monarchy to impose taxation on the cities. He was, however, unsuccessful in his efforts, between 1287 and 1291, to secure the election of his elder son Albert as German king or king of the Romans. The German electors were determined that the crown should not become a hereditary possession of the House of Habsburg, and thus the electors’ freedom of action remained intact at the time of Rudolf’s death.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 88
|
https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/author/stelazoric/
|
en
|
Those obscure objects of desire
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a9c9ff0649ae17dee6d20ac574bb1e73?s=200&d=identicon&r=g
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a9c9ff0649ae17dee6d20ac574bb1e73?s=200&d=identicon&r=g
|
[
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/cropped-adrienneames2.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/elsa-buchanan.jpg?w=454",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/elsa-buchanana-4.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/elsa-buchanan-3.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/edna-callahan-2.jpg?w=807",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/edna-callahan-1.jpg?w=389",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/edna-callahan-3.jpg?w=374",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/muriel-goodspeed.jpg?w=400",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/image.png?w=418",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/carol-donnell-3.jpg?w=797",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/carol-donnell-2.jpg?w=787",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/carol-donnell.jpg?w=789",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/helen-pender-7.jpg?w=810",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/helen-pender-6.jpg?w=822",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/helen-pender-4.jpg?w=1024",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/helen-pender-8.jpg?w=304",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sally-rawlinson-2.jpg?w=563",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sally-rawlinson-3.jpg?w=824",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sally-ann-rawlinson.png?w=395",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/image-edited.png",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sally-rawlinson.jpg?w=386",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/iva-setwart-5.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/iva-stewart.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/iva-stewart-2.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/iva-stewart-4.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/iva-stewart-3.webp",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/leone-lane.jpg?w=454",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/leone-lane-2.jpg?w=705",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/leone-lane-4.jpg?w=819",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/leone-lane-3.jpg?w=490",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/helen-fairweather.jpg?w=729",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/helen-fairweather-2.jpg?w=716",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/helen-fairweather-3.jpg?w=472",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalidn-keith-3.webp?w=454",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-2.jpg?w=757",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-photo_55422_34588.jpg?w=400",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-4.jpg?w=827",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-5.jpg?w=838",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/bc9a8dd7ca77c977ed9016f8c9dcf9ab60e2d83e4002cd822252792a7b065d40?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cropped-toniseven6.jpg?w=50",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cropped-toniseven6.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-20T10:47:45+00:00
|
Read all of the posts by StellaStar on Those obscure objects of desire
|
en
|
Those obscure objects of desire
|
http://stelazoric.wordpress.com
|
A talented, pretty English actress, Elsa Buchanan enjoyed a mixture of business and pleasure in Hollywood, willing and ready to have a big career, but also keeping one eye on the social gatherings and going in Tinsel town. While she proved a popular staple in the press, her career sadly never took of, and she was out of the movie game just before WW2 started. Lets learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Elsie Winifred Buchanan Tinker was born on December 22, 1908, in London, UK. Her father was a civil servant. She made her stage debut aged three before Queen Mary at the Palace Theatre in London. She went to Clapham High School and danced in wartime charity performances.
It was logical that Elsa would become a proper actress, so studied at RADA. After graduation, for 15 months Elsie acted in Hindle Wakes and Hay Fever in which she demonstrated all “the effervescence of a modern girl”. This led her to become a member of Edward Stirling’s company at the English Playhouse in Paris.
While in Paris, working, Elsa proved to become pretty popular with the local crowds. Pretty soon, she became an Englishwoman to win a place at the training school for the Academie Francaise. On returning home she joined the Plymouth repertory company and played at other venues before joining Marie Tempest’s Passing Brompton Road company, and touring all around the UK with them. Elsa got loads of experience from this job, and she was sure that stardom was not too far away.
In 1934 a British travelling theatrical company needed someone to play a leading role in the satire I Am So Sorry. Elsa knew the right people, and was asked to fill in the vacant place. Elsa went, and the rest is history!
CAREER
Elsa appeared uncredited in Riptide, a Norma Shearer romance movie, which was quite prestigious at the time, considering Norma was the queen of MGM. Next, came a slightly bigger role as the blonde maid in Charlie Chan in London. Elsa hoped this would catapult her into the Hollywood orbit, but sadly the studio just did not know what to use her for – she ended up playing English maids, servants and schoolgirls.
Elsa mixed uncredited and credited appearances. She was uncredited in the Katherine Hepburn showcase, The Little Minister. Elsa had the honor of appearing in another of Kate’s early RKO movies, the endearing and spunky Sylvia Scarlett. Interesting to note that some incredible performances have been given by Kate exactly in this period of her career, which is often overshadowed by her later roles and especially pairings with Tracy. Kate aside, due to Elsa appeared in Mystery of Edwin Drood as a school marm and in the Miriam Hopkins movie, also a literary adaptation, Becky Sharpe, as a schoolgirl. Elsa appeared also in Here’s to Romance a romance musical with Italian tenor Nino Martini. The plot actually sounds a bit outrages, since Genevieve Tobin, a terrific actress, plays a society marton who casts her luscious gaze towards Martino, who is younger and has a girlfriend in lieu of the pretty Anita Louise. I love if when we have such naughty characters in post-code movies, what a true refreshment!
Next came Peter Ibbetson, a quality but melancholy romance with Ann Harding and Gary Cooper as doomed lovers. I Found Stella Parish, a typical Kay Francis weepie, at least had the costumes and the sets to make it watchable despite the meh plot (an actress has to come to terms with her secret past when she becomes famous). A pretty good adaptation of a Dickens classic, A Tale of Two Cities, was next. Then we have a low-stakes comedy, Call It a Day – while it does have that old Hollywood charm, and it boasts a superb cast, it’s a breezy, very light movie (about a family all suffering from spring fever), with low caloric value, and while it can be enjoyed, it’s easily forgotten. Similar to this vein was Ready, Willing and Able, a relaxed, cute musical with Ruby Keeler. She appeared in the superb Lloyds of London movie, with Madeleine Carroll and Tyrone Power.
She worked on Little Lord Fauntleroy with Freddie Bartholomew and Sir C. Aubrey Smith, an adaptation of the famous book. I for one loved this book so much when I was younger, and should definitely watch this adaptation, Smith was such a hoot in playing upper class boors! Elsa joined Clark Gable and Joan Crawford in one of their less known pairings, Love on the Run. While it seems like an okay movie, with a far fetched story (a runaway bride and a journalist uncover a spy drama in Europe before WW2), it’s nothing outstanding, but Joan and Clark were a dynamite pairing and always more than watchable.
Two of Elsa’s later movies were Invisible Enemy, a forgotten mystery crime movie, and The Thirteenth Chair, a solid B level mystery with a pretty good cast (May Whitty, Madge Evans, Lewis Stone, Elissa Landi). In 1938 Elsa returned home for a holiday and while there used the time to play a nurse in the UK production The Dark Stairway. The movie is completely forgotten today, without any concrete info about it on IMDB.
That was it from Elsa!
PRIVATE LIFE
When Elsa came to Hollywood in 1934, several accidents followed: there was an earthquake after which she was cut off from her friends for three days with only 10 cents in her pocket and she was involved in a car crash.
Although she was unable to take up further offers until her theatrical contract was fulfilled it was not long before her blonde good looks brought the photographers running. She modeled ball dresses and linen shorts and frolicked in the sea at Malibu. She was known, along the press circuit, as the girl with ‘the largest eyes and the smallest waist in Hollywood.
Elsa started dating merchant navy officer Noll Charlton before she went to Hollywood. He was daffy about her, and whenever he came to Hollywood to visit her, he would propose, but Elsa was non-committal, trying to see how her career was going. She finally accepted his ring at a ball for the coronation of King George VI. However, Noll was a Royal Navy officer and was often away at sea, so they only married in 1938, just before Elsa returned to Hollywood for the last time. Then WW2 broke out, and Elsa hurriedly return to the UK and was distraught to find that her husband had already been sent to sea. She first did some advertisements for the Women’s Land Army then joined the Women’s Auxiliary’ Air Force as a clerk. Working in the Air force from then on, she joined the publicity staff at the Air Ministry which led to her last film appearance in They Flew Alone (about the pilot Amy Johnson starring Anna Neagle). By the end of the war she was with Coastal Command.
She and her husband reuined and had a son born sometime in the late 1940s. After his navy career, her husband went on to work for Iraq Petroleum in Qatar and then at Tripoli, with Elsa and their son tagging along. After Noel retired in 1962 they lived on the Isle of Man. Novel died in 1966, and Elsa moved to Childswickham, Worcestershire where she lived in a Georgian farmhouse. Elsa led a simple but active life, owned a dog, was a passionate Scrabble player, and a lover of The Daily Telegraph quick crosswords.
Elsa Charlton died on January 17, 2004 in Childwicksham, UK.
A talented dancer and chorine, the fiery Edna Callahan swept into Hollywood, enjoyed dancing in the chorus, and never had any bigger plans in mind. It was good while it lasted, and she had no qualms to give it all up when the time came. She settled into a happy home life afterwards. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Edna G. Callaghan was born on July 7, 1912, in Alameda, California, to Edward Francis Callaghan and Ellen Elizabeth Brennan, their only child. Her father was a professional foreman.
Edna grew up and was educated In Stockton elementary and high school. Her heart was set on dancing and performing from the early years. By the time she was 8, 9 years old, Edna had achieved considerable artistry as a dramatic reader and a dancer. She was publicly presented by Catherine Sullivan, her dancing teacher, with a group of other children and was heartily acclaimed, launching her showbiz career. She appeared all over California in various plays and slowly gained her foothold in her promised business.
When Edna was in high school, she left Stockton for San Francisco where they will study dancing with St. Ritus Benda, famous dancing instructor. She also attended Kirch Arnold dancing school in San Francisco for a few months. Edna was performing extensively on the stage as an chorine by the late 1920s, and was even tested for Hollywood in 1929. This is how it all started!
CAREER
Edna started her career in Just Imagine , one of the weirdest, trippiest, incredible movies ever made! As one reviewer so wonderfully wrote in IMDB: “This is one trippy movie from 70 years ago! A combination of booze jokes, sci-fi, lewd sex, vaudeville jokes. El Brendel plays a poor sap who is struck by lightning in 1930, and winds up in 1980 New York, where flying Rosenbergs and Goldbergs have replaced earthbound Fords and Chevys. Babies are gotten through vending machines, and a trip to Mars proves Martians to be twins, (Each set has a good over-sexed one, and an evil homicidal one.) I’m not making this up!! Pepper this oddity with bad puns, miniature effects, and musical numbers and you got, you got…. this film.” I just had to quote this, it’s so bizarre!
Then came a more… normal… movie should we say, Palmy Days. A typical Eddie Cantor comedy of the early 1930s, with Eddie playing a former shady medium assistant who becomes an efficiency expect. Plenty of lewd jokes, scantly clad ladies and fun fun fun!
The funnily named She Wanted a Millionaire starts of as a semi comedy, but then turns into a not at all subtle cautionary tale and ends up a thriller! Yep, this one surprised me! I knew of this movie from way back, since I like the Bennett sisters and have read some books on them (Connie is my favorite, but Joan was an interesting woman too). This is the where Joan fell of a horse and seriously hurt herself. I had some vague idea of what the movie was. And boy was I wrong! I expected a romcom where she does end up with a millionaire, but it’s literary the other way around here! Joan plays a gold digger who wants luxury in her life, and wants a man to give to her. So she hooks up with James Kirkwood, who plays a very shady millionaire. And he has some nasty secrets of his own… The good but unfortunately not to materially well of guy is played by Spencer Tracy, which is always a plus! You can more or less guess how that ends up, if it’s a thriller at the end. But unexpected for sure!
Night World was a typical precoe set in a speakeasy – dealing with shady characters in a shady location. Lew Ayres and Mae Clarke play the leads, and both of them have enough peculiarities to make them at least intriguing actors. Merrily We Go to Hell (1932) was a very good step ion the right direction. A quality preCode with a theme that can be considered scandalous even today, it hits all the right spots and ends up a minor classic. Frederic March plays an alcoholic in love with Sylvia Sidney, and they slowly descend into a hellish life living like vagabonds. Great acting performances and a very psychological approach, plus directed by Dorothy Arzner, a female director! Always a plus from my perspective! Next up the classic 42nd Street , what more to write about it! Edna continued the precode scandalous movies vein with Ex-Lady , an early movie of Bette Davis, with a pretty wicked script! Too
Edna then appeared in 1930s, musicals, Gold Diggers of 1933 (the most famous and best of the Gold diggers series), Dancing Lady (a musical I liked with Joan Crawford, Franchot Tone and Clark Gable, and I mostly liked Franchot’s whimsical playboy character), The Great Ziegfeld (a more serious musical, and Academy award winning movie), Born to Dance (one of the best Eleanor Powell musical, you know the drill – thin story but plenty of tap dancing), Rosalie (more or less the same with Eleanor Powell, just we have Robert Taylor this time as the hunk, and he was incredibly beautiful when he was younger!),
In middle of al of it, comes a really hardcore, quite precode dramas, She Had to Say Yes – the title here says it all, it’s in large part about prostitution and objectivisation of women, of how men have manipulated and belittled woman for centuries. Some heavy stuff, but told with an easy wit and some typical old Hollywood style. Loretta Young stars. Edna also appeared in the MGM B feature, Song of the City, with Margaret Lindsay (on her career decline sadly), a predictable and quite cliche fare. The different between Precode and post code is glaringly obvious here, with Precode movies having a ballsy and risque outlook on things, and the later movies not so much.
That was it from Edna!
PRIVATE LIFE
As Edna said it herself: “A sweetheart is like a bottle of wine, and a wife is just a wine bottle.” Like many chorines of the time, Edna did publicity stunts to get more newspaper coverage. Case in point:
HOLLYWOODS GLORIFIED BEAUTIES, whose careers were launched with the famous producer, organized here yesterday to promote the welfare of their glamorous profession. Assembling at the Victor.
Hugo restaurant at a luncheon called for the purpose; they adopted resolutions and elected officers, forming the Hollywood unit of the national-Glorified Ziegfeld Girls’ Club. Virginia Brace was elected president; Ethel Shutta, vice-president; Hazel Forbes, treasurer; Chrystine Maple, recording secretary, and Edna Callahan, corresponding secretary. The purpose of the organization U. to help less fortunate chorines In their straggle for success.
Edna was, for a time in the early 1930s, about 1932, romantically involved with Busby Berkeley, but the guy dated women by the truckload and it was realistic to expect that it wouldn’t last. In early 1933, she married Gregg Tolland. Tolland was born in 1904 in Chicago, Illinois. He was a respected cameraman by the time he met Edna. The marriage was one heck of a wild ride, as they separated a little more than a month after the nuptials, with Tolland hell bent on divorcing Edna as soon as possible. It seemed that Edna was packing up debts in Greg’s name, and generally had problems with her spending habits.
Callahan married Max Schall the manager of actor/musician Charles “Buddy” Rogers, in 1936. They wed in Roger’s home, with Rogers as the couple’s best man. Edna settled into semi domesticity afterwards, and even gave comments to the papers:
Girls in Hollywood today who expect to win fame and fortune as motion picture actresses are the professional showgirls. Contrary to the general impression that everyone in Hollywood wants to be a picture star, two thirds of the dancers working in Diggers In have no ambition to be starred. The chief reason is that the show girl is well paid and her services are in demand constantly. She moves from one studio to another with hardly a day off. The work is not onerous and some days the showgirl gets her salary for doing almost nothing. She is given the best of makeup hairdressing and beauty treatments for no expense. But best of everything that she has little do to with the success or failure of pictures in which she appears. If the film is a dud, the blame may be laid to the plot, the ingenue or even the dance director but never to the dancers. Twelve of the beauties appearing in the current are married. This gives them a certain independence they would not have if they were single. As one of the girls Edna Callahan put it: husband would never consent to my going into pictures as a career. The work is hard the hours are long and above all spoils a girl for domesticity. But showgirl work is different. We work just enough to keep us amused and supple. He does not mind that at all.
However, the marriage marriage also ended in divorce sometime in the early 1940s. Edna served in the Marine Corps Women’s Reserves during WWII, obtaining the rank of sergeant. In late 1940s, after the war, Edna met insurance man Bernard Benesh and the two wed in 1951. Benesh was born in 1908. Edna was very active in charity work in California, and lived a very happy life with Bernard.
Bernard Benesh died in 2000 in California. Edna did not remarry, and continued living in California.
Edna Callahan Benesh died on July 9, 2007 in Morro Bay, California.
NOTE: Much of the information about Edva was taken from the Vintage stardust IG page, check them out, they are great!
Muriel Goodspeed really is a unique personality. A natural beauty, yet Muriel shined the best when showing her impressive skill set – she was a polyglot, who knew how to dance, sing, and act very well. Hollywood of course had no idea what to do with such a beaming muli-talent, and predictably she only made a few movies. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Muriel Lavon Goodspeed was born May 1, 1917, in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Alvin Earl Goodspeed and Eugenia LaVon Peirce. Muriel Goodspeed is a great-grand daughter of Lorenzo Snow, a very important personality in the LDS Church, who was it’s president in the late 19th and early 20th century. Lorenzo had 42 children in total, so Muriel was part of a large and devout Mormon family.
Muriel grew up in Salt Lake, attended elementary and high school there, and University of Utah for two years. However, Muriel’s life was indeed very rich – since she was a girl, she had a large appetite for learning, so she learned five languages and developed a myriad of skills: she was an accomplished singer dancer, pianist, dramatic reader, linguist and lecturer.
Muriel became the very first Miss Utah in 1938. She represented Utah in the 1938 Miss America Pageant and ended up as a 2nd runner up, but winning the talent competition. Muriel left college after that and continued to work in this aspect of showbiz and pageants. By the time she was 23 years of age, she had won 67 separate contests with her beauty and talent.
Here is a short summary of the incredible things that Muriel could do:
Muriel LaVon Goodspeed is soon to become known to a wider field as Most Talented Miss Goodspeed is now under a nine months contract with National Assemblies to make a personal appearance tour of the high schools of five western states under this billing She will offer a program designed to display her varied accomplishments as singer dancer, pianist, dramatic reader, linguist and lecturer, Now appearing with the Los Angeles Light Opera company playing at the Curzon theater San Francisco in Miss Goodspeed in addition to singing a minor role Is under-studying the star Norma Terris playing opposite John Boles She will sing also in the production of Red in Los Angeles and San Francisco engagements after which she plans to spend a short vacation in Salt Lake City before returning to her opera and radio-work in Los Angeles prior to the scheduled fail tour Midweek
It was only a matter of time before someone from the movie world snatched her. Muriel signed a movie contract in, and of the went!
CAREER
Muriel appeared in only three movies.
Muriel’s debatable claim to fame was her appearance in the old version of Flash Gordon. Clarice’s last movie deserves a special mention. Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe is a cult classic, as are most Flash Gordon movies. Whatever one may think of Universal series, this one is of a pretty good quality. Buster Crabbe was made to play the heroic Flash Gordon and Charles Middleton makes an incredible Ming. However, it is the action sequences that are the true highlight here. Watch it! Muriel had a small part as scantly clad Zona,a but at least she’s visible!
Musicals were up next. Both Bitter Sweet and I Married an Angel were Nelson Eddy/Jeannette McDonald pairings. While their movies can be a bit over the top dramatic, with cliche stories, the Jeannette and Nelson are truly a one of a kind in terms of movie pairings, their real life love easily translating into incredible rapport on screen. Bitter sweet was unfortunately a paler imitation of their best movie, Maytime, and while touching at moment, doesn’t have the emotional impact of the original. I married an Angel in particular was not that well received by their fans, and ended up being their last collaboration, but still it can be enjoyed today. The story is a bit of a saccharine cliche (a guy married a real angel in diguise), but hey, other things make up for it!
That was it from Muriel!
PRIVATE LIFE
Muriel was among the many Hollywood celebrities traveling on the World War II Bond Tours. While working in Hollywood, she also did radio singing in Chicago and other cities. When she appeared in movies with Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy she was Jeanette’s vocal backup and understudy. She constantly toured all around the mid west and put her skills on display. Muriel truly and well kept busy with a variety of her abilities.
Even after her Hollywood career ended, Muriel continued used her skills to make a solid career. Here is an article about it:
Muriel LaVon Good-speed is soon to become known to a wider field as Most Talented Miss Goodspeed is now under a nine months contract with National Assemblies to make a personal appearance tour of the high schools of five western states under this billing. She will offer a program designed to display her varied accomplishments as singer dancer, pianist, dramatic reader, linguist and lecturer, Now appearing with the Los Angeles Light Opera company playing at the Curzon theater San Francisco in Miss Goodspeed in addition to singing a minor role Is under-studying the star Norma Terris playing opposite John Boles. She will sing also in the production of Red in Los Angeles and San Francisco engagements after which she plans to spend a short vacation in Salt Lake City before returning to her opera and radio-work in Los Angeles prior to the scheduled fail tour Midweek.
Muriel appeared in schools all the time, and impressed students with her knowledge, and hopefully inspired at least some of them to learn new things (which is so awesome, have to admit that!). Here is a short article about it:
Muriel charmed students when she gave readings in three languages (she knows five), sang, danced and played the piano. Her talents also include dramatics (she’s in Hollywood pictures, having recently worked with Jeanette MacDonald), light opera, bird whistling and oratory.
Muriel had a quiet, happy love life. She married Curtis Wilson in 1945, after he was discharged from the Army. They settled in Los Angeles. Sadly I could not find any info on Curtis, as he has such a generic name, so if anyone has any info, please share!
The couple had three children, Roger Ward, born on November 19, 1946, and twins Stephanie Muriel and Steven Curtis, born on December 13, 1948. Muriel gave up her career, for the time being, to raise her children happily.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Muriel took to teaching music to many piano students in Southern California and produced and performed in many local musical shows. She was active well into the 1990s. At some point, Curtis and Muriel moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, to spent their golden years there.
Muriel LaVon Wilson, died on Feb. 15, 2005, in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Carol Donnell was a beautiful Pentagon worker who was spotted and signed by a talent scout on a whim. She had a short but sweet Tinsel town adventure after that, perhaps getting the best out of her sojourn. She retired to become a wife and mother, and led a happy family life. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Carolyn Jane McDonnell, was born on June 9, 1921, in New Jersey, daughter of Charles H. McDonnell and Carolyn Huttman. She was their only child. Her father was a manual laborer.
Carol grew up in New Jesey until the late 1920s. Great Depression hit in 1929, when Carol was only 8. Her parents, hoping to find a job and better living arrangements, hopped onto their Model A Ford and just drove around. Carol and her parents lived like many people of that time – driving from job to job, with no permanent residence. While on the road, the pre-teenage Carol slept on top of blankets with a pillow, on the trunk on the back seat. It was a hard life, but the family unit was strong and they managed to pull trough such a lifestyle for more than a year.
They eventually settled in her father’s birth state, in Decatur, Illinois. There Carolyn graduated from high school and attended Business College. Shortly after working at Woolworth’s and, when WWII started, as the Executive Secretary to the Director at the local Ordinance Plant, she enlisted in ‘This Man’s Army” where she served on the General Staff of Military Intelligence at the newly built Pentagon. A talent scout on duty in Washington noticed her, ans she was offered a contract with RKO, which she accepted. And off the went!
CAREER
Carol was in Hollywood for a really, really short time, but she appeared in some pretty solid movies, not a bad record for such Tinseltown brevity!
Nocturne is an interesting film noir. A true B production, with George Raft (after his golden years were already over), the movie boasts a compelling main character, a detective who is a music apassionato, a mama’s boy, and very devoted to living the life his own way. It’s a bit more meat on the bones than with your standard noir characters. The story and the mystery are pretty well written (although slightly formulaic), but it’s Raft’s character and his mother that make this a bit out of the box experience.
Carol then appeared in The Locket, one of the best female centric film noirs. Laraine Day plays a mentally unstable young woman ads we follow her dramatic life. The highlight of this movie is the unusual structure – it’s episodic, with the shunned lovers each telling their own version of the female lead. This multi perspective movies are often intriguing when well done, and the director knows exactly what he wants to do. Robert Mitchum is in the leading man role. The complex framing device somehow makes the focus of the actors, and only Laraine gives a role of any depth (she’s top!
Carol’s last movie was The Woman on the Beach. Her third noir, and a third interesting noir (Carol quite nailed it here with her slim but intriguing output!). This is a deeply psychological movie, with top notch actors and a melancholic atmosphere. Robert Ryan and Joan Bennett play ill fated lovers, who love each other but she has a much older, blind husband, played by Charles Bickford. Subtle and not so subtle drama enfolds, but the wast sandy beaches and the complex emotional interplay between the leads makes this film an unique experience, and certainly different than the usual noir fare.
That was it from Carol!
PRIVATE LIFE
Carol may have been in Hollywood for only a few brief months, but she used her time there wisely – she took the opportunity to learn all about high fashion, went from Brunette to Blond, and met acting legends like Cary Grant and Ronald Reagan. This would serve her well in her future life, as she remained a true glamorous fashion plate.
Carol retired from Hollywood to marry her beau, lawyer Ralph McAfee, in June 1946. Here is the article about their nuptials:
Carol Donell, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. McDonnell. 1053 West Tuttle street, is here from Hollywood enroute to New York where on Tuesday she is to be married to New York Attorney Ralph L. McAfee in the home of his brother at Aidsfcy-on-thc-Hudson. Miss Donncll is relinquishing an acting contract with RKO radio studio signed last year upon her release from the Wac as technical sergeant. Mr. McAfee was a captain in Military Intelligence during the war and is now a member of the law firm of Cravath, Swaine and Moore in New York City where they will live after a wedding trip by plane to Montreal, Canada.
McAfee was born on October 20, 1914, in Berry, Texas, to Jessie McAfee and Annie Reeves. He was the fourth of five children. The son of a Methodist minister, was raised in Waco and Kerens, Texas. He attended Southwestern University and graduated from Columbia University in 1936 and the Columbia Law School in 1939. When WW2 hit he became an infantry officer in the Army, serving in the China-Burma-India theater from 1942 to 1944 and as an intelligence staff officer in Washington from 1944 to 1945, where he met and fell in love with Carol.
Thus began Carol’s life as a soccer Mom & Wall Street Lawyer’s “Bride” (as he husband always called her). The couple had three children: Horace Michael, born on August 31, 1957, Marc Charles, born on May 9, 1963, and Caroline. McAfee became a trial lawyer who handled cases for companies such as the Allied Corporation, the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, CBS Inc., Chemical Bank, Royal Dutch/Shell Group and the St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad. The McAfees were socially very conscious, and Ralph was working with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and was a chief counsel for a number of students at Jackson State University in a landmark suit charging civil rights violations by the Mississipi Highway Patrol.
Carol led an equally fulfilled life as her hubby. Except being a great wife and mother, she made time to volunteer at the County Hospital, was very active with The Junior League and pursued her keen interest in New Age by reading authors like Joseph Campbell, de Chardin, Hillman, Bly…
McAfee died on February 11, 1986. Carolyn moved to Florida to enjoy her golden years, and did not remarry.
Carolyn McAfee died in 2020, at the ripe old age of 98.
Helen Pender was one of many, many beauty queens that landed in Hollywood and were the object of some kind of a PR stunt to raise their profile. Helen actually appeared in pretty solid movies, but never did manage to get outside of the uncredited roster, and after her contract was up, she ended her career to marry and raise a family. Let’s learn more about her.
EARLY LIFE
Helen Claire Pender was born on December 21, 1917, in Manhattan, New York City, daughter of William Pender and Ella Powers. Both of her parents were born in Ireland. Her older sister, Margaret Claudia, was born in 1915, and her younger brother, John, in 1921. Her father was a mechanical engineer who specialized in streetcars and other urban railways.
The family moved to Washington DC where Helen and her siblings grew up, and attended elementary and high school. Helen was a pretty girl who turned heads. After graduating from high school, she first worked as a stenographer, at MetroGoldwyn-Mayer’s film exchange in Washington, but in the late 1930s she started to work as a model and took part is beauty pageants. She became a Powers model in Washington, DC. In a funny twist of fate, Helen was proclaimed “Miss Maryland” 1941, but she was officially resident of Washington DC, and thus was not even eligible to compete, and she was stripped of the title when this was discovered. But her success, despite the lack of a title, gave her the push to move to Los Angeles and try to start a movie career.
Helen worked as a model in LA for a short time, hoping to catch the eye of some talent scout or another. Helen’s dreams of a movie contract came come true in 1943 when she was chosen to reign as the belle of the Hollywood Talk Of the Town ‘Premiere-Party by the members of 40 motion picture guilds and crafts. The party the culmination of a contest of a week’s duration in which Hollywood guild member sponsored scores of candidates for the chance of film fame and fortune. Out of countless participants, it was Helen who was chosen as being the most deserving of a chance for film recognition. She was signed by Warner Bros, and her career was of!
CAREER
Helen made her movie debut in Arabian Nights, a typical escaping Technicolor extravaganza of the time, with the queen of camp, Maria Montez, as the leading lady. The story isn’t even relevant here, just enjoy the eye candy and the atmosphere! It’s fun and colorful, but don’t expect anything else. Jon Hall is Maria’s leading man, and while quite handsome, he was pretty wooden, but okay they at least look pretty nice.
Then came Music for Millions, a heartwarming, endearing movie that Hollywood so rarely makes these days. It’s about how two children, and their sister, who plays in a classical music orchestra, see the happenings during WW2 – young man drafted and sent overseas to fight. While the topic at hand is very difficult, and may trigger somebody who had ever been in a similar situation (waiting for your loved one to return from war), it’s handled very tastefully, and Margaret O’Brien as the young girl is a true marvel! June Allyson, an actress whom I don’t particularly like, plays the leading role, and classical music giant Jose Itrubi plays the orchestra leader. Plenty of nice music, emotional moments and a sense of hope, despite all the hardships. This is what old Hollywood could easily deliver. And you can’t but enjoy it.
Helen then appeared in a string of pretty good movies. The first was Mildred Pierce, a true classic that needs no introduction. Joan Crawford at her best! Next up was Night and Day, the biopic of Cole Porter, with tons of his charming music, and him being played by Cary Grant! Imagine that Cary Grant plays you in your biopic! You hit the jackpot. No, it’s a solid, breezy, happy go lucky musical in the best vein of old Hollywood musicals, please enjoy without thinking too deeply about it.
Helen then appeared in two movies by Errol Flynn, –Never Say Goodbye and Escape Me Never. Never say Goodbye is more of a light comedy, with Errol Flynn playing a highly successful commercial artist trying to reconcile with his ex-wife, played by Eleanor Parker, and aided in the quest by his uber cute little daughter, played by Patti Brady. Anyone who watched at least two of this kind of movies will know exactly how this ends, but who can resist the charm of Mr. Flynn, along with classical characters actors like S.Z. Sakall and Lucile Watson and the kind? Plus I simply adore Eleanor Parker, what a luminous, powerful actress! Escape me never is more of a weepie-melodrama, where Ida is in love composer with Errol Flynn but Errol loves his brother’s fiance, played (again) by Eleanor. The actors are miscast at moments and it often goes overboard with the drama, but it’s still touching enough to make it more than watchable.
Helen’s other movie was The Man I Love, a somehow bland mid tier romance with Ida Lupino, Andrea King and Martha Vickers playing three sisters with love problems each. The men are pretty nondescript here (Bruce Bennett, more at home playing Tarzan, is the leading man so you can guess the rest), but Ida is a force of nature, as always.
That was it from Helen!
PRIVATE LIFE
Helen was married once before she landed in Hollywood, but I would not find to exactly whom and exactly when. I can assume it was in the late 1930s, and that they lived in Maryland/Washington DC. Also let’d assume that they divorced sometime in 1941/42. Not long after she hit Hollywood, Helen dated John Howard, the handsome actor who dated so many pretty girls in the 1940s. But she was mostly low key, and was not featured too much in the papers after 1943.
In 1945, Helen started dating Tom D’Andrea, a character actor with a huge filmography. Tom was born in 1909, to Alphonse D’Andrea and Elizabeth Lydon, the second of seven children. His life was quite interesting, and his way to acting was multilayered and unique. To cite Wikipedia:
D’Andrea’s first job was at the Chicago Public Library,[1] after which he worked in publicity at the Sherman Hotel in Chicago.[3] Contacts with entertainers at the hotel led to an opportunity to work in Hollywood. After moving there in 1934, he became a publicist for Betty Grable, Gene Autry, Mae Clarke and Jackie Coogan.[1]
He began writing scripts in 1937, creating lines for Ben Bernie, Jack Benny, Eddie Cantor and Olsen and Johnson[1] and continued in television, writing for Cantor and Donald O’Connor on their shows.[3]
In 1941,[3] D’Andrea was drafted into the Army Air Corps. He was assigned to write a Gracie Fields program after being stationed at Camp Roberts, California. Reading lines at a rehearsal, Fields decided to have him read the lines in the show. He was assigned to the Overseas Radio Unit in 1943, and he began performing comedy in addition to writing.[3]
While at Ciro’s Restaurant on Sunset Strip attracted a Warner Bros.‘ executive’s attention, resulting in a role in This is the Army, with Ronald Reagan.[1] In 1946, the studio signed him to a long-term contract.[4]
Whoa, what a trajectory! In addition to a busy professional life, Tom was married twice before he met Helen. His first wife was Mary Bowler, and they had a son, Thomas Michael, born in 1930. They divorced sometime in the late 1930s/early 1940s. Anyway, Tom and Helen dated for several years before eloping in style! As the article claims:
Actor Tom d’Andrea and Helen Claire Pender hurried into the Marriage License Bureau yesterday noon, obtained the document, arranged to be married forthwith and, 45 minutes later, walked out of Superior Court as man and wife.”
Sometime before the marriage, Helen ended her movie career for good, and got into the more lucrative field of modeling. So, it was back to the beginning for Helen. But it’s always good when someone reinvents his/herself and if needed, returns to his previous lines of work, but this time as a changed person.
Helen gave birth to two sons: James William, born on July 5, 1949, and Michael Joseph, born on May 13, 1952. The family lived a happy life in California, with Tom acting all the way up to the mid 70s. After his retirement, with the kids all grows up, he and Helen moved to Florida, to enjoy their golden years.
Tom died on May 14, 1998 in Florida. Helen remained in Florida after his death, and did not remarry.
Helen D’Andrea died on February 28, 2007, in Punta Gorda, Florida.
Sally Rawlinson’s father was a silent movie star, and Sally herself wanted to become an actress since she was a girl. And Sally worked as her craft, acting in amateur productions and taking acting classes, and when she was signed for a movie contract she was ecstatic at getting her dream underway. However, the upward tilt of her career never happened, and after some tries to salvage it on Broadway and Las Vegas, Sally gave up to become a housewife. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Sally Anne Rawlinson was born on May 13, 1925, in Los Angeles, California, to Herbert Rawlinson and Lorraine A. Long. She had a younger brother. Her father was a silent movie actor, originally from England, UK. A former circus performer, he became an actor, and moved to US in the early 1900s. Though primarily a dramatic actor, he proved his comic flair in the 1910s in Universal’s “Victor Comedies”, and worked for Hal Roach by the time that Sally was born.
Sally grew up as a movie brat in Los Angeles, and attended Hollywood high school, where she met many personas that would later become part of the Tinsel town lore. It was no surprise to anyone that Sally caught the acting bug pretty early, and dreamed to following her father’s trade. She was a part of several amateur acting troupes by the time she was in elementary school, and her future seemed cemented. Also not surprisingly, Her father wasn’t overtly happy with Sally wanting to become an actress, but he finally gave in after seeing her perform several roles in amateur theater productions.
After graduating from high school, due to her parent’s wish, Sally attended City college, but acted in the Little Theater on the side, and slowly gained solid acting experience. With the help of her dad, she secured a screen test, passed it with flying colors, and was signed to a studio contract not long after. And her career started!
CAREER
Sally’s first movie is a Paramount studios variety movie, Variety Girl. You are a Paramount star in the 1940s? Then you are in this movie for sure! Especially notable for the Bing Crosby and Bob Hope duet that takes up a nice chunk of screen time. Next came Unconquered, a very fun and dynamic Cecil B. DeMille adventure movie, with Gary Cooper and Paulette Goddard evading everybody, while trying to escape in the US wilderness. Fast paces, well written and acted, this is a solid DeMille offering is what a adventure movie should be.
Sally did a couple of shorts, before appearing in Isn’t It Romantic, a mild and not very interesting romance movie with Veronica Lake in the female lead. The story is about three daughters of a Civil war veteran being courted by three very different men. Only old Hollywood could do a movie out of this mush, and sometimes it worked, but here, not really. There are charming moments, but overall it’s not a solid movie. Then came Bride of Vengeance, a historical non a curate, mediocre movie about Lucrezia Borgia, helmed by Paulette Goddard in the leading role, and John Lund as her enemy/love interest. Lund’s mustaches are ridiculous, and Goddard has terrible eyebrows that make her look like a witch. Definitely not one of their stronger movies.
A bit better was Sorrowful Jones, made from a Damon Runyon story. A seemingly heartless, stingy bookie accepts a little girl as a marker for a bet, but when the girl’s father is killed by notorious gangsters, the bookie, Sorrowful Jones, is stuck with the girl, which is completely as odds with his hectic lifestyle. Jones is played by the incomparable Bob Hope, and Lucille Ball plays his love interest. Ball and Hope were a good combo, and they made five movies together this was just the first one. The movie is touching and funny, and just what you want from a comedic drama of Old Hollywood! Before her hiatus, Sally appeared in Samson and Delilah, a Cecil B. DeMille classic with Hedy Lamarr and Victor Mature. No need for any additional info about this one!
Sally worked in other venues, and came back to Hollywood in 1951, but with limited success again. She appeared in two uncredited roles. The first movie was The Mating Season, a simple but very funny comedy with the indomitable Thelma Ritter playing a burger stand owner who, due to a mistaken identity case, has to pretend she is a live in cook for her son and his new socialite wife (played by John Lund and Gene Tierney). While it’s nothing too deep nor profound, it’s a top notch old Hollywood comedy, chock full of delightful actors and wacky characters, like Jan Sterling, Larry Keating, Miriam Hopkins, Malcolm Keen and so on. The second movie was Something to Live For, a typical 1950 weepie, with Joan Fontaine playing a alcoholic trying to get of the juice, and in the process falls in love with a fellow from AA, played by Ray Milland, who is unfortunately already married. I’t nothing to shout about, but still an okay drama, and at least it directly tackled such delicate topics like alcoholism, something which Hollywood tended to avoid, and it has a high quality acting ensemble (Fontaine, Milland, Teresa Wright, Richard Derr).
That was all from Sally!
PRIVATE LIFE
In her prime, Sally was five feet five inches tall and weighed 117 lbs. The fact that Sally was Herbert’s daughter was her PR selling point from the very starts of her career. There were plenty of articles like this one:
Debate on this issue, which has continued for many years, recently, influenced a newcomer, Sally Rawlinson, daughter of former Film Star Herbert Rawlinson, to choose the abbreviated film as her introduction. Miss Rawlinson the third generation of her family in the acting game (her maternal grandmother, Elizabeth Garrison, appeared in nickelodeon films,) makes her bow in Paramount’s two-reel musical in “Curtain Of her experience the less executives see you on the screen, your golden opportunity keeps hiding. “The short is really a showcase, much mere elaborate than any screen test. You get personalized attention from hairdresser, wardrobe expert, makeup and cameraman. But in a small feature role you’re just one of the mob, usually.
Sally is perhaps a good depiction of nepotism in Hollywood, how nuances and complex this issue realistically is. And let us notice the way nepotism is not the same for every person. However, one rule applies everywhere – the bigger the fish your parents are, the easier it is to make it. Sally’s dad, Herbert, while a matinee idol in the 1910s, was hardly a top star in the 1940s, and could not really do much for her career. Except get her a screen test, his hands were tied. And Sally did nor manage to break the uncredited roster on her own merits. One wonders what would happen if a bigger name was her dad? Would she make it, like Jane Fonda, or not, like many, many other celebrity children that didn’t make the grade. Too bad, since is seems that she really quite enjoyed acting, and wished to
But, on a personal note, things were a bit better. Sally married her high school love, Alvin White, on Aug. 11, y. Were wed at Shatto Chapel and had a brief honeymoon at La Jolla. Alvin Somerville White, born on May 5, 1925, (making him 8 days older than Sally) was the son of Watson S. White and Annie Tefler, the third of four children (his siblings were Normal, Marshall and Patricia). During the war, he was a flyer in the Army Air Forces, but worked as a costume designer in his civilian life.
The Whites had three children, David Christopher White, born on June 25, 1949, Wendy Louise, born on October 14, 1952, and Cary Cameron, born on November 9, 1955. After the first of her first child, David, against the custom of the times, Sally was not ready to gave up on her career to concentrate on her family life and raise her children. At least not yet!
After her Hollywood career evaporated, Sally first tried to make it in Broadway, and then in Las Vegas, working in the chorus there, but no luck. After the birth of her second child, Wendy, 1952, she finally gave up her showbiz career for good, and settles in Los Angeles, with the goal of rising her family.
Sally and Alvin divorced in 1972. Sally continued living in California from them on, did not remarry and enjoyed her golden years.
Sally White died on August 29, 2004. in Los Angeles, California.
A Miss America contender, Iva Stewart had a fresh, simple beauty that was more in vogue in the 1940s than in the 1930s. Perhaps she simply came too early, perhaps for some other reasons, her acting career took some time to get steam, but she managed to nab minor Broadway roles, and ultimately she was summoned to Hollywood. Once in Tinsel town, despite having a passion for acting and studying the dramatic arts with esteemed tutors, her movie a career went nowhere fast. She retired to become a housewife. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Iva Barbara Stewart was born on January 5, 1914, in Berlin, New Hampshire, to John Alexander Stewart and Georgia Wheeler. She was the oldest of three children – her siblings were Marjorie May, born in 1920, and John, born on November 25, 1921. Her father, born in Canada, was a steam fitter for iron and metal sheets works.
The family moved to Herbon, Maine when Iva was a girl, and Iva grew up in Hebron and later Bath, Maine. After graduating from high school, Iva worked as a telephone operator. Dreaming of more glamorous things for herself Iva, got her start toward an eventual screen career by winding a beauty contest in Auburn, Maine. She did not pass unnoticed, and Iva decided to join the “Miss Maine” contest. Quelle suprise, she won the “Miss Maine” title, and was a contender in the “Miss America” national beauty contest in 1934. While she did not win, Iva became a runner-up and got major media coverage.
Buoyed by her success on the beauty pageant circuit, Iva moved to New York and started to work as a photographer’s model, but with her eyes on being an actress. by night, she studied dramatic art, and almost starved for months before getting a Job in a night spot. This job connected to to other showbiz people, and she had minor parts in several Broadway shows. But the money from acting was tights, and she had to constantly keep up modelling on the side.
Luck finally came Iva’s way when she and four other models were seen by a talent scout, and signed to a stock contract. That was a funny story, Because the girls vowed to seek film success together, and as destiny had it, they were all signed at the same time! To make things even funnier, all four were cast in the same movie the week after they arrived to Los Angeles from New York. The girls, except for Iva were, Elizabeth Palmer, Irma Wilson and Alice Armand. Sadly, none of them was to achieve any great cinematic success. But their careers started!
CAREER
Iva was always uncredited, or played totally minor roles in movies, but she managed to stick out for a few years in Hollywood, not a bad feast in itself. Allegedly Iva first appeared in Thin Ice, a Sonja Henie movie. As I already mentioned countless time on this blog, Henie movies were colorful and nice looking, but with thin characters and plot, so I’m not a big fan. Later she appeared in another Henie movie, Second Fiddle, which is just a rehash from countless other Henie movies. A much better movie isThe Baroness and the Butler, a witty, sparking 30s comedy with William Powell and Annabella, where Powell plays the butler who becomes a parliament member and fights his mater’s politics head on.
It was time for some wacky comedy with the Ritz brothers showcase, Kentucky Moonshine, with Tony Martin playing the dashing romance lead. In the similar vein was a Jones family movie, Safety in Numbers, and a Mr. Moto movie, Mr. Moto Takes a Vacation. You watch these movies if you like the movie series it belong to, and while anyone can probably enjoy it to a degree, it’s simply not outstanding enough to warrant watching as a stand-alone. Iva then appeared in a dramatic weepie, Always Goodbye, with Barbara Stanwyck and Herbert Marshall, about a woman who ditches the man she loves to marry a man who adopted the child she left at birth years ago. As you can see, very soapy but old Hollywood sure knew how to make it work! Another A class movie that Iva appeared was Star Dust, where young Linda Darnell plays a wannabe actress that managed to climbs the Hollywood ladder, but at what cost? Funny that the movie is semi autobiographical, with Linda’s experiences serving as the basis for some moments.
Iva appeared in a string of B movies. There were adventures, like The Three Musketeers (I think we all know the plot of this one, plus there are the Ritz brothers, and I quite like it!), Sharpshooters, with Brian Donvely trying to save a prince of a small kingdom from losing his throne, and It Could Happen to You, a light crime movie about a wife trying to prove the innocence of her husband, played by Gloria Stuart and Stu Erwin.
There were plenty of light comedies to go around. Three Blind Mice is about three sisters who want to nab rich husbands, with Loretta Young in the leading role. A typical romcom, but oh so charming you cannot help but watch it! Among them was the aptly named Wife, Husband, and Friend, where the roles are taken over by Loretta Young, Warner Baxter and Binnie Barnes. Loretta is a socialite that wants to sing but hardly has the voice for it, but her husband, played by Baxter has, and of course, there is the friend who perhaps has less than honorable goals. Similarly named Boy friend is a Jane Withers comedy, a movie theoretically in the same genre, but made for a different audience and a totally different style. Interesting to compare this movie that were both comedies, but pretty much more than a bit apart when you look at it. Iva had the honor of appearing in another one of Jane Withers comedies, High School, about, you guessed it, high schoolers and their tempestuous love lives.
Iva appeared in two of Alice Faye movies. Hollywood Cavalcade is a historical movie about early Hollywood, with Alice and Don Ameche, her frequent co-sar. Then came Little Old New York, with Alice and Fred MacMurray, about the early ages of steamships on the large rivers. She also appeared in a Shirley Temple movie, Young People, about a family that goes to live on a New England farm after living in the city for very long. Always a plus is seeing the hilarious Charlotte Greenwood in any role!
Iva also appeared in a few oddities (as far as her filmography goes), like 20, 000 Men a Year, an aviation movie with Randolph Scott playing a pilot who opens up a piloting school, Girl in 313, a Florence Rice movie about a detective who falls in love with a thief from a gang, and Free, Blonde and 21 is exaxtly what the title says – young girls making their living (some fairly, some not) while cohabiting a hotel.
That was all from Iva!
PRIVATE LIFE
Iva was taunted as a beauty that was fresh and unsophisticated. In her prime, she was five feet two, weighted 108 pounds, had blue eyes and dark blond hair. Iva really tries to catapult her career via PR, but this didn’t quite work out the way she wanted to.
Here is a sweet bit of fluff about young 20th century fox actresses, Iva included:
TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX keeps under contract about a $core of pretty young girls prospective stars – who are serving an apprentice ship by playing I background bits. On a set every day for weeks, they appear before the camera in perhaps five or six scenes. It is a lazy life thirty minutes work out of an eight- hour day. A few weeks ago, Iva Stewart, a blond miss who looks surprisingly like Madeleine Carroll, proposed that they should spend their leisure set time knitting for charity. There has been quite a bit of laughter at their expense for it is incongruous to see bejeweled beauties plying knitting needles on a nightclub set. But the girls last month presented thirty-three sweaters to a Los Angeles orphanage. There is nothing funny in that.
At that time, Iva attended 20th Century-Fox’s dramatic school where young stock players receive training all year round under the tutelage of superb actress Florence Eldridge. Iva was quite aware of her dramatic shortcomings, as this newspaper bit can attest:
If anyone still dines on the moth-eaten myth that ambitious actresses in Hollywood,” work more than the press agents, they are right. “Miss Stewart finished her first leading role yesterday, and this morning she started to take drama lessons.” “That’s not ambition,” piped up Miss Stewart, “I saw the rushes.”
However, working in movies was far from an easy, breezy job, as we today know. The conditions on classic Hollywood sets were probably much worse than they are today, and Iva had her share of traums there. There is another bit about her:
Iva Stewart, Twentieth Century-Fox beauty, whose metal cloth gown caught fire “the other day when it trail d across a switch box, lives the experience over and over gain in memory. … It has shaken her nerve to the point hat she is entering a Glendale rest home
Here is another quite macabre things that happened to Iva:
Paper Iva Stewart, 20th Century-Fox contract player, opened her hometown paper, from Bath, Me., and read of the sad death in New York of Iva Stewart, who had shown great promise of a career in motion pictures. But Iva was 3000 miles away, in Hollywood, very much alive and surprised. A quick exchange of telegrams and the matter was cleared up. Another local girl named Iva, a dancer, passed away in New York; the similarity in names caused the confusion. Iva showed much evidence of life at the 20th Century-Fox studios, where she has just finished work- day
There pretty weird happenings, combined with a constant lack of any professional successful, finally made Iva give up her acting dreams in 1940. Also, before she left Hollywood, in about 1939, Iva married Bernard Brukholder, who worked in the salt packaging industry as a supervisor. Brukholder was born in Woodbine, Iowa on August 28, 1907, first lived in New York in the late 20s and early 30s, and came to California in about 1936, and found work as dog food salesman.
The couple settled in Los Angeles, and had two children, Richard, born on June 7, 1941, and Judy Anne, born on February 8, 1945. Iva and her family enjoyed a simple life outside of the limelight.
Iva Stewart Burkholder died in March 1985, in Los Angeles, California.
Leone Lane was a rarity among starlets in Tinsel town – a trained artist, she specialized in fabric painting and was working in the garment industry before she landed in movies. For a time she had this parallel career, trying to score it big as an actress. Sadly her movie career nosedived, and she returned to her artistic roots, working as a dressmaker. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Leone Hallie Lane was born on November 17, 1908, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Charles T. Lane and Hallie Stiles, their first child. Her father was a shoe salesman.
Leone grew up in Boston, attending elementary and high school there. She developed a passion for the performing arts pretty early, and was a seasoned amateur dancer by the time she entered her teens. After graduating from high school, Leone went to UK and studied art and designing at the Brighton Art School in London, following this with a period of professional dancing on the stage in England, resuming this career on returning to America (New York to be precise).
Leone was a specialty dancer for a time on the East coast, before deciding to go west to seek more fame and fortune. To be a proper actress, she studied a year at the Wallace Dramatic School in Los Angeles. To earn money for her education, Leone painted fabrics in Los Angeles for two years.
Ultimately, Leone racked up a splendid training for the stage and in other artistic branches. When she was ready, she made the rounds of the studios until she found work at RKO. She was later signed by for small parts in two-reel comedies. One of the Paramount executives saw Leone in several of the short films and signed her up.
And of the went!
CAREER
As with most actor playing in the silents, it’s a tragedy but sadly the truth when I say a large number of their movies have been lost. Leone appeared mostly in silents, and many of her modest movie output have been lost. Her lost movies are: Stairs of Sand, Betrayal, The Case of Lena Smith–
The three movies that Leone appeared in and are not lost are:
The River of Romance is a southern drama, based on a Booth Tarkington novel. Behold the plot (taken from IMDB): Buddy Rogers was raised by the Quaker relatives of his mother. He returns home to father Henry B. Walthall’s southern plantation, where he quickly becomes engaged to June Collyer, while her younger sister, Mary Brian also falls in love with him. No sooner has Walthall announced the engagement, than in comes Walter McGrail, who challenges Rogers to a duel. Rogers, because of his upbringing, thinks there’s no reason to fight, so Walthall kicks him out for violating the Code Of The Southern Gentleman and marries Miss Collyer to McGrail, who turns out to be an utter dud. Rogers heads out and falls in with one-eyed Wallace Beery, who teaches him how to act like a bloodthirsty maniac.
The movie seems like a dud, mostly because the actors were mostly miscast, and their accents were terrible, and they didn’t quite know to to act in a talkie, A lot of early talkies have this problem, and no wonder, since the change from silents to talkies was huge in terms of technical elements.
Second movie was The Saturday Night Kid, a movie with Clara Bow, Jean Harlow and Jean Arthur in it! Sadly, that’s about the only outstanding things about it, it’s a lukewarm. It’s about two sisters, who both work as salesgirl, who fall for the same guy. Interesting to note that Jean Arthur plays the bad sister, and Clara plays the good sister! This is a total twist from their usual roles, and it doesn’t quite work. Clara comes of as underused and boring as a virtuous heroine, plus her leading man, James Hall, is pretty much a limited talent and quite wooden.
The third and last movie, made with a time-skip of 5 years, was Dante’s Inferno. a not too famous Columbia drama, most notable for being a showcase for the dancing skills of young Rita Hayworth. While not a top tier movie, it does reveal some intelligent touches, with references to the seminal works of the Italian renaissance), with a on his way to stardom Spencer Tracy is always fun to watch! Plus Claire Trevor!
That was it from Leone!
PRIVATE LIFE
At her prime, Leone weighted 123 pounds, and was five feet, six Inches. Tall, darkhaired and striking, Leone was quite popular with the boys in Hollywood.
However,Leone never married, and sadly no mentions of a boyfriend/fiancee was found in the papers. One wonders what happened to Leone, what was her story, as choosing this path, especially in the early 20th century, took quite a bit of guts and will power. What an interesting woman, but sad I could not find more info on her.
The reason why Leone may be remembered today is that she was a very close friend of Jean Harlow. They met while working on a same movie, bonded very quickly and were thick as thieves until Jean’s untimely death in 1937.
Her acting career long over, Leone became a dressmaker in Los Angeles. She lived with her widowed mother until her death in the 1970s.
Leone Lane died on March 28, 1993 in Los Angeles.
A pretty small-town dancer, Helen Fairweather landed in Hollywood during the silents, tried to make a career, didn’t yell, then tried a few years later, during the sound period. Sadly, she had no luck and with little long term potential, she gave up performing to become a housewife. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Helen Fern Fairweather was born on October 22, 1908, in Kansas City, Missouri, to John Fairweather and Jeanne Doner. She was their only child. Her father was an undertaker (making Helen the undertaker’s daughter!).
The family moved to Hollywood from Kansas city when Helen was about 14 years old. She started to attend Hollywood High school. Helen was a gifted child that loved dancing, and pretty soon it as clear that she could become a pro if she went down that road. However, Helen quietly went to high school and didn’t think too much of it, until one peculiar moment.
Here is how Helen ended up in the chorus line:
“I was still in Hollywood High when a girl friend obtained a job in the chorus of “Patsy.” Enviously I listened to her enthusiastic accounts of rehearsals and the thrill of being in a show. One day, when the comedy had been in rehearsal for a week she came rushing in and crabbed me out of my Latin class to tell me that one of the girls had dropped out and that there was a vacancy and that she had arranged a tryout for me. It took high-pressure salesmanship to convince my mother that it was the right thing to do, but she finally gave her consent, thinking of course I didn’t stand a chance. “My girl friend, having been in the chorus for fully a week, thought she was well up in the ways of the world and convinced me that I would have to look like a chorus girl to get the job, I was only 16 and then had never used rouge or lipstick. This was a disadvantage, my friend decided, and painted me up within an inch of my life. Timidly I appeared before Dave Bennett in my bathing suit, surrounded by fifty experienced dancers who watched me with an insolent ‘show us’ attitude. I went into my dance and seemingly pleased Dave Bennett, but on the side he advised me to ‘get rid of that mess on your face’ so he could see what I looked like!'”
A movie scout noticed Helen while she was in the chorus line, and thus her career started!
CAREER
Pretty slim pickings here sadly. Two silent and two sound movies, most of them not that remembered today, two even lost. it is very probable that Helen appeared in many more movies, but her participation was just not documented and the records are probably lost for prosperity.
Helen made her movie debut, with much publicity, in The Private Life of Helen of Troy (1927), a Trojan war romp, taken from the perspective of the alluring Helen and her licit love affair with Paris. This is a movie that survived only in fragments, and unless you know somebody who can screen it for you, it’s impossible to see. What a shame, it does seem like a over-the-top, Arc Deco acts as antiquity piece of work which one could find in the roaring twenties. Maria Corda plays Helen, and she seems like a good fit for the legendary seductress, and Paris is played by Ricardo Cortez, an actor I like very much and am sad is not better remembered today. Helen plays the goddess Athena. Her next silent movie was Vamping Venus, a wacky comedy set in ancient Greece again (plot: A present-day Irish American politician is vaulted into ancient Greece after receiving a bump on the head.).
Helen’s first documented sound movie was White Shoulders,a completely forgotten Mary Astor precode, again with the alluring Ricardo Cortez. The movie is considered lost, but it has plenty of precode sass, with bigamy, rape, gold digging and a plethora of other topics touched upon. Made from a Rex Beach story, it follows Mary Astor playing a young girl trying to make it in the city, who become a point of intense infatuation by a wacky millionaire, played by Tim Holt. She married him for the money, then falls for a gigolo, played by Cortez. And the drama starts! The movie was not a hit when first screened, and sadly fell into total obscurity.
Helen’s last movie was Stand Up and Cheer!, which is less of a movie and more of an excuse to put one variety act after another. Avoid if you don’t like your movies without a plausible plot. of course, as always with art, if depends if you like these sort of things – I prefer my films with more story and characterizations. But there are plenty of good actors (Warren Baxter, James Dunn, Madge Evans, Shirley Temple) and nice music to enjoy, and scantly clad ladies, oh my!
That’s it from Helen!
PRIVATE LIFE
At her peak, Helen was blond, 5 feet 3 inches high, weighed 113 pounds, and smiled easily. Helen got some minor publicity early in her career, mostly for being the undertaker’s daughter, and secondly since she claimed she did not have a dance lesson in her life. Here is a short excerpt:
Helen Fairweather is a fair example of the fact that dancing lessons are not essential to a dancer! She had never had a dancing lesson in her life when she landed her first job dancing in the chorus of “Patsy” and has never had one since. Nevertheless, she has appeared in countless musical shows and revues both here and in New York, always as a dancer. “Ever since I was a child I wanted to dance and practiced for hours by myself, imitating other dancers,” explains Miss Fairweather.
As for her married life, it was pretty low-key and stable, Helen met and married a New York accountant, Arthur Franklin, in 1933 in New Jersey. Franklin was born on March 18, 1897, in New York City, to George Franklin and Pauline Samuels, the third of four children. He grew up in New York, served in the US army during WW1, and worked as a time clerk after his discharge.
The couple lived in Los Angeles for a short time after their marriage, where Helen tried to revive her career, but without such success. Any plan for cinematic advancement was put on permanent hold after their daughter, Pauline Elsie, was born on 13 September 1935. The family moved to New York in about 1938. Franklin started to work as a logistics/financial part of the 1939 world fair, and continued working for them until the fair closed in 1940. Here is a short summary of the Fair:
The 1939–40 New York World’s Fair was a world’s fair held at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York, United States. It was the second-most expensive American world’s fair of all time, exceeded only by St. Louis’s Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904. Many countries around the world participated in it, and over 44 million people attended its exhibits in two seasons.[2] It was the first exposition to be based on the future, with an opening slogan of “Dawn of a New Day”, and it allowed all visitors to take a look at “the world of tomorrow”.
The family returned to living in Los Angeles in the 1940s. Arthur started to work in the music department of Paramount studios as a supervisor. Helen was back in the Tinsel town milleau, and was socially active with her husband in the musical circles.
Arthur died on December 22, 1958 from heart disease. Helen remarried to Sidney R. Clare in 1960. Clare, born on August 15, 1891, in Kaunas, Lithuania, was a talented, multi-disciplinary man. He immigrated to the US in the 1900s, lived in New York, was educated in the School of Commerce, and worked in vaudeville as an director/writer/actor/singer/composer for several years before landing in Hollywood and working in movies as a composer. Some of his hit songs were “On the Good Ship Lollipop”, “Ma, He’s Making Eyes at Me”, “Please Don’t Talk About Me When I’m Gone”, “Then I’ll Be Happy”. He was married once before, to Myrtle Hammerstad. Helen and Sidney met after she and her late husband returned to Los Angeles, and were friends for a long time before becoming a couple. They enjoyed their retirement in the vibrant California climate.
Clare died on August 29, 1972 in Los Angeles. Helen did not remarry, and moved to a lovely home in Carmichael at some point in the 1980s. Sadly, Helen’s daughter Pauline died in 1987.
Helen Franklin Clare died on February 9, 2000, in Carmichael, California.
Rosalind Keith was a gifted child theater actress who ramped up plenty of amateur experience before she even came to California. Hungry for fame and success, she got what she wanted with some elaborate publicity stunts, but was soon stuck playing leads in C level movies. Now what she expected from Hollywood, Rosalind retired upon marriage, and left her acting ambitions behind. Le’ts learn more about her!
EARLY YEARS
Rosalind Culli was born on December 6, 1916, in Mascoutah, Illinois, to Rudolph Culli and Hilda Culli. She was their only child. Her father was a mechanical engineer.
When she was a small child her parents moved to Belleville, Illinois. For a time her father was connected with the Modem Electric Company, the Metropolitan Insurance Company and later operated a soda bottling works. Rosalind at an early age showed remarkable talent in dramatics. However she came by this naturally as her mother appeared in several local plays and gave remarkable performances.
While still a child Rosalind was a pupil of the Kendall School of Expression. She appeared in number of their plays during the years from 1922 to 1931. Some of her most important local roles Included “The Girl of the Wagon Train” at the Washington Theater and Little at the Lincoln. In 1930 when the Mayor staged a huge benefit show for the unemployed Rosalind appeared in an important role in Little Brown School”. The next year at the opening of the Kendall Little Theater she made one of her last appearances in the leading role of the opening attraction.
The Cullis moved to St Louis, Missouri in the late 1920s, but Rosalind continued her lessons with Mrs Kendall for a considerable period. Rosalind attended high school in St. Louis, and continued acting in amateur productions, racking up quite a number of shows under her belt.
After Rosalind graduated from high school in St. Louis, she decided to try her luck in Hollywood. And that is She landed some bit parts in theater shows. She was appearing on the stage there in “Small Miracle’ when talent scouts spotted her and gave her a screen test. And this is how it all began!
CAREER
Rosalind came to Hollywood when she was a seasoned little theater actress, who acted for years and had plenty of experience. So what went wrong? It’s hard to say, but Rosie was stuck in low level movie entries, and somehow never managed to outgrow that. Was she not charismatic, or perhaps she was not a good actress? Or maybe she just wasn’t lucky? But let’s see what she did make during her Hollywood sojourn.
Rosalind made her debut in the forgotten movie, Romance in the Rain, about the publicity shenanigan of a a editor of a tabloid magazine. Very relevant even today! Not much is known about the movie, but Heather Angel and Esther Ralston are in the cast, which is always a plus! heather’s voice! Pure perfection! Rosie than appeared int he original adaptation of The Glass Key. As most movies where is a more famous versions (the Alan Ladd/Veronica Lake 1942 movie), it’s unjustly overlooked, and while generally not better than it’s more prolific brother it does have some meaty young George Raft deliciousness in it. And Claire Dodd, playing the role was famous for int he early 1930s (a sly, vixenish but ultimately bad girl) is stunning!
Rosalidn thne played a leading role in Annapolis Farewell, a movie that is preserved but is almost never shown anywhere and most people who don’t live in California can’t watch it easily. it’s a old times vs. new times movie, with a old navy man coming to Annapolis and being unhappy with the way thins are today. It has a solid B level cast(Tom Brown, Richard Cromwell as the dashing young men and Guy Standing as the old timer) and it seems to be a B level effort.
Similarly forgotten is It’s a Great Life, a Despression era drama about young men who deperately want to find work, travel around the country, and fall in love with the same women (played by Rosalind). While the movie is slated too much into melodrama (As it seems), it’s an interesting relic of the bygone times and what young men shad to live trough during the early 1930s. From a social point of view, very intriguing!
seems like a charming little comedy, so rarely made today! Here is the bare bones scenario: Set in 1883, Professor Eustace McGargle, a swindling carnival man, comes to a small town with his daughter, Poppy (Rochelle Hudson) where he establishes himself as the prize medicine seller while Poppy wanders about and meets and falls in love with Billy Farnsworth (Richard Cromwell), a mayor’s son, but because of Poppy’s sideshow background, the Farnsworth family look down on her. Only Sarah Tucker (Maude Eburne), a matron woman, takes a liking to Poppy, and later discovers something about her true identity that makes things right again with the Farnsworths. But, like in most W.C. Fields comedies, it’s not the story, but it’s the Fields touch, his special brand of comedy which is hard to describe, but so endearing and funny at the same time.
King of the Royal Mounted is a movie about Mounties, and allegedly not a bad one either! Fans of outdoor movies, especially situatied in the lush green mountain surroundings, should enjoy this! Rosalind plays a innocent girl who inherits a mine but an evil lawyer is after it, and a handsome Mountie comes to her rescue! Rosalind’s last movie of 1936 was Theodora Goes Wild, a superb screwball comedy with Irene Dunne and Melvyn Douglas, where Irene plays a New England prim and proper small town gir living with tho very conservative spinster aunts, but who leads a double life as a scandalous bets selling author! Problems arise when Mervyn Douglas finds out her secret, and comes to visit her in their puritanical small town. Irene is a treasure of an actress, and Douglas is great in anything he appears in, and the two make quite a pair!
Rosalind appeared in a string of seemingly okay B movies, but who are completely forgotten today: Find the Witness, a crime movie about a Houdini type of a magician who is accused of murdering his wife, but he claims he was enclosed in a coffin at the bottom of the ocean at the time,and the detectives are working against the clock to see if he is guilty or not, Westbound Mail, a Charles Starret western (and yopu know what I think of low budget westerns, the less said the better), Parole Racket , a run of the mill gangster movie that abound in the 30s, with Paul Kelly playing a good guy trying to get bad guys behind the bars,
Motor Madness, Criminals of the Air, a crime movie about people busting an aerial smuggling operation (and one of Rita hAywiorth’s earliest movie roles!), A Fight to the Finish a Monte Cristo revenge like movie about taxi cab drivers, A Fight to the Finish, a convoluted drama thriller about a girl who inherits a steel works company and has to keep it afloat with the help of a fair foreman, Under Suspicion, a similarly themed industrial espionage thriller. In similar vein were Manhattan Shakedown and Arson Gang Busters, both typical low budget 1930s thrillers dealing with a specific issue (journalism in Shakedown and arsonists in Gang busters).
Luckily, the next few movies Rosalind appeared in are a bit more… Noticed by reviewers, so we can vouch to say they are not completely forgotten. However, and they good? Clipped Wings get seen today by aviation aficionados and fans of Jason Robards Sr so it’s not forgotten, but it’s not a good movie, it’s a strictly C level affair and it shows in the overall quality. Trouble in Sundown is a low budget western, and less I say about them the better (you know I don’t like them at all!). Bad Boy on the otehr hand is a kind of an oddity, an early film noir where Rosalind plays a femme fatale who spins Johnny Dows around her little finger. Johnny gets mixed up with some pretty bad guy (racketeers), and lots of thrilling things happen! The movie was butchered by the censors (Rosalind’s character was a prostitute, but that was toned down) and retains but a bit of it’s original power, but it’s worth watching as a late 1930s relic!
Rosalind got married in 1939 and largely retired from movies, and made only one uncredited appearance, in Ladies of Washington , an low budget but nonetheless interesting whodunit with a bunch of girls living together due to the housing shortage during the war, and then a murder happens! There are plenty of B class actress eye candy, like Trudy Marshall, Sheila Ryan, Beverly Whitney, and even a very early role for the magnificent Anthony Quinn!
That was it from Rosalind!
PRIVATE LIFE
Rosalind married her first husband, James H. Lewis, an artist and magazine illustrator, in St. Louis in 1932, when she was just 15 years old and still in high school. The marriage was very stormy, with James liking to flirt with other girls and Rosalind always unhappy about it (he often was too friendly with waitresses, sometimes when Rosalind was there). She called James “sullen, morose, cold and uncompanionable.” Then he just left their shared home one day in August 1934, this was the last straw for Rosalind. They finally divorced in 1935.
When Rosalind came to Hollywood in 1934, she tried to be noticed to get a role. Due to pretty girls being an easy commodity in Hollywood, she decided to take some extra measures to be noticed. She bleached her hair, thinned her eyebrows, started to wear more make-up, and opted a succession of unusual pets: a coyote, a honey bear, and then an ocelot. Before she assumed ownership of the ocelot, Paramount Pictures signed her to a contract role in The Glass Key. Rosalind had not forgotten her former friends in Illinois, and for instance her old mentor Mrs Kendall received two beautiful photographs from Miss Culli and has had several letters from her while In Hollywood.
After dating men like Abey Drefus for a short while, Rosalind then met and fel in love with eminent cameraman, William Mellor. The two became an elopement case in March 1939, when they were secretly married in Boulder City, Nevada. Mellor was born on June 29, 1903. He began his career in the photographic labs at Paramount in the mid-20’s and in the early 1930s became a director of photography, working primarily on the studio’s lesser productions. At the same time, he continued to serve his apprenticeship by assisting veteran cinematographer Victor Milner as first camera operator on A-grade features. Mellor was a homeboy who preferred living with his mother, shunned the Hollywood social life and was pretty introverted. He was never married before he met Rosalind.
The outgoing, forcefull Rosalind and such a gentle, artistic soul as Mellor did not mesh well at all. Rosalind tried to make it work, but within 10 months, fed up with everything, Rosalind asked a divorce from Mellor, charging extreme cruelty. They had been married so briefly, true, but it was more than enough for Rosie to know what she did not want. As she told the divorce court: I do not feel I am divorcing my husband so much as I am divorcing his family. He was very spasmodic in his affections,” she said. “It seemed he was influenced by his family he lived with his mother and his sister for 36 years.”
Rosalind next married husband number three, wealthy financier Leo Jacobson, in 1940. Jacobson gave Rosalind the entry into he world of wealth, and she became accustomed to some finer things in life, which became a habit. However, she marriage fell apart very soon, and in a almost comical, farcical way. Here is an article from their divorce case:
Finery Housewife, auburn-haired Rosalind Keith of the film?, has the most extensive wardrobe in Beverly Hill s “sufficient for the next 10 years.” Financier Leo Jacobson yesterday thus described the extent of Miss Keith’s wearing apparel at a temporary alimony hearing in Superior Judge Carl A. Stutsman’s court in which the actress asked $500 monthly.pending trial of the couple’s divorce suit. Mi?s Keith admitted that her wardrobe is “quite extensive” and includes several fur coats valued at approximately $5000. Further testimony of both Jacobson and Miss Keith disclosed that the couple have lived at the same house since divorce proceedings were instituted. “We share the same bedroom,” Miss Keith said, “because we discuss the financial arrangements of our divorce until the wee hours of the morning. At first I slept in a guest room, but I lost too much sleep walking back and forth.”
Rosalind divorced Leo in 1942, and married Hernando Courtright on September 29, 1943 in Nevada. Hernando was an interesting man. The president of the Beverly Hills Hotel and a former vice president of the Bank of America, he had quite a history! Hernando William de Vos Courtright was born on July 10, 1904, to George Courtright and Marguerite Del Valle, in Coeur D’Alene, Idaho, reared in San Francisco. At six years old he suffered a skull fracture when he was thrown from a pony and dragged. The accident impaired his hearing, but did not stop him from pursuing his dreams. Graduating from UC Berkeley and the USC School of Business he became president of the National Pacific Tank and Mill Co. of Oakland, then vice president at Bank of America, where he fell into the hotel business. He purchased and made the Beverly Hills Hotel a world-famous hotel – it became the “in” place to stay, its Polo Lounge an especially famous spot for movie biz people. Hernando was a true bon vivant, and knew just about everyone worth knowing. He was also not married before he met Rosalind.
Rosalind became a California high society matron, and was very active in the local charity circuit, was a major party organizer and visible in all the major societal newspaper columns of the time. Her movie career was effectively over, but other interesting things were before her!
In a weird twist of events, Hernando sold his Beverly Hills hotel to hotelier Ben Silberstein, and also lost his wife to the same man! Yes, Rosalind divorced Hernando and married for the last time to Benjamin Laurence Silberstein. Silberstein was born in 1902, in Michigan. He was married once before, to Gertrude Bord, in 1930. They had two children, a stillbirth son in 1931, and a daughter, Muriel, born on October 24, 1932. The couple continued living the high life in California afterwards. This is his FindaGrave biography, and trust me it’s interesting:
Hotel owner. He was a union boss from Detroit who traveled to California with his family and at the request of one of his young daughters bought The Beverly Hills Hotel and Bungalows in 1954. He lived there and ran the hotel under his strict and watchful eye until the year of his death, creating and consistently maintaining an atmosphere which made top business executives and celebrities need to stay there, during the waning Golden Years of Hollywood. Running a 97% occupancy rate year round, he protected a completely social atmosphere in the 1912 hotel by not allowing any advertisement or convention groups, neither of which he needed. He also didn’t allow anyone to be in the hotel’s lobby without shoes or to be loud and boisterous, nor any photography whatsoever in the public areas. The hotel had it’s own security officers and its confidential “Do Not Take” list included all rock groups and was much longer than the VIP list. He kept a close eye on the behavior of employees and guests alike, and to help him remain anonymous on the premises his staff spoke to and of him only as Mr. S. He had some eccentric ideas and would often dress in casual unfashionable clothing so as not to be recognized and pandered to. This once led a new employee who had never sen him, thinking he was a homeless person, to call security when he wandered into the the hotel’s accounting office very early one morning.
The marriage to such a colorful character did not last, alas, and Rosie and Ben divorced in 1962. Silberstein remarried to Bonita Edwards and died in 1979.
Rosalind remained in California, long retired, enjoying her golden years. She did not remarry and moved to Diablo, Conta Costa at some point.
Rosalind Courtright died on February 24, 2000, in Diablo, Contra Costa, California.
|
|||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 50
|
https://playback.fm/person/albert-i-of-germany
|
en
|
Albert I of Germany
|
https://playback.fm/share-image?text=Albert I of Germany
|
https://playback.fm/share-image?text=Albert I of Germany
|
[
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albrecht_Erste_Habsburg.jpg?width=300",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elisabeth%20Tirol.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolph%20I%20of%20Austria.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gertrud%20Anna%20Habsburg%20Basel%20Muenster%202008%20018.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20II.%20-%20K%C3%B6nig%20Rudolf%20I.%20mit%20Agnes%20von%20B%C3%B6hmen.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Matilda%20of%20Austria%20Duchess%20of%20Bavaria.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clementia%20of%20Habsburg.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hedwig%20Habsburg.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guta%20zbrasl.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guta%2C%20countess%20of%20Oettingen.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albert%20II%20of%20Austria.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolph%20III%20of%20Habsburg.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leopold1Habs.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Agnes%20Regina.JPG?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Habsburger%20BSB%20Cod%20icon%20330%20fol%2018v.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elisabeth%20of%20Austria%2C%20duchess%20of%20Lorraine.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry%20the%20Friendly.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Katerina%20kalabrie.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anna%20of%20Austria.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frederick%20III%20the%20Fair.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Old-Town%20of%20Rheinfelden%20with%20the%20Rhein.JPG?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charlotte%20Corday.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aerial%20image%20of%20the%20Speyer%20Cathedral%20%28view%20from%20the%20southwest%29%20%28cropped%29.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albrecht%20D%C3%BCrer%20-%20Portrait%20of%20Maximilian%20I%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arco%20Sisto%20V%20targa%20M.jpg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mars%20symbol.svg?width=64",
"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jerusalem%20Holy-Sepulchre%20Jesus-Detail-01.png?width=64"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Find out where Albert I of Germany was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts.
|
en
|
Playback.fm
|
https://playback.fm/person/albert-i-of-germany
|
Fame Ranking
What does "Most Famous" mean? Unlike other sites which use current mentions, follower counts, etc. that tend to call the most famous people YouTube stars or Reality TV stars, we've decided to mark fame as a persons importance in history. We've conducted research scouring millions of historical references to determine the importance of people in History. That being said, we might have missed a few people here and there. The ranking system is a continuing work in progress - if you happen to feel like someone is misranked or missing, please shoot us a message!
Fame Ranking
What does "Most Famous" mean? Unlike other sites which use current mentions, follower counts, etc. that tend to call the most famous people YouTube stars or Reality TV stars, we've decided to mark fame as a persons importance in history. We've conducted research scouring millions of historical references to determine the importance of people in History. That being said, we might have missed a few people here and there. The ranking system is a continuing work in progress - if you happen to feel like someone is misranked or missing, please shoot us a message!
|
|||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 52
|
https://historydraft.com/happened/what-happened/1291AD/world
|
en
|
What happened 1291 AD
|
[
"https://historydraft.com/assets/logo.white.png",
"https://historydraft.com/assets/logo.white.png",
"https://historydraft.com/assets/logo.white.png",
"https://historydraft.com/assets/logo.white.png",
"https://historydraft.com/files/296510f9-fc16-4943-abca-cb988acfacce.80.webp 320w, https://historydraft.com/files/296510f9-fc16-4943-abca-cb988acfacce.160.webp 640w, https://historydraft.com/files/296510f9-fc16-4943-abca-cb988acfacce.320.webp 1280w, https://historydraft.com/files/296510f9-fc16-4943-abca-cb988acfacce.480.webp 1920w, https://historydraft.com/files/296510f9-fc16-4943-abca-cb988acfacce",
"https://historydraft.com/files/b74c0da5-8c94-4157-959e-a8542ee9672c.80.webp 320w, https://historydraft.com/files/b74c0da5-8c94-4157-959e-a8542ee9672c.160.webp 640w, https://historydraft.com/files/b74c0da5-8c94-4157-959e-a8542ee9672c.320.webp 1280w, https://historydraft.com/files/b74c0da5-8c94-4157-959e-a8542ee9672c.480.webp 1920w, https://historydraft.com/files/b74c0da5-8c94-4157-959e-a8542ee9672c",
"https://historydraft.com/files/ae66b125-f4a2-49ac-8435-bbae4fa89f1b.80.webp 320w, https://historydraft.com/files/ae66b125-f4a2-49ac-8435-bbae4fa89f1b.160.webp 640w, https://historydraft.com/files/ae66b125-f4a2-49ac-8435-bbae4fa89f1b"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"history",
"timelines",
"story",
"stories",
"on this day"
] | null |
[] | null |
Check most memorable events 1291 AD.
|
en
|
logo.png
|
//historydraft.com
|
After Rudolf's death in 1291, Adolf and Albert were two further weak kings who were never crowned emperor. Adolf of Germany (c. 1255 – 2 July 1298) was Count of Nassau from about 1276 and elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1292 until his deposition by the prince-electors in 1298. He was never crowned by the Pope, which would have secured him the title of Holy Roman Emperor. He was the first physically and mentally healthy ruler of the Holy Roman Empire ever to be deposed without a papal excommunication. Adolf died shortly afterwards in the Battle of Göllheim fighting against his successor Albert of Habsburg. Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), the eldest son of King Rudolf I of Germany and his first wife Gertrude of Hohenberg, was a Duke of Austria and Styria from 1282 and King of Germany from 1298 until his assassination.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 44
|
http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811.htm
|
en
|
[
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/arrow01.gif",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/arrow01.gif",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811_1_mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_medium.jpg",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811_2_habsburg_schweiz.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Familie
Ægtefæller/børn:
1. Ludwig II af Bayern
Agnes af Bayern+
Rudolf I bei Rhein
Anna af Bayern
Mechtild af Bayern
Ludwig IV von Wittelsbach+
Mathilde af Østrig
Født: 1252, Habsburg Schweiz, Brugg District, Aargau, Schweiz
Ægteskab (1): Ludwig II af Bayern den 27 Okt. 1273 i Aachen Tyskland
Død: 23 Dec. 1304 i en alder af 52 år
Et andet navn for Mathilde var Habsburg.
Notater:
Mathilde von Habsburg liv
Matilda of Habsburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Matilda of Habsburg or Melchilde (Rheinfelden, ca. 1252-Munich, Bavaria, 23 December 1304) was the eldest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenburg. Her siblings included: Judith of Habsburg, Klementia of Habsburg and Albert I of Germany.
Biography
On the 24 October 1273, Matilda married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria in Aachen, she was his third and final wife. There was a large age difference, Louis was twenty three years older than Matilda but they still had four children. Their children were:
Agnes (ca. 1267/77\endash 1345), married to:
1290 in Donauwörth Landgrave Henry II of Hesse;
1298/1303 Heinrich I "Ohneland" ("Lackland"), Margrave of Brandenburg.
Rudolf I (4 October 1274, Basle\endash 12 August 1319).
Mechthild (1275\endash 28 March 1319, Lüneburg), married 1288 to Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
Ludwig IV (1 April 1282, Munich\endash 11 October 1347, Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck).
On her husband's death in 1294, Matilda acted as regent for her young son Rudolf. A decision was made for Matilda to take part of the duchy and her son to take the other part. Matilda took a large part of Upper Bavaria while her son took the cities such as: Ingolstadt, Neuberg, Langenfeld and Rietberg. Within a couple of years her son came of age and ruled the kingdom by himself.
[edit]Family
Matilda was the forth of nine children, her younger sister, Judith married Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was the mother of ten children, among them were Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia and Elisabeth I of Bohemia, duchess of Luxembourg. Klementia's daughter Clemence was the mother of John I of France, the baby king. John I died when he was only five days old so was succeded by his paternal uncle Philip.
Her mother, Gertrude was born to Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg (d. 1253) and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen.
Her paternal grandparents were Burchard IV, Count of Hohenberg and his unnamed wife. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolph II, Count palatine and his wife, a daughter of Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen.Burchard IV was a son of Burchard III, Count of Hohenberg.
Burchard III was one of two sons of Burchard II, Count of Hohenberg. He was co-ruler with his brother Frederick, Count of Hohenberg. His brother had no known descendants and the two brothers consequently had a single successor.
Burchard II was one of five known sons of Frederick I, Count of Zollern and his wife Udachild of Urach.
[edit]Louis IV's early reign as Duke of Upper Bavaria
Though Matilda had her younger son, Louis partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf I in Upper Bavaria in 1301 with the support of Matilda and her brother King Albert I, he quarrelled with the Habsburgs from 1307 over possessions in Lower Bavaria. A civil war against his brother Rudolf due to new disputes on the partition of their lands was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich.
In the same year Louis defeated his Habsburg cousin Frederick the Handsome. Originally, he was a friend of Frederick, with whom he had been raised. However, armed conflict arose when the tutelage over the young Dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV) was entrusted to Frederick. On November 9, 1313, Frederick was beaten by Louis in the Battle of Gamelsdorf and had to renounce the tutelage.
Begivenheder i hendes liv:
1. Bopæl, 1252, Habsburg Schweiz, Brugg District, Aargau, Schweiz.
Mathilde blev gift med Ludwig II af Bayern, søn af Otto II af Bayern og Agnes Bei Rhein, den 27 Okt. 1273 i Aachen Tyskland. (Ludwig II af Bayern blev født den 13 Apr. 1229 i Heidelberg Tyskland og døde den 2 Feb. 1294 i Heidelberg Tyskland.)
|
|||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 11
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Rudolf-I-King-of-the-Germans-Count-of-Habsburg/6000000001500890965
|
en
|
Rudolf I, King of the Germans, Count of Habsburg
|
[
"https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p4/3068/3754/5344483643d16465/Rudolph_I_of_Germany_medium.jpg?hash=871c518448399588833d0ca9d534584c5b57f51f2873bd6e5a7848cdf3ad8542.1724309999&height=150&width=112",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/27/17/10/0b/534448528372f611/220px-calw_t2.jpg?hash=99185d096a06f60abc40dbc03bd5fffe633614a34df1bd290eeff895d6ce3f3d.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p14/57/1c/0e/00/53444866647d3a3e/anna_von_bohmen_t2.jpg?hash=43289884f24476e858764a8ec375998963ad05c40281d77c7e04194ab4e24101.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p14/b4/d7/e6/20/53444865e3889f80/anna_gertrud_of_hohenburg_t2.jpg?hash=6788c7951350b41905b65d76716ed1782acac81c5ffe4d68c010878794d17dca.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/57/7f/b9/0d/53444838f48c6929/mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_t2.jpg?hash=b6f6be0e1742d09773c89699166cbbfe5e7ce02480a496b06f1152016387e66c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/0c/8f/dc/bb/5344483d333e5324/pes_348_t2.jpg?hash=d1dfe08ad9754e9af570628679c80e90893616dde3a39cc0b62e4e543539348f.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/f1/7d/9d/04/5344485e6f1859fa/img_1599_2__t2.jpg?hash=cf38a176ba4f33a95ea6f2dc22af43d2e018d13d348131da8e0cf69bcc637613.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/6b/7e/5e/dd/5344485e6f129d35/img_1601_2__t2.jpg?hash=bd4d5e582b711884513100971a5009835a0520f503e6d6a9b5035b32264f9aa4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/73/90/e0/a6/5344483fcc1a01d9/habsburg_medium_t2.jpg?hash=11ba4c6c9cd53ecdcad8b9a1517b06f0ba6b437f504c98ae4576fb5b35141bc7.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/80/83/cf/4f/5344485cc62fe478/clemence_of_austria_t2.jpg?hash=feab9c21628d00ccc25a307355b70dc22a30c1158ebde6cc9f182db26b956169.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/da/fb/29/ec/5344485e6d224784/img_1612_2__t2.jpg?hash=20614822ff8343207ad5181e7c317ba2272f06c7169426b6d792994573b1f1a3.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b4/27/d6/a5/5344485e6d224786/img_1610_2__t2.jpg?hash=2b39079f597cd18c7024ceb8562f2b2c4e5a74f75d1363b3c1b884b4464008d8.1724309999",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"family tree",
"genealogy",
"trace your ancestry",
"family tree maker",
"family tree search",
"family tree charts",
"family statistics",
"ancestors",
"research"
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-11T05:30:05-08:00
|
Genealogy for Rudolf I von Habsburg, Römisch-Deutscher König (1218 - 1291) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
|
en
|
/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
geni_family_tree
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Rudolf-I-King-of-the-Germans-Count-of-Habsburg/6000000001500890965
|
Rudolph I of Germany
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus) May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291) was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the German feudal dynasties.
Early life
Rudolf was the son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, and Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich, Count of Kyburg, and was born in Limburg im Breisgau. At his father's death in 1239, Rudolf inherited the family estates in Alsace and Aargau. In 1245 he married Anne, daughter of Burkhard III, Count of Hohenberg. As a result, Rudolf became an important vassal in Swabia, the ancient Alemannic stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254 he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in Northern Italy, especially in Lombardy, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
[edit]Rise to power
The disorder in Germany after the fall of the Hohenstaufen afforded an opportunity for Rudolph to increase his possessions. His wife was an heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle, Hartmann VI, Count of Kyburg, in 1264, he seized Hartmann's valuable estates. Successful feuds with the bishops of Strassburg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others. He also possessed large estates inherited from his father in the regions now known as Switzerland and Alsace.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolph the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal duchy Swabia had disintegrated, leaving room for its vassals to become quite independent) when, in the autumn of 1273, the princes met to elect a king after the death of Richard of Cornwall. His election in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, Frederick III of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg. The support of Albert II, Duke of Saxony (Wittenberg) and of Louis II, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Upper Bavaria, had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolph's daughters. As a result, Otakar II (1230-78), King of Bohemia, a candidate for the throne and grandson of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Frederick. Another candidate was Frederick of Meissen (1257-1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Frederick II who did not yet have a principality of his own as his father yet lived.
[edit]King of Germany
Rudolph was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. Friedrich Schiller in Der Graf von Habsburg ("The Count of Habsburg") presents a fictionalized rendering of the feast King Rudolf held following his coronation. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolph renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, in spite of Otakar's protests, not only recognized Rudolph himself, but persuaded Alfonso X, King of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German king in 1257 as the successor to William of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolph surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty that he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274 it was decided by the Diet of the Realm in Nuremberg that all crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that Otakar must answer to the Diet for not recognizing the new king. Otakar refused to appear or to restore the provinces of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Hermann VI, Margrave of Baden. Rudolf refuted Otakar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the crown due to the lack of male-line heirs (a position that conflicted with the provisions of Privilegium Minus). King Otakar was placed under the state ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him. Having persuaded Otakar's ally Henry I, Duke of Lower Bavaria, to switch sides, Rudolph compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then invested Otakar with Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Otakar's son Wenceslaus, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Otakar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, made an alliance with some Polish chiefs, and procured the support of several German princes, including his former ally, Henry of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolph formed an alliance with Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary, and gave additional privileges to the citizens of Vienna. On 26 August 1278 the rival armies met on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Otakar was defeated and killed. Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolph's representatives, leaving Kunigunda, the Queen Regent of Bohemia, in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus was again betrothed to one of Rudolf's daughters.
Rudolph's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, in Augsburg, Rudolph invested his sons, Albert and Rudolph, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, which had been without a ruler since Conradin's execution. The 27-year-old Duke Albert (married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Tirol (1238-95)) was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286 King Rudolf fully invested the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the provinces conquered from Otakar, to Albert's father-in-law Meinhard. The princes of the realm did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too.
Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Philip, Count Palatine of Burgundy, to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing, and in 1289 marched against Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281 his first wife died. On 5 February 1284 he married Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, his western neighbor.
Rudolph was not very successful in restoring internal peace to Germany. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole of Germany. But the king lacked the power, resources, or determination, to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia where he destroyed a number of robber-castles.
In 1291 he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. However, the princes refused claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, leery of the increasing power of the Habsburgs.
[edit]Persecution of the Jews
In 1286, Rudolf I instituted a new persecution of the Jews, declaring them servi camerae ("serfs of the treasury"), which had the effect of negating their political freedoms. Along with many others, Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, perhaps the greatest rabbi of the time, left Germany with family and followers, but was captured in Lombardy and imprisoned in a fortress in Alsace. Tradition has it that a large ransom of 23,000 marks silver was raised for him (by the ROSH), but Rabbi Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. He died in prison after seven years. Fourteen years after his death a ransom was paid for his body by Alexander ben Shlomo (Susskind) Wimpfen, who was subsequently laid to rest beside the Maharam. [1]
[edit]Death
Rudolph died in Speyer on July 15, 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolph's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg, which henceforth held sway over the southeastern and southwestern parts of the realm. In the rest of Germany, he left the princes largely to their own devices.
In the Divine Comedy, Dante finds Rudolph sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with his contemporaries, who berate him as "he who neglected that which he ought to have done".
[edit]Family and children
He was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Beatrice of Champagne. All children were from the first marriage.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden–21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolph II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270–10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden–23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Katharina (1256–4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257–11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and became the mother of Rudolf I, Elector of Saxony.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262–after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Guta (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271–18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth I of Bohemia, countess of Luxembourg.
King Rudolf also had an illegitimate son, Albrecht I of Schenkenberg, Count of Löwenstein.
[edit]References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Karl-Friedrich Krieger, Rudolf von Habsburg, Darmstadt: Primus Verlag, 2003, 294 S.
Wikipedia:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I._%28HRR%29
Rudolf I. (HRR)
aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche
Disambig-dark.svg Dieser Artikel erläutert den ersten römisch-deutschen König aus dem Hause Habsburg, nicht zu verwechseln mit dem ersten gleichnamigen Grafen Rudolf I. (Habsburg) († um 1063).
Rudolf von Habsburg, Grabplatte im Dom zu Speyer
Rudolf von Habsburg (* 1. Mai 1218 auf Burg Limburg bei Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl; † 15. Juli 1291 in Speyer) war als Rudolf IV. Graf von Habsburg, Kyburg und Löwenstein sowie Landgraf im Thurgau. Als Rudolf I. war er ab 1273 der erste römisch-deutsche König aus dem Geschlecht der Habsburger, von 1276 bis 1286 zudem Herzog von Kärnten und Krain sowie von 1278 bis 1282 Herzog von Österreich und der Steiermark.
Rudolf war der erste der – allerdings nur von Bernd Schneidmüller so genannten – „Grafenkönige“. Seine Leistungen wurden bereits von seinen Zeitgenossen anerkannt. Er beendete das Interregnum, besiegte den böhmischen König Ottokar II. und setzte den Landfrieden sowie die Hofrechtsprechung in Teilen des Reiches wieder durch. Im Rahmen seiner Möglichkeiten stärkte er das Königtum trotz der herausragenden Stellung der Kurfürsten. Außerdem legte er die Grundlage für die Macht seiner Familie. Er gilt außerdem als eine der populärsten Herrscherfiguren des deutschen Mittelalters.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
[Anzeigen]
* 1 Leben
o 1.1 Familie
o 1.2 Die Zeit als Graf von Habsburg (ca. 1240-1273)
o 1.3 Die Königswahl von 1273
o 1.4 Stärkung der königlichen Machtposition und Beginn der Revindikationspolitik (1273-1277)
o 1.5 Kampf gegen den König von Böhmen (1273–1278)
+ 1.5.1 Feldzüge gegen Ottokar II. Přemysl
o 1.6 Grundlagen der Macht der Habsburger in Österreich (1276–1283)
o 1.7 Überwindung des Interregnums: Die Revindikationspolitik Rudolfs
* 2 Tod und Ausblick
* 3 Wappen
* 4 Ehen und Nachkommen
* 5 Literarisches Nachwirken
* 6 Quellen
* 7 Literatur
* 8 Weblinks
* 9 Einzelnachweise
Leben [Bearbeiten]
Familie [Bearbeiten]
Rudolf entstammte dem Grafengeschlecht der Habsburger, dessen unzusammenhängender Besitz sich im Gebiet des Elsass und der Nordostschweiz befand. Die Habsburger verfolgten eine Politik der Anlehnung an das Königshaus der Staufer. Rudolf war der Sohn Albrechts IV. von Habsburg und dessen Gemahlin Hedwig von Kyburg († nach 1263). 1232 und 1238/9 kam es zwischen seinem Vater und dessen Bruder Rudolf III. zu einer Teilung des Familienbesitzes. Albrecht erhielt jedoch den größeren Teil des Besitzes in Form der Ländereien im Aargau und Frickgau, die Vogtei über das Kloster Muri, das Umland der Habsburg (Eigenamt) und den Großteil der elsässischen Ländereien. Von den Besitzungen im Zürichgau erhielt Albrecht den nördlichen Teil. Im Jahr 1239 übergab Albrecht seine Herrschaft an seine Söhne Rudolf IV. und den wohl noch minderjährigen Hartmann und begab sich auf einen Kreuzzug nach Palästina.
Die Zeit als Graf von Habsburg (ca. 1240-1273) [Bearbeiten]
Im Jahr 1240 erfuhr die Familie vom Tod Albrechts IV. und Rudolf trat, als vierter Graf von Habsburg, das Erbe an. Zu Beginn der 1240er Jahre trat Rudolf vermutlich in Beziehung zu König Konrad IV., um seine Ländereien als Lehen zu empfangen. 1241 hielt sich Rudolf am Hof Kaiser Friedrichs II. in Faenza auf. Im Jahr 1243 begann Rudolf eine Fehde mit Hugo III. von Tiefenstein/Teufen um Vogteirechte von Besitzungen der Klöster Stein am Rhein und Sankt Blasien, an deren Ende Hugo wohl im Auftrag Rudolfs ermordet wurde. Rudolf konnte bei seinem Vorgehen auf das Wohlwollen der Staufer hoffen. Diese benötigten nach der Absetzung Friedrichs II. durch Papst Innozenz IV. 1245 Rudolf als mächtigen Gefolgsmann im süddeutschen Raum, zumal sich Rudolfs Bruder Albrecht, Domherr in Basel, und Rudolf III. sich dem päpstlichen Lager anschlossen. Rudolf wurde aufgrund seiner Parteinahme für die Staufer mit dem Kirchenbann belegt. 1252 scheint Rudolf Konrad IV. für einige Zeit nach Italien begleitet zu haben. Etwa zwei Jahre später geriet Rudolf mit den Bischöfen von Basel und Straßburg in militärische Auseinandersetzungen um die Städte Breisach und Rheinfelden, wofür er von Konrad mit der Vogtei über Sankt Blasien und Freie im Schwarzwaldgebiet ausgestattet wurde. Zur selben Zeit heiratete er Gertrud von Hohenberg, seit 1273 Anna genannt. Nach dem Tode König Konrads IV. und dem Machtverlust der Staufer wurde Rudolf wahrscheinlich vom Kirchenbann gelöst.[1]
1261 unterstützte Rudolf Walter von Geroldseck, den Bischof von Straßburg, in seinem Zwist mit den Bürgern der Stadt Straßburg. Nach Abschluss eines Waffenstillstandes zwischen den kriegführenden Parteien wechselte er auf die Seite der Stadtbürger. Gemeinsam mit seinem Vetter Gottfried eroberte er die von Walter besetzten Reichsstädte Colmar, Kaisersberg und Mülhausen, deren Besitz für Rudolf im folgenden Jahr im Vorfrieden von St. Arbogast gesichert wurde.[2] Um 1262 errichtete Rudolf bei Schlettstadt die Burg Ortenberg als Residenz.
Im Jahr 1264 weitete sich der seit 1259 schwelende Zwist Rudolfs mit dem Grafen Peter II. von Savoyen um das Erbe Hartmanns des Älteren von Kiburg aus. Hartmann der Ältere entstammte Rudolfs Familie mütterlicherseits und war mit der Schwester Peters, Margarethe, verheiratet. Die Grafen von Savoyen veranlassten Hartmann Teile seiner Güter an seine Frau zu übergeben. Rudolf stützte die Ansprüche des Bruders Hartmanns des Älteren, Hartmanns des Jüngeren auf dessen Erbe. Dieser verstarb 1263 ohne männliche Erben. Nach dem Tod Hartmanns des Älteren 1264 besetzte Rudolf Hartmanns Güter (Thurgau, Zürichgau, Kloster Sankt Gallen) sowie die Güter von dessen Frau. Peter von Savoyen verklagte ihn aus diesem Grund bei der Kirche. Papst Klemens IV. drohte Rudolf daraufhin mit dem Kirchenbann, falls er die Ländereien Margarethes nicht zurückgeben sollte. Im Jahr 1265 fiel Rudolf im Gebiet Peters ein und errang zunächst einige Erfolge, allerdings konnte keine der Parteien eine entscheidenden Sieg erringen. Im September 1267 wurde Rudolf im Besitz des kiburgischen Erbes bestätigt. Er erhielt außerdem die Vormundschaft über die Witwe und Tochter Hartmanns des Jüngeren, dessen Erbe somit faktisch unter seine Herrschaft kam.[3]
Mit der Inbesitznahme des Kiburger Erbes stieg Rudolf zum mächtigsten Fürsten des nordschweizer Raums auf. In den Jahren 1266/67 errang er entscheidende Siege über die Regensberger und Toggenburger Adelsgeschlechter. Im Herbst 1267 zog Rudolf nach Verona zum Heerlager des Staufers Konradin, nahm jedoch nicht am Feldzug zur Eroberung des Königreichs Sizilien teil.
Im folgenden Jahr begannen langwierige Auseinandersetzungen Rudolfs mit dem Bischof Heinrich III. von Basel, in denen es hauptsächlich um die Herrschaft über die Städte Rheinfelden und Breisach ging. Ab 1271 wurde Rudolf von den Grafen von Freiburg, Fürstenberg und Sulz sowie den Herren von Lupfen unterstützt, während sich der Straßburger Bischof und der Graf von Pfirt Heinrich anschlossen. Rudolf konnte in den Jahren 1271 bis 1273 seine Herrschaft über das Kloster Sankt Gallen erweitern. Um eine Entscheidung zu erzwingen, belagerte er 1273 die Stadt Basel, unter deren Bürgerschaft er Anhänger besaß. Am 20. September wurde Rudolf von Burggraf Friedrich III. von Nürnberg von seiner bevorstehenden Wahl zum römisch-deutschen König unterrichtet. Daraufhin beendete Rudolf die Kampfhandlungen und schloss einen Waffenstillstand mit Heinrich III.
Die Königswahl von 1273 [Bearbeiten]
Nach dem Ende des staufischen Königtums 1254 wechselten sich Könige und Gegenkönige im Reich ab. Das durch die unklaren Machtpositionen dieser Herrscher entstandene Machtvakuum, nicht ganz korrekt Interregnum genannt, setzte sich mit der Doppelwahl von 1256/57 fort. Die beiden gewählten Könige Richard von Cornwall und Alfons von Kastilien konnten keine allgemeine Anerkennung im Reich erlangen. Diese als Interregnum bezeichnete Zeitspanne wurde von den Zeitgenossen als von Rechtsbrüchen und dem Fehlen königlicher Zentralgewalt geprägtes Zeitalter wahrgenommen.[4] Richard von Cornwall starb im April 1272. Daraufhin forderte Alfons von Papst Gregor X. die Bestätigung seiner Königswahl (päpstliche Approbation). Gregor X. arbeitete jedoch auf einen allgemeinen Kreuzzug zur Unterstützung der Christen in Palästina unter Führung des römisch-deutschen Kaisers hin. Da Alfons hierfür aus seiner Sicht nicht die nötige Anerkennung im Reich besessen haben dürfte, verweigerte er die Approbation und bereitete so den Weg für eine Neuwahl.[5]
Bald darauf wandten sich Karl von Anjou für seinen Neffen Philipp III., den König von Frankreich, und der Böhmenkönig Ottokar II. Premyšl an den Papst, um ihre Wahl zum König zu erreichen. Beide nahmen kaum Rücksicht auf die Wünsche der Kurfürsten, denen der Papst jedoch die Entscheidung zugunsten eines Kandidaten überließ. Andere mögliche Kandidaten wie der Pfalzgraf und Herzog von Oberbayern Ludwig der Strenge oder der Thüringer Friedrich der Freidige waren aufgrund ihrer politischen bzw. verwandtschaftlichen Nähe zu den Staufern aus Sicht der Kurie unwählbar. Gegen Ende des Jahres 1272 begann Erzbischof Werner von Mainz mit Verhandlungen innerhalb der rheinischen Kurfürstengruppe zum Ausgleich von Interessenkonflikten und zur Einigung auf einen Kandidaten. Am 1. September 1273 war er bereits mit Ludwig dem Strengen zu der Übereinkunft gelangt, entweder Siegfried von Anhalt oder Rudolf von Habsburg zu wählen, vorausgesetzt, dass die Wahl Ludwigs sich als nicht möglich erweisen sollte. Gründe für die Auswahl Rudolfs werden in seiner starken Position im Südwesten des Reiches und seiner Kriegserfahrung gesehen. Er schien geeignet, mögliche Auseinandersetzungen mit Ottokar Premyšl oder eventuell auch Philipp III. zu bestehen und verfügte aufgrund seiner Nähe zu den Staufern auch beim staufischen Anhang im früheren Herzogtum Schwaben Sympathien besaß.[6] Am 11. September bekundeten die drei geistlichen Kurfürsten und der Pfalzgraf, dass sie bei der Wahl gemeinsam stimmen wollten. Etwa zu diesem Zeitpunkt dürften sie auch Kontakte zum Herzog von Sachsen und dem Markgrafen von Brandenburg geknüpft haben, in denen man sich auf die Wahl Rudolfs einigte.[7]
Burggraf Friedrich von Nürnberg wurde zu Rudolf gesandt, um von ihm eine Bestätigung der Wahlbedingungen der Kurfürsten zu erlangen. Rudolf musste sich gegenüber den Kurfürsten verpflichten, dass er das seit der Stauferzeit entfremdete Reichsgut wieder zurückführen und Reichsgüter nur mit Zustimmung der (Kur-)Fürsten veräußern würde. Des Weiteren sollte er das Reich befrieden und die zahlreichen Fehden beenden sowie ungerechte Zölle beseitigen.[8]
Nachdem Rudolf den Bedingungen der Kurfürsten zugestimmt hatte, traten diese zur Wahl in Frankfurt am Main zusammen. Da jedoch von Ottokar Premyšl eine Ablehnung der Wahl angenommen wurde, ließ man Heinrich von Niederbayern als siebten Kurfürsten wählen. Hierdurch war die Gesamtzahl von sieben Kurfürsten erreicht und der 55-jährige Rudolf konnte am 1. Oktober 1273 in Frankfurt gewählt werden. Der böhmische Gesandte lehnte die Wahlentscheidung ab. Ottokar Premyšl beklagte in einem Protestbrief an den Papst die mangelnde Eignung Rudolfs für das Amt des römischen Königs.
Rudolf zog nach der Benachrichtigung durch Friedrich von Nürnberg zunächst nach Dieburg und wurde am 2. Oktober in Frankfurt empfangen. Auf dem Weg nach Aachen bekam er die Reichsinsignien ausgehändigt und wurde am 24. Oktober zusammen mit seiner Gattin im Aachener Münster von Engelbert II., dem Erzbischof von Köln, nach dem traditionellen Zeremoniell gesalbt und gekrönt.
Stärkung der königlichen Machtposition und Beginn der Revindikationspolitik (1273-1277) [Bearbeiten]
Nach seiner Wahl zum König begann Rudolf, seine Machtstellung zu stärken. Hierzu verheiratete er entsprechend vor der Wahl erfolgter Verhandlungen seine Töchter Matilde und Agnes mit Ludwig dem Strengen und Herzog Albrecht von Sachsen.
Um die Approbation des Papstes zu seiner Wahl zu erlangen, sandte Rudolf im Dezember 1273 seinen Kanzler Otto, Propst von Sankt Wido in Speyer, zu Gregor X. in Lyon. Durch eine zweite Gesandtschaft gelang es ihm, dem Papst vorzuspiegeln, er wolle sich dem geplanten Kreuzzug nach Palästina anschließen. Er versprach, die Italienpolitik der Staufer nicht zu erneuern und von früheren Königen der Kurie gewährte Privilegien zu bestätigen. Zudem erkannte er die päpstliche Vermittlung in seinem Konflikt mit Peter von Savoyen an und erklärte sich zu Verhandlungen über ein Heiratsprojekt mit Karl von Anjou bereit. Rudolf erhielt auch auf dem Konzil von Lyon die Unterstützung der anwesenden deutschen Geistlichen. Hierdurch wurden die von Ottokar vorgetragenen Beschwerden in den Augen des Papstes unwesentlich. Am 26. September 1274 erteilte er die Approbation zu Rudolfs Königswahl. Im folgenden Jahr ließ auch Alfons von Kastilien, der bisher mit böhmischer Unterstützung auf seinem Thronrecht bestanden hatte, seine Ansprüche fallen.[9]
Um im Reich einen allgemeinen Frieden zu erhalten, bestätigte Rudolf Einzelheiten des Mainzer Reichslandfriedens von 1235. So erklärte er bereits am 26. Oktober 1273 alle in der Zeit des Interregnums nicht gesetzmäßig erhobenen Zölle für ungültig, was besonders die Gebiet am Rhein betraf. Rudolf erneuerte auch das Amt des Hofrichters. Auf seinen Reisen durch das Reich ließ er die regionalen Machthaber per Eid zur Einhaltung des Friedens verpflichten. Waren diese hierzu nicht bereit, leitete Rudolf militärische Aktionen gegen sie ein. Von den Chronisten werden Rudolfs Maßnahmen weitgehend positiv beurteilt. Erfolge konnte er aber vorerst nur in den südwestlichen Gebieten des Reichs erlangen, wo es ihm gelang, selbst bedeutendere Fürsten wie den Markgrafen von Baden zur Aufgabe von Zöllen zu bewegen.
Gemeinsam mit der Wahrung des Landfriedens verfolgte Rudolf die Wiederherstellung entfremdeten Reichsguts (Revindikationspolitik). Wahrscheinlich erließ er auf dem Speyrer Reichstag im Dezember 1273 einen Rechtsspruch, der die Rückgabe ungesetzlich angeeigneten Reichsguts anordnete. Gesichert ist, dass bis zum Nürnberger Hoftag im November 1274 die Definition des zurückzugebenden Reichsguts erfolgte. Hiernach waren von der Revindikation diejenigen Güter betroffen, die Friedrich II. vor seiner Absetzung innegehabt hatte und solche, die seitdem an das Reich heimgefallen waren. Die Feststellung der unrechtmäßigen Inbesitznahme von Reichsgut wurde den Reichsvögten übertragen. Zur Verwaltung des Reichsguts führte Rudolf das Amt des Landvogts ein. Dieser war auf bestimmten Reichsgütern angesiedelt und hatte für die Einziehung von Steuern, die Einstellung von Verwaltungspersonal und die Sicherung des Friedens zu sorgen. Landvögte wurden vor allem im Südwesten des Reiches eingesetzt, während im Norden die Herzöge von Sachsen und Braunschweig 1277 mit der Verwaltung des Reichsguts beauftragt wurden. [10]
Kampf gegen den König von Böhmen (1273–1278) [Bearbeiten]
Die größte Schwierigkeit für Rudolf während seiner ersten Regierungsjahre lag in dem Konflikt mit Ottokar II. Přemysl. Dieser verweigerte Rudolfs Anerkennung, da er seine Besitzungen im österreichischen Raum in der Zeit des Interregnums unter anzweifelbaren Umständen erworben hatte. Die österreichischen Besitzungen hätten also im Fall einer Anerkennung Rudolfs im Zuge der Revindikationspolitik eingezogen werden können. Es wird vermutet, dass Ottokar bereits nach dem Hoftag in Speyer 1273 zur Rückgabe seiner österreichischen Ländereien an das Reich aufgefordert wurde.[11] Da Ottokar weiterhin die Belehnung mit seinen Besitzungen durch Rudolf ablehnte, wurde ihm auf dem Nürnberger Hoftag im November 1274 das Recht auf seine Lehen aberkannt, was auch Böhmen und Mähren einschloss. Um ihm Gelegenheit zur Rechtfertigung zu geben, wurde Ottokar auf den Reichstag in Würzburg zu Beginn des folgenden Jahres vorgeladen. Er erschien jedoch nicht und sandte erst im Mai 1275 Bischof Wernhard von Seckau auf den Reichstag in Augsburg. Wernhards provokantes Auftreten bewirkte, dass Ottokars Ländereien für an das Reich heimgefallen erklärt wurden und über Ottokar im selben Jahr in die Reichsacht verhängt wurde.[12]
Rudolf versuchte zu dieser Zeit, Ottokars Position durch Verbindungen zu benachbarten Fürsten zu schwächen. Durch die Heirat seines Sohnes Albrecht mit Elisabeth von Görz-Tirol kurz nach dem Nürnberger Hoftag konnte er sich die Grafen Meinhard und Albrecht von Görz-Tirol zu Bündnispartnern machen. 1274 begannen Verhandlungen mit dem Königreich Ungarn, die 1275 zur Ehe zwischen Rudolfs Tochter Clementia und König Ladilslaus’ IV. Bruder Andreas führten. Sie führten auch 1276 zum Abschluss eines Bündnisses gegen Ottokar im Juni 1276 mit der Hofpartei um Joachim Guthkeled. Ebenso belehnte Rudolf im Februar 1275 Philipp von Spanheim mit dem Herzogtum Kärnten, welches Ottokar nach dem Tod von Philipps Bruder in Besitz genommen hatte.
Weitere Unterstützung fand er beim Patriarchen von Aquileja und den Bischöfen von Regensburg und Passau sowie Erzbischof Friedrich von Salzburg. Friedrich machte sich den Umstand zunutze, dass viele Adlige in Ottokars Ländern mit dessen autoritärer Regierung unzufrieden waren und versuchte diese dazu zu bringen, Rudolf zu unterstützen. Daraufhin griff Ottokar Ende 1274 das Erzstift Salzburg an.
Kurzzeitig ging auch Heinrich von Niederbayern 1275 auf Rudolfs Seite über, da Rudolf ihm das Mitkurrecht zusicherte. Nach der Zusicherung von Hilfe durch den Kölner Erzbischof und vermutlich auch die anderen rheinischen Kurfürsten zu Beginn des Jahres 1276, unterwarf er im Mai 1276 den aufrührerischen Markgrafen von Baden, der angeblich Geldzahlungen aus Böhmen erhalten hatte. Ende Mai schlichtete er den Streit zwischen den Brüdern Ludwig dem Strengen und Heinrich von Niederbayern. Im Sommer 1276 verhängte Erzbischof Werner von Mainz den Kirchenbann über Ottokar.[13]
Feldzüge gegen Ottokar II. Přemysl [Bearbeiten]
→ Hauptartikel: Feldzüge Rudolfs I. gegen Ottokar II. Přemysl
Anfang Oktober 1276 zogen die Tiroler Grafen nach Kärnten und Krain. In kurzer Zeit fielen der Kärntner und Krainer Adel von Ottokar ab. Bald darauf trat der Adel der Steiermark in Verhandlungen mit Rudolf. Durch eine Übereinkunft mit Heinrich von Niederbayern konnte Rudolf die Donau als Transportweg nutzen. So gelang ihm der schnelle Vormarsch nach Wien, das von einem engen Vertrauten Ottokars, Paltram vor dem Freithofe, gehalten wurde. Ottokar befand sich zu dier Zeit im Gebiet um das Marchfeld. Seine Autorität war bereits derart geschwächt, dass er den Abfall der österreichischen Ministerialen nicht verhindern konnte. Ungarische Angriffe schwächten Ottokars Stellung weiter. Noch im Oktober wurde ein Waffenstillstand geschlossen. Ein Schiedsgericht entschied am 21. November, dass Ottokar auf seine Rechte auf Österreich, Steiermark, Kärnten, Krain, die Windische Mark, Eger und Pordenone verzichten musste. Ottokar musste Rudolfs Königtum anerkennen und Böhmen und Mähren als Lehen empfangen. Ein Sohn Rudolfs sollte eine Tochter Ottokars heiraten und eine Tochter Rudolfs Ottokars Sohn Wenzel.[14]
Am 25. November empfing Ottokar seine Lehen von Rudolf. Ottokar soll hierzu in prunkvollen Gewändern erschienen sein, während Rudolf in einem grauen Wams auf einem schlichten Holzschemel sitzend die Belehnung vorgenommen haben soll. Dies hätte eine umso größere Demütigung für Ottokar bedeutet.[15] Aus dem Frieden von Wien ergab sich für Rudolf das Problem, dass er die wegen der Mitgift für seine Tochter verpfändeten Besitzungen nördlich der Donau zwangsläufig an die Přemysliden verlieren musste. König Ottokar war in seiner Ehre verletzt worden und hatte außerdem mit dem Aufstand seiner böhmischen Vasallen Boreš von Riesenburg und Zawiš von Falkenstein zu kämpfen.
In der folgenden Zeit kam es daher wiederholt zu Auseinandersetzungen wegen der Nichteinhaltung von Abmachungen. In zwei weiteren Friedensverträgen vom 6. Mai und 12. September 1277, ausgehandelt von Friedrich von Nürnberg, wurden Rudolf auch Besitzungen nördlich der Donau zuerkannt. Im April und Mai des folgenden Jahres kam es in Österreich zu Aufständen von Anhängern Ottokars, die ab Juni von böhmischen Truppen unterstützt wurden.
Während Rudolf noch mit der Aufstellung einer Armee beschäftigt war, fiel Ottokar mit überlegenen Truppen in Österreich ein. Er verlor jedoch entscheidende Zeit bei der Belagerung strategisch unbedeutender Orte. So konnte sich Rudolf mit seinen ungarischen Verbündeten vereinen und Ottokar zur Entscheidungsschlacht auf dem Marchfeld zwingen. Am 26. August trafen hier die etwa gleichstarken Heere aufeinander. Rudolf selbst geriet während der Schlacht in Lebensgefahr, als ihn ein feindlicher Ritter aus dem Sattel warf. Der König entkam nur durch die Hilfe eines nordschweizer Ritters. Die Schlacht wurde schließlich durch eine kleine Gruppe von Berittenen entschieden, die sich auf Anordnung Rudolfs bis zu ihrem Eingreifen verborgen hatten. Ottokar starb nach der Schlacht durch die Hand persönlicher Feinde.
Rudolf trennte sich kurz nach der Schlacht auf dem Marchfeld von den Ungarn. Er zog nach Mähren, wo ihm die wichtigen Städte und Bischof Bruno von Olmütz huldigten. Unter dem Vorsitz des Erzbischofs von Salzburg wurden die Friedensverhandlungen Ende Oktober zum Abschluss gebracht. Während die Přemysliden ihre Ansprüche auf die österreichischen Besitzungen aufgeben mussten, erhielten sie Böhmen und Mähren als Reichslehen. Die Vormundschaft Wenzels wurde auf fünf Jahre Otto dem Langen übergeben. Rudolf durfte Mähren fünf Jahre einbehalten, um seine Kriegskosten decken zu können. Zur Sicherung des Friedens wurden Rudolfs Tochter Guta mit Wenzel und Rudolfs Sohn Rudolf mit Wenzels Schwester Agnes vermählt. Rudolfs Tochter Hedwig heiratete Otto den Kleinen von Brandenburg, den Bruder Ottos des Langen.
Grundlagen der Macht der Habsburger in Österreich (1276–1283) [Bearbeiten]
Nachdem die Reichsgüter Ottokars an das Reich zurückgefallen waren, belehnte Rudolf mit Einverständnis der Kurfürsten 1282 seine Söhne Albrecht und Rudolf mit Österreich, Steiermark, Krain und der Windischen Mark und erhob sie in den Reichsfürstenstand. Schon 1276 hatte er geistliche Fürsten überzeugt, Güter im selben Einzugsbereich an seine Söhne zu vergeben. Mit der „Rheinfelder Hausordnung“ (1. Juni 1283) bestimmte Rudolf, dass diese Güter nur durch Albrecht und seine Erben beherrscht werden sollten; sein Bruder Rudolf sollte zum Ausgleich eine Entschädigung erhalten. Die Grundlage der späteren Herrschaft der Habsburger war damit geschaffen. Der Versuch, Albrecht die Thronnachfolge zu sichern, scheiterte daran, dass es Rudolf nie gelang, zum Kaiser gekrönt zu werden. Damit hätte Rudolf noch zu seinen Lebzeiten Albrecht die römisch-deutsche Königskrone sichern können. Doch gab es während Rudolfs Regierungszeit insgesamt acht Päpste, zwei fest vereinbarte Krönungstermine kamen nie zustande. Erst Heinrich VII. sollte es gelingen, sich zum Kaiser krönen zu lassen.
Überwindung des Interregnums: Die Revindikationspolitik Rudolfs [Bearbeiten]
Rudolf verkündet auf einem Hoftag den Landfrieden, aus der Chronik der Bischöfe von Würzburg des Lorenz Fries, Mitte 16. Jahrhunderts
Rudolf erneuerte nicht einfach den Reichslandfrieden von 1235 – dafür fehlten ihm zu Beginn seiner Herrschaft schlicht die Machtmittel. So war er darauf angewiesen regional begrenzte Friedensabsprachen zu initiieren. Er handelte im Westen und Süden des Reiches mit den Territorialherren einzelne örtlich und zeitlich begrenzte Landfrieden aus (z. B. 1276 in Österreich oder 1281 den bayerischen, fränkischen und rheinischen Landfrieden). Auch in entfernteren Reichsgebieten versuchte er sich durchzusetzen (1289/90 ließ er in Thüringen z. B. 66 Raubritterburgen zerstören). Im März 1287 erschien es Rudolf endlich möglich, einen allgemeinen Landfrieden zu verkünden.
Am 9. August 1281 ließ er auf dem Hoftag zu Nürnberg förmlich feststellen, dass alle nach der Absetzung Friedrichs II. durchgeführten Schenkungen oder Verfügungen über Reichsgüter nichtig seien, es sei denn, die Mehrheit der Kurfürsten billigten die Verfügungen. Er setzte Landvögte ein, die unberechtigt angeeignete Reichsgüter finden sollen und als Vertreter des Königs agieren. Diese Landvogteien waren ein wichtiges Instrument zur Revindikation des Reichsguts. Rudolf ließ das gesamte Reichsgut in solche Verwaltungseinheiten aufteilen und gab den Vögten weitreichende Befugnisse. Damit war auch eine effektive Verwaltung des Reichsguts gesichert – etwas, was in den europäischen Monarchien wie Frankreich oder England längst existierte.
In „königsnahen“ Territorien, also vor allem im Südwesten des Reiches, hat er einigen Erfolg zu verbuchen. In königsfernen Territorien (wie dem Norden) versuchte er mit Hilfe Verbündeter die Städte zu schützen und Reichsgüter wieder in Besitz zu bringen – hier konnte er jedoch keinen nennenswerten Erfolg erringen. Seine Ansprüche auf die burgundische Pfalzgrafschaft konnte er zwar 1289 erfolgreich durchsetzen, seine Nachfolger konnten Burgund jedoch nicht auf Dauer gegen Frankreich halten, welches seit der späten Stauferzeit eine aggressive Expansionspolitik im Westen des Reiches betrieb.
Tod und Ausblick [Bearbeiten]
Historisierende Darstellung Rudolfs aus dem 19. Jahrhundert in der Vorhalle des Doms zu Speyer
Rudolf verstarb am 15. Juli 1291 in Speyer. Vor allem auf Grund der Befürchtungen der Kurfürsten, Albrecht könnte – gestützt auf seine Hausmacht – zu mächtig werden, wurde nicht der einzig überlebende Sohn Albrecht sein Nachfolger, sondern Graf Adolf von Nassau. Bis zu dessen Wahl gab es jedoch erneut ein Interregnum von fast einem Jahr. Unmittelbar aus der Zeit nach dem Tod Rudolfs datieren mehrere später als bedeutend angesehene Landfriedensverträge und Handfesten, die in dieser Zeit der Unsicherheit auch gegen die von ihm eingesetzten Vögte gerichtet waren. Zu diesen Verträgen zählen die Handfeste Wilhelm von Montforts an die Bürger der Fürstabtei St. Gallen am 31. Juli und der Bundesbrief der alten Eidgenossenschaft im August.
Rudolfs Grab befindet sich im Speyerer Dom. Der Sargdeckel (siehe Abbildung am Beginn des Artikels) zeigt ein lebensnahes Abbild des Königs, das laut Info des Domkapitels des Speyerer Doms bereits vor seinem Tode geschaffen wurde. Das Gesicht zeigt die für die Habsburger charakteristische markante Nase und ist vom Alter und von den Sorgen des Herrschers gezeichnet. Im Mittelalter waren solche lebensgetreue Darstellungen unüblich; in der Regel zeigten Herrscherbilder den Typ des jugendlichen Königs in der Blüte seiner Jahre ohne persönliche Erkennungsmerkmale. Nur in der zweiten Hälfte des 13.Jahrhunderts wurden individuellere Darstellungen geschaffen. Sie gilt als eine herausragende künstlerische Leistung dieser Zeit. Der Sargdeckel wurde entfernt, als Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts die Gräber mit neuen Platten bedeckt wurden und wird heute in der Krypta des Domes ausgestellt.
Wappen [Bearbeiten]
Das Wappen Rudolfs als Römischer König, Graf von Habsburg und Landgraf im Elsass in der Chronik von Johannes Stumpf von 1548
Als römisch-deutscher König führte Rudolf in seinem Wappen den Reichsadler mit seinem persönlichen Wappen auf der Brust. Dieses setzte sich zusammen aus dem Wappen der Grafen von Habsburg, ein roter, blau gekrönter Löwe auf goldenem Grund und dem Wappen der Landgrafschaft Oberelsass, drei goldene Kronen, diagonal gespiegelt an einem goldenen diagonalen Band.
Ehen und Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]
Rudolf von Habsburg heiratete um 1253 im Elsass Gertrud von Hohenberg (* um 1225; † 1281), mit der er vierzehn Kinder hatte, unter anderem:
* Mathilde (1251–1304)
∞ 1273 in Heidelberg mit Ludwig II. von Oberbayern, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (1229–1294)
* Albrecht I. (1255–1308)
∞ 1276 in Wien mit Elisabeth von Tirol (1262–1313)
* Katharina (1256?–1282)
∞ 1279 in Wien mit Otto III., Herzog von Niederbayern (1261–1312)
* Agnes (1257–1322)
∞ 1273 in Wittenberg mit Albrecht II. von Sachsen-Wittenberg (1298)
* Hedwig (um 1259–1285/86)
∞ 1279 in Lehnin mit Otto IV. von Brandenburg (1264–1308/09)
* Clementia (Klementia) (um 1262–1293)
∞ 11. Januar 1281 mit Karl Martell, Titularkönig von Ungarn († 1295), Sohn Karls II. von Neapel aus dem Adelsgeschlecht der Anjou
* Hartmann (1263–1281)
verlobt mit Prinzessin Johanna, Tochter Königs Eduard I. von England
* Rudolf II. (1270–1290)
∞ 1289 in Prag mit Agnes von Böhmen, Tochter Königs Ottokar II. Přemysl
* Guta (Jutta) (1271–1297)
∞ 1285 in Prag mit Wenzel II., König von Böhmen (1271–1305)
* Karl (*/† 1276)
In zweiter Ehe heiratete Rudolf im Mai 1284 in Besancon Agnes (Isabella) von Burgund (* um 1270; † 1323)
Unehelicher Sohn Rudolfs war Albrecht, Graf von Löwenstein-Schenkenberg
Literarisches Nachwirken [Bearbeiten]
* Friedrich Schiller dichtete 1803 in der Phase des Zusammenbruchs des Heiligen Römischen Reiches infolge der Eroberungskriege Napoleons [16] die politisch motivierte Ballade Der Graf von Habsburg mit der Anfangszeile Zu Aachen in seiner Kaiserpracht ....[17] In dieser Ballade behauptete Schiller, dass Rudolf I. zum Kaiser gewählt und in Aachen gekrönt wurde. Tatsächlich war es eine Königswahl. Rudolf wurde nie durch den Papst zum Kaiser gekrönt, sondern blieb zeitlebens römisch-deutscher König. Unter anderem vertonten Franz Schubert (D 990)[18], Carl Loewe und Johann Friedrich Reichardt Schillers Ballade.[19]
Quellen [Bearbeiten]
* Oswald Redlich: Regesta Imperii VI, 1. Rudolf I. 1273-1291. Innsbruck 1898. Onlineversion der Regesta Imperii.
Literatur [Bearbeiten]
* Johann Franzl: Rudolf I. Der erste Habsburger auf dem deutschen Königsthron, Wien 1986
* Karl-Friedrich Krieger: Rudolf von Habsburg, Darmstadt 2003.
* Oswald Redlich: Rudolf von Habsburg. Das deutsche Reich nach dem Untergang des alten Kaisertums, Innsbruck 1903 (und Nachdrucke). Immer noch grundlegend.
* Brigitte Vacha (Hrsg.): Die Habsburger. Eine Europäische Familiengeschichte, Graz/Wien/Köln 1992, ISBN 3-222-12107-9.
* Johann Loserth: Rudolf I.. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 29. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, S. 478–493.
* Wilhelm Baum: RUDOLF I. von Habsburg. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 24, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-247-9, Sp. 1242–1250.
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]
Commons Commons: Rudolf I. – Album mit Bildern und/oder Videos und Audiodateien
* Literatur von und über Rudolf I. (HRR) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (Datensatz zu Rudolf I. (HRR) • PICA-Datensatz • Apper-Personensuche)
* Constantin von Wurzbach: Rudolph, deutscher Kaiser oder richtiger König. Nr. 275. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Bd 7 (1861). Verlag L. C. Zamarski, Wien 1856–1891, S. 127–135 (auf Wikisource).
* www.genealogie-mittelalter.de: Rudolf I., deutscher König und Graf von Habsburg
* „Regesta Imperii“ Rudolfs
* Urkunde Rudolphs von Habsburg für Kloster Engelberg, 25. Januar 1274 als Fotografie in den Beständen des Lichtbildarchivs älterer Originalurkunden an der Philipps-Universität Marburg mit Wiedergabe des Siegels.
Einzelnachweise [Bearbeiten]
1. ↑ Karl-Friedrich Krieger: Rudolf von Habsburg. S. 63–66 (Rudolfs Beziehungen zu den Staufern)
2. ↑ Der Frieden beinhaltete ebenso die Anerkennung weiterer Herrschaftsrechte Rudolfs sowie die Zahlung einer Kriegsentschädigung durch den Straßburger Bischof und wurde auch von König Richard von Cornwall anerkannt. Nach seiner Wahl zum König gab Rudolf die Städte Colmar, Kaisersberg und Mülhausen an das Reich zurück. Krieger, S. 70
3. ↑ Krieger, S. 76–77
4. ↑ Die neuere Forschung bestätigt für das Interregnum zwar eine zumindest in bestimmten Regionen erhöhte Gewalttätigkeit, sieht die Veränderungen im Vergleich zur Stauferzeit jedoch als nicht so gravierend an. Krieger, S. 44, 56
5. ↑ Krieger, S. 90
6. ↑ Zu den Gründen für die Entscheidung zugunsten Rudolfs siehe: Krieger, S. 100
7. ↑ Zum Vorspiel der Wahl siehe: Krieger, S. 90-98
8. ↑ Krieger, S. 108-109
9. ↑ Krieger, S. 115-118
10. ↑ Zum Beginn der Lanfriedens- und Revindikationspolitik siehe: Krieger, S. 118-127
11. ↑ Krieger, S. 127
12. ↑ Krieger, S. 127-129
13. ↑ Zu den machtpolitischen Auseinandersetzungen vor Rudolfs erstem Feldzug gegen Ottokar siehe: Krieger, S. 130-137
14. ↑ Zu Rudolfs erstem Feldzug siehe: Krieger, S. 138-142
15. ↑ Die Authentizität dieser Überlieferung ist umstritten. Krieger, S. 142
16. ↑ Berliner Zeitung vom 5. August 2006.
17. ↑ Text bei Literaturwelt.com
18. ↑ http://www.baerenreiter.com/html/schubert-lieder/schubert_vol4.htm
19. ↑ http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/get_text.html?TextId=14496
Vorgänger Amt Nachfolger
Alfons von Kastilien Römisch-deutscher König
1273–1291 Adolf von Nassau
Ottokar II. Přemysl Herzog von Kärnten und Krain
1276–1286 Meinhard II.
Herzog von Österreich und der Steiermark
1278–1282 Albrecht I. und Rudolf II.
Normdaten: PND: 11860371X – weitere Informationen
Rudolph I of Germany
Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg, May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291) was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the German feudal dynasties.
Rudolf was the son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, and Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich, Count of Kyburg, and was born in Limburg im Breisgau. At his father's death in 1239, Rudolf inherited the family estates in Alsace and Aargau. In 1245 he married Gertrude, daughter of Burkhard III, Count of Hohenberg. As a result, Rudolf became an important vassal in Swabia, the ancient Alemannic stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254 he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in Northern Italy, especially in Lombardy, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
The disorder in Germany after the fall of the Hohenstaufen afforded an opportunity for Rudolph to increase his possessions. His wife was an heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle, Hartmann VI, Count of Kyburg, in 1264, he seized Hartmann's valuable estates. Successful feuds with the bishops of Strassburg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others. He also possessed large estates inherited from his father in the regions now known as Switzerland and Alsace.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolph the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal duchy Swabia had disintegrated, leaving room for its vassals to become quite independent) when, in the autumn of 1273, the princes met to elect a king after the death of Richard of Cornwall. His election in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, Frederick III of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg. The support of Albert II, Duke of Saxony (Wittenberg) and of Louis II, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Upper Bavaria, had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolph's daughters. As a result, Otakar II (1230-78), King of Bohemia, a candidate for the throne and grandson of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Frederick. Another candidate was Frederick of Meissen (1257-1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Frederick II who did not yet have a principality of his own as his father yet lived.
Rudolph was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. Friedrich Schiller in Der Graf von Habsburg ("The Count of Habsburg") presents a fictionalized rendering of the feast King Rudolf held following his coronation. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolph renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, in spite of Otakar's protests, not only recognized Rudolph himself, but persuaded Alfonso X, King of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German king in 1257 as the successor to William of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolph surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty that he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274 it was decided by the Diet of the Realm in Nuremberg that all crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that Otakar must answer to the Diet for not recognizing the new king. Otakar refused to appear or to restore the provinces of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Hermann VI, Margrave of Baden. Rudolf refuted Otakar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the crown due to the lack of male-line heirs (a position that conflicted with the provisions of Privilegium Minus). King Otakar was placed under the state ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him. Having persuaded Otakar's ally Henry I, Duke of Lower Bavaria, to switch sides, Rudolph compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then invested Otakar with Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Otakar's son Wenceslaus, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Otakar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, made an alliance with some Polish chiefs, and procured the support of several German princes, including his former ally, Henry of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolph formed an alliance with Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary, and gave additional privileges to the citizens of Vienna. On 26 August 1278 the rival armies met on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Otakar was defeated and killed. Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolph's representatives, leaving Kunigunda, the Queen Regent of Bohemia, in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus was again betrothed to one of Rudolf's daughters.
Rudolph's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, in Augsburg, Rudolph invested his sons, Albert and Rudolph, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, which had been without a ruler since Conradin's execution. The 27-year-old Duke Albert (married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Tirol (1238-95)) was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286 King Rudolf fully invested the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the provinces conquered from Otakar, to Albert's father-in-law Meinhard. The princes of the realm did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too.
Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Philip, Count Palatine of Burgundy, to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing, and in 1289 marched against Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281 his first wife died. On 5 February 1284 he married Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, his western neighbor.
Rudolph was not very successful in restoring internal peace to Germany. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole of Germany. But the king lacked the power, resources, or determination, to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia where he destroyed a number of robber-castles.
In 1291 he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. However, the princes refused claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, leery of the increasing power of the Habsburgs.
In 1286, Rudolf I instituted a new persecution of the Jews, declaring them servi camerae ("serfs of the treasury"), which had the effect of negating their political freedoms. Along with many others, Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, perhaps the greatest rabbi of the time, left Germany with family and followers, but was captured in Lombardy and imprisoned in a fortress in Alsace. Tradition has it that a large ransom of 23,000 marks silver was raised for him (by the ROSH), but Rabbi Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. He died in prison after seven years. Fourteen years after his death a ransom was paid for his body by Alexander ben Shlomo (Susskind) Wimpfen, who was subsequently laid to rest beside the Maharam.
Rudolph died in Speyer on July 15, 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I.
Rudolph's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg, which henceforth held sway over the southeastern and southwestern parts of the realm. In the rest of Germany, he left the princes largely to their own devices.
In the Divine Comedy, Dante finds Rudolph sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with his contemporaries, who berate him as "he who neglected that which he ought to have done".
He was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Beatrice of Champagne. All children were from the first marriage.
Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus; 1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291) was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the German feudal dynasties; he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria, territories that would remain under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years and would form the core of the present-day country of Austria.
https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_(Burg)
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 13
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Gertrud_of_Hohenberg
|
en
|
Gertrude of Hohenberg
|
[
"https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg/640px-Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg&w=640&q=50",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg/220px-Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Gertrude Anne of Hohenberg was German queen from 1273 until her death, by her marriage with King Rudolf I of Germany. As queen consort, she became progenitor of the Austrian House of Habsburg.
|
en
|
Wikiwand
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Gertrude_of_Hohenberg
|
Queen consort of Germany / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Gertrud of Hohenberg?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
SHOW ALL QUESTIONS
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 0
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-I-king-of-Germany
|
en
|
Rudolf I | Holy Roman Emperor & German King
|
[
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/20/25820-004-2A0836C2/Rudolf-I-tomb-sculpture-Speyer-cathedral-Ger.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/95/115195-131-5A6187D9/Napoleon-His-Imperial-Robes-Francois-Gerard-Versailles-1805.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/24/243624-131-B9802941/King-Charles-III-Queen-Camilla-wave-balcony-Buckingham-Palace-Coronation-May-6-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/47/222347-131-1F6BBBCE/wedding-Victoria-I-Queen-of-England-Prince-Albert.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/53/218653-131-FFE69F0A/King-George-V-Britain-circa-1910.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/16/175316-131-39FF106B/Big-Sur-Waves-Beach-Pacific-Ocean-Point.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/45/189145-131-45FF672E/Secret-Service-Agent-Earpiece.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/58/156058-131-22083D0A/Adolf-Hitler.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/92/125692-131-43C78F64/Charles-Pete-Conrad-Apollo-12-surface-flag-Nov-19-1969.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/35/146135-131-BC5E7D00/Baseball-grass-arts-Homepage-blog-entertainment-sports-2010.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/71/196471-131-8FEA8DDD/Daily-Police-Bulletin-Elizabeth-Short-Black-Dahlia-January-1947.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/89/216789-131-9AE01BAA/Candles-burning-church-table.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/20/25820-004-2A0836C2/Rudolf-I-tomb-sculpture-Speyer-cathedral-Ger.jpg?w=400&h=300&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/95/115195-131-5A6187D9/Napoleon-His-Imperial-Robes-Francois-Gerard-Versailles-1805.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Rudolf I",
"encyclopedia",
"encyclopeadia",
"britannica",
"article"
] | null |
[
"The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica"
] |
1998-07-20T00:00:00+00:00
|
Rudolf I was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV,
|
en
|
/favicon.png
|
Encyclopedia Britannica
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-I-king-of-Germany
|
Rudolf I (born May 1, 1218, Limburg-im-Breisgau [Germany]—died July 15, 1291, Speyer) was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty.
A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV, he increased his territories largely at the expense of his uncle, Count Hartmann of Kyburg, and his cousin, Count Hartmann the Younger, who supported the papal cause against the Hohenstaufens. Rudolf’s first marriage (c. 1245), to Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloch, also added considerable property to his domains. In 1254 he assisted the Knights of the Teutonic Order by participating in a crusade in Prussia.
Britannica Quiz
Kings and Emperors (Part III) Quiz
Rudolf ’s election as German king at Frankfurt was hastened by the desire of the electors to exclude an increasingly powerful rival candidate of non-German birth, Otakar II of Bohemia. Crowned at Aachen on Oct. 24, 1273, Rudolf was recognized by Pope Gregory X in September 1274 on the condition that he would renounce all imperial rights in Rome, in the papal territories, and in Italy and to lead a new crusade. In 1275 the pope managed to persuade Alfonso X of Castile (whom some of the German electors had chosen king in April 1257) to abandon his claim to the German crown.
Meanwhile Otakar II of Bohemia had been gaining control of Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola. When in 1274 Otakar refused to appear before an imperial diet to show cause for his actions, Rudolf placed him under the ban of the empire and led an army into Austria, where he defeated Otakar in 1276. In 1278 Otakar, attempting to reconquer the territories he had lost to Rudolf, invaded Austria; he was again defeated and killed at the Battle of Dürnkrut (August 26).
In 1282 Rudolf received permission from the German princes to grant to his sons the territories recovered from Otakar, and in December of that year he granted Austria and Styria to his sons Albert and Rudolf, thus constituting the territorial nucleus of the future Habsburg power.
Rudolf combated the expansionist policy of France on his western frontier by marrying (his first wife having died in 1281) Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, and by compelling Otto IV, Count Palatine of Franche-Comté, to pay homage (1289). French influence at the papal court, however, prevented Rudolf from being crowned Holy Roman emperor by the pope.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 31
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Gertrude_of_Hohenburg
|
en
|
Gertrude of Hohenberg
|
[
"https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg/640px-Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg&w=640&q=50",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg/220px-Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Gertrude Anne of Hohenberg was German queen from 1273 until her death, by her marriage with King Rudolf I of Germany. As queen consort, she became progenitor of the Austrian House of Habsburg.
|
en
|
Wikiwand
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Gertrude_of_Hohenberg
|
Queen consort of Germany / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Gertrude of Hohenburg?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
SHOW ALL QUESTIONS
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 28
|
https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Rudolph_I_of_Germany_%25281%2529
|
en
|
Error
|
[
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/new-wr-logo-sm.png",
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Special:Badtitle"
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles.
Return to Main Page.
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 66
|
https://playback.fm/person/judith-of-habsburg
|
en
|
Judith of Habsburg
|
https://playback.fm/share-image?text=Judith of Habsburg
|
https://playback.fm/share-image?text=Judith of Habsburg
|
[
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guta_zbrasl.jpg?width=300",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bacciarelli%20-%20Vaclav.jpeg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolph%20I%20of%20Austria.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gertrud%20Anna%20Habsburg%20Basel%20Muenster%202008%20018.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clementia%20of%20Habsburg.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hedwig%20Habsburg.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Matilda%20of%20Austria%20Duchess%20of%20Bavaria.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlbrechtI.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20II.%20-%20K%C3%B6nig%20Rudolf%20I.%20mit%20Agnes%20von%20B%C3%B6hmen.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wenzel3.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Busta%20Eli%C5%A1ka%20P%C5%99emyslovna.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Old-Town%20of%20Rheinfelden%20with%20the%20Rhein.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Praha%2C%20Katedr%C3%A1la%2C%20JV%2001.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aerial%20view%20of%20Berlin%20%2832881394137%29.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Legal%20status%20of%20German%20in%20the%20world.svg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Venus%20symbol.svg?width=64"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Find out where Judith of Habsburg was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts.
|
en
|
Playback.fm
|
https://playback.fm/person/judith-of-habsburg
|
Fame Ranking
What does "Most Famous" mean? Unlike other sites which use current mentions, follower counts, etc. that tend to call the most famous people YouTube stars or Reality TV stars, we've decided to mark fame as a persons importance in history. We've conducted research scouring millions of historical references to determine the importance of people in History. That being said, we might have missed a few people here and there. The ranking system is a continuing work in progress - if you happen to feel like someone is misranked or missing, please shoot us a message!
Fame Ranking
What does "Most Famous" mean? Unlike other sites which use current mentions, follower counts, etc. that tend to call the most famous people YouTube stars or Reality TV stars, we've decided to mark fame as a persons importance in history. We've conducted research scouring millions of historical references to determine the importance of people in History. That being said, we might have missed a few people here and there. The ranking system is a continuing work in progress - if you happen to feel like someone is misranked or missing, please shoot us a message!
|
|||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 89
|
https://pamelamorse.com/tag/albert-i-king-of-germany-habsburg/
|
en
|
Albert I king of Germany Habsburg
|
[
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/4b990be2-b3d9-44d2-832b-26fd232b0f35.jpg?w=441",
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-spaladylogo2.jpg?w=50",
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-spaladylogo2.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Posts about Albert I king of Germany Habsburg written by Pamela Morse
|
en
|
mermaidcamp
|
https://pamelamorse.com/tag/albert-i-king-of-germany-habsburg/
|
February 28, 2014 — 4 Comments
My 19th great grandfather was born in current day Switzerland and married well:
Albert I of HabsburgKing of Germany
(formally King of the Romans)Reign27 July 1298 – 1 May 1308CoronationUncrownedGermanAlbrecht I, römisch-deutscher König, Herzog von Österreich und der Steiermark, Markgraf von MeißenTitlesDuke of Austria
Duke of Styria
Margrave of MeißenBornJuly , 1255
Rheinfelden, Free Imperial CityDiedMay 1, 1308 (aged 52)
Königsfelden, Breisgau, Further AustriaPredecessorAdolf of NassauSuccessorHenry VII, Count of LuxembourgConsortElisabeth of Gorizia-TyrolOffspringRudolph I, King of Bohemia
Frederick the Fair, King of the Romans
Leopold I, Duke of Austria
Albert II, Duke of Austria
Anna, Duchess of Brieg
Agnes, Queen of Hungary
Elisabeth, Duchess of Lorraine
Catherine, Duchess of Calabria and three others Royal HouseHouse of HabsburgFatherRudolph I, King of the RomansMotherGertrude of Hohenburg
Albert I of Habsburg (German: Albrecht I) (July 1255 – May 1, 1308) was King of the Romans, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg.
He was the founder of the great house of Habsburg invested with the duchies of Austria and Styria, together with his brother Rudolph II, in 1282. In 1283 his father entrusted him with their sole government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success. Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, and on his death in 1291, the princes, fearing Albert’s power, chose Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg as king. A rising among his Swabian dependents compelled Albert to recognize the sovereignty of his rival, and to confine himself for a time to the government of the Habsburg territories.
He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised. In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolf. The armies of the rival kings met at the Battle of Göllheim near Worms, where Adolf was defeated and slain. Submitting to a new election but securing the support of several influential princes by making extensive promises, he was chosen at Frankfurt on July 27, 1298, and crowned at Aachen on August 24.
Albert married Elisabeth, daughter of Meinhard II, count of Gorizia and Tyrol, who was a descendant of the Babenberg margraves of Austria who predated the Habsburgs’ rule. The baptismal name Leopold, patron saint margrave of Austria, was given to one of their sons. Elisabeth was in fact better connected to mighty German rulers than her husband: a descendant of earlier kings, for example Emperor Henry IV, she was also a niece of dukes of Bavaria, Austria’s important neighbors.
Although a hard, stern man, Albert had a keen sense of justice when his own interests were not involved, and few of the German kings possessed so practical an intelligence. He encouraged the cities, and not content with issuing proclamations against private war, formed alliances with the princes in order to enforce his decrees. The serfs, whose wrongs seldom attracted notice in an age indifferent to the claims of common humanity, found a friend in this severe monarch, and he protected even the despised and persecuted Jews. Stories of his cruelty and oppression in the Swiss cantons did not appear until the 16th century, and are now regarded as legendary.
Albert sought to play an important part in European affairs. He seemed at first inclined to press a quarrel with France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of Pope Boniface VIII to recognize his election led him to change his policy, and, in 1299, he made a treaty with Philip IV of France, by which his son Rudolph was to marry Blanche, a daughter of the French king. He afterwards became estranged from Philip, but in 1303, Boniface recognized him as German king and future emperor; in return, Albert recognized the authority of the pope alone to bestow the imperial crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without papal consent.
Albert had failed in his attempt to seize Holland and Zeeland, as vacant fiefs of the Empire, on the death of Count John I in 1299, but in 1306 he secured the crown of Bohemia for his son Rudolph on the death of King Wenceslaus III. He also renewed the claim made by his predecessor, Adolf, on Thuringia, and interfered in a quarrel over the succession to the Hungarian throne. His attack on Thuringia ended in his defeat at Lucka in 1307 and, in the same year, the death of his son Rudolph weakened his position in eastern Europe. His action in abolishing all tolls established on the Rhine since 1250, led the Rhenish archbishops and the count palatine of the Rhine to form a league against him. Aided by the towns, however, he soon crushed the rising.
He was on the way to suppress a revolt in Swabia when he was murdered on May 1, 1308, at Windisch on the Reuss River, by his nephew John of Swabia, afterwards called “the Parricide” or “John Parricida”, whom he had deprived of his inheritance.
Titles
Albert, by the grace of God king of the Romans, duke of Austria and Styria, lord of Carniola, over the Wendish Mark and of Port Naon, count of Habsburg and Kyburg, landgrave of Alsace
Family
Albert and his wife Elizabeth had twelve children:
Rudolph III (ca. 1282 – 4 July 1307, Horažďovice), Married but line extinct and predeceased his father.
Frederick I (1289 – 13 January 1330, Gutenstein). Married but line extinct.
Leopold I (4 August 1290 – 28 February 1326, Strassburg). Married, had issue.
Albert II (12 December 1298, Vienna – 20 July 1358, Vienna).
Heinrich (1299 – 3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Married but line extinct.
Meinhard, 1300 died young.
Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna – 26 February 1339, Vienna). Married but line extinct.
Anna 1280?, Vienna – 19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
in Graz ca. 1295 to Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel;
in Breslau 1310 to Duke Henry VI the Good.
Agnes (18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
Catherine (1295 – 18 January 1323, Naples), married Charles, Duke of Calabria in 1316.
Jutta (d. 1329), married Ludwig V, Count of Öttingen in Baden, 26 March 1319.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Albert I of Germany 16. Albert III, Count of Habsburg 8. Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg 17. Ida von Pfullendorf 4. Albert IV, Count of Habsburg 18. Gottfried von Staufen 9. Agnes of Staufen 2. Rudolph I of Germany 20. Hartmann III, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen 10. Ulrich, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen 21. Richenza von Lenzburg 5. Heilwig of Kiburg 22. Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen 11. Anna von Zähringen 23. Heilwig of Frohburg 1. Albert I of Germany 24. Burckhard III, Count of Hohenburg 12. Burckhard IV, Count of Hohenburg 6. Burckhard V, Count of Hohenburg 3. Gertrude of Hohenburg 28. Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen 14. Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen 29. Mechtild of Gleiberg, Countess of Giessen 7. Mechtild of Tübingen 30. Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg 15. unnamed 31. Udilhild of Gammertingen [edit] References and external linksWikimedia Commons has media related to: Albert I of Habsburg
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Albert I of Germany
House of Habsburg
Born: 1255 Died: 1308German royaltyRegnal titlesPreceded by
AdolfKing of Germany(formally King of the Romans)
1298–1308Succeeded by
Henry VIIMargrave of Meißen
1298–1307
With: Dietrich II (1291–1307)Friedrich I (1291–1323)Succeeded by
Friedrich IIPreceded by
King Rudolph IDuke of Austria and Styria
1282–1308
With: Rudolph II (1282–83)Rudolph III (1298–1307)Succeeded by
Frederick III the Fairand Leopold I
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 5
|
https://gw.geneanet.org/comrade28%3Flang%3Den%26n%3Dhohenberg%26p%3Dgertrude%2Bof
|
en
|
Navigation inhabituelle
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Leader de la généalogie en France et en Europe : publiez votre arbre généalogique et recherchez vos ancêtres dans la première base de données généalogique.
|
fr
|
https://geneacdn.net/favicon.ico
|
Geneanet
|
https://gw.geneanet.org/bots/firewall?cause=suspicious_ip
|
Il semblerait que vous ayez désactivé Javascript
Vous avez désactivé Javascript : son utilisation est indispensable au fonctionnement de nombreux sites, dont Geneanet. Si vous voulez pouvoir utiliser normalement le site, merci de vouloir réactiver Javascript dans les options de votre navigateur.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 70
|
https://knowledgezone.co.in/topics/explorer%3Ftopic%3DRudolf%2520II,%2520Count%2520Palatine%2520of%2520the%2520Rhine
|
en
|
Your Gateway to Knowledge
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Knowledge",
"Career",
"Job",
"Scholarsip",
"Admission",
"Course",
"Bookmarks",
"Quiz",
"Examination"
] | null |
[] | null |
Knowledge Zone - Social Knowledge Sharing Platform
|
en
|
/assets/images/icons/kzone_icon.png
|
Knowledge Zone
|
https://knowledgezon.co.in/
| |||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 69
|
https://www.academia.edu/30495373/Silver_Pfennigs_and_Small_Silver_Coins_of_Austria
|
en
|
Silver Pfennigs and Small Silver Coins of Austria
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
[
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/50934510/mini_magick20180819-22786-i00cyy.png?1534733748",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/345381/2790918/15919867/s65_david.ruckser.jpg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"David Ruckser",
"Lincon Rodrigues",
"independent.academia.edu",
"tupan.academia.edu"
] |
2016-12-17T00:00:00
|
A beginner's guide to Medieval Austrian coins
|
https://www.academia.edu/30495373/Silver_Pfennigs_and_Small_Silver_Coins_of_Austria
|
Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy.
Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 25
|
https://www.ourfamtree.org/browse.php/Rudolf-I-King-of-Germany/f6537
|
en
|
Rudolf I King of Germany + Gertrude Countess of Hohenberg
|
[
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/logo.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/user/1/1/Capture.JPG",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/new.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/new.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/new.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/user/1/1/Capture.JPG",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/user/1/1/Capture.JPG",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/user/1/1/Capture.JPG",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/user/1/1/Capture.JPG",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/arrowdn2light.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/clearpix.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/thumb/r/u/sm_rudolphgermany.jpg",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/clearpix.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/icons/peerage-Austria.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/thumb/g/e/sm_gertrud_of_hohenburg.jpg",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/bio/refW.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/images/bio/refW.gif",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/postcards/coll38/537.jpg",
"https://www.ourfamtree.org/postcards/coll38/537.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Rudolf I King of Germany, b.1 MAY 1218, Baden, Germany, son of Albrecht IV Count of Habsburg + Hedwige Countess of Kyburg; + Gertrude Countess of Hohenberg, b.abt 1225, Swabia, Baden, Germany
|
en
|
https://www.ourfamtree.org/browse.php/Rudolf-I-King-of-Germany/f6537
|
To suggest changes to these records, login & edit by choosing options to edit, & your suggested changes will be saved for the record moderator to review.
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 27
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
en
|
1291) » Ancestral Trails 2016 » Genealogy Online
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
[
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/waarschuwing2.png",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-pp.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-p.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-c.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/logo/aanknopingspunten.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"pedigree research",
"genealogy",
"pedigree",
"ancestors",
"ancesteral tree making",
"prayer cards",
"gedcom"
] | null |
[
"Patti Lee Salter"
] | null |
Rudolf von HABSBURG was born on May 1, 1218 in Schloss Limburgh, Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl, Breisgau, Germany, son of Albrecht von HABSBURG and Heilwig von KYBURG. He was married on February 6, 1284 to Isabella de BURGUNDY. He was married in the year 1251 in Alsace, Bas-Rhein, France to Gertrude Anna von HOHENBERG, they had 9 children. He died on July 15, 1291 in Speyer, Speyer, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. This information is part of Ancestral Trails 2016 by Patti Lee Salter on Genealogy Online.
|
en
|
Genealogy Online
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
Personal data Rudolf von HABSBURG I
Source 1
He was born on May 1, 1218 in Schloss Limburgh, Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl, Breisgau, Germany.
Title: King of Germany/Count of Habsburg
(Ancestry) : House of Habsburg.
He died on July 15, 1291 in Speyer, Speyer, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany , he was 73 years old.
He is buried July 1291 in Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Rheinland-Palatinate, Germany.
A child of Albrecht von HABSBURG and Heilwig von KYBURG
Household of Rudolf von HABSBURG I
(1) He is married to Isabella de BURGUNDY.
They got married on February 6, 1284, he was 65 years old.
(2) He is married to Gertrude Anna von HOHENBERG.
They got married in the year 1251 at Alsace, Bas-Rhein, France, he was 32 years old.
Child(ren):
Notes about Rudolf von HABSBURG I
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291), was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria against his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories would remain under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, they would form the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria
The first German king of the Habsburg dynasty, he played a vital role in raising the comital house to the rank of Imperial princes. He was also the first in a number of late medieval count-kings, so-called by the historian Bernd Schneidmüller, from the rivalling noble houses of Habsburg, Luxembourg, and Wittelsbach, all striving after the Roman-German royal dignity, which ultimately was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1438.
Rudolf was born on 1 May 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. At his father's death in 1239, he inherited large estates from him around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. As a result, he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in the Imperial Kingdom of Italy, especially in the Lombardy region, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden - 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 - 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Catherine (1256 - 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257 - 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxony and became the mother of Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262 - after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden - 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 - 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Judith of Habsburg (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271 - 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anne of Bohemia (1290-1313), duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292-1330), countess of Luxembourg.
Charles (1276-1276)
Rudolf's last agnatic descendant was Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress (1717-1780), by Albert I of Germany's fourth son Albert II, Duke of Austria.
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern parts of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of the Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
SOURCE: Wikipedia
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Czech: Rudolf Habsburský), 1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291, was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and the elected King of the Romans from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria in opposition to his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria.
Rudolf was the first king of the Romans of the Habsburg dynasty, and he played a vital role in raising the comital house to the rank of Imperial princes. He was also the first of a number of late medieval count-kings, so called by the historian Bernd Schneidmüller, from the rival noble houses of Habsburg, Luxembourg, and Wittelsbach, all striving after the Roman-German royal dignity, which ultimately was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1438.
Rudolf was born on 1 May 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and of Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. Around 1232, he was given as a squire to his uncle, Rudolf I, Count of Laufenburg, to train in knightly pursuits.
Count of Habsburg
At his father's death in 1239, he inherited large estates from him around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. Thus, in 1240 in order to quell the rising power of Rudolf and in an attempt to place the important "Devil’s Bridge" (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schöllenenschlucht under his direct control, Emperor Frederick II, granted Schwyz Reichsfreiheit in the Freibrief von Faenza.
In 1242, Hugh of Tuffenstein provoked Count Rudolf through contumelious expressions.[clarification needed] In turn, the Count of Habsburg had invaded his domains, yet failed to take his seat of power. As the day passed on[clarification needed], Count Rudolf bribed the sentinels of the city and gained entry, killing Hugh in the process. Then in 1244, to help control Lake Lucerne and restrict the neighboring forest communities of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, Rudolf built near its shores Neuhabsburg Castle. In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. He received as her dowry the castles of Oettingen, the valley of Weile, and other places in Alsace, and he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy. That same year, Emperor Frederick II was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV at the Council of Lyon. Rudolf sided against the Emperor, while the forest communities sided with Frederick. This gave them a pretext to attack and damage Neuhabsburg. Rudolf successfully defended it and drove them off. As a result, Rudolf, by siding with the Pope, gained more power and influence.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he engaged with other nobles of the Staufen party against Bertold II, Bishop of Basle. When night fell, he penetrated the suburbs of Basle and burnt down the local nunnery. Pope Innocent IV excommunicated him and all parties involved. As penance, he took up the cross and joined Ottokar II, King of Bohemia in the Prussian Crusade of 1254. Whilst there, he oversaw the founding of the city of Königsberg, which was named in memory of King Ottokar.
King of the Germans
Rudolf was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolf renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, despite the protests of Ottokar II of Bohemia, not only recognised Rudolf himself, but persuaded King Alfonso X of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German (anti-)king in 1257 as the successor to Count William II of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolf surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty whom he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274, the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg decided that all Crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that King Ottokar II must answer to the Diet for not recognising the new king. Ottokar refused to appear or to restore the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia together with the March of Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Margrave Hermann VI of Baden. Rudolf refuted Ottokar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the Imperial crown due to the lack of male-line heirs. King Ottokar was placed under the imperial ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him.
Having persuaded Ottokar's former ally Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria to switch sides, Rudolf compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then re-invested Ottokar with the Kingdom of Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Ottokar's son Wenceslaus II, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Ottokar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, and procured the support of several German princes, again including Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolf formed an alliance with King Ladislaus IV of Hungary and gave additional privileges to the Viennese citizens. On 26 August 1278, the rival armies met at the Battle on the Marchfeld, where Ottokar was defeated and killed. The March of Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolf's representatives, leaving Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Slavonia in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus II was again betrothed to Rudolf's youngest daughter Judith.
Rudolf's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, at the Hoftag (imperial diet) in Augsburg, Rudolf invested his sons, Albert and Rudolf II, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, a merely titular dignity, as the duchy had been without an actual ruler since Conradin's execution.[citation needed] The 27-year-old Duke Albert, married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (1238-95), was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286, King Rudolf fully invested Albert's father-in-law Count Meinhard with the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the conquered provinces taken from Ottokar. The Princes of the Empire did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too. Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Count Philip I of Savoy to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing. In 1289 he marched against Count Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281, Rudolf's first wife died. On 5 February 1284, he married Isabella, daughter of Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy, the Empire's western neighbor in the Kingdom of France.
Rudolf was not very successful in restoring internal peace. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces[clarification needed] in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole Empire. But the king lacked the power, resources, and determination to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia, where he destroyed a number of robber castles. In 1291, he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. The electors refused, however, claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, wary of the increasing power of the House of Habsburg. Upon Rudolf's death they elected Count Adolf of Nassau.
Death
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291 and was buried in Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern part of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
Family and children
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1251, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (ca. 1253, Rheinfelden - 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 - 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Catherine (1256 - 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes [Gertrude] (ca. 1257 - 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxony and became the mother of Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
Hedwig (ca. 1259 - 26 January 1285/27 October 1286), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262 - after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden - 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 - 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Judith of Habsburg (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271 - 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anne of Bohemia (1290-1313), duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292-1330), countess of Luxembourg.
Samson (bef. 19 Oct 1275 - died young).
Charles (14 February 1276 - 16 August 1276).
Rudolf's last agnatic descendant was Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress (1717-1780), by Albert I of Germany's fourth son Albert II, Duke of Austria.
SOURCE: Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany
Do you have supplementary information, corrections or questions with regards to Rudolf von HABSBURG I?
The author of this publication would love to hear from you!
Timeline Rudolf von HABSBURG I
This functionality is only available in Javascript supporting browsers.
|
|||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 84
|
https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/UF00015495/00001
|
en
|
Index to Florida Jewish history in the American Israelite, 1854
|
[
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/instances/ufdc/uf-uf9.gif",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/instances/ufdc/uf-uflib9.gif",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/instances/ufdc/ufdc_16.gif",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/images/misc/printer.png",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/images/misc/email.png",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/images/misc/plussign.png",
"https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/design/wordmarks/UFjud.png",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/images/misc/button_next_arrow.png",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/images/misc/button_last_arrow.png",
"https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/00/01/54/95/00001/00001.jpg",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/images/misc/button_next_arrow.png",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/images/misc/button_last_arrow.png",
"https://cdn.sobekdigital.com/instances/ufdc/smallWordmark_333333.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null |
Click on image below to switch to zoomable version
|
|||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 12
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Rudolf-I-King-of-the-Germans-Count-of-Habsburg/6000000001500890965
|
en
|
Rudolf I, King of the Germans, Count of Habsburg
|
[
"https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p4/3068/3754/5344483643d16465/Rudolph_I_of_Germany_medium.jpg?hash=871c518448399588833d0ca9d534584c5b57f51f2873bd6e5a7848cdf3ad8542.1724309999&height=150&width=112",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/27/17/10/0b/534448528372f611/220px-calw_t2.jpg?hash=99185d096a06f60abc40dbc03bd5fffe633614a34df1bd290eeff895d6ce3f3d.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p14/57/1c/0e/00/53444866647d3a3e/anna_von_bohmen_t2.jpg?hash=43289884f24476e858764a8ec375998963ad05c40281d77c7e04194ab4e24101.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p14/b4/d7/e6/20/53444865e3889f80/anna_gertrud_of_hohenburg_t2.jpg?hash=6788c7951350b41905b65d76716ed1782acac81c5ffe4d68c010878794d17dca.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/57/7f/b9/0d/53444838f48c6929/mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_t2.jpg?hash=b6f6be0e1742d09773c89699166cbbfe5e7ce02480a496b06f1152016387e66c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/0c/8f/dc/bb/5344483d333e5324/pes_348_t2.jpg?hash=d1dfe08ad9754e9af570628679c80e90893616dde3a39cc0b62e4e543539348f.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/f1/7d/9d/04/5344485e6f1859fa/img_1599_2__t2.jpg?hash=cf38a176ba4f33a95ea6f2dc22af43d2e018d13d348131da8e0cf69bcc637613.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/6b/7e/5e/dd/5344485e6f129d35/img_1601_2__t2.jpg?hash=bd4d5e582b711884513100971a5009835a0520f503e6d6a9b5035b32264f9aa4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/73/90/e0/a6/5344483fcc1a01d9/habsburg_medium_t2.jpg?hash=11ba4c6c9cd53ecdcad8b9a1517b06f0ba6b437f504c98ae4576fb5b35141bc7.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/80/83/cf/4f/5344485cc62fe478/clemence_of_austria_t2.jpg?hash=feab9c21628d00ccc25a307355b70dc22a30c1158ebde6cc9f182db26b956169.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/da/fb/29/ec/5344485e6d224784/img_1612_2__t2.jpg?hash=20614822ff8343207ad5181e7c317ba2272f06c7169426b6d792994573b1f1a3.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b4/27/d6/a5/5344485e6d224786/img_1610_2__t2.jpg?hash=2b39079f597cd18c7024ceb8562f2b2c4e5a74f75d1363b3c1b884b4464008d8.1724309999",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"family tree",
"genealogy",
"trace your ancestry",
"family tree maker",
"family tree search",
"family tree charts",
"family statistics",
"ancestors",
"research"
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-11T05:30:05-08:00
|
Genealogy for Rudolf I von Habsburg, Römisch-Deutscher König (1218 - 1291) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
|
en
|
/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
geni_family_tree
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Rudolf-I-King-of-the-Germans-Count-of-Habsburg/6000000001500890965
|
Rudolph I of Germany
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus) May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291) was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the German feudal dynasties.
Early life
Rudolf was the son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, and Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich, Count of Kyburg, and was born in Limburg im Breisgau. At his father's death in 1239, Rudolf inherited the family estates in Alsace and Aargau. In 1245 he married Anne, daughter of Burkhard III, Count of Hohenberg. As a result, Rudolf became an important vassal in Swabia, the ancient Alemannic stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254 he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in Northern Italy, especially in Lombardy, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
[edit]Rise to power
The disorder in Germany after the fall of the Hohenstaufen afforded an opportunity for Rudolph to increase his possessions. His wife was an heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle, Hartmann VI, Count of Kyburg, in 1264, he seized Hartmann's valuable estates. Successful feuds with the bishops of Strassburg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others. He also possessed large estates inherited from his father in the regions now known as Switzerland and Alsace.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolph the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal duchy Swabia had disintegrated, leaving room for its vassals to become quite independent) when, in the autumn of 1273, the princes met to elect a king after the death of Richard of Cornwall. His election in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, Frederick III of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg. The support of Albert II, Duke of Saxony (Wittenberg) and of Louis II, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Upper Bavaria, had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolph's daughters. As a result, Otakar II (1230-78), King of Bohemia, a candidate for the throne and grandson of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Frederick. Another candidate was Frederick of Meissen (1257-1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Frederick II who did not yet have a principality of his own as his father yet lived.
[edit]King of Germany
Rudolph was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. Friedrich Schiller in Der Graf von Habsburg ("The Count of Habsburg") presents a fictionalized rendering of the feast King Rudolf held following his coronation. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolph renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, in spite of Otakar's protests, not only recognized Rudolph himself, but persuaded Alfonso X, King of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German king in 1257 as the successor to William of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolph surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty that he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274 it was decided by the Diet of the Realm in Nuremberg that all crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that Otakar must answer to the Diet for not recognizing the new king. Otakar refused to appear or to restore the provinces of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Hermann VI, Margrave of Baden. Rudolf refuted Otakar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the crown due to the lack of male-line heirs (a position that conflicted with the provisions of Privilegium Minus). King Otakar was placed under the state ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him. Having persuaded Otakar's ally Henry I, Duke of Lower Bavaria, to switch sides, Rudolph compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then invested Otakar with Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Otakar's son Wenceslaus, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Otakar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, made an alliance with some Polish chiefs, and procured the support of several German princes, including his former ally, Henry of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolph formed an alliance with Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary, and gave additional privileges to the citizens of Vienna. On 26 August 1278 the rival armies met on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Otakar was defeated and killed. Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolph's representatives, leaving Kunigunda, the Queen Regent of Bohemia, in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus was again betrothed to one of Rudolf's daughters.
Rudolph's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, in Augsburg, Rudolph invested his sons, Albert and Rudolph, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, which had been without a ruler since Conradin's execution. The 27-year-old Duke Albert (married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Tirol (1238-95)) was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286 King Rudolf fully invested the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the provinces conquered from Otakar, to Albert's father-in-law Meinhard. The princes of the realm did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too.
Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Philip, Count Palatine of Burgundy, to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing, and in 1289 marched against Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281 his first wife died. On 5 February 1284 he married Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, his western neighbor.
Rudolph was not very successful in restoring internal peace to Germany. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole of Germany. But the king lacked the power, resources, or determination, to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia where he destroyed a number of robber-castles.
In 1291 he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. However, the princes refused claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, leery of the increasing power of the Habsburgs.
[edit]Persecution of the Jews
In 1286, Rudolf I instituted a new persecution of the Jews, declaring them servi camerae ("serfs of the treasury"), which had the effect of negating their political freedoms. Along with many others, Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, perhaps the greatest rabbi of the time, left Germany with family and followers, but was captured in Lombardy and imprisoned in a fortress in Alsace. Tradition has it that a large ransom of 23,000 marks silver was raised for him (by the ROSH), but Rabbi Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. He died in prison after seven years. Fourteen years after his death a ransom was paid for his body by Alexander ben Shlomo (Susskind) Wimpfen, who was subsequently laid to rest beside the Maharam. [1]
[edit]Death
Rudolph died in Speyer on July 15, 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolph's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg, which henceforth held sway over the southeastern and southwestern parts of the realm. In the rest of Germany, he left the princes largely to their own devices.
In the Divine Comedy, Dante finds Rudolph sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with his contemporaries, who berate him as "he who neglected that which he ought to have done".
[edit]Family and children
He was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Beatrice of Champagne. All children were from the first marriage.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden–21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolph II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270–10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden–23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Katharina (1256–4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257–11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and became the mother of Rudolf I, Elector of Saxony.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262–after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Guta (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271–18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth I of Bohemia, countess of Luxembourg.
King Rudolf also had an illegitimate son, Albrecht I of Schenkenberg, Count of Löwenstein.
[edit]References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Karl-Friedrich Krieger, Rudolf von Habsburg, Darmstadt: Primus Verlag, 2003, 294 S.
Wikipedia:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I._%28HRR%29
Rudolf I. (HRR)
aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche
Disambig-dark.svg Dieser Artikel erläutert den ersten römisch-deutschen König aus dem Hause Habsburg, nicht zu verwechseln mit dem ersten gleichnamigen Grafen Rudolf I. (Habsburg) († um 1063).
Rudolf von Habsburg, Grabplatte im Dom zu Speyer
Rudolf von Habsburg (* 1. Mai 1218 auf Burg Limburg bei Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl; † 15. Juli 1291 in Speyer) war als Rudolf IV. Graf von Habsburg, Kyburg und Löwenstein sowie Landgraf im Thurgau. Als Rudolf I. war er ab 1273 der erste römisch-deutsche König aus dem Geschlecht der Habsburger, von 1276 bis 1286 zudem Herzog von Kärnten und Krain sowie von 1278 bis 1282 Herzog von Österreich und der Steiermark.
Rudolf war der erste der – allerdings nur von Bernd Schneidmüller so genannten – „Grafenkönige“. Seine Leistungen wurden bereits von seinen Zeitgenossen anerkannt. Er beendete das Interregnum, besiegte den böhmischen König Ottokar II. und setzte den Landfrieden sowie die Hofrechtsprechung in Teilen des Reiches wieder durch. Im Rahmen seiner Möglichkeiten stärkte er das Königtum trotz der herausragenden Stellung der Kurfürsten. Außerdem legte er die Grundlage für die Macht seiner Familie. Er gilt außerdem als eine der populärsten Herrscherfiguren des deutschen Mittelalters.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
[Anzeigen]
* 1 Leben
o 1.1 Familie
o 1.2 Die Zeit als Graf von Habsburg (ca. 1240-1273)
o 1.3 Die Königswahl von 1273
o 1.4 Stärkung der königlichen Machtposition und Beginn der Revindikationspolitik (1273-1277)
o 1.5 Kampf gegen den König von Böhmen (1273–1278)
+ 1.5.1 Feldzüge gegen Ottokar II. Přemysl
o 1.6 Grundlagen der Macht der Habsburger in Österreich (1276–1283)
o 1.7 Überwindung des Interregnums: Die Revindikationspolitik Rudolfs
* 2 Tod und Ausblick
* 3 Wappen
* 4 Ehen und Nachkommen
* 5 Literarisches Nachwirken
* 6 Quellen
* 7 Literatur
* 8 Weblinks
* 9 Einzelnachweise
Leben [Bearbeiten]
Familie [Bearbeiten]
Rudolf entstammte dem Grafengeschlecht der Habsburger, dessen unzusammenhängender Besitz sich im Gebiet des Elsass und der Nordostschweiz befand. Die Habsburger verfolgten eine Politik der Anlehnung an das Königshaus der Staufer. Rudolf war der Sohn Albrechts IV. von Habsburg und dessen Gemahlin Hedwig von Kyburg († nach 1263). 1232 und 1238/9 kam es zwischen seinem Vater und dessen Bruder Rudolf III. zu einer Teilung des Familienbesitzes. Albrecht erhielt jedoch den größeren Teil des Besitzes in Form der Ländereien im Aargau und Frickgau, die Vogtei über das Kloster Muri, das Umland der Habsburg (Eigenamt) und den Großteil der elsässischen Ländereien. Von den Besitzungen im Zürichgau erhielt Albrecht den nördlichen Teil. Im Jahr 1239 übergab Albrecht seine Herrschaft an seine Söhne Rudolf IV. und den wohl noch minderjährigen Hartmann und begab sich auf einen Kreuzzug nach Palästina.
Die Zeit als Graf von Habsburg (ca. 1240-1273) [Bearbeiten]
Im Jahr 1240 erfuhr die Familie vom Tod Albrechts IV. und Rudolf trat, als vierter Graf von Habsburg, das Erbe an. Zu Beginn der 1240er Jahre trat Rudolf vermutlich in Beziehung zu König Konrad IV., um seine Ländereien als Lehen zu empfangen. 1241 hielt sich Rudolf am Hof Kaiser Friedrichs II. in Faenza auf. Im Jahr 1243 begann Rudolf eine Fehde mit Hugo III. von Tiefenstein/Teufen um Vogteirechte von Besitzungen der Klöster Stein am Rhein und Sankt Blasien, an deren Ende Hugo wohl im Auftrag Rudolfs ermordet wurde. Rudolf konnte bei seinem Vorgehen auf das Wohlwollen der Staufer hoffen. Diese benötigten nach der Absetzung Friedrichs II. durch Papst Innozenz IV. 1245 Rudolf als mächtigen Gefolgsmann im süddeutschen Raum, zumal sich Rudolfs Bruder Albrecht, Domherr in Basel, und Rudolf III. sich dem päpstlichen Lager anschlossen. Rudolf wurde aufgrund seiner Parteinahme für die Staufer mit dem Kirchenbann belegt. 1252 scheint Rudolf Konrad IV. für einige Zeit nach Italien begleitet zu haben. Etwa zwei Jahre später geriet Rudolf mit den Bischöfen von Basel und Straßburg in militärische Auseinandersetzungen um die Städte Breisach und Rheinfelden, wofür er von Konrad mit der Vogtei über Sankt Blasien und Freie im Schwarzwaldgebiet ausgestattet wurde. Zur selben Zeit heiratete er Gertrud von Hohenberg, seit 1273 Anna genannt. Nach dem Tode König Konrads IV. und dem Machtverlust der Staufer wurde Rudolf wahrscheinlich vom Kirchenbann gelöst.[1]
1261 unterstützte Rudolf Walter von Geroldseck, den Bischof von Straßburg, in seinem Zwist mit den Bürgern der Stadt Straßburg. Nach Abschluss eines Waffenstillstandes zwischen den kriegführenden Parteien wechselte er auf die Seite der Stadtbürger. Gemeinsam mit seinem Vetter Gottfried eroberte er die von Walter besetzten Reichsstädte Colmar, Kaisersberg und Mülhausen, deren Besitz für Rudolf im folgenden Jahr im Vorfrieden von St. Arbogast gesichert wurde.[2] Um 1262 errichtete Rudolf bei Schlettstadt die Burg Ortenberg als Residenz.
Im Jahr 1264 weitete sich der seit 1259 schwelende Zwist Rudolfs mit dem Grafen Peter II. von Savoyen um das Erbe Hartmanns des Älteren von Kiburg aus. Hartmann der Ältere entstammte Rudolfs Familie mütterlicherseits und war mit der Schwester Peters, Margarethe, verheiratet. Die Grafen von Savoyen veranlassten Hartmann Teile seiner Güter an seine Frau zu übergeben. Rudolf stützte die Ansprüche des Bruders Hartmanns des Älteren, Hartmanns des Jüngeren auf dessen Erbe. Dieser verstarb 1263 ohne männliche Erben. Nach dem Tod Hartmanns des Älteren 1264 besetzte Rudolf Hartmanns Güter (Thurgau, Zürichgau, Kloster Sankt Gallen) sowie die Güter von dessen Frau. Peter von Savoyen verklagte ihn aus diesem Grund bei der Kirche. Papst Klemens IV. drohte Rudolf daraufhin mit dem Kirchenbann, falls er die Ländereien Margarethes nicht zurückgeben sollte. Im Jahr 1265 fiel Rudolf im Gebiet Peters ein und errang zunächst einige Erfolge, allerdings konnte keine der Parteien eine entscheidenden Sieg erringen. Im September 1267 wurde Rudolf im Besitz des kiburgischen Erbes bestätigt. Er erhielt außerdem die Vormundschaft über die Witwe und Tochter Hartmanns des Jüngeren, dessen Erbe somit faktisch unter seine Herrschaft kam.[3]
Mit der Inbesitznahme des Kiburger Erbes stieg Rudolf zum mächtigsten Fürsten des nordschweizer Raums auf. In den Jahren 1266/67 errang er entscheidende Siege über die Regensberger und Toggenburger Adelsgeschlechter. Im Herbst 1267 zog Rudolf nach Verona zum Heerlager des Staufers Konradin, nahm jedoch nicht am Feldzug zur Eroberung des Königreichs Sizilien teil.
Im folgenden Jahr begannen langwierige Auseinandersetzungen Rudolfs mit dem Bischof Heinrich III. von Basel, in denen es hauptsächlich um die Herrschaft über die Städte Rheinfelden und Breisach ging. Ab 1271 wurde Rudolf von den Grafen von Freiburg, Fürstenberg und Sulz sowie den Herren von Lupfen unterstützt, während sich der Straßburger Bischof und der Graf von Pfirt Heinrich anschlossen. Rudolf konnte in den Jahren 1271 bis 1273 seine Herrschaft über das Kloster Sankt Gallen erweitern. Um eine Entscheidung zu erzwingen, belagerte er 1273 die Stadt Basel, unter deren Bürgerschaft er Anhänger besaß. Am 20. September wurde Rudolf von Burggraf Friedrich III. von Nürnberg von seiner bevorstehenden Wahl zum römisch-deutschen König unterrichtet. Daraufhin beendete Rudolf die Kampfhandlungen und schloss einen Waffenstillstand mit Heinrich III.
Die Königswahl von 1273 [Bearbeiten]
Nach dem Ende des staufischen Königtums 1254 wechselten sich Könige und Gegenkönige im Reich ab. Das durch die unklaren Machtpositionen dieser Herrscher entstandene Machtvakuum, nicht ganz korrekt Interregnum genannt, setzte sich mit der Doppelwahl von 1256/57 fort. Die beiden gewählten Könige Richard von Cornwall und Alfons von Kastilien konnten keine allgemeine Anerkennung im Reich erlangen. Diese als Interregnum bezeichnete Zeitspanne wurde von den Zeitgenossen als von Rechtsbrüchen und dem Fehlen königlicher Zentralgewalt geprägtes Zeitalter wahrgenommen.[4] Richard von Cornwall starb im April 1272. Daraufhin forderte Alfons von Papst Gregor X. die Bestätigung seiner Königswahl (päpstliche Approbation). Gregor X. arbeitete jedoch auf einen allgemeinen Kreuzzug zur Unterstützung der Christen in Palästina unter Führung des römisch-deutschen Kaisers hin. Da Alfons hierfür aus seiner Sicht nicht die nötige Anerkennung im Reich besessen haben dürfte, verweigerte er die Approbation und bereitete so den Weg für eine Neuwahl.[5]
Bald darauf wandten sich Karl von Anjou für seinen Neffen Philipp III., den König von Frankreich, und der Böhmenkönig Ottokar II. Premyšl an den Papst, um ihre Wahl zum König zu erreichen. Beide nahmen kaum Rücksicht auf die Wünsche der Kurfürsten, denen der Papst jedoch die Entscheidung zugunsten eines Kandidaten überließ. Andere mögliche Kandidaten wie der Pfalzgraf und Herzog von Oberbayern Ludwig der Strenge oder der Thüringer Friedrich der Freidige waren aufgrund ihrer politischen bzw. verwandtschaftlichen Nähe zu den Staufern aus Sicht der Kurie unwählbar. Gegen Ende des Jahres 1272 begann Erzbischof Werner von Mainz mit Verhandlungen innerhalb der rheinischen Kurfürstengruppe zum Ausgleich von Interessenkonflikten und zur Einigung auf einen Kandidaten. Am 1. September 1273 war er bereits mit Ludwig dem Strengen zu der Übereinkunft gelangt, entweder Siegfried von Anhalt oder Rudolf von Habsburg zu wählen, vorausgesetzt, dass die Wahl Ludwigs sich als nicht möglich erweisen sollte. Gründe für die Auswahl Rudolfs werden in seiner starken Position im Südwesten des Reiches und seiner Kriegserfahrung gesehen. Er schien geeignet, mögliche Auseinandersetzungen mit Ottokar Premyšl oder eventuell auch Philipp III. zu bestehen und verfügte aufgrund seiner Nähe zu den Staufern auch beim staufischen Anhang im früheren Herzogtum Schwaben Sympathien besaß.[6] Am 11. September bekundeten die drei geistlichen Kurfürsten und der Pfalzgraf, dass sie bei der Wahl gemeinsam stimmen wollten. Etwa zu diesem Zeitpunkt dürften sie auch Kontakte zum Herzog von Sachsen und dem Markgrafen von Brandenburg geknüpft haben, in denen man sich auf die Wahl Rudolfs einigte.[7]
Burggraf Friedrich von Nürnberg wurde zu Rudolf gesandt, um von ihm eine Bestätigung der Wahlbedingungen der Kurfürsten zu erlangen. Rudolf musste sich gegenüber den Kurfürsten verpflichten, dass er das seit der Stauferzeit entfremdete Reichsgut wieder zurückführen und Reichsgüter nur mit Zustimmung der (Kur-)Fürsten veräußern würde. Des Weiteren sollte er das Reich befrieden und die zahlreichen Fehden beenden sowie ungerechte Zölle beseitigen.[8]
Nachdem Rudolf den Bedingungen der Kurfürsten zugestimmt hatte, traten diese zur Wahl in Frankfurt am Main zusammen. Da jedoch von Ottokar Premyšl eine Ablehnung der Wahl angenommen wurde, ließ man Heinrich von Niederbayern als siebten Kurfürsten wählen. Hierdurch war die Gesamtzahl von sieben Kurfürsten erreicht und der 55-jährige Rudolf konnte am 1. Oktober 1273 in Frankfurt gewählt werden. Der böhmische Gesandte lehnte die Wahlentscheidung ab. Ottokar Premyšl beklagte in einem Protestbrief an den Papst die mangelnde Eignung Rudolfs für das Amt des römischen Königs.
Rudolf zog nach der Benachrichtigung durch Friedrich von Nürnberg zunächst nach Dieburg und wurde am 2. Oktober in Frankfurt empfangen. Auf dem Weg nach Aachen bekam er die Reichsinsignien ausgehändigt und wurde am 24. Oktober zusammen mit seiner Gattin im Aachener Münster von Engelbert II., dem Erzbischof von Köln, nach dem traditionellen Zeremoniell gesalbt und gekrönt.
Stärkung der königlichen Machtposition und Beginn der Revindikationspolitik (1273-1277) [Bearbeiten]
Nach seiner Wahl zum König begann Rudolf, seine Machtstellung zu stärken. Hierzu verheiratete er entsprechend vor der Wahl erfolgter Verhandlungen seine Töchter Matilde und Agnes mit Ludwig dem Strengen und Herzog Albrecht von Sachsen.
Um die Approbation des Papstes zu seiner Wahl zu erlangen, sandte Rudolf im Dezember 1273 seinen Kanzler Otto, Propst von Sankt Wido in Speyer, zu Gregor X. in Lyon. Durch eine zweite Gesandtschaft gelang es ihm, dem Papst vorzuspiegeln, er wolle sich dem geplanten Kreuzzug nach Palästina anschließen. Er versprach, die Italienpolitik der Staufer nicht zu erneuern und von früheren Königen der Kurie gewährte Privilegien zu bestätigen. Zudem erkannte er die päpstliche Vermittlung in seinem Konflikt mit Peter von Savoyen an und erklärte sich zu Verhandlungen über ein Heiratsprojekt mit Karl von Anjou bereit. Rudolf erhielt auch auf dem Konzil von Lyon die Unterstützung der anwesenden deutschen Geistlichen. Hierdurch wurden die von Ottokar vorgetragenen Beschwerden in den Augen des Papstes unwesentlich. Am 26. September 1274 erteilte er die Approbation zu Rudolfs Königswahl. Im folgenden Jahr ließ auch Alfons von Kastilien, der bisher mit böhmischer Unterstützung auf seinem Thronrecht bestanden hatte, seine Ansprüche fallen.[9]
Um im Reich einen allgemeinen Frieden zu erhalten, bestätigte Rudolf Einzelheiten des Mainzer Reichslandfriedens von 1235. So erklärte er bereits am 26. Oktober 1273 alle in der Zeit des Interregnums nicht gesetzmäßig erhobenen Zölle für ungültig, was besonders die Gebiet am Rhein betraf. Rudolf erneuerte auch das Amt des Hofrichters. Auf seinen Reisen durch das Reich ließ er die regionalen Machthaber per Eid zur Einhaltung des Friedens verpflichten. Waren diese hierzu nicht bereit, leitete Rudolf militärische Aktionen gegen sie ein. Von den Chronisten werden Rudolfs Maßnahmen weitgehend positiv beurteilt. Erfolge konnte er aber vorerst nur in den südwestlichen Gebieten des Reichs erlangen, wo es ihm gelang, selbst bedeutendere Fürsten wie den Markgrafen von Baden zur Aufgabe von Zöllen zu bewegen.
Gemeinsam mit der Wahrung des Landfriedens verfolgte Rudolf die Wiederherstellung entfremdeten Reichsguts (Revindikationspolitik). Wahrscheinlich erließ er auf dem Speyrer Reichstag im Dezember 1273 einen Rechtsspruch, der die Rückgabe ungesetzlich angeeigneten Reichsguts anordnete. Gesichert ist, dass bis zum Nürnberger Hoftag im November 1274 die Definition des zurückzugebenden Reichsguts erfolgte. Hiernach waren von der Revindikation diejenigen Güter betroffen, die Friedrich II. vor seiner Absetzung innegehabt hatte und solche, die seitdem an das Reich heimgefallen waren. Die Feststellung der unrechtmäßigen Inbesitznahme von Reichsgut wurde den Reichsvögten übertragen. Zur Verwaltung des Reichsguts führte Rudolf das Amt des Landvogts ein. Dieser war auf bestimmten Reichsgütern angesiedelt und hatte für die Einziehung von Steuern, die Einstellung von Verwaltungspersonal und die Sicherung des Friedens zu sorgen. Landvögte wurden vor allem im Südwesten des Reiches eingesetzt, während im Norden die Herzöge von Sachsen und Braunschweig 1277 mit der Verwaltung des Reichsguts beauftragt wurden. [10]
Kampf gegen den König von Böhmen (1273–1278) [Bearbeiten]
Die größte Schwierigkeit für Rudolf während seiner ersten Regierungsjahre lag in dem Konflikt mit Ottokar II. Přemysl. Dieser verweigerte Rudolfs Anerkennung, da er seine Besitzungen im österreichischen Raum in der Zeit des Interregnums unter anzweifelbaren Umständen erworben hatte. Die österreichischen Besitzungen hätten also im Fall einer Anerkennung Rudolfs im Zuge der Revindikationspolitik eingezogen werden können. Es wird vermutet, dass Ottokar bereits nach dem Hoftag in Speyer 1273 zur Rückgabe seiner österreichischen Ländereien an das Reich aufgefordert wurde.[11] Da Ottokar weiterhin die Belehnung mit seinen Besitzungen durch Rudolf ablehnte, wurde ihm auf dem Nürnberger Hoftag im November 1274 das Recht auf seine Lehen aberkannt, was auch Böhmen und Mähren einschloss. Um ihm Gelegenheit zur Rechtfertigung zu geben, wurde Ottokar auf den Reichstag in Würzburg zu Beginn des folgenden Jahres vorgeladen. Er erschien jedoch nicht und sandte erst im Mai 1275 Bischof Wernhard von Seckau auf den Reichstag in Augsburg. Wernhards provokantes Auftreten bewirkte, dass Ottokars Ländereien für an das Reich heimgefallen erklärt wurden und über Ottokar im selben Jahr in die Reichsacht verhängt wurde.[12]
Rudolf versuchte zu dieser Zeit, Ottokars Position durch Verbindungen zu benachbarten Fürsten zu schwächen. Durch die Heirat seines Sohnes Albrecht mit Elisabeth von Görz-Tirol kurz nach dem Nürnberger Hoftag konnte er sich die Grafen Meinhard und Albrecht von Görz-Tirol zu Bündnispartnern machen. 1274 begannen Verhandlungen mit dem Königreich Ungarn, die 1275 zur Ehe zwischen Rudolfs Tochter Clementia und König Ladilslaus’ IV. Bruder Andreas führten. Sie führten auch 1276 zum Abschluss eines Bündnisses gegen Ottokar im Juni 1276 mit der Hofpartei um Joachim Guthkeled. Ebenso belehnte Rudolf im Februar 1275 Philipp von Spanheim mit dem Herzogtum Kärnten, welches Ottokar nach dem Tod von Philipps Bruder in Besitz genommen hatte.
Weitere Unterstützung fand er beim Patriarchen von Aquileja und den Bischöfen von Regensburg und Passau sowie Erzbischof Friedrich von Salzburg. Friedrich machte sich den Umstand zunutze, dass viele Adlige in Ottokars Ländern mit dessen autoritärer Regierung unzufrieden waren und versuchte diese dazu zu bringen, Rudolf zu unterstützen. Daraufhin griff Ottokar Ende 1274 das Erzstift Salzburg an.
Kurzzeitig ging auch Heinrich von Niederbayern 1275 auf Rudolfs Seite über, da Rudolf ihm das Mitkurrecht zusicherte. Nach der Zusicherung von Hilfe durch den Kölner Erzbischof und vermutlich auch die anderen rheinischen Kurfürsten zu Beginn des Jahres 1276, unterwarf er im Mai 1276 den aufrührerischen Markgrafen von Baden, der angeblich Geldzahlungen aus Böhmen erhalten hatte. Ende Mai schlichtete er den Streit zwischen den Brüdern Ludwig dem Strengen und Heinrich von Niederbayern. Im Sommer 1276 verhängte Erzbischof Werner von Mainz den Kirchenbann über Ottokar.[13]
Feldzüge gegen Ottokar II. Přemysl [Bearbeiten]
→ Hauptartikel: Feldzüge Rudolfs I. gegen Ottokar II. Přemysl
Anfang Oktober 1276 zogen die Tiroler Grafen nach Kärnten und Krain. In kurzer Zeit fielen der Kärntner und Krainer Adel von Ottokar ab. Bald darauf trat der Adel der Steiermark in Verhandlungen mit Rudolf. Durch eine Übereinkunft mit Heinrich von Niederbayern konnte Rudolf die Donau als Transportweg nutzen. So gelang ihm der schnelle Vormarsch nach Wien, das von einem engen Vertrauten Ottokars, Paltram vor dem Freithofe, gehalten wurde. Ottokar befand sich zu dier Zeit im Gebiet um das Marchfeld. Seine Autorität war bereits derart geschwächt, dass er den Abfall der österreichischen Ministerialen nicht verhindern konnte. Ungarische Angriffe schwächten Ottokars Stellung weiter. Noch im Oktober wurde ein Waffenstillstand geschlossen. Ein Schiedsgericht entschied am 21. November, dass Ottokar auf seine Rechte auf Österreich, Steiermark, Kärnten, Krain, die Windische Mark, Eger und Pordenone verzichten musste. Ottokar musste Rudolfs Königtum anerkennen und Böhmen und Mähren als Lehen empfangen. Ein Sohn Rudolfs sollte eine Tochter Ottokars heiraten und eine Tochter Rudolfs Ottokars Sohn Wenzel.[14]
Am 25. November empfing Ottokar seine Lehen von Rudolf. Ottokar soll hierzu in prunkvollen Gewändern erschienen sein, während Rudolf in einem grauen Wams auf einem schlichten Holzschemel sitzend die Belehnung vorgenommen haben soll. Dies hätte eine umso größere Demütigung für Ottokar bedeutet.[15] Aus dem Frieden von Wien ergab sich für Rudolf das Problem, dass er die wegen der Mitgift für seine Tochter verpfändeten Besitzungen nördlich der Donau zwangsläufig an die Přemysliden verlieren musste. König Ottokar war in seiner Ehre verletzt worden und hatte außerdem mit dem Aufstand seiner böhmischen Vasallen Boreš von Riesenburg und Zawiš von Falkenstein zu kämpfen.
In der folgenden Zeit kam es daher wiederholt zu Auseinandersetzungen wegen der Nichteinhaltung von Abmachungen. In zwei weiteren Friedensverträgen vom 6. Mai und 12. September 1277, ausgehandelt von Friedrich von Nürnberg, wurden Rudolf auch Besitzungen nördlich der Donau zuerkannt. Im April und Mai des folgenden Jahres kam es in Österreich zu Aufständen von Anhängern Ottokars, die ab Juni von böhmischen Truppen unterstützt wurden.
Während Rudolf noch mit der Aufstellung einer Armee beschäftigt war, fiel Ottokar mit überlegenen Truppen in Österreich ein. Er verlor jedoch entscheidende Zeit bei der Belagerung strategisch unbedeutender Orte. So konnte sich Rudolf mit seinen ungarischen Verbündeten vereinen und Ottokar zur Entscheidungsschlacht auf dem Marchfeld zwingen. Am 26. August trafen hier die etwa gleichstarken Heere aufeinander. Rudolf selbst geriet während der Schlacht in Lebensgefahr, als ihn ein feindlicher Ritter aus dem Sattel warf. Der König entkam nur durch die Hilfe eines nordschweizer Ritters. Die Schlacht wurde schließlich durch eine kleine Gruppe von Berittenen entschieden, die sich auf Anordnung Rudolfs bis zu ihrem Eingreifen verborgen hatten. Ottokar starb nach der Schlacht durch die Hand persönlicher Feinde.
Rudolf trennte sich kurz nach der Schlacht auf dem Marchfeld von den Ungarn. Er zog nach Mähren, wo ihm die wichtigen Städte und Bischof Bruno von Olmütz huldigten. Unter dem Vorsitz des Erzbischofs von Salzburg wurden die Friedensverhandlungen Ende Oktober zum Abschluss gebracht. Während die Přemysliden ihre Ansprüche auf die österreichischen Besitzungen aufgeben mussten, erhielten sie Böhmen und Mähren als Reichslehen. Die Vormundschaft Wenzels wurde auf fünf Jahre Otto dem Langen übergeben. Rudolf durfte Mähren fünf Jahre einbehalten, um seine Kriegskosten decken zu können. Zur Sicherung des Friedens wurden Rudolfs Tochter Guta mit Wenzel und Rudolfs Sohn Rudolf mit Wenzels Schwester Agnes vermählt. Rudolfs Tochter Hedwig heiratete Otto den Kleinen von Brandenburg, den Bruder Ottos des Langen.
Grundlagen der Macht der Habsburger in Österreich (1276–1283) [Bearbeiten]
Nachdem die Reichsgüter Ottokars an das Reich zurückgefallen waren, belehnte Rudolf mit Einverständnis der Kurfürsten 1282 seine Söhne Albrecht und Rudolf mit Österreich, Steiermark, Krain und der Windischen Mark und erhob sie in den Reichsfürstenstand. Schon 1276 hatte er geistliche Fürsten überzeugt, Güter im selben Einzugsbereich an seine Söhne zu vergeben. Mit der „Rheinfelder Hausordnung“ (1. Juni 1283) bestimmte Rudolf, dass diese Güter nur durch Albrecht und seine Erben beherrscht werden sollten; sein Bruder Rudolf sollte zum Ausgleich eine Entschädigung erhalten. Die Grundlage der späteren Herrschaft der Habsburger war damit geschaffen. Der Versuch, Albrecht die Thronnachfolge zu sichern, scheiterte daran, dass es Rudolf nie gelang, zum Kaiser gekrönt zu werden. Damit hätte Rudolf noch zu seinen Lebzeiten Albrecht die römisch-deutsche Königskrone sichern können. Doch gab es während Rudolfs Regierungszeit insgesamt acht Päpste, zwei fest vereinbarte Krönungstermine kamen nie zustande. Erst Heinrich VII. sollte es gelingen, sich zum Kaiser krönen zu lassen.
Überwindung des Interregnums: Die Revindikationspolitik Rudolfs [Bearbeiten]
Rudolf verkündet auf einem Hoftag den Landfrieden, aus der Chronik der Bischöfe von Würzburg des Lorenz Fries, Mitte 16. Jahrhunderts
Rudolf erneuerte nicht einfach den Reichslandfrieden von 1235 – dafür fehlten ihm zu Beginn seiner Herrschaft schlicht die Machtmittel. So war er darauf angewiesen regional begrenzte Friedensabsprachen zu initiieren. Er handelte im Westen und Süden des Reiches mit den Territorialherren einzelne örtlich und zeitlich begrenzte Landfrieden aus (z. B. 1276 in Österreich oder 1281 den bayerischen, fränkischen und rheinischen Landfrieden). Auch in entfernteren Reichsgebieten versuchte er sich durchzusetzen (1289/90 ließ er in Thüringen z. B. 66 Raubritterburgen zerstören). Im März 1287 erschien es Rudolf endlich möglich, einen allgemeinen Landfrieden zu verkünden.
Am 9. August 1281 ließ er auf dem Hoftag zu Nürnberg förmlich feststellen, dass alle nach der Absetzung Friedrichs II. durchgeführten Schenkungen oder Verfügungen über Reichsgüter nichtig seien, es sei denn, die Mehrheit der Kurfürsten billigten die Verfügungen. Er setzte Landvögte ein, die unberechtigt angeeignete Reichsgüter finden sollen und als Vertreter des Königs agieren. Diese Landvogteien waren ein wichtiges Instrument zur Revindikation des Reichsguts. Rudolf ließ das gesamte Reichsgut in solche Verwaltungseinheiten aufteilen und gab den Vögten weitreichende Befugnisse. Damit war auch eine effektive Verwaltung des Reichsguts gesichert – etwas, was in den europäischen Monarchien wie Frankreich oder England längst existierte.
In „königsnahen“ Territorien, also vor allem im Südwesten des Reiches, hat er einigen Erfolg zu verbuchen. In königsfernen Territorien (wie dem Norden) versuchte er mit Hilfe Verbündeter die Städte zu schützen und Reichsgüter wieder in Besitz zu bringen – hier konnte er jedoch keinen nennenswerten Erfolg erringen. Seine Ansprüche auf die burgundische Pfalzgrafschaft konnte er zwar 1289 erfolgreich durchsetzen, seine Nachfolger konnten Burgund jedoch nicht auf Dauer gegen Frankreich halten, welches seit der späten Stauferzeit eine aggressive Expansionspolitik im Westen des Reiches betrieb.
Tod und Ausblick [Bearbeiten]
Historisierende Darstellung Rudolfs aus dem 19. Jahrhundert in der Vorhalle des Doms zu Speyer
Rudolf verstarb am 15. Juli 1291 in Speyer. Vor allem auf Grund der Befürchtungen der Kurfürsten, Albrecht könnte – gestützt auf seine Hausmacht – zu mächtig werden, wurde nicht der einzig überlebende Sohn Albrecht sein Nachfolger, sondern Graf Adolf von Nassau. Bis zu dessen Wahl gab es jedoch erneut ein Interregnum von fast einem Jahr. Unmittelbar aus der Zeit nach dem Tod Rudolfs datieren mehrere später als bedeutend angesehene Landfriedensverträge und Handfesten, die in dieser Zeit der Unsicherheit auch gegen die von ihm eingesetzten Vögte gerichtet waren. Zu diesen Verträgen zählen die Handfeste Wilhelm von Montforts an die Bürger der Fürstabtei St. Gallen am 31. Juli und der Bundesbrief der alten Eidgenossenschaft im August.
Rudolfs Grab befindet sich im Speyerer Dom. Der Sargdeckel (siehe Abbildung am Beginn des Artikels) zeigt ein lebensnahes Abbild des Königs, das laut Info des Domkapitels des Speyerer Doms bereits vor seinem Tode geschaffen wurde. Das Gesicht zeigt die für die Habsburger charakteristische markante Nase und ist vom Alter und von den Sorgen des Herrschers gezeichnet. Im Mittelalter waren solche lebensgetreue Darstellungen unüblich; in der Regel zeigten Herrscherbilder den Typ des jugendlichen Königs in der Blüte seiner Jahre ohne persönliche Erkennungsmerkmale. Nur in der zweiten Hälfte des 13.Jahrhunderts wurden individuellere Darstellungen geschaffen. Sie gilt als eine herausragende künstlerische Leistung dieser Zeit. Der Sargdeckel wurde entfernt, als Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts die Gräber mit neuen Platten bedeckt wurden und wird heute in der Krypta des Domes ausgestellt.
Wappen [Bearbeiten]
Das Wappen Rudolfs als Römischer König, Graf von Habsburg und Landgraf im Elsass in der Chronik von Johannes Stumpf von 1548
Als römisch-deutscher König führte Rudolf in seinem Wappen den Reichsadler mit seinem persönlichen Wappen auf der Brust. Dieses setzte sich zusammen aus dem Wappen der Grafen von Habsburg, ein roter, blau gekrönter Löwe auf goldenem Grund und dem Wappen der Landgrafschaft Oberelsass, drei goldene Kronen, diagonal gespiegelt an einem goldenen diagonalen Band.
Ehen und Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]
Rudolf von Habsburg heiratete um 1253 im Elsass Gertrud von Hohenberg (* um 1225; † 1281), mit der er vierzehn Kinder hatte, unter anderem:
* Mathilde (1251–1304)
∞ 1273 in Heidelberg mit Ludwig II. von Oberbayern, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (1229–1294)
* Albrecht I. (1255–1308)
∞ 1276 in Wien mit Elisabeth von Tirol (1262–1313)
* Katharina (1256?–1282)
∞ 1279 in Wien mit Otto III., Herzog von Niederbayern (1261–1312)
* Agnes (1257–1322)
∞ 1273 in Wittenberg mit Albrecht II. von Sachsen-Wittenberg (1298)
* Hedwig (um 1259–1285/86)
∞ 1279 in Lehnin mit Otto IV. von Brandenburg (1264–1308/09)
* Clementia (Klementia) (um 1262–1293)
∞ 11. Januar 1281 mit Karl Martell, Titularkönig von Ungarn († 1295), Sohn Karls II. von Neapel aus dem Adelsgeschlecht der Anjou
* Hartmann (1263–1281)
verlobt mit Prinzessin Johanna, Tochter Königs Eduard I. von England
* Rudolf II. (1270–1290)
∞ 1289 in Prag mit Agnes von Böhmen, Tochter Königs Ottokar II. Přemysl
* Guta (Jutta) (1271–1297)
∞ 1285 in Prag mit Wenzel II., König von Böhmen (1271–1305)
* Karl (*/† 1276)
In zweiter Ehe heiratete Rudolf im Mai 1284 in Besancon Agnes (Isabella) von Burgund (* um 1270; † 1323)
Unehelicher Sohn Rudolfs war Albrecht, Graf von Löwenstein-Schenkenberg
Literarisches Nachwirken [Bearbeiten]
* Friedrich Schiller dichtete 1803 in der Phase des Zusammenbruchs des Heiligen Römischen Reiches infolge der Eroberungskriege Napoleons [16] die politisch motivierte Ballade Der Graf von Habsburg mit der Anfangszeile Zu Aachen in seiner Kaiserpracht ....[17] In dieser Ballade behauptete Schiller, dass Rudolf I. zum Kaiser gewählt und in Aachen gekrönt wurde. Tatsächlich war es eine Königswahl. Rudolf wurde nie durch den Papst zum Kaiser gekrönt, sondern blieb zeitlebens römisch-deutscher König. Unter anderem vertonten Franz Schubert (D 990)[18], Carl Loewe und Johann Friedrich Reichardt Schillers Ballade.[19]
Quellen [Bearbeiten]
* Oswald Redlich: Regesta Imperii VI, 1. Rudolf I. 1273-1291. Innsbruck 1898. Onlineversion der Regesta Imperii.
Literatur [Bearbeiten]
* Johann Franzl: Rudolf I. Der erste Habsburger auf dem deutschen Königsthron, Wien 1986
* Karl-Friedrich Krieger: Rudolf von Habsburg, Darmstadt 2003.
* Oswald Redlich: Rudolf von Habsburg. Das deutsche Reich nach dem Untergang des alten Kaisertums, Innsbruck 1903 (und Nachdrucke). Immer noch grundlegend.
* Brigitte Vacha (Hrsg.): Die Habsburger. Eine Europäische Familiengeschichte, Graz/Wien/Köln 1992, ISBN 3-222-12107-9.
* Johann Loserth: Rudolf I.. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 29. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, S. 478–493.
* Wilhelm Baum: RUDOLF I. von Habsburg. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 24, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-247-9, Sp. 1242–1250.
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]
Commons Commons: Rudolf I. – Album mit Bildern und/oder Videos und Audiodateien
* Literatur von und über Rudolf I. (HRR) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (Datensatz zu Rudolf I. (HRR) • PICA-Datensatz • Apper-Personensuche)
* Constantin von Wurzbach: Rudolph, deutscher Kaiser oder richtiger König. Nr. 275. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Bd 7 (1861). Verlag L. C. Zamarski, Wien 1856–1891, S. 127–135 (auf Wikisource).
* www.genealogie-mittelalter.de: Rudolf I., deutscher König und Graf von Habsburg
* „Regesta Imperii“ Rudolfs
* Urkunde Rudolphs von Habsburg für Kloster Engelberg, 25. Januar 1274 als Fotografie in den Beständen des Lichtbildarchivs älterer Originalurkunden an der Philipps-Universität Marburg mit Wiedergabe des Siegels.
Einzelnachweise [Bearbeiten]
1. ↑ Karl-Friedrich Krieger: Rudolf von Habsburg. S. 63–66 (Rudolfs Beziehungen zu den Staufern)
2. ↑ Der Frieden beinhaltete ebenso die Anerkennung weiterer Herrschaftsrechte Rudolfs sowie die Zahlung einer Kriegsentschädigung durch den Straßburger Bischof und wurde auch von König Richard von Cornwall anerkannt. Nach seiner Wahl zum König gab Rudolf die Städte Colmar, Kaisersberg und Mülhausen an das Reich zurück. Krieger, S. 70
3. ↑ Krieger, S. 76–77
4. ↑ Die neuere Forschung bestätigt für das Interregnum zwar eine zumindest in bestimmten Regionen erhöhte Gewalttätigkeit, sieht die Veränderungen im Vergleich zur Stauferzeit jedoch als nicht so gravierend an. Krieger, S. 44, 56
5. ↑ Krieger, S. 90
6. ↑ Zu den Gründen für die Entscheidung zugunsten Rudolfs siehe: Krieger, S. 100
7. ↑ Zum Vorspiel der Wahl siehe: Krieger, S. 90-98
8. ↑ Krieger, S. 108-109
9. ↑ Krieger, S. 115-118
10. ↑ Zum Beginn der Lanfriedens- und Revindikationspolitik siehe: Krieger, S. 118-127
11. ↑ Krieger, S. 127
12. ↑ Krieger, S. 127-129
13. ↑ Zu den machtpolitischen Auseinandersetzungen vor Rudolfs erstem Feldzug gegen Ottokar siehe: Krieger, S. 130-137
14. ↑ Zu Rudolfs erstem Feldzug siehe: Krieger, S. 138-142
15. ↑ Die Authentizität dieser Überlieferung ist umstritten. Krieger, S. 142
16. ↑ Berliner Zeitung vom 5. August 2006.
17. ↑ Text bei Literaturwelt.com
18. ↑ http://www.baerenreiter.com/html/schubert-lieder/schubert_vol4.htm
19. ↑ http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/get_text.html?TextId=14496
Vorgänger Amt Nachfolger
Alfons von Kastilien Römisch-deutscher König
1273–1291 Adolf von Nassau
Ottokar II. Přemysl Herzog von Kärnten und Krain
1276–1286 Meinhard II.
Herzog von Österreich und der Steiermark
1278–1282 Albrecht I. und Rudolf II.
Normdaten: PND: 11860371X – weitere Informationen
Rudolph I of Germany
Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg, May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291) was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the German feudal dynasties.
Rudolf was the son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, and Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich, Count of Kyburg, and was born in Limburg im Breisgau. At his father's death in 1239, Rudolf inherited the family estates in Alsace and Aargau. In 1245 he married Gertrude, daughter of Burkhard III, Count of Hohenberg. As a result, Rudolf became an important vassal in Swabia, the ancient Alemannic stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254 he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in Northern Italy, especially in Lombardy, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
The disorder in Germany after the fall of the Hohenstaufen afforded an opportunity for Rudolph to increase his possessions. His wife was an heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle, Hartmann VI, Count of Kyburg, in 1264, he seized Hartmann's valuable estates. Successful feuds with the bishops of Strassburg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others. He also possessed large estates inherited from his father in the regions now known as Switzerland and Alsace.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolph the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal duchy Swabia had disintegrated, leaving room for its vassals to become quite independent) when, in the autumn of 1273, the princes met to elect a king after the death of Richard of Cornwall. His election in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, Frederick III of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg. The support of Albert II, Duke of Saxony (Wittenberg) and of Louis II, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Upper Bavaria, had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolph's daughters. As a result, Otakar II (1230-78), King of Bohemia, a candidate for the throne and grandson of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Frederick. Another candidate was Frederick of Meissen (1257-1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Frederick II who did not yet have a principality of his own as his father yet lived.
Rudolph was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. Friedrich Schiller in Der Graf von Habsburg ("The Count of Habsburg") presents a fictionalized rendering of the feast King Rudolf held following his coronation. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolph renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, in spite of Otakar's protests, not only recognized Rudolph himself, but persuaded Alfonso X, King of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German king in 1257 as the successor to William of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolph surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty that he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274 it was decided by the Diet of the Realm in Nuremberg that all crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that Otakar must answer to the Diet for not recognizing the new king. Otakar refused to appear or to restore the provinces of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Hermann VI, Margrave of Baden. Rudolf refuted Otakar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the crown due to the lack of male-line heirs (a position that conflicted with the provisions of Privilegium Minus). King Otakar was placed under the state ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him. Having persuaded Otakar's ally Henry I, Duke of Lower Bavaria, to switch sides, Rudolph compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then invested Otakar with Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Otakar's son Wenceslaus, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Otakar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, made an alliance with some Polish chiefs, and procured the support of several German princes, including his former ally, Henry of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolph formed an alliance with Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary, and gave additional privileges to the citizens of Vienna. On 26 August 1278 the rival armies met on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Otakar was defeated and killed. Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolph's representatives, leaving Kunigunda, the Queen Regent of Bohemia, in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus was again betrothed to one of Rudolf's daughters.
Rudolph's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, in Augsburg, Rudolph invested his sons, Albert and Rudolph, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, which had been without a ruler since Conradin's execution. The 27-year-old Duke Albert (married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Tirol (1238-95)) was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286 King Rudolf fully invested the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the provinces conquered from Otakar, to Albert's father-in-law Meinhard. The princes of the realm did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too.
Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Philip, Count Palatine of Burgundy, to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing, and in 1289 marched against Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281 his first wife died. On 5 February 1284 he married Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, his western neighbor.
Rudolph was not very successful in restoring internal peace to Germany. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole of Germany. But the king lacked the power, resources, or determination, to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia where he destroyed a number of robber-castles.
In 1291 he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. However, the princes refused claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, leery of the increasing power of the Habsburgs.
In 1286, Rudolf I instituted a new persecution of the Jews, declaring them servi camerae ("serfs of the treasury"), which had the effect of negating their political freedoms. Along with many others, Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, perhaps the greatest rabbi of the time, left Germany with family and followers, but was captured in Lombardy and imprisoned in a fortress in Alsace. Tradition has it that a large ransom of 23,000 marks silver was raised for him (by the ROSH), but Rabbi Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. He died in prison after seven years. Fourteen years after his death a ransom was paid for his body by Alexander ben Shlomo (Susskind) Wimpfen, who was subsequently laid to rest beside the Maharam.
Rudolph died in Speyer on July 15, 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I.
Rudolph's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg, which henceforth held sway over the southeastern and southwestern parts of the realm. In the rest of Germany, he left the princes largely to their own devices.
In the Divine Comedy, Dante finds Rudolph sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with his contemporaries, who berate him as "he who neglected that which he ought to have done".
He was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Beatrice of Champagne. All children were from the first marriage.
Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus; 1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291) was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the German feudal dynasties; he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria, territories that would remain under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years and would form the core of the present-day country of Austria.
https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_(Burg)
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 48
|
https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/galleries/hohenberg
|
en
|
Hohenberg Collection
|
[
"https://monitor.fraudblocker.com/fbt.gif?sid=cnYdtc-59XGDbdNoyi6Mq",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/templates/printstore/3100/images/framed-prints-and-wall-art.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/690/gertrude-anne-hohenberg-queen-king-rudolf-i-38279360.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/690/gertrude-anne-hohenberg-queen-king-rudolf-i-38279360.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/library-admont-abbey-austria-c1935-19300311.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/library-admont-abbey-austria-c1935-19300311.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/gertrude-anne-hohenberg-queen-king-rudolf-23386104.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/gertrude-anne-hohenberg-queen-king-rudolf-23386104.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/costumes-13th-century-23386100.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/costumes-13th-century-23386100.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/imperial-staircase-st-florian-monastery-19300225.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/imperial-staircase-st-florian-monastery-19300225.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/princess-sophie-chotek-duchess-hohenberg-14373124.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/princess-sophie-chotek-duchess-hohenberg-14373124.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/archduke-franz-ferdinand-family-visit-england-14158646.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/archduke-franz-ferdinand-family-visit-england-14158646.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/747/franz-ferdinand-archduke-austria-wife-sophie-18197500.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/747/franz-ferdinand-archduke-austria-wife-sophie-18197500.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/747/police-arresting-gavrilo-princip-1894-1918-18197498.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/747/police-arresting-gavrilo-princip-1894-1918-18197498.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/747/franz-ferdinand-1863a-18132455.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/747/franz-ferdinand-1863a-18132455.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/archduke-franz-ferdinand-bound-england-14158644.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/archduke-franz-ferdinand-bound-england-14158644.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/arrival-archduke-franz-ferdinand-england-1913-14158638.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/arrival-archduke-franz-ferdinand-england-1913-14158638.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/map-city-london-southwark-westminster-1572-15173560.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/map-city-london-southwark-westminster-1572-15173560.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/map-city-london-city-westminster-figures-15173528.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/map-city-london-city-westminster-figures-15173528.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/map-city-london-city-westminster-figures-15173526.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/map-city-london-city-westminster-figures-15173526.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/windsor-castle-1902-14996956.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/windsor-castle-1902-14996956.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/archduke-franz-ferdinand-austria-family-14922813.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/archduke-franz-ferdinand-austria-family-14922813.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/windsor-castle-1902-14920526.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/731/windsor-castle-1902-14920526.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/duchess-hohenberg-consort-archduke-franz-7182047.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/t/164/duchess-hohenberg-consort-archduke-franz-7182047.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/templates/printstore/3100/images/framed-prints-and-wall-art.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/icon_facebook.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/icon_pinterest.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/icon_card.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/reviews-io.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/currency-USD.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/currency-GBP.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/currency-EUR.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/icons/currency-AUD.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Hohenberg Collection of Photo Prints and Gifts"
] | null |
[] | null |
Hohenberg Prints From Media Storehouse. Our beautiful Wall Art and Photo Gifts include Framed Prints, Photo Prints, Poster Prints, Canvas Prints, Jigsaw Puzzles, Metal Prints and so much more
|
en
|
Media Storehouse Photo Prints
|
https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/galleries/hohenberg
|
"Hohenberg: A Tale of Royalty, Tragedy, and Legacy" In the early 20th century, Princess Sophie Chotek captured hearts as she became the Duchess of Hohenberg, marrying Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Their love story blossomed amidst political tensions and societal expectations. The year was 1913 when Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family embarked on a momentous visit to England. The royal couple's presence enchanted crowds with their grace and elegance, leaving an indelible mark on British society. November 1913 marked another significant chapter in their lives as Archduke Franz Ferdinand set sail for England. Little did they know that fate had something sinister in store for them. Tragically, on June 28th, 1914, Sarajevo witnessed one of history's most infamous assassinations. Gavrilo Princip mercilessly ended the lives of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his beloved wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg. This act ignited a chain reaction that would plunge Europe into the depths of World War I. Despite their untimely demise, the memory of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie lives on through lithographs capturing their regal essence. These images serve as a poignant reminder of a love cut short by tragedy but forever etched in history. It also holds other tales within its name - Gertrude Anne's reign as queen alongside King Rudolf showcases the enduring power associated with this noble lineage. Delving deeper into history reveals glimpses into medieval times through costumes from the 13th century. These garments transport us back to an era where knights roamed gallantly across lands ruled by lords bearing titles like Hohenberg. Austria itself boasts architectural marvels such as Admont Abbey's Library or St Florian Monastery's Imperial staircase - testaments to grandeur preserved throughout centuries despite changing tides.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 7
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrud-von-Hohenberg/6000000003827355907
|
en
|
Gertrud von Hohenberg
|
[
"https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p14/b4/d7/e6/20/53444865e3889f80/anna_gertrud_of_hohenburg_medium.jpg?hash=3f4a8f18296e53b9d1b066b9c7b28ef4277ded56b969a7ab0271966eff3f5018.1724309999&height=150&width=118",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://media.geni.com/p4/3068/3754/5344483643d16465/Rudolph_I_of_Germany_t2.jpg?hash=87c0a2cc04ced8ba9df69ddcfd552ca554371f1bca1850eaa0eaae8af4c21bf4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/57/7f/b9/0d/53444838f48c6929/mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_t2.jpg?hash=b6f6be0e1742d09773c89699166cbbfe5e7ce02480a496b06f1152016387e66c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/0c/8f/dc/bb/5344483d333e5324/pes_348_t2.jpg?hash=d1dfe08ad9754e9af570628679c80e90893616dde3a39cc0b62e4e543539348f.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/f1/7d/9d/04/5344485e6f1859fa/img_1599_2__t2.jpg?hash=cf38a176ba4f33a95ea6f2dc22af43d2e018d13d348131da8e0cf69bcc637613.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/6b/7e/5e/dd/5344485e6f129d35/img_1601_2__t2.jpg?hash=bd4d5e582b711884513100971a5009835a0520f503e6d6a9b5035b32264f9aa4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/73/90/e0/a6/5344483fcc1a01d9/habsburg_medium_t2.jpg?hash=11ba4c6c9cd53ecdcad8b9a1517b06f0ba6b437f504c98ae4576fb5b35141bc7.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/80/83/cf/4f/5344485cc62fe478/clemence_of_austria_t2.jpg?hash=feab9c21628d00ccc25a307355b70dc22a30c1158ebde6cc9f182db26b956169.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/da/fb/29/ec/5344485e6d224784/img_1612_2__t2.jpg?hash=20614822ff8343207ad5181e7c317ba2272f06c7169426b6d792994573b1f1a3.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b4/27/d6/a5/5344485e6d224786/img_1610_2__t2.jpg?hash=2b39079f597cd18c7024ceb8562f2b2c4e5a74f75d1363b3c1b884b4464008d8.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b0/53/0f/20/5344484677486a8c/died_young_boy_large_t2.jpg?hash=e1a0b3249c18e3973d0b6df400320107b551a8f10826431ed7ee7616b1c8834c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p7/5567/6962/53444836e5a202cd/Judith_of_Habsburg_t2.jpg?hash=ca70b06df111dfde9b86a78da99602a50f0b56f2c219b203d4b31daf877fb628.1724309999",
"https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"family tree",
"genealogy",
"trace your ancestry",
"family tree maker",
"family tree search",
"family tree charts",
"family statistics",
"ancestors",
"research"
] | null |
[] |
2024-05-25T04:10:41-07:00
|
Genealogy for Herzogin Gertrud Anna Gertrude von Hohenberg, Queen Consort of Germany (1238 - 1281) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
|
en
|
/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
geni_family_tree
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrud-von-Hohenberg/6000000003827355907
|
Gertrud von Hohenberg - Wikipedia:
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZL6-TXG
aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche
Skulptur Annas von Habsburg im Basler Münster
Gertrud von Hohenberg (* um 1225; † 16. Februar 1281) war als Gemahlin Rudolfs von Habsburg ab 1253 Gräfin von Habsburg, Kyburg und Löwenstein und ab 1273 als Anna von Habsburg römisch-deutsche Königin.
Anna von Habsburg gilt als Stammmutter der Dynastie der Habsburger in Österreich.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
[Anzeigen]
* 1 Leben
* 2 Ehe und Nachkommen
* 3 Grabstätte
* 4 Literatur
* 5 Weblinks
* 6 Siehe auch
Leben [Bearbeiten]
Gertrud von Hohenberg war die älteste Tochter des Grafen Burkhard V. von Hohenberg und dessen Ehefrau Pfalzgräfin Mechthild von Tübingen, Tochter von Pfalzgraf Rudolf II. von Tübingen.
Ehe und Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]
Gertrud heiratete um 1253 im Elsass Graf Rudolf von Habsburg, Sohn des Grafen Albrecht IV. von Habsburg und dessen Gemahlin Gräfin Heilwig von Kyburg.
Zwanzig Jahre lang war Gertrud von Hohenberg eine brave Burggräfin und hielt das Hauswesen zusammen. Am 1. Oktober 1273 wählten die Kurfürsten ihren Mann, den Grafen Rudolf IV. von Habsburg, in Frankfurt am Main einstimmig zum deutschen König. Nach der Krönung in Aachen nannte sie sich Königin Anna.
Aus dieser Ehe gingen vierzehn Kinder hervor (sechs Söhne, acht Töchter), unter anderem:
* Mathilde (1253–1304) ∞ 1273 in Heidelberg mit Ludwig II., dem Strengen, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein und Herzog in Bayern
* Albrecht I. (1255–1308) ∞ 1276 in Wien mit Elisabeth von Kärnten, Görz und Tirol
* Katharina (1256–1282) ∞ 1279 in Wien mit Otto III., Herzog von Niederbayern
* Agnes Gertrud (1257–1322) ∞ 1273 in Wittenberg mit Albrecht II. von Anhalt, Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg
* Hedwig (1259–1303) ∞ 1279 in Lehnin mit Otto IV., Markgraf von Brandenburg
* Klementia (1262–1293) ∞ 1281 in Neapel mit Karl Martell, Titularkönig von Ungarn. Sohn von Karl II. von Neapel aus dem Haus Anjou.
* Hartmann (1263–1281 ertrunken) verlobt mit Prinzessin Johanna, Tochter König Eduard I. von England
* Rudolf II. (1270–1290) ∞ 1289 in Prag mit Agnes von Böhmen, Tochter König Ottokar II. Přemysl
* Guta (Jutta) (1271–1297) ∞ 1285 in Prag mit Wenzel II., König von Böhmen
* Karl (*/† 1276)
Grabstätte [Bearbeiten]
Im Chorgang des Basler Münsters befindet sich ihr Sarkophag und der ihres jüngsten Sohns Karl. Ihre Gebeine wurden 1770 ins Kloster St. Blasien verlegt; heute ruhen sie im Stift St. Paul im Lavanttal in Kärnten.
Grabmal im Basler Münster
Heutige Grabstätte in St. Paul
Literatur [Bearbeiten]
* Richard Reifenscheid: Die Habsburger.
* Hellmut Andics: Die Frauen der Habsburger.
* Constantin von Wurzbach: Anna, nach Anderen Gertrude von Hohenberg. Nr. 18. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Bd 6. Verlag L. C. Zamarski, Wien 1856–1891, S. 149 (auf Wikisource).
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]
Commons Commons: Gertrud von Hohenberg – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Siehe auch [Bearbeiten]
* Liste der Ehefrauen der römisch-deutschen Herrscher
* Stammliste der Habsburger
Normdaten: Personennamendatei (PND): 123579783
Gertrude of Hohenburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gertrude of Hohenberg)
Gertrude of Hohenburg (c. 1225 – 16 February 1281, Vienna) was the first Queen consort of Rudolph I of Germany.
[edit]Family
She was born to Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg (d. 1253) and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen.
Her paternal grandparents were Burchard IV, Count of Hohenberg and his unnamed wife. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolph II, Count palatine and his wife, a daughter of Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen.
Burchard IV was a son of Burchard III, Count of Hohenberg.
Burchard III was one of two sons of Burchard II, Count of Hohenberg. He was co-ruler with his brother Frederick, Count of Hohenberg. His brother had no known descendants and the two brothers consequently had a single successor.
Burchard II was one of five known sons of Frederick I, Count of Zollern and his wife Udachild of Urach.
Frederich I was the son of Burchard I, Count of Zollern. He was the founder of the so-called Burchardinger family line, male-line ancestors of the House of Hohenzollern.
[edit]Marriage and children
In 1245, Gertrude married Rudolph IV, Count of Habsburg. They had nine children:
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden–21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolph II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270–10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden–23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Katharina (1256–4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257–11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and became the mother of Rudolf I, Elector of Saxony.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg and left no issue.
Klementia (ca. 1262–after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Guta (13 March 1271–18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth I of Bohemia, countess of Luxembourg.
Her husband was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, largely due to the efforts of her cousin Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg. Rudolph was crowned in Aachen on 24 October 1273. She served as his Queen consort for the following eight years.
She died early in 1281. Rudolph remained a widower for three years and proceeded to marry Isabelle of Burgundy.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 32
|
https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/17306/lot/7/
|
en
|
1281), he wearing flowered green doublet with gold buttons and embroidery and a white lace ruff, she wearing black dress with white lace ruff, pearl necklace and earrings, her brown hair upswept benea
|
https://images1.bonhams.com/image?src=Images/live/2009-04/16/7812265-5-3.jpg&bottom=0.86333333&width=960
|
[
"https://www.bonhams.com/media/assets/svg/logo.svg",
"https://images1.bonhams.com/image?src=Images/live/2009-04/16/7812265-5-1.jpg&bottom=0.86333333&width=640&height=480&autosizefit=1",
"https://images1.bonhams.com/image?src=Images/live/2009-04/16/7812265-5-3.jpg&bottom=0.86333333&width=960",
"https://images1.bonhams.com/image?src=Images/live/2009-04/16/7812265-5-2.jpg&bottom=0.85666666&width=960",
"https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/17306/lot/7/[[ image_url(head_image.url) ]]",
"https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/17306/lot/7/[[ image_url(head_image.url) ]]",
"https://www.bonhams.com/media/assets/img/qrcode.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"art auction",
"antiquarian",
"antique",
"antiques",
"antiquities",
"valuation",
"arms",
"armour",
"armour",
"art",
"Art Deco",
"asian art",
"auction",
"auction house",
"auctions",
"auctioneers",
"autographics",
"automobilia",
"Bonhams",
"Bonhams & Butterfields",
"Bonhams & Goodmans",
"books",
"Brooks",
"buying art",
"Cartier",
"ceramics",
"classic",
"coins",
"collectable",
"collectibles",
"contemporary",
"crystal",
"cubism",
"drawing",
"drawings",
"engraving",
"etching",
"fine art",
"first editions",
"entertainment",
"fishing",
"frames",
"furniture",
"Galle",
"glass",
"Glenginings",
"Goodmans",
"Impressionist",
"Islamic art",
"jewellery",
"jewellery",
"maps",
"manuscripts",
"medal",
"memorabilia",
"models",
"motorbike",
"motorcar",
"motorcycle",
"musical instruments",
"online auction",
"online auctions",
"Oriental carpets",
"Oriental rugs",
"painting",
"paintings",
"Persian carpets",
"Persian rugs",
"piano",
"photographs",
"pop",
"porcelain",
"portrait miniatures",
"prints",
"probate",
"rare",
"rare books",
"Rococco",
"scientific instrument",
"sculpture",
"silver",
"stamps",
"textiles",
"tribal art",
"topographic",
"toys",
"valuation",
"vase",
"Warhol",
"watch",
"watches",
"watercolours",
"works of art",
"London auction house",
"fine art",
"art and antique",
"art & antiques",
"fine",
"arts",
"America",
"USA",
"UK",
"Circle of Frans Pourbus (Flemish",
"1569-1622) A pair of portraits of Rudolph I of Germany (1218-1291) and Gertrude of Hohenberg (c.1225-1281)",
"he wearing flowered green doublet with gold buttons and embroidery and a white lace ruff",
"she wearing black dress with white lace ruff",
"pearl necklace and earrings",
"her brown hair upswept beneath a black hat with plaited band"
] | null |
[] | null |
Bonhams Fine Art Auctioneers & Valuers: auctioneers of art, pictures, collectables and motor cars
|
en
|
https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/17306/lot/7/
|
ALL BIDDERS MUST AGREE THAT THEY HAVE READ AND UNDERSTOOD BONHAMS' CONDITIONS OF SALE AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THEM, AND AGREE TO PAY THE BUYER'S PREMIUM AND ANY OTHER CHARGES MENTIONED IN THE NOTICE TO BIDDERS. THIS AFFECTS THE BIDDERS LEGAL RIGHTS.
If you have any complaints or questions about the Conditions of Sale, please contact your nearest client services team.
For all Sales categories, buyer's premium excluding Cars, Motorbikes, Wine, Whisky and Coin & Medal sales, will be as follows:
Buyer's Premium Rates
28% on the first £40,000 of the hammer price;
27% of the hammer price of amounts in excess of £40,000 up to and including £800,000;
21% of the hammer price of amounts in excess of £800,000 up to and including £4,500,000;
and 14.5% of the hammer price of any amounts in excess of £4,500,000.
A 3rd party bidding platform fee of 4% of the Hammer Price for Buyers using the following bidding platforms will be added to the invoices of successful Buyers for auctions starting on or after 6th July 2024 – Invaluable; Live Auctioneers; The Saleroom; Lot-tissimo.
VAT at the current rate of 20% will be added to the Buyer's Premium and charges excluding Artists Resale Right.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 30
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Albert_I_of_Germany
|
en
|
Albert I of Germany facts for kids
|
[
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c2/Albrecht1_habsburg.jpg/300px-Albrecht1_habsburg.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c9/Albecht_1.jpg/300px-Albecht_1.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5f/Kids_robot.svg/60px-Kids_robot.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn Albert I of Germany facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Albert_I_of_Germany
|
Albert I of Habsburg (German: Albrecht I.) (July 1255 – 1 May 1308) was a Duke of Austria and Styria from 1282 and King of Germany from 1298 until his assassination. He was the eldest son of King Rudolf I of Germany and his first wife Gertrude of Hohenberg. Sometimes referred to as 'Albert the One-eyed' because of a battle injury that left him with a hollow eye socket and a permanent snarl.
Biography
From 1273 Albert ruled as a landgrave over his father's Swabian (Further Austrian) possessions in Alsace. In 1282 his father, the first German monarch from the House of Habsburg, invested him and his younger brother Rudolf II with the duchies of Austria and Styria, which he had seized from late King Ottokar II of Bohemia and defended in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. By the 1283 Treaty of Rheinfelden his father entrusted Albert with their sole government, while Rudolf II ought to be compensated by the Further Austrian Habsburg home territories – which, however, never happened until his death in 1290. Albert and his Swabian ministeriales appear to have ruled the Austrian and Styrian duchies with conspicuous success, overcoming the resistance by local nobles.
King Rudolf I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, especially due to the objections raised by Ottokar's son King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and the plans to install Albert as successor of the assassinated King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1290 also failed. Upon Rudolf's death in 1291, the Prince-electors, fearing Albert's power and the implementation of a hereditary monarchy, chose Count Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg as King of the Romans. An uprising among his Styrian dependents compelled Albert to recognize the sovereignty of his rival and to confine himself for a time to the government of the Habsburg lands at Vienna.
He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised: In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were bothered about Adolf's attempts to gain his own power bases in the lands of Thuringia and Meissen, again led by the Bohemian king Wenceslaus II. The armies of the rival kings met at the Battle of Göllheim near Worms, where Adolf was defeated and slain. Submitting to a new election but securing the support of several influential princes by making extensive promises, he was chosen at the Imperial City of Frankfurt on 27 July 1298, and crowned at Aachen Cathedral on 24 August.
Although a hard, stern man, Albert had a keen sense of justice when his own interests were not involved, and few of the German kings possessed so practical an intelligence. He encouraged the cities, and not content with issuing proclamations against private war, formed alliances with the princes in order to enforce his decrees. The serfs, whose wrongs seldom attracted notice in an age indifferent to the claims of common humanity, found a friend in this severe monarch, and he protected even the despised and persecuted Jews. Stories of his cruelty and oppression in the Swiss cantons (cf. William Tell) did not appear until the 16th century, and are now regarded as legendary.
Albert sought to play an important part in European affairs. He seemed at first inclined to press a quarrel with the Kingdom of France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of Pope Boniface VIII to recognize his election led him to change his policy, and, in 1299, he made a treaty with King Philip IV, by which his son Rudolph was to marry Blanche, a daughter of the French king. He afterwards became estranged from Philip, but in 1303, Boniface recognized him as German king and future emperor; in return, Albert recognized the authority of the pope alone to bestow the Imperial crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without papal consent.
Albert had failed in his attempt to seize the counties of Holland and Zeeland, as vacant fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, on the death of Count John I in 1299, but in 1306 he secured the crown of Bohemia for his son Rudolph III on the death of King Wenceslaus III. He also renewed the claim made by his predecessor, Adolf, on Thuringia, and interfered in a quarrel over the succession to the Hungarian throne. The Thuringian attack ended in Albert's defeat at the Battle of Lucka in 1307 and, in the same year, the death of his son Rudolph weakened his position in eastern Europe. His action in abolishing all tolls established on the Rhine since 1250 led the Rhenish prince-archbishops and the Elector of the Palatinate to form a league against him. Aided by the Imperial cities, however, he soon crushed the rising.
He was on the way to suppress a revolt in Swabia when he was murdered on 1 May 1308, at Windisch on the Reuss, by his nephew Duke John, afterwards called "the Parricide" or "John Parricida".
Titles
Albert, by the grace of God, King of the Romans, Duke of Austria and Styria, Lord of Carniola, over the Wendish Mark and of Port Naon, Count of Habsburg and Kyburg, Landgrave of Alsace
Marriage and children
In 1274, Albert had married Elizabeth, daughter of Count Meinhard II of Tyrol, who was a descendant of the Babenberg margraves of Austria who predated the Habsburgs' rule. The baptismal name Leopold, patron saint margrave of Austria, was given to one of their sons. Queen Elizabeth was in fact better connected to mighty German rulers than her husband: she was a descendant of earlier German kings, including Emperor Henry IV; she was also a niece of the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria, Austria's important neighbor.
Albert and Elizabeth had twelve children:
Anna (1275, Vienna – 19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
in Graz c. 1295 to Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel;
in Breslau 1310 to Henry VI the Good, Duke of Wrocław.
Agnes (18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
Rudolph III (c. 1282 – 4 July 1307, Horažďovice) married but line extinct and predeceased his father.
Elizabeth (1285 – 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
Frederick I (1289 – 13 January 1330, Gutenstein) married but line extinct.
Leopold I (4 August 1290 – 28 February 1326, Strassburg) married, had issue.
Catherine (1295 – 18 January 1323, Naples), married Charles, Duke of Calabria in 1316.
Albert II (12 December 1298, Vienna – 20 July 1358, Vienna).
Henry the Gentle (1299 – 3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur) married but line extinct.
Meinhard (1300 – 1301), died in infancy.
Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna – 26 February 1339, Vienna) married but line extinct.
Jutta (1302 – 5 March 1329), married Ludwig V, Count of Öttingen in Baden, 26 March 1319.
Sources
Citations:
Albert I of Germany
Born: 1255 Died: 1308 Regnal titles Preceded by
Rudolph IV Count of Habsburg
1291–1308
with Rudolph VI (1298–1307) Succeeded by
Leopold I Preceded by
Adolf King of Germany
1298–1308 Succeeded by
Henry VII Margrave of Meissen
1298–1307
with Theodoric II (1291–1307)
Frederick I (1291–1323) Succeeded by
Frederick II Preceded by
Rudolph I Duke of Austria and Styria
1282–1308
with Rudolph II (1282–83)
Rudolph III (1298–1307) Succeeded by
Frederick the Fair
See also
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 85
|
https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/hausburg-s-house.html
|
en
|
HAUSBURG'S HOUSE
|
[
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/cipciop.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/10726455_980283038655383_601056573_n.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/uytre.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/1898243_10203528945410327_1857519292_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/ghtreppemairienancyfamilie.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/catno320--thehabsburgfamilygatherstocelebratezit2.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/h_01450908.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/754px-habsburglotaringiai_jzsef_fherceg_csaldja_krben.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/koenig_rudolf_i._grabplatte_im_dom_zu_speyer_lithografie_1820_teaser.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/cusersbaranzoniapictures13_00_00-maximillian-i-imperatore-del-messico.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/cusersbaranzoniapicturesmonument.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/297461_2613495182716_1385648317_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/lkjg.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/eperilsitodisisitumblr_mmns5khevm1qzjmo0o1_500.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/gfds.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/12578748185icn46.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/casert.jpg#gallery",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/550793_4127829240121_1051002837_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/eperilsitodisisi425655_130465583778710_406194652_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/421698_3535899002235_1415138639_33335169_1592990986_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/lkj.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/317255_441093029259051_862038426_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/602349_4741128172211_225562348_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/396243_4887133062242_1448624376_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/nbvc.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/sisi1853.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/378070_2612035786232_1415138639_32931822_357801404_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/kaiserpaarimfamilienkreis.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/311713_2612037466274_1415138639_32931826_579241976_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/300px-erzsebet_kiralyne_photo_rabending.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/1622190_10203266046678023_1061386801_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/pizap.com14037956393241.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/kaiserin_elisabeth_von_sterreich-ungarnenlimperatrice_elisabeth_dautriche-818700.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/230572_4702327802226_766686592_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/tumblr_m0wbwqtqht1qmsr7wo1_500.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/4094028164_64df3c9055.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/bvcsa.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/sisi_ut_magyar_vegleges.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/empress_sisi_by_velkokneznamaria.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/choix-06.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/mhtyu.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/185182_4557684946245_94780027_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/550620_4160807624560_1604769633_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/eperilsitodisisi61300_130465620445373_504675796_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/550793_4127829240121_1051002837_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/pizap.com14037978590696.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/551010_3681999574658_1415138639_33398406_1381933185_n.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/eperilsitodisisiindex3.jpg",
"https://sisiandaround.altervista.org/alterpages/medium/cusersbaranzoniapicturesf_wolf1.jpg"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/sQdOXJDFuyA",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/b43CU3_2xyQ",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/8OiMkLecLRw",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/8OiMkLecLRw",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/3scePhdQYnY",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q5qkqErTnlo"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
The Jewels of the Austrian Empire
The Jewels of the Austrian Empire
In all European monarchies that draw from the beginning form of reality uninazionali is a group of precious objects owned by the state which is used for the coronation of the Sovereign, and that is handed down from one generation to demonstrate the transfer of power universally recognized the Church and the People. In principle, these objects are: -the Crown the Rod--Globe -Sword. These essential elements are also emblems of temporal power made the sacred anointing church, sometimes, as in the case of England, over time you add other complementary objects, which can be armlets (bracelets), rings, collars, all in gold and precious stones, each of which is invested with particular meanings. In the tenth century , Austria was in the hands of Babemberg form of the Duchy , and from them it passed to the Habsburg Archduke first , then monarchs until 1806 . So , with the union of the crowns of Austria and Hungary , it created the Austro-Hungarian Empire .From the ninth to the sixteenth century, the Crown used in Austria to crown the king (it seems that the coronation liturgy had begun in 960 ) was the so-called "Crown Ottonian ," a crown of medieval buildings , preserved in the Schatzkammer Kunsthistoriches Museum in Vienna .It has eight segments , the four largest - the highest of all is the central front - studded with precious stones , and four smaller ones , alternating with them, on which they are made , multicolored enamel , scenes from the Old Testament . On the front panel central gemstones are twelve , how the Apostles , while in the back are engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. Inside is also engraved with a prayer that the rulers give thanks to God for a long life and victories over their enemies . This crown is the pride of the Ottonian dynasty that boasts membership of a divine right monarchy .In the sixteenth century, King Rudolf II ordered the construction of the new Crown Jewels , in imitation of those of England.The Austro-Hungarian Empire , heir to the Holy Roman Empire by the will of its own sovereign , retained over time the Crown, the Sceptre , the Orb and Sword , which had belonged to the Austrian monarchy and that, although most times properly restored, are reached almost intact to our times, and can be seen in the Schatzkammer KunsthinstorischeMuseum in Vienna. They are, however, represented in the emblem of the Austrian Empire : the Eagle Bicep, which bears the Crown, the Orb , the Sceptre , the Sword and the collar of the Golden Fleece .Crown , orb, scepter and sword hilt are characteristic of the era in which they were created : the gold is shiny ornaments are in pearls and enamels with some precious stones , including sapphires placed on top of the globe , the scepter and hilt of the sword , apparently coeval . It is precious objects made in the sixteenth century , many of which you know the name of the author.The Crown was made in Prague by a master jeweler well known , Jan Vermeyen , for the Emperor Rudolf II of Hapsburg ruler who reigned from 1576 to 1612 , the year he died, almost crazy, and already in 1594 replaced by his brother Matthias ruled in his place as regent . In the early years of the reign of Rudolf II had shown a particular tendency to appreciate the beautiful in art, and , even when his mind had not been attacked by the terrible disease of insanity, he was one of the first sovereigns who had cultivated in his time the taste of collecting special items , unique and rare or for which there was only one specimen , found in nature or produced by skillful interpretations of the jewelers of the time, but also by painters or sculptors who created the design and then avail themselves of ' work of the famous goldsmiths to make them realize gold , pearls often baroque - and - precious stones such as spinel - raw for a long time considered a ruby - that adorns the front of the Crown.Rudolph II , as Ferdinand of Tyrol and Francesco I de ' Medici, was one of the first rulers to collect beautiful objects in their own Wunderkammer or bizarre , unique and refined collected or brought in from far away places of the Earth, alternating the " natural products " to " artificialia . " For a teacher of Prague, Andreas Osenbruck , you should instead Orb and Sceptre , decorated with enamels, precious stones such as rubies, sapphires , diamonds and bearing carrés , pearls, and surmounted by an oval sapphire both .Insignia of investiture was also part of the imperial mantle , which is also in the Schatzkammer .An emblematic image of the insignia of the endowment can be considered the painting depicting the Kaiser Franz I (1768/1835) in the day of his consecration . In the picture are all the elements mentioned above, and also the collar of the Golden Fleece . The Collar of the Golden Fleece The Golden Fleece was an award - the maximum that could be assigned to the monarchs and the Grand Master of the Sovereign Order of Malta - instituted January 10, 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy on the occasion of his marriage to Isabella of Portugal. It consisted of a pendant of gold, which you could hang on a chain or a collar , which represented the mythical Golden Fleece , the same as the Argonauts had tried to help Jason to get his kingdom , according to Greek Mythology . This honor was granted to the sovereign , rehearsed together and based on the criteria of brotherhood and mutual solidarity , defending the Christian religion extolling the Cavalry . And as it was said that the Argonauts were fifty , so the sovereign awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece could not be more than many , and only if someone was dying another could be called to fill his place. The Order had its parallel in the assumptions that are instituted between the mythical search for the Golden Fleece and the Holy Grail . The Duke of Burgundy had therefore chosen a pagan myth to illustrate a Christian Order .The Austrian Emperors were hereditarily awarded the Golden Fleece that was imposed on them at the time of the coronation .Women, too , as a sovereign state not - necessarily - queens or empresses were awarded the Golden Fleece. Other jewelery linked to the imperial office were worn by the Emperors of Austria, including those of the so-called Crown of St. Stephen , which is the crown jewels of Hungary , during the unification of the two kingdoms of Austria and Hungary that gave rise to the Austro -Hungarian Empire.
From the site: http://http://www.unarosadoro.com/gioielliimperoaustria.html
Otto and Regina von Habsburg at their golden wedding anniversary during the celebration in Nancy, France on Mai 10th 2001.
Empress Zita in her 95th Anniversary of her Birthday with her with his eldest son Otto and his wife, the other children and wives; grandchildren
Habsburg Wedding in Bad Ischl : Magdalena Habsburg-Lothringen and Sebastian Bergmann
Habsburg wedding shows: Bad Ischl lives well by the Emperor
BAD ISCHL. In the imperial town of Bad Ischl married on Saturday Magdalena Habsburg-Lothringen her fiancé Sebastian Bergmann. A sentiment report shows: The Ischler know how much they owe to the Emperor Franz Joseph.
Habsburgs in Bad Ischl: Today Magdalena Habsburg-Lothringen and Sebastian Bergmann married. The loyalty to the Emperor of the people in Bad Ischl is legendary - but it has solid reasons.
The Austrian Social Democrats implemented in 1919 by the abolition of titles of nobility. Nevertheless, Markus Habsburg-Lothringen (68), great-grandson of the emperor and owner of the Imperial Villa in Bad Ischl consistently dubbed the "Archduke". Also of SP-Mayor Hannes Heide. The fact that on the birthday of the Emperor Franz Joseph I annually anthem is sung at Mass in the parish church, also understands Republic of itself or not.
In the Salzkammergut Bad Ischl are often denigrated because of these quirks as the "Kaiser-ass". But they are as loyal to the House of Habsburg actually arise?
Ischl owes much to the Emperor
First of all: Monarchist efforts there are not at the headwaters of the River Traun. They would also never have been possible in the rebellious Salzkammergut.
But know the Ischler how much they owe Emperor Franz Joseph. The monarch has its small town transformed by his annual visits to a sophisticated imperial metropolis. In the slipstream of the Emperor came aristocracy, upper middle class and Jewish intelligence and expressed their mark on the place. You can see it Bad Ischl to this day, and that can be touristy still wonderful marketable.
Around 360,000 overnight stays recorded the city annually. More than 50,000 visitors are counted per season Alone in the Imperial Villa. "90 percent of my passengers want to Imperial Villa," says Andreas Hödlmoser, horse-drawn carriage in downtown. From the tensile force of the emperor but not only benefited the tourism itself, but the entire business location. Every third euro that flow to the flourishing retail trade in the Ischler downtown, is from a holiday.
As such, it is understandable that the ratio of the Ischler to the house of Habsburg is less influenced by emotions than by business sense. However, what is true for both sides. "We work closely with the Habsburg family," says mayor Heide. "The Imperial Villa and the Emperor Park will play central functions, for example, at the State Garden Show next year. Benefit even run both sides."
Your most magnificent monument not dedicated Ischler the way to the Emperor, but Dr. Franz Wirer. The Viennese physician, who, in the early 19th century convinced the imperial family from the healing effect of the Ischler brine water. The Carpenter have him be eternally grateful.
Wedding in Bad Ischl
Today, 14 clock, married Magdalena Habsburg-Lothringen (great-granddaughter of Emperor Franz Joseph) and Sebastian Bergmann. The wedding ceremony takes place in the parish church of St. Nicholas in Bad Ischl. At 13.45 clock the bridal couple is expected. After the ceremony we go with the carriage to the Imperial Villa.
From site :http://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/society/Habsburg-Hochzeit-zeigt-es-Bad-Ischl-lebt-gut-vom-Kaiser;art411,1446546
The Hungarian branch of Habsburg
The Hungarian branch of Habsburg
After the departure of the Ottomans, the Austrians dominated the Hungarian Kingdom. The Hungarians' renewed desire for an independent Hungary brought about Rákóczi's War for Independence. On of the most important reasons for the war were new and higher taxes. Francis II Rákóczi was a Hungarian noble, son of Ilona Zrínyi the legendary heroine and regent of Transylvania who led a three year anti-Austrian rebellion (Molnár 2001, 131). Rákóczi spent part of his youth in Austrian captivity. His troops were called the Kurucs, or crusaders. Initially, the Kuruc army attained several important victories due to their superior skilled light cavalry. Their weapons were mostly pistols, light saber and fokos (axes). At the Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705), Kuruc general János Bottyán decisively defeated the Austrian army. The famous Hungarian colonel Ádám Balogh nearly captured the Emperor of Austria. In 1708, the Habsburgs finally defeated the main Hungarian army at Battle of Trencin. This weakened the effectiveness of the Kuruc army. While the Hungarians were exhausted by the fighting, the Austrians defeated the French army in the War of the Spanish Succession then sent more and more troops to Hungary against the rebels from West.
The next ruler of Hungary was the Austrian Emperor Charles VI, who settled numerous Vlach ethnic groups in Transylvania. From this time on, the designation Royal Hungary was abandoned, and the area was once again referred to as the Kingdom of Hungary. Throughout the eighteenth century, the Kingdom of Hungary had its own Diet (parliament) and constitution, but the members of the Governor's Council (Helytartótanács, the office of the palatine were appointed by the Habsburg monarch, and the superior economic institution, the Hungarian Chamber, was directly subordinated to the Court Chamber in Vienna. The Hungarian Language reform started under reign of Joseph II. The reform age of Hungary was initiated by István Széchenyi a Hungarian count, who built one of the greatest bridges of Hungary the Széchenyi Chain Bridge, founded the Hungarian Academy of Sciences which he also financed.
The official language of the Kingdom of Hungary remained Latin until 1844. Then, between 1844 and 1849, and from 1867, Hungarian became the official language.
The European revolutions of 1848 swept Hungary as well. The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 sought to redress the long suppressed desire for political change, namely independence. The Hungarian National Guard was created by young Hungarian patriots in 1848. In literature, this was best expressed by the greatest poet of the Revolution, Sándor PetÅfi. One of the most famous battles was on September 29, 1848, at the Battle of Pákozd. When Serbs attacked the Hungarians in the South, a great general called ErnÅ Kiss stopped three Serbian regiments with only 72 hussars.
As war broke out with Austria, Hungarian military successes, which included the brilliant campaigns of the great Hungarian general, Artúr Görgey, forced the Austrians on the defensive. Fearing defeat, the Austrians pleaded for Russian help, which, combined with Austrian forces, quelled the revolution. The desired political changes of 1848 were again suppressed until the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
Austria-Hungary
Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Habsburg Empire became the "dual monarchy" of Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The Austro-Hungarian economy changed dramatically during the existence of the dual monarchy. Technological change accelerated industrialization and urbanization. The capitalist way of production spread throughout the Empire during its fifty-year existence and obsolete medieval institutions continued to disappear. By the early twentieth century, most of the Empire began to experience rapid economic growth. The GNP per capita grew roughly 1.45 percent per year from 1870 to 1913. That level of growth compared very favorably to that of other European nations such as Britain (1.00 percent), France (1.06 percent), and Germany (1.51 percent).
The historic lands of the Hungarian Crown (the Kingdom of Hungary proper, to which Transylvania was soon incorporated, and Croatia-Slavonia, which maintained a distinct identity and a certain internal autonomy), was granted equal status with the rest of the Habsburg monarchy. Each of the two states comprising Austria-Hungary exercised considerable independence, with certain institutions, notably the reigning house, defense, foreign affairs, and finances for common expenditures, remained under joint management. This arrangement lasted until 1918, when the Central Powers were defeated in World War I.
The new borders set in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon, ceded 72 percent of the historically Hungarian territory of the Kingdom of Hungary to the neighboring states. The beneficiaries were Romania, and the newly formed states of Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. This left millions of ethnic Hungarians outside the new borders, contrary to the terms laid out by United States President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, which had honored the ethnic makeup of the territories.
Kingdom of Hungary between 1920-1944
After the pullout of occupation forces in 1920, the country went into civil conflict, with Hungarian anti-communists and monarchists purging the nation of communists, leftists and of others they thought represented a threat. Later in 1920, a coalition of right-wing political forces united, and reinstated Hungary's status as a constitutional monarchy. Selection of the new King was delayed due to civil infighting, and a regent was appointed to represent the monarchy, former Austro-Hungarian navy admiral Miklós Horthy.
The Kingdom of Hungary, which existed from 1920 to 1944, was a de facto regency under Regent Miklós Horthy, who officially represented the abdicated Hungarian monarchy. Attempts by Charles IV King of Hungary (Charles I of Austria, the last Habsburg, to return to the throne, were prevented by threats of war from neighboring countries, and by lack of support from Horthy.
The post-World War I Hungarian state was conceived of as a "kingdom without a king," since there was no consensus on either who should take the throne of Hungary, or what form of government should replace the monarchy. The first ten years of this reinstated kingdom saw increased repression of the Hungarian minorities, uncharacteristic of Hungary's historical legacy. Limits on the number of Jews permitted to go to university were placed, and corporal punishment was legalized. Under the leadership of Prime Minister István Bethlen, democracy dissipated as Bethlen manipulated elections in rural areas which allowed his political party, the Party of Unity to win elections repeatedly. Bethlen pushed for the revision of the Treaty of Trianon, but after the collapse of the Hungarian economy between 1929 to 1931, the national uproar pushed Bethlen to resign. When Gyula Gömbös became Prime Minister in 1932, he allied Hungary with Germany. He was the first head of government to visit Adolf Hitler following Hitler's rise to power. Gömbös introduced anti-Jewish legislation and took Hungary into World War II on the side of the Axis Powers.
In 1944, Horthy appointed an anti-fascist Prime Minister who attempted a defection to the Allied powers. However, the Hungarian army ignored an armistice signed on October 15, 1944 with the Soviets and continued to fight. This resulted in Hungary being occupied and dissolved by Nazi Germany, and replaced by a briefly-existing puppet state. In January 1955, the Soviets entered and occupied Hungary. By 1949 a Soviet-satellite state, the People's Republic of Hungary, had been established. However, during 1956 a revolt took place in favor of democracy and freedom which was crushed when the Soviet sent troops into Hungary. When the Soviet-bloc collapsed in 1989, the democratic Republic of Hungary replaced the communist state. The Republic of Hungary joined the European Union in 2004.
Legacy
In today's Hungary, the Kingdom of Hungary is regarded as one long stage in the development of the state. This sense of continuity is reflected in the republic's national symbols, holidays, official language, and the capital city of the country and in the short form of the country's name in Hungarian, (Magyarország) the same. The millennium of the Hungarian statehood was commemorated in 2000, and codified by the Millennium Act of 2000.
One significant legacy of the Kingdom of Hungary that continues to impact the modern nation-state of Hungary is that Hungary is a bridge between East and West while "International migration has played a crucial role in Hungary's history since its foundation as a state in the 10th century." A key feature of Hungary is that it is "a sending, transit, and destination country for migration." Judit Juhász comments:
Hungary's special characteristics are rooted in this history of fluid borders, as well as the strong migratory tendencies of people of Hungarian ancestry who are citizens of neighboring countries. Today, mainly as a result of these factors, roughly three million ethnic Hungarians live in nearby countries. The country's geographical location, which has placed it in the path of important European events, is also key. Moreover, the current nature of Hungary's economy and society, which are in transition, offers special opportunities to migrants, especially those from eastern Europe.[1]
Although during the period of Habsburg domination many Hungarians of Magyar descent resented what amounted to a Germanization process and despite the anti-Jewish measures introduced under the Fascists, Hungary has a proud and long history of recognizing all who are loyal to the state as Hungarian, regardless of ethnicity. Even during the Soviet period, Hungary maintained a Jewish seminary, the only one East of the Berlin Wall.[2] Situated on the border of East and West, the Hungarian space seen occupation, invasion, foreign rule and civilizational conflict. Yet, Hungary has also served as a cultural bridge, often maintaining relations with both the East and the West. Hungarians have almost always refused to divide the world into "us" and "them" with the former representing good and the latter evil. Hungarians have tended to see humanity as one family, favoring cooperation and unity over conflict, even though their sensitive geo-political location has seen a great deal of the latter.
from site : http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kingdom_of_Hungary
Rudolf I the first Emperor
Rudolf I the first Emperor
Rudolf I (also known as Rudolf of Habsburg) (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin: Rudolphus, Czech: Rudolf Habsburský) (1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291) was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. Rudolf was the first of the count-kings, so-called by the historian Bernd Schneidmüller.
He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg dynasty to a leading position among the Imperial feudal dynasties. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria, territories that would remain under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years and would form the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria.
Early life
Rudolf was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg, and was born at Limburg Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region. At his father's death in 1239, he inherited large estates from him around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. As a result, he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in the Imperial Kingdom of Italy, especially in the Lombardy region, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
Rise to power
The disorder in Germany during the interregnum after the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty afforded an opportunity for Count Rudolf to increase his possessions. His wife was a Hohenberg heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle, Count Hartmann IV of Kyburg in 1264, he also seized his valuable estates. Successful feuds with the Bishops of Strasbourg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolf the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal Duchy of Swabia had disintegrated, leaving room for its vassals to become quite independent) when, in the autumn of 1273, the prince-electors met to choose a king after Richard of Cornwall had died in England in April 1272. Rudolf's election in Frankfurt on 1 October 1273,[1] when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, the Hohenzollern burgrave Frederick III of Nuremberg. The support of Duke Albert II of Saxony and Elector Palatine Louis II had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolf's daughters.
As a result, within the electoral college, King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1230–1278), himself a candidate for the throne and related to the late Hohenstaufen king Philip of Swabia (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Rudolf. Other candidates were Prince Siegfried I of Anhalt and Margrave Frederick I of Meissen (1257–1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Frederick II, who however did not yet even have a principality of his own as his father still lived. By the admission of Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria instead of the King of Bohemia as 7th elector,[2] Rudolf gained all seven votes.
King of Germany
Rudolf was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolf renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, in spite of Ottokar II of Bohemia's protests, not only recognised Rudolf himself, but persuaded King Alfonso X of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German (anti-)king in 1257 as the successor to Count William II of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolf surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty that he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274 it was decided by the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg that all crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that King Ottokar II must answer to the Diet for not recognising the new king. Ottokar refused to appear or to restore the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia with the March of Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Margrave Hermann VI of Baden. Rudolf refuted Ottokar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the Imperial crown due to the lack of male-line heirs (a position that however conflicted with the provisions of the Austrian Privilegium Minus). King Ottokar was placed under the imperial ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him.
Having persuaded Ottokar's former ally Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria to switch sides, Rudolf compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then re-invested Ottokar with the Kingdom of Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Ottokar's son Wenceslaus II, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Ottokar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, made an alliance with some Piast chiefs of Poland, and procured the support of several German princes, again including Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolf formed an alliance with King Ladislaus IV of Hungary and gave additional privileges to the Vienna citizens. On 26 August 1278, the rival armies met at the Battle on the Marchfeld, where Ottokar was defeated and killed. The March of Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolf's representatives, leaving Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Slavonia, in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus II was again betrothed to Rudolf's youngest daughter Judith.
Rudolf's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, in Augsburg, Rudolf invested his sons, Albert and Rudolf II, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, a merely titular dignity, as the duchy had been without an actual ruler since Conradin's execution.[citation needed] The 27-year-old Duke Albert, married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (1238–95), was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286 King Rudolf fully invested the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the provinces conquered from Ottokar, to Albert's father-in-law Count Meinhard. The Princes of the Empire did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too. Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Count Philip I of Savoy to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing, and in 1289 marched against Count Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281 Rudolf's first wife died. On 5 February 1284, he married Isabella, daughter of Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy, the Empire's western neighbor in the Kingdom of France.
Rudolf was not very successful in restoring internal peace. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole Empire. But the king lacked the power, resources, or determination, to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia where he destroyed a number of robber-castles. In 1291, he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. However, the electors refused claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, wary of the increasing power of the House of Habsburg. Upon Rudolf's death they elected Count Adolf of Nassau.
Death
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern parts of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of the Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
In the Divine Comedy, Dante finds Rudolf sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with his contemporaries, and berates him as "he who neglected that which he ought to have done".
Family and children
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden – 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Katharina (1256 – 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257 – 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxony and became the mother of Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262 – after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden – 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau[disambiguation needed].
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 – 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Guta (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271 – 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anne of Bohemia (1290–1313), duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330), countess of Luxembourg.
Charles (1276–1276)
Rudolf's last agnatic descendant was Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress (1717–1780), by Albert I of Germany's fourth son Albert II, Duke of Austria.
From site : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany
the Habsburgs last period of the rule
The failed Emperor of Mexico
The failed Emperor of Mexico
Ay dios mio! A Habsburg left Europe to become emperor in Mexico, but it didn’t end muy bien for him.
We are well, thank God, and are becoming more and more accustomed to the local situation and way of life. There is an enormous amount of work to be done, but one does it gladly because one sees that it is appreciated with gratitude. For the moment there can be no talk of constitutional experiments. The good people must first learn to obey before they can be allowed a say in politics. I am trying to proceed calmly and to avoid acting rashly.
— Maximilian in a letter of 10 July 1864 A Habsburg empire in America? Yes, there was such a thing, albeit for only a few years. When in 1863 Emperor Napoleon III offered Franz Joseph’s younger brother Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian the chance to become Emperor of Mexico, the ambitious archduke found it an attractive prospect. However, what he was not in a position to know was that the throne was only being offered him on behalf of a small minority of clerical-conservative Mexicans supported by French troops of occupation. When Maximilian arrived in 1864, he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico in the face of great popular resistance.
His vision of being welcomed to Mexico by jubilant crowds was to remain an unfulfilled dream – on the contrary, he found himself confronted with a lawfully instituted republican government embroiled in a civil war. This explains why two Mexican flags were used at that time: the republican flag, which is similar to the present-day version, and the imperial flag with a crowned eagle as a symbol of the empire. French withdrawal from Mexico spelled Maximilian’s end: in 1867, as the representatives of unsuccessful French power politics, he and two of his generals were condemned to death by a court martial and shot. However, there were rumours that the short-term Emperor of Mexico was not in fact executed but lived on in El Salvador under the name Justo Armas.
The brief interlude during which Maximilian was Emperor of Mexico was based on an entirely erroneous assessment of international interests and power constellations in America. In order to take part in the experiment, he not only had to renounce all claims to power in Austria but also became the victim of French interference in Mexico’s internal affairs. Maximilian is still commemorated in a statue erected in front of Hietzing parish church by the palace gardens at Schönbrunn shortly after his execution. He had built himself a villa nearby, in the street later named the Maxingstrasse in his memory.
It remains to be noted that Maximilian was not the only Habsburg to have ended up in American for ‘professional’ reasons: an archduchess named Leopoldine became Empress of Brazil.
Stephan Gruber
From site : http://www.habsburger.net/de/node/7263
The failed Emperor of Mexico
Ay dios mio! A Habsburg left Europe to become emperor in Mexico, but it didn’t end muy bien for him.
We are well, thank God, and are becoming more and more accustomed to the local situation and way of life. There is an enormous amount of work to be done, but one does it gladly because one sees that it is appreciated with gratitude. For the moment there can be no talk of constitutional experiments. The good people must first learn to obey before they can be allowed a say in politics. I am trying to proceed calmly and to avoid acting rashly.
— Maximilian in a letter of 10 July 1864 A Habsburg empire in America? Yes, there was such a thing, albeit for only a few years. When in 1863 Emperor Napoleon III offered Franz Joseph’s younger brother Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian the chance to become Emperor of Mexico, the ambitious archduke found it an attractive prospect. However, what he was not in a position to know was that the throne was only being offered him on behalf of a small minority of clerical-conservative Mexicans supported by French troops of occupation. When Maximilian arrived in 1864, he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico in the face of great popular resistance.
His vision of being welcomed to Mexico by jubilant crowds was to remain an unfulfilled dream – on the contrary, he found himself confronted with a lawfully instituted republican government embroiled in a civil war. This explains why two Mexican flags were used at that time: the republican flag, which is similar to the present-day version, and the imperial flag with a crowned eagle as a symbol of the empire. French withdrawal from Mexico spelled Maximilian’s end: in 1867, as the representatives of unsuccessful French power politics, he and two of his generals were condemned to death by a court martial and shot. However, there were rumours that the short-term Emperor of Mexico was not in fact executed but lived on in El Salvador under the name Justo Armas.
The brief interlude during which Maximilian was Emperor of Mexico was based on an entirely erroneous assessment of international interests and power constellations in America. In order to take part in the experiment, he not only had to renounce all claims to power in Austria but also became the victim of French interference in Mexico’s internal affairs. Maximilian is still commemorated in a statue erected in front of Hietzing parish church by the palace gardens at Schönbrunn shortly after his execution. He had built himself a villa nearby, in the street later named the Maxingstrasse in his memory.
It remains to be noted that Maximilian was not the only Habsburg to have ended up in American for ‘professional’ reasons: an archduchess named Leopoldine became Empress of Brazil.
Stephan Gruber
From site : http://www.habsburger.net/de/node/7263
THE HOUSE OF HABSBURGS ......... where homeless goshawk .
BACKGROUND: It seems to me that now is the momeno albeit certainly not a historian but rather by professional shall amateur admirer we try to trace the origins and the history of this family is very important for European history ..... beyond that was the lineage of the husband of Elizabeth Duchess in Bavaria, Empress of Austria as well. This noble family involved, become once very powerful, and sometimes decided the fate of Europe ...... overwhelmed by the times changed cmq in slow agony of the branch that ruled Austria as well as the foundations were laid the foundation pe ril our world is with regard to the culura, science, medicine, philosophy, etc. .......... Come to think of it seems a paradox that statement because if the last Emperor Franz Joseph locked himself inside the world just did not want to recognize and adapt to the changes that took place, however, without his consent ........... ...... the fact remains that in this melting pot of Death of a world that had had its day and the difficult birth of what was coming at the end of the origins of our company laid their roots in the distant time. (End of the introduction)
THE HOUSE HABSBURGS: The origins ........... where has the house goshawk (from Wikipedia encyclopedia) The House of Habsburg (or Hapsburg Hapsburg or Habsburg Italianization from the German), it is one of the oldest and most important royal houses in Europe. Its members were rulers in Austria as the Dukes (1282-1453), Archduke (1453-1804) and emperors (1804-1918), King of Spain (1516-1700), King of Portugal (1580-1640), and for many centuries the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire (from 1273 to 1291 and from 1298 to 1308, and finally, uninterruptedly, 1438 to 1806). The motto of the dynasty is usually interpreted as AEIOU Austriae east reign orbi universe ("it to Austria to rule the world"). The name comes from Habichtsburg (the "Castle dell'Astore"), Switzerland, which was the seat of the family in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries
ORIGINS The question of the origins of the dynasty is somewhat controversial, since, given its antiquity, is lost in the mists of time and its safe reconstruction is difficult. Nevertheless, with some now as founder of Alsace, Count Guntram the Rich, his ancestors are considered the safest Eticonidi, a powerful dynasty of Merovingian strain, descended from Eticone of Alsace. In support of this thesis, we have the actual possession of various estates in Alsace by the family until the seventeenth century and the almost certain identification of "Guntram dives", a vassal of Otto I and descendant of Eticone with Guntram the Rich, the Acta Murensia
GUTRAM THE RICH Guntram the Rich, German Guntram der Reiche (... - 26 March 973), should have been, according to the family tree compiled in 1160 and contained in the Acta Murensia, the founder of the house of Hapsburg. A native of Alsace, Count of Breisgau and Guntram was the Duke of Muri. It is believed that he was the grandfather of Radbot of Habsburg, the builder of the castle of Habsburg, from which the dynasty is named. The tradition also names a son Guntram, Lanzellino, however, the link between the rich and Guntram Lanzelin is not historically proven: it existed in fact a son named "Kanzelin", but it is uncertain whether these and Lanzellino (also called Landolt) were the same person or not. Guntram was the third son of Hugh, Count of Alsace northern and Hildegard. Belonged to the family of Alsatian Eberharde, a branch of the Etichonen. The domains were in Alsace and Breisgau, before they were stolen, along with the title of count, for high treason. If the bond between him and Lanzellino is true, he is the direct ancestor of the present royal family in Belgium, Denmark, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, as well as the princes of Liechtenstein. He is named after the town of Guntramsdorf, Lower Austria.
RADBOT OF AUSTRIA (the man who built the castle of Habsburg) Descended from Lanzellino dynasty, a vassal of Otto II, was Lord of Walls and Count of Klettgau. He married Ita, grandson of Charlemagne, who gave him Werner I of Habsburg.
The ETICONIDI Eticonidi were an illustrious family that has franca among its ancestors the Merovingian Clotaire I, son of Clovis I, King of Neustria (with capital Soissons) from 511 to 561, and for three years, the king of all the Franks from 558 to 561. The best known member of this family is Eticone (or Adalrico), Duke of Alsace during the second half of the seventh century. Eticone, also called Hetti or Adalric, married Bereswinde, sister of Sigebert III. From this union was born St. Ottilia, the patron saint of Alsace. Among the ancestors of Saint Odile: Branch maternal Fredegonda and Chilperic I, son of Clotaire I and Aregonda. Paternal: Ansbert Ferréol and Blithilde, daughter of Clotaire I and Wultrade / Vulderade. The house of Habsburg descendant of this very prestigious race of Eticonidi. As a female other prestigious European dynasties descended from the ancient Dukes of Alsace. Capetians, the Ottonian dynasty of Saxony, Margraves of Baden (cadet branch of the Habsburg dynasty), as well as the House of the Dukes of Lorraine
ETICONE Eticone-Adalrico of Alsace, also called Eticho Attich or (630 or 635 approx. - 20 February 690), was Duke of Alsazia.Eticone-Adalrico Alsace was the son of Adalrico, Duke of pagus Attoariensis and descendant of Waldelenus Aelia Flavia and her family of rigin: his mother was perhaps Hultrude of Burgundy, the daughter of Guillebaud, patrician, a descendant of several kings Burgundians and Ferréol. Can also be found among the ancestors of the Alamanni, the Romans, the Franks, the Gauls and the Burgundians, sometimes distinguished. His grandfather, the Duke Amalgarde of Dijon and his wife Aquilina Jura were founders of several monasteries and abbeys. His parents were good neighbors of the other principles, faithful allies of the different kingdoms. Jean Turckheim, in his Genealogical Tablets of illustrious houses of the Dukes of Zaeringen, [5] [citation needed]) shows, however, that the hypothesis about its origins are many and the descendants of his children except Adalbert and Etichon II is a mystery Born to the 635 in a village called pagus Attoariensis and died 20 February 690 Castle Hohenbourg. Since descending and ally of royal families and noble, Eticone-Adalrico Alsace was crowned Duke of Alsace and other regions from 662 to 689. He founded the dynasty of Eticonidi. Father of St. Ottilia, holy mistress of Alsace, is probably also the oldest ancestor of the illustrious family of the Hapsburgs. The property of Eticonidi, absolute masters of Alsace in the Middle Ages, in fact, find themselves in the hands of the Habsburgs some centuries later. Adalrico is certainly also the ancestor of Eguisheim-Dabo, the House of Baden, the House of Lorraine as well as the counts of Flanders
DESCENT OF ETICONE Santa Ottilia was born around 662 and died in Obernai to 720 Castle Hohenbourg. Eticone thought in vain to marry her to some powerful lord among his friends. XIth century to be canonized by the Pope Léon IX, and proclaimed mistress of Alsace for Pope Pius XII in 1946. After the death of Eticone, his son Adalbert Duke of Alsace, succeeds to the 655. He was also Count of Sundgau. Adalberto built the royal residence of Koenigshoffen and the abbeys of Saint-Étienne Honau and Strasbourg. Alsace was then a very powerful duchy within all'Austrasia. Gerlinde bride, daughter of Odon. Hugues Alsace was count. Hermentrude married and left three young children, perhaps because he was killed by his father. He was the founder of the monastery of Honau [19]. Eticone II Nordgau, around 670-723, Count of Nordgau, possible ancestor of the houses of Lorraine and Strasbourg, as well as the Pope Léon IX, but without this being a certainty. It is part of the monastery of Honau [20]. Bathicon or Baducon of Alsace, Count of Alsace, who died in 725. It is part of the monastery of Honau and to Wissembourg. [21] Abbey Saint-Pierre-and-Paul was founded on the site in the seventh century to the Holy Pirmin on an island in Lauter (river). The future saint, Roswinde, is the last of the daughters of the Duke Eticone. Imitated his devoted sister dedicating themselves to God in the same monastery Hohenbourg (end of part one)
|
||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 6
|
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rudolf-I/335085
|
en
|
Rudolf I
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=160638381132823&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/15510053/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=1;dc_seg=806891421",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoDesktop.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoTruncated.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/20/170820-004-E08F9407.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/96/96196-004-2539B3E8.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inspire.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inform.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-educate.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-subscribe-yellow.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Rudolf I",
"encyclopedia",
"encyclopaedia",
"article"
] | null |
[] | null |
(1218–91). Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Hapsburg, was the first German king of the Hapsburg (or Habsburg) dynasty. Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218, in Limburg-im-Breisgau…
|
en
|
/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-57c.png
|
Britannica Kids
|
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rudolf-I/335085
|
(1218–91). Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Hapsburg, was the first German king of the Hapsburg (or Habsburg) dynasty.
Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218, in Limburg-im-Breisgau (Germany). A son of a count, he inherited lands in Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau and later considerably extended his territory, in part through his first marriage (about 1245) to Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloch. In 1254 he assisted the Knights of the Teutonic Order by participating in a Crusade in Prussia.
Rudolf’s election as German king at Frankfurt was hastened by the desire of the electors to exclude an increasingly powerful rival candidate of non-German birth, Otakar II of Bohemia. Crowned king in 1273, Rudolf was recognized by Pope Gregory X only after promising to renounce imperial rights in Rome, the papal territories, and Italy. Rudolf twice defeated his rival Otakar II—in 1276 and 1278—and gained lands in Austria, which he granted to his sons.
Rudolf combated the expansionist policy of France on his western frontier by marrying (his first wife having died in 1281) Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, duke of Burgundy, and by compelling Otto IV, count palatine of Franche-Comté, to pay homage (1289). French influence at the papal court, however, prevented Rudolf from being crowned Holy Roman emperor by the pope.
Although he created the territorial core of later Hapsburg power, Rudolf was unable to make the German throne a hereditary possession of his family, because the German electors would not raise his elder son to the kingship. Rudolf died in the German city of Speyer on July 15, 1291.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 26
|
https://www.myheritage.com/names/gertrude_hohenburg
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 24
|
https://www.myheritage.com/names/gertrude_von%2520habsburg
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 87
|
https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/6033015/descendants-of-judel-yudel-knopflmacher
|
en
|
Descendants of Judel (Yudel) KNOPFLMACHER
|
[
"https://assets.yumpu.com/release/ou6ZPgO72P294QN/v5/img/logo/Yumpu_Logo_RGB.png",
"https://assets.yumpu.com/release/ou6ZPgO72P294QN/v5/img/account/document_privacy_modal/step1.png",
"https://assets.yumpu.com/release/ou6ZPgO72P294QN/v5/img/account/document_privacy_modal/step2.png",
"https://img.yumpu.com/6033015/1/500x640/descendants-of-judel-yudel-knopflmacher.jpg",
"https://assets.yumpu.com/v4/img/avatar/female-200x200.jpg",
"https://img.yumpu.com/9321599/1/190x245/descendants-of-juda-lobl-leopold-kohn-zerkowitz.jpg?quality=85",
"https://img.yumpu.com/6124466/1/190x245/descendants-of-joseph-teschner.jpg?quality=85",
"https://img.yumpu.com/6022777/1/190x245/similar.jpg?quality=85",
"https://assets.yumpu.com/release/ou6ZPgO72P294QN/v5/img/logo/yumpu-footer2x.png",
"https://assets.yumpu.com/v5/img/footer/worldmap-retina.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"alfredhanscom.tripod.com",
"born",
"knopfelmacher",
"died",
"trencin",
"notes",
"vienna",
"married",
"hungary",
"knopflmacher",
"holesov",
"descendants",
"judel",
"alfredhanscom.tripod.com"
] | null |
[
"Yumpu.com"
] | null |
Descendants of Judel (Yudel) KNOPFLMACHER
|
en
|
yumpu.com
|
https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/6033015/descendants-of-judel-yudel-knopflmacher
|
<strong>Descendants</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Judel</strong> (<strong>Yudel</strong>) <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong> Generation No. 1 1. <strong>Judel</strong> (<strong>Yudel</strong>) 1 <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong> was born Abt. 1645 in Leipnik, Moravia. He married (unknown). Notes for <strong>Judel</strong> (<strong>Yudel</strong>) <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>: Rabbi <strong>Judel</strong> Knopflmacher likely resided in the ancient town <strong>of</strong> Leipnik, Moravia. In the Knopflmacher Family Stammbaum, he is referred to as "our teacher, Rabbi <strong>Yudel</strong>". No further information about him is known. Child <strong>of</strong> <strong>Judel</strong> <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong> and (unknown) is: + 2 i. Joachim (Chaim) 2 <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>, born Abt. 1672 in Leipnik, Moravia; died Bet. 1753 - 1764. Generation No. 2 2. Joachim (Chaim) 2 <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong> (<strong>Judel</strong> (<strong>Yudel</strong>) 1 ) was born Abt. 1672 in Leipnik, Moravia, and died Bet. 1753 - 1764. He married (unknown). She was born Abt. 1678. Notes for Joachim (Chaim) <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>: According to the Knopflmacher Family Stammbaum, Joachim was a Rabbi in Leipnik, Moravia. He is referred to as "our teacher, Rabbi Chaim". Joachim's name has been also established through a Holesov document, dated 18 June 1794, in which his son Moises is alternately referred to as "Moises Knopflmacher", "Moises [b.] JOACHIM", and "Moises [b.] JOACHIM Leipniker". This third variation is evidence that Joachim Knopflmacher was a resident <strong>of</strong> Leipnik, Moravia [now Lipnik nad Becvou, Czech Republic]. Rabbi Joachim Knopflmacher was still alive in 1753 but was deceased by 1764 when a great-grandson was named in his honor. Children <strong>of</strong> Joachim <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong> and (unknown) are: + 3 i. Jacob 3 <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>, born Abt. 1700 in Leipnik, Moravia; died Bef. 1739 in Moravia. 4 ii. Taltze <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>, born Abt. 1703 in Leipnik, Moravia. She married Wolf. Notes for Taltze <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>: According to the Knopflmacher Family Stammbaum, Taltze was "bethrothed to Wolf, son <strong>of</strong> our teacher, Mordechai" 5 iii. Chayale <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>, born Abt. 1706 in Leipnik, Moravia. Notes for Chayale <strong>KNOPFLMACHER</strong>: In the Knopflmacher Family Stammbaum, Chayale is referred to as "the daughter <strong>of</strong> Chaim <strong>of</strong> blessed memory".
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 71
|
https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/on-this-day-in-german-royal-imperial-history.46767/page-7
|
en
|
On this Day in German Royal/Imperial History
|
[
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/assets/logo/Logo_royalforums.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/assets/logo/Logo_royalforums.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/styles/default/xenforo/add_to_home.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/xmastree9.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/holly.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/2/2467.jpg?1708414849",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/merryxmassign1.png",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/advent0004.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/santa5.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/santa5.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/santa5.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/santa5.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/santa5.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/santa5.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/images/smilies/TwoHearts.gif",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Ff%2Ffe%2FHeinrich_der_L%25C3%25B6we_und_Mathilde_von_England.jpg%2F640px-Heinrich_der_L%25C3%25B6we_und_Mathilde_von_England.jpg&hash=eedfbee8248d719bef0f45c953f1a1b9",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCategory%3AGertrude_of_Hohenberg%23%2Fmedia%2FFile%3AGertrude-of-Hohenberg.jpg&hash=5a433f813234877747364e89a318efdc",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F6%2F69%2FAlbert_II_of_Mecklenburg.jpg&hash=1cc28826037e0db9c71578ceff963ff6",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Fa%2Fa3%2FKaiser_Leopold_II_in_Feldmarschallsuniform_c1790.jpg%2F392px-Kaiser_Leopold_II_in_Feldmarschallsuniform_c1790.jpg&hash=e35636d1812682ab5cca2107fdab1731",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Fa%2Fa0%2FMaria_Ludovika%252C_Empress_of_Austria_and_Queen_of_Hungary.jpg%2F469px-Maria_Ludovika%252C_Empress_of_Austria_and_Queen_of_Hungary.jpg&hash=ddc236a0fda85a3f3bce63e28ae63d7e",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F1%2F1d%2FMaria_Teresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily_after_Vig%25C3%25A9e_Le_Brun%252C_Mus%25C3%25A9e_Cond%25C3%25A9.jpg&hash=bae09254669499fffaededb6114db701",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F5%2F5c%2FHans_von_Aachen_-_Renata_von_Lothringen_-_Burg_Trausnitz_%2528cropped%2529.jpg%2F403px-Hans_von_Aachen_-_Renata_von_Lothringen_-_Burg_Trausnitz_%2528cropped%2529.jpg&hash=f80541b6498f348f1a76e26507c4907b",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/51/51037.jpg?1710332227",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F9%2F9c%2FCarl_Hasenpflug_-_Garnisonkirche_Potsdam_%25281827%2529.jpg%2F616px-Carl_Hasenpflug_-_Garnisonkirche_Potsdam_%25281827%2529.jpg&hash=7b39827c46f187e680e50c047fa2bdcc",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/2/2467.jpg?1708414849",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/m/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/79/79094.jpg?1708414986",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/76/76042.jpg?1708651953",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/14/14233.jpg?1708414865",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/6/6742.jpg?1708823777",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/27/27577.jpg?1723167766",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/74/74055.jpg?1708414970",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/62/62420.jpg?1708414938",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/4/4844.jpg?1708905701",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/76/76042.jpg?1708651953",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/avatars/s/85/85956.jpg?1708647790",
"https://www.theroyalforums.com/data/assets/logos/logo_footer_royalforums.png",
"https://t1.extreme-dm.com/i.gif",
"https://e0.extreme-dm.com/s9.g?login=royalfor&j=n&jv=n"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2021-12-16T20:31:06-05:00
|
On this day, December 2, 1767 - Birth of Leopold I, Prince of Lippe in Detmold, County of Lippe-Detmold
On this day, December 3, 1838 - Birth of Luise of...
|
en
|
/data/assets/logo/icon_192_royalforums.png
|
The Royal Forums
|
https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/on-this-day-in-german-royal-imperial-history.46767/page-7
|
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, December 2, 1767 - Birth of Leopold I, Prince of Lippe in Detmold, County of Lippe-Detmold
On this day, December 3, 1838 - Birth of Luise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden, wife of Grand Duke Frederick I of Baden, in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, December 5, 1916 - Demise of Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, spouse of Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
On this day, December 8, 1708 - Birth of Francis Stephen, Holy Roman Emperor at the Ducal Palace of Nancy, Duchy of Lorraine
On this day, December 10, 1756 - Birth of Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in Schwerin, Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
On this day, December 12, 1801 - Birth of King Johann of Saxony in Dresden, Electorate of Saxony
On this day, December 14, 1787 - Birth of Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este, Empress of Austria, spouse of Emperor Francis I of Austria, at the Royal Villa of Monza in Lombardy
On this day, December 15, 1907 - Demise of Carola of Vasa, Queen of Saxony, wife of King Albert of Saxony, at her villa in Strehlen, Kingdom of Saxony
On this day, December 17, 1802 - Birth of Archduke Francis Charles of Austria in Vienna, Austria. He is the father of Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria.
Last edited by a moderator: Jul 11, 2022
Stefan
Super Moderator
Joined
Dec 30, 2003
Messages
7,651
City
Esslingen
Country
Germany
On this day, December 17, 1802 - Birth of Archduke Francis Charles of Austria in Vienna, Austria. He is the father of Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria.
His name was Franz Karl. And his son Franz Joseph. No need to translate all the names in english.
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, December 18, 1863 - Birth of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Graz, Austria
On this day, December 21, 1800 - Birth of Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, spouse of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
On this day, December 24, 1837 - Birth of Elisabeth of Bavaria, Empress of Austria, at the Herzog-Max-Palais in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria
On this day, December 25, 1046 - Pope Clement VI crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor
On this day, December 26, 1777 - Birth of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, in Darmstadt, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
On this day, December 31, 1885 - Birth of Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at the Gut Grunholz in Thumby, Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein
Last edited by a moderator: Jan 25, 2022
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, January 2, 1784 - Birth of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in Coburg, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
On this day, January 3, 1754 - Birth of Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Oldenburg at Eutin Castle in the Principality of Holstein-Gottorp
On this day, January 7, 1114 - The Wedding of Matilda of England and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor at Mainz Cathedral in Mainz, Archbishopric of Mainz, Holy Roman Empire
On this day, January 9, 1907 - Demise of Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Queen Consort of King George V of Hanover, in Gmunden, Austria
On this day, January 13, 1797 - Demise of Elizabeth Christine of Brunswick-Beverin, Queen of Prussia, wife of King Friedrich II of Prussia, at the Stadtschloss in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, January 17, 1755 - Birth of Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg in Riesenberg, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, January 21, 1705 -Demise of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen in Prussia, spouse of King Friedrich I of Prussia, in the Electorate of Hanover
On this day, January 24, 1712 - Birth of Friedrich II, King of Prussia in the Berlin City Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, January 25, 1858 - The Wedding of Prince Friedrich of Prussia ( German Emperor Friedrich III) and Victoria, Princess Royal of England
Last edited by a moderator: Jan 25, 2022
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, January 26, 1997 - Demise of Margaret, Princess of Hesse and by Rhine, wife of Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
On this day, January 26, 1997 - Demise of Margaret, Princess of Hesse and by Rhine, wife of Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine
Margaret was born in Dublin in 1913 and was the daughter of Baron Geddes,
The marriage of Margaret and Louis was marred with tragedy following the Sabena Junkers Ju 52 crash at Ostend in Belgium which killed Prince Louis' mother Grand Duchess Eleonore, brother Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus, sister-in-law Princess Cecilie of Greece , nephews Prince Louis and Prince Alexander and Cecilie's newborn child.
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, January 27, 1859 - Birth of Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany at the Crown Prince's Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, January 30, 1953 - Demise of Ernst August III of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick at Marienburg Castle in Hanover, Germany
Last edited by a moderator: Apr 6, 2023
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, February 1, 1168 - The Wedding of Matilda of England, daughter of King Henry II of England, and Heinrich the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, at Minden Cathedral in the Duchy of Saxony
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
On this day, February 1, 1168 - The Wedding of Matilda of England, daughter of King Henry II of England, and Heinrich the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, at Minden Cathedral in the Duchy of Saxony
The Wedding of Henry the Lion and Matilda of England at the Mindener Dom
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, February 3, 1919 - Demise of Maria Theresia of Austria-Este, Queen Consort of King Ludwig III of Bavaria, at Schloss Wildenwart in Wildenwart, Germany
On this day, February 6, 1899 - Demise of Prince Alfred of Edinburgh, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
On this day, February 8, 1792 - Birth of Caroline Augusta of Bavaria, Empress of Austria, spouse of Emperor Franz I of Austria, at Mannheim, Electorate of the Palatinate
On this day, February 9, 1763 - Birth of Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden, in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden
On this day, February 12, 1768 - Birth of Franz I, the last Holy Roman Emperor and the first Emperor of Austria in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
On this day, February 13, 1457 - Birth of Mary, Duchess of Burgundy in her own right, wife of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, at the Castle of Coudenberg in Brussels, Duchy of Burgundy
On this day, February 15, 1761 - Birth of Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, spouse of Grand Duke Ludwig I of Hesse and by Rhine, in Darmstadt, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
On this day, February 16, 1679 - Birth of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen in Ichtershausen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
Last edited by a moderator: Apr 6, 2023
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
February 16th ,1281 : Death of Gertrude of Hohenberg
,German Queen.
Gertrude of Hohenberg was the wife of Rudolph I of Germany and died in Vienna. Her remains were however buried at Basel Minster in Switzerland beside her sons Hartmann and Charles.
In 1529 Basel Minister was sacked by Calvinists but the tomb was preserved and the cathedral became Protestant.
In 1770 her tomb was opened and her coffin and those of her 2 sons were moved to Saint Blaise Abbey in the Black Forest.
Her tomb is still at Basel in Switzerland.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_of_Hohenberg
Tomb at Basel.
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, February 18, 1840 - Demise of Elisabeth Christine Ulrike of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Crown Princess of Prussia, first spouse of the future King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
February 18th,1379 : Death of Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
Albert II was Duke from 1348 and following his death he was buried at Doberan Minster in Germany.The Minster was the Mecklenburg ducal family burial site.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_II,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, February 22, 1921 - Demise of Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein at Castle Primkenau in Primkenau, Germany
On this day, February 23, 1803 - Birth of Alexandrine of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, wife of Grand Duke Paul Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, February 25, 1713 - Demise of King Frederick I of Prussia in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, February 27, 1853 - Demise of August I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg in Oldenburg, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
On this day, March 1, 1792 - Demise of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II in Vienna, Austria
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 2, 2022
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
On this day, March 1, 1792 - Demise of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II in Vienna, Austria
Sadly the reign of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor was brief and less than 2 years when he died suddenly aged just 44.
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, March 2, 1835 - Demise of Emperor Franz I of Austria in Vienna, Austria
On this day, March 3, 1778 - Birth of Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hanover at the Altes Palais in Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover
On this day, March 4, 1152 - Election of Friedrich I Barbarosa as King of the Germans
On this day, March 6, 1823 - Birth of King Karl I of Wurttemberg in Stuttgart, Kingdom of Wurttemberg
On this day, March 9, 1888 - Demise of Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany at the Berlin Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, March 10, 1864 - Demise of King Maximilian II of Bavaria in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria
On this day, March 13, 1741 - Birth of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor at Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria
On this day, March 22, 1797 - Birth of Wilhelm I, German Emperor and King of Prussia at the Crown Prince's Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 22, 2022
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, March 23, 1947 - Demise of Luise of Austria, Crown Princess of Saxony, wife of the future King Friedrich August III of Saxony, in Brussels, Belgium
On this day, March 26, 1687 - Birth of Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen of Prussia, wife of King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, in Hanover, Principality of Callenberg
On this day, April 1, 1825 - Birth of Auguste of Austria, Princess of Bavaria, wife of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
On this day, April 5, 1674 - Birth of Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, spouse of Duke Ernst Ludwig I of Saxe-Meiningen, in Electorate of Brandenburg
On this day, April 7, 1816 - Demise of Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este, Empress of Austria, spouse of Emperor Franz I of Austria, at the Palazzo Canossa in Verona, Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
Last edited by a moderator: May 20, 2022
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
On this day, April 7, 1816 - Demise of Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este, Empress of Austria, spouse of Emperor Franz I of Austria, at the Palazzo Canossa in Verona, Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
The Empress was just 28 years old when she died at Verona and her remains were taken back to be buried at the Imperial Crypt in Vienna.
Maria Ludovika of Modena, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, April 11, 1921 - Demise of Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Empress of Germany, spouse of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, at Huis Doorn in The Netherlands
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
On this day, April 11, 1921 - Demise of Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Empress of Germany, spouse of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, at Huis Doorn in The Netherlands
The Empress died in exile not long after the death from suicide of her son Prince Joachim of Prussia.
The coffin of the Empress was permitted to be taken back to Germany for burial at the Antique Temple mausoleum in Potsdam.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Auguste_victoria_axb02.jpg
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, April 13, 1807 - Demise of Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, Empress of Austria, wife of Emperor Franz I of Austria, at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
On this day, April 13, 1807 - Demise of Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, Empress of Austria, wife of Emperor Franz I of Austria, at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria
Maria Theresa was the last Holy Roman Empress and then the 1st Empress consort of Austria as the wife of Franz I.
The Empress was also the mother of Marie Louise, Empress of the French and second wife of Napoleon.
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, April 17, 1838 - Birth of Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg, Duchess of Anhalt, wife of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt, in Bamberg, Kingdom of Bavaria
On this day, April 18, 1861 - Birth of Eduard, Duke of Anhalt in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt
On this day, April 19, 1793 - Birth of Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, in Vienna, Austria
Last edited by a moderator: Apr 6, 2023
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
20th of April 1544 : Birth of Renata of Lorraine ,Duchess of Bavaria
Renata was born in Nancy the daughter of François I of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark.In February 1568, Renata married the future William V, Duke of Bavaria.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renata_of_Lorraine
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, April 21, 1892 - Demise of Alexandrine of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Mecklenburg, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
On this day, April 22, 1868 - Birth of Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria in Buda, Hungary
On this day, May 4, 1471 - Demise of Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Callenberg Castle in Grein, Austria
On this day, May 5, 1747 - Birth of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna, Austria
On this day, May 6, 1882 - Birth of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany at the Marmorpalais in Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, May 9, 1892 - Birth of Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria, spouse of Emperor Karl I of Austria, at the Villa Pianore, Tuscany, Italy
On this day, May 13, 1717 - Birth of Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria
On this day, May 15, 1792 - Demise of Maria Luisa of Spain, Holy Roman Empress, spouse of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria
On this day, May 21, 1864 ~ Birth of Stephanie of Belgium, Crown Princess of Austria, spouse of Crown Prince Rudolph of Austria, at the Royal Palace of Laeken in Brussels, Belgium
On this day, May 23, 1857 - Birth of Marie of Waldeck-Pyrmont, Princess of Wurttemberg, first wife of the future King Wilhelm II of Wurttemberg, in Arolsen, Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
On this day, May 28, 1872 - Demise of Sophie of Bavaria, Archduchess of Austria, wife of Archduke Franz Karl, mother of Emperor Franz Joseph I, in Vienna, Austria
On this day, May 31, 1740 ~ Demise of King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
Last edited by a moderator: Jun 11, 2022
An Ard Ri
Super Moderator
Joined
Jun 30, 2009
Messages
43,279
City
An Iarmhí
Country
Ireland
On this day, May 31, 1740 ~ Demise of King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
The king was buried first at the now destroyed Garnisonkirche in Potsdam,that church was destroyed during World War II and later demolished by the Easter German authorities.
The coffin of Friedrich Wilhelm I and his son were removed and were later buried at St. Elisabeth's Church in Marburg in 1946.
In 1953 the coffins were again moved to Burg Hohenzollern until 1991 when again they were moved to the Kaiser Friedrich Mausoleum in the Church of Peace!
The Garrison Church in Potsdam is currently being rebuilt so they could be moved back to the original burial site.
Garnisonkirche Potsdam in 1827
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, June e, 1941 - Demise of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany at Huis Doorn in Doorn, The Netherlands
OP
OP
CyrilVladisla
Imperial Majesty
Joined
Dec 2, 2013
Messages
12,420
City
Conneaut
Country
United States
On this day, June 6, 1772 - Birth of Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, Empress of Austria, spouse of Emperor Franz I of Austria, at the Royal Palace of Naples in the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily
On this day, June 7, 1840 - Demise of Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, June 11, 1914 - Demise of Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, June 12, 1878 - Demise of King George V of Hanover in Paris, France
On this day, June 15, 1888 - Demise of Friedrich III, Emperor of Germany at Neues Palais in Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia
On this day, June 19, 1902 - Demise of King Albert of Saxony at Sibyllenort Castle in Sibyllenort, Kingdom of Saxony
Last edited by a moderator: Oct 17, 2022
Stefan
Super Moderator
Joined
Dec 30, 2003
Messages
7,651
City
Esslingen
Country
Germany
On this day, June 19, 1902 - Demise of King Albert of Saxony at Sibyllenort Castle in Sibyllenort, Kingdom of Saxony
Actually Sibyllenort Castle was not in the Kindom of Saxony but in Oels which was in the Kingdom of Prussia.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 11
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Habsburg-18
|
en
|
Albrecht Habsburg (1255-1308)
|
[
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/7/74/Habsburg-18.jpg/75px-Habsburg-18.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/70/Flags.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/74/Habsburg-18.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/6/66/Thiessen-117.jpg/75px-Thiessen-117.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/8/80/Bergh-3-1.jpg/75px-Bergh-3-1.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/help.gif.pagespeed.ce.1TvA_97yy8.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Albrecht I Habsburg genealogy"
] | null |
[] |
1308-05-01T00:00:00
|
Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Albrecht I Habsburg born 1255 Rheinfelden, Aargau, Schweiz died 1308 Königsfelden bei Brugg, Aargau, Schweiz including ancestors + descendants + 1 photos + 3 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Habsburg-18
|
Ancestors Descendants
This page has been accessed 4,452 times.
Biography
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Albrecht I of Habsburg sometimes named as Albert I, was King of the Romans, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg.
The founder of the great house of Habsburg was invested with the duchies of Austria and Styria, together with his brother Rudolph II, in 1282. In 1283 his father entrusted him with their sole government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success. Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, and on his death in 1291, the princes, fearing Albert's power, chose Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg as king. A rising among his Swabian dependents compelled Albert to recognize the sovereignty of his rival, and to confine himself for a time to the government of the Habsburg territories.
He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised. In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolf. The armies of the rival kings met at the Battle of Göllheim near Worms, where Adolf was defeated and slain. Submitting to a new election but securing the support of several influential princes by making extensive promises, he was chosen at Frankfurt on the July 27, 1298, and crowned at Aachen on August 24.
Albert married Elizabeth, daughter of Meinhard II, count of Gorizia and Tyrol, who was a descendant of the Babenberg margraves of Austria who predated the Habsburgs' rule. The baptismal name Leopold, patron saint margrave of Austria, was given to one of their sons. Elisabeth was in fact better connected to mighty German rulers than her husband: a descendant of earlier kings, for example Emperor Henry IV, she was also a niece of dukes of Bavaria, Austria's important neighbors.
Family and children
He was married Vienna 20 December 1274 Elisabeth of Tirol, daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol. Their children were:
Rudolph III (ca. 1282?4 July 1307, Horazdiowitz), Married but line extinct and predeceased his father.
Frederick I (King Frederick III of Germany and Duke Frederick III of Austria) (1289?13 January 1330, Gutenstein). Married but line extinct.
Leopold I (4 August 1290?28 February 1326, Strassburg). Married but line extinct.
Albrecht II (12 December 1298, Vienna?20 July 1358, Vienna).
Heinrich (1299?3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Married but line extinct.
Meinhard, 1300 died young.
Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna?26 February 1339, Vienna). Married but line extinct.
Anna (1275/1280, Vienna?19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
in Graz ca. 1295 to Margrave Hermann of Brandenburg; in Breslau 1310 to Duke Heinrich VI of Breslau.
Agnes (18 May 1281?10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
Katharina (1295?18 January 1323, Naples), married 1316 Charles, Duke of Calabria.
Jutta (d. 1329), married in Baden 26 March 1319 Count Ludwig VI of Öttingen.
Sources
Albert I of Hapsburg b. 1248: page 17 Brewer's Historic Notebook.
Franz Xaver von Wegele: Albrecht I., deutscher König. In: Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Band 1 (1875), S. 224–227.
McCrackan, William Denison. The Rise of the Swiss Republic. A History. 8th ed., Boston, Mass: Arena Pub. Co, 1892.googlebooks.com Accessed November 17, 2007
Chisholm, Hugh. The Encyclopædia Britannica; A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. 11th ed., Cambridge, Eng: At the University Press, 1910. googlebooks.com Accessed November 17, 2007, This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Engel, Evamaria: Albrecht I., In Deutsche Könige und Kaiser des Mittelalters, Urania-Verlag 1988, Seite 258-266 - Franzl, Johann: Rudolf I. Der erste Habsburger auf dem deutschen Thron, Verlag Styria 1986, Seite 108-286 - Höfer, Manfred: Die Kaiser und Könige der Deutschen, Bechtle Verlag Esslingen 1994, Seite 128-131 - Jaeckel, Gerhard: Die deutschen Kaiser. Die Lebensgeschichten sämtlicher Monarchen von Karl dem Großen bis Wilhelm II., Weltbild Verlag Augsburg, Seite 104-121 - Krieger, Karl-Friedrich: Die Habsburger im Mittelalter. Von Rudolf I. Bis Friedrich III. Verlag W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Berlin Köln 1994, Seite 42,54,67,75-99 - Reifenscheid, Richard: Die Habsburger. Von Rudolf I. Bis Karl I. Verlag Styria Graz Wien Köln, 1982, Seite 10,19,21,24-33,37 -
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 44
|
https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/2023/05/
|
en
|
Those obscure objects of desire
|
[
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/cropped-adrienneames2.jpg",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalidn-keith-3.webp?w=454",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-2.jpg?w=757",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-photo_55422_34588.jpg?w=400",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-4.jpg?w=827",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/rosalind-keith-5.jpg?w=838",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/jane-liddell.png?w=688",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image-3.png?w=299",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image-2.png?w=480",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/aileen-covington.png",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/bc9a8dd7ca77c977ed9016f8c9dcf9ab60e2d83e4002cd822252792a7b065d40?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cropped-toniseven6.jpg?w=50",
"https://obscureactresses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cropped-toniseven6.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2023-05-29T13:45:07+00:00
|
3 posts published by StellaStar during May 2023
|
en
|
Those obscure objects of desire
| null |
Rosalind Keith was a gifted child theater actress who ramped up plenty of amateur experience before she even came to California. Hungry for fame and success, she got what she wanted with some elaborate publicity stunts, but was soon stuck playing leads in C level movies. Now what she expected from Hollywood, Rosalind retired upon marriage, and left her acting ambitions behind. Le’ts learn more about her!
EARLY YEARS
Rosalind Culli was born on December 6, 1916, in Mascoutah, Illinois, to Rudolph Culli and Hilda Culli. She was their only child. Her father was a mechanical engineer.
When she was a small child her parents moved to Belleville, Illinois. For a time her father was connected with the Modem Electric Company, the Metropolitan Insurance Company and later operated a soda bottling works. Rosalind at an early age showed remarkable talent in dramatics. However she came by this naturally as her mother appeared in several local plays and gave remarkable performances.
While still a child Rosalind was a pupil of the Kendall School of Expression. She appeared in number of their plays during the years from 1922 to 1931. Some of her most important local roles Included “The Girl of the Wagon Train” at the Washington Theater and Little at the Lincoln. In 1930 when the Mayor staged a huge benefit show for the unemployed Rosalind appeared in an important role in Little Brown School”. The next year at the opening of the Kendall Little Theater she made one of her last appearances in the leading role of the opening attraction.
The Cullis moved to St Louis, Missouri in the late 1920s, but Rosalind continued her lessons with Mrs Kendall for a considerable period. Rosalind attended high school in St. Louis, and continued acting in amateur productions, racking up quite a number of shows under her belt.
After Rosalind graduated from high school in St. Louis, she decided to try her luck in Hollywood. And that is She landed some bit parts in theater shows. She was appearing on the stage there in “Small Miracle’ when talent scouts spotted her and gave her a screen test. And this is how it all began!
CAREER
Rosalind came to Hollywood when she was a seasoned little theater actress, who acted for years and had plenty of experience. So what went wrong? It’s hard to say, but Rosie was stuck in low level movie entries, and somehow never managed to outgrow that. Was she not charismatic, or perhaps she was not a good actress? Or maybe she just wasn’t lucky? But let’s see what she did make during her Hollywood sojourn.
Rosalind made her debut in the forgotten movie, Romance in the Rain, about the publicity shenanigan of a a editor of a tabloid magazine. Very relevant even today! Not much is known about the movie, but Heather Angel and Esther Ralston are in the cast, which is always a plus! heather’s voice! Pure perfection! Rosie than appeared int he original adaptation of The Glass Key. As most movies where is a more famous versions (the Alan Ladd/Veronica Lake 1942 movie), it’s unjustly overlooked, and while generally not better than it’s more prolific brother it does have some meaty young George Raft deliciousness in it. And Claire Dodd, playing the role was famous for int he early 1930s (a sly, vixenish but ultimately bad girl) is stunning!
Rosalidn thne played a leading role in Annapolis Farewell, a movie that is preserved but is almost never shown anywhere and most people who don’t live in California can’t watch it easily. it’s a old times vs. new times movie, with a old navy man coming to Annapolis and being unhappy with the way thins are today. It has a solid B level cast(Tom Brown, Richard Cromwell as the dashing young men and Guy Standing as the old timer) and it seems to be a B level effort.
Similarly forgotten is It’s a Great Life, a Despression era drama about young men who deperately want to find work, travel around the country, and fall in love with the same women (played by Rosalind). While the movie is slated too much into melodrama (As it seems), it’s an interesting relic of the bygone times and what young men shad to live trough during the early 1930s. From a social point of view, very intriguing!
seems like a charming little comedy, so rarely made today! Here is the bare bones scenario: Set in 1883, Professor Eustace McGargle, a swindling carnival man, comes to a small town with his daughter, Poppy (Rochelle Hudson) where he establishes himself as the prize medicine seller while Poppy wanders about and meets and falls in love with Billy Farnsworth (Richard Cromwell), a mayor’s son, but because of Poppy’s sideshow background, the Farnsworth family look down on her. Only Sarah Tucker (Maude Eburne), a matron woman, takes a liking to Poppy, and later discovers something about her true identity that makes things right again with the Farnsworths. But, like in most W.C. Fields comedies, it’s not the story, but it’s the Fields touch, his special brand of comedy which is hard to describe, but so endearing and funny at the same time.
King of the Royal Mounted is a movie about Mounties, and allegedly not a bad one either! Fans of outdoor movies, especially situatied in the lush green mountain surroundings, should enjoy this! Rosalind plays a innocent girl who inherits a mine but an evil lawyer is after it, and a handsome Mountie comes to her rescue! Rosalind’s last movie of 1936 was Theodora Goes Wild, a superb screwball comedy with Irene Dunne and Melvyn Douglas, where Irene plays a New England prim and proper small town gir living with tho very conservative spinster aunts, but who leads a double life as a scandalous bets selling author! Problems arise when Mervyn Douglas finds out her secret, and comes to visit her in their puritanical small town. Irene is a treasure of an actress, and Douglas is great in anything he appears in, and the two make quite a pair!
Rosalind appeared in a string of seemingly okay B movies, but who are completely forgotten today: Find the Witness, a crime movie about a Houdini type of a magician who is accused of murdering his wife, but he claims he was enclosed in a coffin at the bottom of the ocean at the time,and the detectives are working against the clock to see if he is guilty or not, Westbound Mail, a Charles Starret western (and yopu know what I think of low budget westerns, the less said the better), Parole Racket , a run of the mill gangster movie that abound in the 30s, with Paul Kelly playing a good guy trying to get bad guys behind the bars,
Motor Madness, Criminals of the Air, a crime movie about people busting an aerial smuggling operation (and one of Rita hAywiorth’s earliest movie roles!), A Fight to the Finish a Monte Cristo revenge like movie about taxi cab drivers, A Fight to the Finish, a convoluted drama thriller about a girl who inherits a steel works company and has to keep it afloat with the help of a fair foreman, Under Suspicion, a similarly themed industrial espionage thriller. In similar vein were Manhattan Shakedown and Arson Gang Busters, both typical low budget 1930s thrillers dealing with a specific issue (journalism in Shakedown and arsonists in Gang busters).
Luckily, the next few movies Rosalind appeared in are a bit more… Noticed by reviewers, so we can vouch to say they are not completely forgotten. However, and they good? Clipped Wings get seen today by aviation aficionados and fans of Jason Robards Sr so it’s not forgotten, but it’s not a good movie, it’s a strictly C level affair and it shows in the overall quality. Trouble in Sundown is a low budget western, and less I say about them the better (you know I don’t like them at all!). Bad Boy on the otehr hand is a kind of an oddity, an early film noir where Rosalind plays a femme fatale who spins Johnny Dows around her little finger. Johnny gets mixed up with some pretty bad guy (racketeers), and lots of thrilling things happen! The movie was butchered by the censors (Rosalind’s character was a prostitute, but that was toned down) and retains but a bit of it’s original power, but it’s worth watching as a late 1930s relic!
Rosalind got married in 1939 and largely retired from movies, and made only one uncredited appearance, in Ladies of Washington , an low budget but nonetheless interesting whodunit with a bunch of girls living together due to the housing shortage during the war, and then a murder happens! There are plenty of B class actress eye candy, like Trudy Marshall, Sheila Ryan, Beverly Whitney, and even a very early role for the magnificent Anthony Quinn!
That was it from Rosalind!
PRIVATE LIFE
Rosalind married her first husband, James H. Lewis, an artist and magazine illustrator, in St. Louis in 1932, when she was just 15 years old and still in high school. The marriage was very stormy, with James liking to flirt with other girls and Rosalind always unhappy about it (he often was too friendly with waitresses, sometimes when Rosalind was there). She called James “sullen, morose, cold and uncompanionable.” Then he just left their shared home one day in August 1934, this was the last straw for Rosalind. They finally divorced in 1935.
When Rosalind came to Hollywood in 1934, she tried to be noticed to get a role. Due to pretty girls being an easy commodity in Hollywood, she decided to take some extra measures to be noticed. She bleached her hair, thinned her eyebrows, started to wear more make-up, and opted a succession of unusual pets: a coyote, a honey bear, and then an ocelot. Before she assumed ownership of the ocelot, Paramount Pictures signed her to a contract role in The Glass Key. Rosalind had not forgotten her former friends in Illinois, and for instance her old mentor Mrs Kendall received two beautiful photographs from Miss Culli and has had several letters from her while In Hollywood.
After dating men like Abey Drefus for a short while, Rosalind then met and fel in love with eminent cameraman, William Mellor. The two became an elopement case in March 1939, when they were secretly married in Boulder City, Nevada. Mellor was born on June 29, 1903. He began his career in the photographic labs at Paramount in the mid-20’s and in the early 1930s became a director of photography, working primarily on the studio’s lesser productions. At the same time, he continued to serve his apprenticeship by assisting veteran cinematographer Victor Milner as first camera operator on A-grade features. Mellor was a homeboy who preferred living with his mother, shunned the Hollywood social life and was pretty introverted. He was never married before he met Rosalind.
The outgoing, forcefull Rosalind and such a gentle, artistic soul as Mellor did not mesh well at all. Rosalind tried to make it work, but within 10 months, fed up with everything, Rosalind asked a divorce from Mellor, charging extreme cruelty. They had been married so briefly, true, but it was more than enough for Rosie to know what she did not want. As she told the divorce court: I do not feel I am divorcing my husband so much as I am divorcing his family. He was very spasmodic in his affections,” she said. “It seemed he was influenced by his family he lived with his mother and his sister for 36 years.”
Rosalind next married husband number three, wealthy financier Leo Jacobson, in 1940. Jacobson gave Rosalind the entry into he world of wealth, and she became accustomed to some finer things in life, which became a habit. However, she marriage fell apart very soon, and in a almost comical, farcical way. Here is an article from their divorce case:
Finery Housewife, auburn-haired Rosalind Keith of the film?, has the most extensive wardrobe in Beverly Hill s “sufficient for the next 10 years.” Financier Leo Jacobson yesterday thus described the extent of Miss Keith’s wearing apparel at a temporary alimony hearing in Superior Judge Carl A. Stutsman’s court in which the actress asked $500 monthly.pending trial of the couple’s divorce suit. Mi?s Keith admitted that her wardrobe is “quite extensive” and includes several fur coats valued at approximately $5000. Further testimony of both Jacobson and Miss Keith disclosed that the couple have lived at the same house since divorce proceedings were instituted. “We share the same bedroom,” Miss Keith said, “because we discuss the financial arrangements of our divorce until the wee hours of the morning. At first I slept in a guest room, but I lost too much sleep walking back and forth.”
Rosalind divorced Leo in 1942, and married Hernando Courtright on September 29, 1943 in Nevada. Hernando was an interesting man. The president of the Beverly Hills Hotel and a former vice president of the Bank of America, he had quite a history! Hernando William de Vos Courtright was born on July 10, 1904, to George Courtright and Marguerite Del Valle, in Coeur D’Alene, Idaho, reared in San Francisco. At six years old he suffered a skull fracture when he was thrown from a pony and dragged. The accident impaired his hearing, but did not stop him from pursuing his dreams. Graduating from UC Berkeley and the USC School of Business he became president of the National Pacific Tank and Mill Co. of Oakland, then vice president at Bank of America, where he fell into the hotel business. He purchased and made the Beverly Hills Hotel a world-famous hotel – it became the “in” place to stay, its Polo Lounge an especially famous spot for movie biz people. Hernando was a true bon vivant, and knew just about everyone worth knowing. He was also not married before he met Rosalind.
Rosalind became a California high society matron, and was very active in the local charity circuit, was a major party organizer and visible in all the major societal newspaper columns of the time. Her movie career was effectively over, but other interesting things were before her!
In a weird twist of events, Hernando sold his Beverly Hills hotel to hotelier Ben Silberstein, and also lost his wife to the same man! Yes, Rosalind divorced Hernando and married for the last time to Benjamin Laurence Silberstein. Silberstein was born in 1902, in Michigan. He was married once before, to Gertrude Bord, in 1930. They had two children, a stillbirth son in 1931, and a daughter, Muriel, born on October 24, 1932. The couple continued living the high life in California afterwards. This is his FindaGrave biography, and trust me it’s interesting:
Hotel owner. He was a union boss from Detroit who traveled to California with his family and at the request of one of his young daughters bought The Beverly Hills Hotel and Bungalows in 1954. He lived there and ran the hotel under his strict and watchful eye until the year of his death, creating and consistently maintaining an atmosphere which made top business executives and celebrities need to stay there, during the waning Golden Years of Hollywood. Running a 97% occupancy rate year round, he protected a completely social atmosphere in the 1912 hotel by not allowing any advertisement or convention groups, neither of which he needed. He also didn’t allow anyone to be in the hotel’s lobby without shoes or to be loud and boisterous, nor any photography whatsoever in the public areas. The hotel had it’s own security officers and its confidential “Do Not Take” list included all rock groups and was much longer than the VIP list. He kept a close eye on the behavior of employees and guests alike, and to help him remain anonymous on the premises his staff spoke to and of him only as Mr. S. He had some eccentric ideas and would often dress in casual unfashionable clothing so as not to be recognized and pandered to. This once led a new employee who had never sen him, thinking he was a homeless person, to call security when he wandered into the the hotel’s accounting office very early one morning.
The marriage to such a colorful character did not last, alas, and Rosie and Ben divorced in 1962. Silberstein remarried to Bonita Edwards and died in 1979.
Rosalind remained in California, long retired, enjoying her golden years. She did not remarry and moved to Diablo, Conta Costa at some point.
Rosalind Courtright died on February 24, 2000, in Diablo, Contra Costa, California.
Pretty Jane Liddell was at first glance a starlet that wanted some fame and fortune from Tinsel Town. And that she did get, but not in the way one would expect – her fame has nothing to do with her movies (her career is pretty slim), and her fortunes came around in a very unusual way. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Jane Anne Liddell was born on July 28, 1927, somewhere in Missouri, to Grace Webber and Thomas Liddell. Before Jane, the Liddells had had a son who died the same day he was born in 1921. Thomas was a store manager. Jane spent her earliest years living around Missouri and Omaha, Nebraska. The family moved to Neola, Iowa, where Grace’s family was from, in 1929.
Jane grew up in Iowa, before the family moved to Oakland, California in the late 1930s. Jane still held her relations from Neola close to her heart (especially her aunt), and was often visiting them or they were visiting her in California. Jane was interested in the performing arts, and did some minor acting work in local workshops and plays. Ann attended high school in Oakland.
By coincidence, just after graduating from high school, Jane met, purely socially, actress Ann Sheridan via some mutual friends. Ann liked the plucky girl and, upon hearing that she wanted to become an actress, was more than happy to help her, and introduced her to producer Howard Welsch. Welsch also liked the girl, gave her a chance to appear in one of his movies. This is how her career started!
CAREER
Jane’s first movie was Woman on the Run, a Ann Sheridan film noir. It may be a low budget affair, but it’s a very stylish, slick movie. Dennis O’Keefe plays a painter who witnesses a murder, then he becomes a target for the killer himself. He tries to evade him, but can he? Excellent location shooting in San Francisco combined with a tense story and a gallery of first class, offbeat characters make this one a minor gem. Jane’s friend Ann Sheridam plays O’Keefe’s former wife who doesn’t believe him at first, and there are also solid turns by Robert Keith, Frank Qualen and Ross Elliott.
her second movie was Rogue River, a nifty outdoor movie about the conflicts that arise between members of an extended family in a small Oregon lumber town. The movie might be thin on the dramatics (altough the story isn’t half bad), but it’s very impressive visually and a treat for the eyes. Shot on location, is features the Pacific west as it once was, and there are some good actors to show their skills – Leslie Fenton, Rory Calhoun, Peter Graves.
Then came a seminal 1950s movie which perfectly encapsulates the decades attitudes towards what movies should be – The Blue Veil . A tearjerker shot in the best, most expensive vein, this is a very touching, emotional but highly unrealistic movie. As I said, typical 50s, which preferred to live in a American dream style bubble. But moving this aside, the movie does have it’s man and strong merits. Jane Wyman stars as a war widow who seeks employment as a nanny after her baby dies shortly after the delivery. The movie then follows her life as she selflessly helps parents rear their children. Overall, this is an excellent movie and people remember and cry over it decades after watching – it’s a true monument to it’s dramatic genius. And many, many great actors appear in it – Jane, Charles Loughton, Joan Blondell, Agnes Moorehead, Audrey Totter, Richard Carlson and so on.
Then came the breezy, cute 50s musicals, Small Town Girl and How to Marry a Millionaire. As somebody once wrote, super fun fluff! The stories are usually paper thin, but the sets, the costumes, the actors, the music, the overall vibe are all magical and anyone who had not watched it should definitely do it! And oh the cast is simply delicious – Ann Miller, Marilyn Monroe, Lauren Bacall, Betty Grable, Bill Powell, Cameron Mitchell and so on.
Jane’s last movie came in 1956, a family western drama, Westward Ho, the Wagons!. Since this is a Walt Disney production, we know what to expect (wink). The movie was tailor made for Disney star Fess Parker, who played Davy Crockett to big acclaim in the eponymous TV series. A string of movies were made to capitalize on his success. This use-case usually does not end particularly well for the movie quality, although here it’s a surprisingly well made movie. In fact it’s like two separate films spliced together, the better for a two part extravaganza on TV. To quote a reviewer: “The first half hour is an enjoyable but relatively routine wagon trail tale, involving a boy must run from hostile Indians on foot. when the train arrives in Fort Laramie and no further big battles occur. In fact, this is where the movie takes off dramatically, promoting the sort of racial tolerance and mutual acceptance so essential to the Disney vision.” Parker plays a doctor who helps all people, regardless of their ethnicity. While the movie doesn’t flow as it should, it’s a very nice film with a positive message and goo production values.
That was it from Jane!
PRIVATE LIFE
When she first came to Hollywood, in 1948, Jane was seen with Forrest Tucker, who was separated but not divorced from his wife, Sandra Jolley. In the end Forrest and Sandra reconciled and Jane was out.
And then, in November 1948, Jane married Charles Bernhard, a very wealthy British producer and businessman. This could have been just another rich man marrying a pretty starlet scenario, but actually it was not. Bernhardt was told by his doctors that he was terminally ill and would be dead in a matter of months, and he wanted to marry a pretty young girl before his demise. A bit on the egoistical side, but anyone can understand this – he knew he was going to die, and wanted certain things to happen before that. When you look at it, ff the other party consents, than it’s two mature individuals having a mutually beneficial relationship and that’s all fine. Jane was there on hand, and she would be left a wealthy widow, and said yes to his proposal. So far so good. However, the drama beings after Bernhardt died in 1949. Namely, in his will he disinherited Jane, claiming that she refused to act on the spousal duties, like setting up a mutual home, and that she deserves nothing from his estate. Jane sued his estate to get her share. There was much legal drama going back and forth (I will not go into this).
So what really happened? Nobody knows, and here is my take on the situation – and it doesn’t look so good for Jane. It seems she wanted to have her cake and eat it too – namely, get married to a rich guy who would die soon and leave her a wealthy widow and then refuse to give him what was expected from a wife. While I cannot know exactly what happened, and it is possible that the two had a deal that Bernhard tried to change (perhaps he told her she doesn’t have to do anything and took it back which would change this narrative a lot), I would venture to say that Jane married for money and then tried to kept Bernhardt at arms length. I repeat, we cannot know for sure what happened and Jane could potentially be a victim, but by the looks of it, I would rather say that she chickened out when it was time to take things next level (living together, keeping home, taking care of each other). This is her right, for sure, but if that is the case, act like a normal person, annul the marriage and ask for nothing and just move on with your life. It didn’t work out and that’s fine. Especially if the guy is dying, as it seems that Bernhard died quite bitter at his wife for this unexpected turn of events. Just is just my take on the situation, and people can disagree with me, but it was not a happy period for Jane at all.
Anyway there was much drama over the property division, and Jane fought tooth and nail to get her share of the inheritance. In the end she got some money, and in fact funded herself a comfy life in the upper echelons of Los Angeles society. Now begins the dramatic life of Jane Liddell, the social butterfly that hosted tons of parties and dated a large number of men. Was is a cool life? Perhaps. Truth to be told, Jane now depended no no man, could do what she wanted, did not have to marry if she did not want to, and was a free agent. So many women, then and now, have no idea what this entails, nor how it feels, which is sad. You can choose what you want, of course – getting married, staying single, whatever – but having the freedom to choose is an incredible thing, something denied to women for many, many centuries. So, in a way, Jane got what she wanted, perhaps not in a most glittering and stress-free way, but it was here. Plus she did not have to work, and slowly her movie output diminished. And now, for a chronology of her beaus:
In the early 1950s, Jane dated Bill Walsh, a former beau of Ruth Roman, for a long time. She also dated another Bill, Bill Bishop, around that time. Afterwards she was seen with Robert North, a radio actor who played Alice Faye‘s brother in her radio show. He was followed by Joe Pasternak, a famous producer who seemingly dated so many pretty women in Hollywood.
Jane then took with Freddie de Cordova, a colorful fellow is there ever was one. A producer and director of some reputee, he was rumored to be gay and still living with his mother in his 40s. Jane was seen with Jeff Chandler, but then ditched him for the handsome Lance Fuller in 1954. That same year, she ditched Fuller for Bob Stack, a socialite actor.
In 1955, her man of the day was British actor Maxwell Reed, former hubby of Joan Collins. In 1957, she was feted by Mario Ferrari, of the prestigious family, who zapped her around Hollywood in a fancy car. This was a pretty serious relationship, but I think his family in the end said no to the prospect of Jane being a wedded member, and it broke. She recuperated by dating another aristocratic face, Baron Gottfried Von Hohenburg. Him living in Germany and she in Los Angeles put a hamper on the proceedings, and they also broke up.
in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Jane dated Ken Scott, an agent, and David Hedison. By 1966, she was evolved with the famous comedian, Phil Silvers, who was once married to starlet Jo-Carroll Dennison.
In the late 1960s, she dated Gerry Huffaker and Charles Darke. Jane then falls of the newspaper radar. It seems that she continued living in California, and later in the 1970s married a certain Mr. Dragge, about whom I could find to concrete information. Most probably she and Dragge divorced in the 1990s.
Jane Liddell died on November 18, 2009, in Los Angeles, California.
Aileen Covington was one of many young, beautiful girls with some dancing skills that landed in Hollywood, and hoped for the best, only to be thwarted in their career by matrimonial events. Long after her Hollywood career was cut, she became a very respected sports writer. Let’s learn more about her!
EARLY LIFE
Aileen Bernice (Birney) Covington was born on September 16, 1906, in Ruston, Louisiana, to Wilis Covington and Mattie Russ. She was the third of five children – her siblings were Edwin Netwon (born on June 6, 1902), Yolanda Frances (born on February 8, 1905), Harold Alexander (June 23, 1908), and Richard Marvin (August 15, 1911). Her father was a salesman who sold a variety of things during the span of his professional life, including monuments and newspapers.
Aileen’s maternal family, the Russ’, were one of the oldest and well respected families int he city – her grandfather was R. E. Russ, for whom the town of was named, Mr. Russ having given much of the land on which the city stands. This connection made Aileen something akin to a socialite/debutante. Aileen grew up happily in Ruston, and discovered pretty early she had a knack for dancing and performing. The family were devout Baptists and attended Lincoln parish church.
Alieen attended Ruston high school and Louisiana tech in her hometown. After graduating, she left for Texas, where she worked as a secretary and stenographer for an influential lawyer. With her innate talent for dancing and willing to work on it, Aileen paid to train under some of the best dance teachers to be secured in Texas. She eventually entered a national dancing contest, won it, met some right people and pretty soon she landed in Hollywood!
And that’s how it started!
CAREER
Aileen appeared in only four movies, all in uncredited roles, mostly in the chorus. The first one was Lady by Choice, an interesting Carole Lombard movie where she plays a fan dancer who teams up with a crusty old woman, played by Flora Robson, to up the quality of both of their lives. Carole is young and pretty and on her way up, and Floria is much older but with plenty of life experience, but also a nasty alcohol habit. It’s great to see a female team in movies, where women take center stage, and where the main objective isn’t necessarily men, but to get control over your own life choices. While this is a charming, breezy comedy in a nutshell, it’s still intriguing and has plenty of very good actors.
Her second movie was one of Spencer Tracy’s early works, Marie Galante. it’s an okay thriller/esnionage movie where the titual Marie Galante is a songstress that gets mixed up with some wrong people and ends up in the Panama canal and everyone thinks she’s a spy. But is she? Who is the real spy? it’s up for the straitlaced US doctor, played by Tracy, to find out. The plot sound a bit cliche, but it’s always interesting to watch Spence, and his leading lady is the French mademoiselle Ketti Gallian here, a curiosity in itself, a very talented stage performer that never quite made it as a movie actress.
Next up were Gold Diggers of 1935. a typical George White movie, full of pretty girls dancing and with little to no plot. but the totally loony characters make this a treat for all 30s musical fans, especially since this is Busby Berkeley. As one reviewer noted: The large cast is all attuned to the nonsensical merriment. Preppy Dick Powell is in excellent good voice as the hotel employee wooing rich girl Gloria Stuart, who only has to look lovely for the cameras. Alice Brady is properly shrill & strident as a miserly millionaire insistent on getting her own way in all things. Hugh Herbert is delightful as a daffy fellow interested only in his collection of snuff boxes. Hilarious Adolphe Menjou steals his every scene as a penniless Russian impresario who is obviously slightly crazed. Bold & brassy, the marvelous Glenda Farrell gets to play the only true gold digger in the film. Frank McHugh is Brady’s son, desperate to enjoy a forbidden romance. Grant Mitchell oozes unctuous charm as the somewhat smarmy hotel manager.
Aileen’s last movie was The Girl Friend. This movie is a typical B class comedies with the lesser known gents like Ann Sothern and Jack Haley, but these folks were gold! The story is very simple: it’s a burlesque pastiche of how shows get produced and move from local barns to the big time, just put in some Napoleon (yeah, you heard that right!), and plenty of zany character and you got yourself a deal!
That’s it from Aileen!
PRIVATE LIFE
Aileen’s private life didn’t make the papers until she married Irving Lippmann on July 8, 1935. Here is a funny story how they tried to hide their marriage:
— Blowouts blew up the secrecy surrounding Hollywood’s latest elope- merit today The elopers were Aileen Covington actress and Irving Lippman winner of an award for photography at the California Pacific International Exposition at San Diego They were married at Agua Caliente Mexico in the early morning hours With an 11 a m call to answer at Columbia :Studios they started back by automobile. At Oceanside they had a tire blowout and at San Clemente another The mishaps made them three hours late on the set To “square” themselves with Director Eddie Buzzell they had to disclose the elope1 inent Lippman and Miss Covington met a month ago
Now something about Irving Isidore Lippmann. He was born on November 8, 1906 in Edendale, California, to Samuel and Celia Lippman. He had two older brothers, Nathaniel and Morris, and four sisters, Esther, Rae, Sophie and Lee and a younger brother who was a stillbirth. He grew up in California and became an assistant cameraman for Fatty Arbuckle productions when he was 16 years old in 1922. After being an assistant cameraman at Paramount he up ended as a cinematographer on TV shows like The Love Boat but is best known for his imaginative and prolific work as a unit stills photographer at Columbia Pictures, especially on Frank Capra films Mr. Deeds Goes to Town and Lost Horizon. He was also a very prolific glamoru photographer, photographing major stars like Claudette Colbert, Ginger Rogers, Barbara Stanwyck and Jean Arthur.
The couple settled in Los Angeles, California, and Aileen gave up her movie work to become a housewife and support her husband in his career. WW2 started in 1939, and Lippman was drafted into the US Army and opened a Pictorial Service in Paris. He reached the rank of captain when he was discharged in 1946. Aileen was hardly idle during the war. She worked together as V riveting team in the Lockheed-Vega aircraft plant, helping turn out B-lTs and P-38’s. There she met and befriended Ruth St. Denis, one of the pioneers of dance and a major 20th century dance icon.
Sadly, after he returned from the war, the marriage started to disintegrate and they were divorced in 1947/48. Lippman would marry Charlotte S. Gluckman in 1960, but that marriage also ended in divorce. He died at the ripe of age of 100 on November 15, 2006.
After her divorce, Aileen was looking for ways to earn a living. Her acting career long gone, she turned to her long time passions – golf and writing. Pretty soon she became a well respected sports writer, writing for local Californian newspapers and doing a weekly column. She became a very prominent member of the local golf set and made a solid living with her writings, making Aileen one of the few women in the 1950s who lived of sports writings. Really interesting!
Aileen married her second husband, Ewing Wilson Richardson, on July 16, 1949. Ewing was a oil supply salesman but was more prominent as a pro golfer. He was born on March 14, 1915, in Ryan, Oklahoma, to Robert Richardson and Bertha Conolly. He lived in Harris, Texas, before moving to Los Angeles. He was married once before, to Gail Foster, but tragically she died in the mid 1940s, They had a daughter, Elizabeth E., born in 1940.
The Richardsons lived in Los Angeles and enjoyed a happy marriage. Both were passionate about golf, played often, and spent many joyful days on the golf course.
Ewin Richardson died on June 30, 1981. Aileen continued living in California, enjoying her golden years.
Aileen Covington died on November 30, 1996, in Los Angeles, California.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 52
|
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/count
|
en
|
Examples of "Count" in a Sentence
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn how to use "count" in a sentence with 500 example sentences on YourDictionary.
|
en
|
/favicon.png
|
https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/count
|
That of "count" was, as Luchaire points out, "equivocal" even as late as the 12th century; any castellan of moderate rank could style himself comte who in the next century would have been called seigneur (dominus).
I wished her to make the groups of threes and supposed she would then have to count them in order to know what number fifteen threes would make.
Even when, in the 13th century, the ranks of the feudal hierarchy in France came to be more definitely fixed, the style of "count" might imply much, or comparatively little.
Shortly after he came into possession of large estates left by Catherine de' Medici, from one of which he took his title of count of Auvergne.
After that day he underwent great personal risk in saving fugitives; in particular, he saved the life of the count of Champcenetz, the governor of the Tuileries, who was his personal enemy, at the request of Mrs Elliott.
But he retained the possession of his wife's dowerlands in Champagne, and is described in an official document of Champagne so late as the year 1287, as "the Count Edmund."
Dupin de Francueil, a farmer-general of the revenue, who married the widow of Count Horn, a natural son of Louis XV., she in her turn being the natural daughter of Maurice de Saxe, the most famous of the many illegitimate children of Augustus the Strong, by the lovely countess of Konigsmarck.
This difficult task was accomplished by Count Peter Tolstoi, the most subtle and unscrupulous of Peter's servants; but terrorized though he was, Alexius would only consent to return on his father solemnly swearing, "before God and His judgment seat," that if he came back he should not be punished in the least, but cherished as a son and allowed to live quietly on his estates and marry Afrosina.
He supported Frederick in his struggle with the anti-kings, Henry Raspe, landgrave of Thuringia, and William II., count of Holland, and was put under the papal ban by Pope Innocent IV., Bavaria being laid under an interdict.
In March 1490 the county of Tirol was added to his possessions through the abdication of his kinsman, Count Sigismund, and this district soon became his favourite residence.
The three succeeding years were mainly occupied with quarrels with the diet, with two invasions of France, and a war in Gelderland against Charles, count of Egmont, who claimed that duchy, and was supported by French troops.
It was reluctantly accepted by Lord Sandwich, then First Lord, but before it could take effect France declared war, and a powerful French squadron was sent to America under the count d'Estaing.
In i i i o Hamburg, with Holstein, passed into the hands of Adolph I., count of Schauenburg, and it is with the building of the Neustadt (the present parish .of St Nicholas) by his grandson, Adolph III.
The internal organization of the city, too, was rendered more stable by the new constitution of 1270, and the recognition in 1292 of the complete internal autonomy of the city by the count of Schauenburg.
The leader has to place the mat, to throw the jack, to count the game, and to call the result of each end or head to the skip who is at the other end of the green.
In 1666 he was appointed teacher of 'medicine at Mainz and body-physician to the archbishop-elector; and the same year he was made councillor of commerce (Commerzienrat) at Vienna, where he had gained the powerful support of Albrecht, Count Zinzendorf, prime minister and grand chamberlain of the emperor Leopold I.
In 1669 he published his Physica subterranea, and the same year was engaged with the count of Hanau in a scheme for settling a large territory between the Orinoco and the Amazon.
There he presented himself to the grand master of the Maltese order as Count Cagliostro, and curried favour with him as a fellow alchemist, for the grand master's tastes lay in the same direction.
On the death of the usurper Rudolph (Raoul), Ralph of Burgundy, Hugh the Great, count of Paris, and the other nobles between whom France was divided, chose Louis for their king, and the lad was brought over from England and consecrated at Laon on the 19th of June 936.
On the death of William Longsword, duke of Normandy, who had been assassinated by Arnulf, count of Flanders, in December 942, Louis endeavoured to obtain possession of the person of Richard, the young son and heir of the late duke.
Prince Alexander, who was born on the 5th of April 1857, was nephew of the tsar Alexander II., who had married a sister of Prince Alexander of Hesse; his mother, a daughter of Count Moritz von Hauke, had been lady-in-waiting to the tsaritsa.
The story of Nicodromus, while it proves the existence of a democratic party, suggests, at the same time, that it could count upon little support.; (2) Modern.
His sister's son, John of Burgundy, count of Nevers, now received the countship, which passed through heiresses, in the 15th century, to the house of Cleves, and to that of Lorraine-Guise.
Chiefly through the valour of Lamoral, count of Egmont, two great victories were won over the French IL at St Quentin (August Io, 1557) and at Gravelines (July 1 3, 1 55 8).
The most serious difficulty with which Margaret had to deal arose from the attitude of the great nobles, and among these especially of William (the " Silent ") of Nassau, prince of Orange, Lamoral, count of Egmont, and Philip de Montmorency, count of Hoorn.
A few cases have been recorded, however, of tribes who can count in their own tongue up to four and five.
Of the three sons of Count Franz, the eldest, Friedrich (1810-1881), entered the diplomatic service; after holding other posts he was in 1850 appointed president of the restored German Diet at Frankfort, where he represented the anti-Prussian policy of Schwarzenberg, and often came into conflict with Bismarck, who was Prussian envoy.
The earliest recorded count of Dammartin was a certain Hugh, who made himself master of the town in the 10th century; but his dynasty was replaced by another family in the 11th century.
After Newton's time the first vigorous effort to restore the universality of the doctrine of energy was made by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, and was published in the Phil.
From this station as a centre the little band of adventurers, playing the Greeks off against the Lombards, and the Lombards against the Greeks, spread their power in all directions, until they made themselves the most considerable force in southern Italy William of Hauteville was proclaimed count of Apulia.
The names of some of these earliest captains of adventure, Fra Moriale, Count Lando and Duke Werner, who styled himself the Enemy of God and Mercy, have been preserved to us.
Seven years before his death Gian Galeazzo bought the title of duke of Milan and count of Pavia from the emperor Wenceslaus, and there is no doubt that he was aiming at the sovereignty of Italy.
The troops sent against them commanded by General Guglielmo Pepe, himself a Carbonaro, hesitated to act, and the king, finding that he could not count on the army, granted the constitution (July 13, 1820), and appointed his son Francis regent.
In March 1821, Count Santorre di Santarosa and other conspirators informed Charles Albert of a constitutional and anti-Austrian plot, and asked for his help. After a momentary hesitation he informed the king; but at his request no arrests were made, and no precautions were taken.
In Piedmont the Pinelli-Revel ministry, which had continued the negotiations for an alliance with Leopold and the pope, resigned as it could not count on a parliamentary majority, and in December the returned exile Gioberti formed a new ministry.
Ferrara, successor of Scialoja, met a like fate; but Count Cambray-Digny, finance minister in the Menabrea cabinet of 1868-1869, driven to find means to cover a deficit aggravated by the interest on the Venetian debt, succeeded, with Sellas help, in forcing a Grist Tax Bill through parliament, though in a form of which Sella could not entirely approve.
On the occasion of the Metrical Congress, which met in Paris in 1872, he, however, successfully protested against the recognition of the Vatican delegate, Father Secchi, as a representative of a state, and obtained from Count de Rmusat, French foreign minister, a formal declaration that the presence of Father Secchi on that occasion could not constitute a diplomatic precedent.
The conduct of Italy in declining the suggestions received from Count Andrssy and General Ignatiev on the eve of the RussoTurkish Warthat Italy should seek compensation in Tunisia for the extension of Austrian sway in the Balkansand in subsequently rejecting the German suggestion to come to an arrangement with Great Britain for the occupation of Tunisia as compensation for the British occupation of Cyprus, was certainly due to fear lest an attempt on Tunisia should lead to a war with France, for which Italy knew herself to be totally unprepared.
Although Cairoli, upon learning of the Anglo-Ottoman convention in regard to Cyprus, had advised Count Corti of the possibility that Great Britain might seek to placate France by conniving at a French occupation of Tunisia, neither he nor Count Corti had any inkling of the verbal arrangement made between.
The AustroGerman alliance of 1879 formally guaranteed the territory of the contracting parties, but Austria could not count upon effectual help from Germany in case of war, since Russian attack upon Austria would certainly have been followed by French attack upon Germany.
Count Hatzfeldt, on behalf of the German Foreign Office, informed the Italian ambassador in Berlin that whatever was done at Vienna would be regarded as having been done in the German capital.
Doubts, however, soon sprang up as to its effect upon the minds of Austrian statesmen, since on the 8th of November the language employed by Kllay and Count Andrssy to the Hungarian delegations on the subject of Irredentism was scarcely calculated to soothe Italian susceptibilities.
On the 28th of October 1890 Count Antonelli, negotiator of the treaty, was despatched to settle the controversy, but on arriving at Adis Ababa, the new residence of the negus, found agreement impossible either with regard to the frontier or the protectorate.
Within four months the death of Depretis (29th July 1887) opened for Crispi the way to the premiership. Besides assuming the presidency of the council of ministers and retaining the ministry of the interior, Crispi took over the portfolio of foreign affairs which Depretis had held since the resignation of Count di Robilant.
Shortly before the fall of the Depretis-Robilant cabinet Count Robilant had announced the intention of Italy to denounce the commercial treaties with France and Austria, which would lapse en the 31st of December 1887, and had intimated his readiness to negotiate new treaties.
The last Count of Promnitz, whose ancestor had purchased both baronies from Frederick of Bohemia in 1556, sold them in 1765 to the elector of Saxony for an annuity of 12,000 thalers (rSoo).
Cesare, who could still count on the Spanish cardinals, wished to prevent the election of Giuliano della Rovere, the enemy of his house, but the latter's chances were so greatly improved that it was necessary to come to terms with him.
It is mentioned so early as the 7th century and in 868 Baldwin of the Iron Arm, first count of Flanders, who had been entrusted by Charles the Bald with the defence of the northern marches, built a castle here against the Normans raiding up the Scheldt.
Of these risings the most notable was that, in the earlier half of the 14th century, against Louis de Crecy, count of Flanders, under the leadership of Jacob van Artevelde (q.v.).
This line became extinct on the death of Count Eberhard (1393), who in 1385 had sold half his territory to the count palatine of the Rhine, and held the other half as his feudatory.
When Count Roger at last found himself lord of the whole island, he found himself lord of men of various creeds and tongues, of whom his own Norman followers were but one class out of several.
He could not profess to be, as the count of Sicily could honestly profess to be, a deliverer to a large part of the people of the land.
At the same time, although he attended the Paris conference of 1856, he purposely abstained from affixing his signature to the treaty of peace after that of Count Orlov, Russia's chief representative.
For the time, however, he made a virtue of necessity, and Alexander II., recognizing the wisdom and courage which Gorchakov had exhibited, appointed him minister of foreign affairs in place of Count Nesselrode.
The controversy as to the nature of his religious opinions, arising as it did chiefly out of his connexion with the Encyclopaedia, has no longer any living interest now that the Encyclopaedists generally have ceased to be regarded with unqualified suspicion by those who count themselves orthodox.
With Christian David, a carpenter, at their head, they crossed the border into Saxony, settled down near Count Zinzendorf's estate at Berthelsdorf, and, with his permission, built the town of Herrnhut (17 22-1 7 27).
Before long persecution broke out against Herrnhut; the count sent a band of emigrants to Georgia; and as these emigrants would require their own ministers, he had David Nitschmann consecrated a bishop by Jablonsky (1735).
In January 1881 Count Loris-Melikov, minister of the interior, proposed to convene a " general commission " to examine legislative proposals before these were laid before the Imperial Council; this commission was to consist of members elected by the zemstvos and the larger towns, and others nominated in the provinces having no zemstvos.
The emperor, however, whatever his own views, was surrounded by reactionary influences, of which the most powerful were the empress-mother, Pobedonostsev the procurator of the Holy Synod, Count Muraviev and the Grandduke Sergius.
Count Agenor de Gasparin, in his Tables tournantes (Paris, 1854), gives an account of what seem to have been careful experiments, though they are hardly described in sufficient detail to enable us to form an independent judgment.
Berkhampstead rose to importance with its castle, which is said to have been built by Robert, count of Mortain, and when the castle fell into ruin after 1496 the town also began to decay.
He was created count of Poitiers in 1356, and was made the king's lieutenant in southern France, though the real power rested chiefly with John of Armagnac, whose daughter Jeanne he married in 1360.
He at once became the recognized leader of the Liberal opposition to the reactionary government, but must be distinguished from Count Bennigsen, a member of the same family, and son of the distinguished Russian general, who was also one of the parliamentary leaders at the time.
It is a natural assumption that Damascus could still count upon Israel as an ally in 842; not until the withdrawal of Assyria and the accession of Jehu did the situation change.
Honiton (Honetona, Huneton) is situated on the British Icknield Street, and was probably the site of an early settlement, but it does not appear in history before the Domesday Survey, when it was a considerable manor, held by Drew (Drogo) under the count of Mortain, who had succeeded Elmer the Saxon, with a subject population of 33, a flock of 80 sheep, a mill and 2 salt-workers.
Above the village are the ruins of the castle of Rheingrafenstein (12th century), formerly a seat of the count palatine of the Rhine, which was destroyed by the French in 1689, and those of the castle of Ebernburg, the ancestral seat of the lords of Sickingen, and the birthplace of Franz von Sickingen, the famous landsknecht captain and protector of Ulrich von Hutten, to whom a monument was erected on the slope near the ruins in 1889.
When, in 1809, Dalmatia was re-annexed to the Illyrian provinces, Dandolo returned to Venice, having received as his reward from the French emperor the title of count and several other distinctions.
He let it be known that he strongly disapproved of their proposal to elect Count Melzi, the Italian statesman most suitable for the post; and a hint given by Talleyrand showed the reason for his disapproval.
Evidently then the Spanish dockyards and warships (when vigorously organized) were to count for much in the schemes for assuring complete supremacy in the Mediterranean and the ultimate overthrow of the British and Turkish empires, which he then had closely at heart.
Opinions were divided in the emperor's circle between a Russian and an Austrian princess; but the marked coolness with which overtures for the hand of the tsar's sister were received at St Petersburg, and the skill with which Count Metternich, the Austrian chancellor, let it be known that a union with the archduchess, Marie Louise, would be welcomed at Schonbrunn, helped to decide the matter.
In 1553 he became physician to the count of Henneberg, Saxe-Meiningen, and in 1558 held the same post with the elector-palatine, Otto Heinrich, being at the same time professor of medicine at Heidelberg.
On the 2nd of July 1704, with the assistance of a bribing fund, Charles's ambassador at Warsaw, Count Arvid Bernard Horn, succeeded in forcing through the election of Charles's candidate to the Polish throne, Stanislaus Leszczynski, who could not be crowned however till the 24th of September 1705, by which time the Saxons had again been defeated at Punitz.
Another library was left to the public by the munificence of Count QuiriniStampalia, who bequeathed his collections and his house at Santa Maria Formosa to be held in trust for students.
In 1308 Charles Robert of Anjou was elected king of Hungary, his claim being based on the marriage of his grandfather Charles II., king of Naples and count of Anjou, with Maria, daughter of Stephen V., king of Hungary.
He was prince of Antioch and count of Tripoli, like his father; and like him he enjoyed the alliance of the Templars and experienced the hostility of Armenia, which was not appeased till 1251, when the mediation of St Louis, and the marriage of the future Bohemund VI.
His mission was very successful, and soon after his return he was made count of the domestics and received in marriage Serena, the emperor's niece and adopted daughter.
Let the truce of God be observed at home; and let the arms of Christians be directed to the winning of Jerusalem in an expedition which should count for full and complete penance.
It was in the ranks of the Provencals, where the religiosity of Count Raymund seems to have extended to his followers, that these phenomena appeared; and they culminated in the discovery of the Holy Lance, which had pierced the side of the Saviour.
He conquered in 1135 several fortresses in the east of the principality of Antioch, and in this year and the next pressed the count of Tripoli hard; while in 1137 he defeated Fulk at Barin, and forced the king to capitulate and surrender the town.
Finally, when one remembers how, during the First Crusade, the pedites had marched side by side with the principes, and how, from the beginning of 1099, they had practically risen in revolt against the selfish ambitions of princes like Count Raymund, it becomes easy to understand the independent position which the burgesses assumed in the organization of the kingdom.
He was confronted, however, by Raymund, count of Tripoli, the one man of ability among the decadent Franks, who acted as guardian of the kingdom; while he was also occupied in trying to win for himself the Syrian possessions of Nureddin.
Like the First Crusade, the Fourth Crusade also - in its personnel, but not its direction - was a French enterprise; and its leading members were French feudatories like Theobald of Champagne (who was chosen leader of the Crusade), Baldwin of Flanders (the future emperor of Constantinople), and the count of Blois.
On the one hand, the death of the count of Champagne (May 1201) had induced the crusaders to elect as their leader Boniface of Montferrat, the brother of Conrad; and Boniface was the cousin of Philip, and interested in Constantinople, where not only Conrad, but another brother as well, had served, and suffered for their service at the hands of their masters.
At the head of a band of 300 free lances he offered his services first to the count of Barcelona; then, failing him, to Moktadir, the Arab king of Saragossa, of the race of the Beni Houd.
The town is dominated by the castle (now used as barracks), which was reconstructed in 1492 by the Venetians, after it had been burnt in 1487 by the count of Tirol.
In 1416 it was taken by the Venetians, who in 1487 successfully resisted, at Calliano, an attempt to take it made by the count of Tirol and the bishop of Trent.
By family she was entitled to the name of Marguerite de Valois; as the daughter of Charles d'Orleans, count d'Angouleme, she is more properly, and by careful writers almost invariably, called Marguerite d'Angouleme.
She proceeded alone to Parma, where she fell more and more under the influence of the count von Neipperg, and had to acquiesce in the title "duke of Reichstadt" accorded to her son.
On his death the county of Boulogne came to his daughter, Matilda, and her husband Stephen, count of Blois, afterwards king of England, and in 1150 it was given to their son, Eustace IV.
In May 1912 he was appointed to succeed Count Wolff-Metternich as ambassador to Great Britain, but he had only been in London a short time when his health finally broke down.
She had thirteen children - Frederick Henry, drgwned at sea in 1629; Charles Louis, elector palatine, whose daughter married Philip, duke of Orleans, and became the ancestress of the elder and Roman Catholic branch of the royal family of England; Elizabeth, abbess and friend of Descartes; Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice, who died unmarried; Louisa, abbess; Edward, who married Anne de Gonzaga, "princesse palatine," and had children; Henrietta Maria, who married Count Sigismund Ragotzki but died childless; Philip and Charlotte, who died childless; Sophia, who married Ernest Augustus, elector of Hanover, and was mother of George I.
In 1791 he was created a count of the Holy Roman Empire, and chose his title of Rumford from the name as it then was of the American township to which his wife's family belonged.
About 1120 another Giso, count of Gudensberg, secured possession of the lands of the Werners; on his death in 1137 his daughter and heiress, Hedwig, married Louis, landgrave of Thuringia; and from this date until 1247, when the Thuringian ruling family became extinct, Hesse formed part of Thuringia.
Discontent at this arrangement increased to the point of rebellion, which broke out the following year, provoked by Judith's intrigues with Bernard, count of Barcelona, whom she had installed as her favourite at court.
In that case we need simply cover the map with a network of squares - the area of each of which has been determined with reference to the scale of the map - count the squares, and estimate the contents of those only partially enclosed within the boundary, and the result will give the area desired.
Count Stanislas Russell, a naval officer, was sent on a mission to the Red Sea in 1857, and he reported strongly on the necessity of a French establishment in that region in view of the approaching completion of the Suez Canal.
Lassalle attached himself to the cause of the countess, whom he believed to have been outrageously wronged, made special study of law, and, after bringing the case before thirty-six tribunals, reduced the powerful count to a compromise on terms most favourable to his client.
The tide of success now turned again in favour of the Turks, who recaptured Karansebes and Lippa, and at Lugos exterminated by the weight of overwhelming numbers an Austrian force under Field-marshal Count Friedrich von Veterani (1630-1695), the hero of many victories over the Turks, who was killed in the battle.
It was in fact well supplied with information by means of the spy service directed by an exiled French royalist, the count d'Antraigues, who was established at Dresden as a Russian diplomatic agent.
Count Litzow in The Life and Times of Master John Hus (London and New York, 1909), pp. 5-9, gives a good abstract of the Defensor pacis and the relations of Marsilius to other precursors of the Reformation.
In 1762 a quarrel with Miller placed him in a position of some difficulty from which he was delivered by an introduction to Count Rasumovski, who procured his appointment as adjunct to the Academy.
Although the county of Champagne had descended to his wife's infant daughter, Joan, Edmund assumed the title "Count Palatine of Champagne and Brie," and is described in the English patent rolls as earl of Lancaster and Champagne.
However, it is evident from the letters of appanage, dated April 1771, in favour of the count of Provence, how many functions of public authority an appanaged person still held.
Sarno has the ruins of a medieval castle, which belonged to Count Francesco Coppola, who took an important part in the conspiracy of the barons against Ferdinand of Aragon in 1485.
During the War of Independence his early training at the French military college at Caen enabled him to render effective service to General Benjamin Lincoln in 1778-1779, to Count d'Estaing (1779), to General Lincoln in the defence of Charleston and afterwards to General Horatio Gates.
It consists of a definite contractile sac or sacs lying on the dorsal side of the alimentary canal near the oesophagus, and in preparations of Terebratulina made by quickly removing the viscera and examining them in sea-water under a microscope, he was able to count the pulsations, which followed one another at intervals of 30-40 seconds.
During the 9th and 10th centuries it was the subject of dispute between more than one count of Galicia and the suzerain, and its coasts were repeatedly ravaged by the Normans.
In 1649 he accompanied the mission of Henry, count of Nassau, to Denmark, and in 1651 entered the lists of science as an assailant of the unsound system of quadratures adopted by Gregory of St Vincent.
He became one of the best soldiers and trusted counsellors of Charlemagne, and in 790 was made count of Toulouse, when Charles's son Louis the Pious was put under his charge.
At the council of Clermont in 1095 he showed great zeal for the crusade, and having been named apostolic legate by the pope, he accompanied Raymond IV., count of Toulouse, to the east.
He became a senator, a count of the empire, a grand officer of the legion of honour, and just before his death received the grand cross of the order of reunion.
Dunkirk is said to have originated in a chapel founded by St Eloi in the 7th century, round which a small village speedily sprang up. In the 10th century it was fortified by Baldwin III., count of Flanders; together with that province it passed successively to Burgundy, Austria and Spain.
In 1804 he became Minister; in 1807 he was named count, and in 1809 he received the title of duc de Bassano, an honour which marked the sense entertained by Napoleon of his strenuous toil, especially in connexion with the diplomatic negotiations and treaties of this period.
Actually, only some foreign counts could be said to be equivalent to English earls; but "earl" is always translated by foreigners by words (comte, Graf) which in English are represented by "count," itself never used as the synonym of "earl."
The count of the sacred bounties was the lord treasurer or chancellor of the exchequer, for the public treasury and the imperial fisc had come to be identical; while the count of the private estates managed the imperial demesnes and the privy purse.
In the 5th century the "sacred bounties" corresponded to the aerarium of the early Empire, while the res privatae represented the fisc. The officers connected with the palace and the emperor's person included the count of the wardrobe (comes sacrae vestis), the count of the residence (comes domorum), and, most important of all, the comes domesticorum et sacri stabuli (graecized as Kowis Tou o-Ta,3Xov).
The count of the stable, originally the imperial master of the horse, developed into the "illustrious" commander-in-chief of the imperial army (Stilicho, e.g., bore the full title as given above), and became the prototype of the medieval constable.
An important official of the second rank (spectabilis, " respectable" as contrasted with those of highest rank who were "illustrious") was the count of the East, who appears to have had the control of a department in which 600 officials were engaged.
The count's office was not yet a dignity, nor hereditary; he was not independent nor appointed for life, but exercised the royal power by delegation, as under the Merovingians.
A relic of the old official meaning of "count" still survives in Transylvania, where the head of the political administration of the Saxon districts is styled count (comes, Graf) of the Saxon Nation.
In the oldest register of Philip Augustus counts are reckoned with dukes in the first of the five orders into which the nobles are divided, but the list includes, besides such almost sovereign rulers as the counts of Flanders and Champagne, immediate vassals of much less importance - such as the counts of Soissons and Dammartin - and even one mediate vassal, the count of Bar-sur-Seine.
The Grafschaft became thus merely a bundle of rights inherent in the soil; and, the count's office having become his property, the old counties of Gauen rapidly disappeared as administrative units, being either amalgamated or subdivided.
By the second half of the 12th century the official character of the count had quite disappeared; he had become a territorial noble, and the foundation had been laid of territorial sovereignty (Landeshoheit).
The difficulty of determining in any case the exact significance of the title of a German count, illustrated by the above, is increased by the fact that the title is generally heritable by all male descendants, the only exception being in Prussia, where, since 1840, the rule of primogeniture has prevailed and the bestowal of the title is dependent on a rent-roll of £3000 a year.
A German or Austrian count may be a wealthy noble of princely rank, a member of the Prussian or Austrian Upper House, or he may be the penniless cadet of a family of no great rank or antiquity.
The style Altgraf (old count), occasionally found, is of some antiquity, and means that the title of count has been borne by the family from time immemorial.
An Italian contc may or may not be a gentleman; he has long ceased, qua count, to have any social prestige, and his rank is not recognized by the Italian government.
Of the king's sons Robert, though titular count of Maine, was kept in leading strings; and even William Rufus, who was in constant attendance on his father, never held a public office.
Under the Lombards the civil government was in the hands of a gastaldo, under the Carolingians of a count, whose authority, by slow degrees and a course of events similar to what took place in other Italian communes, gave way to that of the bishop, whose power in turn gradually diminished and was superseded by that of the consuls and the commonwealth.
Siena was next at war for several years with Aldobrandino Orsini, count of Pitigliano, and with Jacopo Piccinini, and suffered many disasters from the treachery of its generals.
But the author had offended in it several powerful persons who threatened his life, and if Count Danneskjold had not personally interested the king in him, Holberg's career might have had an untimely close.
Count Francis was the principal founder of the Society of the Bohemian Museum, devoted to the collection of documents bearing on Bohemian history, with the object of reawakening national sentiment by the study of the national records.
The title of count (grof) was assumed later (15th century) by those nobles who had succeeded, in spite of the Golden Bull, in making their authority over whole counties independent and hereditary.
He had to be content with armistices, reconciliations and matrimonial contracts, because the great dignitaries of the state, men like the palatine Laszlo Garai, Count Ulrich of Cilli, and the voivode of Transylvania, Mihaly Ujlaky, thwarted in every way the novas homo whom they hated and envied.
From 1465 the pick of the Magyars and Croatians were enlisted in the same way every year, till, towards the end of his reign, Matthias could count upon 20,000 horse and 8000 foot, besides 6000 black brigaders.
Besides, his hands were tied by the unappeasable enmity of the emperor and the emperor's allies, and he could never count upon any material help from the West against the East.
Stephen Bathory, voivode of Transylvania and count of the Szeklers, for instance, ruled Transylvania like a Turkish pasha, and threatened to behead all who dared to complain of his exactions; " Stinking carrion," he said, was better than living Szeklers.
But Thurzo was the last Protestant palatine, and, on his death, the Catholics, at the diet of Sopron (1625), where they dominated the Upper Chamber, and had a large minority in the Lower, were able to elect Count Miklos Esterhazy in Thurz6's stead.
The diet of 1839 refused to proceed to business till the political prisoners had been released, and, while in the Lower Chamber the reforming majority was larger than ever, a Liberal party was now also formed in the Upper House under the brilliant leadership of Count Louis Batthyany and Baron Joseph EdtvOs.
The moderates, alarmed not so much by the motion itself as by its tone, again tried to intervene; but on the 13th of March the Vienna revolution broke out, and the king, yielding to pressure or panic, appointed Count Louis Batthyany premier of the first Hungarian responsible ministry, which included Kossuth, Szechenyi and Deak.
One more attempt at compromise was made, General Count Lamberg l being sent to take command of all the troops, Slav or Magyar, in Hungary, with a view to arranging an armistice.
The Austrian commander-in-chief, Count Haynau, was to attack Hungary from the west, the Russian, Prince Paskevich, from the north, gradually environing the kingdom, and then advancing to end the business by one decisive blow in the mid-Theissian counties.
On the same day Count Louis Batthyany, who had taken no part in the war and had done his utmost to restrain his countrymen within the bounds of legality, was shot at Pest.
Fortunately, in Kalman Tisza, the leader of the Liberal From the first, Tisza was exposed to the violent attacks of the opposition, which embraced, not only the party of Independence, champions of the principles of 1848, but the so-called National party, led by the brilliant orator Count Albert Apponyi, which aimed at much the same ends but looked upon the Compromise of 1867 as a convenient substructure on which to build up the Magyar state.
Every one now looked to the crown to extract the nation from an ex-lex, or extra-constitutional situation, but when the king, passing over the ordinary party-leaders, appointed as premier Count Karoly Khuen-Hedervary, who had made himself impossible as ban of Croatia, there was general amazement and indignation.
A programme approved of by all the members of the committee was drawn up, and on the 3rd of November 1903, Count Istvan Tisza was appointed minister president to carry it out.
A majority was thus secured for the Kossuthist programme of compromise, but a majority so obviously precarious that the king-emperor, influenced also - it was rumoured - by the views of the heirapparent, in an interview with Count Andrassy and Mr Kossuth on the 15th, refused to make any concessions to the Magyar national demands.
How desperate the situation had now become was shown by the fact that on the 27th the king sent for Count Tisza, on the recommendation of the very Coalition ministry which had been formed to overthrow him.
At its head was Count Khuen Hedervary, who in addition to the premiership, was minister of the interior, minister for Croatia, and Go minister in waiting on the crown.
The poems of Count Geza Zichy and Victor Dalmady, those of the latter published at Budapest in 1876, are mostly written on subjects, of a domestic nature, but are conceived in a patriotic spirit.
Among successful dramatic pieces may be mentioned the Falu rossza (Village Scamp) of Edward Toth (1875), which represents the life of the Hungarian peasantry, and shows both poetic sentiment and dramatic skill; A szerelem harcza (Combat of Love), by Count Geza Zichy; Iskdriot (1876) and the prize tragedy Tamora (1879), by Anthony Varady; Janus (1877), by Gregory Csiky; and the dramatized romance Szep Mikhal (Handsome Michal), by Maurus Jokai (1877).
He held command for a time at Calais, and took an active part in the French campaigns of Henry V., who created him earl and count of Aumale in Normandy.
He is also found confirming his old rival Arnulf in the see of Reims; summoning Adalbero or Azelmus of Laon to Rome to answer for his crimes; judging between the archbishop of Mainz and the bishop of Hildesheim; besieging the revolted town of Cesena; flinging the count of Angouleme into prison for an offence against a bishop; confirming the privileges of Fulda abbey; granting charters to bishoprics far away on the Spanish mark; and, on the eastern borders of the empire, erecting Prague as the seat of an archbishopric for the Sla y s.
The first count was Hermann I., who ruled from 945 to 996, and although the office was not hereditary it appears to have been held mainly by his descendants until the death of Count Hermann III.
The break-up of the duchy of Franconia had increased the influence of the count palatine of the Rhine, and the importance of his position among the princes of the empire is shown by Roger of Hoveden, who, writing of the election to the German throne in 1198, singles out four princes as chief electors, among whom is the count palatine of the Rhine.
In the Sachsenspiegel, a collection of German laws which was written before 1235, the count is given as the butler (dapifer) of the emperor, the first place among the lay electors.
When the possessions of the house of Wittelsbach were divided in 1255 and the branches of Bavaria and the Palatinate were founded, a dispute arose over the exercise of the electoral vote, and the question was not settled until in 1356 the Golden Bull bestowed the privilege upon the count palatine of the Rhine, who exercised it until 1623.
His successor was his kinsman, Charles Theodore, count palatine of Sulzbach, a cadet of the Zweibriicken-Neuburg line, and now with the exception of one or two small pieces the whole of the Palatinate was united under one ruler.
At the opening of 1354 he was sent with the cardinal of Boulogne, Pierre I., duke of Bourbon, and Jean VI., count of Vendome, to Mantes to treat with Charles the Bad, king of Navarre, who had caused the constable, Charles of Spain, to be assassinated, and from this time dates his connexion with this king.
Basing his foreign policy upon the alliance, as supplemented by the naval entente with Great Britain negotiated by his predecessor, Count Robilant, Crispi assumed a resolute attitude towards France, breaking off the prolonged and unfruitful negotiations for a new Franco-Italian commercial treaty, and refusing the French invitation to organize an Italian section at the Paris Exhibition of 1889.
According to this, the Austrian troops already in Bohemia, 1st corps, Count Clam-Gallas, 30,000 strong, were to receive the Saxons if the latter were forced to evacuate their own country, and to act as an advanced guard or containing wing to the main body under Feldzeugmeister von Benedek (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 8th, 10th corps) which was to concentrate at Olmiitz, whence the Prussian staff on insufficient evidence concluded the Austrians intended to attack Silesia, with Breslau as their objective.
From this time the Babenbergs lost their influence in Franconia; but in 976 Leopold, a member of the family who was a count in the Donnegau, is described as margrave of the East Mark, a district not more than 60 m.
In October 1848 Cibrario was made senator, and after the battle of Novara (March 1849), when Charles Albert abdicated and retired to a monastery near Oporto, Cibrario and Count Giacinto di Collegno were sent as representatives of the senate to express the sympathy of that body with the fallen king.
Map's career was an active and varied one; he was clerk of the royal household and justice itinerant; in 1179 he was present at the Lateran council at Rome, on his way thither being enter tained by the count of Champagne; at this time he apparentm held a plurality of ecclesiastical benefices, being a prebend of St Paul's, canon and precentor of Lincoln and parson of Westbury, Gloucestershire.
In 1322, freed from his first marriage, Charles married his cousin Mary of Luxemburg, daughter of the emperor Henry VII., and upon her death, two years later, Jeanne, daughter of Louis, count of Evreux.
Matsukata, who in 1884 was created Count, twice held the office of prime minister (1891-1892, 1896-1898), and during both his administrations he combined the portfolio of finance with the premiership; from October 1898 to October 1900 he was minister of finance only.
Anne's only daughter, Suzanne, had married in 1505 her cousin, Charles of Bourbon, count of Montpensier, the future constable; and the question of the succession of Suzanne, who died in 1521, was the determining factor of the treason of the constable de Bourbon (1523).
In 1808 Beugnot, who had meanwhile been appointed administrator of the duchy of Berg-Cleves, received the cross of officer of the Legion of Honour with the title of count.
He watched with interest the Prussian military preparations, and, at the invitation of Count Haugwitz, he went at the outset of the campaign to the Prussian headquarters at Erfurt, where he drafted the king's proclamation and his letter to Napoleon.
Aschersleben was probably founded in the 11th century by Count Esico of Ballenstedt, the ancestor of the house of Anhalt, whose grandson, Otto, called himself count of Ascania and Aschersleben, deriving the former part of the title from his castle in the neighbourhood of the town.
Various princes and private persons presented it with valuable gifts and legacies, among the most important of which was the collection ofeditiones principes given by Count d'Elci, in 1841, and the Ashburnham collection of MSS.
A Florentine army assisted by Guelphs of other towns was cunningly induced to believe that Siena would surrender at the first summons; but it was met by a Sienese army reinforced by Florentine exiles, including Farinata degli Uberti and other Ghibellines, and by the cavalry of Manfred of Sicily, led by Count Giordano and the count of Arras, with the result that the Florentines were - totally routed at Montaperti on the 4th of September 1260.
The first of these bands with whom Florence came into contact was the Great Company, commanded by the count of Lando, which twice entered Tuscany Y but was expelled both times by the Florentine troops (1358-1359).
With the object of combating the duke of Burgundy's preponderant influence, a league was formed at Gien, including the duke of Orleans and his father-inlaw, the dukes of Berry, Bourbon and Brittany, the count of Alengon and all the other discontented nobles.
Paris was dominated at that time by the party of the "butchers," or Cabochiens, which had been organized and armed by the count of Saint-Pol, brother-in-law of John the Fearless.
On the death of Charles of Armagnac, in 1497, the countship was united to the crown by King Charles VII., but was again bestowed on Charles, the nephew of that count, by Francis I., who at the same time gave him his sister Margaret in marriage.
Af ter the death of her husband, by whom she had no children, she married Henry of Albret, king of Navarre; and thus the count 563 ship of Armagnac came back to the French crown along with the other dominions of Henry IV.
Nevertheless, a new league was formed against the duke of Burgundy in the following year, principally at the instance of Bernard, count of Armagnac, from whom the party opposed to the Burgundians took its name.
Although he talked of helping his sovereign, his troops took no part in the battle of Agincourt (1415), where, however, two of his brothers, Anthony, duke of Brabant, and Philip, count of Nevers, fell fighting for France.
By his wife, Margaret of Bavaria, he had one son, Philip the Good, who succeeded him; and seven daughters - Margaret, who married in 1404 Louis, son of Charles VI., and in 1423 Arthur, earl of Richmond and afterwards duke of Brittany; Mary, wife of Adolph of Cleves; Catherine, promised in 1410 to a son of Louis of Anjou; Isabella, wife of Olivier de Chatillon, count of Penthievre; Joanna, who died young; Anne, who married John, duke of Bedford, in 1423; and Agnes, who married Charles I., duke of Bourbon, in 1425.
As in the last days of the Roman empire the poor landowner had found his only refuge from the exactions of the government in the protection of the senator, who could in some way obtain exemptions, so the poor Frank could escape the ruinous demands of military service only by submitting himself and his lands to the count, who did not hesitate on his side to force such submission.
By the grant of an immunity to a proprietor the royal officers, the count and his representatives, were forbidden to enter his lands to exercise any public function there.
Nor was the king's aid lacking to this method of dividing up the royal authority, any more than to the immunity, for it became a frequent practice to make the administrative office into a fief, and to grant it to be held in that form of property by the count.
In this way the feudal county, or duchy, formed itself, corresponding in most cases only roughly to the old administrative divisions of the state, for within the bounds of the county there had often formed private feudal possessions too powerful to be forced into dependence upon the count, sometimes the vice-comes had followed the count's example, and often, on the other hand, the count had attached to his county like private possessions of his own lying outside its boundaries.
In time the private lord, who had never been an officer of the state, assumed the old administrative titles and called himself count or viscount, and perhaps with some sort of right, for his position in his territories, through the development of the immunity, did not differ from that now held by the man who had been originally a count.
A knight might hold directly of the king, a count of a viscount, a bishop of an abbot, or the king himself of one of his own vassals, or even of a vassal's vassal, and in return his vassal's vassal might hold another fief directly of him.
Contemporaries usually spoke of 70, 72, 73 or 77 members, and perhaps the list is complete with Daenell's recent count of 72, but the obscurity on so vital a point is significant of the amorphous character of the organization.
In Germany, at his instigation, the archbishops with a few of the secular nobles in 1246 elected Henry Raspe, landgrave of Thuringia, German king; but the "priests' king," as he was contemptuously called, died in the following year, William II., count of Holland, being after some delay elected by the papal party in his stead.
The largest is that belonging to Prince Liechtenstein, containing about 800 paintings, and specially rich in important works by Rubens and Van Dyck; the picture gallery of Count Harrach, with over 400 paintings, possessing numerous examples of the later Italian and French schools; that of Count Czernin, with over 340 paintings; and that of Count Schönborn, with 110 pictures.
Of more importance were the two sieges by the Turks (1529 and 168 3), when the city was saved on the first occasion by the gallant defence of Count Niclas von Salm (1459-1530), and on the second by Rüdiger von Starhemberg (1638-1701), who held out until the arrival of the Poles and Germans under John Sobieski of Poland.
At this time he was already so much the coming man that, upon the retirement of Count Lobanov, his mother-in-law, Countess Toll, saw fit to inform Count Muraviev that her son-in-law, upon his appointment as foreign minister, would bear him in mind.
Though this secret compact did not bear his signature (since he had not been present), the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Count Lambsdorff,, lfell over its repudiation, and was, in May 1906, succeeded by Isvolsky.
In 1276 the Pisans were compelled to agree to very grievous terms - to exempt Florentine merchandise from all harbour dues, to yield certain strongholds to Lucca, and to permit the return of Count Ugolino, whose houses they had burnt, and whose lands they had confiscated.
The great bell of the commune called together the adherents of the archbishop; the bell of the people summoned the partisans of the count, After a day's fighting (July 1, 1288) the count, his two sons and his two grandsons were captured in the palazzo del popolo (or town hall), and cast into a tower belonging to the Gualandi and known as the "Tower of the Seven.
In 1369 Lucca was taken from them by the emperor Charles IV.; and afterwards Giovan Galeazzo Visconti, known as the count of Virtu, determined to forward his ambitious designs upon the whole of Italy by wresting Pisa from the Gambacorti.
The same year he was created the first Russian count, and was also the first to be decorated with the newly-instituted Russian order of St Andrew.
Under the Lombards Chieti formed part of the duchy of Benevento; it was destroyed by Pippin in 801, but was soon rebuilt and became the seat of a count.
Hermann appears to have called himself by the title of margrave, and not the more usual title of count, owing to the connexion of his family with the margraviate of Verona.
The count of Angouléme, who was the great-grandson of King Charles V., died in 1496, and Louise watched over her son with passionate tenderness.
It was first improved by Baldwin IV., count of Flanders, in 997, and afterwards, in 1224, was regularly fortified by Philip Hurepel, count of Boulogne.
In 1194 the city, with the rest of Sicily, passed to the house of Hohenstaufen under the emperor Henry VI., who died there in 1197; and after the fall of the Hohenstaufen was contended for by Peter I., king of Aragon, and Charles I., count of Anjou.
He was succeeded by his brother Simon, who married Beatrice of Burgundy, daughter of the count of Auxonne, and had as his son Jean (q.v.), the historian and friend of St Louis.
Loyal at first to King Wenceslaus, the king's neglect of Germany drove Frederick to take part in his deposition in 1400, and in the election of Rupert III., count palatine of the Rhine, whom he accompanied to Italy in the following year.
However, after the peace between Charles and Louis in 860 Robert came to terms with his sovereign, who made him count of Anjou and of Blois, and entrusted him with the defence of that part of his kingdom which lay between the Seine and the Loire, a district which had suffered greatly from the ravages of the Normans and the Bretons.
It was noted with anxiety by his enemies that he was succeeded in the king's confidence by his nephew the count of Haro.
He introduces himself to us with a certain abruptness, merely specifying his own name as one of a list of knights of Champagne who with their count, Thibault, took the cross at a tournament held at Escry-sur-Aisne in Advent 1199, the crusade in contemplation having been started by the preaching of Fulk de Neuilly, who was commissioned thereto by Pope Innocent III.
The sober lists of names with which it opens; the account of the embassy, so business-like in its estimates of costs and terms, and suddenly breaking into a fervent description of how the six deputies, "prostrating themselves on the earth and weeping warm tears, begged the doge and people of Venice to have pity on Jerusalem"; the story immediately following, how the young count Thibault of Champagne, raising himself from a sickbed in his joy at the successful return of his ambassadors, "leva sus et chevaucha, et laz!
Then the history relapses into the business vein and tells of the debates which took place as to the best means of carrying out the vow after the count's decease, the rendezvous, too ill kept at Venice, the plausible suggestion of the Venetians that the balance due to them should be made up by a joint attack on their enemy, the king of Hungary.
The marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine with Henry Plantagenet in 1152 brought it under the sway of England; but when Richard Cceur-de-Lion married his sister Joan to Raymund VI., count of Toulouse, in 1196, Agenais formed part of the princess's dowry; and with the other estates of the last independent count of Toulouse it lapsed to the crown of France in 1271.
The title of count of Agenais, which the kings of England had allowed to fall into desuetude, was revived by the kings of France, and in 1789 was held by the family of the dukes of Richelieu.
The founder of the house of Savoy is Umberto Biancamano (Humbert the White-handed), a feudal lord of uncertain but probably Teutonic descent, who in 1003 was count of Salmourenc in the Viennois, in 1017 of Nyon on the Lake of Geneva, and in 1024 of the Val d'Aosta on the 4 eastern slope of the Western Alps.
The count extended his territories both in Savoy itself and in Italy, and in 1416 was created duke by the emperor Sigismund.
His latter years were troubled by conspiracies and dissensions on the part of the nobles and even of his own son, Philip, count of Bresse.
The site where the cathedral at Notabile now stands is reputed to have been the residence of Publius and to have been converted by him into the first Christian place of worship, which was rebuilt in 1090 by Count Roger, the Norman conqueror of Malta.
In 1090 Count Roger the Norman (son of Tancred de Hauteville), then master of Sicily, came to Malta with a small retinue; the Arab garrison was unable to offer effective opposition, and the Maltese were willing and able to welcome the Normans as deliverers and to hold the island after the immediate withdrawal of Count Roger.
Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson left Malta in March 1889, and was succeeded by Sir Gerald Strickland (Count Della Catena), who lost no time in pushing, and carrying with a rapidity that was considered hasty, reforms that had been retarded for years.
The most prominent buildings are the new town-hall (1893); the castle of Count Clam Gallas, built in the 17th century, with additions dating from 1774 and 1850; the Erzdekanatskirche, of the 16th century; the Protestant church, a handsome modern Romanesque edifice (1864-68) and the hall of the cloth-workers.
Leopold accepted, although he said nothing about the foreign invasion, and on the 1st of May sent Count Luigi Serristori to Tuscany with full powers.
His great uncle, who achieved great distinction in the Russian imperial service in the reign of Nicholas I, becoming minister of the police and being raised to the rank of a count, died childless, the title and estates passing to his nephew, Count Alexander's father.
In this way Count Benckendorff received his initiation into the spirit of an Anglo-Russian rapprochement even before it actually resulted in an Entente.
At a very critical moment, when the Kaiser had actually mesmerized Nicholas II into the conclusion of a secret and personal convention at Bjdrko, which purported to aim at a defensive agreement, but would have led by necessity to the disruption of the FrancoRussian Alliance and to the vassalage of Russia in a continental league against England, Count Benckendorff was invited to Copenhagen and had an opportunity of serving as a confidential intermediary between Russia and Great Britain.
He afterwards accepted the situation of secretary to count de Brenner, which afforded him an opportunity of seeing Germany and Italy.
On the extinction of this family in 1248, most of their fiefs were given by the two bishops to the father-in-law of the last lord of Andechs, Albert, count of Tirol.
He was the son of General Count Nicholas Muraviev (governor of Grodno), and grandson of the Count Michael Muraviev, who became notorious for his drastic measures in stamping out the st Polish insurrection of 1863 in the Lithuanian provinces.
When the Tsar Nicholas inaugurated the Peace Conference at the Hague, Count Muraviev extricated his country from a situation of some embarrassment; but when, subsequently, Russian agents in Manchuria and at Peking connived at the agitation which culminated in the Boxer rising of 5900, the relations of the responsible foreign minister with the tsar became strained.
The cathedral is in origin Romanesque,' but has been much altered, and was restored in 1888 by Count Giuseppe Sacconi (1855-1905).
Hippolyte de Bethune, count of Selles and marquis of Chabris, who died in 1665, bequeathed to the king a magnificent collection of historical documents and works of art.
He married Hatburg, a daughter of Irwin, count of Merseburg, but as she had taken the veil on the death of a former husband this union was declared illegal by the church, and in 909 he married Matilda, daughter of a Saxon count named Thiederich, and a reputed descendant of the hero Widukind.
In 921 Charles recognized Henry as king of the East Franks, and when in 9 2 3 the French king was taken prisoner by Herbert, count of Vermandois, Lorraine came under Henry's authority, and Giselbert, who married his daughter Gerberga, was recognized as duke.
In 783 the king, having lost his wife Hildegarde, married Fastrada, the daughter of a Frankish count named Radolf; and in the same year his mother Bertha died.
He and his bastard brother, Alexander, were joined by the former favourite, Georges de la Tremoille, John V., duke of Brittany, who allied himself with the English, the duke of Alencon, the count of Vendome, and captains of mercenaries like Antoine de Chabannes, or Jean de la Roche.
At the same time her extravagance in dress, jewelry and amusements (including the gardens and theatricals at Trianon, of the cost of which such exaggerated reports were spread about) and her presence at horse-races and masked balls in Paris without the king, gave rise to great scandal, which was seized upon by her enemies, among whom were Mesdames, the count of Provence, and the duke of Orleans and the Palais Royal clique.
Feeling herself helpless and almost isolated in Paris, she now relied chiefly on her friends outside France - Mercy, Count Axel Fersen, and the baron de Breteuil; and it was by their help and that of Bouille that after the death of Mirabeau, on the 8th of April 1791, the plan was arranged of escaping to Montmedy, which ended in the flight to Varennes (June 21, 1791).
It is true that Harnack has adduced arguments which cannot be discussed here to prove that Irenaeus was not born till about 140; 15 but against this we may quote the decision of Lipsius, who puts the date of his birth at 130, 16 while Lightfoot argues for 120.17 The fact that Irenaeus never quotes Polycarp does not count for much.
To the atomist the true method of estimating the quantity of matter in a body is to count the atoms of it.
After the death of the count palatine, bishop of Naumburg-Zeitz, he was installed there (January 20, 1542), though in opposition to the chapter, by the elector of Saxony and Luther.
Making their way inland, three young Germans, Karl Peters, Joachim Count Pfeil and Dr Jiihlke, concluded a "treaty" in November 1884 with a chieftain in Usambara who was declared to be independent of Zanzibar.
Count von Gdtzen (governor 1901-1906) adopted the policy of maintaining the authority of native rulers as far as possible, but as over the greater part of the colony the natives have no political organizations of any size, the chief burden of government rests on the German authorities.
Charles Albert no doubt was aware of this, but he never actually became a Carbonaro, and was surprised and startled when after the outbreak of the Neapolitan revolution of 1820 some of the leading conspirators in the Piedmontese army, including Count Santorre di Santarosa and Count San Marzano, informed him that a military rising was ready and that they counted on his help (2nd March 1821).
Albert, who had married Elizabeth, daughter of Hermann III., count of Orlamiinde, after the death of his second wife in 1286, died on the 13th of November 1314.
In the adjacent gardens an open rotunda encloses a marble bust of the philosopher Leibnitz, and near it is a monument to General Count von Alten, the commander of the Hanoverian troops at Waterloo.
Strabo describes them as tall, well made, and in character simple and honest; he says that payment was in kind and that the people could not count beyond a hundred.
There was an end to the calumnies circulated against her, based on the poetical homage rendered her by Theobald IV., count of Champagne, and the prolonged stay in Paris of the papal legate, Romano Bonaventura, cardinal of Sant' Angelo.
When he resigned office in the early 'eighties he established the Semmon Gako, or school for special studies, at the cost of the 30,000 yen which had been voted him when he received the title of count, and subsequently he was instrumental in founding other schools and colleges.
Through some misunderstanding, he reported on his return that the count had accepted all the terms offered, including the retention of the tricolour flag; and the count published a formal denial.
Lambert, a former count of Nantes, after devastating Anjou in concert with Nominoe, duke of Brittany, had by the end of the year 851 succeeded in occupying all the western part as far as the Mayenne.
In the second quarter of the 10th century Fulk the Red had already usurped the title of count, which his descendants kept for three centuries.
Geoffrey Greytunic succeeded in making the count of Nantes his vassal, and in obtaining from the duke of Aquitaine the concession in fief of the district of Loudun.
Nerra (21st of July 987-21st of June 1040) found himself confronted on his accession with a coalition of Odo I., count of Blois, and Conan I., count of Rennes.
Then turning his attention to the count of Blois, he proceeded to establish a fortress at Langeais, a few miles from Tours, from which, thanks to the intervention of the king Hugh Capet, Odo failed to oust him.
Finally, the victory gained by Geoffrey Martel (21st of June 1040-14th of November 1060), the son and successor of Fulk, over Theobald III., count of Blois, at Nouy (21st of August 10 44), assured to the Angevins the possession of the countship of Touraine.
Rechin (1068-14th of April 1109) had to carry on a long struggle with his barons, to cede Gatinais to King Philip I., and to do homage to the count of Blois for Touraine.
Later, he upheld Elias, lord of La Fleche, against William Rufus, king of England, and on the recognition of Elias as count of Maine in 1100, obtained for Fulk the Young, his son by Bertrade de Montfort, the hand of Eremburge, Elias's daughter and sole heiress.
Having been abruptly recalled into Anjou by a revolt of his barons, he returned to the charge in September 1136 with a strong army, including in its ranks William, duke of Aquitaine, Geoffrey, count of Vendome, and William Talvas, count of Ponthieu, but after a few successes was wounded in the foot at the siege of Le Sap (October 1) and had to fall back.
In 1139 Geoffrey took Mirebeau, and in 1142 Champtoceaux, but in 1145 a new revolt broke out, this time under the leadership of Elias, the count's own brother, who, again with the assistance of Robert of Sable, laid claim to the countship of Maine.
He therefore set himself up in rivalry with John Lackland, youngest son of Henry II., and supported by Philip Augustus of France, and aided by William des Roches, seneschal of Anjou, he managed to enter Angers (18th of April 1199) and there have himself recognized as count of the three countships of Anjou, Maine and Touraine, for which he did homage to the king of France.
King John soon regained the upper hand, for Philip Augustus having deserted Arthur by the treaty of Le Goulet (22nd of May 1200), John made his way into Anjou; and on the 18th of June 1200 was recognized as count at Angers.
On the other hand, the State, which could count upon the support of an ever-increasing number of prosperous and loyal subjects, sought to protect its own interests and showed itself less and less inclined to tolerate the extreme claims of the pope.
The position and influence of Lothair in Saxony, already considerable, was increased when in 1 ioo he married Richenza, daughter of Henry, count of Nordheim, who became an heiress on her father's death in 1101, and inherited other estates when her brother Otto died childless in 1116.
A second rising was caused when, on the death of Ulrich II., count of Weimar and OrlamUnde, without issue in 1112, Henry seized these counties as vacant fiefs of the empire, while Lothair supported the claim of Siegfried, count of Ballenstadt, whose mother was a relative of Ulrich.
Lothair, unable to capture Nuremberg, gained the support of Henry the Proud, the new duke of Bavaria, by giving him his daughter, Gertrude, in marriage, and that of Conrad, count of Zahringen, by granting him the administration of the kingdom of Burgundy, or Arles.
Early in the 12th century Burkhard, a younger son of Frederick I., secured the county of Hohenberg, and this district remained in the possession of the Hohenzollerns until the death of Count Sigismund in 1486.
The influence of the Swabian branch of the Hohenzollerns was weakened by several partitions of its lands; but early in the 16th century it rose to some eminence through Count Eitel Frederick II.
In feudal subordination to him a royal count, who was also Vogt (advocatus) of the cathedral church of St Martin, had his seat at Utrecht as the chief town of the Gouw (Gau, pagus) of Ifterlake.
The ultra-Calvinistic Adolph, count of Nuenar, who was elected stadtholder,overthrew the aristocratic government and placed the people in power.
In the 10th century Count Bernard of Armagnac founded the Benedictine abbey of St Orens, the monks of which, till 1308, shared the jurisdiction over Auch with the archbishops - an arrangement which gave rise to constant strife.
During the Religious Wars of the 16th century Auch remained Catholic, except for a short occupation in 1569 by the Huguenots under Gabriel, count of Montgomery.
In the same year he was despatched with a fleet to watch the movements of the Count d'Estaing, and in July 1779 fought an indecisive engagement with him off Grenada.
The count Ugolino was afterwards starved to death with several of his sons and grandsons in the manner made familiar by the 32nd canto of Dante's Inferno.
The latter was held in the time of the Confessor by a thegn of St Petrock and at the time of the survey by Robert, count of Mortain, of the same saint.
The bishop, or count, on whose lands the peace was violated was vested with judicial power, and was directed, in case he was himself unable to execute sentence, to summon to his assistance the laymen and even the clerics of the diocese, all of whom were required to take a solemn oath to observe and enforce the peace.
Randers is best known in history as the scene of the assassination of Count Gerhard by Niels Ebbesdn in 1340.
Haarlem, which was a prosperous place in the middle of the 12th century, received its first town charter from William II., count of Holland and king of the Romans, in 1245.
He joined Napoleon during the Hundred Days and was made minister of the interior, the office carrying with it the dignity of count, an .d on the 2nd of June he was made a peer of France.
The fighting strength of the children of Israel at the Exodus was ascertained by a count of all males of twenty years old and upwards, made by enumerators appointed for each clan.
It seems not improbable that in the latter, where the difficulties incident to a count during the summer are almost insurmountable, serious omissions occurred.
He had previously been made lord of La Roche-Tesson (1361) and chamberlain (1364); he was now made count of Longueville and lieutenant of Normandy.
He marched with them into Spain, supported Henry of Trastamara against Pedro the Cruel, set the former upon the throne of Castile (1366), and was made constable of Ca stile and count of Trastamara.
He received the grand cross of the Legion of Honour and the title of count, was a member of Napoleon's privy council, but was never in high favour at court.
He was then taken to Europe and his brother Bertrand gave him the countship of Rouergue; in his tenth year, upon Bertrand's death (1112), he succeeded to the countship of Toulouse and marquisate of Provence, but Toulouse was taken from him by William IX., count of Poitiers, in 1114.
On his return to Vienna in 1756 he became famous as teacher and composer, in 1759 he was appointed conductor to the private band of Count Morzin, for whom he wrote several orchestral works (including a symphony in D major erroneously called his first), and in 1760 he was promoted to the sub-directorship of Prince Paul Esterhazy's Kapelle, at that time the best in Austria.
During the tenure of his appointment with Count Morzin he married the daughter of a Viennese hairdresser named Keller, who had befriended him in his days of poverty, but the marriage turned out ill and he was shortly afterwards separated from his wife, though he continued to support her until her death in 1 Boo.
But as the pitch of the one rises the beats become a jar too frequent to count, and only perhaps to a trained ear recognizable as beats.
Pellico had in the meantime continued his work as tutor, first to the unfortunate son of Count Briche, and then to the two sons of Count Porro Lambertenghi.
The Eastern protective detachment, now strengthened and placed under the orders of Count Keller, was disposed with a view to countering any advance on Liao-Yang from the east by a combination of manoeuvre and fighting.
At night, discouraged on each wing by the fall of Count Keller and the fate of the 35th and 36th, the whole Russian force retired on Anping, with a loss of 2400, to the Japanese r000 men.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 4
|
https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/king-rudolph-i-hapsburg-and-gertrude-of-hohenberg/
|
en
|
King Rudolph I Hapsburg and Gertrude of Hohenberg my 21st Great Grandparents
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/cropped-stemma-piromallo-capece-1.gif?fit=69%2C74&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Hapsburg.png?fit=209%2C241&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Rudolph.jpg?fit=259%2C194&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/cdn.britannica.com/s:500x350/20/25820-004-2A0836C2.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Hohenberg.png?fit=204%2C247&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Gertrude.jpg?fit=194%2C259&ssl=1",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gertrud_von_Hohenberg.jpg/220px-Gertrud_von_Hohenberg.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Isabella-DEste-2.jpg?fit=281%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2021-08-17-at-10.09.34-AM.png?fit=262%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/obiettivo-for-ad.jpeg?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/007-big.jpg?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/rooting-new.jpg?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Screen-Shot-2021-11-27-at-9.17.28-AM.png?fit=1200%2C532&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Marino-Caracciolo-III.jpg?fit=220%2C171&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1830-Joseph-Ludwig-am-Rhyn-trascinato.jpeg?fit=480%2C496&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/aust.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/pcp01-150x150.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/800px-Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg.png?fit=800%2C800&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/DNA.jpg?fit=680%2C382&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Regione-Abruzzo-Stemma.svg.png?fit=800%2C1055&ssl=1&resize=40%2C40",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-23-at-8.21.25 AM.png?ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/banners/abruzzo-ad.jpg?ssl=1",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-includes/images/rss.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.paypal.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif?resize=1%2C1&ssl=1",
"https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Italian-Roots-2.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Bob"
] |
2019-01-31T08:27:10+00:00
|
Relationship to King Rudolph I Rudolf I, also called Rudolf of Habsburg, (born May 1, 1218, Limburg-im-Breisgau [Germany]—died July 15, 1291, Speyer), first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. Rudolf I, detail from his tomb sculpture; in the cathedral of Speyer, Ger.Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c.1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen […]
|
en
|
Italian Genealogy
|
https://www.italiangenealogy.blog/king-rudolph-i-hapsburg-and-gertrude-of-hohenberg/
|
Relationship to King Rudolph I
Rudolf I, also called Rudolf of Habsburg, (born May 1, 1218, Limburg-im-Breisgau [Germany]—died July 15, 1291, Speyer), first German king of the Habsburg dynasty.
A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c.1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV, he increased his territories largely at the expense of his uncle, Count Hartmann of Kyburg, and his cousin, Count Hartmann the Younger, who supported the papal cause against the Hohenstaufens. Rudolf’s first marriage (c.1245), to Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloch, also added considerable property to his domains. In 1254 he assisted the Knights of the Teutonic Order by participating in a crusade in Prussia.
Rudolf ’s election as German king at Frankfurt was hastened by the desire of the electors to exclude an increasingly powerful rival candidate of non-German birth, Otakar II of Bohemia. Crowned at Aachen on Oct. 24, 1273, Rudolf was recognized by Pope Gregory X in September 1274 on the condition that he would renounce all imperial rights in Rome, in the papal territories, and in Italy and to lead a new crusade. In 1275 the pope managed to persuade Alfonso X of Castile (whom some of the German electors had chosen king in April 1257) to abandon his claim to the German crown.
Meanwhile Otakar II of Bohemia had been gaining control of Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola. When in 1274 Otakar refused to appear before an imperial diet to show cause for his actions, Rudolf placed him under the ban of the empire and led an army into Austria, where he defeated Otakar in 1276. In 1278 Otakar, attempting to reconquer the territories he had lost to Rudolf, invaded Austria; he was again defeated and killed at the Battle of Dürnkrut (August 26).
In 1282 Rudolf received permission from the German princes to grant to his sons the territories recovered from Otakar, and in December of that year he granted Austria and Styria to his sons Albert and Rudolf, thus constituting the territorial nucleus of the future Habsburg power.
Rudolf combated the expansionist policy of France on his western frontier by marrying (his first wife having died in 1281) Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, and by compelling Otto IV, Count Palatine of Franche-Comté, to pay homage (1289). French influence at the papal court, however, prevented Rudolf from being crowned Holy Roman emperor by the pope.
Rudolf made great efforts, in concert with the territorial princes, to enforce the public peace (Landfriede) in Germany, and in 1274 he reasserted the right of the monarchy to impose taxation on the cities. He was, however, unsuccessful in his efforts, between 1287 and 1291, to secure the election of his elder son Albert as German king or king of the Romans. The German electors were determined that the crown should not become a hereditary possession of the House of Habsburg, and thus the electors’ freedom of action remained intact at the time of Rudolf’s death.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 50
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
en
|
1291) » Ancestral Trails 2016 » Genealogy Online
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
[
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/waarschuwing2.png",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-pp.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-p.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-c.gif",
"https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/logo/aanknopingspunten.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"pedigree research",
"genealogy",
"pedigree",
"ancestors",
"ancesteral tree making",
"prayer cards",
"gedcom"
] | null |
[
"Patti Lee Salter"
] | null |
Rudolf von HABSBURG was born on May 1, 1218 in Schloss Limburgh, Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl, Breisgau, Germany, son of Albrecht von HABSBURG and Heilwig von KYBURG. He was married on February 6, 1284 to Isabella de BURGUNDY. He was married in the year 1251 in Alsace, Bas-Rhein, France to Gertrude Anna von HOHENBERG, they had 9 children. He died on July 15, 1291 in Speyer, Speyer, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. This information is part of Ancestral Trails 2016 by Patti Lee Salter on Genealogy Online.
|
en
|
Genealogy Online
|
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/ancestral-trails-2016/I107827.php
|
Personal data Rudolf von HABSBURG I
Source 1
He was born on May 1, 1218 in Schloss Limburgh, Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl, Breisgau, Germany.
Title: King of Germany/Count of Habsburg
(Ancestry) : House of Habsburg.
He died on July 15, 1291 in Speyer, Speyer, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany , he was 73 years old.
He is buried July 1291 in Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Rheinland-Palatinate, Germany.
A child of Albrecht von HABSBURG and Heilwig von KYBURG
Household of Rudolf von HABSBURG I
(1) He is married to Isabella de BURGUNDY.
They got married on February 6, 1284, he was 65 years old.
(2) He is married to Gertrude Anna von HOHENBERG.
They got married in the year 1251 at Alsace, Bas-Rhein, France, he was 32 years old.
Child(ren):
Notes about Rudolf von HABSBURG I
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291), was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria against his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories would remain under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, they would form the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria
The first German king of the Habsburg dynasty, he played a vital role in raising the comital house to the rank of Imperial princes. He was also the first in a number of late medieval count-kings, so-called by the historian Bernd Schneidmüller, from the rivalling noble houses of Habsburg, Luxembourg, and Wittelsbach, all striving after the Roman-German royal dignity, which ultimately was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1438.
Rudolf was born on 1 May 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. At his father's death in 1239, he inherited large estates from him around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. As a result, he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad, due to ongoing political conflicts between the Emperor, who held the Kingdom of Sicily and wanted to reestablish his power in the Imperial Kingdom of Italy, especially in the Lombardy region, and the Papacy, whose States lay in between and feared being overpowered by the Emperor.
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1245, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden - 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 - 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Catherine (1256 - 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257 - 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxony and became the mother of Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262 - after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden - 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 - 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Judith of Habsburg (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271 - 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anne of Bohemia (1290-1313), duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292-1330), countess of Luxembourg.
Charles (1276-1276)
Rudolf's last agnatic descendant was Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress (1717-1780), by Albert I of Germany's fourth son Albert II, Duke of Austria.
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291, and was buried in the Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern parts of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of the Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
SOURCE: Wikipedia
Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Czech: Rudolf Habsburský), 1 May 1218 - 15 July 1291, was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and the elected King of the Romans from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria in opposition to his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria.
Rudolf was the first king of the Romans of the Habsburg dynasty, and he played a vital role in raising the comital house to the rank of Imperial princes. He was also the first of a number of late medieval count-kings, so called by the historian Bernd Schneidmüller, from the rival noble houses of Habsburg, Luxembourg, and Wittelsbach, all striving after the Roman-German royal dignity, which ultimately was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1438.
Rudolf was born on 1 May 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and of Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. Around 1232, he was given as a squire to his uncle, Rudolf I, Count of Laufenburg, to train in knightly pursuits.
Count of Habsburg
At his father's death in 1239, he inherited large estates from him around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. Thus, in 1240 in order to quell the rising power of Rudolf and in an attempt to place the important "Devil’s Bridge" (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schöllenenschlucht under his direct control, Emperor Frederick II, granted Schwyz Reichsfreiheit in the Freibrief von Faenza.
In 1242, Hugh of Tuffenstein provoked Count Rudolf through contumelious expressions.[clarification needed] In turn, the Count of Habsburg had invaded his domains, yet failed to take his seat of power. As the day passed on[clarification needed], Count Rudolf bribed the sentinels of the city and gained entry, killing Hugh in the process. Then in 1244, to help control Lake Lucerne and restrict the neighboring forest communities of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, Rudolf built near its shores Neuhabsburg Castle. In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. He received as her dowry the castles of Oettingen, the valley of Weile, and other places in Alsace, and he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy. That same year, Emperor Frederick II was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV at the Council of Lyon. Rudolf sided against the Emperor, while the forest communities sided with Frederick. This gave them a pretext to attack and damage Neuhabsburg. Rudolf successfully defended it and drove them off. As a result, Rudolf, by siding with the Pope, gained more power and influence.
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he engaged with other nobles of the Staufen party against Bertold II, Bishop of Basle. When night fell, he penetrated the suburbs of Basle and burnt down the local nunnery. Pope Innocent IV excommunicated him and all parties involved. As penance, he took up the cross and joined Ottokar II, King of Bohemia in the Prussian Crusade of 1254. Whilst there, he oversaw the founding of the city of Königsberg, which was named in memory of King Ottokar.
King of the Germans
Rudolf was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolf renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, despite the protests of Ottokar II of Bohemia, not only recognised Rudolf himself, but persuaded King Alfonso X of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German (anti-)king in 1257 as the successor to Count William II of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolf surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty whom he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274, the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg decided that all Crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that King Ottokar II must answer to the Diet for not recognising the new king. Ottokar refused to appear or to restore the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia together with the March of Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Margrave Hermann VI of Baden. Rudolf refuted Ottokar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the Imperial crown due to the lack of male-line heirs. King Ottokar was placed under the imperial ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him.
Having persuaded Ottokar's former ally Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria to switch sides, Rudolf compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then re-invested Ottokar with the Kingdom of Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Ottokar's son Wenceslaus II, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Ottokar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, and procured the support of several German princes, again including Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolf formed an alliance with King Ladislaus IV of Hungary and gave additional privileges to the Viennese citizens. On 26 August 1278, the rival armies met at the Battle on the Marchfeld, where Ottokar was defeated and killed. The March of Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolf's representatives, leaving Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Slavonia in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus II was again betrothed to Rudolf's youngest daughter Judith.
Rudolf's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, at the Hoftag (imperial diet) in Augsburg, Rudolf invested his sons, Albert and Rudolf II, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, a merely titular dignity, as the duchy had been without an actual ruler since Conradin's execution.[citation needed] The 27-year-old Duke Albert, married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (1238-95), was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286, King Rudolf fully invested Albert's father-in-law Count Meinhard with the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the conquered provinces taken from Ottokar. The Princes of the Empire did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too. Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Count Philip I of Savoy to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing. In 1289 he marched against Count Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281, Rudolf's first wife died. On 5 February 1284, he married Isabella, daughter of Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy, the Empire's western neighbor in the Kingdom of France.
Rudolf was not very successful in restoring internal peace. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of landpeaces[clarification needed] in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and afterwards for the whole Empire. But the king lacked the power, resources, and determination to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia, where he destroyed a number of robber castles. In 1291, he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. The electors refused, however, claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, wary of the increasing power of the House of Habsburg. Upon Rudolf's death they elected Count Adolf of Nassau.
Death
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291 and was buried in Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert, afterwards the German king Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Katharina who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern part of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
Family and children
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1251, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (ca. 1253, Rheinfelden - 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 - 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Catherine (1256 - 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes [Gertrude] (ca. 1257 - 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxony and became the mother of Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
Hedwig (ca. 1259 - 26 January 1285/27 October 1286), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue.
Clementia (ca. 1262 - after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden - 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 - 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Judith of Habsburg (Jutte/Bona) (13 March 1271 - 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anne of Bohemia (1290-1313), duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292-1330), countess of Luxembourg.
Samson (bef. 19 Oct 1275 - died young).
Charles (14 February 1276 - 16 August 1276).
Rudolf's last agnatic descendant was Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress (1717-1780), by Albert I of Germany's fourth son Albert II, Duke of Austria.
SOURCE: Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany
Do you have supplementary information, corrections or questions with regards to Rudolf von HABSBURG I?
The author of this publication would love to hear from you!
Timeline Rudolf von HABSBURG I
This functionality is only available in Javascript supporting browsers.
|
|||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 27
|
https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~dearbornboutwell/school-alumni/fam6067.html
|
en
|
Family of Louis II and Matilda of HABSBURG
|
[
"https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~dearbornboutwell/school-alumni/rose%20for%20genealogy%20site.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Husband: Louis II (1229-1294) Wife: Matilda of HABSBURG (1253-1304) Children: Agnes (1267- ) Rudolf I (1274- ) Mechtild (1275- ) Ludwig IV (1282- ) Marriage 27 Oct 1273
Husband: Louis II
Name: Louis II Sex: Male Father: Otto II (1206-1253) Mother: Agnes of PALATINATE (1201-1267) Birth 13 Apr 1229 Occupation Duke of Upper Bavaria Death 2 Feb 1294 (age 64)
Wife: Matilda of HABSBURG
Name: Matilda of HABSBURG Sex: Female Father: Rudolph I of GERMANY (1218-1291) Mother: Gertude of HOHENBERG (1225-1281) Birth 1253 Rheinfelden Occupation Duchess Consort of Bavaria Death 23 Dec 1304 (age 50-51) Munich, Bavaria
Child 1: Agnes
Name: Agnes Sex: Female Birth 1267
Child 2: Rudolf I
Name: Rudolf I Sex: Male Birth 4 Oct 1274
Child 3: Mechtild
Name: Mechtild Sex: Female Birth 1275
Child 4: Ludwig IV
Name: Ludwig IV Sex: Male Birth 1 Apr 1282
Note on Husband: Louis II
Duke Louis II of Bavaria (German: Ludwig II der Strenge, Herzog von Bayern, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein) (13 April 1229 â 2 February 1294) was Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1253. Born in Heidelberg, he was a son of duke Otto II and Agnes of Palatinate. She was a daughter of the Welf Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, her grandfathers were Henry XII the Lion and Conrad of Hohenstaufen.
The young Louis supported in 1246 his brother-in-law King Conrad IV of Germany against the usurpation of Heinrich Raspe. In 1251 Louis was at war again against the bishop of Regensburg.
Louis succeeded his father Otto as Duke of Bavaria in 1253. When the Wittelsbach country was divided in 1255 among Otto's sons, Louis received the Palatinate and Upper Bavaria, while his brother duke Henry XIII of Bavaria received Lower Bavaria. This partition was against the law and therefore caused the anger of the bishops in Bavaria who allied themselves with king Otakar II of Bohemia in 1257. In August 1257 Ottokar invaded Bavaria, but Louis and Henry managed to repulse the attack. It was one of the rare concerted and harmonious actions of the two brothers, who often argued.
Louis resided in Munich and Heidelberg Castle. As one of the Prince-electors of the empire he was strongly involved in the royal elections for forty years. During the German interregnum after King William's death in 1256 Louis supported King Richard of Cornwall. Together with his brother, Louis also aided his young Hohenstaufen nephew Conradin in his duchy of Swabia, but it was not possible to enforce Conradin's election as German king. As a result of his support for the Hohenstaufen, Louis was banned by the pope in 1266. In 1267 when his nephew crossed the Alps with an army, Louis accompanied Conradin only to Verona. After the young prince's execution in Naples in 1268, Louis inherited some of Conradin's possessions in Swabia and supported the election of the Habsburg Rudolph I against Ottokar II in 1273. On 26 August 1278 the armies of Rudolph and Louis met Otakar's forces on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Otakar was defeated and killed. In 1289 the electoral dignity of Bavaria passed to Bohemia again, but Louis remained an elector as Count Palatine of the Rhine. After Rudolph's death in 1291 Louis could not enforce the election of his Habsburg brother-in-law Albert I against Adolf of Nassau.
Louis died at Heidelberg. His eldest surviving son Rudolf succeeded him, with Adolf of Nassau becoming his father-in-law a few months later. Louis was buried in the crypt of Fürstenfeld Abbey.
[edit] Family and children
Louis II with his first two wives Marie of Brabant (middle) and Anna of Glogau (right), 16th centuryLouis II was married three times.
[edit] The execution of Marie of BrabantHe had his first wife Marie of Brabant âa daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufenâ executed in Donauwörth in 1256 due to mistaken suspicion of adultery; back in those days the punishment for an adulterous wife was beheading. Any actual guilt on her part could never be validated. As expiation Louis founded the Cistercian friary Fürstenfeld Abbey (Fürstenfeldbruck) near Munich.
Different sources tell varying tales about how this terrible mistake could happen in the first place: In 1256 Louis had been away from home for an extended time, due to his responsibilities as a sovereign in the area of the Rhine. His wife wrote two letters, one to her husband, and another to the earl of Kyburg at Hunsrück, a vassal of Louis. Details about the actual content of the second letter vary, but according to the chroniclers the messenger who carried the letter to Ludwig had been given the wrong one, and Louis came to the conclusion that his wife had a secret love affair.
Over time a great many tales of folklore sprang up around Louis' bloody deed, most of them written long after his death: Ballad-mongers embellished the tale into a murderous frenzy, during which Louis allegedly not only killed his wife after having ridden home for five days and nights, but also stabbed the messenger who brought him the wrong letter, then upon entering his castle stabbed his own castellan and a court lady and threw his wife's maid from the battlements, before he massacred his wife either by stabbing her or cutting off her head.
Several more restrained chronicles support the account of Marie's execution on January 18, 1256 in Donauwörth at castle Mangoldstein by ducal decree for alleged adultery, but nothing beyond that.
[edit] Later marriages
Louis' third wife, Matilda of HabsburgIn 1260 Louis married his second wife Anna of Glogau. They had the following children:
1.Maria (b. 1261), a nun in Marienburg abbey.
2.Ludwig (13 September 1267â23 November 1290, killed at a tournament at Nuremberg.
He married his third wife Matilda of Habsburg, one of king Rudolph's daughters, on 27 October 1273. Their children were:
1.Agnes (ca. 1267/77â1345), married to:
1.1290 in Donauwörth Landgrave Henry II of Hesse;
2.1298/1303 Heinrich I "Ohneland" ("Lackland"), Margrave of Brandenburg.
2.Rudolf I (4 October 1274, Basleâ12 August 1319).
3.Mechthild (1275â28 March 1319, Lüneburg), married 1288 to Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
4.Ludwig IV (1 April 1282, Munichâ11 October 1347, Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck).
Louis II was succeeded by his oldest son Rudolf.
Note on Wife: Matilda of HABSBURG
Matilda of Habsburg or Melchilde (Rheinfelden, 1253[1]-Munich, Bavaria, 23 December 1304) was the eldest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenburg. She was regent of Bavaria in the minority of her son.
Matilda was the fourth of nine children, her younger sister, Judith married Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was the mother of ten children, among them were Wenceslaus III of Bohemia and Elisabeth, Queen of Bohemia. Her sister Clementia married Charles Martel of Anjou and was mother of Charles I of Hungary.
Matilda's maternal grandparents were Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen. Her paternal grandparents were Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and his wife Hedwig of Kyburg.
[edit] Biography[edit] MarriageOn the 24 October 1273, Matilda married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria in Aachen, she was his third and final wife. There was a large age difference, Louis was twenty three years older than Matilda.
Matilda and Louis had the following children:
1.Agnes (d.1345), married to:
1.1290 in Donauwörth Landgrave Henry II of Hesse;
2.1298/1303 Heinrich I "Ohneland" ("Lackland"), Margrave of Brandenburg.
2.Rudolf I (4 October 1274, Basleâ12 August 1319).
3.Mechthild (1275â28 March 1319, Lüneburg), married 1288 to Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
4.Ludwig IV (1 April 1282, Munichâ11 October 1347, Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck).
[edit] Widowhood and RegencyOn her husband's death in 1294, Matilda acted as regent for her young son Rudolf. A decision was made for Matilda to take part of the duchy and her son to take the other part. Matilda took a large part of Upper Bavaria while her son took the cities such as: Ingolstadt, Neuberg, Langenfeld and Rietberg. Within a couple of years her son came of age and ruled the kingdom by himself.
Though Matilda had her younger son, Louis partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf I in Upper Bavaria in 1301 with the support of Matilda and her brother King Albert I, he quarrelled with the Habsburgs from 1307 over possessions in Lower Bavaria. A civil war against his brother Rudolf due to new disputes on the partition of their lands was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich.
Matilda and Rudolf continued to be at odds and in 1302 Matilda was arrested by Rudolf and brought to München, where she signed an agreement promising never to interfere in the government again, but as soon as she was outside the boarders of Bavaria, Matilda declared the agreement null and void, and got the support of her brother, Albert, Louis the Bavarian and others.[2]
Matilda's son, Louis defeated his Habsburg cousin Frederick the Handsome. Originally, he was a friend of Frederick, with whom he had been raised. However, armed conflict arose when the tutelage over the young Dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV) was entrusted to Frederick. On November 9, 1313, Frederick was beaten by Louis in the Battle of Gamelsdorf and had to renounce the tutelage.[3][4]
Matilda died on 23 December 1304 at Munich, Bavaria.
|
||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 70
|
https://knowledgezone.co.in/topics/explorer%3Ftopic%3DRudolf%2520II,%2520Margrave%2520of%2520Baden-Baden
|
en
|
Your Gateway to Knowledge
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Knowledge",
"Career",
"Job",
"Scholarsip",
"Admission",
"Course",
"Bookmarks",
"Quiz",
"Examination"
] | null |
[] | null |
Knowledge Zone - Social Knowledge Sharing Platform
|
en
|
/assets/images/icons/kzone_icon.png
|
Knowledge Zone
|
https://knowledgezon.co.in/
| |||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 86
|
https://alchetron.com/Judith-of-Habsburg
|
en
|
Judith of Habsburg
|
[
"https://alchetron.com/cdn/private_file_1517239952900eaa7af56-1e91-4a1f-99a7-83a80c00bac.jpg",
"https://alchetron.com/cdn/judith-of-habsburg-d2bed326-09c9-4f3b-bc4e-5eab987ef31-resize-750.jpg",
"https://alchetron.com/cdn/judith-of-habsburg-83d8d0d7-de07-42b7-ab52-d1a700b4bd8-resize-750.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00
|
Judith (13 March 1271 21 May 1297), also named Guta (Czech Guta Habsbursk), a member of the House of Habsburg, was the youngest daughter of King Rudolf I of Germany and his wife Gertrude of Hohenburg. She was Queen consort of Bohemia and Poland from 1285 until her death, by her marriage with the
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Alchetron.com
|
https://alchetron.com/Judith-of-Habsburg
|
Biography
Judith was born in the Swabian town of Rheinfelden, where her father still resided as a count (Graf) before he was elected King of the Romans in 1273. When she was five, she became the object of her father's political plans: on 21 October 1276 King Rudolf accepted the homage of his bitter rival King Ottokar II of Bohemia in the Austrian capital Vienna, and to seal the peace, both decided that Judith should marry Ottokar's son and heir Prince Wenceslaus II. The agreement, however, did not last and the conflict erupted again, ending with King Ottokar's final defeat and death in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld.
In order to secure his rule, King Rudolf entered a successful marriage policy. Judith's elder sisters also married powerful kings and dukes: in 1273 Matilda married the Wittelsbach duke Louis II of Bavaria, and her sister Clemence married Prince Charles Martel of Anjou, son of King Charles II of Naples, in 1281. Rudolf's daughter Agnes married the Ascanian duke Albert II of Saxony, her sister Hedwig maried Margrave Otto VI of Brandenburg.
After King Ottokar's death, the Brandenburg margrave Otto V had guardianship over minor Prince Wenceslaus II, acting as Bohemian regent. After conflicts arose with Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Halych, Margrave Otto temporarily held Wenceslaus as a prisoner at Bezděz Castle and in the Ascanian fortress of Spandau in Brandenburg. He did not return to Prague until 1283.
As part of a reconciliation process, the formal engagement between Judith and Wenceslaus was renewed in 1279 at Jihlava; nevertheless, the bridal couple did not met until in January 1285 a wedding ceremony was held by the Přemyslid and Habsburg dynasties in the City of Cheb (Eger). The bride was given a dowry "from the Duchy of Austria, Moravian border to the border of Danube". The ceremony in Cheb was followed by a "festive" wedding night, but soon after, King Rudolf took Judith back to Germany, since she was still of a young age. Moreover, the morganatic second marriage of Wenceslaus' mother Kunigunda with the Bohemian noble Zavis of Falkenstein appeared inacceptable to the king.
Though Kunigunda died later in that year and Wenceslaus II had sworn an oath of fealty (Lehnseid) to Rudolf in order to receive his Bohemian heritage, his coronation as King of Bohemia had to be postponed as Judith was not present. In Summer 1287, she did eventually leave her family in Germany and came to the Prague court to be with her husband. One year later, Wenceslaus took over the political power. Like King Rudolf, Judith hated Wenceslaus' stepfather Zavis of Falkenstein, who had acted as regent with the dowager queen Kunigunda. Judith urged Wenceslaus bring Zavis to trial and he was eventually arrested and executed at Hluboká Castle in 1290, five years after the death of Kunigunda.
Upon her father's death in 1291, Judith further tried to reconcile her husband with Rudolf's son and heir Albert of Habsburg, her elder brother, who struggled for his succession with Count Adolf of Nassau. She also brought German influences to the Prague court, like the introduction of knights, and made Prague a cultural centre of the Holy Roman Empire.
Judith and her husband Wenceslaus II were finally crowned Queen and King of Bohemia on 2 June 1297. Judith was not in good health at the time, having just given birth to her tenth child. She died a few weeks after the ceremony in Prague, at age twenty-six. She had been pregnant during much of her twelve years of marriage, giving birth almost once per year. Worn out, she died shortly after giving birth to her youngest child and namesake, the stillborn Judith. In 1303 her husband went on to marry the Piast princess Elizabeth Richeza of Poland, who bore him another daughter, Agnes.
According to the family chronicles, Judith was described as beautiful, noble and virtuous. She supported her husband's claim on the Kingdom of Poland, where he ruled over the Seniorate Province at Kraków since 1291 and was able to succeed King Przemysł II in 1296. All of the Habsburg rulers over the Lands of the Bohemian Crown from 1526 onward were descended from Judith through her daughter Elizabeth.
Issue
Wenceslaus II and Judith had ten children:
Přemysl Otakar (6 May 1288 – 19 November 1288).
Wenceslaus III (6 October 1289 – 4 August 1306); King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and King of Poland.
Agnes (6 October 1289 – after 1292 before 1306), twin of Wenceslaus III, betrothed to Rupert of Nassau, son of King Adolf of Germany, but died young.
Anna (10 October 1290 – 3 September 1313), married in 1306 to Duke Henry of Carinthia.
Elizabeth (20 January 1292 – 28 September 1330), married in 1310 to John I of Bohemia.
Judith (3 March 1293 – 3 August 1294).
John (26 February 1294 – 1 March 1295).
John (21 February 1295 – 6 December 1296).
Margareta (21 February 1296 – 8 April 1322), married to Bolesław III the Generous, Duke of Wrocław.
Judith (born and died 21 May 1297).
Of the ten children only four lived to adulthood.
Family legacy
Wenceslaus III and then Anna and Elisabeth succeeded their father as rulers of Bohemia. Elisabeth was the mother of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, his son was Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.
Judith is also an ancestor of Anne of Denmark, who married James I of England. Among Anne's children were Charles I of England and Elizabeth of Bohemia; Elizabeth is one of Judith's successors as Queen of Bohemia.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 90
|
https://alchetron.com/Anna-von-Schweidnitz
|
en
|
Anna von Schweidnitz
|
[
"https://alchetron.com/cdn/private_file_151723927487797835984-5138-49e5-ad10-bb78f28f1bc.jpg",
"https://alchetron.com/cdn/anna-von-schweidnitz-e8d5491c-530f-4a03-b4dc-30d86adf608-resize-750.jpg",
"https://alchetron.com/cdn/anna-von-schweidnitz-650b4e96-605e-43c1-aa24-94302876b13-resize-750.jpeg",
"https://alchetron.com/cdn/anna-von-schweidnitz-0e82b8a3-c53f-4760-b521-20099c4fd50-resize-750.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00
|
Anna of Schweidnitz (widnica) (also known as Anne or Anna of widnica, Czech Anna Svdnick, Polish Anna widnicka, German Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer) (widnica, 1339 11 July 1362 in Prague) was Queen of Bohemia, German Queen, and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. She was the third wife of
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Alchetron.com
|
https://alchetron.com/Anna-von-Schweidnitz
|
Biography
Anne was the daughter of Polish Duke Henry II of Świdnica-Jawor from the Silesian branch of the Piast dynasty. Her mother was Katherine of Hungary, the daughter of Charles I of Hungary. In his autobiography written in Latin, which covers only his youth prior to getting married to Anna, emperor Charles mentions civitatem Swidnitz and dux Swidnicensis, as depicted in the coat of arms room of his Wenzelschloss castle at Lauf an der Pegnitz near Nuremberg.
Anne's father died when she was four years old, and her childless uncle, Bolko II, Duke of Świdnica-Jawor became her guardian. She was brought up and educated by her mother at Visegrád in Hungary. At the age of 11, Anne had been promised to Wenceslaus, newborn son and successor to Charles IV. After the infant Wenceslaus and his mother Anna of the Palatinate died, the now-widowed Emperor asked to marry Anne himself. The planned marriage was part of the strategies devised by Charles and his then-deceased father John to gain control of the Piast Duchies of Silesia as vedlejší země ("neighboring countries") for the Kingdom of Bohemia. Anne's uncle, Louis of Hungary, the future King of Poland, was able to assist her by renouncing his rights to Świdnica in favor of the House of Luxemburg.
At the instigation of archbishop Arnošt of Pardubice, Pope Innocent VI issued a dispensation for the marriage, which was required because of the degree of relationship between the bride and groom (they were second cousins once removed through their common ancestors Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenburg). The two were married on 27 May 1353, when Anne was 14; her new husband was 37. The wedding was attended by Anne's guardian Bolko II of Świdnica, Duke Albert II of Austria, King Louis of Hungary, Margrave Louis of Brandenburg, Duke Rudolf of Saxony, an envoy of King Casimir III of Poland, and an envoy of the Republic of Venice.
On 28 July 1353, Anna was crowned Queen of Bohemia in Prague by Archbishop Arnošt of Pardubice. On 9 February 1354, in Aachen, she was crowned German queen. As part of the coronation of Charles as Holy Roman Emperor on 5 April 1355, in the Roman Basilica of Saint Peter, Anne was crowned Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. She was thereby the first Queen of Bohemia to become Empress.
In 1358, Anne bore a daughter, Elisabeth, who was named after Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330). In February 1361 she became mother of the desired successor to the throne, Wenceslaus, who was born in Nuremberg, and baptized on 11 April in the Sebalduskirche by the Archbishops of Prague, Cologne, and Mainz. She did not live to see the coronation of the two-year-old Wenceslaus, however. At the age of only 23 years, she died in childbirth on 11 July 1362. She is buried in St. Vitus Cathedral. The emperor married Elisabeth of Pomerania one year later. The Duchies of Świdnica and Jawor passed to Bohemia after Bolko's death in 1368.
Literature
Thilo Vogelsang (1953), "Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 299–299
Andreas Rüther: Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer. In: Schlesische Lebensbilder, Bd. VIII, ISBN 3-7686-3501-5 (in German)
Peter Moraw: Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. I, München 1980, Sp. 655 (in German)
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany
|
en
|
Rudolf I of Germany
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kaiser_Rudolf_I._1275.jpg/220px-Kaiser_Rudolf_I._1275.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Habsburger-Portraits_%28van_Sompel_nach_Sutman%29_c1640_Rudolf_I.jpg/250px-Habsburger-Portraits_%28van_Sompel_nach_Sutman%29_c1640_Rudolf_I.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/220px-Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rudolf_von_Habsburg_Speyer.jpg/170px-Rudolf_von_Habsburg_Speyer.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2002-03-20T13:05:33+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany
|
Habsburg King from 1273 to 1291
"Rudolf I" and "Rudolf of Habsburg" redirect here. For other uses, see Rudolf I (disambiguation) and Rudolf of Habsburg (disambiguation).
Rudolf I (1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291) was the first King of Germany from the House of Habsburg. The first of the count-kings of Germany, he reigned from 1273 until his death in 1291.
Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum which had begun after the death of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria in opposition to his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the Habsburg monarchy and the present-day country of Austria. Rudolf played a vital role in raising the comital House of Habsburg to the rank of Imperial princes.
Early life
[edit]
Rudolf was born on 1 May 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. Around 1232, he was given as a squire to his uncle, Rudolf I, Count of Laufenburg, to train in knightly pursuits.
Count of Habsburg
[edit]
At his father's death in 1239, Rudolf inherited from him large estates around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace. Thus, in 1240,[3] in order to quell the rising power of Rudolf and in an attempt to place the important "Devil's Bridge" (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schöllenenschlucht under his direct control, Emperor Frederick II granted Schwyz Reichsfreiheit in the Freibrief von Faenza.
In 1242, Hugh of Tuffenstein provoked Count Rudolf through contumelious expressions.[clarification needed] In turn, the Count of Habsburg had invaded his domains, yet failed to take his seat of power. As the day passed on,[clarification needed] Count Rudolf bribed the sentinels of the city and gained entry, killing Hugh in the process. Then in 1244, to help control Lake Lucerne and restrict the neighboring forest communities of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, Rudolf built near its shores Neuhabsburg Castle.[3] In 1245 Rudolf married Gertrude, daughter of Count Burkhard III of Hohenberg. He received as her dowry the castles of Oettingen, the valley of Weile, and other places in Alsace, and he became an important vassal in Swabia, the former Alemannic German stem duchy. That same year, Emperor Frederick II was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV at the Council of Lyon. Rudolf sided against the Emperor, while the forest communities sided with Frederick. This gave them a pretext to attack and damage Neuhabsburg. Rudolf successfully defended it and drove them off. As a result, Rudolf, by siding with the Pope, gained more power and influence.[3]
Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land. In 1254, he engaged with other nobles of the Staufen party against Bertold II, Bishop of Basle. When night fell, he penetrated the suburbs of Basle and burnt down the local nunnery, an act for which Pope Innocent IV excommunicated him and all parties involved.[citation needed] As a penance, he took up the cross and joined Ottokar II, King of Bohemia in the Prussian Crusade of 1254. Whilst there, he oversaw the founding of the city of Königsberg, which was named in memory of King Ottokar.
Rise to power
[edit]
The disorder in Germany during the interregnum after the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty afforded an opportunity for Count Rudolf to increase his possessions. His wife was a Hohenberg heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle Count Hartmann IV of Kyburg in 1264, Rudolf seized Hartmann's valuable estates. Successful feuds with the Bishops of Strasbourg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolf the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal Duchy of Swabia had disintegrated, enabling its vassals to become completely independent). In the autumn of 1273, the prince-electors met to choose a king after Richard of Cornwall had died in England in April 1272. Rudolf's election in Frankfurt on 1 October 1273,[4] when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, the Hohenzollern burgrave Frederick III of Nuremberg. The support of Duke Albert II of Saxony and Elector Palatine Louis II had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolf's daughters.
As a result, within the electoral college, King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1230–1278), himself a candidate for the throne and related to the late Hohenstaufen king Philip of Swabia (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Rudolf. Other candidates were Prince Siegfried I of Anhalt and Margrave Frederick I of Meissen (1257–1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Frederick II, who did not yet even have a principality of his own as his father was still alive. By the admission of Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria instead of the King of Bohemia as the seventh Elector,[5] Rudolf gained all seven votes.
King of the Germans
[edit]
Rudolf was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on 24 October 1273. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolf renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade by taking the crusader's vow in 1275.[6] Pope Gregory X, despite the protests of Ottokar II of Bohemia, not only recognised Rudolf himself, but persuaded King Alfonso X of Castile (another grandson of Philip of Swabia), who had been chosen German (anti-)king in 1257 as the successor to Count William II of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolf surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty whom he had earlier served so loyally.
In November 1274, the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg decided that all Crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that King Ottokar II must answer to the Diet for not recognising the new king. Ottokar refused to appear or to restore the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia together with the March of Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Margrave Hermann VI of Baden. Rudolf refused to accept Ottokar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the Imperial crown due to the lack of male-line heirs. King Ottokar was placed under the imperial ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him.
Having persuaded Ottokar's former ally Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria to switch sides, Rudolf compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then re-invested Ottokar with the Kingdom of Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Ottokar's son Wenceslaus II, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Ottokar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, and procured the support of several German princes, again including Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria. To meet this coalition, Rudolf formed an alliance with King Ladislaus IV of Hungary and gave additional privileges to the Viennese citizens. On 26 August 1278, the rival armies met at the Battle on the Marchfeld, where Ottokar was defeated and killed. The Margraviate of Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolf's representatives, leaving Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Slavonia in control of only the province surrounding Prague, while the young Wenceslaus II was again betrothed to Rudolf's youngest daughter Judith.
Rudolf's attention next turned to the possessions in Austria and the adjacent provinces, which were taken into the royal domain. He spent several years establishing his authority there but found some difficulty in establishing his family as successors to the rule of those provinces. At length, the hostility of the princes was overcome. In December 1282, at the Hoftag (imperial diet) in Augsburg, Rudolf invested his sons, Albert and Rudolf II, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolf Duke of Swabia, a merely titular dignity, as the duchy had been without an actual ruler since Conradin's execution.[citation needed] The 27-year-old Duke Albert, married since 1274 to a daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (1238–95), was capable enough to hold some sway in the new patrimony.
In 1286, King Rudolf fully invested Albert's father-in-law Count Meinhard with the Duchy of Carinthia, one of the conquered provinces taken from Ottokar.[7] The Princes of the Empire did not allow Rudolf to give everything that was recovered to the royal domain to his own sons, and his allies needed their rewards too. Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Count Philip I of Savoy to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing. After his son Rudolf II defeated Bern at the Battle of Schosshalde, he strengthened his authority in Switzerland. He further expanded his Swiss possessions and granted some ecclesiastical posts to his family. In 1289 he marched against Count Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.
In 1281, Rudolf's first wife died. On 5 February 1284, he married Isabella, daughter of Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy, the Empire's western neighbor in the Kingdom of France.
Rudolf was not very successful in restoring internal peace. Orders were indeed issued for the establishment of territorial peaces in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia, and at the Synod of Würzburg in March 1287 for the whole Empire. But the king lacked the power, resources, and determination to enforce them, although in December 1289 he led an expedition into Thuringia, where he destroyed a number of robber castles. In 1291, he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. The electors refused, however, claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality, perhaps, wary of the increasing power of the House of Habsburg. Upon Rudolf's death they elected Count Adolf of Nassau.
Persecution of the Jews
[edit]
In 1286, Rudolf I instituted a new persecution of the Jews, declaring them servi camerae ("serfs of the treasury"), which had the effect of negating their political freedoms. Along with many others, Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg left Germany with family and followers, but was captured in Lombardy and imprisoned in a fortress in Alsace. Tradition has it that a large ransom of 23,000 marks silver was raised for him (by the Rosh), but Rabbi Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. He died in prison after seven years. Fourteen years after his death a ransom was paid for his body by Alexander ben Shlomo (Susskind) Wimpfen, who was subsequently laid to rest beside the Maharam.[8]
Death
[edit]
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291 and was buried in Speyer Cathedral. Only one of his sons survived him: Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Catherine who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern part of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
In the Divine Comedy, Dante finds Rudolf sitting outside the gates of purgatory with his contemporaries, characterizing him as "he who neglected that which he ought to have done".[9]
Family and children
[edit]
Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1251, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Matilda (c. 1253, Rheinfelden – 23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Duke Louis II of Bavaria and became mother of Duke Rudolf I of Bavaria and Emperor Louis IV
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria
Catherine (1256 – 4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Duke Otto III of Bavaria
Agnes [Gertrude] (ca. 1257 – 11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Duke Albert II of Saxony and became the mother of Duke Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg
Hedwig (c. 1259 – 26 January 1285/27 October 1286), married 1279 in Vienna to Margrave Otto VI of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and left no issue
Clementia (c. 1262 – after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the papal claimant to the throne of Hungary
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden – 21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270 – 10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Parricide of Austria
Judith (13 March 1271 – 18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary
Samson (before 19 Oct 1275 – died young)
Charles (14 February 1276 – 16 August 1276)
Male-line family tree
[edit]
House of Habsburg[n 1]
Original line Albert
Count of Habsburg
c. 1188–1239 Rudolf I
of Germany
c. 1218–1291 Albert I
of Germany
1255–1308Hartmann
1263–1281Rudolf II
Duke of Austria
1270–1290 Rudolf I
of Bohemia
1281–1307Frederick
the Fair
c. 1289–1330Leopold I
Duke of Austria
1290–1326Albert II
Duke of Austria
1298–1358Henry
the Friendly
1299–1327Otto
Duke of Austria
1301–1339John
Parricida
c. 1290–1312/1313 Albertinian line Leopoldian line Rudolf IV
Duke of Austria
1339–1365Frederick III
1347–1362Albert III
Duke of Austria
1349–1395Leopold III
Duke of Austria
1351–1386Frederick II
Duke of Austria
1327–1344Leopold II
Duke of Austria
1328–1344 Albert IV
Duke of Austria
1377–1404William
Duke of Austria
c. 1370–1406Leopold IV
Duke of Austria
1371–1411Ernest
Duke of Austria
1377–1424Frederick IV
Duke of Austria
1382–1439 Albert II
of Germany
1397–1439Frederick III
HRE
1415–1493Albert VI
Archduke of Austria
1418–1463Sigismund
Archduke of Austria
1427–1496 Ladislaus
the Posthumous
1440–1457Maximilian I
HRE
1459–1519 Philip I
of Castile
1478–1506 Spanish / Iberian line Austrian / HRE line Charles V
HRE
1500–1558Ferdinand I
HRE
1503–1564 Philip II
of Spain
1527–1598Maximilian II
HRE
1527–1576Ferdinand II
Archduke of Austria
1529–1595Charles II
Archduke of Austria
1540–1590 Carlos
Prince of Asturias
1545–1568Philip III
of Spain
1578–1621Rudolf II
HRE
1552–1612Ernest
of Austria
1553–1595Matthias
HRE
1557–1619Maximilian III
Archduke of Austria
1558–1618Albert VII
Archduke of Austria
1559–1621Wenceslaus
Archduke of Austria
1561–1578Andrew
Margrave of Burgau
1558–1600Charles
Margrave of Burgau
1560–1618Ferdinand II
HRE
1578–1637Maximilian Ernest
of Austria
1583–1616Leopold V
Archduke of Austria
1586–1632Charles
of Austria
1590–1624 Philip IV
of Spain
1605–1665Charles
of Austria
1607–1632Ferdinand
of Austria
1609–1641John-Charles
of Austria
1605–1619Ferdinand III
HRE
1608–1657Leopold Wilhelm
of Austria
1614–1662Ferdinand Charles
Archduke of Austria
1628–1662Sigismund Francis
Archduke of Austria
1630–1665 Balthasar Charles
Prince of Asturias
1629–1646Charles II
of Spain
1661–1700Ferdinand IV
King of the Romans
1633–1654Leopold I
HRE
1640–1705Charles Joseph
of Austria
1649–1664 Joseph I
HRE
1678–1711Charles VI
HRE
1685–1740
Notes:
^ "Habsburg family tree". Habsburg family website. 28 October 2023 .
See also
[edit]
Kings of Germany family tree
References
[edit]
Citations
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Encyclopedia of Austria
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 92
|
http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/a-d.htm
|
en
|
Habsburg Dynasty
|
[
"http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/scans/kingal1.gif",
"http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/scans/kingal2.gif",
"http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/scans/dukeal3.gif",
"http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/scans/dukeal4.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | |||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 31
|
https://ru.pinterest.com/pin/14003448829424891/
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2020-03-18T15:36:00+00:00
|
Elisabeth Richeza of Poland (1 Sept.1288-18 Oct.1335) was a daughter of Przemysl II of Poland. She was the 2nd Queen consort of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.Then she was remarried to Rudolph of Habsburg who succeeded Wenceslaus as King of Bohemia. Zbraslavská kronika 14th c.
|
en
|
Pinterest
|
https://www.pinterest.fr/pin/prasna-brana-er-pemysl-otakar-ii-wikipedie--536421005619913405/
| |||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 28
|
https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Rudolph_I_of_Germany_%25281%2529
|
en
|
Error
|
[
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/new-wr-logo-sm.png",
"https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Special:Badtitle"
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles.
Return to Main Page.
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 8
|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454769
|
en
|
Gertrude of Hohenberg
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anna_%28Gertrud%29_of_Hohenburg.jpg/220px-Anna_%28Gertrud%29_of_Hohenburg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg/220px-Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_2008_018.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_pano.jpg/220px-Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_pano.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/XIngeram_Codex_091d-Hohenberg.jpg/220px-XIngeram_Codex_091d-Hohenberg.jpg",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
German queen
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikidata.png
|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454769
|
Vista de la tumba de la reina Gertrudis de Hohenzollern en la [[catedral de Basilea]] (Spanish)
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 47
|
https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/how-fast-can-the-habsburgs-become-kings-of-germany-holy-roman-emperors.545425/
|
en
|
How fast Can the Habsburgs Become Kings of Germany/ Holy Roman Emperors
|
[
"https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/styles/default/xenforo/xenforo-logo.png",
"https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/data/avatars/m/183/183057.jpg?1680680339",
"https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/data/avatars/m/9/9487.jpg?1522139313",
"https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/data/avatars/m/26/26050.jpg?1707933936",
"https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/data/avatars/m/98/98915.jpg?1638472365"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alex Zetsu"
] |
2023-08-30T18:54:05+00:00
|
The Holy Roman Empire was an elective monarchy, but after Charles V, Ferdinand I, Maximillian II, Rudolf II, and Ferdinand II, it sort of became a de facto...
|
en
|
alternatehistory.com
|
https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/how-fast-can-the-habsburgs-become-kings-of-germany-holy-roman-emperors.545425/
|
The Holy Roman Empire was an elective monarchy, but after Charles V, Ferdinand I, Maximillian II, Rudolf II, and Ferdinand II, it sort of became a de facto hereditary monarchy with the electors being expected to choose a Habsburg, at least until the Emperors ran out of sons. Starting from Otto the great's reign, how quickly can this family plausibly do the same thing but faster? At this point the Habsburgs are... nobody. They are thought to descend from Guntram the Rich, but even that is uncertain. I guess it shows just how unimportant this family of counts were during Otto's time if the contemporary chroniclers didn't make very sure they got the family tree right. "eh, he's the father of Radbot and Werner... probably. Ok let's talk about the this other family" Actually, the more I look at it, the more I am wondering just how these guys were possibly the ancestors of Rudolf I of Germany. How did they get good enough that Rudolf was able to get a marraige to Gertrude of Hohenberg?
Frankly, I think that OTL was about as fast as it could get - the marriage to Gertrude of Hohenberg wasn't all that far out of the ordinary as far as Swabian nobility went, but the most important part on the Habsburg rise to proeminence was the Interregnum after Frederick II's death - with the weakening of royal authority, Rudolf took the opportunity to increase his possessions by force of arms, taking lands from the nearby prince-bishops and claiming the County of Kyburg on the basis he was the nephew of the last count.
All that (plus Gertrude's dowry, of course) made him important enough in Swabia to start getting connections to more important princes outside of there, and through those, he managed to get himself elected King, and the royal title gave him opportunities to expand his holdings even more, by claiming Austria, Styria, Carniola and Carinthia. That ended up giving him a large permanent powerbase (once they were done fighting rival claims), and helped his house remain relevant at a high level even after his death, which, for example, the Gerulfings and the Nassaus (who also managed to put their members in the German throne) did not manage.
But all that depended on a specific conjuncture - i doubt that Rudolf would have managed to get that sort of latitude of action if Conrad IV or William of Holland had lived longer and consolidated themselves on power, or if the Hohenstaufens had fallen off earlier.
@Alex Zetsu essentially the "nobody" factor was the reason Rudolf was elected. Nobody wanted a new dynasty. They were up for a sort of bunch of random nobodies (Habsburg, Nassau, Wittelsbach, Luxemburg, Schwarzburg- the Wittelsbachs were the only "non-nobodies" on that list) who couldn't build up a decent powerbase.
Now, to meet the OP, what we could do is have Emperor Albrecht I's son, Rudolf, successfully claim the countship of Holland as a lapsed fief. It sounds odd, especially since Holland wasn't part of the empire IIRC. However, firstly, it would've meant Rudi marries Elizabeth of Rhuddlan- Edward I's daughter, the widowed Countess of Holland- giving him a valuable tie to England (Edward had originally tried to get one of his older daughters married to Albrecht/his brother) and an ally against Philippe IV of France. Yes, I'm aware Bohemia would likely still come up for grabs but Rudi killed himself (by disease IIRC) trying to get that (no guarantee he wouldn't wind up dead in Holland, but let's assume he doesn't). Rudi and Elizabeth not only sprog off but Albrecht manages to get his son and heir elected as king of the Romans too.
Now, king of the Romans doesn't automatically mean that Rudi will be the new emperor, but given the fact that Holland is "outside" the empire's boundaries and considerably less important than Bohemia...the ones doing the electing might go "what's the worst that could happen". Especially since Ludwig IV's OTL election they avoided electing John the Blind of Bohemia for precisely the reason they felt the Luxemburgs had become too powerful and the election was between Ludwig IV and a Habsburg candidate (Friedrich the Fair). Holland is more "fringe" than Bavaria (it's also wealthier) so it's not impossible Rudi can bribe his way to a coronation. Then when Rudi dies things depend on how old his son is, was Rudi able to get the boy elected as king of the Romans or not, and who would be the opposition. OTL Emperor Ludwig IV. Maybe John the Blind. If Charles IV of France isn't king of France, he might throw his hat in the ring like he planned to OTL. If Ludwig IV has pissed off the pope already, then that's likely gonna be no dice. Charles IV's dead? well, that's damned inconsiderate of him to die. Leaving Rudi's son vs John. Or perhaps Lajos I of Hungary (also a contender OTL). As mentioned, they already felt John was too powerful in the election in the 1310s, so unless some random dude (OTL they scrounged up Gunther of Schwarzburg after Ludwig IV's death and Edward III's ultimate decision to not stand- or he couldn't get enough votes) manages to walk off with the prize, likely we see Emperor Albrecht II*. That's already three emperors in a row (and judging by his brother's lifespans, Rudolf II will die a natural death sometime in the 1330s- Albrecht 2 is likely in his mid-late 20s/early 30s, already married and with kids), which means that in all likelihood, they will be looking for any excuse to not elect Albrecht 2's son.
*I'm going with a Danish style alternating between Rudolf and Albrecht for simplicity sake.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 12
|
https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Rudolph_of_Habsburg_(Premysloides_Dynasty)
|
en
|
Rudolph of Habsburg (Premysloides Dynasty)
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200118201254
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200118201254
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210916044045",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210916044045",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/175?cb=20200118201254",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Alternative History"
] | null |
Rudolph, or Rudolf of Habsburg, was among most important military commanders and military governors of Emperor Romanos V during Imperial Restoration and participated on military reforms and reorganization during Imperial Reformation. He is called "Father of Foreigners", as he organized non-Greek...
|
en
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210916203836
|
Alternative History
|
https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Rudolph_of_Habsburg_(Premysloides_Dynasty)
|
Rudolf of Habsburg[]
Rudolph, or Rudolf of Habsburg, was among most important military commanders and military governors of Emperor Romanos V during Imperial Restoration and participated on military reforms and reorganization during Imperial Reformation.
He is called "Father of Foreigners", as he organized non-Greek and non-Roman military units within Empire and also called "Stalwart Defender of Empire", for his role in defense of Dalmatia and in many imperial conquests.
Early life[]
Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218 in southwestern territories of Holy Roman Empire, in Germany, as son of Albert IV of Habsburg.
In early years, Rudolf trained on knight and was squire of Count of Laufenberg.
After Albert death in 1245, Rudolf married Gertrude of Hohenberg, but their position was weakened during civil wars in Holy Roman Empire. Rudolf supported Pope against Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. This support led to uprising of Frederick loyalists and armed landlords, knights and various local bands attacked Rudolf.
He defeated them, repel their attack and force them to submit to Pope. To his much dismay, Pope did not grant him any rights, did not confirm him any position and declined pay him any reward for defeat of his enemies.
This had deep impact on Rudolf relations and stances toward Papal State. While he won and defeated Frederick loyalists, his treasure was exhausted, his levies weakened and he lost enormous sum of silver and gold in bloody clashes.
Mercenary[]
After Winter 1246, Rudolf decided to make money by mercenary services. He was capable warrior, cunning tactician, ruthless warlord and strongman. From Spring 1246 until Spring 1248, Rudolf fought in various places.
Rudolf commanded group of Austrian and Swiss sellswords in Hungarian Army, during Battle of the Leitha River against tyrannical lord Frederick Babenberg.
In early 1247, Rudolf led 327 sellswords in service of Lordship of Ireland and helped defeat rebelling petty lords of Ireland.
From July to September 1247, Rudolf participated on siege of Sevilla and defeat of Arabs and Moors. In Sevilla, Rudolf was responsible for defense of siege camps and repelling Arab assaults on camps.
200 Swiss archers and 350 Austrians infantry commanded by Rudolf participated on decisive victory over Frederick II of Hohenstaufen in Battle of Parma in February 1248.
In Imperial service[]
Imperial Restoration[]
After Parma, Rudolf was contacted by general Septimius Severu Flavius, commander-in-chief of Nicean loyalists, who in that time summoned and hired many foreign military experts, mercenaries and officers to join imperial forces. General Flavius appointed Rudolf as commander of light infantry.
Despite first doubts of possible cooperation, as Romanos was distant relative of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Rudolf very soon recognized capabilities and talent of young ruler, as well as his gold and silver and great potential for reaching large loot and became very rich and powerful.
General Flavius grant Rudolf prestigeous title of ethnarchés, commander of foreign troops. Rudolf experiences with mercenaries and their formations were more similar to Imperial Army than his original experiences with levies and so he was able to fully integrate in to Imperial Army, despite he was contracted mercenary.
As ethnarchés, Rudolf was responsible for all non-Greek and non-Roman mercenaries, volunteers and troops. In this position, he recruited Franks, Britons, Normans and Germans to Imperial Army, but with few successes. Altogether, he was able to hire 571 mercenaries and volunteers from foreign lands, but even that counted and most of them fought in Siege of Thessaloniky.
In era of Imperial Restoration, Rudolf proved himself as field commander, rather than organizer and recruiter. In Battle of Thessaloniky, Rudolf commanded 800 infantry troops and 500 mercenaries in center of Thessaloniky defense and led raids against northern siege camps. As former defender of siege camps, he had wisdom about weaknesses and advantages of these camps and was able to use them, breakthrough and force enemies to fight him, while Frederick II cavalry and infantry attacked enemy in back.
After great victory in Thessaloniky, Rudolf participated on long campaign against Venice and he was among officers, who supported Emperor Romanos decision to attack Venice, instead of capturing Constantinople. He commanded land forces moving through Dalmatia and led joint assaults on Venetian towns and port cities at Dalmatian coasts. He personally commanded imperial forces conquering and raiding Butrint, Ragusa and helped with siege of Zara.
After fall of these cities and decision to restore imperial authority over Dalmatia, Rudolph was appointed to position of military governor (first appointed military governor, after forming this position in Chadenos reforms) of Dalmatia.
In Siege of Venice, Rudolph became pioneer of urban warfare tactic and was able to learn new experiences and methods from Venetian defenders, who fortified their districts, settlements, quarters and every each street and bridge. Rudolph armed his troops with short swords and better equipment and sent them to eliminate resistance in various quarters and observed whole combat. Rudolph was personally responsible for conquering Arsenal of Venice and destruction of this strategic military-industrial workshop of Venice.
Fall of Venice became first well documented urban warfare battle and Rudolph experiences were later used to improve Imperial Army.
Rudolph and his mercenaries victoriously conquered Dorsoduro, besieged and captured church of San Pantalon and cut off San Polo island of Venice from southern districts, which were bombarded by Imperial Fleet and secured by naval troops. Rudolph was defeated during first two attempts of capturing Basilica dei Frari, where he suffered large casualties (of 1,000 foreign mercenaries attacking Basilica, only 172 survived these attempts). Third and final, victorious, attempt was conduct by Varangian Guard led by unknown Varangian officer.
Rudolph left battlefield and moved to rear, where he overseen treatment of survivors, training of recruits and reinforcements and studied imperial and military administration, as he accepted that he can not return to his homeland, because now he is enemy of all his former allies and friends.
After Fall of Venice, Rudolph successfully participated as field commander on Crete (where he commanded landing and naval invasion as advisor and aide of admiral Licarios) and in Achaea (where he commanded siege of Mystras). In both case, he was very successfull and helped Licarios, respectively Strategopulos and Constantine Argyros, in liberation of still-occupied lands. On Crete, he used Orthodox rebels and when remaining Venetian garrison struggle with rebels, he conquered eastern districts of Candia and allowed imperial naval troops to secure rest of city. On Achaea, he proved as talented organizer, as he was able to secure supplying siege troops from local villages and at the same time, he raided and destroyed various lairs of bandits, mostly former Latin knights and nobles, who after collapse of Latin Empire decide for career of rapists and looters and terrorized local villages.
On October 8, 1250, Rudolph was awarded with titles, life annuity and some lands of former Latin lords near Zara. He moved his wife Gertrude and his court to Zara. After this, his former castle and lands were raided and plundered by Lombard League and Papal supporters.
Military Governor - "Defender of Empire"[]
Rudolph was among those who observed Emperor Romanos V coronation in Hagia Sophia and after Liberation of Achaea, he moved to Zara in order to take his office.
Rudolph regard military province of Dalmatia as vital for Roman Empire, because it was frontier territory near northern Italy, still ruled by anti-Imperial Lombard League. Province also controlling Adriatic Sea and is important in Mediterranean commerce.
Rudolph first step was secure province and eliminate all large bandit and pro-Latin rebel nests. He used his mercenaries and also founded mercenary guilds in province, which were granted special concession in religious freedom, so Catholic mercenaries can join these guilds and also join Imperial Army and Imperial Fleet.
Rudolph recruited his units from those Lombard cities, which were loyal to Emperor Frederick II, but were destroyed or defeated by anti-Imperial forces of Lombard League. He also granted job to exiled knights and mercenaries. With this, he recruited 1,247 troops from Italy and 365 from Austria. These troops, most of them veterans, became core of Dalmatian officer corps of Imperial Army and most experienced were put in to charge of training.
Rudolph divided armed forces in Dalmatia in to three classes:
Militia, composed mostly by peasants trained with short swords or war scythes and with light armour. General arming and training of peasants was important step to decrease crime rate and banditism, as all bandits must count that most peasants they attack, will be armed and trained, despite their training was very basic.
City Guard of well trained and well equiped forces, but tied to their hometown. Financed and trained partially by cities itself and partially by the Empire. They were trained for defending cities, for urban warfare, laying traps in streets, assaulting siege camps and also were assigned to eliminate criminals in their cities. At beginning, number of city guards were in whole Dalmatia only 372. These guards defended 20 cities in whole Dalmatia. When Rudolph moved to Bohemia, number of city guards was about 2,500.
Garrison, formed by well armed, well trained and organized troops under Rudolph direct command and serving Imperial Army and Imperial Fleet. Their number increased from 1,500 at end of Imperial Restoration to 20,000 in 1265.
Rudolph focused on building military infrastructure - barracks, fortification, training fields and camps, guard towers, road outposts, recruitment centers, military blacksmiths and forges and also connecting local traders and artisans with military to secure supplying of food and light arms, without dependency on Empire (however, Empire provided all funding for these supplies). His efforts had positive impact on Dalmatian economy.
Rudolph work and efforts pay off, as Lombard League really attacked Dalmatia and Roman Empire in 1256, 1258 and 1264. During first attack, they plundered Istria and destroyed city Trieste. In 1258 and 1264 raids, Lombard League forces were defeated and during counter-attack personally led by Rudolph, 8,000 imperial troops raided Treviso, Vicenza, Ferrara and Padova. Rudolph did not tried to conquer cities, but rather plundered local farms, destroyed mines, roads, kidnapped 12,000 local people in to slavery and burned down pastures and field. Only Treviso was besieged, conquered and razed by Rudolph forces. This victories stopped all attempts of Lombard League to attack Dalmatia and probably had deep impact on planning of Manuel Angelos invasion of Roman Empire, as he moved through Serbia and Bosnia, instead by coasts of Adriatic Sea through Dalmatia, where he would be in better supplying and reinforcements conditions with Italian states.
Political career[]
Rudolph also participated in politics. He was imperial senator of Dalmatia for 10 years, since 1255 to 1265 and was among senators supporting abolishing all state control over naval trade in Adriatic Sea. He cooperated with civilian governors and used his troops for public works.
Civil War in Bohemia[]
For his experiences from Central Europe and Austria, Rudolph was among first commanders taken by Emperor Romanos V during his campaign in Bohemia and was present at coronation of Romanos to position of King of Bohemia.
After coronation, during large feast, Emperor Romanos named Rudolph to position of military governor of Bohemia and tasked Rudolph to build strong garrison in Bohemia to protect Premysloides and imperial interests in rich kingdom.
Next four years, Rudolph harshly and strictly implemented imperial military reforms and structures in to semi-feudal and feudal system of Bohemia, which persuaded many moderate supporters of Empire to join anti-Imperial opposition and also strenghtened opposition forces.
Rudolph, who underestimated opposition forces, especially on Moravia, focused on building military forces in Bohemia and was shocked when large-scale rebellion started during November 1267. Rebels killed many imperial officials, local prefects, destroyed granaries, damaged walls and ambushed many patrols and eliminated Romanos punitive corps with killing about 800 imperial troops.
General Diogenes Martus, deputy of Rudolph, was sent by Rudolph to suppress rebellion in Olomouc and Brno. Martus forces were encirceled and destroyed in Olomouc. 10,000 imperial troops and loyalists were killed or wounded and captured, which was about 80% of imperial garrison. Roman Empire was not able to sent reinforcements and rest of imperial forces in Bohemia were in Prague.
Rudolph decided ordered "evacuation of Bohemia". He negotiated with Hungarian King Béla IV and reached agreement that will allow loyalists to pass through Hungarian territory in to Roman Empire.
50,000 loyalists (until 1312 another 300,000) with coronation jewels and crowns, were evacuated. Important morale victory was evacuation of "Golden Bull of Sicily" (document declaring Premyslid Dynasty as ruling dynasty of Bohemia), "Golden Bull of Ulm" (document declaring hereditary succession in Bohemia) and "Golden Bull of Melf" (declaring Bohemia as Kingdom and confirming hereditary primogeniture of Premyslids). These three documents were later used as special amendments of First Imperial Constitution.
Rudolph also ordered evacuation of all gold and silver mined in Bohemian mines. About 40 tonns of gold and 100 tonns of silver were sent to Empire and imperial troops, for first time in their history, used scorched earth tactic and destroyed all mines, burned all farms, stole all horses and cattles they can, plundered all villages, that supported rebels or did not joined their evacuation in to Empire. While this tactic was criticized by late historians and moralists, it led to weakening of Bohemia under King Vok I rule.
Rudolph led defense of Prague with about 2,000 regular troops and 4,000 militia troops of hastly recruited, poor-trained and bad equipped, but determined and loyal. They were able to defend Prague and Prague Castle for five months and during this time, they prevented nearly 20,000 rebels in joining their struggle against Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.
Rudolph died during man-to-man combat in halls and corridors of Prague Castle. His body was never found, but Emperor Romanos held mourning and public funeral for Rudolph and his troops. Dalmatia mourned for nearly month and thousands Dalmatian man promised vengeance on Vok and his rebels, but no one fulfilled their promises.
|
||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 10
|
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rudolf-I/335085
|
en
|
Rudolf I
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=160638381132823&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/15510053/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=1;dc_seg=806891421",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoDesktop.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoTruncated.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/13/172513-004-EA00A17F.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/65/161465-004-AAFC839D.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inspire.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inform.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-educate.png",
"https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-subscribe-yellow.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Rudolf I",
"encyclopedia",
"encyclopaedia",
"article"
] | null |
[] | null |
(1218–91). Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Hapsburg, was the first German king of the Hapsburg (or Habsburg) dynasty. Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218, in Limburg-im-Breisgau…
|
en
|
/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-57c.png
|
Britannica Kids
|
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rudolf-I/335085
|
(1218–91). Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Hapsburg, was the first German king of the Hapsburg (or Habsburg) dynasty.
Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218, in Limburg-im-Breisgau (Germany). A son of a count, he inherited lands in Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau and later considerably extended his territory, in part through his first marriage (about 1245) to Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloch. In 1254 he assisted the Knights of the Teutonic Order by participating in a Crusade in Prussia.
Rudolf’s election as German king at Frankfurt was hastened by the desire of the electors to exclude an increasingly powerful rival candidate of non-German birth, Otakar II of Bohemia. Crowned king in 1273, Rudolf was recognized by Pope Gregory X only after promising to renounce imperial rights in Rome, the papal territories, and Italy. Rudolf twice defeated his rival Otakar II—in 1276 and 1278—and gained lands in Austria, which he granted to his sons.
Rudolf combated the expansionist policy of France on his western frontier by marrying (his first wife having died in 1281) Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, duke of Burgundy, and by compelling Otto IV, count palatine of Franche-Comté, to pay homage (1289). French influence at the papal court, however, prevented Rudolf from being crowned Holy Roman emperor by the pope.
Although he created the territorial core of later Hapsburg power, Rudolf was unable to make the German throne a hereditary possession of his family, because the German electors would not raise his elder son to the kingship. Rudolf died in the German city of Speyer on July 15, 1291.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 3
|
https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/2021/07/15/july-15-1291-death-of-rudolf-i-german-king/
|
en
|
July 15, 1291: Death of Rudolf I, German King
|
[
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-fb_img_1671979413412.jpg",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/kaiserrudolfi.1275.jpg?w=529",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/430144_10151160845308468_1828907828_n.jpg",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-img_5728.png?w=50",
"https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-img_5728.png?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2021-07-15T00:00:00
|
On this date in history cam the death of Rudolf I, King of the Germans, King of the Romans.."Holy Roman Emperor," Although technically he did not hold the imperial title he is counted as one of the Holy Roman Emperors. In this blog entry I will examine his rise to power and title as German…
|
en
|
European Royal History
|
https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/2021/07/15/july-15-1291-death-of-rudolf-i-german-king/
|
On this date in history cam the death of Rudolf I, King of the Germans, King of the Romans..”Holy Roman Emperor,” Although technically he did not hold the imperial title he is counted as one of the Holy Roman Emperors.
In this blog entry I will examine his rise to power and title as German King.
Rudolf I (May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291) was the first German King from the House of Habsburg. The first of the count-kings of Germany, he reigned from 1273 until his death.
Rudolf’s election marked the end of the Great Interregnum which had begun after the death of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Friedrich II in 1250. Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria in opposition to his mighty rival, the Přemyslid King Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. The territories remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria. Rudolf played a vital role in raising the comital House of Habsburg to the rank of Imperial princes.
Early life
Rudolf was born on May 1, 1218 at Limburgh Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region of present-day southwestern Germany. He was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and of Hedwig of Kyburg, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. Around 1232, he was given as a squire to his uncle, Rudolf I, Count of Laufenburg, to train in knightly pursuits.
Count of Habsburg
At his father’s death in 1239, Rudolf inherited from him large estates around the ancestral seat of Habsburg Castle in the Aargau region of present-day Switzerland as well as in Alsace.
Great Interregnum
The term Great Interregnum is used for the period between 1250 (the death of Friedrich II) and 1273 (the accession of Rudolf I).
After the deposition of Emperor Friedrich II by Pope Innocent IV in 1245, Heinrich Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia was set up as anti-king to Friedrich’s son Conrad IV (d. 1254). Heinrich Raspe was killed in 1247 and succeeded as anti-king by Willem II of Holland (died 1256). After 1257, the crown was contested between Richard of Cornwall, who was supported by the Guelph party, and Alfonso X of Castile, who was recognized by the Hohenstaufen party but never set foot on German soil. Richard of Cornwall was the second son of John, King of England, and one of the wealthiest men in Europe. After Richard’s death in 1273, Rudolf I of Germany, a minor pro-Staufen count, was elected. He was the first of the Habsburgs to hold a royal title, but he was never crowned emperor. After Rudolf’s death in 1291, Adolf and Albert were two further weak kings who were never crowned emperor.
As mentioned, Rudolf was not crowned emperor, nor were his successors Adolf and Albert. The next emperor was Heinrich VII, crowned on June 29, 1312 by Pope Clement V. Not receiving the imperial title was unusual bot not unprecedented. Several rulers were crowned king of the Romans (king of Germany) but not emperor, although they styled themselves thus, and are counted among the Holy Roman Emperors, among whom were: Conrad I and Hienrich I the Fowler in the 10th century, and Conrad IV, Rudolf I, Adolf and Albert I during the aforementioned Great Interregnum of the late 13th century.
The disorder in Germany during the interregnum after the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty afforded an opportunity for Count Rudolf to increase his possessions. His wife was a Hohenberg heiress. Rudolf was married twice. First, in 1251, to Gertrude of Hohenberg and second, in 1284, to Isabelle of Burgundy. All children were from the first marriage.
Gertrude was born in Deilingen, Swabia to Count Burkhard V of Hohenberg (died 1253) and his wife Matilda (Mechtild), daughter of Count Palatine Rudolf II of Tübingen. The comital Hohenberg dynasty, a cadet branch of the Swabian House of Hohenzollern, then ruled over extended estates in southwestern Germany. Isabella of Burgundy (1270 – August 1323), Lady of Vieux-Château, was the second and last Queen consort of Rudolf I of Germany.
On the death of his childless maternal uncle Count Hartmann IV of Kyburg in 1264, Rudolf seized Hartmann’s valuable estates. Successful feuds with the Bishops of Strasbourg and Basel further augmented his wealth and reputation, including rights over various tracts of land that he purchased from abbots and others.
These various sources of wealth and influence rendered Rudolf the most powerful prince and noble in southwestern Germany (where the tribal Duchy of Swabia had disintegrated, enabling its vassals to become completely independent). In the autumn of 1273, the prince-electors met to choose a king after Richard of Cornwall had died in England in April 1272. Rudolf’s election in Frankfurt on October 1, 1273, when he was 55 years old, was largely due to the efforts of his brother-in-law, the Hohenzollern burgrave Friedrich III of Nuremberg. The support of Duke Albert II of Saxony and Elector Palatine Ludwig II had been purchased by betrothing them to two of Rudolf’s daughters.
As a result, within the electoral college, King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1230–1278), himself a candidate for the throne and related to the late Hohenstaufen king Philipp of Swabia (being the son of the eldest surviving daughter), was almost alone in opposing Rudolf. Other candidates were Prince Siegfried I of Anhalt and Margrave Friedrich I of Meissen (1257–1323), a young grandson of the excommunicated Emperor Friedrich II, who did not yet even have a principality of his own as his father was still alive. By the admission of Duke Hienrich XIII of Lower Bavaria instead of the King of Bohemia as the seventh Elector, Rudolf gained all seven votes.
King of the Germans
Rudolf was crowned in Aachen Cathedral on October 24, 1273. To win the approbation of the Pope, Rudolf renounced all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, despite the protests of Ottokar II of Bohemia, not only recognised Rudolf himself, but persuaded King Alfonso X of Castile (another grandson of Philipp of Swabia), who had been chosen German (anti-)king in 1257 as the successor to Count Willem II of Holland, to do the same. Thus, Rudolf surpassed the two heirs of the Hohenstaufen dynasty whom he had earlier served so loyally.
Rudolf died in Speyer on 15 July 1291 and was buried in Speyer Cathedral. Although he had a large family, he was survived by only one son, Albert I. Most of his daughters outlived him, apart from Catherine who had died in 1282 during childbirth and Hedwig who had died in 1285/6.
Rudolf’s reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern part of the realm. In the other territories, the centuries-long decline of Imperial authority since the days of the Investiture Controversy continued, and the princes were largely left to their own devices.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 2
|
https://clif-davis.livejournal.com/50158.html
|
en
|
It's good to be Emperor
|
[
"https://top-fwz1.mail.ru/counter?id=3402139;js=na",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=10463284&cv=2.0&cj=1",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/userinfo_v8.svg?v=17080&v=777",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/userinfo_v8.svg?v=17080&v=777",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/schemius/print-logo.png?v=49361",
"https://l-userpic.livejournal.com/52962276/10159699",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/btn_prev.gif?v=17312",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/btn_sharethis.gif?v=18499",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/button-flag.gif?v=17312",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/btn_next.gif?v=17312",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/userinfo_v8.svg?v=17080&v=777",
"https://l-userpic.livejournal.com/52962276/10159699",
"https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/userinfo_v8.svg?v=17080&v=777",
"https://www.tns-counter.ru/V13a****sup_ru/ru/UTF-8/tmsec=lj_noncyr/",
"https://www.tns-counter.ru/V13a****rambler_ad/ru/UTF-8/tmsec=rambler_cid1100104-posid2155079/",
"https://www.tns-counter.ru/V13a****rambler_ad/ru/UTF-8/tmsec=rambler_cid1100108-posid2155106/",
"https://xc3.services.livejournal.com/ljcounter/?d=srv:3dt-ws03,r:0,j:10159699,p:10159699,uri:%22%2F50158.html%22,vig:0,m:0,v:1,extra:AJsGUwCbBlMAAMPu",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/27737346"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"ЖЖ",
"LiveJournal",
"живой журнал",
"clif_davis",
"Clif's Notes"
] | null |
[] | null |
The blood of emperors runs in my veins, genetically speaking. No, really. Albert IV, Count of Hapsburg and Landgrave of Alsace had a son in 1218, (though technically his wife, Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich, Count of Kyburg, had the son he just helped). This was his eldest son, Rudolph I of…
|
https://clif-davis.livejournal.com/50158.html
|
The blood of emperors runs in my veins, genetically speaking. No, really.
Albert IV, Count of Hapsburg and Landgrave of Alsace had a son in 1218, (though technically his wife, Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich, Count of Kyburg, had the son – he just helped). This was his eldest son, Rudolph I of Hapsburg (1218-1291) Emperor of Germany, founder of the Imperial House of Austria, who was elected Emperor in 1273.
This was not exactly your familiar democratic election, it was an election of the new emperor by the princes after the death of Emperor Richard of Cornwall. Rudolph came into the election at 55 as something of a front-runner. He was related to every king Germany ever had. He had spent a good deal of time at the court of his godfather, Emperor Frederick II and had been richly rewarded by grants of land for his time there. This played out when Emperor Frederick was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV as a supporter of King Conrad. Then Rudolph inherited large estates from his father, Albert. But probably the best thing he did for his career was to marry Gertrude, daughter of Burkhard III, Count of Hohenberg, back in 1245. Not only was she a heiress, the marriage made him an important vassal in Swabia. It also gave him a valuable ally in the form of her brother, Frederick III of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg. Not least, she gave him two sons, Albert and Rudolph II, and seven beautiful daughters that were as good as money in the bank.
His money may not have been in the bank but there was a lot of it and Rudolph invested it by buying more land mostly from various abbots. His mother's brother, Hartmann IV, Count of Kyburg, died childless in 1264, and Rudolph seized Hartmann's valuable estate, the County of Kyburg. Then he got into a feud with the bishops of Strassburg and Basel which he won, which further augmented his wealth and reputation. It's likely that his wealth and power wouldn't have been enough to secure the title of Emperor for himself, but his success largely came through the efforts of his brother-in-law, Fredeick. But then he bought off Albert II, Duke of Saxony (Wittenberg) and Louis II, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Upper Bavaria by betrothing them two of his beautiful daughters.
This left his main competitor, Ottokar II, King of Bohemia, and grandson of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany, twisting in the wind. Immediately after his election, Emperor Rudolph bought off the Pope by renouncing all imperial rights in Rome, the papal territory, and Sicily, and promised to lead a new crusade. Pope Gregory X, in spite of Otakar's protests, not only recognized Rudolph himself, but persuaded Alfonso X, King of Castile, who had been chosen German king in 1257, to do the same. Then things got even better, or worse depending on your point of view. In November 1274 it was decided by the Imperial Diet in Nuremberg that all crown estates seized since the death of the Emperor Frederick II must be restored, and that Otakar must answer to the Diet for not recognizing the new king. Otakar refused to appear or to restore the provinces of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, which he had claimed through his first wife, a Babenberg heiress, and which he had seized while disputing them with another Babenberg heir, Hermann VI, Margrave of Baden. Rudolf refuted Otakar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the crown due to the lack of male-line heirs (This actually wasn't legal since that was a position that conflicted with the provisions of Privilegium Minus, but who's going to argue with the Emperor?). King Otakar was placed under the state ban; and in June 1276 war was declared against him. Having persuaded Otakar's ally Henry I, Duke of Lower Bavaria, to switch sides (using money instead of one of his daughters for a change), Rudolph compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276. Rudolf then attempted to buy off Otakar by investing Otakar with Bohemia, betrothed another one of his daughters to Otakar's son Wenceslaus, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Otakar, however, raised questions about the execution of the treaty, made an alliance with some Polish chiefs, and procured the support of several German princes, including his former ally, Henry of Lower Bavaria who didn't stay bought. To meet this coalition, Rudolph formed an alliance with Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary, and bought off Vienna by giving additional privileges to its citizens. On 26 August 1278, the rival armies met on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Otakar was defeated and killed. Moravia was subdued and its government entrusted to Rudolph's representatives. Young Wenceslaus was again bought off using one of Rudolph's daughters.
To the victor go the spoils and Otakar's defeat left Emperor Rudolph with a lot of spoils to distribute. Some went to his allies, but in December 1282 Rudolph invested his sons, Albert and Rudolph, with the duchies of Austria and Styria and so laid the foundation of the House of Habsburg. Additionally, he made the twelve-year-old Rudolph Duke of Swabia. In 1291, he attempted to secure the election of his son Albert as German king. However, the princes refused claiming inability to support two kings, but in reality were probably leery of the increasing power of the Habsburgs. There was good reason for worry. Emperor Rudolph had lots of tricks up his sleeve besides using his daughters for increasing his wealth and power. For example, he declared the Jews to be serfs of the treasury, essentially stripping them of any rights. The Habsburgs, following his example, ruled Germany for centuries, had lots of daughters, and married themselves into every royal line around, providing the Queen consort for 6 successive rulers of France.
Rudolph II's line didn't do so well. He lost his share of Austria and Styria in Treaty of Rheinfelden where he had to relinquish his share as part of his father's attempt to clear the path for making Albert King. In 1289 he married Agnes of Bohemia, daughter of Otakar II of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Slavonia. They had one son John. He died in the same year his son was born, at the age of 20. His brother's eventual success at becoming the German King and failure to ensure that Rudolf II would be adequately compensated for relinquishing his claim on the throne caused strife in the Habsburg family, leading to the assassination of Albert by Rudolph's son, John the Parricide in 1308.
By the time of his death Albert had six children and the House of Habsburg was off and running. You can trace the House of Habsburg family tree (at least on the male side) in any good encyclopedia. Emperor Rudolph's male descendants through the male side included Dukes, Archdukes, Kings of Germany, Spain, and a full dozen Emperors. The last was Emperor Charles VI who died in 1740, but the Rudolph family continued to rule Germany until 1830 thanks to Emperess Maria Theresa. She was was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma, Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, German Queen and Holy Roman Empress. She continued Rudolph's policy of marrying off her daughters as political capital and named every one of them Marie after herself. In her time she was known as the great-grandmother of Europe. You probably recognize her better as the mother of Marie Antoinette.
Our interest is not really with Empress Maria, it's with Sarah Rudolph who was born into the ruling family in Hamburg Germany in 1705 (the year Emperor Leopold I (something like a 5th cousin once removed) died). She was a direct descendant of Emperor Rudolph but far enough out of the line of succession she was able to marry beneath her family for love instead of politics. And in 1729 she did, to Michael Böhm, also of Hamburg, Germany. He was four years older than she was. The name Böhm in German meant, "bauman," a man who cut beams from timber in the Black Forest. Michael Böhm, was however, no woodcutter, logger or carpenter. He was a farmer, tanner and merchandiser with a large farm or plantation on the river Elbe. This was a good place for merchandising and for his tanning and farming business. The North Sea seldom freezes in winter, consequently, ships can sail in and out of Hamburg all winter long. They had two sons, the older being Johann Dietrich Böhm, born in 1732 on the Elbe river near Hamburg, Germany.
At that time and place, it was the tradition that every male child would learn a trade, and not being overly enamored of farming, Johann elected to become a weaver which he learned as a child and then as a young adult left for Geneva, Switzerland to pursue his career. In some ways he did well in Geneva, meeting and marrying Rebecca Reynolds, niece of an eminent writer who died in 1778 and may or may not have been Jean Jacques Rousseau, the Geneva-born political philosopher whose writings were an inspiration to the French revolutionaries of the late 18th century. (Later generations (Johann's grandson) recorded the name as John James Rassaw.) The weaving career didn't work out as well and 1767 Johann, Rebecca and their two children returned home to Hamburg. It wasn't a good time to return.
The Elbe River had a great flood, overflowing its banks, and it took Michael Böhm's home and business with it. Totally wiped out, Michael and Sarah started over with almost nothing and Johann and Rebecca joined the immigration to America, land of opportunity. Michael died followed by Sarah in 1792; both are buried near the Elbe River in Hamburg.
Johann and Rebecca with their two small children landed at Charleston, South Carolina sometimes in November, 1767. Not being able to pay his passage, Johann went looking for someone to advance the money and let him pay it out. Finally he sold himself and his family into servitude, contracting with Mr. Christopher Eaker of Lincoln County to serve him seven years for paying his passage to the immigration commission. In the paperwork, Johann Dietrich Böhm became John Teter Beam, a name he used ever after. Christopher Eaker was happy with his service and declared the debt settled after six years, giving him his freedom and providing a horse and other necessities for housekeeping. By this time John and Rebecca had three boys and three girls, and shortly after, in 1779, Rebecca died.
This left John alone and with 6 kids in the wilds of America. The next wave of immigrants included a family of Germans headed by Aaron Rudolph, a distant relative of his mother, and two years after his first wife's death, John married Aaron's daughter, Elizabeth. The Rudolph family moved on west and soon lost touch. John and Elizabeth had nine more children. Legal records show that he he soon became a considerable land owner on Beaver Dam creek, in Lincoln county; Land Grant No. 72 for 200 acres in Lincoln County on October 9, 1783, and Land Grant No. 79 for an additional 250 acres. There he ran a farm in connection with his trade until about the year 1794, when he purchased the lands of William Killian on Buffalo creek. He built a corn and saw mill at this place where he was successful and continued to add to his means.
The first slave he ever bought was in Charleston in the year 1800 when an African trading vessel landed there, and he bought Bristow, then a boy of about twelve years of age. The boy knew nothing of the English language and when one of Johns daughter's commanded him to do something, not understanding her, he made an attempt to kill her with an ax. One of her brothers knocked him down. After that things worked much better, at least from the Beam perspective and Bristow became an obedient servant and lived to be a ripe old age, still owned by the Beam family.
In the year 1801 John Beam built a small house of worship on the hill erected for his own denomination-- Lutheran-- but as he was not religiously prejudiced he always opened it to other denominations. He became an elder of the Lutheran church. In time the church he help start evolved from Lutheran to Baptist and he is buried in what is now New Prospect Baptist Church in Cleveland County.
John lived through the American Revolutionary War, certainly on the American side, but did not fight; his trade being worth more at home to the soldiers than his service in the army. This may sound like a cop out, but his contributions to the war are well documented by the Daughter's of the Revolutionary War (DAR) and if you are a descendant of John Teeter Beam, to qualify for the DAR, all you have to do is prove the line of descent, not that he was a patriot.
Peter Beam was the second child of John and Elizabeth. Peter was born on January 15, 1787 in Lincoln County, North Carolina. Peter manufactured cotton seed and flax seed oil in connection with the cotton gin and mill, which was a very profitable business during the 1840's and 50's. Peter Beam and Annie Long were married in 1809 in Lincoln County, North Carolina. Annie (daughter of Captain John Long and Ann Graham) was born in 1788. Capt. John Long was one of the heroes of the McEntire's Branch in Mecklenburg, distinguishing themselves in suppressing Cornwallis's foraging party of 450 men. Annie was the a niece of Col. William Graham.
Peter and Annie named their first child John Teeter Beam after his grandfather. Their 12th and youngest child was Letitia Ann Beam, universally known as "Letty." Annie died on March 20, 1850 in Cleveland County, North Carolina. She was buried in New Prospect Baptist Church Cemetery.
Peter Beam and his second wife Elizabeth Houser were married on May 10, 1851 in Cleveland County, North Carolina. Elizabeth Houser was born in 1818 in Lincoln County, North Carolina. She gave birth to Isaac Alexander Beam on May 28, 1852. She died on June 9, 1853 in Cleveland County, North Carolina. She was buried in New Prospect Baptist Church Cemetery.
Peter Beam and his third wife, Susan Lattimore were married on February 11, 1854 in Cleveland County, North Carolina. Peter Beam died on July 29, 1879 in Cleveland County, North Carolina and was buried in New Prospect Baptist Church Cemetery.
Letty married George V. Cabaniss IV on November 5, 1850 in Shelby, Cleveland County, North Carolina. Letty and George had nine children, seven of whom were girls (keeping with the Habsburg tradition, you notice). Letty died April 9, 1885 and was buried in Hagwood Cemetery, Jackson County Alabama, survived by children in North Carolina, Alabama, Arkansas and Texas.
Her middle child (and middle daughter) was Martha Virginia Cabaniss, born on June 21, 1860 in Langston, Jackson Cty, Alabama. Martha married David Elias Welborn in September of 1861 in Langston Alabama where he was born. By the time their first child, Dovie was born in 1843 they had moved to Cookeville, Texas. September 19, 1891 they had their sixth and seventh children, Ella and Della, twin girls.
Della, the second of the twins married Jim Grayson and moved to New Mexico, but Ella stayed in Cookeville and married Robert Ashberry Davies, a cotton farmer, on December 2, 1911. Robert dropped the e from his last name somewhere along the way and his nine children were brought into the world with the last name of Davis.
The Davis family was doing pretty well, though the lands they farmed were heavily mortgaged, up until the great depression at which time the banks came in and took everything. This was a traumatic enough event that my father, then a child, was to find as an adult the process of going into debt to the bank to build a house deeply disturbing. Robert and Ella started over with next to nothing and Robert was soon farming other crops. Disaster struck again when a tree being felled hit Robert in the head and the resulting injury robbed him of the power of speech. He was never quite right again, but his bachelor brother, Colonel Davies moved in and kept the farm a going concern.
World War II took Robert and Ella's sons away to various parts of the world and her daughters worked as welder's or otherwise supported the war effort and scattered also. They had nine children in all, Lorena, Robert, Jesse, George, Clifton, Vernon, Margie, Jack, and Virgie Marie.
My father, Clifton Berry Davis, the middle child, served in the Army Air Corp, what later became the Air Force. Stationed in New Jersey, he and a buddy dated twins Caroline and Elizabeth Layton, however he found himself more interested in their older sister, Mae Clifton Layton, a school teacher. They were married and moved back to Texas once Clifton was out of the service. I was born in Hughes Springs, Texas, Clifton Boyd Davis, in June 17, 1949.
So there you have it, from Emperor of everything in sight to Povert in about 20 generations.
Only in America. :-)
Now mind you, that's technology enhanced Povert who probably lives better than any of those emperors ever did.
|
|||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 11
|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76956
|
en
|
Rudolph I of Germany
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/220px-Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rudolf_von_Habsburg_Speyer.jpg/220px-Rudolf_von_Habsburg_Speyer.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rudolf_Speyerer_Dom.JPG/220px-Rudolf_Speyerer_Dom.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Shield_and_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28c.1200-c.1300%29.svg/220px-Shield_and_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28c.1200-c.1300%29.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
count of Habsburg, king of Germany (1218-1291)
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikidata.png
|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76956
|
count of Habsburg, king of Germany (1218-1291)
Rudolf I
Rudolf of Habsburg
Rudolf IV.
Rudolfus I
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 13
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Habsburg-18
|
en
|
Albrecht Habsburg (1255-1308)
|
[
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/7/74/Habsburg-18.jpg/75px-Habsburg-18.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/70/Flags.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/74/Habsburg-18.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/6/66/Thiessen-117.jpg/75px-Thiessen-117.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/8/80/Bergh-3-1.jpg/75px-Bergh-3-1.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/help.gif.pagespeed.ce.1TvA_97yy8.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Albrecht I Habsburg genealogy"
] | null |
[] |
1308-05-01T00:00:00
|
Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Albrecht I Habsburg born 1255 Rheinfelden, Aargau, Schweiz died 1308 Königsfelden bei Brugg, Aargau, Schweiz including ancestors + descendants + 1 photos + 3 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Habsburg-18
|
Ancestors Descendants
This page has been accessed 4,453 times.
Biography
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Albrecht I of Habsburg sometimes named as Albert I, was King of the Romans, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg.
The founder of the great house of Habsburg was invested with the duchies of Austria and Styria, together with his brother Rudolph II, in 1282. In 1283 his father entrusted him with their sole government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success. Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, and on his death in 1291, the princes, fearing Albert's power, chose Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg as king. A rising among his Swabian dependents compelled Albert to recognize the sovereignty of his rival, and to confine himself for a time to the government of the Habsburg territories.
He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised. In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolf. The armies of the rival kings met at the Battle of Göllheim near Worms, where Adolf was defeated and slain. Submitting to a new election but securing the support of several influential princes by making extensive promises, he was chosen at Frankfurt on the July 27, 1298, and crowned at Aachen on August 24.
Albert married Elizabeth, daughter of Meinhard II, count of Gorizia and Tyrol, who was a descendant of the Babenberg margraves of Austria who predated the Habsburgs' rule. The baptismal name Leopold, patron saint margrave of Austria, was given to one of their sons. Elisabeth was in fact better connected to mighty German rulers than her husband: a descendant of earlier kings, for example Emperor Henry IV, she was also a niece of dukes of Bavaria, Austria's important neighbors.
Family and children
He was married Vienna 20 December 1274 Elisabeth of Tirol, daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol. Their children were:
Rudolph III (ca. 1282?4 July 1307, Horazdiowitz), Married but line extinct and predeceased his father.
Frederick I (King Frederick III of Germany and Duke Frederick III of Austria) (1289?13 January 1330, Gutenstein). Married but line extinct.
Leopold I (4 August 1290?28 February 1326, Strassburg). Married but line extinct.
Albrecht II (12 December 1298, Vienna?20 July 1358, Vienna).
Heinrich (1299?3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Married but line extinct.
Meinhard, 1300 died young.
Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna?26 February 1339, Vienna). Married but line extinct.
Anna (1275/1280, Vienna?19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
in Graz ca. 1295 to Margrave Hermann of Brandenburg; in Breslau 1310 to Duke Heinrich VI of Breslau.
Agnes (18 May 1281?10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
Katharina (1295?18 January 1323, Naples), married 1316 Charles, Duke of Calabria.
Jutta (d. 1329), married in Baden 26 March 1319 Count Ludwig VI of Öttingen.
Sources
Albert I of Hapsburg b. 1248: page 17 Brewer's Historic Notebook.
Franz Xaver von Wegele: Albrecht I., deutscher König. In: Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Band 1 (1875), S. 224–227.
McCrackan, William Denison. The Rise of the Swiss Republic. A History. 8th ed., Boston, Mass: Arena Pub. Co, 1892.googlebooks.com Accessed November 17, 2007
Chisholm, Hugh. The Encyclopædia Britannica; A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. 11th ed., Cambridge, Eng: At the University Press, 1910. googlebooks.com Accessed November 17, 2007, This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Engel, Evamaria: Albrecht I., In Deutsche Könige und Kaiser des Mittelalters, Urania-Verlag 1988, Seite 258-266 - Franzl, Johann: Rudolf I. Der erste Habsburger auf dem deutschen Thron, Verlag Styria 1986, Seite 108-286 - Höfer, Manfred: Die Kaiser und Könige der Deutschen, Bechtle Verlag Esslingen 1994, Seite 128-131 - Jaeckel, Gerhard: Die deutschen Kaiser. Die Lebensgeschichten sämtlicher Monarchen von Karl dem Großen bis Wilhelm II., Weltbild Verlag Augsburg, Seite 104-121 - Krieger, Karl-Friedrich: Die Habsburger im Mittelalter. Von Rudolf I. Bis Friedrich III. Verlag W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Berlin Köln 1994, Seite 42,54,67,75-99 - Reifenscheid, Richard: Die Habsburger. Von Rudolf I. Bis Karl I. Verlag Styria Graz Wien Köln, 1982, Seite 10,19,21,24-33,37 -
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 9
|
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gertrude_of_Hohenberg
|
en
|
Category:Gertrude of Hohenberg
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anna_%28Gertrud%29_of_Hohenburg.jpg/230px-Anna_%28Gertrud%29_of_Hohenburg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_pano.jpg/230px-Gertrud_Anna_Habsburg_Basel_Muenster_pano.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/XIngeram_Codex_091d-Hohenberg.jpg/230px-XIngeram_Codex_091d-Hohenberg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/16px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VIAF_icon.svg/18px-VIAF_icon.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Logo_Gemeinsame_Normdatei_%28GND%29.svg/18px-Logo_Gemeinsame_Normdatei_%28GND%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RegiowikiAT_Karte.svg/18px-RegiowikiAT_Karte.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_Tramp_Abroad_0145h.jpg/119px-A_Tramp_Abroad_0145h.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anna_%28Gertrud%29_of_Hohenburg.jpg/95px-Anna_%28Gertrud%29_of_Hohenburg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/GertrudaHohenberg.jpg/77px-GertrudaHohenberg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gertrude_of_Hohenberg.jpg/120px-Gertrude_of_Hohenberg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gertrude-of-Hohenberg.jpg/60px-Gertrude-of-Hohenberg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Grabkrone_der_K%C3%B6nigin_Anna_KGM.jpg/115px-Grabkrone_der_K%C3%B6nigin_Anna_KGM.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Posse_Band_1_b_0076.jpg/84px-Posse_Band_1_b_0076.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Traditionskodex_Wei%C3%9Fenau_Rudolf_von_Habsburg.jpg/83px-Traditionskodex_Wei%C3%9Fenau_Rudolf_von_Habsburg.jpg",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/static/apple-touch/commons.png
|
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gertrude_of_Hohenberg
|
Subcategories
This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.
T
Tomb of Gertrude of Hohenberg (8 F)
Media in category "Gertrude of Hohenberg"
The following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total.
A Tramp Abroad 0145h.jpg 720 × 726; 160 KB
Anna (Gertrud) of Hohenburg.jpg 385 × 486; 119 KB
GertrudaHohenberg.jpg 500 × 780; 200 KB
Gertrude of Hohenberg.jpg 414 × 378; 38 KB
Gertrude-of-Hohenberg.jpg 226 × 450; 41 KB
Grabkrone der Königin Anna KGM.jpg 1,509 × 1,581; 1.01 MB
Posse Band 1 b 0076.jpg 1,251 × 1,776; 1.26 MB
Traditionskodex Weißenau Rudolf von Habsburg.jpg 1,537 × 2,230; 1.1 MB
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 46
|
https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~dearbornboutwell/school-alumni/fam6067.html
|
en
|
Family of Louis II and Matilda of HABSBURG
|
[
"https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~dearbornboutwell/school-alumni/rose%20for%20genealogy%20site.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Husband: Louis II (1229-1294) Wife: Matilda of HABSBURG (1253-1304) Children: Agnes (1267- ) Rudolf I (1274- ) Mechtild (1275- ) Ludwig IV (1282- ) Marriage 27 Oct 1273
Husband: Louis II
Name: Louis II Sex: Male Father: Otto II (1206-1253) Mother: Agnes of PALATINATE (1201-1267) Birth 13 Apr 1229 Occupation Duke of Upper Bavaria Death 2 Feb 1294 (age 64)
Wife: Matilda of HABSBURG
Name: Matilda of HABSBURG Sex: Female Father: Rudolph I of GERMANY (1218-1291) Mother: Gertude of HOHENBERG (1225-1281) Birth 1253 Rheinfelden Occupation Duchess Consort of Bavaria Death 23 Dec 1304 (age 50-51) Munich, Bavaria
Child 1: Agnes
Name: Agnes Sex: Female Birth 1267
Child 2: Rudolf I
Name: Rudolf I Sex: Male Birth 4 Oct 1274
Child 3: Mechtild
Name: Mechtild Sex: Female Birth 1275
Child 4: Ludwig IV
Name: Ludwig IV Sex: Male Birth 1 Apr 1282
Note on Husband: Louis II
Duke Louis II of Bavaria (German: Ludwig II der Strenge, Herzog von Bayern, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein) (13 April 1229 â 2 February 1294) was Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1253. Born in Heidelberg, he was a son of duke Otto II and Agnes of Palatinate. She was a daughter of the Welf Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, her grandfathers were Henry XII the Lion and Conrad of Hohenstaufen.
The young Louis supported in 1246 his brother-in-law King Conrad IV of Germany against the usurpation of Heinrich Raspe. In 1251 Louis was at war again against the bishop of Regensburg.
Louis succeeded his father Otto as Duke of Bavaria in 1253. When the Wittelsbach country was divided in 1255 among Otto's sons, Louis received the Palatinate and Upper Bavaria, while his brother duke Henry XIII of Bavaria received Lower Bavaria. This partition was against the law and therefore caused the anger of the bishops in Bavaria who allied themselves with king Otakar II of Bohemia in 1257. In August 1257 Ottokar invaded Bavaria, but Louis and Henry managed to repulse the attack. It was one of the rare concerted and harmonious actions of the two brothers, who often argued.
Louis resided in Munich and Heidelberg Castle. As one of the Prince-electors of the empire he was strongly involved in the royal elections for forty years. During the German interregnum after King William's death in 1256 Louis supported King Richard of Cornwall. Together with his brother, Louis also aided his young Hohenstaufen nephew Conradin in his duchy of Swabia, but it was not possible to enforce Conradin's election as German king. As a result of his support for the Hohenstaufen, Louis was banned by the pope in 1266. In 1267 when his nephew crossed the Alps with an army, Louis accompanied Conradin only to Verona. After the young prince's execution in Naples in 1268, Louis inherited some of Conradin's possessions in Swabia and supported the election of the Habsburg Rudolph I against Ottokar II in 1273. On 26 August 1278 the armies of Rudolph and Louis met Otakar's forces on the banks of the River March in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen where Otakar was defeated and killed. In 1289 the electoral dignity of Bavaria passed to Bohemia again, but Louis remained an elector as Count Palatine of the Rhine. After Rudolph's death in 1291 Louis could not enforce the election of his Habsburg brother-in-law Albert I against Adolf of Nassau.
Louis died at Heidelberg. His eldest surviving son Rudolf succeeded him, with Adolf of Nassau becoming his father-in-law a few months later. Louis was buried in the crypt of Fürstenfeld Abbey.
[edit] Family and children
Louis II with his first two wives Marie of Brabant (middle) and Anna of Glogau (right), 16th centuryLouis II was married three times.
[edit] The execution of Marie of BrabantHe had his first wife Marie of Brabant âa daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufenâ executed in Donauwörth in 1256 due to mistaken suspicion of adultery; back in those days the punishment for an adulterous wife was beheading. Any actual guilt on her part could never be validated. As expiation Louis founded the Cistercian friary Fürstenfeld Abbey (Fürstenfeldbruck) near Munich.
Different sources tell varying tales about how this terrible mistake could happen in the first place: In 1256 Louis had been away from home for an extended time, due to his responsibilities as a sovereign in the area of the Rhine. His wife wrote two letters, one to her husband, and another to the earl of Kyburg at Hunsrück, a vassal of Louis. Details about the actual content of the second letter vary, but according to the chroniclers the messenger who carried the letter to Ludwig had been given the wrong one, and Louis came to the conclusion that his wife had a secret love affair.
Over time a great many tales of folklore sprang up around Louis' bloody deed, most of them written long after his death: Ballad-mongers embellished the tale into a murderous frenzy, during which Louis allegedly not only killed his wife after having ridden home for five days and nights, but also stabbed the messenger who brought him the wrong letter, then upon entering his castle stabbed his own castellan and a court lady and threw his wife's maid from the battlements, before he massacred his wife either by stabbing her or cutting off her head.
Several more restrained chronicles support the account of Marie's execution on January 18, 1256 in Donauwörth at castle Mangoldstein by ducal decree for alleged adultery, but nothing beyond that.
[edit] Later marriages
Louis' third wife, Matilda of HabsburgIn 1260 Louis married his second wife Anna of Glogau. They had the following children:
1.Maria (b. 1261), a nun in Marienburg abbey.
2.Ludwig (13 September 1267â23 November 1290, killed at a tournament at Nuremberg.
He married his third wife Matilda of Habsburg, one of king Rudolph's daughters, on 27 October 1273. Their children were:
1.Agnes (ca. 1267/77â1345), married to:
1.1290 in Donauwörth Landgrave Henry II of Hesse;
2.1298/1303 Heinrich I "Ohneland" ("Lackland"), Margrave of Brandenburg.
2.Rudolf I (4 October 1274, Basleâ12 August 1319).
3.Mechthild (1275â28 March 1319, Lüneburg), married 1288 to Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
4.Ludwig IV (1 April 1282, Munichâ11 October 1347, Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck).
Louis II was succeeded by his oldest son Rudolf.
Note on Wife: Matilda of HABSBURG
Matilda of Habsburg or Melchilde (Rheinfelden, 1253[1]-Munich, Bavaria, 23 December 1304) was the eldest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenburg. She was regent of Bavaria in the minority of her son.
Matilda was the fourth of nine children, her younger sister, Judith married Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was the mother of ten children, among them were Wenceslaus III of Bohemia and Elisabeth, Queen of Bohemia. Her sister Clementia married Charles Martel of Anjou and was mother of Charles I of Hungary.
Matilda's maternal grandparents were Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen. Her paternal grandparents were Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and his wife Hedwig of Kyburg.
[edit] Biography[edit] MarriageOn the 24 October 1273, Matilda married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria in Aachen, she was his third and final wife. There was a large age difference, Louis was twenty three years older than Matilda.
Matilda and Louis had the following children:
1.Agnes (d.1345), married to:
1.1290 in Donauwörth Landgrave Henry II of Hesse;
2.1298/1303 Heinrich I "Ohneland" ("Lackland"), Margrave of Brandenburg.
2.Rudolf I (4 October 1274, Basleâ12 August 1319).
3.Mechthild (1275â28 March 1319, Lüneburg), married 1288 to Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
4.Ludwig IV (1 April 1282, Munichâ11 October 1347, Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck).
[edit] Widowhood and RegencyOn her husband's death in 1294, Matilda acted as regent for her young son Rudolf. A decision was made for Matilda to take part of the duchy and her son to take the other part. Matilda took a large part of Upper Bavaria while her son took the cities such as: Ingolstadt, Neuberg, Langenfeld and Rietberg. Within a couple of years her son came of age and ruled the kingdom by himself.
Though Matilda had her younger son, Louis partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf I in Upper Bavaria in 1301 with the support of Matilda and her brother King Albert I, he quarrelled with the Habsburgs from 1307 over possessions in Lower Bavaria. A civil war against his brother Rudolf due to new disputes on the partition of their lands was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich.
Matilda and Rudolf continued to be at odds and in 1302 Matilda was arrested by Rudolf and brought to München, where she signed an agreement promising never to interfere in the government again, but as soon as she was outside the boarders of Bavaria, Matilda declared the agreement null and void, and got the support of her brother, Albert, Louis the Bavarian and others.[2]
Matilda's son, Louis defeated his Habsburg cousin Frederick the Handsome. Originally, he was a friend of Frederick, with whom he had been raised. However, armed conflict arose when the tutelage over the young Dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV) was entrusted to Frederick. On November 9, 1313, Frederick was beaten by Louis in the Battle of Gamelsdorf and had to renounce the tutelage.[3][4]
Matilda died on 23 December 1304 at Munich, Bavaria.
|
||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 49
|
https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/items/browse%3Ftags%3DPolitics%26sort_field%3DDublin%2BCore%252CTitle%26page%3D2%26output%3Dcsv
|
en
|
Log In · Jane Addams Digital Edition
|
[
"https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/files/theme_uploads/d46afd0644cbb88b03dca9b199970c25.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Cathy Moran Hajo"
] | null |
A digital edition of Jane Addams' correspondence and writings from 1901-1935.
|
en
| null | |||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 52
|
https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/dukesofswabia/
|
en
|
Dukes of Swabia
|
[
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/logo.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/schwabesealhen1216-1220.jpg",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif",
"https://duchiesofthehre.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/spacer.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
The following is a list of Dukes of Swabia in southwest Germany. Swabia was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German kingdom, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany. The most notable family to hold Swabia were the Hohenstaufen, who held it, with a brief interruption, from 1079 until 1268. For much of this period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperors. With the death of Conradin, the last Hohenstaufen duke, the duchy itself disintegrated, although King Rudolf I attempted to revive it for his Habsburg family in the late-13th century. (Biographies below)
Dukes of Alamannia
Merovingian dukes
Butilin (539–554), with…
Leuthari I (before 552–554), with…
Haming (539–554), with…
Lantachar (until 548, Avenches diocese)
Magnachar (565, Avenches diocese)
Vaefar (573, Avenches diocese)
Theodefrid
Leutfred (until 588)
Uncilin (588–607)
Gunzo (613)
Chrodobert (630)
Leuthari II (642)
Gotfrid (until 709)
Willehari (709–712, in Ortenau)
Lantfrid (709–730)
Theudebald (709–744)
Dukes of Swabia
Miscellaneous house
Burchard I (909–911, Hunfriding)
Erchanger (915–917, Ahalolfinger)
Burchard II (917–926, Hunfriding)
Hermann I (926–949, Wetterau)
Liudolf (950–954, Ottonian)
Burchard III (954–973, Hunfriding)
Otto I (973–982, Ottonian)
House of Wetterau
Conrad I (982–997)
Hermann II (997–1003)
Hermann III (1003–12)
House of Babenberg
Ernest I (1012–15)
Ernest II (1015–30)
Hermann IV (1030–38)
Miscellaneous houses
Henry I (1038–45, Salian), King of the Romans from 1039 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1046
Otto II (1045–48, Ottonian)
Otto III (1048–57, Schweinfurt)
Rudolf I (1057–79, Wetterau/Rheinfelden)
Berthold I (1079–90, Wetterau/Rheinfelden)
Berthold II (1092–98, Zähringen)
House of Hohenstaufen
Frederick I (1079–1105)
Frederick II (1105–47)
Frederick III (1147–52), King of the Romans from 1152 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1155
Frederick IV (1152–67)
Frederick V (1167–70)
Frederick VI (1170–91)
Conrad II (1191–96)
Philip I (1196–1208), King from 1198
House of Guelph
Otto IV (1208–12), King of the Romans from 1208 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209
Hohenstaufen restored
Frederick VII (1212–16), King of the Romans from 1212 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220
Henry II (1216–35), King from 1220
Conrad III (1235–54), King from 1237
Conrad IV (Conradin) (1254–68), also King of Sicily and Jerusalem
House of Habsburg
Rudolf II (1289–90)
John (1290–1313
Biographies
Dukes of Alamannia
Merovingian dukes
Butilin (539–554), with…
Leuthari I (before 552–554), with…
Haming (539–554), with…
Lantachar (until 548, Avenches diocese)
Magnachar (565, Avenches diocese)
Vaefar (573, Avenches diocese)
Theodefrid - Theodefrid (Latin: Theodefridus) was the Frankish duke of the Alemanni in the Diocese of Avenches until 573, when Marius became bishop and took over the secular affairs of the diocese. Marius in his Chronicon mentioned five dukes that ruled Avenches between 548 and 573. Theodefrid was the last and a successor of Vaefar. Marius calls him a Frank, but Agathias has led some to believe he was an Aleman.
Leutfred (until 588) - Leutfred, Leutfried, or Leudefredus was the Duke of Alemannia from 570. He was deposed from his ducal office in 587 by the Frankish king Childebert II and replaced by Uncilin.
Uncilin (588–607) - Uncelen, Uncelin, or Uncilin (from Latin Uncelenus; died c. 613) was the Duke of Alemannia from 587 to 607. He was appointed to replace Leutfred by the Austrasian king Childebert II. On Childebert's death in 595, the Thurgau, Kembsgau, and Alsace passed to the Kingdom of Burgundy, then under the rule of Theuderic II.
In 605 Theuderic went to war with his brother Theudebert II, who ruled Austrasia. His army, which did not wish to go to war, he placed under the command of his majordomo Protadius with instructions to induce the soldiers to fight. The next year (606) at Quierzy-sur-Oise, Theuderic re-assembled the army, but the men once again refused to fight their countrymen and the king ordered Uncelen to coerce them. Uncelen, however, declared that the king had ordered the Protadius' death. The despised majordomo was promptly killed by the warriors and the king was forced to sign a treaty. Queen Brunhilda, who had induced Theuderic to war, had Uncelen's foot cut off. According to the Lex Alamannorum, a duke was only eligible for office if he could mount a horse. Being unable to continue exercising his office, Uncelen was removed.
Gunzo (613) - Gunzo (also Cunzo) was a 7th century duke of the Alamanni under Frankish sovereignty. His residence was at villa Iburninga (today's Überlingen) at Lake Constance. Gunzo was the father of Fridiburga, who was engaged to Frankish king Sigibert II (who was murdered in 613). Gunzo organized a synod in Konstanz in 635, which resulted in the election of deacon John of Grab as bishop of Constance, succeeding the deceased bishop Gaudentius. This event is the earliest certain attestation of Constance as an independent bishopric. It is disputed whether Gunzo ruled over all of Alemannia, or only over the eastern part. If the former is the case, he is to be identified either with Gundoin, the founder of the Moutier-Grandval monastery, or with the predecessor of the latter, duke Uncilin.
Chrodobert (630) - Chrodobert, Crodobert, or Crodebert (Crodobertus or Chrodobertus) was an Aleman dux of the early seventh century (fl. 631/632). He probably ruled in the south of the region later known as Swabia. There is little evidence to suggest the existence of an Aleman duke in the period from c. 610 to c. 630, but Fredegar records that around 631 an Alemannic army under duke Chrodobert participated in Dagobert I's assault on the realm of the Slavs to the east. The Alemannic host (exercitus Alamannorum) was one of the three columns of the Austrasian army (exercitus regnum universum Austrasiorum). While the Alemanni won a battle at an unknown location and the Lombard allies were successful against the Slavs in the Julian Alps, the main army of Austrasian Franks under Dagobert was defeated at the Battle of Wogastisburg. Chrodobert's authority in Alemannia probably increased after the the succession of Sigebert III to the throne of Austrasia. The relationship between Chrodobert and both earlier and later dukes of the Alemanni is unknown. It is possible that Chrodobert was the same person as the Hruodi mentioned in the passio of Saint Killian.
Leuthari II (642) - Leutharis, Leuthari, Leuthard, or Leutharius II (fl. c. 643) was the Duke of Alamannia in the early seventh century. Leuthari murdered Otto, the mayor of the palace of Austrasia, in 643. By doing so he made Grimoald I the mayor of the palace for Sigebert III. It is not known exactly what the duchy of Leuthari consisted of, since there was an Alamannic duke named Gunzo from the same time. Perhaps they co-ruled the same territory, or perhaps there were two Alamannic duchies. The duchy of Alsace under Gundoin was also partly Alamannic.
Gotfrid (until 709) - Gotfrid, Gotefrid, or Gottfried (Latin: Gotfridus or Cotefredus; died 709) was the Duke of Alemannia in the late seventh century and until his death. He was of the house of the Agilolfing, which was the dominant ruling family in Bavaria. In a document dated to the year 700 in Cannstatt, Gotfrid at the request of a priest named Magulfus donated the castle of Biberburg to the monastery of Saint Gall. Gotfrid fought a war over his de facto independence with the mayor of the palace Pepin of Heristal. The war was unfinished when Gotfrid died in 709. His sons, Lantfrid and Theudebald, had the support of Pepin and succeeded him. Gotfrid married a daughter of Theodo of Bavaria and his third son, Odilo, later ruled in Bavaria. From his son Huoching (Huocin, Houchi, or Hug) came the later stock of the Ahalolfings. His daughter Regarde married Hildeprand of Spoleto, and he left a youngest son named Liutfrid.
Willehari (709–712, in Ortenau)
Lantfrid (709–730)
Theudebald (709–744) - Theudebald or Theutbald was the Duke of Alamannia from 730 until his deposition. He was a son of Gotfrid and brother and co-ruler with Lantfrid from 709. In 727, Theudeabld expelled Pirmin, the founder of Reichenau Abbey, out of a hatred for Charles Martel (ob odium Karoli), whose influence in Alamannia he detested. During a military campaign in 730, Lantfrid was killed and Theudebald became sole duke. In 732, Theudebald was chased out of Alemannia by Charles Martel, but upon on Charles' death in 741 he returned to claim his dukedom. In 742, Theudebald rebelled against the nominal authority of the Merovingian monarchy which was then being exercised by the two mayors of the palace Pepin the Short and Carloman; the Basques, Bavarii, and Saxons all revolted simultaneously. That same year Theudebald invaded the Duchy of Alsace, then ruled by Duke Liutfrid. The Alsatian duke was probably killed alongside his son fighting for the mayors. In 744, Pepin invaded the Swabian Alps and chased Theudebald from his mountain redoubt. He was defeated in Alsace by Pepin's select band of warriors. In 745, Carloman had to march on the duke again, this time defeating him and executing many at the blood court of Cannstatt. Alamannia was subjected once and for all. Its subsequent history was much affected by the violence with which its ducal independence was snuffed out.
Dukes of Swabia
Miscellaneous houses
Burchard I (909–911, Hunfriding) - Burchard I (died 5 or 23 November 911) was the duke of Swabia from 909 to his death and margrave of Rhaetia, as well as count in the Thurgau and Baar. Born between 855 and 860, he was the son of Adalbert II, count in the Thurgau. He himself married Liutgard of Saxony. By 900, Burchard was already the most powerful man in Swabia. In 904, he was the administrator of the lands of the abbey of Lorsch in Swabia. He succeeded, around 909, Ruadulf (a Welf) as dux or marchio (duke of margrave) of Raetia Secunda (the borderlands of Rhaetia). Burchard entered into a conflict with the Count Palatine Erchanger and Bishop Solomon III of Constance, who were loyal to King Conrad I. Burchard was captured and charged with high treason. He was found guilty by the tribal council and executed, along with his brother, Adalbert III of Thurgau. His son, Burchard II, and daughter-in-law, Regelinda, left for Italy, either exiled or taking refuge. Their Rhaetian estates were lost, though later recovered. Burchard I's second son, Odalric, had already died young. His daughter Dietpirch of Swabia (also known as Theoberga) married Hupald, Count of Dillingen (d. 909). Their children included Ulrich of Augsburg. The state of Swabia relative to the other stem duchies was highly disorganized at the time of Burchard I and he was never duke in the sense of the later dukes. He is usually called such only to distinguish him as the most powerful man in the duchy and the forerunner of the later dukes: the first being Erchanger, proclaimed duke by the nobility, but not the king, in 915.
Erchanger (915–917, Ahalolfinger) - Erchanger or Erchangar (c.880 – 21 January 917) was the duke of Swabia from September 915 to his death. He was the son of Berthold I, count palatine of Swabia, who is sometimes called Erchanger as well, in which case the duke is Erchanger II. His mother was Gisela, daughter of Louis the German and his family is known as the Ahalolfinger. He was originally a missus dominicus in Swabia. In 911, he allied with Bishop Solomon III of Constance due their common political goals. Erchanger was at the time striving for ever greater power in Swabia alongside Burchard I and Burchard II. He played a conspicuous part in the downfall of the elder Burchard, who was convicted of high treason and executed, in 911. With the fall of the Burchards, Erchanger and his younger brother Berthold were the most powerful counts in the tribe. In 913, Erchanger and King Conrad I of Germany fell out, but Erchanger married off his sister Cunigunda, whose husband, Luitpold, had just died, to the king. With this diplomatic marriage, Erchanger became the king's representative in Swabia. With this, his alliance with Bishop Solomon broke and the bishop opposed his rise. Seeing his income diminished by the bishop, Erchanger imprisoned Solomon in 914. Conrad opposed this and freed the bishop, exiling Erchanger. Erchanger returned in 915 and was fighting alongside his nephew Arnulf of Bavaria and his old enemy Burchard II against the Magyars. Erchanger and Burchard then turned against Conrad. Defeating him at the Battle of Wahlwies in the Hegau, Erchanger is proclaimed duke. However, at a high court in Hohenaltheim in September 916, Erchanger was condemned to a monastery for offences against king and bishop. He was killed on the instructions of the king on 21 January 917.
Burchard II (917–926, Hunfriding) - Burchard II (883/884 – 29 April 926) was the Hunfriding Duke of Swabia (from 917) and Count of Raetia. He was the son of Burchard I and Liutgard of Saxony. Burchard took part in the early wars over Swabia. His family being from Franconia, he founded the monastery of St Margarethen in Waldkirch to extend his family's influence into the Rhineland. On his father's arrest and execution for high treason in 911, he and his wife, Regelinda, daughter of Count Eberhard I of Zürich, went to Italy: either banished by Count Erchanger or voluntarily exiling themselves to their relatives over the Alps. Around 913, Burchard returned from exile and took control over his father's property. In 915, he joined Erchanger and Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, in battle against the Magyars. Then Burchard and Erchanger turned on King Conrad I and, at the Battle of Wahlwies in the Hegau, defeated him. Erchanger was proclaimed duke. After Erchanger was killed on 21 January 917, Burchard seized all his lands and was recognised universally as duke. In 919, King Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy seized the county of Zürich and invaded the region of Konstanz, then the centre and practical capital of the Swabian duchy. At Winterthur, however, Rudolph was defeated by Burchard, who thus consolidated the duchy and forced on the king his own territorial claims. In that same year, he recognised the newly-elected King of Germany, Henry the Fowler, duke of Saxony. Henry in turn gave Burchard rights of taxation and investiture of bishops and abbots in his duchy. In 922, Burchard married his daughter Bertha to Rudolph and affirms the peace of three years prior. Burchard then accompanied Rudolph into Italy when he was elected king by opponents of the Emperor Berengar. In 924, the emperor died and Hugh of Arles was elected by his partisans to oppose Rudolph. Burchard attacked Novara, defended by the troops of Lambert, Archbishop of Milan. There he was killed, probably on April 29. His widow, Regelinda (d. 958), remarried to Burchard's successor, Herman I. She had given him five children:
Gisela (c. 905 – 26 October 923 or 925), abbess of Waldkirch
Hicha (c. 905 – 950)
Burchard III (c. 915 – 11 November 973), later duke of Swabia
Bertha (c. 907 – 2 January 961), married Rudolph II, King of Burgundy
Adalric (d. 973), monk in Einsiedeln Abbey
Hermann I (900–949, Wetterau) - Herman I (died 10 December 949) was the first of the Wetterau family, sometimes known as the Conradines, to be Duke of Swabia (from 926), the son of Gebhard, Duke of Lorraine, and a cousin of King Conrad I of Germany. When Duke Burchard II died at Novara, while campaigning in Italy, King Henry the Fowler gave the Duchy to Hermann. By investing the Duke at a reichstag at Worms, the King clearly demonstrated that he, not the tribal noblesse, had the right to appoint the Duke. Hermann married Regilinda, the widow of Burchard. Only once during his reign did Hermann face a rebellion of his own vassals, but he was also forced several times to make concessions in what would be Switzerland. St. Gallen was given over to the direct protection of the king and the duke lost the use of its lands and incomes. By his control over the Alpine passes into Burgundy and Italy, he dutifully served Ottonian interests in these realms. At Worms in 950, after Herman's death, Otto the Great appointed his son Liudolf, who had, in 947 or 948, married Herman's daughter Ida (died 17 May 986), duke. Aside from being duke, Hermann was count of Wetterau and from 939 count in Lahngau, from 948 count in Auelgau, and from 947 lay abbot of Echternach. He founded the church of St Florin in Coblenz and was buried on Reichenau Island.
Liudolf (950–954, Ottonian) - Liudolf (930–6 September 957) was the Duke of Swabia from 950 until 954. He was the only son of Otto I, King of Germany, from his wife Eadgyth, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. Liudolf married Ida, daughter of Duke Herman I. When Herman died, Otto appointed his eldest son and heir apparent duke. Liudolf was a popular ruler with the tribe. After the usurpation of Berengar II of Italy, he invaded Lombardy in 951. His father foiled his plans and invaded as well, leaving Liudolf without much gain. When Otto married Adelaide, the heiress to Italy, Liudolf felt his position threatened and raised the flag of revolt in 953. Though he had the support of his Swabians, his ally, Conrad the Red, was opposed by his own subjects in Lorraine. The Bavarians of Henry I, Duke of Bavaria, Liudolf's uncle, support Liudolf, but Henry and Otto together put down the rebellion. In 954, he was deprived of his duchy and, though reconciled with his father, he did not regain it. He invaded Italy for a second time in 957 and many cities capitulated before him and Berengar fled. He died unexpectedly of fever amidst his victorious campaign at Pombia, near Novara, on September 6 and was buried in St. Alban's Abbey, Mainz.His son by Ida, Otto, was later duke of Bavaria and Swabia, his daughter Mathilde abess of a canoness monastery in Essen. He also founded the city of Stuttgart in southern Germany.
Burchard III (954–973, Hunfriding) - Burchard III (c. 915 – 12 November 973) was the count of Thurgau and Zürichgau, perhaps of Rhaetia, and then Duke of Swabia from 954 to his death. He was the son of Burchard II and Regilinda. At a young age on the murder of his father in 926, he was sent to Saxony for his safety after the accession of the duke Herman I. In Saxony, he married a member of the Immedinger family. From this marriage came two sons: Theodoric, Count of Wettin, and Burchard, Count of Liesgau. He second marriage was to Hedwige, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Bavaria. Burchard built the great fortress atop the Hohentwiel, and Hedwige was the foundress of the monastery of St. Georg there, but their marriage remained childless. After the rebellion of Duke Liudolf, son of King Otto I, in 954, the king bestowed the ducal title on his nephew-in-law Burchard at a general council at Arnstadt. Burchard was an intimate of Otto and his queen, Adelaide of Italy. He was often at the royal court and he accompanied Otto on his campaign against the Magyars and was present at the great Battle of the Lechfeld on August 10, 955. In 965, he led a third campaign against Berengar II in Italy. At the Battle of the Po on 25 June, Burchard defeated the local Lombard magnates and restored Italy to Ottonian control, even the south Italian principalities were brought to heel by 972. In 973, he died and was buried in the chapel of Saint Erasmus in the monastery on Reichenau Island in Lake Constance. He was succeeded by Otto, son of Liudolf.
Otto I (973–982, Ottonian) - Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria (955–982), was the son of Liodolf of Swabia and his wife Ida, and thus a grandson of the Emperor Otto I and his anglo-saxon wife Eadgyth. His sister Mathilde was abess of a canoness monastery in Essen. He was Duke of Swabia from 973 to 982 and was made Duke of Bavaria in 976, after Henry the Wrangler lost his Bavarian possessions rebelling against the emperor Otto II. He was a confidant of Otto II in the War of the Three Henries, and in 982 accompanied him on his Italian campaign against the Arabs. He survived the defeat of the Imperial army near Crotone on July 13, 982 and a subsequent ambush by an Arab force. Otto assigned him to take the news of the campaign back to Germany, but he died en route on November 1, 982 in Lucca. He was buried in Aschaffenburg. His sister Mathild endowed a precious jewelled cross which is still kept in the treasury of Essen cathedral for his remembrance, the siblings are pictured on it.
House of Wetterau
Conrad I (982–997) - Conrad I (died August 20, 997) was Duke of Swabia from 983 until 997. His appointment as duke marked the return of the family of Wetterau, sometimes known as the Conradines, rule over Swabia for the first time since 948. When Duke Otto I unexpectedly died during the Imperial campaign in Italy of 981-982, he left no heirs. To fill the vacancy, Emperor Otto II appointed Conrad as Duke of Swabia. Conrad is notable for being the first Swabian duke to keep the title in the family; after his death in 997 he was succeeded by his son Hermann II. There is considerable confusion about Conrad's family. This same situation exists for his wife, although he may have been married to a daughter of Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, the son of Emperor Otto I. He had at least six children, including his successor, Hermann II. Stoyan lists his grandmother as Cunigunde of Vermandois, which would make him a seventh generation descendant of Charlemagne.
Hermann II (997–1003) - Herman II (died 4 May 1003) was the Conradine Duke of Swabia from 997 to his death, as the son of and successor Conrad I. Herman opposed the election of Henry III, Duke of Bavaria, as King of Germany because he himself had been a contender. Henry separated Alsace from Swabia and took control of the duchy, a situation which continued through the reign of Herman's son and successor, Herman III. He married Gerberga of Burgundy, and they had a daughter named Gisela who was the wife of Emperor Conrad II.
Hermann III (1003–12) - Hermann III (died April 1, 1012) was Duke of Swabia from 1003 until 1012. The son of Hermann II, he was a member of the Conradines. Hermann's reign as duke was effectively controlled by the King of Germany, Henry II. At the time of his ascension, Hermann was still a minor, and King Henry's disliked the family of Wetterau (Conradines); Hermann II had opposed his election as king in 1002. Henry's control over Swabia was still present when Hermann died in 1012. Since he died childless, the family lost the title of Duke of Swabia but the titles Count of Wetterau passed to his second cousin Count Kuno von Wetterau of Rheinfelden. Henry selected Ernest to succeed him; two years later, Ernest married Hermann's sister Gisela of Swabia.
House of Babenberg
Ernest I (1012–15) - Ernest I (died March 31 or May 31, 1015) was Duke of Swabia (1012–1015). He was a younger son of Leopold I, the Babenberg Margrave of Austria. In 1012 Henry II, King of Germany, gave the Duchy of Swabia to Ernest following the death of its childless ruler Hermann III. In order to further legitimatize his rule as duke, he married Gisela of Swabia, the eldest sister of Hermann. Ernest and Gisela had two sons, Ernest and Hermann, both of whom would eventually become dukes of Swabia themselves. Ernest died in 1015 as a result of a hunting accident and was succeeded by his son Ernest. He was buried in Würzburg.
Ernest II (1015–30) - Ernest II (died August 17, 1030) was Duke of Swabia from 1015 to 1030. A member of the Babenberg family, he was the son of Ernest I and Gisela of Swabia. As the elder son of his father, Ernest became duke following the senior Ernest's death in 1015. Since he was a minor, the government of Swabia was run by regency. At first his mother Gisela assumed the position of regent; she later gave way to Poppo, Archbishop of Trier. In 1024 Gisela's husband Conrad, who she had married in 1016, was elected King of Germany as Conrad II. Although Conrad was generous in his relations with Ernest, contentious issues soon split the duke and his stepfather. Ernest resented the power of the German Kings over Swabia. Both men also were potential claimants to the Kingdom of Burgundy once its childless ruler, Rudolph III, died. Gisela's mother was Gerberga, a sister of the king, and both Conrad and Ernest wished to become Rudolph's eventual successor. In 1025 Ernest, who was still relatively young, entered into rebellion against Conrad. By 1026, however, the king had defeated the resistance and Ernest eventually submitted. He then participated in his stepfather's Italian expedition of 1026-1027. While in Italy, Conrad sent Ernest back to Swabia in order to crush the local resistance that still existed. When he returned, however, Ernest joined the opposition and rebelled against Conrad again. The refusal of the local Swabian rulers to support him caused his defeat. He was forced to surrender and was imprisoned. Gisela, despite supporting Conrad against her son, did not wish for him to be entirely humiliated; as a result Ernest remained duke, although Gisela probably governed the duchy while he remained imprisoned. In 1028, Conrad's son Henry was crowned king. Around this time, due to Henry's and Gisela's requests, Ernest was set free, although he was not restored to his full powers as duke. At the Diet of Easter 1030 Ernest was offered these powers, if he would crack down on the enemies of Conrad. Ernest's refusal to do so, especially against his friend Werner von Kyburg, resulted in his final downfall. He was stripped of his title as duke. Only a few months later, while battling the people of the Bishop of Konstanz, both Ernest and Werner were killed. Ernest was buried in Constance. The Duchy of Swabia passed to his younger brother Herman.
Hermann IV (1030–38) - Herman IV (died 1038) was the Duke of Swabia (1030–1038). He was the second son of Ernest I and Gisela of Swabia. He was one of the Babenberg Dukes of Swabia. Herman became Duke in 1030 following the death of his older brother Ernest II. At the time he was still a minor. Seven years later, his stepfather, the Emperor Conrad II, married him to Adelaide of Susa, the Marchioness of Turin, in January 1037. In July of the next year, while campaigning with Conrad in Southern Italy, he was struck down by an epidemic near Naples. Conrad then transferred rule of the duchy to his own son, Henry I, while Adelaide remarried to Henry of Montferrat.
Herman IV and Adelaide had at least three children:
Gebhard I, Count of Sulzbach
Adalbert I, Count of Windberg
Adelaide, married Hermann von Peugen
Miscellaneous houses
Henry I (1038–45, Salian), King of the Romans from 1039 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 - Henry III (29 October 1017 – 5 October 1056), called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. He was the eldest son of Conrad II of Germany and Gisela of Swabia and his father made him Duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI) in 1026, after the death of Duke Henry V. Then, on Easter Day 1028, his father having been crowned Holy Roman Emperor, Henry was elected and crowned King of Germany in the cathedral of Aachen by Pilgrim, Archbishop of Cologne. After the death of Herman IV, Duke of Swabia in 1038, his father gave him that duchy (as Henry I) as well as the Kingdom of Burgundy, which Conrad had inherited in 1033. Upon the death of his father on June 4, 1039, he became sole ruler of the kingdom and was crowned emperor by Pope Clement II in Rome (1046).
Otto II (1045–48, Ottonian) - Otto II (died 1047) was Count Palatine of Lotharingia (1034 – 1045), then Duke of Swabia (1045 – 1047), and all the while Count in Deutz and Auelgau (1025 – 1047). He was also the protector of Brauweiler, the son of Ezzo and Matilda, a daughter of the Emperor Otto II, and a member of the Ezzonian dynasty. In 1034, the Count Palatine Ezzo died. As Otto's older brother Liudolf had died in 1031, he succeeded his father to that position. On 7 April 1045, Henry III, King of Germany and also Duke of Swabia, offered the latter title to Otto. In exchange, Otto gave up the County Palatine, which was bestowed on his cousin Henry. Also, his territories in Kaiserswerth and Duisburg devolved on the crown. He probably married Matilda von Egisheim, daughter of Boleslav I of Poland and Oda of Meissen. He had only one daughter, Richenza (Holland, 1020 – 1083), who married firstly Herman, Count of Werl, and secondly Otto of Nordheim. In 1047, Otto died unexpectedly at his castle, the Tomburg, while preparing an imperial campaign against an invasion of Baldwin V of Flanders. He is buried in Brauweiler Abbey. In 1048, the Emperor elected Otto III to succeed him as Duke of Swabia.
Otto III (1048–57, Schweinfurt) - Otto III (died 28 September 1057), called the White and known as Otto of Schweinfurt, was the Margrave of the Nordgau (1024 – 1031) and Duke of Swabia (1048 – 1057). He was the son of Henry of Schweinfurt, margrave of the Nordgau, and Gerberga of Henneberg. He was one of the most powerful East Franconian princes by inheritance: having extensive land in the Radenzgau and Schweinfurt. In 1014, he first appears as count of Lower Altmühl (or Kelsgau) and, in 1024, he inherits his father's march. In 1034, he became count of the Lower Naab. From then on to his appointment to Swabia, he takes part in many imperial expeditions into Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland. At Ulm in January 1048, the Emperor Henry III appointed him duke of Swabia after a brief vacancy following the death of Otto II. He was loyal to Henry. He was engaged to marry Matilda, daughter of Boleslaus I of Poland, in 1035, but this was put off in favour of a marriage to Ermengard, a daughter of Ulric Manfred, Margrave of Turin, as part of Henry's Italian plans. He was otherwise inactive and died after nine years rule and was buried in Schweinfurt.
Rudolf I (1057–79, Wetterau/Rheinfelden) - Rudolf of Rheinfelden (German: Rudolf von Rheinfelden; c. 1025 – 15 October 1080) was Duke of Swabia (1057–1079) and German antiking (1077–1080). He was the son of Count Kuno von Wetterau of Rheinfelden and eventually became the alternative king or antiking for the politically oriented anti-Henry German aristocrats, whose rebellion became known as the Great Saxon Revolt. He died as a result of battle wounds as his faction met Henrys' and defeated him in the Battle of Elster. In 1057 Rudolf allegedly took advantage of the minority of Henry IV, King of the Romans, by kidnapping Matilda, the king's sister. Rudolf demanded, and received, Matilda's hand in marriage (1059), as well as the Duchy of Swabia and administration of the Kingdom of Burgundy. In 1060 Matilda died, and Rudolf subsequently, in 1066, married Adelheid, daughter of Otto of Savoy. Rudolf, who was brother-in-law to Henry IV twice over, at first supported the king's campaigns. He aided him in Thuringia and Saxony and was a primary force in the First Battle of Langensalza against the rebels. However, when the Investiture Controversy broke out and Henry was excommunicated, Rudolf met with several other nobles to decide on a course of action. Despite the lifting of Henry's excommunication in 1077, the rebels continued with their plans. At Forchheim, Rudolf was elected antiking in March 1077. He promised to respect the electoral concept of the monarchy and declared his willingness to be subservient to the pope. On 25 May, Rudolf was crowned by Archbishop Siegfried I in Mainz, but the people of the city revolted and he was forced to flee to Saxony. This presented a problem, since Saxony was cut off from his duchy of Swabia by the king's lands. He then gave Swabia to his son Berthold and attempted to rectify this situation by besieging Würzburg, but to little effect. Meanwhile, he was deprived of Swabia by the Diet at Ulm in May, and Henry IV gave the duchy to Frederick of Büren, the first Hohenstaufen ruler. The Battle of Mellrichstadt in the following year (7 August) proved indecisive. Rudolf found it difficult to convince the Saxons to fight beyond their borders; they viewed Rudolf as a southerner and distrusted him. He was also frustrated by the apparent reluctance of Pope Gregory VII to recognize his cause. In order to gain and maintain supporters, he was forced to grant large parts of the crown lands, as well as those of the church, to his followers. Nevertheless, things seemed to be improving in 1080. The Battle of Flarchheim (27 January 1080) went well in his favor. On 7 March, the pope excommunicated Henry again and recognized Rudolf as king. Emboldened, Rudolf's forces met Henry's at the Weisse-Elster River in the Battle of Elster. The battle, which took place on 14 October 1080, would have been a huge victory for the anti-royalists. However, Rudolf lost his right hand in the battle and was mortally wounded in the abdomen. He withdrew to nearby Merseburg, where he died the next day and was buried. The majority of the support for the rebellion against Henry IV soon evaporated, but the struggle continued on in effect into 1085, with a final flare up in 1088 under Rudolph's successor, the second antiking, Herman of Luxembourg. Rudolph's daughter Adelaide married Ladislaus I of Hungary.
Berthold I (1079–90, Wetterau/Rheinfelden) - Berthold I (c. 1060 – 18 May 1090), better known as Berthold of Rheinfelden, was the Duke of Swabia from 1079 until his death. He was the eldest son of Rudolf of Rheinfelden, the German anti-king who opposed the Emperor Henry IV. Berthold's mother's name is unknown, but on her death in 1079, Rudolf needed a new supervisor of the south German resistance, since he was himself confined to Saxony and cut off from his allies in Swabia. Rudolf therefore made his son Duke of Swabia. Henry, however, appointed Frederick of Büren, who had lands strategically located much to his advantage, Duke. Throughout the civil war against Henry, Swabia was in the heart of the chaos. In 1084, Berthold was besieged by supporters of Henry IV. Though he had a larger power base, he remained of low profile. He eventually left the fight to Berthold of Zähringen and Welf IV. When he died without descendants in 1090 and was buried in the monastery of Saint Blaise, Berthold succeeded him as duke.
Berthold II (1092–98, Zähringen) - Berthold II or Berchtold II (c. 1050 – 12 April 1111) was the Duke of Swabia from 1092 to 1098. Berthold was a son of Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia and initially supported Rudolf of Rheinfelden against King Henry IV. Both the Zähringer and Rheinfeldener were relieved of their titles and possessions by the king in 1077. Berthold I died in 1078 and Berthold inherited his claims, including a claim on the Duchy of Swabia. In 1079, Berthold married Agnes, Rudolf's daughter. In the following years, he became a strong supporter of Berthold I, Duke of Swabia, against the king. He was at odds with the royal duke, Frederick of Büren, and the Bishops of Basel and Strasbourg. However, when the region quieted down in the late 1080s, Berthold is found as a witness to an exchange of land involving the bishop of Basel (1087). Tensions rose again in 1090, when Berthold I died. Berthold of Zähringen asserted a claim to the Rheinfeldener inheritance in Burgundy. He also placed a claim on the Duchy of Swabia. Supported by the Welfs and the Papacy, he was elected duke in opposition to Frederick in 1092. In that same year, he was chosen as Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona (like his father) by those who opposed Duke Henry V. Berthold, also like his father, never held any real power in Carinthia. In 1093, Berthold and Welf IV signed a "peace oath" at Ulm. At first only valid in Swabia, it was soon extended to Bavaria and strengthened opposition to the emperor in southern Germany. Around 1098, Berthold and Frederick came to terms whereby Frederick kept Swabia, but Berthold was given the Reichsvogtei (or imperial estates, depending on the source) of Zürich and allowed to keep the ducal title. By this step, the relationship between the Zähringers and Henry IV improved. In 1105, Berthold was the closest ally of Henry's son Henry V, who rebelled against his father. Berthold, beginning in 1090, extended his power into the Breisgau so that the Zähringer territory extracted itself from the influence of the Swabian duke. In 1091, he built the castle of Zähringen, as well as a protective castle for the nearby settlement of Freiburg in the Breisgau. Berthold was the first of the Zähringers to hold the title "Duke of Zähringen" (from 1100). He established his rule with the foundation of monasteries and other settlements in the Black Forest. His territory was small and he had little opportunity for expansion. His ducal title was described by Otto of Freising as one of the first "empty titles" in medieval Germany: a title signifying little in the way of governmental or territorial significance. His was not a political or military office nor a tribal or territorial command. Rather, his ducal title was a mere dignity and his estates family possessions. In 1093, he founded the Benedictine monastery of Saint Peter, which became the family mausoleum. The monasteries he founded were usually reformed monasteries hostile to the emperor. With the displacement of the Counts of Hohenburg from the region of the Black Forest, Berthold successfully turned it into his centre of power. By the end of his life, Berthold's estates amounted to a justification of his grandiose title. He was succeeded as duke by his eldest son Berthold III. His second son Conrad succeeded Berthold III after eleven years.
House of Hohenstaufen
Frederick I (1079–1105) - Frederick I von Staufen (1050–July 21, 1105) was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death. He was the first ruler of Swabia of the House of Hohenstaufen. He was the son of Frederick von Büren and Hildegard von Bar-Mousson. In 1089, Frederick married Agnes of Germany, daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. They had several sons and daughters, amongst whom were:
Frederick II of Swabia (1090-1147), the father of Frederick Barbarossa
Conrad III, king of Germany (1093-1152)
Frederick II (1105–47) - Frederick II (1090 – 6 April 1147), called the One-Eyed, was the second Hohenstaufen Duke of Swabia from 1105. He was the eldest son of Frederick I and Agnes. He succeeded his father in 1105. In 1121 he married Judith of Bavaria, a member of the powerful House of Guelph. On the death of Emperor Henry V, his uncle, Frederick stood for election as King of the Romans with the support of his younger brother Conrad, Duke of Franconia and several houses. However, he lost this election of 1125 to Lothar III, crowned Emperor later in 1133. A conflict erupted between Frederick and his supporters, and Lothar. Encouraged by Albert, Archbishop of Mainz, who loathed the supporters of the late Emperor Henry V, Lothar besieged Nuremberg in 1127. Frederick relieved the siege of Nuremberg in 1127 and occupied Speyer in 1128. The attempt of Henry the Proud, duke of Bavaria, to capture Frederick during negotiations failed (1129). However, afterwards supporters of Lothar won a number of victories both in Germany and in Italy. Speyer (1129), Nuremberg (1130) and Ulm (1134) were captured and in October 1134 Frederick submitted to the emperor. In 1135 both Frederick and Conrad were finally reconciled with Lothar. After Lothar's death (1137) and election of Conrad as King of the Romans (1138) Frederick supported his brother in the struggle with Guelphs. According to Otto of Freising, Frederick was "so faithful a knight to his sovereign and so helpful a friend to his uncle that by valor he supported the tottering honor of the realm, fighting manfully against its foes..." Frederick's second wife, Agnes, was the niece of his old enemy Albert of Mainz.
Frederick III (1147–52), King of the Romans from 1152 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 - Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 – 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March, crowned King of Italy at Pavia in 1154, and finally crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155. He was crowned King of Burgundy at Arles on 30 June 1178. Before his royal election, he was by inheritance Duke of Swabia (1147–1152, as Frederick III). He was the son of Duke Frederick II of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. His mother was Judith, daughter of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, from the rival House of Welf, and Frederick therefore descended from Germany's two leading families, making him an acceptable choice for the Empire's prince-electors.
Frederick IV (1152–67) - Frederick IV of Hohenstaufen (1145 – 1167) was Duke of Swabia, succeeding his cousin, Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1152. He was the son of Conrad III of Germany and his second wife Gertrude von Sulzbach and thus the direct heir of the crown, had there been true heredity. However, on his death bed, Conrad III allegedly advised the only two persons present, his nephew Frederick Barbarossa and the Bishop of Bamberg, to nominate Frederick Barbarossa; and handed the Imperial insignia to him. Barbarossa wasted no time in getting the Bavarian clerics to endorse him, and had the Archbishop of Cologne convene a hurried Reichstag. There the electors of the Empire (minus their "primus inter pares", Henry I, Archbishop of Mainz, the Archbishop of Mainz, an ally of the Pope) elected Frederick Barbarossa to be King, instead of his six-year-old cousin Frederick. The younger man became Duke of Swabia instead. Frederick participated in Barbarossa's campaigns in Italy, becoming one of the many casualties of the Imperial army. He succumbed to disease after occupying Rome in 1167. Barbarossa then gave Swabia to his three-year-old son, Frederick V. Frederick IV married Gertrude of Bavaria. She was a daughter of Henry the Lion and his first wife Clementia of Zähringen. They had no known children.
Frederick V (1167–70) - Frederick V of Hohenstaufen (1164 – 1170) was Duke of Swabia from 1167 to his death. He was the eldest son of Frederick III Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy.
Frederick VI (1170–91) - Frederick VI of Hohenstaufen (1167 – January 20, 1191) was Duke of Swabia from 1170 to his death at the Siege of Acre. He was the third son of Frederick III Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy and brother of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick married (or only betrothed) with the Princess Constanze of Hungary, but had no known descendants.
Conrad II (1191–96) - Conrad II, German: Konrad II von Hohenstaufen (February/March 1173 – August 15, 1196) was Duke of Swabia from 1191 to his death and Duke of Rothenburg (1188-1191). He was the fifth son of Frederick III Barbarossa and Beatrice, Countess of Burgundy and brother of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. He was engaged to Berenguela of Castile but died before they could be married. In 1191, Conrad was present in Rome for the coronation of his brother, Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. He then joined the Norman campaigns in Sicily in 1191 and 1194. A chronicler described Conrad as "a man thoroughly given to adultery, fornication, defilement, and every foulness; nevertheless, he was vigorous and brave in battle and generous to his friends." Conrad was murdered in Durlach in 1196, allegedly by the husband of a woman he had raped. Another story says that Conrad was bitten in the eye by a virgin he was attempting to rape, and that he died of the resulting infection.
Philip I (1196–1208), King from 1198 - Philip was the fifth and youngest son of the emperor Frederick I and Beatrix, daughter of Renaud III, Count of Burgundy, and brother of the Emperor Henry VI. He entered the clergy, was made provost of Aix-la-Chapelle, and in 1190 or 1191 was chosen bishop of Würzburg. Having accompanied his brother Henry to Italy in 1191, Philip forsook his ecclesiastical calling, and, travelling again to Italy, was made duke of Tuscany in 1195 and received an extensive grant of lands. In 1196 he became duke of Swabia, on the death of his brother Conrad; and in May 1197 he married Irene Angelina, daughter of the Byzantine emperor, Isaac II, and widow of Roger III, Titular King of Sicily, a lady who is described by Walther von der Vogelweide as " the rose without a thorn, the dove without guile." Philip enjoyed his brother's confidence to a very great extent, and appears to have been designated as guardian of the Henry's young son Frederick, afterwards the emperor Frederick II, in case of his father's early death. In 1197 he had set out to fetch Frederick from Sicily for his coronation as King of the Germans when he heard of the emperor's death and returned at once to Germany. He appears to have desired to protect the interests of his nephew and to quell the disorder which arose on Henry's death, but was overtaken by events. The hostility to the kingship of a child was growing, and after Philip had been chosen as defender of the empire during Frederick's minority he consented to his own election. He was elected German king at Mühlhausen on March 8, 1198, and was crowned at Mainz on the September 8 following. Meanwhile, a number of princes hostile to Philip, under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, had elected an anti-king in the person of Otto, second son of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony. In the war that followed, Philip, who drew his principal support from south Germany, met with considerable success. In 1199 he received further accessions to his party and carried the war into his opponent's territory, although unable to obtain the support of Pope Innocent III, and only feebly assisted by his ally Philip Augustus, king of France. The following year was less favourable to his arms; and in March 1201 Innocent took the decisive step of placing Philip and his associates under the ban, and began to work energetically in favour of Otto. Also in 1201, Philip was visited by his cousin Boniface of Montferrat, the leader of the Fourth Crusade. The Crusaders were by this time under Venetian control and were besieging Zara on the Adriatic Sea. Although Boniface's exact reasons for meeting with Philip are unknown, while at Philip's court he also met Alexius Angelus, Philip's brother-in-law. Alexius convinced Boniface, and later the Venetians, to divert the Crusade to Constantinople and restore Isaac II to the throne, as he had recently been deposed by Alexius III, Alexius and Irene's uncle. The two succeeding years were still more unfavourable to Philip. Otto, aided by Ottokar I, king of Bohemia, and Hermann I, landgrave of Thuringia, drove him from north Germany, thus compelling him to seek by abject concessions, but without success, reconciliation with Innocent. The submission to Philip of Hermann of Thuringia in 1204 marks the turning-point of his fortunes, and he was soon joined by Adolph of Cologne and Henry I, Duke of Brabant. On January 6, 1205 he was crowned again with great ceremony by Adolph at Aix-la-Chapelle, though it was not till 1207 that his entry into Cologne practically brought the war to a close. A month or two later Philip was loosed from the papal ban, and in March 1208 it seems probable that a treaty was concluded by which a nephew of the pope was to marry one of Philip's daughters and to receive the disputed dukedom of Tuscany. Philip was preparing to crush the last flicker of the rebellion in Brunswick-Lüneburg when he was murdered at Bamberg, on June 21, 1208, by Otto of Wittelsbach, count palatine in Bavaria, to whom he had refused the hand of one of his daughters. Philip was a brave and handsome man, and contemporary writers, among whom was Walther von der Vogelweide, praise his mildness and generosity.
House of Guelph
Otto IV (1208–12), King of the Romans from 1208 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 - Otto was born in Normandy, the son of Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, and Matilda Plantagenet. He grew up in England in the care of his grandfather King Henry II. Otto became a friend of Richard I of England, who attempted to make him Earl of York, and, through marriage, King of Scotland. Both attempts failed, and so in 1196, he was made count of Poitou. He participated in the war against France on the side of Richard. After the death of Emperor Henry VI, some of the princes of the Empire elected his brother, Philip, Duke of Swabia, king in March 1198. The papacy, under Innocent III, seized the opportunity to extend its sway at the expense of the vulnerable empire and proceeded to move heaven and earth on behalf of Otto, whose family had always been opposed to the house of Hohenstaufen. Otto himself also seemed willing to grant any demands that Innocent would make. Those princes opposed to the Staufen dynasty also decided, on the initiative of Richard of England, to elect instead a member of the House of Welf. Otto's elder brother, Henry, was on a crusade at the time, and so the choice fell to Otto. The papal favorite, soon recognized over the whole empire, was elected king by the princes of northern Germany in Cologne on June 9, 1198. Otto took control of Aachen, the place of coronation, and was crowned by Adolf, Archbishop of Cologne, on July 12, 1198. The coronation was done with fake regalia, because the actual materials were in the hands of the Staufen. Otto's election pulled the empire into the conflict between England and France, since Philip allied himself with France, and Otto was being supported by England. In 1200-01, Innocent announced that he recognized Otto as the only legitimate king. In return, Otto promised to support the pope's interests in Italy. In the following years, Otto's situation worsened because after England's defeat by France he lost England's financial support. Many of his allies changed sides to Philip, including his brother Henry. Otto was defeated and wounded in battle by Philip on July 27, 1206, near Wassenberg, and as a consequence also lost the support of the pope. Otto was forced to retire to his possessions near Braunschweig. However, Philip was murdered two years later, on June 8, 1208. After Philip's death, Otto made amends with the Staufen party and became engaged to Philip's daughter Beatrix. In an election in Frankfurt on November 11, 1208, he gained the support of all the electoral princes. He was crowned emperor by Pope Innocent on October 4, 1209. Contradicting his earlier promises, Otto worked to restore imperial power in Italy and was excommunicated by the pope for this in 1210. In 1211, he tried to conquer Sicily, which was held by the Staufen king Frederick Roger. While Otto was in southern Italy, several princes of the empire, at the instigation of King Philip II of France and with the consent of the pope, elected Frederick Roger king at the Diet of Nuremberg. Otto returned to Germany to deal with the situation. After Beatrix died in the summer of 1212, and Frederick arrived in Germany with his army in September 1212, most of the former Staufen supporters deserted Otto for Frederick. On December 5, 1212, Frederick was elected king for a second time by a majority of the princes. However, Frederick did not manage to defeat Otto until 1214, when Otto, who was allied with King John of England, decisively lost the Battle of Bouvines (July 27, 1214) to the forces of Philip II of France. Otto was forced again to withdraw to his private possessions around Brunswick. His death, at Harzburg castle on May 19, 1218, was described by historian Kantorowicz as gruesome: "deposed, dethroned, he was flung full length on the ground by the Abbot, confessing his sins, while the reluctant priests beat him bloodily to death. Such was the end of the first and last Welf Emperor."[1] He is entombed in Brunswick Cathedral.
Hohenstaufen restored
Frederick VII (1212–16), King of the Romans from 1212 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 - Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. As such, he was King of Germany, of Italy, and of Burgundy. He was also King of Sicily from his mother's inheritance. He was Holy Roman Emperor (Emperor of the Romans) from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death. His original title was King of Sicily, which he held as Frederick I from 1198 to his death. His other royal titles, accrued for a brief period of his life, were King of Cyprus and Jerusalem by virtue of marriage and his connection with the Sixth Crusade. He was raised and lived most of his life in Sicily, with his mother, Constance, being the daughter of Roger II of Sicily. His empire was frequently at war with the Papal States, so it is unsurprising that he was excommunicated twice and often vilified in chronicles of the time. Pope Gregory IX went so far as to call him the Antichrist. After his death the idea of his second coming where he would rule a 1,000-year reich took hold, possibly in part because of this. He was known in his own time as Stupor mundi ("wonder of the world") and was said to speak six languages: Latin, Sicilian, German, French, Greek and Arabic. By contemporary standards, Frederick was a ruler very much ahead of his time, being an avid patron of science and the arts. He was patron of the Sicilian School of poetry. His royal court in Palermo, from around 1220 to his death, saw the first use of a literary form of an Italo-Romance language, Sicilian. The poetry that emanated from the school predates the use of the Tuscan idiom as the preferred language of the Italian peninsula by at least a century. The school and its poetry were well known to Dante and his peers and had a significant influence on the literary form of what was eventually to become the modern Italian language. He founded the University of Naples in 1224.
Henry II (1216–35), King from 1220 - Henry VII (1211 – 12 February (?) 1242) was King of Sicily from 1212, King of Germany (formally Rex Romanorum) from 1220, and Duke of Swabia (as Henry II) from 1216. He was the son and co-king of Emperor Frederick II and elder brother of Conrad IV of Germany.
Conrad III (1235–54), King from 1237 - Conrad IV (25 April 1228 – 21 May 1254) was King of Jerusalem (as Conrad II) (1228–1254), of Germany (1237–1254), and of Sicily (as Conrad I) (1250–1254). He was a son of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II and the Queen Regnant of Jerusalem, Yolanda. Born in Andria, Conrad was the second but only surviving son of Frederick and Yolanda, who died while bearing him. Conrad lived in Italy until 1235, when he first visited Germany. During this period his kingdom of Jerusalem, ruled by his father as regent through proxies, was racked by the War of the Lombards until Conrad declared his majority and his father's regency lost its validity. When Frederick II deposed his eldest son, Conrad's rebellious older brother Henry, in 1237 had Conrad elected King of the Romans in diet in Vienna. This title presumed a future as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Archbishop Siegfried III of Mainz acted as German regent until 1242, when Frederick chose Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, and Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, to assume this function. Conrad intervened directly in German politics from around 1240. However, when Pope Innocent IV imposed a papal ban on Frederick in 1245 and declared Conrad deposed, Henry Raspe supported the pope and was in turn elected as anti-king of Germany on 22 May 1246. Henry Raspe defeated Conrad in the battle of Nidda in August 1246, but died several months later. He was succeeded as anti-king by William of Holland. Also in 1246, Conrad married Elisabeth of Bavaria, a daughter of Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria. They had a son, Conradin, in 1252. In 1250 Conrad settled momentarily the situation in Germany by defeating William of Holland and his Rhenish allies. When Frederick II died in the same year, he passed Sicily and Germany, as well as the title of Jerusalem, to Conrad, but the struggle with the pope continued. Having been defeated by William in 1251, Conrad decided to invade Italy in 1251 in the hope to regain the rich reign of his father, and where his brother Manfred acted as vicar. He was however not able to subdue the pope's supporters, and the pope in turn offered Sicily to Edmund Crouchback, son of Henry III of England (1253). Conrad was excommunicated in 1254, but died of a malaria in the same year at Lavello in Basilicata. Manfred first, and later his infant son Conradin, continued the struggle with the Papacy, although unsuccessfully. Conrad's widow Elisabeth married second Meinhard II, Count of Tirol, who in 1286 became Duke of Carinthia. With Conrad's death in 1254 began the "Interregnum", during which no ruler managed to gain undisputed control of Germany. It would only be ended with the election of Rudolph of Habsburg as King of the Romans in 1273.
Conrad IV (Conradin) (1254–68), also King of Sicily and Jerusalem - Conrad (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (German: Konradin, Italian: Corradino), was the Duke of Swabia (1254–1268, as Conrad IV), King of Jerusalem (1254–1268, as Conrad III), and King of Sicily (1254–1258, de jure until 1268, as Conrad II). He was born in Wolfstein, Bavaria, to Conrad IV of Germany and Elisabeth of Wittelsbach. He is sometimes known as Conrad V, though he never succeeded his father in Germany. Having lost his father in 1254 he grew up at the court of his uncle and guardian, Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria. His guardians were able to hold Swabia for him. Jerusalem was held by a relative from the royal house of Cyprus as regent. In Sicily, his father's half-brother Manfred continued as regent, but began to develop plans to usurp the kingship. We know little of his appearance and character except that he was "beautiful as Absalom, and spoke good Latin". Although his father had entrusted him to the guardianship of the church, Pope Innocent IV pursued Conradin with the same relentless hatred he had against his grandfather Frederick II, and attempted to bestow the kingdom of Sicily on a foreign prince. Innocent's successor, Pope Alexander IV, continuing this policy, offered the Hohenstaufen lands in Germany to Alfonso X, king of Castile, and forbade Conradin's election as King of the Romans. Having assumed the title of King of Jerusalem and Sicily, Conradin took possession of the Duchy of Swabia in 1262, and remained for some time in his dukedom. Conradin's first invitation to Italy came from the Guelphs of Florence: they asked him to take arms against Manfred, who had been crowned King of Sicily in 1258 on a false rumor of Conradin's death. Louis refused this invitation on his nephew's behalf. In 1266 the count Charles I of Anjou, called by the new pope Clement IV, defeated and killed Manfred at Benevento, taking possession of southern Italy: envoys from the Ghibelline cities came then to Bavaria and urged Conradin to come and free Italy. Pledging his lands, he crossed the Alps and issued a manifesto at Verona setting forth his claim on Sicily. Notwithstanding the defection of his uncle Louis and of other companions who returned to Germany, the threats of Clement IV, and a lack of funds, his cause seemed to prosper. Proclaiming him King of Sicily, his partisans both in the north and south of Italy took up arms; Rome received his envoy with enthusiasm; and the young king himself received welcomes at Pavia, Pisa and Siena. In September 1267 a Spanish fleet disembarked in the Sicilian city of Sciacca, and most of the island rebelled against the Angevine rule. Only Palermo and Messina remained loyal to Charles. The revolt spread to Calabria and Puglia. In November of the same year the Church excommunicated him; but his fleet won a victory over that of Charles; and in July 1268, Conradin himself entered with immense enthusiasm in Rome. Having strengthened his forces, he marched towards Lucera to join the Saracens troops settled there since the time of his grandfather. On August 23, 1268 his multi-national army of Italian, Spanish, Roman, Arab and German troops encountered the one of Charles at Tagliacozzo, in a hilly area of central Italy. The eagerness of Conradin's soldiers to obtain plunder in the enemy's camp after a momentary victorious assault gave the final victory to the French. Escaping from the field of battle, Conradin reached Rome, but acting on advice to leave the city he proceeded to Astura in an attempt to sail for Sicily: but here he was arrested and handed over to Charles of Anjou, who imprisoned him in the Castel dell'Ovo in Naples, together with the inseparable Frederick of Baden. He was tried as a traitor, and on October 29, 1268 he and Frederick were beheaded. With Conradin's death at 16, the legitimate Hohenstaufen line became extinct. His remains, with those of Frederick of Baden, lie in the church of the monastery of Santa Maria del Carmine at Naples, founded by his mother for the good of his soul; and here in 1847 Maximilian, crown prince of Bavaria, erected a marble statue by Bertel Thorvaldsen to his memory. In the 14th century Codex Manesse, a collection of medieval German lyrics, preserved at Heidelberg, there appear two songs written by Conradin, and his fate has formed the subject of several dramas. His hereditary Kingdom of Jerusalem passed to the heirs of his great-great-grandmother Isabella I of Jerusalem, among whom a succession dispute arose. The senior heir in primogeniture was Hugh of Brienne, a second cousin of Conradin's father, but another second cousin Hugh III of Cyprus already held the office of regent and managed to keep the kingdom as Hugh I of Jerusalem. Conradin's grandmother's first cousin Mary of Antioch also staked her claim on basis of proximity of blood, which she later sold to Conradin's executioner Charles of Anjou. The general heiress of his Kingdom of Sicily and the Duchy of Swabia was her aunt Margaret, half-sister of his father Conrad IV (the youngest but only surviving child of Frederick II and his third wife, Isabella of England) and married with Albert, Landgrave of Thuringia since 1255. Their son Frederick claimed Sicily and Swabia on her right. However, these claims met with little favor. Swabia, pawned by Conradin before his last expedition, was disintegrating as a territorial unit. He went unrecognized in Outremer, and Charles of Anjou was deeply entrenched in power in Southern Italy. Margrave Frederick proposed an invasion of Italy in 1269, and attracted some support from the Lombard Ghibellines, but his plans were never carried out, and he played no further part in Italian affairs. Finally, Sicily passed to Charles of Anjou, but the Sicilian Vespers in 1282 resulted in dual claims on the Kingdom; the Aragonese heirs of Manfred retaining the island of Sicily and the Angevin party retaining the southern part of Italy, popularly called the Kingdom of Naples.
House of Habsburg
Rudolf II (1289–90) - Duke Rudolph II of Austria, titular Duke of Swabia (1270–May 10, 1290) was the younger son of Rudolph of Habsburg, from 1273 King of the Romans, and Gertrude of Hohenburg. In December 1282 he became Duke of Austria and Styria jointly with his brother Albert I. However, in the Treaty of Rheinfelden (June 1, 1283) he had to relinquish his share. In 1289 he married Agnes of Bohemia (1269-96), daughter of Otakar II of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Slavonia. They had one son John. He died in the same year his son was born, at the age of 20. His brother's failure to ensure that Rudolf would be adequately compensated for relinquishing his claime on the throne caused strife in the Habsburg family, leading to the assassination of Albert by Rudolph's son John Parricida in 1308. His father King Rudolf also made him Duke of Swabia, a province in long-term disarray where the last duke, the underage Conradin, had been killed in 1268 and where the Habsburgs themselves were the most powerful provincial lords.
John (1290–1313) - John Parricida, or John the Parricide or Johann Parricida (see: Parricide), also called John of Swabia (born ca. 1290, died December 13, 1312 or 1313, probably in Pisa) was a son of Duke Rudolph II of Austria from the Habsburg family and Agnes, daughter of King Ottakar II of Bohemia. Consequently, he was a grandson of King Rudolph I of Germany. John was born shortly before or after the death of his father and passed his early days at the Bohemian court and the town of Brugg in the Habsburg home territory, where he is mentioned as titular Duke in a 1294 deed. As his father had been forced to waive his right to the Duchies of Austria and Styria in the 1283 Treaty of Rheinfelden, he felt deprived of his inheritance. When he came of age he demanded a portion of the family estates from his uncle, King Albert I of Germany. His wishes were not gratified nor did he receive any of the compensations awarded to his father by the Rheinfelden Treaty. Thereupon John, mocked as "Duke Lackland" (Hertzog Anlant), with three companions of Swabian nobility formed a plan to murder the King. On May 1, 1308 Albert became separated from his attendants when crossing the Reuss River at Windisch on his way home, and was at once attacked and killed by the four conspirators. John rided toward his uncle and splitted his skull without a word. He escaped the vengeance of Albert's sons, and was afterwards found in a monastery at Pisa, where in 1313 he is said to have been visited by Emperor Henry VII, who had placed him under the imperial ban (Reichsacht). His fate is unknown from this point.
The character of John is used by Friedrich Schiller in his play William Tell. John on the run arrives at Tell's house begging for help and arguing that he had to take revenge on his enemy - like Tell on bailiff Albrecht Gessler. Tell rejects the comparison but directs him to Italy, advising him to seek papal absolution.
|
||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 30
|
http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811.htm
|
en
|
[
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/arrow01.gif",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/arrow01.gif",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811_1_mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_medium.jpg",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811_2_habsburg_schweiz.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Familie
Ægtefæller/børn:
1. Ludwig II af Bayern
Agnes af Bayern+
Rudolf I bei Rhein
Anna af Bayern
Mechtild af Bayern
Ludwig IV von Wittelsbach+
Mathilde af Østrig
Født: 1252, Habsburg Schweiz, Brugg District, Aargau, Schweiz
Ægteskab (1): Ludwig II af Bayern den 27 Okt. 1273 i Aachen Tyskland
Død: 23 Dec. 1304 i en alder af 52 år
Et andet navn for Mathilde var Habsburg.
Notater:
Mathilde von Habsburg liv
Matilda of Habsburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Matilda of Habsburg or Melchilde (Rheinfelden, ca. 1252-Munich, Bavaria, 23 December 1304) was the eldest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenburg. Her siblings included: Judith of Habsburg, Klementia of Habsburg and Albert I of Germany.
Biography
On the 24 October 1273, Matilda married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria in Aachen, she was his third and final wife. There was a large age difference, Louis was twenty three years older than Matilda but they still had four children. Their children were:
Agnes (ca. 1267/77\endash 1345), married to:
1290 in Donauwörth Landgrave Henry II of Hesse;
1298/1303 Heinrich I "Ohneland" ("Lackland"), Margrave of Brandenburg.
Rudolf I (4 October 1274, Basle\endash 12 August 1319).
Mechthild (1275\endash 28 March 1319, Lüneburg), married 1288 to Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
Ludwig IV (1 April 1282, Munich\endash 11 October 1347, Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck).
On her husband's death in 1294, Matilda acted as regent for her young son Rudolf. A decision was made for Matilda to take part of the duchy and her son to take the other part. Matilda took a large part of Upper Bavaria while her son took the cities such as: Ingolstadt, Neuberg, Langenfeld and Rietberg. Within a couple of years her son came of age and ruled the kingdom by himself.
[edit]Family
Matilda was the forth of nine children, her younger sister, Judith married Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was the mother of ten children, among them were Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia and Elisabeth I of Bohemia, duchess of Luxembourg. Klementia's daughter Clemence was the mother of John I of France, the baby king. John I died when he was only five days old so was succeded by his paternal uncle Philip.
Her mother, Gertrude was born to Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg (d. 1253) and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen.
Her paternal grandparents were Burchard IV, Count of Hohenberg and his unnamed wife. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolph II, Count palatine and his wife, a daughter of Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen.Burchard IV was a son of Burchard III, Count of Hohenberg.
Burchard III was one of two sons of Burchard II, Count of Hohenberg. He was co-ruler with his brother Frederick, Count of Hohenberg. His brother had no known descendants and the two brothers consequently had a single successor.
Burchard II was one of five known sons of Frederick I, Count of Zollern and his wife Udachild of Urach.
[edit]Louis IV's early reign as Duke of Upper Bavaria
Though Matilda had her younger son, Louis partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf I in Upper Bavaria in 1301 with the support of Matilda and her brother King Albert I, he quarrelled with the Habsburgs from 1307 over possessions in Lower Bavaria. A civil war against his brother Rudolf due to new disputes on the partition of their lands was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich.
In the same year Louis defeated his Habsburg cousin Frederick the Handsome. Originally, he was a friend of Frederick, with whom he had been raised. However, armed conflict arose when the tutelage over the young Dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV) was entrusted to Frederick. On November 9, 1313, Frederick was beaten by Louis in the Battle of Gamelsdorf and had to renounce the tutelage.
Begivenheder i hendes liv:
1. Bopæl, 1252, Habsburg Schweiz, Brugg District, Aargau, Schweiz.
Mathilde blev gift med Ludwig II af Bayern, søn af Otto II af Bayern og Agnes Bei Rhein, den 27 Okt. 1273 i Aachen Tyskland. (Ludwig II af Bayern blev født den 13 Apr. 1229 i Heidelberg Tyskland og døde den 2 Feb. 1294 i Heidelberg Tyskland.)
|
|||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 29
|
https://www.myheritage.com/names/gertrude_hohenburg
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 0
|
https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/rudolf-i-marriages-and-offspring
|
en
|
Rudolf I: marriages and offspring
|
[
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/large/public/originale/am_pa_239_1.jpg?itok=4JOWBnNy×tamp=1383490529",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/large/public/originale/am_pa_239_1.jpg?itok=4JOWBnNy×tamp=1383490529",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/large/public/originale/am_pa_239_1.jpg?itok=4JOWBnNy×tamp=1383490529",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_p_m/public/images/special/koenig_albrecht_i._oel_auf_leinwand_1._haelfte_19._jahrhundert_special.jpg?itok=HTpQ-TGz×tamp=1332117596",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s2x/public/images/teaser/leopold_iii._der_heilige_vor_klosterneuburg_babenberger_stammbaum_um_1490_teaser.jpg?itok=prLiiStt×tamp=1332183344",
"https://www.habsburger.net/theme/images/Schoenbrunn-Group_Logo_mit-Claim_EN_farbig_RGB.svg",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s/public/interfaces/portraits_1.jpg?itok=QicTmzqP",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s/public/interfaces/timeline_0.jpg?itok=4lXmRTm8",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s/public/interfaces/map_1.jpg?itok=sfOve2jE",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s/public/interfaces/stammbaum-v2_0.jpg?itok=GBrIk62W",
"https://www.habsburger.net/theme/images/media.jpg",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s2x/public/images/teaser/storybild_teaser_1.jpg?itok=0Q8LLHK2×tamp=1350308645",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s2x/public/images/teaser/schubertabend_in_einem_wiener_buergerhaus_heliogravure_nach_einem_gemaelde_von_julius_schmid_2._haelfte_19._jahrhundert_teaser.jpg?itok=1JqjcgF9×tamp=1332421162",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s2x/public/images/teaser/bernardo_bellotto_gen._canaletto_schoenbrunn_-_gartenseite_oelgemaelde_175960_teaser_0.jpg?itok=NBogwyw0×tamp=1332421038",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s2x/public/images/teaser/umkreis_von_martin_van_meytens_maria_theresia_als_koenigin_von_ungarn_oelgemaelde_um_1745_teaser.jpg?itok=21qDWT3I×tamp=1332117555",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s2x/public/images/teaser/albrecht_duerer_kaiser_maximilian_i._1519_teaser.jpg?itok=AVNJWt-m×tamp=1332117639",
"https://www.habsburger.net/files/styles/teaser_ls_s2x/public/images/teaser/kaiser_karl_i._teaser.jpg?itok=CnZvzsHS×tamp=1332117573"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Rudolf’s marriage to Gertrude of Hohenberg resulted in three sons and six daughters who survived into adulthood. Their eldest son Albrecht (1255-1308) was married to Elizabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol, whose family was among the allies of the Habsburgs in the Alpine region. Albrecht further consolidated the position of the emerging dynasty. Hartmann (1263–1281), whom his father had
|
en
|
Die Welt der Habsburger
|
https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/rudolf-i-marriages-and-offspring
|
Rudolf’s marriage to Gertrude of Hohenberg resulted in three sons and six daughters who survived into adulthood.
Their eldest son Albrecht (1255-1308) was married to Elizabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol, whose family was among the allies of the Habsburgs in the Alpine region. Albrecht further consolidated the position of the emerging dynasty.
Hartmann (1263–1281), whom his father had also chosen for a dynastic alliance, died in a shipping accident on the Rhine before he could be married.
The marriages of Rudolf II (1270–1290) and Guta (1271–1297), who were betrothed while still children to Agnes and Wenceslas II, the children of King Ottokar II Přemysl who had been killed in the Battle on the Marchfeld, served to reconcile the two ruling dynasties.
Mathilda (c. 1251–1304) and Catherine (d. 1282) married into the Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty. The elder of the two, Mathilda, was the mother of the later emperor Louis IV the Bavarian, the rival Rudolf’s grandson Frederick for the Roman-German crown.
Hedwig (d. 1286) married Margrave Otto of Brandenburg, who was a nephew of Ottokar II Přemysl on his mother’s side.
Agnes (c. 1257–1322) was married to another of her father’s supporters, Duke Albrecht II of Saxony.
Clementia (d. 1293) was married to Charles Martell, who was from the Angevin dynasty ruling over the kingdom of Naples and descended on his mother’s side from the Hungarian royal dynasty. After the turmoil ensuing from the extinction of the Arpads he sought to claim succession to the Hungarian throne. However, it was to be his son Charles Robert who would finally win the Hungarian crown.
After the death of Gertrude Rudolf remarried in 1284 at the age of sixty-six. His bride was the fourteen-year-old Agnes of Burgundy (1270–1323). The couple’s marriage remained childless.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 93
|
https://knowledgezone.co.in/topics/explorer%3Ftopic%3DRudolf%2520II,%2520Margrave%2520of%2520Baden-Baden
|
en
|
Your Gateway to Knowledge
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Knowledge",
"Career",
"Job",
"Scholarsip",
"Admission",
"Course",
"Bookmarks",
"Quiz",
"Examination"
] | null |
[] | null |
Knowledge Zone - Social Knowledge Sharing Platform
|
en
|
/assets/images/icons/kzone_icon.png
|
Knowledge Zone
|
https://knowledgezon.co.in/
| |||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 91
|
https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/24068
|
en
|
Albert II of Germany
|
[
"https://en-academic.com/images/Logo_en.png",
"https://en-academic.com/images/Logo_h_en.png",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/70309897",
"https://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=23600742&cv=2.0&cj=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Albert II of Habsburg (August 10, 1397 ndash; October 27, 1439) was King of the Romans (ruler of Germany within the Holy Roman Empire) from 1438 until his death. He was also King of Bohemia and Hungary and, as Albert V, Duke of…
|
en
|
https://en-academic.com/favicon.ico
|
Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
|
https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/24068
|
Albert II of Habsburg (August 10, 1397 – October 27, 1439) was King of the Romans (ruler of Germany within the Holy Roman Empire) from 1438 until his death. He was also King of Bohemia and Hungary and, as Albert V, Duke of Austria.
Biography
Albert was born in Vienna as the son of Albert IV, Duke of Austria, and Johanna Sophia of Bavaria.
Albert succeeded to the duchy of Austria on his father's death in 1404. After receiving a good education, he undertook the government of Austria in 1411, and succeeded, with the aid of his advisers, in ridding the duchy of the evils which had arisen during his minority. He assisted the German emperor Sigismund, who was also king of Hungary and Bohemia, in his campaigns against the Hussites, and in 1422 married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sigismund, who designated him as his successor. (Note that she was not the daughter of Sigismund's first wife Mary of Hungary, and thus not descended from Angevin kings of Hungary, but in many ways, she descended from the old Arpád kings of Hungary.)
Elisabeth was daughter of Emperor Sigismund and his second wife, the Slovenian noblewoman Barbara of Celje. Her paternal grandparents were Emperor Charles IV and Elisabeth of Pomerania. Her maternal grandfather was Count Herman II of Celje, whose parents were the Slovenian ruler Count Herman I of Celje and Catherine of Bosnia (who apparently descended also from Nemanjic kings of Serbia and from Catherine of Hungary, a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary). In right of the paternal grandparents, she was, through Emperor Charles, an heiress of Bohemia, and through Elisabeth of Pomerania, an heiress of Poland, of its Kujavian Piast branch of kings. Thus, Albert's marriage brought him claims to several Slavic kingdoms and principalities.
She was also a descendant of Árpáds of Hungary, through her great-grandmother Elisabeth of Bohemia, who herself was granddaughter of Anna Rostislavna of Halicia, whose mother Constance was a daughter of King Bela IV of Hungary. Admittedly, this was not a very close Hungarian connection, but all the other descendants of Árpáds were approximately as distant at that time.Additionally, she descended from Ottokar I of Bohemia's second wife Constance of Hungary, daughter of Bela III of Hungary.
Albert himself descended from Bela IV of Hungary through his daughter Ilona whose descendant was a princess of Brieg who became Albert's ancestress the countess of Hainaut and Holland, and from a younger sister of Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia, thus descending from both Constances of Hungary, and also from King Geza II of Hungary through his daughter Elisabeth who married Bedrich of Czech, their daughter being an ancestress of Albert's maternal Bavarian line.
When Sigismund died in 1437, Albert was crowned king of Hungary on January 1, 1438, and, although crowned king of Bohemia six months later, he was unable to obtain possession of the country. He was engaged in warfare with the Bohemians and their Polish allies, when on March 18, 1438, he was chosen as German king at Frankfurt, an honour which he does not appear to have sought. He thus was "King of the Romans", but he was not crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.
Afterwards engaged in defending Hungary against the attacks of the Turks, he died on October 27, 1439, at Neszmély, and was buried at Székesfehérvár. Albert was an energetic and warlike prince, whose short reign gave great promise of usefulness for Germany.
Expulsion of the Jews
On May 23, 1420, at the behest of the Church, Albert ordered the forcible conversion of the Jews. Those that had not converted or escaped or been sent off in the boats were burned at the stake on March 12, 1421, and their beautiful synagogue destroyed.
Family
Children
His children with Elisabeth of Bohemia were:
* Ladislas V Posthumus of Bohemia, King of Hungary and Bohemia
* Anne of Austria, (1432-1462), who married William III, Duke of Saxony. William became (1457-69) Duke of Luxembourg, in right of his wife.
* Elisabeth (1438-1505), who married Casimir IV of Poland, and whose son Ladislas VI of Bohemia later became king of Bohemia and Hungary.
Ancestors
3gen
SLF=Albert II of Germany
FAT=Albert IV, Duke of Austria
FAF=Albert III, Duke of Austria
FFF=Albert II, Duke of Austria
FFM=Johanna of Pfirt
FAM=Beatrix of Nuremberg
FMF=Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg
FMM=Elisabeth of Meissen
MOT=Johanna Sophia of Bavaria
MOF=Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
MFF=Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
MFM=Margaret II, Countess of Hainault
MOM=Margaret of Brieg
MMF=Ludwik I of Brieg
MMM=Agnes of Sagan
ee also
*Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.
References
*1911
External links
-
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 71
|
https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p620.htm
|
en
|
Ancestors & Cousins: Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner (over 193,000 names).
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Children
Anne of Austria+ b. bt 1275 - 1280, d. 19 Mar 1327
Agnes of Austria b. 18 May 1281, d. 10 Jun 1364
Rudolf III, Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia b. c 1282, d. 4 Jul 1307
Isabella/Elizabeth of Austria+ b. c 1285, d. 19 May 1353
Friedrich (I) III 'the Handsome', Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Austria+ b. 1289, d. 13 Jan 1330
Leopold, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Swabia+ b. 4 Aug 1290, d. 28 Feb 1326
Katharina of Austria b. Oct 1295, d. 18 Jan 1323
Albert II Sapiens 'the Wise', Duke of Austria & Carinthia, Graf von Pfirt+ b. 12 Dec 1298, d. 20 Jul 1358
Heinrich, Duke of Austria b. 1299, d. 3 Jan 1327
Meinhard of Austria1 b. c 1300
Otto, Duke of Austria & Carinthia b. 23 Jul 1301, d. 26 Feb 1339
Jutta (Bona) of Austria b. c 1303, d. Mar 1329
Children
Anne of Austria+ b. bt 1275 - 1280, d. 19 Mar 1327
Agnes of Austria2 b. 18 May 1281, d. 10 Jun 1364
Rudolf III, Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia2 b. c 1282, d. 4 Jul 1307
Isabella/Elizabeth of Austria+ b. c 1285, d. 19 May 1353
Friedrich (I) III 'the Handsome', Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Austria+2 b. 1289, d. 13 Jan 1330
Leopold, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Swabia+ b. 4 Aug 1290, d. 28 Feb 1326
Katharina of Austria3 b. Oct 1295, d. 18 Jan 1323
Albert II Sapiens 'the Wise', Duke of Austria & Carinthia, Graf von Pfirt+ b. 12 Dec 1298, d. 20 Jul 1358
Heinrich, Duke of Austria2 b. 1299, d. 3 Jan 1327
Meinhard of Austria4 b. c 1300
Otto, Duke of Austria & Carinthia2 b. 23 Jul 1301, d. 26 Feb 1339
Jutta (Bona) of Austria b. c 1303, d. Mar 1329
Children
Elisabeth of Saxony d. a 30 May 1351
Anna of Saxony d. a 1309
Otto, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg+ d. 30 Mar 1350
Albrecht of Saxony d. 4 Jul 1329
Agnes I of Saxony+ d. 4 Jan 1338
Children
Berthold von Henneberg d. c 1411
Henry XII, Count of Henneberg+ b. c 1288, d. 10 Sep 1347
Johann I, Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen+ b. 1300, d. 2 May 1359
Ludwig von Henneberg, Prior of Magdeburg b. c 1304, d. a 1 Sep 1357
Elizabeth von Henneberg+3,4 b. b 1315, d. bt 6 Dec 1377 - 30 May 1391
Children
Berthold von Henneberg3 d. c 1411
Henry XII, Count of Henneberg+ b. c 1288, d. 10 Sep 1347
Johann I, Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen+ b. 1300, d. 2 May 1359
Ludwig von Henneberg, Prior of Magdeburg3 b. c 1304, d. a 1 Sep 1357
Elizabeth von Henneberg+ b. b 1315, d. bt 6 Dec 1377 - 30 May 1391
Children
Sophia von Hesse+4,3 b. c 1264, d. bt 12 Aug 1331 - 18 Jun 1340
Heinrich II 'the Younger', Landgraf von Hesse+3 b. c 1265, d. 23 Aug 1298
Mathilde von Hesse+3,5 b. c 1267, d. a 1332
Adelheid von Hesse+3 b. c 1268, d. 7 Dec 1315
Elisabeth I von Hesse+3,6 b. c 1269, d. 19 Feb 1293
(Mr.) von Hesse3 b. c 1270, d. c 1274
Otto I, Landgraf von Hesse, Herr von Oberhessen & Niederhessen+ b. c 1272, d. 17 Jan 1328
Children
Elisabeth III von Hesse+3 d. a 30 Oct 1308
Jutta von Hesse3 d. 13 Oct 1317
Elisabeth II von Hesse3,7,8 b. c 1276, d. a 6 Jul 1306
Agnes von Hesse3 b. c 1277, d. 1335
Johann, Landgraf of Lower Hessen+3 b. c 1278, d. bt 16 Feb 1311 - 22 Feb 1311
Katharine von Hesse3 b. c 1279, d. 1322
Ludwig von Hesse, Bishop of Munster3,7 b. c 1283, d. 18 Aug 1357
Children
Elisabeth III von Hesse+1,4 d. a 30 Oct 1308
Jutta von Hesse1,4 d. 13 Oct 1317
Elisabeth II von Hesse1 b. c 1276, d. a 6 Jul 1306
Agnes von Hesse1 b. c 1277, d. 1335
Johann, Landgraf of Lower Hessen+1,4 b. c 1278, d. bt 16 Feb 1311 - 22 Feb 1311
Katharine von Hesse1 b. c 1279, d. 1322
Ludwig von Hesse, Bishop of Munster1,4 b. c 1283, d. 18 Aug 1357
|
||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 87
|
https://issuu.com/kirkus-reviews/docs/kirkus_online_120114_best_of__2
|
en
|
December 01, 2014: Volume LXXXII, No 23
|
[
"https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/781e53c/31d186ba39f38e8c4fac.png",
"https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.3042/icons/gradient/icon-canva-gradient.svg",
"https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/781e53c/1e794a8c4ec65e549678.png",
"https://photo.isu.pub/kirkus-reviews/photo_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240814194857-95f1131a226295f6eacea815089e4543/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240731203050-977b018dfde871e1841b5d47426a1e73/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240715125436-0709f6c0001863e6c3cc8e1331e5ce97/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240701123346-8340006fc575c2b01c038e337f1c39e4/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240615040225-0c8ec0fb2fc7f2c63059960a521532b0/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/240531190117-be733ec1d187f67bd53fc02a93793ff1/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.2541/icons/gradient/icon-instagram-gradient.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-11-02T16:10:17+00:00
|
The Best 100 Nonfiction and Best 50 Teen Books of 2014, plus the full December 1 issue; and more
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/kirkus-reviews/docs/kirkus_online_120114_best_of__2
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 68
|
https://www.scribd.com/document/117699485/becsi-fillerek
|
en
|
European Royal Families
|
https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/117699485/original/65c526575d/1724438879?v=1
|
https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/117699485/original/65c526575d/1724438879?v=1
|
[
"https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/images/shared/gr_table_reading.9f6101a1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"bekastsz"
] | null |
bécsi fillérek - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. This document provides background information on silver coins and coinage in Austria during the Middle Ages. It discusses the various ruling margraves and dukes of Austria from 976 to 1177, including Leopold I, the first margrave of the Babenberg dynasty, and Henry II who elevated Austria to a duchy in 1156 and moved his residence to Vienna, establishing it as the capital. The document also notes some territorial expansions and founding of monasteries during the rules of various margraves.
|
en
|
https://s-f.scribdassets.com/scribd.ico?d61967877?v=5
|
Scribd
|
https://www.scribd.com/document/117699485/becsi-fillerek
| |||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 24
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/hohenberg.html
|
en
|
res stock photography and images
|
[
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alamy Limited"
] | null |
Find the perfect hohenberg stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
|
en
|
Alamy
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/hohenberg.html
|
Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 23/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 26
|
https://pamelamorse.com/tag/albert-i-king-of-germany-habsburg/
|
en
|
Albert I king of Germany Habsburg
|
[
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/4b990be2-b3d9-44d2-832b-26fd232b0f35.jpg?w=441",
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-spaladylogo2.jpg?w=50",
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-spaladylogo2.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Posts about Albert I king of Germany Habsburg written by Pamela Morse
|
en
|
mermaidcamp
|
https://pamelamorse.com/tag/albert-i-king-of-germany-habsburg/
|
February 28, 2014 — 4 Comments
My 19th great grandfather was born in current day Switzerland and married well:
Albert I of HabsburgKing of Germany
(formally King of the Romans)Reign27 July 1298 – 1 May 1308CoronationUncrownedGermanAlbrecht I, römisch-deutscher König, Herzog von Österreich und der Steiermark, Markgraf von MeißenTitlesDuke of Austria
Duke of Styria
Margrave of MeißenBornJuly , 1255
Rheinfelden, Free Imperial CityDiedMay 1, 1308 (aged 52)
Königsfelden, Breisgau, Further AustriaPredecessorAdolf of NassauSuccessorHenry VII, Count of LuxembourgConsortElisabeth of Gorizia-TyrolOffspringRudolph I, King of Bohemia
Frederick the Fair, King of the Romans
Leopold I, Duke of Austria
Albert II, Duke of Austria
Anna, Duchess of Brieg
Agnes, Queen of Hungary
Elisabeth, Duchess of Lorraine
Catherine, Duchess of Calabria and three others Royal HouseHouse of HabsburgFatherRudolph I, King of the RomansMotherGertrude of Hohenburg
Albert I of Habsburg (German: Albrecht I) (July 1255 – May 1, 1308) was King of the Romans, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg.
He was the founder of the great house of Habsburg invested with the duchies of Austria and Styria, together with his brother Rudolph II, in 1282. In 1283 his father entrusted him with their sole government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success. Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, and on his death in 1291, the princes, fearing Albert’s power, chose Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg as king. A rising among his Swabian dependents compelled Albert to recognize the sovereignty of his rival, and to confine himself for a time to the government of the Habsburg territories.
He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised. In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolf. The armies of the rival kings met at the Battle of Göllheim near Worms, where Adolf was defeated and slain. Submitting to a new election but securing the support of several influential princes by making extensive promises, he was chosen at Frankfurt on July 27, 1298, and crowned at Aachen on August 24.
Albert married Elisabeth, daughter of Meinhard II, count of Gorizia and Tyrol, who was a descendant of the Babenberg margraves of Austria who predated the Habsburgs’ rule. The baptismal name Leopold, patron saint margrave of Austria, was given to one of their sons. Elisabeth was in fact better connected to mighty German rulers than her husband: a descendant of earlier kings, for example Emperor Henry IV, she was also a niece of dukes of Bavaria, Austria’s important neighbors.
Although a hard, stern man, Albert had a keen sense of justice when his own interests were not involved, and few of the German kings possessed so practical an intelligence. He encouraged the cities, and not content with issuing proclamations against private war, formed alliances with the princes in order to enforce his decrees. The serfs, whose wrongs seldom attracted notice in an age indifferent to the claims of common humanity, found a friend in this severe monarch, and he protected even the despised and persecuted Jews. Stories of his cruelty and oppression in the Swiss cantons did not appear until the 16th century, and are now regarded as legendary.
Albert sought to play an important part in European affairs. He seemed at first inclined to press a quarrel with France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of Pope Boniface VIII to recognize his election led him to change his policy, and, in 1299, he made a treaty with Philip IV of France, by which his son Rudolph was to marry Blanche, a daughter of the French king. He afterwards became estranged from Philip, but in 1303, Boniface recognized him as German king and future emperor; in return, Albert recognized the authority of the pope alone to bestow the imperial crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without papal consent.
Albert had failed in his attempt to seize Holland and Zeeland, as vacant fiefs of the Empire, on the death of Count John I in 1299, but in 1306 he secured the crown of Bohemia for his son Rudolph on the death of King Wenceslaus III. He also renewed the claim made by his predecessor, Adolf, on Thuringia, and interfered in a quarrel over the succession to the Hungarian throne. His attack on Thuringia ended in his defeat at Lucka in 1307 and, in the same year, the death of his son Rudolph weakened his position in eastern Europe. His action in abolishing all tolls established on the Rhine since 1250, led the Rhenish archbishops and the count palatine of the Rhine to form a league against him. Aided by the towns, however, he soon crushed the rising.
He was on the way to suppress a revolt in Swabia when he was murdered on May 1, 1308, at Windisch on the Reuss River, by his nephew John of Swabia, afterwards called “the Parricide” or “John Parricida”, whom he had deprived of his inheritance.
Titles
Albert, by the grace of God king of the Romans, duke of Austria and Styria, lord of Carniola, over the Wendish Mark and of Port Naon, count of Habsburg and Kyburg, landgrave of Alsace
Family
Albert and his wife Elizabeth had twelve children:
Rudolph III (ca. 1282 – 4 July 1307, Horažďovice), Married but line extinct and predeceased his father.
Frederick I (1289 – 13 January 1330, Gutenstein). Married but line extinct.
Leopold I (4 August 1290 – 28 February 1326, Strassburg). Married, had issue.
Albert II (12 December 1298, Vienna – 20 July 1358, Vienna).
Heinrich (1299 – 3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Married but line extinct.
Meinhard, 1300 died young.
Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna – 26 February 1339, Vienna). Married but line extinct.
Anna 1280?, Vienna – 19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
in Graz ca. 1295 to Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel;
in Breslau 1310 to Duke Henry VI the Good.
Agnes (18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
Catherine (1295 – 18 January 1323, Naples), married Charles, Duke of Calabria in 1316.
Jutta (d. 1329), married Ludwig V, Count of Öttingen in Baden, 26 March 1319.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Albert I of Germany 16. Albert III, Count of Habsburg 8. Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg 17. Ida von Pfullendorf 4. Albert IV, Count of Habsburg 18. Gottfried von Staufen 9. Agnes of Staufen 2. Rudolph I of Germany 20. Hartmann III, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen 10. Ulrich, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen 21. Richenza von Lenzburg 5. Heilwig of Kiburg 22. Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen 11. Anna von Zähringen 23. Heilwig of Frohburg 1. Albert I of Germany 24. Burckhard III, Count of Hohenburg 12. Burckhard IV, Count of Hohenburg 6. Burckhard V, Count of Hohenburg 3. Gertrude of Hohenburg 28. Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen 14. Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen 29. Mechtild of Gleiberg, Countess of Giessen 7. Mechtild of Tübingen 30. Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg 15. unnamed 31. Udilhild of Gammertingen [edit] References and external linksWikimedia Commons has media related to: Albert I of Habsburg
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Albert I of Germany
House of Habsburg
Born: 1255 Died: 1308German royaltyRegnal titlesPreceded by
AdolfKing of Germany(formally King of the Romans)
1298–1308Succeeded by
Henry VIIMargrave of Meißen
1298–1307
With: Dietrich II (1291–1307)Friedrich I (1291–1323)Succeeded by
Friedrich IIPreceded by
King Rudolph IDuke of Austria and Styria
1282–1308
With: Rudolph II (1282–83)Rudolph III (1298–1307)Succeeded by
Frederick III the Fairand Leopold I
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 48
|
http://www.royaltombs.dk/austria.html
|
en
|
AUSTRIA
|
[
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_henryk2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_gertruda.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold6.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold6_grob.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_przemysl_otokar2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_malgorzata_babenberg.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_rudolf1_grob.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_rudolf1_habsburg.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_gertruda_bazylea.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_grob_lavanttal.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_albert1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_grob_lavanttal.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_rudolf1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_eliszka.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_grob_lavanttal.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_albrecht2_joanna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_wilhelm.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/grob_joanna2_neapol.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_fryderyk4.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_fryderyk4_anna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_fryderyk5.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_port.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold4_albrecht6.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_mechtylda.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_maxymilian1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_max1_cenotaf.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_bianca_maria_sforza.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karol2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_anna_maria_bawarska.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_max2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_maria_hiszpanska.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/korona_puste.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_ferdynand2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_mantua.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_ferynand4.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_marya_leopoldyna_maria_anna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_gonzaga_mantua.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_malgorzata_teresa.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_klaudia_felicja1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_klaudia_felicja.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_magdalena.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_jozef1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_wilhelmina_amalia.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karol3.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_elzbieta_krystyna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_jozef2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_marya_jozefa_bawarska.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_franciszek1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_mteresa_syc.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_maria_ludwika_modena.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karolina_augusta.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_ferdynand1ces.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_anna_maria_sard.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karol1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_zyta.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_1flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_2flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_3flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_4flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_5flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_6flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_flaga7.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_1map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_2map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_3map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_4map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_5map.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
favicon.png
| null |
BURIAL PLACES OF AUSTRIAN SOVEREIGNS FROM A TO Z
BRNO (CZECH REPUBLIC)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN CONVENT OF AULAE SANCTAE MARIAE (Brno, klášter cisterciaÄek, Mendlovo námestÃ):
Duchess ELIZABETH RYKSA OF POLAND (+1335), consort of Duke Rudolph III
DIJON (FRANCE)
BURIED IN THE DUCAL PALACE
(Dijon, Palais des Ducs, Salle des gardes, Rue de la Liberté):
Duchess CATHERINE OF BURGUNDY (+1425), consort of Duke Leopold IV of Styria and Carinthia
GAMING (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CARTHUSIAN CONVENT
(Gaming, Kartause, Ãtscherlandstr.):
01. Duke ALBERT II THE LAME (+1358)
02. Duchess JOANNA OF PFIRT (+1351), consort of Duke Albert II
03. Duchess ELIZABETH OF BOHEMIA (+1373), consort of Duke Albert III
GRAZ (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE IMPERIAL MAUSOLEUM
(Graz, Kaiserliches Mausoleum, Bürgergasse):
01. Archduchess ANNA MARIA OF BAVARIA (+1608), consort of Archduke Charles II
02. Archduke FERDINAND III (+1637)
HEILIGENKREUZ (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY (Stift Heiligenkreuz):
01. Margravine GERTRUDE OF SÃPPLINGENBURG (+1143), consort of Duke Henry II
02. Duke LEOPOLD V (+1194)
03. Duke FREDERICK I THE CATHOLIC (+1198)
04. Duke FREDERICK II THE VALIANT (+1246)
INNSBRUCK (AUSTRIA)
THE COURT CHURCH (Innsbruck, Hofkirche, Universitätsstr.):
Cenotaph to Archduke MAXIMILIAN I (+1519).
Maximilian I was, however, not buried here, but in St George's Chapel in Wiener Neustadt.
KLOSTERNEUBURG (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE AUGUSTINIAN ABBEY
(Stift Klosterneuburg, Stiftsplatz):
Duchess THEODORA OF BYZANTIUM (+1246), consort of Duke Leopold VI.
The tomb has not been preserved.
LILIENFELD (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY (Stift Lilienfeld, Klosterrotte):
01. Duke LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS (+1230)
02. Duchess MARGARET OF BABENBERG (+1266), consort of Duke Ottokar
03. Duchess CIMBURGIS OF MAZOVIA (+1429), consort of Duke Ernest the Ironside.
The tomb has not been preserved.
MADRID (SPAIN)
BURIED IN THE MONASTERY OF DISCALCED FRANCISCANS (Madrid, Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales, calle de la Misericordia):
Archduchess MARY OF SPAIN (+1603), consort of Archduke Maximilian II
MONTE (MADEIRA-PORTUGAL)
BURIED IN THE CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF MONTE
(Monte, Igreja Nossa Senhora do Monte, Caminho Das Babosas):
Emperor CHARLES I (+1922).
His heart was buried in Muri Abbey, Switzerland.
NAPLES (ITALY)
BURIED IN THE BASILICA OF SANTISSIMA ANNUNZIATA
(Napoli, Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Via Annunziata):
Duchess JOAN OF NAPLES (+1435), consort of Duke William of Styria nad Carinthia
NEUBERG AN DER MÃRZ (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE MONASTERY CHURCH
(Neuberg an der Mürz, Münster, Hauptstr.):
01. Duke OTTO THE MERRY (+1339)
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF LOWER BAVARIA (+1330), consort of Duke Otto the Merry
03. Duchess ANNE OF BOHEMIA (+1338), consort of Duke Otto the Merry
04. Duke LEOPOLD II (+1344)
PARIS (FRANCE)
BURIED IN THE AUGUSTINIAN CONVENT
(Paris, Couvent des Grands-Augustins):
Duchess AGNES OF BURGUNDY (+1323), wife of Duke Rudolph I.
The convent was demolished after 1789.
PRAGUE (CZECH REPUBLIC)
BURIED IN THE CONVENT OF ST AGNES
(Praha, klašter sv. Anežky, Anežská):
01. Duchess KUNIGUNDE OF HALICZ (+1285), consort of Duke Ottokar.
The tomb has not been preserved.
02. Duchess AGNES OF BOHEMIA (+1296), consort of Duke Rudolph II.
The tomb has not been preserved.
PRAGUE (CZECH REPUBLIC)
BURIED IN THE CATHEDRAL OF ST VITUS (Praha, chram sv. Vita):
01. Duke OTTOKAR (+1278)
02. Duke RUDOLPH II (+1290)
03. Duke RUDOLPH III (+1307)
04. Archduke LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS (+1457)
05. Archduke FERDINAND I (+1564)
06. Archduchess ANNA JAGIELLONIAN OF BOHEMIA (+1547), consort of King Ferdinand I
07. Archduke MAXIMILIAN II (+1576)
08. Archduke RUDOLPH V (+1612
REIN (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN REIN ABBEY (Stift Rein, Pleschstr.):
01. Duke ERNEST THE IRONSIDE (+1424)
02. Duchess MARGARET OF POMERANIA (+1410), consort of Duke Ernest the Ironside.
The tomb has not been preserved.
SAN LORENZO DE EL ESCORIAL (SPAIN)
BURIED IN THE MONASTERY OF SAN LORENZO (El Monasterio de El Escorial, Avenida Juan De Borbón Y Battemberg):
Archduke CHARLES I (+1558)
SECKAU (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE BENEDICTINE ABBEY
(Seckau, Benediktinerabtei, Zellenplatz Weg):
Archduke CHARLES II (+1590)
SPEYER (GERMANY)
BURIED IN SPEYER CATHEDRAL (Speyer Dom, Domplatz):
01. Duke RUDOLPH I (+1291)
02. Duke ALBERT I (+1308)
STAMS (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY
(Stams, Zisterzienserstift, Stiftshof):
Archduchess BIANCA MARIA SFORZA (+1510), consort of Archduke Maximilian I
ST PAUL IM LAVANTTAL (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE BENEDICTINE ABBEY
(Benediktinerstift St. Paul im Lavanttal, Hauptstr.):
01. Duchess GERTRUDE ANNE (+1281), consort of Duke Rudolph I
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF CARINTHIA (+1313), consort of Duke Albert I
03. Duke LEOPOLD I (+1326)
04. Duchess CATHERINE ELIZABETH OF SAVOY (+1336), consort of Duke Leopold I
05. Duke LEOPOLD III (+1386)
STIÄNA (SLOVENIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN CONVENT
(StiÄna, Cistercijanska opatija):
01. Duchess AGNES OF MERANIA (+1263), consort of Duke Frederick II.
The tomb has not been preserved.
02. Duchess VIRIDIS OF MILAN (+1407/14), consort of Duke Leopold III.
The tomb has not been preserved.
SZÃKESFEHÃRVÃR (HUNGARY)
BURIED IN THE CORONATION BASILICA
(Székesfehérvár, Koronázó-bazilika, Koronázó tér):
01. Duke ALBERT V (+1439)
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF BOHEMIA (+1442), consort of Duke Albert V.
The basilica and the royal tombs were demolished by the Turks in 1601.
TÃBINGEN (GERMANY)
BURIED IN ST GEORGE'S CHURCH
(Tübingen, Stiftskirche St. Georg, Holzmarkt):
Archduchess MECHTILDE (+1482), consort of Archduke Albert VI
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CAPUCHIN CHURCH
(Wien, Kapuzinerkirche, Neuer Markt):
01. Archduke MATTHEW (+1619).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
02. Archduchess ANNA OF TYROL (+1618), consort of Archduke Matthew.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
03. Archduke FERDINAND IV (+1654).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
04. Archduchess MARIA ANNA OF SPAIN (+1646), consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV
05. Archduchess MARIA LEOPOLDINA OF TYROL (+1649), consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV
06. Archduchess ELEANOR MAGDALEN OF MANTUA-NEVERS-GONZAGA (+1686), consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
07. Archduke LEOPOLD VI (+1705).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
08. Archduchess MARGARET THERESA OF SPAIN (+1673), consort of Archduke Leopold VI.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
09. Archduchess ELEANOR MAGDALEN OF THE PALATINATE-NEUBURG (+1720), consort of Archduke Leopold VI
10. Archduke JOSEPH I (+1711)
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
11. Archduke CHARLES III (+1740).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
12. Archduchess ELIZABETH CHRISTINA OF BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBÃTTEL (+1750), consort of Archduke Charles III
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
13. Archduchess MARIA THERESA (+1780).
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
14. Emperor FRANCIS I STEPHEN (+1765), consort of Archduchess Maria Theresa.
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
15. Archduke JOSEPH II (+1790)
16. Archduchess MARIA JOSEPHA OF BAVARIA (+1767), consort of Archduke Joseph II
17. Archduke LEOPOLD VII (+1792).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
18. Archduchess MARIA LODOVICA OF SICILY (+1792), consort of Archduke Leopold VII
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
19. Emperor FRANCIS I (+1835).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
20. Empress MARIA THERESA OF NAPLES-SICILY (+1807), consort of Emperor Francis I
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
21. Empress MARIA LODOVICA OF MODENA (+1816), consort of Emperor Francis I.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
22. Empress CAROLINE AUGUSTA OF BAVARIA (+1873), consort of Emperor Francis I
23. Emperor FERDINAND V THE GOOD (+1875).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
24. Empress MARIA ANNA OF SARDINIA (+1884), consort of Emperor Ferdinand V
25. Emperor FRANCIS JOSEPH I (+1916)
26. Empress ELIZABETH OF BAVARIA (+1898), consort of Emperor Francis Joseph I
27. Empress ZITA OF BOURBON-PARMA (+1989), consort of Emperor Charles I.
Her heart was buried in Muri Abbey, Switzerland.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE DOMINICAN CHURCH
(Wien, Dominikanerkirche, Postgasse):
Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY OF TIROL (+1676), consort of Archduke Leopold VI.
Her heart was buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE MINORITES CONVENT, CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF THE SNOW (Wien, Minoritenkloster, Kirche Maria Schnee, Minoritenplatz):
01. Duchess BLANCHE OF FRANCE (+1305), consort of Duke Rudolph III.
The tomb has not been preserved.
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF ARAGON (+1330), consort of Duke Frederick III the Handsome.
The tomb has not been preserved.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE SALESIAN CONVENT
(Wien, Salesianerinnenkloster der Heimsuchung Maria, Rennweg):
Archduchess WILHELMINA AMALIA OF BRUNSWICK-LUNEBURG (+1742), consort of Archduke Joseph I.
Her heart was buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE SCOTTISH CHURCH
(Wien, Schottenkirche, Freyung):
01. Duke HENRY II (+1177)
02. Duchess THEODORA OF BYZANTIUM (+1184), consort of Duke Henry II
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN ST STEPHEN’S CATHEDRAL
(Wien, Stephansdom-Herzogsgruft, Stephansplatz):
01. Duke FREDERICK III THE FAIR (+1330).
His heart was buried in the Ascension Church in Linz.
02. Duke RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (+1365)
03. Duchess CATHERINE OF BOHEMIA (+1386/95), consort of Duke Rudolph IV the Founder
04. Duke ALBERT III (+1395)
05. Duchess BEATRICE OF NUREMBERG (+1414), consort of Duke Albert III.
The tomb has not been preserved.
06. Duke ALBERT IV (+1404)
07. Duchess JOANNA SOPHIA OF BAVARIA (+1410), consort of Duke Albert IV
08. Duke WILLIAM (+1406)
09. Duke LEOPOLD IV (+1411)
10. Archduke ALBERT VI (+1463)
11. Archduke FREDERICK V (+1493).
His heart and viscera were buried in the Ascension Church in Linz.
12. Archduchess ELEANOR OF MANTUA (+1655), consort of Archduke Ferdinand III.
Her heart was buried in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz.
WIENER NEUSTADT (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN ST GEORGE’S CHAPEL
(Wiener Neustadt, Georgskapelle, Burgplatz):
Archduke MAXIMILIAN I (+1519).
His cenotaph is to be found in the Court Church in Innsbruck. His heart was buried inside the tomb of his first consort Duchess Mary of Burgundy in the Church of Our Lady in Bruges (Belgium).
WIENER NEUSTADT (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE NEUKLOSTERKIRCHE
(Wiener Neustadt, Neuklosterkirche, Neuklostergasse):
Archduchess ELEANOR OF PORTUGAL (+1467), consort of Archduke Frederick V
LIST OF AUSTRIAN SOVEREIGNS 1141-1918
MARGRAVIATE OF AUSTRIA (Ostmark) until 1156:
HOUSE OF BABENBERG (Babenberger)
1141-1156: HENRY II
(Heinrich II. Jasomirgott; Duke of Austria from 1156)
DUCHY OF AUSTRIA 1156-1453:
HOUSE OF BABENBERG (Babenberger)
1156-1177: HENRY II (Heinrich II. Jasomirgott)
Born in 1112.
Father: Margrave Leopold III of Austria. Mother: Margravine Agnes.
Married firstly GERTRUDE of Süpplingenburg (*1115,+1143).
Married secondly in 1148 Princess THEODORA of Byzantium (+1184).
His issue who reigned:
-LEOPOLD V (*1157,+1194; son of Theodora),
-Agnes (*c. 1154,+1182; Queen of Hungary; daughter of Theodora).
Died in c. 1177.
Buried with his second consort Duchess Theodora of Byzantium at the Scottish Church in Vienna.
His first consort Margravine Gertrude was buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
1177-1194: LEOPOLD V
Born in 1157.
Father: Duke Henry II of Austria. Mother: Duchess Theodora of Byzantium.
Married in c. 1174 Princess HELEN (Ilona) of Hungary (*c. 1158,+1199; burial place unknown).
His issue who reigned:
-FREDERICK I (*c. 1175,+1198),
-LEOPOLD VI (*1176/77,+1230).
Died in 1194 in Graz.
Buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
1195-1198: FREDERICK I THE CATHOLIC
(Friedrich I. der Katolische)
Born in c. 1175.
Father: Duke Leopold V of Austria. Mother: Duchess Helen (Ilona) of Hungary.
Unmarried.
Died in 1198 in the Holy Land.
Buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
1198-1230: LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS
(Leopold VI. der Glorreiche)
Born in 1176/77.
Father: Duke Leopold V of Austria. Mother: Duchess Helen of Hungary.
Married in 1203 Princess THEODORA of Byzantium (+1246 Kahlenberg).
His issue who reigned:
-FREDERICK II (*1210,+1246),
-Margaret (+1266; Queen of Bohemia).
Died in 1230 at San Germano, Apulia.
Buried in Lilienfeld Abbey.
His consort Duchess Theodora was buried in Klosterneuburg Abbey (no tomb).
1230-1246: FREDERICK II THE VALIANT
(Friedrich II. der Streitbare)
Born in 1211 in Wiener Neustadt.
Father: Duke Leopold VI of Austria. Mother: Duchess Theodora of Byzantium.
Married firstly Princess Sophia of Byzantium. Repudiated in 1229.
Married secondly in 1229 AGNES of Merania (+1263). Repudiated in 1243.
Died in 1246 in the Battle of the Leitha.
Buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey. His consort Duchess Agnes of Merania was buried in the Cistercian Convent at StiÄna, now Slovenia (no tomb).
1246-1251: INTERREGNUM
HOUSE OF PÅEMYSLID (PÅemysliden)
1251-1278: OTTOKAR (King of Bohemia as PÅemysl Otakar II)
Born in 1230.
Father: King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia. Mother: Queen Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen.
Married firstly in 1252 Princess MARGARET of Babenberg (+1266). Repudiated in 1260.
Married secondly in 1261 Princess KUNIGUNDA of Halicz (*1245,+1285).
His issue who reigned:
-Wenceslaus II (*1271,+1305; King of Bohemia and Poland; son of Kunigunda).
Died in 1278 in the Battle of Dürnkrut near Vienna.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His first consort Duchess Margaret was buried in the Cistercian Abbey at Lilienfeld, Austria.
His second consort Duchess Kunigunda was buried in the Convent of St Agnes in Prague (no tomb).
HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger)
1278-1282: RUDOLPH I (Rudolf I.; German King)
Born in 1218 at Limburg/Breisgau.
Father: Count Albert IV of Habsburg. Mother: Countess Hedvig of Kyburg.
Married firstly in 1253 in Alsace Countess GERTRUDE ANNE of Hohenberg (*1225 Swabia,+1281 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1284 at Besançon Duchess AGNES of Burgundy (*1270 Dijon,+1323 Chambly).
His issue who reigned:
-ALBERT I *1255,+1308; son of Gertrude Anna),
-Clementia (*c. 1262,+1293; Queen of Naples; daughter of Gertrude Anna),
-RUDOLPH II (*c. 1270,+1290; son of Gertrude Anna),
-Judith (*1271,+1297; Queen of Bohemia; daughter of Gertrude Anna).
Abdicated in 1282 in favour of his son Albert I.
Died in 1291 in Speyer.
Buried in Speyer Cathedral.
His first consort Duchess Gertrude Anne was firstly buried in the Cathedral of Basel/Switzerland, later reburied in the Benedictine Monastery at St Paul im Lavanttal.
His second consort Duchess Agnes was buried in the Augustinian Convent in Paris (demolished).
1282-1308: ALBERT I (Albrecht I.; German king. Ruled jointly with Rudolph II and Rudolph III)
Born in c. 1255 at Rheinfelden.
Father: Duke Rudolph I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg.
Married in c. 1276 in Vienna Princess ELIZABETH of Carinthia (*c. 1262 Munich,+1313 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Agnes (*1281,+1364; Queen of Hungary),
-RUDOLPH III (*c. 1282,+1307),
-FREDERICK THE HANDSOME (*c. 1289,+1330),
-LEOPOLD I (*1290,+1326),
-ALBERT II THE LAME (*1298,+1358),
-OTTO (*1301,+1339).
Died in 1308 at Königsfelden near Brugg (murdered).
Buried in Speyer Cathedral.
His consort Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia was buried in the Benedictine Abbey at St Paul im Lavanttal.
1282-1290: RUDOLPH II (Rudolf II. Ruled jointly with Albert I)
Born in c. 1270 at Rheinfelden.
Father: Duke Rudolph I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg.
Married in 1289 in Prague Princess AGNES of Bohemia (*1269 Prague,+1296 Prague).
Died in 1290 in Prague.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His consort Duchess Agnes of Bohemia was buried in the Church of St Francis/St Agnes in Prague (no tomb).
1298-1307: RUDOLPH III
(Rudolf III.; King of Bohemia. Ruled jointly with Albert I)
Born in c. 1282 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married firstly in 1300 in Vienna Princess BLANCHE of France (*1278 Paris,+1305 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1306 in Prague ELIZABETH of Poland, Dowager Queen of Bohemia (*c. 1286 PoznaÅ,+1335 Brno).
Died in 1307 in HoražÄovice, Bohemia.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His first consort Duchess Blanche was buried in the Minorites Convent in Vienna (no tomb).
His second consort Queen and Duchess Elizabeth of Poland was buried at the Cistercian Convent in Brno, Moravia.
1308-1330: FREDERICK III THE FAIR
(Friedrich III. der Schöne; German king. Ruled with Leopold I)
Born in c. 1289 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married in 1314 at Castle Gutenstein Princess ELIZABETH of Aragon (*c. 1296 Montpellier,+1330 Vienna).
Died in 1330 at Gutenstein, Lower Austria.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Duchess Elizabeth of Aragon was buried in the Minorites Church in Vienna (no tomb).
1308-1326: LEOPOLD I (Ruled jointly with Frederick III the Fair)
Born in 1290 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married in 1315 in Vienna Princess CATHERINE ELIZABETH of Savoy (*c. 1298 Brabant,+1336 Rheinfelden).
Died in 1326 in Strasbourg.
Buried with his consort Duchess Catherine Elizabeth of Savoy in the Benedictine Abbey at St Paul im Lavanttal.
1330-1358: ALBERT II THE LAME (Albrecht II. der Lahme. Ruled jointly with Otto the Merry and Leopold II)
Born in 1298 at Habsburg.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married in 1324 in Vienna Countess JOANNA of Pfirt (*c. 1200 Basel,+1351 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (*1339,+1365),
-ALBERT III (*1348,+1395),
-LEOPOLD III (*1351,+1386).
Died in 1358 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Duchess Joanna of Pfirt in the Carthusian Convent at Gaming.
1330-1339: OTTO THE MERRY
(Otto der Fröhlihe. Ruled jointly with Albert II)
Born in 1301 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married firstly in 1325 in Vienna ELIZABETH of Lower Bavaria (*c. 1306 Nuremberg,+1330 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1335 in Prague Princess ANNE of Bohemia (*1319 Prague,+1338 Neuberg/Mürz).
His issue who reigned:
-LEOPOLD II (*1328,+1344; son of Elizabeth).
Died in 1339 at Neuberg/Mürz.
Buried with his both consorts in the Monastery Church at Neuberg/Mürz.
1339-1344: LEOPOLD II (Ruled jointly with Albert II)
Born in 1328.
Father: Duke Otto the Merry of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth Lower Bavaria.
Unmarried.
Died in 1344.
Buried in the Monastery Church at Neuberg/Mürz.
1358-1365: RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (Rudolf IV. der Stifter)
Born in 1339 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert II the Lame of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna of Pfirt.
Married in 1353 (or 1357) in Vienna Princess CATHERINE of Bohemia (*1342 Prague,+1386/95 Vienna).
Died in 1365 in Milan.
Buried with his consort Duchess Catherine of Bohemia in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
1365-1395: ALBERT III (Albrecht III. Ruled with Leopold III)
Born in 1348 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert II the Lame of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna of Pfirt.
Married firstly in 1366 in Vienna Princess ELIZABETH of Bohemia (*1358 Prague,+1373 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1375 in Vienna BEATRICE of Nuremberg (*c. 1355 Nuremberg,+1414 Vienna).
Issue of his first marriage: none.
His issue who reigned: ALBERT IV (*1377,+1404; son of Beatrice).
Died in 1395 at Laxenburg near Vienna.
Buried with his second consort Duchess Beatrice in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (her tomb was lost).
His first consort Duchess Elizabeth of Bohemia was buried in the Carthusian Convent at Gaming.
1365-1386: LEOPOLD III (Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola. Ruled Lower Austria jointly with Albert III)
Born in 1351 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert II the Lame of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna of Pfirt.
Married in 1365 in Milan Princess VIRIDIS Visconti of Milan (*c. 1350 Milan,+1407/14).
His issue who reigned:
-WILLIAM (*1370,+1406; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola),
-LEOPOLD IV (*1371,+1411; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola),
-ERNEST THE IRONSIDE (*1377,+1424; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola),
-FREDERICK IV (*1382,+1439; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola).
Died in 1386 in the battle near Sempach.
Buried in the Benedictine Monastery at St Paul im Lavanttal.
His consort Duchess Viridis was buried in the Cistercian Convent at StiÄna, now Slovenia (no tomb).
1379: AUSTRIA DIVIDED INTO LOWER AUSTRIA AND INNER AUSTRIA (STYRIA, CARINTHIA AND CARNIOLA)
DUKES OF INNER AUSTRIA
1386-1406: WILLIAM (Wilhelm. Ruled jointly with Leopold IV)
Born in 1370 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married in 1401 in Vienna Princess JOAN of Naples (*1373,+1435 Naples; later Queen Joan II of Naples).
Died in 1406 in Vienna.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Duchess Joan of Naples was buried in the Church of Annunziata in Naples.
1386-1411: LEOPOLD IV (Ruled jointly with William)
Born in 1371.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married in 1393 in Vienna CATHERINE of Burgundy (*1378 Montbard,+1425 Grey-sur-Saône).
Died in 1411 in Vienna.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Duchess Catherine was buried firstly in Champmol Abbey, later reburied in the Ducal Palace in Dijon.
1406-1424: ERNEST THE IRONSIDE (Ernst der Eiserne. Ruled jointly with Frederick IV)
Born in 1377 in Bruck/Mur.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married firstly in 1392 in Bruck/Mur Princess MARGARET of Pomerania (*1366 Demmin,+1410 Bruck/Mur).
Married secondly in 1412 in Kraków Princess CYMBARKA (Cimburgis) of Mazovia (*1394 Warsaw,+1429 Türnitz).
His issue who reigned:
-FREDERICK V (*1415,+1493),
-ALBERT VI (*1418,+1463).
Died in 1424 in Bruck/Mur.
Buried with his first consort Duchess Margaret of Pomerania in Rein Abbey.
His second consort Duchess Cimburgis of Mazovia was buried in Lilienfeld Abbey (no tomb).
1402-1439: FREDERICK IV (Friedrich IV. Ruled with Ernest)
Born in 1382 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married firstly in 1407 in Innsbruck ELIZABETH of the Palatinate (*c. 1381,+1408).
Married secondly in 1411 in Innsbruck ANNE of Brunswick (*1390,+1432 Innsbruck).
Died in 1439 in Innsbruck.
Buried with his both consorts in Stams Abbey.
DUKES OF LOWER AUSTRIA
1395-1404: ALBERT IV (Albrecht IV.)
Born in 1377 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert III of Austria. Mother: Duchess Beatrice of Nuremberg.
Married in 1390 in Vienna Princess JOANNA SOPHIA of Bavaria (*c. 1373 Munich,+1410 Vienna).
His issue who reigned: ALBERT V (*1397,+1439).
Died in 1404 at Klosterneuburg near Vienna.
Buried with his consort Duchess Joanna Sophia of Bavaria in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (her tomb was lost).
1404-1439: ALBERT V
(Albrecht V.; German king, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1397 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert IV of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna Sophia of Bavaria.
Married in 1421 in Prague Princess ELIZABETH of Bohemia and Hungary (*c. 1409 Prague,+1442 Györ, Hungary).
His issue who reigned:
-Elizabeth (*1436,+1505; Queen of Poland),
-LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS (*1440,+1457).
Died in 1439 at Neszmély near Esztergom, Hungary.
Buried with his consort Duchess Elizabeth of Bohemia and Hungary in the Coronation Basilica at Székesfehérvár, Hungary (demolished).
1440-1453: LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS
(Ladislaus Posthumus; King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary; Archduke of Austria from 1453)
LOWER AND INNER AUSTRIA UNITED IN 1493
ARCHDUCHY OF AUSTRIA 1453-1804:
HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger)
1453-1457: LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS (Ladislaus Posthumus; King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1440 at Komárom, Hungary.
Father: Duke Albert V of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Bohemia and Hungary.
Unmarried.
Died in 1457 in Prague.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
1435/57-1493: FREDERICK V (Friedrich V.; Roman Emperor and German king as Frederick III. Ruled jointly with Albert VI)
Born in 1415 at Innsbruck.
Father: Duke Ernest of Austria and Styria. Mother: Duchess Cimburgis (Cymbarka) of Mazovia.
Married in 1452 in Rome Princess ELEANOR of Portugal (*1436 Torres Vedras,+1467 Wiener Neustadt).
His issue who reigned:
-MAXIMILIAN I (*1459,+1519).
Died in 1493 at Linz.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Archduchess Eleanor of Portugal was buried in the Parish Church Neuklosterkirche at Wiener Neustadt.
1457-1463: ALBERT VI (Albrecht VI. Ruled with Frederick V)
Born in 1418 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Ernest the Ironside of Styria and Carinthia. Mother: Duchess Cimburgis (Cymbarka) of Mazovia.
Married in 1452 in Vienna Princess MECHTILDE of the Palatinate (*1419 Amberg,+1482 Tübingen).
Died in 1463 in Vienna.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Archduchess Mechtilde was buried in St George's Church at Tübingen.
1493-1519: MAXIMILIAN I (Roman Emperor, German king)
Born in 1459 at Wiener Neustadt.
Father: Archduke Frederick V of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Eleanor of Portugal.
Married firstly in 1477 at Ghent Duchess Mary of Burgundy (*1457 Brussels,+1482 Bruges).
Married secondly in 1494 at Hall, Tyrol Princess BIANCA MARIA Sforza of Milan (*1472 Milan,+1510 Innsbruck).
His issue who reigned:
-Philip I the Fair (*1478,+1506; King of Castile; son of Mary),
-Margaret (*1480,+1530; Duchess of Savoy; daughter of Mary).
Died in 1519 at Wels.
Buried in St George's Chapel at Wiener Neustadt.
His first consort Mary of Burgundy was buried in Our Lady's Church in Bruges, now Belgium.
His second consort Bianca Maria Sforza of Milan was buried in Cistercian Abbey at Stams, Tyrol.
1519-1522: CHARLES I (Karl I.; Roman Emperor and German king as Charles V, King of Spain, Naples and Sicily)
Born in 1500 at Gent.
Father: King Philip I the Fair of Castile. Mother: Queen Joan the Mad of Castile.
Married in 1526 in Seville Princess Isabella of Portugal (*1503 Lisbon,+1539 Toledo).
His issue who reigned:
-Philip II (*1527,+1598; King of Spain and Portugal),
-Maria (*1528,+1603; German Empress and Queen of Bohemia and Hungary).
Abdicated in 1522.
Died in 1558 at San Jerónimo de Yuste, Spain.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Isabella of Portugal in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial.
1522-1564: FERDINAND I (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1503 at Alcala de Henares, Spain.
Father: King Philip I the Fair of Castile. Mother: Queen Joan the Mad of Castile.
Married in 1521 at Linz Princess ANNE Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary (*1503 Buda,+1547 Prague).
His issue who reigned:
-Elizabeth (*1526,+1545; Queen of Poland),
-MAXIMILIAN II (*1527,+1576),
-Anne (*1528,+1590; Electress of Bavaria),
-Catherine (*1533,+1572; Queen of Poland),
-CHARLES II (*1540,+1590).
Died in 1564 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Anna Jagiellonian in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
1564-1590: CHARLES II (Karl II. Archduke of Inner Austria: Styria, Carinthia and Carniola)
Born in 1540 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Anna Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary.
Married in 1571 in Vienna Princess MARIA ANNE of Bavaria (*1551 Munich,+1608 Graz).
His issue who reigned:
-FERDINAND II (*1578,+1637),
-Anna (*1573,+1598; Queen of Poland and Sweden),
-Maria Christina (*1574,+1621; Princess of Transylvania),
-Margaret (*1584,+1611; Queen of Spain),
-Constance (*1588,+1631; Queen of Poland),
-Maria Magdalena (*1589,+1631; Grand Duchess of Tuscany).
Died in 1590 in Graz.
Buried in the Benedictine Abbey at Seckau.
His consort Maria Anna of Bavaria was buried in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz.
1564-1576: MAXIMILIAN II (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1527 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Anna Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary.
Married in 1548 at Valladolid, Spain Princess MARY of Spain (*1528 Madrid,+1603 Villa Monte, Spain).
His issue who reigned:
-Anna (*1549,+1580; Queen of Spain),
-RUDOLPH V (*1552,+1612);
-Elizabeth (*1554,+1592; Queen of France),
-MATTHEW (*1557,+1619).
Died in 1576 in Regensburg.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His consort Archduchess Mary of Spain was buried in the Church of St Clara (Discalced Franciscans) in Madrid.
1576-1608: RUDOLPH V (Rudolf V; Roman Emperor and German king as Rudolph II, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1552 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Maximilian II of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Mary of Spain.
Unmarried.
Deposed in 1608.
Died in 1612 in Prague.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
1608-1619: MATTHEW (Matthias; Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1557 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Maximilian II of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Mary of Spain.
Married in 1611 in Vienna Archduchess ANNE of Tyrol (*1585 Innsbruck,+1618 Vienna).
Died in 1619 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Anna of Tyrol in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1619-1637: FERDINAND III (Roman Emperor and German king as Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1578 in Graz.
Father: Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria of Bavaria.
Married firstly in 1600 in Graz Dowager Archduchess of Austria Maria Anna of Bavaria (*1574 Munich,+1616 Graz).
Married secondly in 1622 in Innsbruck Princess ELEANOR Gonzaga of Mantua (*1598 Mantua,+1655 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-FERDINAND IV (*1608,+1657; son of Maria Anna),
-Maria Anna (*1610,+1665; Electress of Bavaria; daughter of Maria Anna),
-Cecilia Renata (*1611,+1644; Queen of Poland; daughter of Maria Anna).
Died in 1637 in Vienna.
Buried in the Imperial Mausoleum at Graz with his first consort Maria Anna of Bavaria.
His second consort Archduchess Eleanor of Mantua was buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
1637-1657: FERDINAND IV (Roman Emperor and German king as Ferdinand III, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1608 in Graz.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand III of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria Anna of Bavaria.
Married firstly in 1631 in Vienna Princess MARIA ANNE of Spain (*1608 Escorial,+1646 Linz).
Married secondly in 1648 in Linz Archduchess MARIA LEOPOLDINA of Tyrol (*1632 Innsbruck,+1649 Vienna).
Married thirdly in 1651 in Vienna Princess ELEANOR Gonzaga of Mantua (*1630 Mantua,+1686 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Ferdinand IV (*1633,+1654; Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary; son of Maria Anna),
-Maria Anna (*1635,+1696; Queen of Spain; daughter of Maria Anna),
-LEOPOLD VI (*1640,+1705; son of Maria Anna),
-Eleanor (*1653,+1697; Queen of Poland; daughter of Eleanor).
Died in 1657 in Vienna.
Buried with his three consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1657-1705: LEOPOLD VI
(Roman Emperor and German king as Leopold I, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1640 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand III of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria Anna of Spain.
Married firstly in 1666 in Vienna Princess MARGARET THERESA of Spain (*1651 Madrid,+1673 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1673 in Vienna Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY of Tyrol (*1653 Innsbruck,+1676 Vienna).
Married thirdly in 1676 in Vienna Princess ELEANOR MAGDALEN of Palatinate-Neuburg (*1655 Düsseldorf,+1720 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Maria Antonia (*1669,+1692; Electress of Bavaria; daughter of Margaret Theresa),
-JOSEPH I (*1678,+1711; son of Eleanor Magdalen),
-Maria Anna (*1683,+1754; Queen of Portugal; daughter of Eleanor Magdalen),
-CHARLES III (*1685,+1740; son of Eleanor Magdalen).
Died in 1705 in Vienna.
Buried with his first and third consort in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
His second consort Archduchess Claudia Felicity was buried in the Dominican Church in Vienna.
1705-1711: JOSEPH I (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Hungary, Naples and Sicily)
Born in 1678 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Leopold VI of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg.
Married in 1699 in Vienna Princess WILHELMINA AMALIA of Brunswick-Lüneburg (*1673 Lüneburg,+1742 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Maria Josepha (*1699,+1757; Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony),
-Maria Amalia (*1701,+1756; Electress of Bavaria).
Died in 1711 in Vienna.
Buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
His consort Archduchess Wilhelmina Amalia was buried in the Convent of Salesian Nuns in Vienna.
1711-1740: CHARLES III (Karl III.; Roman Emperor and German king as Charles VI, King of Bohemia, Croatia, Hungary, Naples and Sicily, Duke of Parma)
Born in 1685 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Leopold VI of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg.
Married in 1708 in Barcelona Princess ELIZABETH CHRISTINA of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (*1691 Wolfenbüttel,+1750 Vienna).
His issue who reigned: MARIA THERESA (*1717,+1780).
Died in 1740 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Elizabeth Christina in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1740-1780: MARIA THERESA (Maria Theresia; Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, Duchess of Parma)
Born in 1717 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Charles III of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
Married in 1736 in Vienna Duke FRANCIS STEPHEN of Lorraine, later Emperor Francis I Stephen (*1708 Luneville,+1765 Innsbruck).
Her issue who reigned:
-JOSEPH II (*1741,+1790),
-Marie Amalie (*1746,+1804; Duchess of Parma),
-LEOPOLD VII (*1747,+1792),
-Marie Caroline (*1752,+1814; Queen of the Two Sicilies),
-Ferdinand (*1754,+1806; Duke of Massa-Carrara),
-Marie Antoinette (*1755,+1793; Queen of France).
Died in 1780 in Vienna.
Buried with her consort Emperor Francis I Stephen in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
HOUSE OF HABSBURG-LORRAINE (Habsburg-Lothringer)
1764/80-1790: JOSEPH II (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Galicia and Hungary)
Born in 1741 in Schönbrunn.
Father: Emperor Francis I Stephen. Mother: Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.
Married firstly in 1760 in Vienna Princess Isabella of Bourbon-Parma (*1741 Madrid,+1763 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1765 in Vienna Princess MARIA JOSEPHA of Bavaria (*1739 Munich,+1767 Vienna).
Died in 1790 in Vienna.
Buried with his both consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1790-1792: LEOPOLD VII (Roman Emperor and German king as Leopold II, King of Bohemia and Hungary, Grand Duke of Tuscany)
Born in 1747 in Schönbrunn.
Father: Emperor Francis I Stephen. Mother: Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.
Married in 1765 in Innsbruck Princess MARIA LOUISA of Spain and Sicily (*1745 Portici near Naples,+1792 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Maria Theresa (*1767,+1827; Queen of Saxony),
-FRANCIS II/I (1768,+1835),
-Ferdinand III (1769,+1824; Grand Duke of Tuscany).
Died in 1792 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Maria Louisa in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1792-1804: FRANCIS I (Franz I.; from 1804 Emperor of Austria; Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Galicia and Hungary)
Born in 1768 in Florence.
Father: Archduke Leopold VII. Mother: Archduchess Maria Louisa of Spain.
Married firstly in 1788 in Vienna Duchess Elizabeth of Württemberg (*1767 Treptow,+1790 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1790 in Vienna Princess MARIA THERESA of Naples-Sicily (*1772 Naples,+1807 Vienna).
Married thirdly in 1808 in Vienna Archduchess MARIA LODOVICA of Modena (*1787 Monza,+1816 Verona).
Married fourthly in 1816 in Vienna Princess CAROLINE AUGUSTA of Bavaria (*1792 Mannheim,+1873 Vienna).
He was never crowned in Austria.
His issue who reigned:
-Marie Louise (*1791,+1847; Empress of the French; daughter of Maria Theresa),
-FERDINAND I (*1793,+1875; son of Maria Theresa),
-Maria Leopoldina (*1797,+1826; Queen of Portugal, Empress of Brazil; daughter of Maria Theresa).
Died in 1835 in Vienna.
Buried with all his consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
AUSTRIAN EMPIRE 1804-1918:
HOUSE OF HABSBURG-LORRAINE
1804-1835: FRANCIS I
(Franz I.; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Hungary and Lombardo-Venetia)
1835-1848: FERDINAND I THE GOOD (Ferdinand I. der Gute; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Galicia, Hungary and Lombardo-Venetia)
Born in 1793 in Vienna.
Father: Emperor Francis I of Austria. Mother: Empress Maria Theresa of Naples-Sicily.
Married in 1831 in Vienna Princess MARIA ANNA of Sardinia (*1803 Rome,+1884 Prague).
He was never crowned in Austria.
Abdicated in 1848.
Died in 1875 in Prague.
Buried with his consort Empress Maria Anna of Sardinia in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1848-1916: FRANCIS JOSEPH I (Franz Joseph I.; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Galicia, Hungary and Lombardo-Venetia)
Born in 1848 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Francis of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Sophia of Bavaria.
Married in 1854 in Vienna Duchess ELIZABETH of Bavaria (*1837 Munich,+1898 Geneva).
He was never crowned in Austria.
Died in 1916 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Empress Elizabeth of Bavaria in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1916-1918: CHARLES I
(Karl I.; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Galicia and Hungary)
Born in 1887 in Persenbeug.
Father: Archduke Otto of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria of Saxony.
Married in 1911 in Schwarzau am Steinfelde Princess ZITA of Bourbon-Parma (*1892 Villa Pianore,+1989 Zizers, Switzerland).
He was never crowned in Austria.
His issue who reigned:
Otto (*1912,+2011; nominal King of Hungary).
Deposed in 1918 and exiled in Switzerland (1919-21) and on Madeira (1921-22).
Died in 1922 in Monte, Madeira.
Buried in the Church of Our Lady of Monte, Madeira.
His consort Empress Zita was buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA FROM 1918
TOMBS OF AUSTRIAN SOVEREIGNS
01. The tomb of Duke HENRY II and his consort Duchess THEODORA OF BYZANTIUM in the Scottish Church in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Margravine GERTRUDE OF SÃPPLINGENBURG, consort of HENRY II, in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD V in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria)
The tomb of Duke FREDERICK I THE CATHOLIC in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria)
01. The cenotaph to Duke LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS in Lilienfeld Abbey (Austria).
02. The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS in Lilienfeld Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Duke FREDERICK II THE VALIANT in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria)
01. The tomb of Duke OTTOKAR in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
02. The tomb of Duchess MARGARET OF BABENBERG, consort of Duke Ottokar, in Lilienfeld Abbey (Austria).
01. The tomb of Duke RUDOLPH I in the Cathedral of Speyer (Germany).
02. The cenotaph to Duke RUDOLPH I in the Cathedral of Speyer (Germany).
03. The cenotaph to Duchess GERTRUDE ANNE, consort of Duke Rudolph I, in the Cathedral of Basel (Switzerland).
04. The tomb of Duchess GERTRUDE ANNE, consort of Duke Rudolph I, in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria).
01. The tomb of Duke ALBERT I in the Cathedral of Speyer (Germany).
02. The tomb of Duchess ELIZABETH OF CARINTHIA, consort of Duke Albert I, in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria).
01. The tomb of Duke RUDOLPH III in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
02. The tomb of Queen and Duchess ELIZABETH OF POLAND, consort of Duke Rudolph III, in the Cistercian Convent in Brno (Czech Republic).
The tomb of Duke FREDERICK III THE FAIR in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
01. The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD I and his consort Duchess CATHERINE ELIZABETH OF SAVOY in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria).
02. The tomb of Duke ALBERT II THE LAME and his consort Duchess JOANNA OF PFIRT in Gaming Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Duke OTTO THE MERRY, his consorts Duchesses ELIZABETH OF LOWER BAVARIA and ANNE OF BOHEMIA, and Duke LEOPOLD II in Neuberg Abbey (Austria)
Tombs of Duke RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (right) and his consort Duchess CATHERINE OF BOHEMIA in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
The tomb of Duke ALBERT III (left) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD III in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria)
01. The tomb of Duke WILLIAM in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
02. The tomb of Duchess JOAN OF NAPLES, consort of Duke William, in the Church of Annunziata in Naples (Italy).
Photo nr 01 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD IV (left) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Duke ERNEST THE IRONSIDE and his consort Duchess MARGARET OF POMERANIA in Rein Abbey (Austria)
Tombs in Stams Abbey (Austria):
01. Duke FREDERICK IV.
02. The statues of Duke FREDERICK IV and his consort Duchess ANNE OF BRUNSWICK (left) in the Sigismund Vault where they are interred.
The tomb of Duke ALBERT IV (right) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria).
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
01. The tomb of Archduke FREDERICK V in St Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna.
02. The tomb of Archduchess ELEANOR OF PORTUGAL, consort of Archduke Frederick V, in the Parish Church Neuklosterkirche in Wiener Neustadt (Austria).
01. The tomb of ALBERT VI (right) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MECHTILDE OF THE PALATINATE, consort of Archduke Albert VI, in St George’s Church in Tübingen (Germany).
Photo nr 01 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
01. The tomb of Archduke MAXIMILIAN I in St George’s Chapel in Wiener Neustadt (Austria).
02. The cenotaph to Archduke MAXIMILIAN I in the Court Church in Innsbruck (Austria).
03. The statue of Archduchess BIANCA MARIA SFORZA (centre), consort of Archduke Maximilian I, in the place of her burial at the Sigismund Vault, Stams Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Archduke CHARLES I in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Spain)
The tomb of Archduke FERDINAND I and his consort Archduchess ANNE JAGIELLONIAN in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic)
01. The tomb of Archduke CHARLES II in Seckau Abbey (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MARIA ANNE OF BAVARIA, consort of Archduke Charles II, in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz (Austria).
01. The tomb of Archduke MAXIMILIAN II in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MARY OF SPAIN, consort of Archduke Maximilian II, in the Church of St Clara in Madrid (Spain).
03. The tomb of Archduke RUDOLPH V in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
Tombs of Archduke MATTHEW and his consort Archduchess ANNE OF TYROL in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
01. The tomb of Archduke FERDINAND III in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess ELEANOR OF MANTUA, consort of Archduke Ferdinand III, in St Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna (Austria).
Photo nr 02 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Archduke FERDINAND IV.
02. Archduchesses MARIA LEOPOLDINA OF TYROL (left) and MARIA ANNE OF SPAIN, consorts of Archduke Ferdinand IV.
03. Archduchess ELEANOR OF MANTUA, consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV.
01. The tomb of Archduke LEOPOLD VI in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MARGARET THERESA OF SPAIN, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
03. The tomb of Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY OF TYROL, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Dominican Church in Vienna (Austria).
04. The tombstone of Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY OF TYROL, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Dominican Church in Vienna (Austria).
05. The tomb of Archduchess ELEANOR MAGDALEN OF NEUBURG, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
01. The tomb of Archduke JOSEPH I in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess WILHELMINA AMALIA OF BRUNSWICK-LÃNEBURG, consort of Archduke Joseph I, in the Convent of Salesian Nuns in Vienna (Austria).
03. The tomb of Archduke CHARLES III in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
04. The tomb of Archduchess ELIZABETH CHRISTINA OF BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBÃTTEL, consort of Archduke Charles III, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
Photo nr 02 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Archduchess MARIA THERESA and her consort Emperor FRANCIS I STEPHEN in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Archduke JOSEPH II.
02. Archduchess MARIA JOSEPHA OF BAVARIA, consort of Archduke Joseph II.
Tombs of Archduke LEOPOLD VII (left) and his consort Archduchess MARIA LOUISA OF SPAIN AND SICILY in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Emperor FRANCIS I.
02. Empress MARIA THERESA OF NAPLES-SICILY, consort of Emperor Francis I.
03. Empress MARIA LODOVICA OF MODENA, consort of Emperor Francis I.
04. Empress CAROLINE AUGUSTA OF BAVARIA, consort of Emperor Francis I.
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Emperor FERDINAND I THE GOOD.
02. Empress MARIA ANNA OF SARDINIA, consort of Emperor Ferdinand I the Good.
Tombs of Emperor FRANCIS JOSEPH I (right) and his Empress ELIZABETH OF BAVARIA (left) in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
01. The tomb of Emperor CHARLES I in the Church of Our Lady of Monte, Madeira (Portugal).
02. The tomb of Empress ZITA OF BOURBON-PARMA, consort of Emperor Charles I, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
|
|||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 5
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-I-king-of-Germany
|
en
|
Rudolf I | Holy Roman Emperor & German King
|
[
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/20/25820-004-2A0836C2/Rudolf-I-tomb-sculpture-Speyer-cathedral-Ger.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/95/115195-131-5A6187D9/Napoleon-His-Imperial-Robes-Francois-Gerard-Versailles-1805.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/24/243624-131-B9802941/King-Charles-III-Queen-Camilla-wave-balcony-Buckingham-Palace-Coronation-May-6-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/47/222347-131-1F6BBBCE/wedding-Victoria-I-Queen-of-England-Prince-Albert.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/53/218653-131-FFE69F0A/King-George-V-Britain-circa-1910.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/14/196914-131-061D0CB0/Patagotitan-mayorum-titanosaurs.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/47/190947-131-FCF3F960/Olympic-torch-illustration-sports-summer-games.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/45/209245-131-C6D09B32/gray-squirrel-acorn.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/13/195913-131-E6C2B632/World-map-Oceans-Continents.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/52/196952-131-0665E4EE/Egyptians-hieroglyphics-carvings.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/68/178968-131-ADEF94E7/bog-body-Head-Tollund-Man-Human-remains-1950.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/31/142331-131-EE300AF6/basketball-Orange-background-lighting-Homepage-entertainment-history-2010.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/20/25820-004-2A0836C2/Rudolf-I-tomb-sculpture-Speyer-cathedral-Ger.jpg?w=300",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/95/115195-131-5A6187D9/Napoleon-His-Imperial-Robes-Francois-Gerard-Versailles-1805.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Rudolf I",
"encyclopedia",
"encyclopeadia",
"britannica",
"article"
] | null |
[
"The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica"
] |
1998-07-20T00:00:00+00:00
|
Rudolf I was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV,
|
en
|
/favicon.png
|
Encyclopedia Britannica
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-I-king-of-Germany
|
Rudolf I (born May 1, 1218, Limburg-im-Breisgau [Germany]—died July 15, 1291, Speyer) was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty.
A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV, he increased his territories largely at the expense of his uncle, Count Hartmann of Kyburg, and his cousin, Count Hartmann the Younger, who supported the papal cause against the Hohenstaufens. Rudolf’s first marriage (c. 1245), to Gertrude of Zollern-Hohenberg-Haigerloch, also added considerable property to his domains. In 1254 he assisted the Knights of the Teutonic Order by participating in a crusade in Prussia.
Britannica Quiz
Kings and Emperors (Part III) Quiz
Rudolf ’s election as German king at Frankfurt was hastened by the desire of the electors to exclude an increasingly powerful rival candidate of non-German birth, Otakar II of Bohemia. Crowned at Aachen on Oct. 24, 1273, Rudolf was recognized by Pope Gregory X in September 1274 on the condition that he would renounce all imperial rights in Rome, in the papal territories, and in Italy and to lead a new crusade. In 1275 the pope managed to persuade Alfonso X of Castile (whom some of the German electors had chosen king in April 1257) to abandon his claim to the German crown.
Meanwhile Otakar II of Bohemia had been gaining control of Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola. When in 1274 Otakar refused to appear before an imperial diet to show cause for his actions, Rudolf placed him under the ban of the empire and led an army into Austria, where he defeated Otakar in 1276. In 1278 Otakar, attempting to reconquer the territories he had lost to Rudolf, invaded Austria; he was again defeated and killed at the Battle of Dürnkrut (August 26).
In 1282 Rudolf received permission from the German princes to grant to his sons the territories recovered from Otakar, and in December of that year he granted Austria and Styria to his sons Albert and Rudolf, thus constituting the territorial nucleus of the future Habsburg power.
Rudolf combated the expansionist policy of France on his western frontier by marrying (his first wife having died in 1281) Isabella, daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, and by compelling Otto IV, Count Palatine of Franche-Comté, to pay homage (1289). French influence at the papal court, however, prevented Rudolf from being crowned Holy Roman emperor by the pope.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 10
|
https://history.fandom.com/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Austria
|
en
|
Rudolph I of Austria
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/history/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210816123335
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/history/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210816123335
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/history/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210816123335",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to History Wiki"
] |
2024-07-29T22:27:06+00:00
|
Rudolph I of Austria (1218 - 1291) was the King of Germany from 1271 until 1291, the Duke of Austria from 1278 until 1282, the Duke of Carinthia from 1276 until 1286, Margrave of Carniola from 1276 until 1282, the Count of Habsburg (as Rudolph IV) from 1239 until 1291, and the Count of...
|
en
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/history/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210816123337
|
History Wiki
|
https://history.fandom.com/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Austria
|
Rudolph I of Austria (1218 - 1291) was the King of Germany from 1271 until 1291, the Duke of Austria from 1278 until 1282, the Duke of Carinthia from 1276 until 1286, Margrave of Carniola from 1276 until 1282, the Count of Habsburg (as Rudolph IV) from 1239 until 1291, and the Count of Löwenstein from 1281 until 1282.
Early life[]
He was the son of Count Albert IV the Wise of Habsburg and Hedwig, the daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg. He inherited his family estates in Alsace after his father died in 1239, co-ruling the County of Habsburg with Albert V. He married Gertrude, the daughter of Count Burchard III of Zollern and Hohenberg. Albert made frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II Stupor Mundi and his son Conrad IV. His loyalty to the Emperors was rewarded by large tracts of lands, but was punished by Pope Innocent IV with excommunication.
Rudolph further increased his possessions following the fall of the Hohenstaufens. His wife was an heiress and he inherited through her the County of Kyburg after the death of Count Hartmann VI in 1264. His successful feuds with the Bishops of Strasbourg and Basel further increased his wealth and reputation. He also purchased significant lands from local abbots and lords throughout Alsace and former Swabia. The vast lands and wealth he wielded made Rudolph the most powerful ruler of southwestern Germany.
King of Germany[]
Rudolph was elected the King of Germany in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, although his election was largely due to the influence of his brother-in-law Burgrave Frederick III of Nuremberg and the marriage of two of his daughters to Duke Albert III of Saxe-Ratzeburg and Count Palatine Louis II of Upper Bavaria. This left King Ottokar II of Bohemia alone in opposition. Rudolph gained the support of the Pope by renouncing all of his Imperial rights on Rome, the Papal States and Sicily and by promising to lead a crusade, despite the protests of Ottokar, and he soon convinced King Alphonse the Wise of Castile (who was elected a rival king in 1257) to recognise him also.
Ottokar continued to resist Rudolph. In 1274 the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg ruled that Ottokar must restore the lands which he had seized following the death of the Emperor Frederick II, and must answer to the diet for not recognising Rudolph as king. Ottokar refused to appear, and also refused to restore Styria, Austria, Carinthia and Carniola. He was placed under the Imperial Ban, and in 1276 war was declared against him. Rudolph managed to break Duke Henry I of Lower Bavaria from an alliance with Ottokar, and in November 1276 he compelled Ottokar to cede the four provinces, in exchange for the investment of Bohemia and one of Rudolph's daughters to marry Ottokar's heir Wenceslaus. Ottokar raised questions about the execution of the treaty, however, and after gaining alliance with several Polish and German chiefs, and Duke Henry I resumed war. Rudolph on the other hand allied with King Wladislaus IV of Hungary and gave several privileges to the city of Vienna.
The rival armies met on the banks of the River March at the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen. Ottokar was defeated and killed. Moravia was entrusted to represantives and Wenceslaus, now king of Bohemia, was again betrothed to one of Rudolph's daughters. Rudolph then turned his attention to the four new territories which he had gained from Ottokar. He spent several years establishing his authority, although it was not until 1282 that he managed to overcome the opposition of the German princes in making these provinces hereditary to the House of Habsburg. In 1282 he gave Austria and Styria to his sons Albert I and Rudolph II in Augsburg.
In 1281 he forced the Count Palatine of Burgundy, Philip to cede several lands to him and forced the citizens of Bern to pay him tribute. His wife Gertrude also died that year. In 1284 he married Isabella, the daughter of Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy. In 1286 he gave Carinthia and Carniola to Count Meinhard II of Tyrol. He marched against Otto IV, Philip's successor, in 1289.
Rudolph was not successful in restoring peace to Germany. Despite giving orders for the establishments of land pacts in Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria, and later all of Germany, he had neither the power nor will to enforce them. Although in December 1289 he led a coalition which destroyed the castles of several Robber-Barons in Thuringia. In 1291 he attempted to have the diet recognise his son Albert as his heir to the crown of Germany. The diet refused officially for the reasons that there cannot be two kings at one time, however it is believed that they refused out of fear of the rising power of the Habsburgs. Rudolph died on 15 July 1291 in Speyer and was buried in that cities' Cathedral.
Children[]
With Gertrude of Hohenberg[]
Matilda (1251/3–23 December 1304)
Albert (July 1255 - 1 May 1308)
Katherine (1256 - 4 April 1282)
Agnes (1257 - 11 October 1322)
Hedwig (12.. - 1285/6)
Klementia (1262 - 1293)
Hartmann (1263 - 21 December 1281)
Rudolph (1270 - 10 May 1290)
Jutte (13 March 1271 - 18 June 1297)
With Isabella of Burgundy[]
none
Illegitimate Children[]
Albert of Schenkenberg (? - 1304)
|
||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 12
|
https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/records-search/surnamesdb.php
|
en
|
Records Search
|
[
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/up-to-top-of-page.png?ver=2017-0101",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/headerbg-8.jpg?170108",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ggg-new-header-2017.jpg?170108",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PDF-icon-sm.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PayPal-or-CC.png?v=2",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PDF-icon-sm.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/donate-heart.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/up-to-top-of-page.png?ver=2017-0101",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/icon_DOC_24x24.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/icon_PDF_24x24.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/img/icons/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?v=Lbb749oXqN
| null |
The German Genealogy Group (GGG) Surname List is a compilation of the surnames submitted by members of the GGG. It may be used to contact other members who are interested in the same surnames or geographic regions (directly contacting other members of the GGG is a Members Only feature).
GGG members should log-in to the Members Area to see the contact information.
German Genealogy Group Members:
All members of the German Genealogy Group are invited to submit a form listing of the surnames they are researching to Eileen Swanberg.<== Click HERE (See the submission forms in the Members Area.) You must be a current member to submit surnames to the list.
Log-in to the Members Area to see the submission form and contact information.
In the Members Area, GGG Members may directly contact other members about surnames found in the Surname List database.
Non-GGG Members:
Non-GGG members may search the Surname List database.
If you find a surname in the list that is of interest to you, send a query to: Eileen Swanberg(<== Click HERE) about that surname, along with the Member number(s) from the search results. She will then forward your query to the GGG member who submitted the surname. That GGG member may then contact you to share whatever information he or she may have regarding that family.
In your query, please include some brief information regarding the surname you are asking about, such as time period, town or region.
People are likely to ignore queries that give only a surname.
Non-GGG members please note: We are sorry, but we are NOT able to do any research on anyone's ancestors. Our service consists solely of forwarding your query on to the GGG member whose matching surname is in our Surname List database. It is up to that GGG member to respond if they wish.
Please note that the Surname (e.g. Last Name) is a required entry field. But since exact spellings are not always known, to aid your search we offer three different ways to specify Surnames...
Exact Match ("is exactly") - This is the default surname search method.
Soundex ("sounds like") - This option enables you to specify a surname spelling it out as best you can, and it will return results that "sound" similar to what you spelled out.
Wild Card - With this option you can replace part of the surname with a * to match any number of letters, or _ to match a single letter. So for example, Sch* will return all names starting with Sch. Similarly, Schl_tz might return results such as Schlitz or Schlotz.
Note that Exact Match searches for names containing oe will not also find names with ö, and other similar common substitutions. Either do your search for both spellings, or use a Wild Card search.
For whichever of the above surname search options you would like to use, simply select the appropriate radio button option below the Surname input field on the form.
If you find a surname match, see the "About Database (Surname List)" page to see how to contact that GGG Member.
Only GGG Members can submit a "Data Correction" for their own surnames.
You can search by Surname OR by Germany Area (NOT BOTH)
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 47
|
http://www.royaltombs.dk/austria.html
|
en
|
AUSTRIA
|
[
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_henryk2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_gertruda.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold6.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold6_grob.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_przemysl_otokar2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_malgorzata_babenberg.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_rudolf1_grob.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_rudolf1_habsburg.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_gertruda_bazylea.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_grob_lavanttal.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_albert1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_grob_lavanttal.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_rudolf1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/cz_eliszka.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_grob_lavanttal.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_albrecht2_joanna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_wilhelm.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/grob_joanna2_neapol.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_fryderyk4.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_fryderyk4_anna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_fryderyk5.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_port.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold4_albrecht6.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_mechtylda.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_maxymilian1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_max1_cenotaf.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_bianca_maria_sforza.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karol2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_anna_maria_bawarska.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_max2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_maria_hiszpanska.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/korona_puste.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_ferdynand2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_mantua.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_ferynand4.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_marya_leopoldyna_maria_anna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_gonzaga_mantua.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_leopold1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_malgorzata_teresa.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_klaudia_felicja1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_klaudia_felicja.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_eleonora_magdalena.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_jozef1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_wilhelmina_amalia.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karol3.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_elzbieta_krystyna.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_jozef2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_marya_jozefa_bawarska.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_franciszek1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_mteresa_syc.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_maria_ludwika_modena.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karolina_augusta.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_ferdynand1ces.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_anna_maria_sard.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_karol1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_zyta.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_1flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_2flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_3flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_4flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_5flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_6flaga.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_flaga7.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_1map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_2map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_3map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_4map.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/a_5map.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
favicon.png
| null |
BURIAL PLACES OF AUSTRIAN SOVEREIGNS FROM A TO Z
BRNO (CZECH REPUBLIC)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN CONVENT OF AULAE SANCTAE MARIAE (Brno, klášter cisterciaÄek, Mendlovo námestÃ):
Duchess ELIZABETH RYKSA OF POLAND (+1335), consort of Duke Rudolph III
DIJON (FRANCE)
BURIED IN THE DUCAL PALACE
(Dijon, Palais des Ducs, Salle des gardes, Rue de la Liberté):
Duchess CATHERINE OF BURGUNDY (+1425), consort of Duke Leopold IV of Styria and Carinthia
GAMING (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CARTHUSIAN CONVENT
(Gaming, Kartause, Ãtscherlandstr.):
01. Duke ALBERT II THE LAME (+1358)
02. Duchess JOANNA OF PFIRT (+1351), consort of Duke Albert II
03. Duchess ELIZABETH OF BOHEMIA (+1373), consort of Duke Albert III
GRAZ (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE IMPERIAL MAUSOLEUM
(Graz, Kaiserliches Mausoleum, Bürgergasse):
01. Archduchess ANNA MARIA OF BAVARIA (+1608), consort of Archduke Charles II
02. Archduke FERDINAND III (+1637)
HEILIGENKREUZ (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY (Stift Heiligenkreuz):
01. Margravine GERTRUDE OF SÃPPLINGENBURG (+1143), consort of Duke Henry II
02. Duke LEOPOLD V (+1194)
03. Duke FREDERICK I THE CATHOLIC (+1198)
04. Duke FREDERICK II THE VALIANT (+1246)
INNSBRUCK (AUSTRIA)
THE COURT CHURCH (Innsbruck, Hofkirche, Universitätsstr.):
Cenotaph to Archduke MAXIMILIAN I (+1519).
Maximilian I was, however, not buried here, but in St George's Chapel in Wiener Neustadt.
KLOSTERNEUBURG (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE AUGUSTINIAN ABBEY
(Stift Klosterneuburg, Stiftsplatz):
Duchess THEODORA OF BYZANTIUM (+1246), consort of Duke Leopold VI.
The tomb has not been preserved.
LILIENFELD (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY (Stift Lilienfeld, Klosterrotte):
01. Duke LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS (+1230)
02. Duchess MARGARET OF BABENBERG (+1266), consort of Duke Ottokar
03. Duchess CIMBURGIS OF MAZOVIA (+1429), consort of Duke Ernest the Ironside.
The tomb has not been preserved.
MADRID (SPAIN)
BURIED IN THE MONASTERY OF DISCALCED FRANCISCANS (Madrid, Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales, calle de la Misericordia):
Archduchess MARY OF SPAIN (+1603), consort of Archduke Maximilian II
MONTE (MADEIRA-PORTUGAL)
BURIED IN THE CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF MONTE
(Monte, Igreja Nossa Senhora do Monte, Caminho Das Babosas):
Emperor CHARLES I (+1922).
His heart was buried in Muri Abbey, Switzerland.
NAPLES (ITALY)
BURIED IN THE BASILICA OF SANTISSIMA ANNUNZIATA
(Napoli, Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Via Annunziata):
Duchess JOAN OF NAPLES (+1435), consort of Duke William of Styria nad Carinthia
NEUBERG AN DER MÃRZ (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE MONASTERY CHURCH
(Neuberg an der Mürz, Münster, Hauptstr.):
01. Duke OTTO THE MERRY (+1339)
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF LOWER BAVARIA (+1330), consort of Duke Otto the Merry
03. Duchess ANNE OF BOHEMIA (+1338), consort of Duke Otto the Merry
04. Duke LEOPOLD II (+1344)
PARIS (FRANCE)
BURIED IN THE AUGUSTINIAN CONVENT
(Paris, Couvent des Grands-Augustins):
Duchess AGNES OF BURGUNDY (+1323), wife of Duke Rudolph I.
The convent was demolished after 1789.
PRAGUE (CZECH REPUBLIC)
BURIED IN THE CONVENT OF ST AGNES
(Praha, klašter sv. Anežky, Anežská):
01. Duchess KUNIGUNDE OF HALICZ (+1285), consort of Duke Ottokar.
The tomb has not been preserved.
02. Duchess AGNES OF BOHEMIA (+1296), consort of Duke Rudolph II.
The tomb has not been preserved.
PRAGUE (CZECH REPUBLIC)
BURIED IN THE CATHEDRAL OF ST VITUS (Praha, chram sv. Vita):
01. Duke OTTOKAR (+1278)
02. Duke RUDOLPH II (+1290)
03. Duke RUDOLPH III (+1307)
04. Archduke LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS (+1457)
05. Archduke FERDINAND I (+1564)
06. Archduchess ANNA JAGIELLONIAN OF BOHEMIA (+1547), consort of King Ferdinand I
07. Archduke MAXIMILIAN II (+1576)
08. Archduke RUDOLPH V (+1612
REIN (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN REIN ABBEY (Stift Rein, Pleschstr.):
01. Duke ERNEST THE IRONSIDE (+1424)
02. Duchess MARGARET OF POMERANIA (+1410), consort of Duke Ernest the Ironside.
The tomb has not been preserved.
SAN LORENZO DE EL ESCORIAL (SPAIN)
BURIED IN THE MONASTERY OF SAN LORENZO (El Monasterio de El Escorial, Avenida Juan De Borbón Y Battemberg):
Archduke CHARLES I (+1558)
SECKAU (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE BENEDICTINE ABBEY
(Seckau, Benediktinerabtei, Zellenplatz Weg):
Archduke CHARLES II (+1590)
SPEYER (GERMANY)
BURIED IN SPEYER CATHEDRAL (Speyer Dom, Domplatz):
01. Duke RUDOLPH I (+1291)
02. Duke ALBERT I (+1308)
STAMS (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY
(Stams, Zisterzienserstift, Stiftshof):
Archduchess BIANCA MARIA SFORZA (+1510), consort of Archduke Maximilian I
ST PAUL IM LAVANTTAL (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE BENEDICTINE ABBEY
(Benediktinerstift St. Paul im Lavanttal, Hauptstr.):
01. Duchess GERTRUDE ANNE (+1281), consort of Duke Rudolph I
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF CARINTHIA (+1313), consort of Duke Albert I
03. Duke LEOPOLD I (+1326)
04. Duchess CATHERINE ELIZABETH OF SAVOY (+1336), consort of Duke Leopold I
05. Duke LEOPOLD III (+1386)
STIÄNA (SLOVENIA)
BURIED IN THE CISTERCIAN CONVENT
(StiÄna, Cistercijanska opatija):
01. Duchess AGNES OF MERANIA (+1263), consort of Duke Frederick II.
The tomb has not been preserved.
02. Duchess VIRIDIS OF MILAN (+1407/14), consort of Duke Leopold III.
The tomb has not been preserved.
SZÃKESFEHÃRVÃR (HUNGARY)
BURIED IN THE CORONATION BASILICA
(Székesfehérvár, Koronázó-bazilika, Koronázó tér):
01. Duke ALBERT V (+1439)
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF BOHEMIA (+1442), consort of Duke Albert V.
The basilica and the royal tombs were demolished by the Turks in 1601.
TÃBINGEN (GERMANY)
BURIED IN ST GEORGE'S CHURCH
(Tübingen, Stiftskirche St. Georg, Holzmarkt):
Archduchess MECHTILDE (+1482), consort of Archduke Albert VI
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE CAPUCHIN CHURCH
(Wien, Kapuzinerkirche, Neuer Markt):
01. Archduke MATTHEW (+1619).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
02. Archduchess ANNA OF TYROL (+1618), consort of Archduke Matthew.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
03. Archduke FERDINAND IV (+1654).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
04. Archduchess MARIA ANNA OF SPAIN (+1646), consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV
05. Archduchess MARIA LEOPOLDINA OF TYROL (+1649), consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV
06. Archduchess ELEANOR MAGDALEN OF MANTUA-NEVERS-GONZAGA (+1686), consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
07. Archduke LEOPOLD VI (+1705).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
08. Archduchess MARGARET THERESA OF SPAIN (+1673), consort of Archduke Leopold VI.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
09. Archduchess ELEANOR MAGDALEN OF THE PALATINATE-NEUBURG (+1720), consort of Archduke Leopold VI
10. Archduke JOSEPH I (+1711)
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
11. Archduke CHARLES III (+1740).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
12. Archduchess ELIZABETH CHRISTINA OF BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBÃTTEL (+1750), consort of Archduke Charles III
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
13. Archduchess MARIA THERESA (+1780).
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
14. Emperor FRANCIS I STEPHEN (+1765), consort of Archduchess Maria Theresa.
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
15. Archduke JOSEPH II (+1790)
16. Archduchess MARIA JOSEPHA OF BAVARIA (+1767), consort of Archduke Joseph II
17. Archduke LEOPOLD VII (+1792).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
18. Archduchess MARIA LODOVICA OF SICILY (+1792), consort of Archduke Leopold VII
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
19. Emperor FRANCIS I (+1835).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
20. Empress MARIA THERESA OF NAPLES-SICILY (+1807), consort of Emperor Francis I
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
21. Empress MARIA LODOVICA OF MODENA (+1816), consort of Emperor Francis I.
Her heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
22. Empress CAROLINE AUGUSTA OF BAVARIA (+1873), consort of Emperor Francis I
23. Emperor FERDINAND V THE GOOD (+1875).
His heart was buried in the Augustinian Church in Vienna.
24. Empress MARIA ANNA OF SARDINIA (+1884), consort of Emperor Ferdinand V
25. Emperor FRANCIS JOSEPH I (+1916)
26. Empress ELIZABETH OF BAVARIA (+1898), consort of Emperor Francis Joseph I
27. Empress ZITA OF BOURBON-PARMA (+1989), consort of Emperor Charles I.
Her heart was buried in Muri Abbey, Switzerland.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE DOMINICAN CHURCH
(Wien, Dominikanerkirche, Postgasse):
Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY OF TIROL (+1676), consort of Archduke Leopold VI.
Her heart was buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE MINORITES CONVENT, CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF THE SNOW (Wien, Minoritenkloster, Kirche Maria Schnee, Minoritenplatz):
01. Duchess BLANCHE OF FRANCE (+1305), consort of Duke Rudolph III.
The tomb has not been preserved.
02. Duchess ELIZABETH OF ARAGON (+1330), consort of Duke Frederick III the Handsome.
The tomb has not been preserved.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE SALESIAN CONVENT
(Wien, Salesianerinnenkloster der Heimsuchung Maria, Rennweg):
Archduchess WILHELMINA AMALIA OF BRUNSWICK-LUNEBURG (+1742), consort of Archduke Joseph I.
Her heart was buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE SCOTTISH CHURCH
(Wien, Schottenkirche, Freyung):
01. Duke HENRY II (+1177)
02. Duchess THEODORA OF BYZANTIUM (+1184), consort of Duke Henry II
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN ST STEPHEN’S CATHEDRAL
(Wien, Stephansdom-Herzogsgruft, Stephansplatz):
01. Duke FREDERICK III THE FAIR (+1330).
His heart was buried in the Ascension Church in Linz.
02. Duke RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (+1365)
03. Duchess CATHERINE OF BOHEMIA (+1386/95), consort of Duke Rudolph IV the Founder
04. Duke ALBERT III (+1395)
05. Duchess BEATRICE OF NUREMBERG (+1414), consort of Duke Albert III.
The tomb has not been preserved.
06. Duke ALBERT IV (+1404)
07. Duchess JOANNA SOPHIA OF BAVARIA (+1410), consort of Duke Albert IV
08. Duke WILLIAM (+1406)
09. Duke LEOPOLD IV (+1411)
10. Archduke ALBERT VI (+1463)
11. Archduke FREDERICK V (+1493).
His heart and viscera were buried in the Ascension Church in Linz.
12. Archduchess ELEANOR OF MANTUA (+1655), consort of Archduke Ferdinand III.
Her heart was buried in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz.
WIENER NEUSTADT (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN ST GEORGE’S CHAPEL
(Wiener Neustadt, Georgskapelle, Burgplatz):
Archduke MAXIMILIAN I (+1519).
His cenotaph is to be found in the Court Church in Innsbruck. His heart was buried inside the tomb of his first consort Duchess Mary of Burgundy in the Church of Our Lady in Bruges (Belgium).
WIENER NEUSTADT (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE NEUKLOSTERKIRCHE
(Wiener Neustadt, Neuklosterkirche, Neuklostergasse):
Archduchess ELEANOR OF PORTUGAL (+1467), consort of Archduke Frederick V
LIST OF AUSTRIAN SOVEREIGNS 1141-1918
MARGRAVIATE OF AUSTRIA (Ostmark) until 1156:
HOUSE OF BABENBERG (Babenberger)
1141-1156: HENRY II
(Heinrich II. Jasomirgott; Duke of Austria from 1156)
DUCHY OF AUSTRIA 1156-1453:
HOUSE OF BABENBERG (Babenberger)
1156-1177: HENRY II (Heinrich II. Jasomirgott)
Born in 1112.
Father: Margrave Leopold III of Austria. Mother: Margravine Agnes.
Married firstly GERTRUDE of Süpplingenburg (*1115,+1143).
Married secondly in 1148 Princess THEODORA of Byzantium (+1184).
His issue who reigned:
-LEOPOLD V (*1157,+1194; son of Theodora),
-Agnes (*c. 1154,+1182; Queen of Hungary; daughter of Theodora).
Died in c. 1177.
Buried with his second consort Duchess Theodora of Byzantium at the Scottish Church in Vienna.
His first consort Margravine Gertrude was buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
1177-1194: LEOPOLD V
Born in 1157.
Father: Duke Henry II of Austria. Mother: Duchess Theodora of Byzantium.
Married in c. 1174 Princess HELEN (Ilona) of Hungary (*c. 1158,+1199; burial place unknown).
His issue who reigned:
-FREDERICK I (*c. 1175,+1198),
-LEOPOLD VI (*1176/77,+1230).
Died in 1194 in Graz.
Buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
1195-1198: FREDERICK I THE CATHOLIC
(Friedrich I. der Katolische)
Born in c. 1175.
Father: Duke Leopold V of Austria. Mother: Duchess Helen (Ilona) of Hungary.
Unmarried.
Died in 1198 in the Holy Land.
Buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
1198-1230: LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS
(Leopold VI. der Glorreiche)
Born in 1176/77.
Father: Duke Leopold V of Austria. Mother: Duchess Helen of Hungary.
Married in 1203 Princess THEODORA of Byzantium (+1246 Kahlenberg).
His issue who reigned:
-FREDERICK II (*1210,+1246),
-Margaret (+1266; Queen of Bohemia).
Died in 1230 at San Germano, Apulia.
Buried in Lilienfeld Abbey.
His consort Duchess Theodora was buried in Klosterneuburg Abbey (no tomb).
1230-1246: FREDERICK II THE VALIANT
(Friedrich II. der Streitbare)
Born in 1211 in Wiener Neustadt.
Father: Duke Leopold VI of Austria. Mother: Duchess Theodora of Byzantium.
Married firstly Princess Sophia of Byzantium. Repudiated in 1229.
Married secondly in 1229 AGNES of Merania (+1263). Repudiated in 1243.
Died in 1246 in the Battle of the Leitha.
Buried in Heiligenkreuz Abbey. His consort Duchess Agnes of Merania was buried in the Cistercian Convent at StiÄna, now Slovenia (no tomb).
1246-1251: INTERREGNUM
HOUSE OF PÅEMYSLID (PÅemysliden)
1251-1278: OTTOKAR (King of Bohemia as PÅemysl Otakar II)
Born in 1230.
Father: King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia. Mother: Queen Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen.
Married firstly in 1252 Princess MARGARET of Babenberg (+1266). Repudiated in 1260.
Married secondly in 1261 Princess KUNIGUNDA of Halicz (*1245,+1285).
His issue who reigned:
-Wenceslaus II (*1271,+1305; King of Bohemia and Poland; son of Kunigunda).
Died in 1278 in the Battle of Dürnkrut near Vienna.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His first consort Duchess Margaret was buried in the Cistercian Abbey at Lilienfeld, Austria.
His second consort Duchess Kunigunda was buried in the Convent of St Agnes in Prague (no tomb).
HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger)
1278-1282: RUDOLPH I (Rudolf I.; German King)
Born in 1218 at Limburg/Breisgau.
Father: Count Albert IV of Habsburg. Mother: Countess Hedvig of Kyburg.
Married firstly in 1253 in Alsace Countess GERTRUDE ANNE of Hohenberg (*1225 Swabia,+1281 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1284 at Besançon Duchess AGNES of Burgundy (*1270 Dijon,+1323 Chambly).
His issue who reigned:
-ALBERT I *1255,+1308; son of Gertrude Anna),
-Clementia (*c. 1262,+1293; Queen of Naples; daughter of Gertrude Anna),
-RUDOLPH II (*c. 1270,+1290; son of Gertrude Anna),
-Judith (*1271,+1297; Queen of Bohemia; daughter of Gertrude Anna).
Abdicated in 1282 in favour of his son Albert I.
Died in 1291 in Speyer.
Buried in Speyer Cathedral.
His first consort Duchess Gertrude Anne was firstly buried in the Cathedral of Basel/Switzerland, later reburied in the Benedictine Monastery at St Paul im Lavanttal.
His second consort Duchess Agnes was buried in the Augustinian Convent in Paris (demolished).
1282-1308: ALBERT I (Albrecht I.; German king. Ruled jointly with Rudolph II and Rudolph III)
Born in c. 1255 at Rheinfelden.
Father: Duke Rudolph I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg.
Married in c. 1276 in Vienna Princess ELIZABETH of Carinthia (*c. 1262 Munich,+1313 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Agnes (*1281,+1364; Queen of Hungary),
-RUDOLPH III (*c. 1282,+1307),
-FREDERICK THE HANDSOME (*c. 1289,+1330),
-LEOPOLD I (*1290,+1326),
-ALBERT II THE LAME (*1298,+1358),
-OTTO (*1301,+1339).
Died in 1308 at Königsfelden near Brugg (murdered).
Buried in Speyer Cathedral.
His consort Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia was buried in the Benedictine Abbey at St Paul im Lavanttal.
1282-1290: RUDOLPH II (Rudolf II. Ruled jointly with Albert I)
Born in c. 1270 at Rheinfelden.
Father: Duke Rudolph I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg.
Married in 1289 in Prague Princess AGNES of Bohemia (*1269 Prague,+1296 Prague).
Died in 1290 in Prague.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His consort Duchess Agnes of Bohemia was buried in the Church of St Francis/St Agnes in Prague (no tomb).
1298-1307: RUDOLPH III
(Rudolf III.; King of Bohemia. Ruled jointly with Albert I)
Born in c. 1282 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married firstly in 1300 in Vienna Princess BLANCHE of France (*1278 Paris,+1305 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1306 in Prague ELIZABETH of Poland, Dowager Queen of Bohemia (*c. 1286 PoznaÅ,+1335 Brno).
Died in 1307 in HoražÄovice, Bohemia.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His first consort Duchess Blanche was buried in the Minorites Convent in Vienna (no tomb).
His second consort Queen and Duchess Elizabeth of Poland was buried at the Cistercian Convent in Brno, Moravia.
1308-1330: FREDERICK III THE FAIR
(Friedrich III. der Schöne; German king. Ruled with Leopold I)
Born in c. 1289 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married in 1314 at Castle Gutenstein Princess ELIZABETH of Aragon (*c. 1296 Montpellier,+1330 Vienna).
Died in 1330 at Gutenstein, Lower Austria.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Duchess Elizabeth of Aragon was buried in the Minorites Church in Vienna (no tomb).
1308-1326: LEOPOLD I (Ruled jointly with Frederick III the Fair)
Born in 1290 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married in 1315 in Vienna Princess CATHERINE ELIZABETH of Savoy (*c. 1298 Brabant,+1336 Rheinfelden).
Died in 1326 in Strasbourg.
Buried with his consort Duchess Catherine Elizabeth of Savoy in the Benedictine Abbey at St Paul im Lavanttal.
1330-1358: ALBERT II THE LAME (Albrecht II. der Lahme. Ruled jointly with Otto the Merry and Leopold II)
Born in 1298 at Habsburg.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married in 1324 in Vienna Countess JOANNA of Pfirt (*c. 1200 Basel,+1351 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (*1339,+1365),
-ALBERT III (*1348,+1395),
-LEOPOLD III (*1351,+1386).
Died in 1358 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Duchess Joanna of Pfirt in the Carthusian Convent at Gaming.
1330-1339: OTTO THE MERRY
(Otto der Fröhlihe. Ruled jointly with Albert II)
Born in 1301 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert I of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Carinthia.
Married firstly in 1325 in Vienna ELIZABETH of Lower Bavaria (*c. 1306 Nuremberg,+1330 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1335 in Prague Princess ANNE of Bohemia (*1319 Prague,+1338 Neuberg/Mürz).
His issue who reigned:
-LEOPOLD II (*1328,+1344; son of Elizabeth).
Died in 1339 at Neuberg/Mürz.
Buried with his both consorts in the Monastery Church at Neuberg/Mürz.
1339-1344: LEOPOLD II (Ruled jointly with Albert II)
Born in 1328.
Father: Duke Otto the Merry of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth Lower Bavaria.
Unmarried.
Died in 1344.
Buried in the Monastery Church at Neuberg/Mürz.
1358-1365: RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (Rudolf IV. der Stifter)
Born in 1339 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert II the Lame of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna of Pfirt.
Married in 1353 (or 1357) in Vienna Princess CATHERINE of Bohemia (*1342 Prague,+1386/95 Vienna).
Died in 1365 in Milan.
Buried with his consort Duchess Catherine of Bohemia in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
1365-1395: ALBERT III (Albrecht III. Ruled with Leopold III)
Born in 1348 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert II the Lame of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna of Pfirt.
Married firstly in 1366 in Vienna Princess ELIZABETH of Bohemia (*1358 Prague,+1373 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1375 in Vienna BEATRICE of Nuremberg (*c. 1355 Nuremberg,+1414 Vienna).
Issue of his first marriage: none.
His issue who reigned: ALBERT IV (*1377,+1404; son of Beatrice).
Died in 1395 at Laxenburg near Vienna.
Buried with his second consort Duchess Beatrice in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (her tomb was lost).
His first consort Duchess Elizabeth of Bohemia was buried in the Carthusian Convent at Gaming.
1365-1386: LEOPOLD III (Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola. Ruled Lower Austria jointly with Albert III)
Born in 1351 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert II the Lame of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna of Pfirt.
Married in 1365 in Milan Princess VIRIDIS Visconti of Milan (*c. 1350 Milan,+1407/14).
His issue who reigned:
-WILLIAM (*1370,+1406; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola),
-LEOPOLD IV (*1371,+1411; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola),
-ERNEST THE IRONSIDE (*1377,+1424; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola),
-FREDERICK IV (*1382,+1439; Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola).
Died in 1386 in the battle near Sempach.
Buried in the Benedictine Monastery at St Paul im Lavanttal.
His consort Duchess Viridis was buried in the Cistercian Convent at StiÄna, now Slovenia (no tomb).
1379: AUSTRIA DIVIDED INTO LOWER AUSTRIA AND INNER AUSTRIA (STYRIA, CARINTHIA AND CARNIOLA)
DUKES OF INNER AUSTRIA
1386-1406: WILLIAM (Wilhelm. Ruled jointly with Leopold IV)
Born in 1370 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married in 1401 in Vienna Princess JOAN of Naples (*1373,+1435 Naples; later Queen Joan II of Naples).
Died in 1406 in Vienna.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Duchess Joan of Naples was buried in the Church of Annunziata in Naples.
1386-1411: LEOPOLD IV (Ruled jointly with William)
Born in 1371.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married in 1393 in Vienna CATHERINE of Burgundy (*1378 Montbard,+1425 Grey-sur-Saône).
Died in 1411 in Vienna.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Duchess Catherine was buried firstly in Champmol Abbey, later reburied in the Ducal Palace in Dijon.
1406-1424: ERNEST THE IRONSIDE (Ernst der Eiserne. Ruled jointly with Frederick IV)
Born in 1377 in Bruck/Mur.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married firstly in 1392 in Bruck/Mur Princess MARGARET of Pomerania (*1366 Demmin,+1410 Bruck/Mur).
Married secondly in 1412 in Kraków Princess CYMBARKA (Cimburgis) of Mazovia (*1394 Warsaw,+1429 Türnitz).
His issue who reigned:
-FREDERICK V (*1415,+1493),
-ALBERT VI (*1418,+1463).
Died in 1424 in Bruck/Mur.
Buried with his first consort Duchess Margaret of Pomerania in Rein Abbey.
His second consort Duchess Cimburgis of Mazovia was buried in Lilienfeld Abbey (no tomb).
1402-1439: FREDERICK IV (Friedrich IV. Ruled with Ernest)
Born in 1382 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Leopold III. Mother: Duchess Viridis Visconti.
Married firstly in 1407 in Innsbruck ELIZABETH of the Palatinate (*c. 1381,+1408).
Married secondly in 1411 in Innsbruck ANNE of Brunswick (*1390,+1432 Innsbruck).
Died in 1439 in Innsbruck.
Buried with his both consorts in Stams Abbey.
DUKES OF LOWER AUSTRIA
1395-1404: ALBERT IV (Albrecht IV.)
Born in 1377 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert III of Austria. Mother: Duchess Beatrice of Nuremberg.
Married in 1390 in Vienna Princess JOANNA SOPHIA of Bavaria (*c. 1373 Munich,+1410 Vienna).
His issue who reigned: ALBERT V (*1397,+1439).
Died in 1404 at Klosterneuburg near Vienna.
Buried with his consort Duchess Joanna Sophia of Bavaria in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (her tomb was lost).
1404-1439: ALBERT V
(Albrecht V.; German king, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1397 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Albert IV of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna Sophia of Bavaria.
Married in 1421 in Prague Princess ELIZABETH of Bohemia and Hungary (*c. 1409 Prague,+1442 Györ, Hungary).
His issue who reigned:
-Elizabeth (*1436,+1505; Queen of Poland),
-LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS (*1440,+1457).
Died in 1439 at Neszmély near Esztergom, Hungary.
Buried with his consort Duchess Elizabeth of Bohemia and Hungary in the Coronation Basilica at Székesfehérvár, Hungary (demolished).
1440-1453: LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS
(Ladislaus Posthumus; King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary; Archduke of Austria from 1453)
LOWER AND INNER AUSTRIA UNITED IN 1493
ARCHDUCHY OF AUSTRIA 1453-1804:
HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger)
1453-1457: LADISLAUS THE POSTHUMOUS (Ladislaus Posthumus; King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1440 at Komárom, Hungary.
Father: Duke Albert V of Austria. Mother: Duchess Elizabeth of Bohemia and Hungary.
Unmarried.
Died in 1457 in Prague.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
1435/57-1493: FREDERICK V (Friedrich V.; Roman Emperor and German king as Frederick III. Ruled jointly with Albert VI)
Born in 1415 at Innsbruck.
Father: Duke Ernest of Austria and Styria. Mother: Duchess Cimburgis (Cymbarka) of Mazovia.
Married in 1452 in Rome Princess ELEANOR of Portugal (*1436 Torres Vedras,+1467 Wiener Neustadt).
His issue who reigned:
-MAXIMILIAN I (*1459,+1519).
Died in 1493 at Linz.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Archduchess Eleanor of Portugal was buried in the Parish Church Neuklosterkirche at Wiener Neustadt.
1457-1463: ALBERT VI (Albrecht VI. Ruled with Frederick V)
Born in 1418 in Vienna.
Father: Duke Ernest the Ironside of Styria and Carinthia. Mother: Duchess Cimburgis (Cymbarka) of Mazovia.
Married in 1452 in Vienna Princess MECHTILDE of the Palatinate (*1419 Amberg,+1482 Tübingen).
Died in 1463 in Vienna.
Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
His consort Archduchess Mechtilde was buried in St George's Church at Tübingen.
1493-1519: MAXIMILIAN I (Roman Emperor, German king)
Born in 1459 at Wiener Neustadt.
Father: Archduke Frederick V of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Eleanor of Portugal.
Married firstly in 1477 at Ghent Duchess Mary of Burgundy (*1457 Brussels,+1482 Bruges).
Married secondly in 1494 at Hall, Tyrol Princess BIANCA MARIA Sforza of Milan (*1472 Milan,+1510 Innsbruck).
His issue who reigned:
-Philip I the Fair (*1478,+1506; King of Castile; son of Mary),
-Margaret (*1480,+1530; Duchess of Savoy; daughter of Mary).
Died in 1519 at Wels.
Buried in St George's Chapel at Wiener Neustadt.
His first consort Mary of Burgundy was buried in Our Lady's Church in Bruges, now Belgium.
His second consort Bianca Maria Sforza of Milan was buried in Cistercian Abbey at Stams, Tyrol.
1519-1522: CHARLES I (Karl I.; Roman Emperor and German king as Charles V, King of Spain, Naples and Sicily)
Born in 1500 at Gent.
Father: King Philip I the Fair of Castile. Mother: Queen Joan the Mad of Castile.
Married in 1526 in Seville Princess Isabella of Portugal (*1503 Lisbon,+1539 Toledo).
His issue who reigned:
-Philip II (*1527,+1598; King of Spain and Portugal),
-Maria (*1528,+1603; German Empress and Queen of Bohemia and Hungary).
Abdicated in 1522.
Died in 1558 at San Jerónimo de Yuste, Spain.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Isabella of Portugal in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial.
1522-1564: FERDINAND I (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1503 at Alcala de Henares, Spain.
Father: King Philip I the Fair of Castile. Mother: Queen Joan the Mad of Castile.
Married in 1521 at Linz Princess ANNE Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary (*1503 Buda,+1547 Prague).
His issue who reigned:
-Elizabeth (*1526,+1545; Queen of Poland),
-MAXIMILIAN II (*1527,+1576),
-Anne (*1528,+1590; Electress of Bavaria),
-Catherine (*1533,+1572; Queen of Poland),
-CHARLES II (*1540,+1590).
Died in 1564 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Anna Jagiellonian in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
1564-1590: CHARLES II (Karl II. Archduke of Inner Austria: Styria, Carinthia and Carniola)
Born in 1540 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Anna Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary.
Married in 1571 in Vienna Princess MARIA ANNE of Bavaria (*1551 Munich,+1608 Graz).
His issue who reigned:
-FERDINAND II (*1578,+1637),
-Anna (*1573,+1598; Queen of Poland and Sweden),
-Maria Christina (*1574,+1621; Princess of Transylvania),
-Margaret (*1584,+1611; Queen of Spain),
-Constance (*1588,+1631; Queen of Poland),
-Maria Magdalena (*1589,+1631; Grand Duchess of Tuscany).
Died in 1590 in Graz.
Buried in the Benedictine Abbey at Seckau.
His consort Maria Anna of Bavaria was buried in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz.
1564-1576: MAXIMILIAN II (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1527 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Anna Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary.
Married in 1548 at Valladolid, Spain Princess MARY of Spain (*1528 Madrid,+1603 Villa Monte, Spain).
His issue who reigned:
-Anna (*1549,+1580; Queen of Spain),
-RUDOLPH V (*1552,+1612);
-Elizabeth (*1554,+1592; Queen of France),
-MATTHEW (*1557,+1619).
Died in 1576 in Regensburg.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
His consort Archduchess Mary of Spain was buried in the Church of St Clara (Discalced Franciscans) in Madrid.
1576-1608: RUDOLPH V (Rudolf V; Roman Emperor and German king as Rudolph II, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1552 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Maximilian II of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Mary of Spain.
Unmarried.
Deposed in 1608.
Died in 1612 in Prague.
Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague.
1608-1619: MATTHEW (Matthias; Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary)
Born in 1557 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Maximilian II of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Mary of Spain.
Married in 1611 in Vienna Archduchess ANNE of Tyrol (*1585 Innsbruck,+1618 Vienna).
Died in 1619 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Anna of Tyrol in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1619-1637: FERDINAND III (Roman Emperor and German king as Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1578 in Graz.
Father: Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria of Bavaria.
Married firstly in 1600 in Graz Dowager Archduchess of Austria Maria Anna of Bavaria (*1574 Munich,+1616 Graz).
Married secondly in 1622 in Innsbruck Princess ELEANOR Gonzaga of Mantua (*1598 Mantua,+1655 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-FERDINAND IV (*1608,+1657; son of Maria Anna),
-Maria Anna (*1610,+1665; Electress of Bavaria; daughter of Maria Anna),
-Cecilia Renata (*1611,+1644; Queen of Poland; daughter of Maria Anna).
Died in 1637 in Vienna.
Buried in the Imperial Mausoleum at Graz with his first consort Maria Anna of Bavaria.
His second consort Archduchess Eleanor of Mantua was buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.
1637-1657: FERDINAND IV (Roman Emperor and German king as Ferdinand III, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1608 in Graz.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand III of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria Anna of Bavaria.
Married firstly in 1631 in Vienna Princess MARIA ANNE of Spain (*1608 Escorial,+1646 Linz).
Married secondly in 1648 in Linz Archduchess MARIA LEOPOLDINA of Tyrol (*1632 Innsbruck,+1649 Vienna).
Married thirdly in 1651 in Vienna Princess ELEANOR Gonzaga of Mantua (*1630 Mantua,+1686 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Ferdinand IV (*1633,+1654; Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary; son of Maria Anna),
-Maria Anna (*1635,+1696; Queen of Spain; daughter of Maria Anna),
-LEOPOLD VI (*1640,+1705; son of Maria Anna),
-Eleanor (*1653,+1697; Queen of Poland; daughter of Eleanor).
Died in 1657 in Vienna.
Buried with his three consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1657-1705: LEOPOLD VI
(Roman Emperor and German king as Leopold I, King of Bohemia and Hungary)
Born in 1640 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Ferdinand III of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria Anna of Spain.
Married firstly in 1666 in Vienna Princess MARGARET THERESA of Spain (*1651 Madrid,+1673 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1673 in Vienna Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY of Tyrol (*1653 Innsbruck,+1676 Vienna).
Married thirdly in 1676 in Vienna Princess ELEANOR MAGDALEN of Palatinate-Neuburg (*1655 Düsseldorf,+1720 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Maria Antonia (*1669,+1692; Electress of Bavaria; daughter of Margaret Theresa),
-JOSEPH I (*1678,+1711; son of Eleanor Magdalen),
-Maria Anna (*1683,+1754; Queen of Portugal; daughter of Eleanor Magdalen),
-CHARLES III (*1685,+1740; son of Eleanor Magdalen).
Died in 1705 in Vienna.
Buried with his first and third consort in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
His second consort Archduchess Claudia Felicity was buried in the Dominican Church in Vienna.
1705-1711: JOSEPH I (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Hungary, Naples and Sicily)
Born in 1678 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Leopold VI of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg.
Married in 1699 in Vienna Princess WILHELMINA AMALIA of Brunswick-Lüneburg (*1673 Lüneburg,+1742 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Maria Josepha (*1699,+1757; Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony),
-Maria Amalia (*1701,+1756; Electress of Bavaria).
Died in 1711 in Vienna.
Buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
His consort Archduchess Wilhelmina Amalia was buried in the Convent of Salesian Nuns in Vienna.
1711-1740: CHARLES III (Karl III.; Roman Emperor and German king as Charles VI, King of Bohemia, Croatia, Hungary, Naples and Sicily, Duke of Parma)
Born in 1685 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Leopold VI of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg.
Married in 1708 in Barcelona Princess ELIZABETH CHRISTINA of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (*1691 Wolfenbüttel,+1750 Vienna).
His issue who reigned: MARIA THERESA (*1717,+1780).
Died in 1740 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Elizabeth Christina in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1740-1780: MARIA THERESA (Maria Theresia; Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, Duchess of Parma)
Born in 1717 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Charles III of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
Married in 1736 in Vienna Duke FRANCIS STEPHEN of Lorraine, later Emperor Francis I Stephen (*1708 Luneville,+1765 Innsbruck).
Her issue who reigned:
-JOSEPH II (*1741,+1790),
-Marie Amalie (*1746,+1804; Duchess of Parma),
-LEOPOLD VII (*1747,+1792),
-Marie Caroline (*1752,+1814; Queen of the Two Sicilies),
-Ferdinand (*1754,+1806; Duke of Massa-Carrara),
-Marie Antoinette (*1755,+1793; Queen of France).
Died in 1780 in Vienna.
Buried with her consort Emperor Francis I Stephen in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
HOUSE OF HABSBURG-LORRAINE (Habsburg-Lothringer)
1764/80-1790: JOSEPH II (Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Galicia and Hungary)
Born in 1741 in Schönbrunn.
Father: Emperor Francis I Stephen. Mother: Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.
Married firstly in 1760 in Vienna Princess Isabella of Bourbon-Parma (*1741 Madrid,+1763 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1765 in Vienna Princess MARIA JOSEPHA of Bavaria (*1739 Munich,+1767 Vienna).
Died in 1790 in Vienna.
Buried with his both consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1790-1792: LEOPOLD VII (Roman Emperor and German king as Leopold II, King of Bohemia and Hungary, Grand Duke of Tuscany)
Born in 1747 in Schönbrunn.
Father: Emperor Francis I Stephen. Mother: Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.
Married in 1765 in Innsbruck Princess MARIA LOUISA of Spain and Sicily (*1745 Portici near Naples,+1792 Vienna).
His issue who reigned:
-Maria Theresa (*1767,+1827; Queen of Saxony),
-FRANCIS II/I (1768,+1835),
-Ferdinand III (1769,+1824; Grand Duke of Tuscany).
Died in 1792 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Archduchess Maria Louisa in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1792-1804: FRANCIS I (Franz I.; from 1804 Emperor of Austria; Roman Emperor, German king, King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Galicia and Hungary)
Born in 1768 in Florence.
Father: Archduke Leopold VII. Mother: Archduchess Maria Louisa of Spain.
Married firstly in 1788 in Vienna Duchess Elizabeth of Württemberg (*1767 Treptow,+1790 Vienna).
Married secondly in 1790 in Vienna Princess MARIA THERESA of Naples-Sicily (*1772 Naples,+1807 Vienna).
Married thirdly in 1808 in Vienna Archduchess MARIA LODOVICA of Modena (*1787 Monza,+1816 Verona).
Married fourthly in 1816 in Vienna Princess CAROLINE AUGUSTA of Bavaria (*1792 Mannheim,+1873 Vienna).
He was never crowned in Austria.
His issue who reigned:
-Marie Louise (*1791,+1847; Empress of the French; daughter of Maria Theresa),
-FERDINAND I (*1793,+1875; son of Maria Theresa),
-Maria Leopoldina (*1797,+1826; Queen of Portugal, Empress of Brazil; daughter of Maria Theresa).
Died in 1835 in Vienna.
Buried with all his consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
AUSTRIAN EMPIRE 1804-1918:
HOUSE OF HABSBURG-LORRAINE
1804-1835: FRANCIS I
(Franz I.; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Hungary and Lombardo-Venetia)
1835-1848: FERDINAND I THE GOOD (Ferdinand I. der Gute; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Galicia, Hungary and Lombardo-Venetia)
Born in 1793 in Vienna.
Father: Emperor Francis I of Austria. Mother: Empress Maria Theresa of Naples-Sicily.
Married in 1831 in Vienna Princess MARIA ANNA of Sardinia (*1803 Rome,+1884 Prague).
He was never crowned in Austria.
Abdicated in 1848.
Died in 1875 in Prague.
Buried with his consort Empress Maria Anna of Sardinia in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1848-1916: FRANCIS JOSEPH I (Franz Joseph I.; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Galicia, Hungary and Lombardo-Venetia)
Born in 1848 in Vienna.
Father: Archduke Francis of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Sophia of Bavaria.
Married in 1854 in Vienna Duchess ELIZABETH of Bavaria (*1837 Munich,+1898 Geneva).
He was never crowned in Austria.
Died in 1916 in Vienna.
Buried with his consort Empress Elizabeth of Bavaria in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
1916-1918: CHARLES I
(Karl I.; King of Bohemia, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Galicia and Hungary)
Born in 1887 in Persenbeug.
Father: Archduke Otto of Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria of Saxony.
Married in 1911 in Schwarzau am Steinfelde Princess ZITA of Bourbon-Parma (*1892 Villa Pianore,+1989 Zizers, Switzerland).
He was never crowned in Austria.
His issue who reigned:
Otto (*1912,+2011; nominal King of Hungary).
Deposed in 1918 and exiled in Switzerland (1919-21) and on Madeira (1921-22).
Died in 1922 in Monte, Madeira.
Buried in the Church of Our Lady of Monte, Madeira.
His consort Empress Zita was buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA FROM 1918
TOMBS OF AUSTRIAN SOVEREIGNS
01. The tomb of Duke HENRY II and his consort Duchess THEODORA OF BYZANTIUM in the Scottish Church in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Margravine GERTRUDE OF SÃPPLINGENBURG, consort of HENRY II, in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD V in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria)
The tomb of Duke FREDERICK I THE CATHOLIC in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria)
01. The cenotaph to Duke LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS in Lilienfeld Abbey (Austria).
02. The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD VI THE GLORIOUS in Lilienfeld Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Duke FREDERICK II THE VALIANT in Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Austria)
01. The tomb of Duke OTTOKAR in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
02. The tomb of Duchess MARGARET OF BABENBERG, consort of Duke Ottokar, in Lilienfeld Abbey (Austria).
01. The tomb of Duke RUDOLPH I in the Cathedral of Speyer (Germany).
02. The cenotaph to Duke RUDOLPH I in the Cathedral of Speyer (Germany).
03. The cenotaph to Duchess GERTRUDE ANNE, consort of Duke Rudolph I, in the Cathedral of Basel (Switzerland).
04. The tomb of Duchess GERTRUDE ANNE, consort of Duke Rudolph I, in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria).
01. The tomb of Duke ALBERT I in the Cathedral of Speyer (Germany).
02. The tomb of Duchess ELIZABETH OF CARINTHIA, consort of Duke Albert I, in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria).
01. The tomb of Duke RUDOLPH III in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
02. The tomb of Queen and Duchess ELIZABETH OF POLAND, consort of Duke Rudolph III, in the Cistercian Convent in Brno (Czech Republic).
The tomb of Duke FREDERICK III THE FAIR in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
01. The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD I and his consort Duchess CATHERINE ELIZABETH OF SAVOY in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria).
02. The tomb of Duke ALBERT II THE LAME and his consort Duchess JOANNA OF PFIRT in Gaming Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Duke OTTO THE MERRY, his consorts Duchesses ELIZABETH OF LOWER BAVARIA and ANNE OF BOHEMIA, and Duke LEOPOLD II in Neuberg Abbey (Austria)
Tombs of Duke RUDOLPH IV THE FOUNDER (right) and his consort Duchess CATHERINE OF BOHEMIA in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
The tomb of Duke ALBERT III (left) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD III in the Abbey of St Paul im Lavanttal (Austria)
01. The tomb of Duke WILLIAM in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
02. The tomb of Duchess JOAN OF NAPLES, consort of Duke William, in the Church of Annunziata in Naples (Italy).
Photo nr 01 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Duke LEOPOLD IV (left) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria)
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Duke ERNEST THE IRONSIDE and his consort Duchess MARGARET OF POMERANIA in Rein Abbey (Austria)
Tombs in Stams Abbey (Austria):
01. Duke FREDERICK IV.
02. The statues of Duke FREDERICK IV and his consort Duchess ANNE OF BRUNSWICK (left) in the Sigismund Vault where they are interred.
The tomb of Duke ALBERT IV (right) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria).
Photo courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
01. The tomb of Archduke FREDERICK V in St Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna.
02. The tomb of Archduchess ELEANOR OF PORTUGAL, consort of Archduke Frederick V, in the Parish Church Neuklosterkirche in Wiener Neustadt (Austria).
01. The tomb of ALBERT VI (right) in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MECHTILDE OF THE PALATINATE, consort of Archduke Albert VI, in St George’s Church in Tübingen (Germany).
Photo nr 01 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
01. The tomb of Archduke MAXIMILIAN I in St George’s Chapel in Wiener Neustadt (Austria).
02. The cenotaph to Archduke MAXIMILIAN I in the Court Church in Innsbruck (Austria).
03. The statue of Archduchess BIANCA MARIA SFORZA (centre), consort of Archduke Maximilian I, in the place of her burial at the Sigismund Vault, Stams Abbey (Austria).
The tomb of Archduke CHARLES I in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Spain)
The tomb of Archduke FERDINAND I and his consort Archduchess ANNE JAGIELLONIAN in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic)
01. The tomb of Archduke CHARLES II in Seckau Abbey (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MARIA ANNE OF BAVARIA, consort of Archduke Charles II, in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz (Austria).
01. The tomb of Archduke MAXIMILIAN II in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MARY OF SPAIN, consort of Archduke Maximilian II, in the Church of St Clara in Madrid (Spain).
03. The tomb of Archduke RUDOLPH V in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague (Czech Republic).
Tombs of Archduke MATTHEW and his consort Archduchess ANNE OF TYROL in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
01. The tomb of Archduke FERDINAND III in the Imperial Mausoleum in Graz (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess ELEANOR OF MANTUA, consort of Archduke Ferdinand III, in St Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna (Austria).
Photo nr 02 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Archduke FERDINAND IV.
02. Archduchesses MARIA LEOPOLDINA OF TYROL (left) and MARIA ANNE OF SPAIN, consorts of Archduke Ferdinand IV.
03. Archduchess ELEANOR OF MANTUA, consort of Archduke Ferdinand IV.
01. The tomb of Archduke LEOPOLD VI in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess MARGARET THERESA OF SPAIN, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
03. The tomb of Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY OF TYROL, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Dominican Church in Vienna (Austria).
04. The tombstone of Archduchess CLAUDIA FELICITY OF TYROL, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Dominican Church in Vienna (Austria).
05. The tomb of Archduchess ELEANOR MAGDALEN OF NEUBURG, consort of Archduke Leopold VI, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
01. The tomb of Archduke JOSEPH I in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
02. The tomb of Archduchess WILHELMINA AMALIA OF BRUNSWICK-LÃNEBURG, consort of Archduke Joseph I, in the Convent of Salesian Nuns in Vienna (Austria).
03. The tomb of Archduke CHARLES III in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
04. The tomb of Archduchess ELIZABETH CHRISTINA OF BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBÃTTEL, consort of Archduke Charles III, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
Photo nr 02 courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig
The tomb of Archduchess MARIA THERESA and her consort Emperor FRANCIS I STEPHEN in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Archduke JOSEPH II.
02. Archduchess MARIA JOSEPHA OF BAVARIA, consort of Archduke Joseph II.
Tombs of Archduke LEOPOLD VII (left) and his consort Archduchess MARIA LOUISA OF SPAIN AND SICILY in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Emperor FRANCIS I.
02. Empress MARIA THERESA OF NAPLES-SICILY, consort of Emperor Francis I.
03. Empress MARIA LODOVICA OF MODENA, consort of Emperor Francis I.
04. Empress CAROLINE AUGUSTA OF BAVARIA, consort of Emperor Francis I.
Tombs in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria):
01. Emperor FERDINAND I THE GOOD.
02. Empress MARIA ANNA OF SARDINIA, consort of Emperor Ferdinand I the Good.
Tombs of Emperor FRANCIS JOSEPH I (right) and his Empress ELIZABETH OF BAVARIA (left) in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria)
01. The tomb of Emperor CHARLES I in the Church of Our Lady of Monte, Madeira (Portugal).
02. The tomb of Empress ZITA OF BOURBON-PARMA, consort of Emperor Charles I, in the Capuchin Church in Vienna (Austria).
|
|||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 25
|
http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811.htm
|
en
|
[
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/arrow01.gif",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/arrow01.gif",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811_1_mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_medium.jpg",
"http://www.neven.dk/stamtrae/neven/10811_2_habsburg_schweiz.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Familie
Ægtefæller/børn:
1. Ludwig II af Bayern
Agnes af Bayern+
Rudolf I bei Rhein
Anna af Bayern
Mechtild af Bayern
Ludwig IV von Wittelsbach+
Mathilde af Østrig
Født: 1252, Habsburg Schweiz, Brugg District, Aargau, Schweiz
Ægteskab (1): Ludwig II af Bayern den 27 Okt. 1273 i Aachen Tyskland
Død: 23 Dec. 1304 i en alder af 52 år
Et andet navn for Mathilde var Habsburg.
Notater:
Mathilde von Habsburg liv
Matilda of Habsburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Matilda of Habsburg or Melchilde (Rheinfelden, ca. 1252-Munich, Bavaria, 23 December 1304) was the eldest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenburg. Her siblings included: Judith of Habsburg, Klementia of Habsburg and Albert I of Germany.
Biography
On the 24 October 1273, Matilda married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria in Aachen, she was his third and final wife. There was a large age difference, Louis was twenty three years older than Matilda but they still had four children. Their children were:
Agnes (ca. 1267/77\endash 1345), married to:
1290 in Donauwörth Landgrave Henry II of Hesse;
1298/1303 Heinrich I "Ohneland" ("Lackland"), Margrave of Brandenburg.
Rudolf I (4 October 1274, Basle\endash 12 August 1319).
Mechthild (1275\endash 28 March 1319, Lüneburg), married 1288 to Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
Ludwig IV (1 April 1282, Munich\endash 11 October 1347, Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck).
On her husband's death in 1294, Matilda acted as regent for her young son Rudolf. A decision was made for Matilda to take part of the duchy and her son to take the other part. Matilda took a large part of Upper Bavaria while her son took the cities such as: Ingolstadt, Neuberg, Langenfeld and Rietberg. Within a couple of years her son came of age and ruled the kingdom by himself.
[edit]Family
Matilda was the forth of nine children, her younger sister, Judith married Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was the mother of ten children, among them were Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia and Elisabeth I of Bohemia, duchess of Luxembourg. Klementia's daughter Clemence was the mother of John I of France, the baby king. John I died when he was only five days old so was succeded by his paternal uncle Philip.
Her mother, Gertrude was born to Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg (d. 1253) and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen.
Her paternal grandparents were Burchard IV, Count of Hohenberg and his unnamed wife. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolph II, Count palatine and his wife, a daughter of Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen.Burchard IV was a son of Burchard III, Count of Hohenberg.
Burchard III was one of two sons of Burchard II, Count of Hohenberg. He was co-ruler with his brother Frederick, Count of Hohenberg. His brother had no known descendants and the two brothers consequently had a single successor.
Burchard II was one of five known sons of Frederick I, Count of Zollern and his wife Udachild of Urach.
[edit]Louis IV's early reign as Duke of Upper Bavaria
Though Matilda had her younger son, Louis partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf I in Upper Bavaria in 1301 with the support of Matilda and her brother King Albert I, he quarrelled with the Habsburgs from 1307 over possessions in Lower Bavaria. A civil war against his brother Rudolf due to new disputes on the partition of their lands was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich.
In the same year Louis defeated his Habsburg cousin Frederick the Handsome. Originally, he was a friend of Frederick, with whom he had been raised. However, armed conflict arose when the tutelage over the young Dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV) was entrusted to Frederick. On November 9, 1313, Frederick was beaten by Louis in the Battle of Gamelsdorf and had to renounce the tutelage.
Begivenheder i hendes liv:
1. Bopæl, 1252, Habsburg Schweiz, Brugg District, Aargau, Schweiz.
Mathilde blev gift med Ludwig II af Bayern, søn af Otto II af Bayern og Agnes Bei Rhein, den 27 Okt. 1273 i Aachen Tyskland. (Ludwig II af Bayern blev født den 13 Apr. 1229 i Heidelberg Tyskland og døde den 2 Feb. 1294 i Heidelberg Tyskland.)
|
|||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 27
|
https://pamelamorse.com/tag/albert-i-king-of-germany-habsburg/
|
en
|
Albert I king of Germany Habsburg
|
[
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/4b990be2-b3d9-44d2-832b-26fd232b0f35.jpg?w=441",
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-spaladylogo2.jpg?w=50",
"https://pamelamorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cropped-spaladylogo2.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Posts about Albert I king of Germany Habsburg written by Pamela Morse
|
en
|
mermaidcamp
|
https://pamelamorse.com/tag/albert-i-king-of-germany-habsburg/
|
February 28, 2014 — 4 Comments
My 19th great grandfather was born in current day Switzerland and married well:
Albert I of HabsburgKing of Germany
(formally King of the Romans)Reign27 July 1298 – 1 May 1308CoronationUncrownedGermanAlbrecht I, römisch-deutscher König, Herzog von Österreich und der Steiermark, Markgraf von MeißenTitlesDuke of Austria
Duke of Styria
Margrave of MeißenBornJuly , 1255
Rheinfelden, Free Imperial CityDiedMay 1, 1308 (aged 52)
Königsfelden, Breisgau, Further AustriaPredecessorAdolf of NassauSuccessorHenry VII, Count of LuxembourgConsortElisabeth of Gorizia-TyrolOffspringRudolph I, King of Bohemia
Frederick the Fair, King of the Romans
Leopold I, Duke of Austria
Albert II, Duke of Austria
Anna, Duchess of Brieg
Agnes, Queen of Hungary
Elisabeth, Duchess of Lorraine
Catherine, Duchess of Calabria and three others Royal HouseHouse of HabsburgFatherRudolph I, King of the RomansMotherGertrude of Hohenburg
Albert I of Habsburg (German: Albrecht I) (July 1255 – May 1, 1308) was King of the Romans, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg.
He was the founder of the great house of Habsburg invested with the duchies of Austria and Styria, together with his brother Rudolph II, in 1282. In 1283 his father entrusted him with their sole government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success. Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, and on his death in 1291, the princes, fearing Albert’s power, chose Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg as king. A rising among his Swabian dependents compelled Albert to recognize the sovereignty of his rival, and to confine himself for a time to the government of the Habsburg territories.
He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised. In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolf. The armies of the rival kings met at the Battle of Göllheim near Worms, where Adolf was defeated and slain. Submitting to a new election but securing the support of several influential princes by making extensive promises, he was chosen at Frankfurt on July 27, 1298, and crowned at Aachen on August 24.
Albert married Elisabeth, daughter of Meinhard II, count of Gorizia and Tyrol, who was a descendant of the Babenberg margraves of Austria who predated the Habsburgs’ rule. The baptismal name Leopold, patron saint margrave of Austria, was given to one of their sons. Elisabeth was in fact better connected to mighty German rulers than her husband: a descendant of earlier kings, for example Emperor Henry IV, she was also a niece of dukes of Bavaria, Austria’s important neighbors.
Although a hard, stern man, Albert had a keen sense of justice when his own interests were not involved, and few of the German kings possessed so practical an intelligence. He encouraged the cities, and not content with issuing proclamations against private war, formed alliances with the princes in order to enforce his decrees. The serfs, whose wrongs seldom attracted notice in an age indifferent to the claims of common humanity, found a friend in this severe monarch, and he protected even the despised and persecuted Jews. Stories of his cruelty and oppression in the Swiss cantons did not appear until the 16th century, and are now regarded as legendary.
Albert sought to play an important part in European affairs. He seemed at first inclined to press a quarrel with France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of Pope Boniface VIII to recognize his election led him to change his policy, and, in 1299, he made a treaty with Philip IV of France, by which his son Rudolph was to marry Blanche, a daughter of the French king. He afterwards became estranged from Philip, but in 1303, Boniface recognized him as German king and future emperor; in return, Albert recognized the authority of the pope alone to bestow the imperial crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without papal consent.
Albert had failed in his attempt to seize Holland and Zeeland, as vacant fiefs of the Empire, on the death of Count John I in 1299, but in 1306 he secured the crown of Bohemia for his son Rudolph on the death of King Wenceslaus III. He also renewed the claim made by his predecessor, Adolf, on Thuringia, and interfered in a quarrel over the succession to the Hungarian throne. His attack on Thuringia ended in his defeat at Lucka in 1307 and, in the same year, the death of his son Rudolph weakened his position in eastern Europe. His action in abolishing all tolls established on the Rhine since 1250, led the Rhenish archbishops and the count palatine of the Rhine to form a league against him. Aided by the towns, however, he soon crushed the rising.
He was on the way to suppress a revolt in Swabia when he was murdered on May 1, 1308, at Windisch on the Reuss River, by his nephew John of Swabia, afterwards called “the Parricide” or “John Parricida”, whom he had deprived of his inheritance.
Titles
Albert, by the grace of God king of the Romans, duke of Austria and Styria, lord of Carniola, over the Wendish Mark and of Port Naon, count of Habsburg and Kyburg, landgrave of Alsace
Family
Albert and his wife Elizabeth had twelve children:
Rudolph III (ca. 1282 – 4 July 1307, Horažďovice), Married but line extinct and predeceased his father.
Frederick I (1289 – 13 January 1330, Gutenstein). Married but line extinct.
Leopold I (4 August 1290 – 28 February 1326, Strassburg). Married, had issue.
Albert II (12 December 1298, Vienna – 20 July 1358, Vienna).
Heinrich (1299 – 3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Married but line extinct.
Meinhard, 1300 died young.
Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna – 26 February 1339, Vienna). Married but line extinct.
Anna 1280?, Vienna – 19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
in Graz ca. 1295 to Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel;
in Breslau 1310 to Duke Henry VI the Good.
Agnes (18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
Catherine (1295 – 18 January 1323, Naples), married Charles, Duke of Calabria in 1316.
Jutta (d. 1329), married Ludwig V, Count of Öttingen in Baden, 26 March 1319.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Albert I of Germany 16. Albert III, Count of Habsburg 8. Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg 17. Ida von Pfullendorf 4. Albert IV, Count of Habsburg 18. Gottfried von Staufen 9. Agnes of Staufen 2. Rudolph I of Germany 20. Hartmann III, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen 10. Ulrich, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen 21. Richenza von Lenzburg 5. Heilwig of Kiburg 22. Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen 11. Anna von Zähringen 23. Heilwig of Frohburg 1. Albert I of Germany 24. Burckhard III, Count of Hohenburg 12. Burckhard IV, Count of Hohenburg 6. Burckhard V, Count of Hohenburg 3. Gertrude of Hohenburg 28. Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen 14. Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen 29. Mechtild of Gleiberg, Countess of Giessen 7. Mechtild of Tübingen 30. Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg 15. unnamed 31. Udilhild of Gammertingen [edit] References and external linksWikimedia Commons has media related to: Albert I of Habsburg
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Albert I of Germany
House of Habsburg
Born: 1255 Died: 1308German royaltyRegnal titlesPreceded by
AdolfKing of Germany(formally King of the Romans)
1298–1308Succeeded by
Henry VIIMargrave of Meißen
1298–1307
With: Dietrich II (1291–1307)Friedrich I (1291–1323)Succeeded by
Friedrich IIPreceded by
King Rudolph IDuke of Austria and Styria
1282–1308
With: Rudolph II (1282–83)Rudolph III (1298–1307)Succeeded by
Frederick III the Fairand Leopold I
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 84
|
https://www.academia.edu/24323330/Silver_Pfennigs_and_Small_Silver_Coins_of_Europe_in_the_Middle_Ages
|
en
|
Silver Pfennigs and Small Silver Coins of Europe in the Middle Ages
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
[
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/44659437/mini_magick20180819-3076-t3p8n3.png?1534714906",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/39647136/15255646/15924115/s65_david.ruckser.jpg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"David P Ruckser",
"independent.academia.edu"
] |
2016-04-12T00:00:00
|
A nice beginner's book!
|
https://www.academia.edu/24323330/Silver_Pfennigs_and_Small_Silver_Coins_of_Europe_in_the_Middle_Ages
|
CHAPTERS' ABSTRACTS 1) From the ritual uses of coins to their creation as relics. The book and particularly this chapter involves thoughts on the life of coins as objects, and on the very nature of money and its origin: economic historians may be interested in seeing how the price of blood became materialized as relics in medieval and modern Europe. Coins as relics are one aspect of the ritual and devotional use of coins. Both archaeological and written evidence forms the basis for the discussion; from funerary contexts to foundations of buildings, offerings to altars, saints, shrines and sacred springs. The narrative focuses on the actors who at different times and places made use of the coins providing them of a biography expanding from the usual monetary one into one more connected to relation with the supernatural. The ongoing scholarly debate on this topic is rich and lively at present, and a full account of recent “Christian materiality” research is provided. 2) The coins of St Helena: objects of devotion before the invention of the Thirty Pieces of Silver. The recent understanding of the role of the ‘coins of St Helena’ has been crucial to detect the extent of devotional uses of coins in medieval Europe. A coin of St Helena was described by pilgrims among the relics in Rhodes in the late fourteenth century, before being replaced by one specimen of the Thirty Pieces of Silver. They were usually Byzantine coins misread by devotional intentions. Their popularity in the late middle ages and later is proved by a papal bull of 1587 which transformed into relics with indulgence the 125 Byzantine gold coins of a hoard found in excavations in Rome, Lateran, some of which are still kept in churches in Milan, Florence, Arezzo and Bologna, and more are recorded in Italy and elsewhere. 3) Judas, the Priests and the Thirty Pieces of Silver. Who was Judas? How did he transform himself from one of the closest disciple of Christ to his traitor? This chapter deals with the interpretations of Judas across time. It underlines the crucial shift of the Christian view of Jews: at first ‘just’ infidels, becoming at the time of the Crusades Christ’s killers. Judas figure became then more and more negative and a medieval legend portrayed him in ever grotesque ways. His connections and perceptions of money and wealth are considered from the Gospels to the writings of medieval Church Fathers. Was he really so greedy? We can observe that, quite unusually for a money minded person, he did not negotiate the price of Christ with the priest. He asked them what they were prepared to offer; they said thirty pieces of silver; he just accepted. He can thus be defined a most inept merchant, ad he is made say that by himself with the words in some version of the medieval legend of his life and afterlife. 4) The legend of the Thirty Pieces of Silver: from hagiographic tale to coin relics. The medieval legend of the Thirty Pieces had these coins first struck by Abraham’s father and then used in most Biblical transactions, including the gifts of the three wise men (the Magi). Mary lost them and the coins ended up in the treasure of the Temple of Jerusalem, to be given to Judas. When Judas returned them to the priests, the coins had become “price of blood” and could not be put back in the treasury. Instead, the priests used them to buy the potter’s field (Matthew 27, 7: “And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to bury strangers in”). In the 1480s the Dominican friar Felix Fabri, in his Evagatorium in Terram Sanctam (‘diary of his journey to the Holy Land’) reported the legend and considered that once in the potter’s hands the coins were dispersed in the world (et hoc pacto dispersi sunt ab invicem per mundum). The fatal sum of money which had been indivisible and compact until the completion of its destiny, finally became divisible and fragmented into thirty individual coins. In this way the status of the coins related to the Thirty Pieces of silver changed and they were transformed into relics of the Passion in medieval and modern Europe. 5) The Thirty Pieces of Silver depicted as instruments of the Passion. This chapter contains an extensive analysis of how the Thirty Pieces of Silver were depicted in art in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, with some later appearence. They are seen as part of the instruments of the Passions (with the cross, the nails, the column of the flagellation, etc.) in the setting of images of Christ as Man of Sorrows and of the Mass of St Gregory (here the living figure of Christ appears on the altar where Pope Gregory the Great celebrates mass). Both types of images were usually of indulgential nature, so that contemplating each step of the Passion would help the devout to relive it and do penance. The coins are illustrated in various ways: in Italy the are often seen as a transaction taking place (a hans passing the coins into another hand); the sum can also be figured as a bag: north of the Alps the entire sum is represented with the thirty coins all described so that the devout would count them all, reflecting on the perfidy of greed and of Judas. This sort of inventory has never before been attempted. 6) The Thirty Pieces of Silver as relics. This chapter reveals the appearance of the documented specimens, still existing or at least described. The first one was ‘created’ as relic in c.1300: a Syracusan silver decadrachm framed in gold with the inscription ‘since it is the price of blood’ (QVIA PRECIVM SANGVINIS EST). It surfaced in the market in the nineteenth century and is now in the Hunt Museum, Limerick. The most frequent type of relic of the Thirty Pieces is of the ancient mint of Rhodes (c. fourth to second centuries BC). The specimen in the island of Rhodes is recorded since 1395 and was seen by many pilgrims who described it in detail from 1413 to the late fifteenth century: the Knights used their coin relic by distributing wax casts to the devout during the liturgy of Good Friday. The also permitted visitors to take their own casts of the relic which then used to make silver reproductions produced by goldsmiths once returned home from the pilgrimage. Similar Rhodian specimens in Rome, Oviedo, Paris and Malta were made the object of Antiquarian studies since the sixteenth century, with discussion of their authenticity. The specimens appear in different sources spread from Valencia, Spain, to Uppsala, Sweden, and Russia, in number of over 50 coins. The most impressive one is kept in a reliquary in Nin, Croatia, documented in 1412. This book will open the path to the discovery of more specimens, either as existing relics in altars and shrines in churches, or listed in inventories of lost relics. 7) The Thirty Pieces of Silver as Jewish shekels. In the sixteenth century Antiquarian and Biblical studies provided a better understanding of Hebrew and ancient Jewish coins. Scholars started to rejects the assumption that ancient silver coins of Rhodes could have been paid as the ‘price of blood’ and suggested that Jewish shekel must have been used instead. This line of thought was developed in Germany and Eastern Europe, brought forward by the Reformation and often coincides with the intensification of anti-Judaic attitudes. The fist representation of the Thirty Pieces of shekel type appears on a painting at the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, once attributed to Lucas van Leyden: it can be dated to c. 1520s and instead of authetic jewish shekel it reproduces a alse type bearing a cencer instead of a cup or omer, 8) Through the eyes of the Antiquarian and those of the Devout. Identification and debate since the sixteenth century. This chapter explores how debates on the Thirty Pieces developed, investigating whether that sum was large or small, whether the coins had to be Judean, Roman or Rhodian coins. Debate involves particularly the value of the potter’s field, therefore questioning whether that field was large and worthy, or small and inexpensive. Catholic scholars are seen protecting the authenticity of their coin relics, where Protestant scholars were depriving those coins of any value. The subject is followed all the way to the beginning of the new millennium, when the specimen in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome, until recently still preserved, was declared ‘dismissed and discarded’ by official Church authorities. 9) Conclusion: ancient and modern legends, coin relics and the nature of money. The chapter brings together the theories and interpretations put forward by classicists, medieval art historians or historians of medieval economic thought. The main conclusion is the importance of money, and how the ‘price of blood’ became materialized in medieval and modern Europe not just in single coin relics, but in a monumental relic in Rome. It is the very stone where the Thirty Pieces of Silver were counted to Judas, and this stone stands on four columns which equal the measure of the body of Christ, with a height of 178 cm. Measure of the prize of Christ accepted by Judas, and physical measure of Christ himself. APPENDIX 1 LISTS ALL SPECIMENS DOCUMENTED SO FAR APPENDIX 2 BY FRANCESCO D'ANGELO HAS 'Collection of sources on the Thirty Pieces of Silver'
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 72
|
https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/History/Germany/Person/Albert-With-the-Pigtail-Habsburg-III-Duke-Austria-1349-1395.html
|
en
|
Biography of Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria 1349-1395
|
[
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ICONS/AroundMe.png",
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ICONS/Search.png",
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ICONS/HomePage.jpg",
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ARMS/ARMS_SMALL/Luxemburg.png",
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ARMS/ARMS_SMALL/Luxemburg.png",
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ARMS/ARMS_SMALL/Wittelsbach.png",
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ARMS/ARMS_SMALL/Luxemburg.png",
"https://www.twentytrees.co.uk/_ARMS/ARMS_SMALL/Wittelsbach.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Albert \"With the Pigtail\" Habsburg III Duke Austria 1349-1395"
] | null |
[] | null |
Biography of Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria 1349-1395 including his birth, marriages, death and life events, life events of his siblings, and his ancestry to five generations, royal ancestors and royal descendants.
|
en
| null |
On 28 Feb 1326 [his uncle] Leopold Habsburg I Duke Austria 1290-1326 (age 35) died. His brother [his father] Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria 1298-1358 (age 27) succeeded II Duke Austria.
On 09 Sep 1349 Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria was born to Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria 1298-1358 (age 50) and .
On 16 Aug 1358 [his father] Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria 1298-1358 (age 59) died. His son [his brother] Rudolph Habsburg IV Duke Austria 1339-1365 (age 18) succeeded IV Duke Austria.
On 10 Dec 1362 [his brother] Frederick Habsburg III Duke Austria 1347-1362 (age 15) died. His brother Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria (age 13) succeeded III Duke Austria.
After 19 Mar 1366 Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria (age 16) and Elizabeth Bohemia Duchess Austria were married. She by marriage Duchess Austria. She the daughter of Charles IV King Bohemia Holy Roman Emperor Luxemburg (age 49) and . He the son of Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria 1298-1358 and . They were second cousin once removed.
On 13 Mar 1372 [his brother-in-law] Charles Bohemia was born to [his father-in-law] Charles IV King Bohemia Holy Roman Emperor Luxemburg (age 55) and (age 25). On 24 Jul 1373 Charles Bohemia (age 1) died.
On 27 Jun 1374 Rupert King Germany 1352-1410 (age 22) and [his future sister-in-law] Elisabeth Hohenzollern (age 16) were married at Amberg. She the daughter of Frederick Hohenzollern V Burgrave Nuremburg 1333-1398 (age 41).
In 1375 Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria (age 25) and Beatrix Hohenzollern Duchess Austria 1362-1414 (age 13) were married at Vienna. She by marriage Duchess Austria. She the daughter of Frederick Hohenzollern V Burgrave Nuremburg 1333-1398 (age 41). He the son of Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria 1298-1358 and .
In 1377 [his brother-in-law] Henry Bohemia was born to [his father-in-law] Charles IV King Bohemia Holy Roman Emperor Luxemburg (age 60) and (age 30). In 1378 Henry Bohemia (age 1) died.
On 19 Sep 1377 [his son] Albert Habsburg IV Duke Austria 1377-1404 was born to Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria (age 28) and [his wife] Beatrix Hohenzollern Duchess Austria 1362-1414 (age 15).
On 24 Apr 1390 [his son] Albert Habsburg IV Duke Austria 1377-1404 (age 12) and [his daughter-in-law] Joanna Sophia Wittelsbach Duchess Austria 1373-1410 (age 17) were married at Vienna. She by marriage Duchess Austria. She the daughter of Albert Wittelsbach I Duke Bavaria (age 53) and Margaret Silesia. He the son of Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria 1349-1395 (age 40) and Beatrix Hohenzollern Duchess Austria 1362-1414 (age 28). They were third cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
After 10 May 1392 [his sister-in-law] Anna Hohenzollern (age 28) died.
On 29 Aug 1395 Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria (age 45) died. His son [his son] Albert Habsburg IV Duke Austria 1377-1404 (age 17) succeeded IV Duke Austria.
On 10 Jun 1414 [his former wife] Beatrix Hohenzollern Duchess Austria 1362-1414 (age 52) died at Perchtoldsdorf.
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 7
|
https://gw.geneanet.org/comrade28%3Flang%3Den%26n%3Dempire%26p%3Dking%2Brudolf%2Bi%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bholy%2Broman
|
en
|
Navigation inhabituelle
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Leader de la généalogie en France et en Europe : publiez votre arbre généalogique et recherchez vos ancêtres dans la première base de données généalogique.
|
fr
|
https://geneacdn.net/favicon.ico
|
Geneanet
|
https://gw.geneanet.org/bots/firewall?cause=suspicious_ip
|
Il semblerait que vous ayez désactivé Javascript
Vous avez désactivé Javascript : son utilisation est indispensable au fonctionnement de nombreux sites, dont Geneanet. Si vous voulez pouvoir utiliser normalement le site, merci de vouloir réactiver Javascript dans les options de votre navigateur.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 31
|
https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/Emperor-RudolfIvonHabsburgHolyRoman-I35076.htm
|
en
|
Rudolf I von Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor
|
[
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/collapse.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/collapse2.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/gender_M.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/svg.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_L.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_L.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_L.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_L.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_I.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_T.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/line_L.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/gender_F.gif",
"https://familytrees.genopro.com/azrael/2582920/images/gender_F.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"",
"Emperor family and ancestry"
] | null |
[] | null |
Pedigree report of Rudolf I von Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor, son of Albrecht IV "The Wise" Count of Habsburg and Hedwige of Kyburg, born on May 1st, 1218 in Limburg-im-Breisgau, Germany. Rudolf I von Habsburg Holy Roman had a wife named Gertrude von Hohenberg and two children named Mathilde von, Gutta von.
| null |
Rudolf I von Habsburg Holy Roman was born on May 1st, 1218 in Limburg-im-Breisgau, Germany. Rudolf I von Habsburg Holy Roman's father was Albrecht IV "The Wise" Count of Habsburg and his mother was Hedwige of Kyburg. His paternal grandparents were Rudolf II Count of Habsburg and Agnes von Staufen; his maternal grandfather was Ulrich Count of Kyburg. He was an only child. He died at the age of 73 on July 15th, 1291 in Speyer, Germany.
General Notes
Rudolf I, also called Rudolf of Habsburg, first German King of the Habsburg dynasty. [Encyclopedia Britannica]
Ancestor Pedigree Chart
âRudolf I von Habsburg Holy Roman and Gertrude von were married in a religious ceremony about 1245 in 1st wife. They had two daughters named Mathilde von and Gutta von.
Children
Mathilde von Hapsburg
Mathilde von was born about 1251 in Habsburg, Aargau, Switzerland. She died on December 23rd, 1304 in Munich, Oberbayern, Bavaria.
Gutta von Habsburg
Gutta von was born in Habsburg, Aargau, Switzerland. She died on June 18th, 1297.
Page last modified
|
|||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 64
|
https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/records-search/surnamesdb.php
|
en
|
Records Search
|
[
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/up-to-top-of-page.png?ver=2017-0101",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/headerbg-8.jpg?170108",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ggg-new-header-2017.jpg?170108",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PDF-icon-sm.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PayPal-or-CC.png?v=2",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PDF-icon-sm.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/donate-heart.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/up-to-top-of-page.png?ver=2017-0101",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/icon_DOC_24x24.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/icon_PDF_24x24.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/img/icons/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?v=Lbb749oXqN
| null |
The German Genealogy Group (GGG) Surname List is a compilation of the surnames submitted by members of the GGG. It may be used to contact other members who are interested in the same surnames or geographic regions (directly contacting other members of the GGG is a Members Only feature).
GGG members should log-in to the Members Area to see the contact information.
German Genealogy Group Members:
All members of the German Genealogy Group are invited to submit a form listing of the surnames they are researching to Eileen Swanberg.<== Click HERE (See the submission forms in the Members Area.) You must be a current member to submit surnames to the list.
Log-in to the Members Area to see the submission form and contact information.
In the Members Area, GGG Members may directly contact other members about surnames found in the Surname List database.
Non-GGG Members:
Non-GGG members may search the Surname List database.
If you find a surname in the list that is of interest to you, send a query to: Eileen Swanberg(<== Click HERE) about that surname, along with the Member number(s) from the search results. She will then forward your query to the GGG member who submitted the surname. That GGG member may then contact you to share whatever information he or she may have regarding that family.
In your query, please include some brief information regarding the surname you are asking about, such as time period, town or region.
People are likely to ignore queries that give only a surname.
Non-GGG members please note: We are sorry, but we are NOT able to do any research on anyone's ancestors. Our service consists solely of forwarding your query on to the GGG member whose matching surname is in our Surname List database. It is up to that GGG member to respond if they wish.
Please note that the Surname (e.g. Last Name) is a required entry field. But since exact spellings are not always known, to aid your search we offer three different ways to specify Surnames...
Exact Match ("is exactly") - This is the default surname search method.
Soundex ("sounds like") - This option enables you to specify a surname spelling it out as best you can, and it will return results that "sound" similar to what you spelled out.
Wild Card - With this option you can replace part of the surname with a * to match any number of letters, or _ to match a single letter. So for example, Sch* will return all names starting with Sch. Similarly, Schl_tz might return results such as Schlitz or Schlotz.
Note that Exact Match searches for names containing oe will not also find names with ö, and other similar common substitutions. Either do your search for both spellings, or use a Wild Card search.
For whichever of the above surname search options you would like to use, simply select the appropriate radio button option below the Surname input field on the form.
If you find a surname match, see the "About Database (Surname List)" page to see how to contact that GGG Member.
Only GGG Members can submit a "Data Correction" for their own surnames.
You can search by Surname OR by Germany Area (NOT BOTH)
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 66
|
http://socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/worldhistory/germany-alberti.htm
|
en
|
Albert I: King of Germany
|
[
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/Kidslogo.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-us.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-history.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-economics.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-geography.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-currentevents.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-cultures.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-sports.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/tab-elsewhere.jpg",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/colorbar.gif",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/facebooklogo.jpg",
"http://twitter-badges.s3.amazonaws.com/follow_bird-c.png",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/colorbar.gif",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/germany-alberti.png",
"http://www.google.com/images/poweredby_transparent/poweredby_FFFFFF.gif",
"http://cdn-0.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/Hotchalk_GlamFamily_130x90.gif",
"http://c.statcounter.com/11806124/0/afe1d454/1/"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Albert I of Germany",
"King Albert I of Germany"
] | null |
[] | null |
Albert I was King of Germany for a decade on either side of the turn of the 14th Century. His reign came to a violent end.
|
en
|
http://socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/worldhistory/germany-alberti.htm
|
Albert I was King of Germany for a decade on either side of the turn of the 14th Century. His reign came to a violent end.
He was born in July 1255 in Rheinfelden. His father was the eventual King Rudolf I, and his mother was Gertrude of Hohenberg.
When Albert was born, no one sat on the German throne. King Conrad IV had died the year before, and it took Rudolf nearly two decades to consolidate his power. He was crowned in 1273.
That very next year, Albert married Elizabeth of Carinthia. They had 12 children, 11 of whom lived into adulthood: Anna (1280), Agnes (1281), Rudolf (1282), Frederick (1289), Leopold (1290), Catherine (1295), Albert (1298), Henry the Gentle (1299), Otto (1301), and Elizabeth and Gutta (birth years uncertain).
Rudolf had for years sought to have Albert co-crowned King of Germany, as had happened for several previous rulers, but the German nobles wouldn't agree. When Rudolf died, in 1291, the prince-electors chose as their next monarch not Albert but Adolf, Count of Nassau. Albert, lacking support, had to go along.
Adolf did not endear himself to his people, however, and further alienated many people by getting involved in an internal struggle in Thuringia. Meanwhile, more and more princes threw in their lot with Albert, who raised an army and, in 1298, challenged Adolf to battle. The then-king agreed, and the result was the Battle of Göllheim, which resulted in a victory for Albert and the death of Adolf. The prince-electors then chose Albert to be King of Germany, and he was so crowned at Aachen Cathedral on August 24.
Albert inherited Adolf's mistrust toward the French monarch, King Philip IV. Adolf had gone so far as to enter into an alliance with England's King Edward I to fight against France. The opposition of Pope Boniface VIII, punctuated by a threat of excommunication, to such an endeavor was enough for Adolf to decide against fighting. That same pope came out publicly against the election of Albert as German monarch, and so Albert, in an attempt to make amends, not only rejected any further talk of war but also strove to endear France to him, in 1299 signing a treaty and offering his son Rudolf as a husband to Philip's sister Blanche. That arrangement held, and the pope gave Albert his blessing in 1303.
Albert looked closer to home to press his advantage, installing his son Rudolf as King of Bohemia when the popular Wenceslaus III died, in 1306. Albert also followed in his father's footsteps in wading into the still burning situation in Thuringia. Albert found defeat at the Battle of Lucka in 1307.
Like several of his predecessors, Albert suffered from a lack of support among the many German princes and nobles. One such was his nephew Duke John, who intercepted Albert on his way to put down a revolt in Swabia and killed the king, at Windisch on the Reuss, on May 1, 1308.
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 33
|
https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p617.htm
|
en
|
Ancestors & Cousins: Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner (over 193,000 names).
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Children
Ruprecht von der Pfalz2 b. 20 Feb 1375, d. 25 Jan 1397
Margareta von der Pfalz+ b. Jun 1376, d. 26 Aug 1434
Friedrich von der Pfalz4 b. c 1377, d. 7 Mar 1401
Ludwig III, Elector von der Pfalz+5,3 b. 23 Jan 1378, d. 30 Dec 1436
Agnes von der Pfalz2 b. 1379, d. 12 Feb 1404
Elisabeth von der Pfalz+2 b. b 27 Oct 1381, d. 31 Dec 1409
Johann, Pfalzgraf am Rhein-Neumarkt+2 b. c 1383, d. 13 Mar 1443
Stephen, Pfalzgraf am Rhein zu Simmern & Zweibrucken+2 b. c 13 Jun 1385, d. 14 Feb 1459
Otto, Pfalzgraf of the Rhein zu Mosbach & Neumarkt+2 b. 24 Aug 1387, d. 5 Jul 1461
Children
Anna von Rhein+ b. 1346, d. 30 Nov 1415
Friedrich von Rhein3 b. 1347
Johann von Rhein3 b. 1349
Mechtild von Rhein3 b. 1350, d. a 2 Oct 1413
Elizabeth von Rhein3 b. c 1351, d. a 4 Jul 1360
Ruprecht III, Emperor of Germany, Elector Palatine+ b. 5 May 1352, d. 18 May 1410
Adolf von Rhein3 b. 1355, d. 1 May 1358
Children
Anna von Rhein+ b. 1346, d. 30 Nov 1415
Friedrich von Rhein3 b. 1347
Johann von Rhein3 b. 1349
Mechtild von Rhein3 b. 1350, d. a 2 Oct 1413
Elizabeth von Rhein3 b. c 1351, d. a 4 Jul 1360
Ruprecht III, Emperor of Germany, Elector Palatine+ b. 5 May 1352, d. 18 May 1410
Adolf von Rhein3 b. 1355, d. 1 May 1358
Children
Eleanora of Sicily+ b. 1325, d. 20 Apr 1375
Beatrix of Sicily+ b. 1326, d. 12 Oct 1365
Friedrich III 'the Simple', King of Sicily, Duke of Athens & Neopatras+ b. 1 Sep 1341, d. 27 Jul 1377
Blanche of Sicily b. c 1342, d. bt 1372 - 19 Jun 1373
Children
Eleanora of Sicily+ b. 1325, d. 20 Apr 1375
Beatrix of Sicily+ b. 1326, d. 12 Oct 1365
Friedrich III 'the Simple', King of Sicily, Duke of Athens & Neopatras+2 b. 1 Sep 1341, d. 27 Jul 1377
Blanche of Sicily2 b. c 1342, d. bt 1372 - 19 Jun 1373
Children
Ludwig of Bavaria b. 1297, d. 5 Apr 1311
Adolph 'the Simple', Elector Palatine of the Rhine+ b. 27 Sep 1300, d. 29 Jan 1327
Rudolf II 'the Blind', Pfalzgraf am Rhein+ b. 8 Aug 1306, d. 4 Oct 1353
Ruprecht I, Pfalzgraf am Rhein b. 9 Jun 1309, d. 16 Feb 1390
Mechtild of Bavaria+3 b. 1312, d. 25 Nov 1357
Children
Ludwig of Bavaria2 b. 1297, d. 5 Apr 1311
Adolph 'the Simple', Elector Palatine of the Rhine+ b. 27 Sep 1300, d. 29 Jan 1327
Rudolf II 'the Blind', Pfalzgraf am Rhein+2 b. 8 Aug 1306, d. 4 Oct 1353
Ruprecht I, Pfalzgraf am Rhein2 b. 9 Jun 1309, d. 16 Feb 1390
Mechtild of Bavaria+3 b. 1312, d. 25 Nov 1357
Children
Anna of Bavaria5
Rudolf I, Count & Elector Palatine, Duke of Bavaria+ b. 4 Oct 1274, d. 13 Aug 1319
Mathilde of Bavaria+ b. c Dec 1275, d. 28 Mar 1319
Agnes of Bavaria+6 b. c 1277, d. 22 Jul 1345
Ludwig IV, Duke of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Italy & Germany+ b. 1 Apr 1282, d. 11 Oct 1347
Children
Anna of Bavaria4
Rudolf I, Count & Elector Palatine, Duke of Bavaria+ b. 4 Oct 1274, d. 13 Aug 1319
Mathilde of Bavaria+5 b. c Dec 1275, d. 28 Mar 1319
Agnes of Bavaria+ b. c 1277, d. 22 Jul 1345
Ludwig IV, Duke of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Italy & Germany+ b. 1 Apr 1282, d. 11 Oct 1347
Children
Heinrich von Nassau3 b. c 1272
Rupert von Nassau3 b. c 1275, d. 2 Dec 1304
Mathilda of Nassau+ b. c 1280, d. 19 Jun 1323
Adelheid von Nassau3 b. c 1283, d. 26 May 1338
Imagina von Nassau3 b. c 1285
Gerlach I, Graf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein+ b. 1288, d. 1 Jan 1361
Adolf von Nassau3 b. 1292, d. 1294
Walram III von Nassau, Herr zu Wiesbaden, Idstein, & Weilnau3 b. c 1294, d. a 22 Dec 1324
Children
Heinrich von Nassau3 b. c 1272
Rupert von Nassau3 b. c 1275, d. 2 Dec 1304
Mathilda of Nassau+ b. c 1280, d. 19 Jun 1323
Adelheid von Nassau3 b. c 1283, d. 26 May 1338
Imagina von Nassau3 b. c 1285
Gerlach I, Graf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein+ b. 1288, d. 1 Jan 1361
Adolf von Nassau3 b. 1292, d. 1294
Walram III von Nassau, Herr zu Wiesbaden, Idstein, & Weilnau3 b. c 1294, d. a 22 Dec 1324
Children
Heinrich, Graf von Isenburg-Limburg6 d. 15 Jan 1280
Johann I, Graf von Isenburg-Limburg+ d. 1 Oct 1312
Gerlach von Greifenstein7
Agnes von Isenburg+4 b. c 1253, d. a 1319
Imogene von Limburg+ b. c 1259, d. c 28 Sep 1318
Children
Mathilda von Habsburg+ b. c 1253, d. 23 Dec 1304
Albert I, Duke of Austria, Emperor of Germany+ b. Jul 1255, d. 1 May 1308
Katharina von Habsburg+ b. 1256, d. 4 Apr 1282
Agnes von Habsburg+ b. c 1257, d. 11 Oct 1322
Hedwig von Habsburg3 b. c 1260, d. bt 26 Jan 1285 - 27 Oct 1286
Klementia von Habsburg+4,5 b. c 1262, d. a 7 Feb 1293
Hartmann von Habsburg3 b. 1263, d. 21 Dec 1281
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria & Swabia, Landgraf of Alsace & Aargau8,3 b. 1270, d. 10 May 1290
Judith of Habsburg+ b. 13 Mar 1271, d. 18 Jun 1297
Karl von Habsburg3 b. 14 Feb 1276, d. 16 Aug 1285
Children
Mathilda von Habsburg+ b. c 1253, d. 23 Dec 1304
Albert I, Duke of Austria, Emperor of Germany+ b. Jul 1255, d. 1 May 1308
Katharina von Habsburg+4 b. 1256, d. 4 Apr 1282
Agnes von Habsburg+ b. c 1257, d. 11 Oct 1322
Hedwig von Habsburg b. c 1260, d. bt 26 Jan 1285 - 27 Oct 1286
Klementia von Habsburg+5 b. c 1262, d. a 7 Feb 1293
Hartmann von Habsburg4 b. 1263, d. 21 Dec 1281
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria & Swabia, Landgraf of Alsace & Aargau b. 1270, d. 10 May 1290
Judith of Habsburg+ b. 13 Mar 1271, d. 18 Jun 1297
Karl von Habsburg4 b. 14 Feb 1276, d. 16 Aug 1285
Children
Agnes of Bavaria3 d. c 7 Dec 1306
Elizabeth von Wittelsbach+ b. c 1227, d. 9 Oct 1273
Ludwig II, Duke of Bavaria, Count & Elector Palatine+ b. 13 Apr 1229, d. 2 Feb 1294
Heinrich I, Duke of Lower Bavaria+ b. 19 Nov 1235, d. 3 Feb 1290
Sophie of Bavaria+ b. c Dec 1236, d. 9 Aug 1289
Children
Agnes of Bavaria2 d. c 7 Dec 1306
Elizabeth von Wittelsbach+ b. c 1227, d. 9 Oct 1273
Ludwig II, Duke of Bavaria, Count & Elector Palatine+ b. 13 Apr 1229, d. 2 Feb 1294
Heinrich I, Duke of Lower Bavaria+ b. 19 Nov 1235, d. 3 Feb 1290
Sophie of Bavaria+2 b. c Dec 1236, d. 9 Aug 1289
Children
Sophie of Bohemia+ d. 25 Mar 1195
Helena of Bohemia
Wratislaw of Bohemia4 d. 1180
Olga of Bohemia4 d. a 21 Jul 1163
Margarete of Bohemia4 d. 28 Jul 1183
Ludomilla of Bohemia+ b. 1170, d. 5 Aug 1240
Children
Heinrich II, Count Palatine of the Rhine4 b. c 1196, d. 1 May 1214
Irmgard of Saxony+5 b. c 1200, d. 24 Feb 1260
Agnes of Saxony+ b. c 1201, d. 16 Nov 1267
Children
Heinrich II, Count Palatine of the Rhine2 b. c 1196, d. 1 May 1214
Irmgard of Saxony+ b. c 1200, d. 24 Feb 1260
Agnes of Saxony+ b. c 1201, d. 16 Nov 1267
Children
Friedrich of Lorraine3 d. b 3 Sep 1189
Konrad of Lorraine3 d. c 1186
Agnes of Swabia+ b. 1176, d. 9 May 1204
Children
Heinrich of Saxony6 d. 1 Nov
Gertrude of Saxony b. c 1155, d. 1 Jun 1197
Richenza I of Saxony b. c 1158, d. 1 Feb 1168
|
||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 21
|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76956
|
en
|
Rudolph I of Germany
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg/220px-Rudolph_I_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rudolf_von_Habsburg_Speyer.jpg/220px-Rudolf_von_Habsburg_Speyer.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rudolf_Speyerer_Dom.JPG/220px-Rudolf_Speyerer_Dom.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Shield_and_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28c.1200-c.1300%29.svg/220px-Shield_and_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_%28c.1200-c.1300%29.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
count of Habsburg, king of Germany (1218-1291)
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikidata.png
|
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76956
|
count of Habsburg, king of Germany (1218-1291)
Rudolf I
Rudolf of Habsburg
Rudolf IV.
Rudolfus I
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 38
|
https://www.mediastorehouse.com/galleries/rudolf
|
en
|
Rudolf Collection
|
[
"https://monitor.fraudblocker.com/fbt.gif?sid=cnYdtc-59XGDbdNoyi6Mq",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/templates/printstore/2424/images/framed-prints-and-wall-art.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/nureyev-rudolf-8267125.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/nureyev-rudolf-8267125.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/morning-ride-beach-1876-anton-mauve-1838-188-14334158.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/morning-ride-beach-1876-anton-mauve-1838-188-14334158.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-archduke-austria-617224.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-archduke-austria-617224.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hungarian-grand-prix-616737.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hungarian-grand-prix-616737.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/kepler-rudolf-ii-584110.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/kepler-rudolf-ii-584110.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/731/first-goetheanum-south-view-dornach-14885248.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/731/first-goetheanum-south-view-dornach-14885248.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/general-rudolf-von-metz-entering-jaroslau-7187335.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/general-rudolf-von-metz-entering-jaroslau-7187335.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/497/rudolph-valentino-1895-1926-american-6247376.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/497/rudolph-valentino-1895-1926-american-6247376.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/varieties-bats-23200418.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/varieties-bats-23200418.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/social-vienna-ball-1881-4346476.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/social-vienna-ball-1881-4346476.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/barbarine-first-climbed-1905-germany-11584885.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/barbarine-first-climbed-1905-germany-11584885.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/waifs-strays-society-ad-8200303.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/waifs-strays-society-ad-8200303.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/497/son-sheik-1926-film-poster-6253277.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/497/son-sheik-1926-film-poster-6253277.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/sepia-elegans-squid-8607758.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/sepia-elegans-squid-8607758.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/497/rudolph-valentino-1895-1926-american-6189891.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/497/rudolph-valentino-1895-1926-american-6189891.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/weasel-red-panda-bearcat-23200474.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/weasel-red-panda-bearcat-23200474.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/731/lucifer-carries-cain-finite-space-20379552.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/731/lucifer-carries-cain-finite-space-20379552.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/731/lucifer-abandons-cain-fate-etchings-byrons-cain-20379520.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/731/lucifer-abandons-cain-fate-etchings-byrons-cain-20379520.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hans-pape-20032296.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hans-pape-20032296.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/rudolf-i-called-rudolf-habsburg-german-king-38464624.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/rudolf-i-called-rudolf-habsburg-german-king-38464624.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/rudolf-christoph-eucken-enciclopedia-ilustrada-38453368.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/rudolf-christoph-eucken-enciclopedia-ilustrada-38453368.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/708/exhausted-36497096.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/708/exhausted-36497096.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/sperm-whale-cachalot-physeter-macrocephalus-23200594.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/sperm-whale-cachalot-physeter-macrocephalus-23200594.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/shrews-moles-23200444.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/shrews-moles-23200444.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/malay-girl-hair-tied-carrying-baskets-yoke-23200356.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/malay-girl-hair-tied-carrying-baskets-yoke-23200356.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/kamehameha-i-king-hawaii-naba-leba-queen-solor-23200340.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/kamehameha-i-king-hawaii-naba-leba-queen-solor-23200340.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/mlle-marguerite-georges-french-actress-23200292.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/mlle-marguerite-georges-french-actress-23200292.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/172/picture-no-12480225-18904748.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/172/picture-no-12480225-18904748.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/baron-munchausen-towed-air-ducks-18075459.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/baron-munchausen-towed-air-ducks-18075459.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/708/christmas-reindeer-33834250.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/708/christmas-reindeer-33834250.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/poster-hungarian-release-metropolis-33083624.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/poster-hungarian-release-metropolis-33083624.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/708/marina-bay-sands-32524400.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/708/marina-bay-sands-32524400.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/etched-bookplate-design-32243678.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/etched-bookplate-design-32243678.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/music-cover-huguette-waltz-vagabond-king-32236976.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/music-cover-huguette-waltz-vagabond-king-32236976.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/schleicher-ask-16-g-bcyi-32235662.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/schleicher-ask-16-g-bcyi-32235662.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-ii-state-1612-events-germany-emperor-lies-32216198.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-ii-state-1612-events-germany-emperor-lies-32216198.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/interior-view-salon-castle-obertwaltersdorf-23671650.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/interior-view-salon-castle-obertwaltersdorf-23671650.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/vagabond-king-w-h-post-brian-hooker-23428658.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/vagabond-king-w-h-post-brian-hooker-23428658.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/artist-paints-scenes-amidst-ruins-1940-23423856.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/artist-paints-scenes-amidst-ruins-1940-23423856.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/crown-prince-austria-engraving-23391834.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/crown-prince-austria-engraving-23391834.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/gertrude-anne-hohenberg-queen-king-rudolf-23386104.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/gertrude-anne-hohenberg-queen-king-rudolf-23386104.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/costumes-13th-century-23386100.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/costumes-13th-century-23386100.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/konrad-von-seinsheim-14th-century-armour-23385930.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/konrad-von-seinsheim-14th-century-armour-23385930.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/holy-roman-emperor-rudolf-ii-23380912.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/holy-roman-emperor-rudolf-ii-23380912.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/holy-roman-emperor-maximilian-ii-23380906.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/holy-roman-emperor-maximilian-ii-23380906.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-i-king-germany-23380836.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-i-king-germany-23380836.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/holy-roman-emperor-frederick-ii-23380830.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/holy-roman-emperor-frederick-ii-23380830.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/panorama-vienna-1871-watercolour-paper-23295702.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/690/panorama-vienna-1871-watercolour-paper-23295702.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-valentino-film-monsieur-beaucaire-1924-23219442.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-valentino-film-monsieur-beaucaire-1924-23219442.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-valentino-doris-kenyon-monsieur-beaucaire-23219440.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rudolf-valentino-doris-kenyon-monsieur-beaucaire-23219440.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/barbary-lion-female-panthera-leo-barbaricus-23200602.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/barbary-lion-female-panthera-leo-barbaricus-23200602.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/fin-whale-endangered-bowhead-whale-23200598.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/fin-whale-endangered-bowhead-whale-23200598.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hourglass-dolphin-harbour-porpoise-short-beaked-23200590.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hourglass-dolphin-harbour-porpoise-short-beaked-23200590.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/narwhal-dugong-vulnerable-23200584.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/narwhal-dugong-vulnerable-23200584.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/aurochs-extinct-american-bison-23200580.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/aurochs-extinct-american-bison-23200580.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/yak-musk-ox-wild-barbary-sheep-extinct-23200576.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/yak-musk-ox-wild-barbary-sheep-extinct-23200576.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/broad-tailed-sheep-merino-sheep-23200574.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/broad-tailed-sheep-merino-sheep-23200574.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/cashmere-goat-walia-ibex-bezoar-ibex-23200566.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/cashmere-goat-walia-ibex-bezoar-ibex-23200566.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/alpine-ibex-domestic-goat-23200564.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/alpine-ibex-domestic-goat-23200564.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/chamois-roan-antelope-23200560.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/chamois-roan-antelope-23200560.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rhim-gazelle-arabian-oryx-23200558.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/rhim-gazelle-arabian-oryx-23200558.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/nilgai-black-wildebeest-23200554.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/nilgai-black-wildebeest-23200554.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/bushbuck-common-eland-23200550.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/bushbuck-common-eland-23200550.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/addax-antelope-critically-endangered-23200546.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/addax-antelope-critically-endangered-23200546.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/klipspringer-four-horned-antelope-vulnerable-23200542.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/klipspringer-four-horned-antelope-vulnerable-23200542.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/saiga-antelope-critically-endangered-23200538.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/saiga-antelope-critically-endangered-23200538.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/red-deer-cervus-elaphus-fallow-deer-dama-dama-23200532.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/red-deer-cervus-elaphus-fallow-deer-dama-dama-23200532.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/dromedary-bactrian-camel-critically-endangered-23200528.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/dromedary-bactrian-camel-critically-endangered-23200528.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/plains-zebra-mountain-zebra-23200524.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/plains-zebra-mountain-zebra-23200524.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/lioness-cubs-trainer-panthera-leo-23200520.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/lioness-cubs-trainer-panthera-leo-23200520.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/african-wild-dog-spotted-hyena-striped-hyena-23200516.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/african-wild-dog-spotted-hyena-striped-hyena-23200516.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/meerkat-aardwolf-23200512.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/meerkat-aardwolf-23200512.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/dingo-sheepdog-scent-hound-pomeranian-23200506.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/dingo-sheepdog-scent-hound-pomeranian-23200506.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/pointer-dachshund-basset-hound-23200502.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/pointer-dachshund-basset-hound-23200502.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/dog-breeds-including-poodle-chow-pug-23200496.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/dog-breeds-including-poodle-chow-pug-23200496.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/greyhound-bulldog-23200492.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/greyhound-bulldog-23200492.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/newfoundland-dog-st-bernard-dog-23200490.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/newfoundland-dog-st-bernard-dog-23200490.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/striped-skunk-otter-23200484.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/striped-skunk-otter-23200484.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/marten-beech-marten-stoat-23200480.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/marten-beech-marten-stoat-23200480.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hog-badger-sunda-stink-badger-wolverine-23200468.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/hog-badger-sunda-stink-badger-wolverine-23200468.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/kinkajou-south-american-coati-badger-23200466.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/kinkajou-south-american-coati-badger-23200466.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/raccoon-sloth-bear-23200462.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/raccoon-sloth-bear-23200462.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/asian-black-bear-american-black-bear-23200458.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/asian-black-bear-american-black-bear-23200458.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/east-siberian-brown-bear-brown-bear-23200454.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/t/164/east-siberian-brown-bear-brown-bear-23200454.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/templates/printstore/2424/images/framed-prints-and-wall-art.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/icon_facebook.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/icon_pinterest.jpg",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/icon_card.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/reviews-io.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/currency-USD.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/currency-GBP.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/currency-EUR.png",
"https://www.mediastorehouse.com/icons/currency-AUD.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Rudolf Collection of Photo Prints and Gifts"
] | null |
[] | null |
Rudolf Prints From Media Storehouse. Our beautiful Wall Art and Photo Gifts include Framed Prints, Photo Prints, Poster Prints, Canvas Prints, Jigsaw Puzzles, Metal Prints and so much more
|
en
|
Media Storehouse Photo Prints
|
https://www.mediastorehouse.com/galleries/rudolf
|
"Rudolf: A Multifaceted Name with a Rich History" NUREYEV, Rudolf: The legendary ballet dancer who defected from the Soviet Union in 1961 and became one of the greatest male dancers of his time. Archduke Rudolf of Austria: He was the only son of Emperor Franz Joseph I and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire but tragically died in an apparent suicide pact with his mistress Mary Vetsera at Mayerling in 1889. Kepler with Rudolf II: Johannes Kepler, renowned astronomer, worked as mathematician and astrologer for Emperor Rudolf II during the late 16th century. Hungarian Grand Prix: An exciting Formula One race held annually at the Hungaroring circuit near Budapest since 1986. "Morning Ride along the Beach, 1876" by Anton Mauve (1838-188): A beautiful painting depicting a serene scene of someone named Rudolf enjoying a peaceful horse ride by the beach during sunrise. RUDOLPH VALENTINO (1895-1926): An iconic American film actor born in Italy known for his roles in silent films such as "The Sheik. " Seen here alongside his wife, actress and costume designer Natacha Rambova. "The Barbarine": This challenging rock formation was first climbed in Germany back in 1905 by someone named Rudolf – showcasing their adventurous spirit and love for mountaineering. Waifs and Strays Society Advertisement: Perhaps an advertisement featuring a young boy named Rudolf who benefited from this charitable organization's support during difficult times. General Rudolf von Metz entering Jaroslau, Poland, WW1: A historical photograph capturing General von Metz leading troops into Jaroslau during World War I – highlighting bravery amidst conflict. Varieties of bats.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
1
| 76
|
https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/records-search/surnamesdb.php
|
en
|
Records Search
|
[
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/up-to-top-of-page.png?ver=2017-0101",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/headerbg-8.jpg?170108",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ggg-new-header-2017.jpg?170108",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PDF-icon-sm.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PayPal-or-CC.png?v=2",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/PDF-icon-sm.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/donate-heart.png",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/up-to-top-of-page.png?ver=2017-0101",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/icon_DOC_24x24.gif",
"https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/images/icon_PDF_24x24.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/img/icons/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?v=Lbb749oXqN
| null |
The German Genealogy Group (GGG) Surname List is a compilation of the surnames submitted by members of the GGG. It may be used to contact other members who are interested in the same surnames or geographic regions (directly contacting other members of the GGG is a Members Only feature).
GGG members should log-in to the Members Area to see the contact information.
German Genealogy Group Members:
All members of the German Genealogy Group are invited to submit a form listing of the surnames they are researching to Eileen Swanberg.<== Click HERE (See the submission forms in the Members Area.) You must be a current member to submit surnames to the list.
Log-in to the Members Area to see the submission form and contact information.
In the Members Area, GGG Members may directly contact other members about surnames found in the Surname List database.
Non-GGG Members:
Non-GGG members may search the Surname List database.
If you find a surname in the list that is of interest to you, send a query to: Eileen Swanberg(<== Click HERE) about that surname, along with the Member number(s) from the search results. She will then forward your query to the GGG member who submitted the surname. That GGG member may then contact you to share whatever information he or she may have regarding that family.
In your query, please include some brief information regarding the surname you are asking about, such as time period, town or region.
People are likely to ignore queries that give only a surname.
Non-GGG members please note: We are sorry, but we are NOT able to do any research on anyone's ancestors. Our service consists solely of forwarding your query on to the GGG member whose matching surname is in our Surname List database. It is up to that GGG member to respond if they wish.
Please note that the Surname (e.g. Last Name) is a required entry field. But since exact spellings are not always known, to aid your search we offer three different ways to specify Surnames...
Exact Match ("is exactly") - This is the default surname search method.
Soundex ("sounds like") - This option enables you to specify a surname spelling it out as best you can, and it will return results that "sound" similar to what you spelled out.
Wild Card - With this option you can replace part of the surname with a * to match any number of letters, or _ to match a single letter. So for example, Sch* will return all names starting with Sch. Similarly, Schl_tz might return results such as Schlitz or Schlotz.
Note that Exact Match searches for names containing oe will not also find names with ö, and other similar common substitutions. Either do your search for both spellings, or use a Wild Card search.
For whichever of the above surname search options you would like to use, simply select the appropriate radio button option below the Surname input field on the form.
If you find a surname match, see the "About Database (Surname List)" page to see how to contact that GGG Member.
Only GGG Members can submit a "Data Correction" for their own surnames.
You can search by Surname OR by Germany Area (NOT BOTH)
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 79
|
https://www.academia.edu/24323330/Silver_Pfennigs_and_Small_Silver_Coins_of_Europe_in_the_Middle_Ages
|
en
|
Silver Pfennigs and Small Silver Coins of Europe in the Middle Ages
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif
|
[
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/44659437/mini_magick20180819-3076-t3p8n3.png?1534714906",
"https://0.academia-photos.com/39647136/15255646/15924115/s65_david.ruckser.jpg",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png",
"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"David P Ruckser",
"independent.academia.edu"
] |
2016-04-12T00:00:00
|
A nice beginner's book!
|
https://www.academia.edu/24323330/Silver_Pfennigs_and_Small_Silver_Coins_of_Europe_in_the_Middle_Ages
|
CHAPTERS' ABSTRACTS 1) From the ritual uses of coins to their creation as relics. The book and particularly this chapter involves thoughts on the life of coins as objects, and on the very nature of money and its origin: economic historians may be interested in seeing how the price of blood became materialized as relics in medieval and modern Europe. Coins as relics are one aspect of the ritual and devotional use of coins. Both archaeological and written evidence forms the basis for the discussion; from funerary contexts to foundations of buildings, offerings to altars, saints, shrines and sacred springs. The narrative focuses on the actors who at different times and places made use of the coins providing them of a biography expanding from the usual monetary one into one more connected to relation with the supernatural. The ongoing scholarly debate on this topic is rich and lively at present, and a full account of recent “Christian materiality” research is provided. 2) The coins of St Helena: objects of devotion before the invention of the Thirty Pieces of Silver. The recent understanding of the role of the ‘coins of St Helena’ has been crucial to detect the extent of devotional uses of coins in medieval Europe. A coin of St Helena was described by pilgrims among the relics in Rhodes in the late fourteenth century, before being replaced by one specimen of the Thirty Pieces of Silver. They were usually Byzantine coins misread by devotional intentions. Their popularity in the late middle ages and later is proved by a papal bull of 1587 which transformed into relics with indulgence the 125 Byzantine gold coins of a hoard found in excavations in Rome, Lateran, some of which are still kept in churches in Milan, Florence, Arezzo and Bologna, and more are recorded in Italy and elsewhere. 3) Judas, the Priests and the Thirty Pieces of Silver. Who was Judas? How did he transform himself from one of the closest disciple of Christ to his traitor? This chapter deals with the interpretations of Judas across time. It underlines the crucial shift of the Christian view of Jews: at first ‘just’ infidels, becoming at the time of the Crusades Christ’s killers. Judas figure became then more and more negative and a medieval legend portrayed him in ever grotesque ways. His connections and perceptions of money and wealth are considered from the Gospels to the writings of medieval Church Fathers. Was he really so greedy? We can observe that, quite unusually for a money minded person, he did not negotiate the price of Christ with the priest. He asked them what they were prepared to offer; they said thirty pieces of silver; he just accepted. He can thus be defined a most inept merchant, ad he is made say that by himself with the words in some version of the medieval legend of his life and afterlife. 4) The legend of the Thirty Pieces of Silver: from hagiographic tale to coin relics. The medieval legend of the Thirty Pieces had these coins first struck by Abraham’s father and then used in most Biblical transactions, including the gifts of the three wise men (the Magi). Mary lost them and the coins ended up in the treasure of the Temple of Jerusalem, to be given to Judas. When Judas returned them to the priests, the coins had become “price of blood” and could not be put back in the treasury. Instead, the priests used them to buy the potter’s field (Matthew 27, 7: “And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to bury strangers in”). In the 1480s the Dominican friar Felix Fabri, in his Evagatorium in Terram Sanctam (‘diary of his journey to the Holy Land’) reported the legend and considered that once in the potter’s hands the coins were dispersed in the world (et hoc pacto dispersi sunt ab invicem per mundum). The fatal sum of money which had been indivisible and compact until the completion of its destiny, finally became divisible and fragmented into thirty individual coins. In this way the status of the coins related to the Thirty Pieces of silver changed and they were transformed into relics of the Passion in medieval and modern Europe. 5) The Thirty Pieces of Silver depicted as instruments of the Passion. This chapter contains an extensive analysis of how the Thirty Pieces of Silver were depicted in art in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, with some later appearence. They are seen as part of the instruments of the Passions (with the cross, the nails, the column of the flagellation, etc.) in the setting of images of Christ as Man of Sorrows and of the Mass of St Gregory (here the living figure of Christ appears on the altar where Pope Gregory the Great celebrates mass). Both types of images were usually of indulgential nature, so that contemplating each step of the Passion would help the devout to relive it and do penance. The coins are illustrated in various ways: in Italy the are often seen as a transaction taking place (a hans passing the coins into another hand); the sum can also be figured as a bag: north of the Alps the entire sum is represented with the thirty coins all described so that the devout would count them all, reflecting on the perfidy of greed and of Judas. This sort of inventory has never before been attempted. 6) The Thirty Pieces of Silver as relics. This chapter reveals the appearance of the documented specimens, still existing or at least described. The first one was ‘created’ as relic in c.1300: a Syracusan silver decadrachm framed in gold with the inscription ‘since it is the price of blood’ (QVIA PRECIVM SANGVINIS EST). It surfaced in the market in the nineteenth century and is now in the Hunt Museum, Limerick. The most frequent type of relic of the Thirty Pieces is of the ancient mint of Rhodes (c. fourth to second centuries BC). The specimen in the island of Rhodes is recorded since 1395 and was seen by many pilgrims who described it in detail from 1413 to the late fifteenth century: the Knights used their coin relic by distributing wax casts to the devout during the liturgy of Good Friday. The also permitted visitors to take their own casts of the relic which then used to make silver reproductions produced by goldsmiths once returned home from the pilgrimage. Similar Rhodian specimens in Rome, Oviedo, Paris and Malta were made the object of Antiquarian studies since the sixteenth century, with discussion of their authenticity. The specimens appear in different sources spread from Valencia, Spain, to Uppsala, Sweden, and Russia, in number of over 50 coins. The most impressive one is kept in a reliquary in Nin, Croatia, documented in 1412. This book will open the path to the discovery of more specimens, either as existing relics in altars and shrines in churches, or listed in inventories of lost relics. 7) The Thirty Pieces of Silver as Jewish shekels. In the sixteenth century Antiquarian and Biblical studies provided a better understanding of Hebrew and ancient Jewish coins. Scholars started to rejects the assumption that ancient silver coins of Rhodes could have been paid as the ‘price of blood’ and suggested that Jewish shekel must have been used instead. This line of thought was developed in Germany and Eastern Europe, brought forward by the Reformation and often coincides with the intensification of anti-Judaic attitudes. The fist representation of the Thirty Pieces of shekel type appears on a painting at the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, once attributed to Lucas van Leyden: it can be dated to c. 1520s and instead of authetic jewish shekel it reproduces a alse type bearing a cencer instead of a cup or omer, 8) Through the eyes of the Antiquarian and those of the Devout. Identification and debate since the sixteenth century. This chapter explores how debates on the Thirty Pieces developed, investigating whether that sum was large or small, whether the coins had to be Judean, Roman or Rhodian coins. Debate involves particularly the value of the potter’s field, therefore questioning whether that field was large and worthy, or small and inexpensive. Catholic scholars are seen protecting the authenticity of their coin relics, where Protestant scholars were depriving those coins of any value. The subject is followed all the way to the beginning of the new millennium, when the specimen in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome, until recently still preserved, was declared ‘dismissed and discarded’ by official Church authorities. 9) Conclusion: ancient and modern legends, coin relics and the nature of money. The chapter brings together the theories and interpretations put forward by classicists, medieval art historians or historians of medieval economic thought. The main conclusion is the importance of money, and how the ‘price of blood’ became materialized in medieval and modern Europe not just in single coin relics, but in a monumental relic in Rome. It is the very stone where the Thirty Pieces of Silver were counted to Judas, and this stone stands on four columns which equal the measure of the body of Christ, with a height of 178 cm. Measure of the prize of Christ accepted by Judas, and physical measure of Christ himself. APPENDIX 1 LISTS ALL SPECIMENS DOCUMENTED SO FAR APPENDIX 2 BY FRANCESCO D'ANGELO HAS 'Collection of sources on the Thirty Pieces of Silver'
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 7
|
https://gw.geneanet.org/comrade28%3Flang%3Den%26n%3Dempire%26p%3Dking%2Brudolf%2Bi%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bholy%2Broman
|
en
|
Navigation inhabituelle
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Leader de la généalogie en France et en Europe : publiez votre arbre généalogique et recherchez vos ancêtres dans la première base de données généalogique.
|
fr
|
https://geneacdn.net/favicon.ico
|
Geneanet
|
https://gw.geneanet.org/bots/firewall?cause=suspicious_ip
|
Nous observons une navigation inhabituelle sur notre réseau. Merci de bien vouloir remplir le formulaire ci-dessous afin de nous assurer que vous n'êtes pas un robot.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria
|
en
|
List of rulers of Austria
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Archduchy_of_Austria_COA.svg/150px-Archduchy_of_Austria_COA.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Leopold_I_of_Babenberg.jpg/100px-Leopold_I_of_Babenberg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Henry_I%2C_Margrave_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Henry_I%2C_Margrave_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/AdalbertBabenberg.jpg/100px-AdalbertBabenberg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Stift_Heiligenkreuz_-_Babenbergerfenster_3_Ernst.jpg/100px-Stift_Heiligenkreuz_-_Babenbergerfenster_3_Ernst.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Poppo_von_Trier_und_Markgraf_Leopold.png/100px-Poppo_von_Trier_und_Markgraf_Leopold.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Leopold_III_Margrave_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Leopold_III_Margrave_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Adalbert_der_And%C3%A4chtige.jpg/100px-Adalbert_der_And%C3%A4chtige.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Stift_Heiligenkreuz_-_Babenbergerfenster_7_Leopold.jpg/100px-Stift_Heiligenkreuz_-_Babenbergerfenster_7_Leopold.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wien.DukeHeinrichJasomirgott.jpg/100px-Wien.DukeHeinrichJasomirgott.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Leopold_V%2C_Duke_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Leopold_V%2C_Duke_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Herzog_Heinrich_der_Aeltere_von_Moedling.JPG/100px-Herzog_Heinrich_der_Aeltere_von_Moedling.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Fridrich1Bab.jpg/100px-Fridrich1Bab.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Leopold_der_Glorreiche.Rathausplatz.Wien.JPG/100px-Leopold_der_Glorreiche.Rathausplatz.Wien.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Heinrich_der_Grausame.jpg/100px-Heinrich_der_Grausame.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Herzog_Heinrich_der_Juengere_von_Moedling.JPG/100px-Herzog_Heinrich_der_Juengere_von_Moedling.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/HGM_Statue_Herzog_Friedrich_II_der_Streitbare.jpg/100px-HGM_Statue_Herzog_Friedrich_II_der_Streitbare.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gertrud_Erbtochter_von_Babenberg.PNG/100px-Gertrud_Erbtochter_von_Babenberg.PNG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Herman_VI%2C_Margrave_of_Baden.jpg/100px-Herman_VI%2C_Margrave_of_Baden.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Konradin.jpg/100px-Konradin.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Margarete_von_Babenberg.JPG/100px-Margarete_von_Babenberg.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia.jpg/100px-Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Minnigerode-rudolf.JPG/100px-Minnigerode-rudolf.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/AlbrechtI.jpg/100px-AlbrechtI.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/K%C3%B6nig_Rudolf_I._mit_Agnes_von_B%C3%B6hmen.jpg/100px-K%C3%B6nig_Rudolf_I._mit_Agnes_von_B%C3%B6hmen.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Rudolph_III_of_Habsburg.jpg/100px-Rudolph_III_of_Habsburg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Frederick_III_the_Fair.jpg/100px-Frederick_III_the_Fair.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Leopold_I_Habsburg.jpg/100px-Leopold_I_Habsburg.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Albert_II_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Albert_II_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Otto_the_Merry.jpg/100px-Otto_the_Merry.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rudolph_IV_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Rudolph_IV_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Albrecht_Dritte_Habsburg1.jpg/100px-Albrecht_Dritte_Habsburg1.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Leopold_III_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Leopold_III_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wilhelm_Austria.jpg/100px-Wilhelm_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Leopold_IV.jpg/100px-Leopold_IV.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Albrecht_IV.jpg/100px-Albrecht_IV.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Albrecht_II_as_Roman-German_king.jpg/100px-Albrecht_II_as_Roman-German_king.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ernest_the_Iron.jpg/100px-Ernest_the_Iron.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Friedrich_IV_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Friedrich_IV_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ladislaus_Posthumous.jpg/100px-Ladislaus_Posthumous.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SigismundAustria.jpg/100px-SigismundAustria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._005.jpg/100px-Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._005.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Albert_VI_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Albert_VI_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Maximilian_I_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Maximilian_I_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Jakob_Seisenegger_001.jpg/100px-Jakob_Seisenegger_001.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg/100px-Hans_Bocksberger_der_Aeltere_001.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg/100px-Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Archduke_Ferdinand_II_of_Further_Austria.jpg/100px-Archduke_Ferdinand_II_of_Further_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Anonym_Erzherzog_Karl_II.jpg/100px-Anonym_Erzherzog_Karl_II.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hans_von_Aachen_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II.jpg/100px-Hans_von_Aachen_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Rudolf_II.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lucas_van_Valckenborch_-_Emperor_Matthias_as_Archduke%2C_with_baton.jpg/100px-Lucas_van_Valckenborch_-_Emperor_Matthias_as_Archduke%2C_with_baton.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Henseiller_Maximilian_III_of_Austria.jpg/100px-Henseiller_Maximilian_III_of_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rubens_-_arquiduquealbertoVII01.jpg/100px-Rubens_-_arquiduquealbertoVII01.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kaiser_Ferdinand_II._1614.jpg/100px-Kaiser_Ferdinand_II._1614.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Joseph_Heintz_d._%C3%84._007.jpg/100px-Joseph_Heintz_d._%C3%84._007.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Frans_Luycx_-_Ferdinand_Charles%2C_Archduke_of_Further_Austria.jpg/100px-Frans_Luycx_-_Ferdinand_Charles%2C_Archduke_of_Further_Austria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Frans_Luycx_002_-_Emperor_Ferdinand_III.jpg/100px-Frans_Luycx_002_-_Emperor_Ferdinand_III.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Giovanni_Maria_Morandi_002.jpg/100px-Giovanni_Maria_Morandi_002.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Benjamin_von_Block_001.jpg/100px-Benjamin_von_Block_001.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/JosephI.1705.JPG/100px-JosephI.1705.JPG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Workshop_of_Jacob_van_Schuppen_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Karl_VI.png/100px-Workshop_of_Jacob_van_Schuppen_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Karl_VI.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kaiserin_Maria_Theresia_%28HRR%29.jpg/100px-Kaiserin_Maria_Theresia_%28HRR%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Martin_van_Meytens_006.jpg/100px-Martin_van_Meytens_006.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Carl_von_Sales_Bildnis_Joseph_II_posthum_1823.jpg/100px-Carl_von_Sales_Bildnis_Joseph_II_posthum_1823.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mengs%2C_Anton_Raphael_-_Pietro_Leopoldo_d%27Asburgo_Lorena%2C_granduca_di_Toscana_-_1770_-_Prado.jpg/100px-Mengs%2C_Anton_Raphael_-_Pietro_Leopoldo_d%27Asburgo_Lorena%2C_granduca_di_Toscana_-_1770_-_Prado.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25%2C_1792.png/100px-Francis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor_at_age_25%2C_1792.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Kaiser_Franz_I.jpg/100px-Joseph_Kreutzinger_-_Kaiser_Franz_I.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg/100px-Kaiser_Ferdinand_I.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Franz_Joseph_of_Austria_1910_old.jpg/100px-Franz_Joseph_of_Austria_1910_old.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Theodor_Mayerhofer_Kaiser_Karl_I_von_%C3%B6sterreich_1917.jpg/100px-Theodor_Mayerhofer_Kaiser_Karl_I_von_%C3%B6sterreich_1917.jpg",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2004-07-12T01:49:52+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria
|
Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort(s)
Child(ren) Death Notes
Rudolph I 1 May 1218
Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl
Son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwig of Kyburg November 1276 –
December 1282 Duchy of Austria Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg
1253
Elsass
ten children
Isabella of Burgundy
6 February 1284
Remiremont
no children 15 July 1291
Speyer
aged 73 Brought the rule of Austria to the Habsburgs after definitively defeating Ottokar II of Bohemia between 1276 and 1278.
Albert I July 1255
Vienna
Eldest son of Rudolf I and Gertrude of Hohenberg December 1282 –
1 May 1308 Duchy of Austria Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
20 December 1274
Vienna
twelve children 1 May 1308
Windisch
aged 52 Sons of Rudolf I, Albert I and Rudolf II, co-ruled in Austria only one year (1282–83) when the sole rule was entrusted by the Treaty of Rheinfelden to Albert alone according to the principle of primogeniture.
Albert was elected as king of Germany in 1298, and that same year he associated his own eldest son, Rudolf III in Austria.
Rudolf III was also elected King of Bohemia in 1306, but predeceased his father, dying in the following year.
Albert himself was assassinated by his nephew John Parricida.
Rudolf II the Debonair July 1270
Rheinfelden
Third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenberg December 1282 –
1283 Duchy of Austria Agnes of Bohemia
March 1289
Prague
one child 10 May 1290
Prague
aged 20
Rudolf III the Good c. 1281
Vienna
Eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 21 November 1298 –
3/4 July 1307 Duchy of Austria Blanche of France
25 May 1300
one child
Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
16 October 1306
Prague
no children 3/4 July 1307
Horažďovice
aged 26
Frederick I/III the Fair[8] c. 1289
Vienna
Second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 1 May 1308 –
13 January 1330 Duchy of Austria Isabella of Aragon
11 May 1315
Ravensburg
three children 13 January 1330
Gutenstein
aged 41 Younger brothers of Rudolf III, and co-rulers in Austria and Styria.
Leopold, despite being younger than Frederick, was the one who primarily inherited the County of Habsburg, the oldest land of the family, and it was only after his death (1326) that Frederick came to rule there.
In 1314, Frederick was elected King of the Romans, firstly as rival of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and then accepting co-rulership.
Leopold I the Glorious[9] 4 August 1290
Vienna
Third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 1 May 1308 –
28 February 1326 Duchy of Austria Catherine of Savoy
26 May 1315
Basel
two children 28 February 1326
Strassburg
aged 35
Albert II the Wise 12 December 1298
Habsburg Castle
Fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 13 January 1330 –
16 August 1358 Duchy of Austria Joanna of Pfirt
15 February 1324
Vienna
six children 16 August 1358
Vienna
aged 59 Younger brothers of the predecessors, and co-rulers.
Albert established the primogeniture law into their domains.
He also brought Carinthia and Carniola into Habsburg rule and laid an unsuccessful siege to Zürich.
Otto administered the Swabian Habsburg lands.
Otto's minor sons, Frederick (II) and Leopold (II), succeeded him in the co-rulership as titular dukes (1339–1344).
Otto I the Merry 23 July 1301
Vienna
Seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 13 January 1330 –
17 February 1339 Duchy of Austria Elisabeth of Bavaria
15 May 1325
Straubing
two children
Anne of Bohemia
16 February 1335
Znaim
no children 17 February 1339
Neuberg an der Mürz
aged 37
Rudolf IV the Founder 1 November 1339
Vienna
Eldest son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 16 August 1358 –
27 July 1365 Duchy of Austria Catherine of Bohemia
13 July 1356
Vienna
no children 27 July 1365
Milan
aged 25 After the unchanging of privileges for the Habsburgs in the decree of the Golden Bull in 1356, Rudolf gave the order to draw up the Privilegium Maius, a fake document to empower the Austrian rulers. He was the first to style himself as "Archduke", a title which was only made official in 1453. Rudolf also brought Tyrol into the Habsburg domain. The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "Archduke".
This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453.
After the death of Rudolf in 1365, his brothers Albert and Leopold succeeded him together, but divided their possessions between them in the Treaty of Neuberg of 1379:
Albert founded the Albertinian Line, who received the Duchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state);
Leopold founded the Leopoldinian Line, who received the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola (the group of lands also called Inner Austria), the County of Tyrol and Further Austria.
Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort(s)
Child(ren) Death Notes
Albert III the Pigtail 9 September 1349
Vienna
Third son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 29 July 1365 –
25 September 1379 Duchy of Austria Elisabeth of Bohemia
after 19 March 1366
Vienna
no children
Beatrice of Nuremberg
4 March 1375
Vienna
one child 29 August 1395
Laxenburg
aged 45 Brothers of the predecessor, divided their domains in 1379.
Leopold himself lost his life fighting in the Battle of Sempach (1386), a turning point that established the growth of the Swiss Confederacy and the effective decline of Habsburg power in their Swiss homeland. 25 September 1379 –
29 August 1395 Duchy of
Lower Austria
Leopold III the Just[10] 1 November 1351
Vienna
Fourth son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 29 July 1365 –
25 September 1379 Duchy of Austria Viridis Visconti
23 February 1365
Vienna
six children 9 July 1386
Sempach
aged 34 25 September 1379 –
9 July 1386 Duchies of Inner and Further Austria with County of Tyrol
William the Courteous c. 1370
Vienna
Eldest son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 9 July 1386 –
15 July 1406 Duchies of Inner and Further Austria with County of Tyrol Joan II of Naples
13 November 1401
Vienna
no children 15 July 1406
Vienna
aged 36 Co-ruled with his brother Leopold IV.
Also held regency in Lower Austria 1404–1406.
Leopold IV the Fat c. 1371
Vienna
Second son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 9 July 1386 –
15 July 1406 Duchies of Inner and Further Austria with County of Tyrol Catherine of Burgundy
15 August 1393
Vienna
no children 3 June 1411
Vienna
aged 40 Also held regency in Lower Austria 1404–1411.
After the partition of 1406, kept Further Austria. 15 July 1406 –
3 June 1411 Duchy of Further Austria
Albert IV the Patient 19 September 1377
Vienna
Only son of Albert the Pigtail and Beatrice of Nuremberg 29 August 1395 –
14 September 1404 Lower Austria Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
24 April 1390
Vienna
two children 14 September 1404
Klosterneuburg
aged 26 His rule was marked by tensions and conflicts with the Leopoldinian line and the Luxemburg dynasty. Regencies of William, Duke of Austria and Leopold IV, Duke of Austria (1404–1411) Succeeded as a minor, under guardianship of his Leopoldinian uncles.
He was elected, in 1437–38, as King of Bohemia and King of Hungary, and also as King of Germany, beginning a three centuries long succession of Habsburg rulers as Kings of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors.
Albert V the Magnanimous 16 August 1397
Vienna
Only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria 14 September 1404 –
27 October 1439 Duchy of Lower Austria Elizabeth of Luxembourg
26 April 1422
Vienna
three children 27 October 1439
Neszmély
aged 42 In 1406, after the death of William, the living brothers of the Leopoldinian Line made a new division of their territories:
Leopold kept Further Austria, to be inherited by his brother Frederick after his death;
Ernest founded the Elder Leopoldinian Line, who received Inner Austria;
Frederick founded the Junior Leopoldian Line, who received the county of Tyrol and then Further Austria.
Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort(s)
Child(ren) Death Notes
Ernest the Iron c. 1377
Bruck an der Mur
Third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 15 July 1406 –
10 June 1424 Duchy of Inner Austria Margaret of Pomerania
14 January 1392
Bruck an der Mur
no children
Cymburgis of Masovia
25 January 1412
Kraków
nine children 10 June 1424
Bruck an der Mur
aged 47 In 1414, he became the last Duke to be enthroned according to Carantanian traditional rite at the Prince's Stone in Carinthia, and from that time on called himself Archduke. Beside Rudolf IV, he was the only one who used the title before it became official in 1453.
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets[11] c. 1382
Fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 15 July 1406 –
3 June 1411 County of Tyrol Elisabeth of the Palatinate
24 December 1407
Innsbruck
one child
Anna of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
11 June 1411
Innsbruck
four children 24 June 1439
Innsbruck
aged 57 Also held regency in Inner Austria 1424–1435. Because he sided with Antipope John XXIII, the Council of Constance stripped him of the remaining important Swiss possessions of the family, which went to the Swiss Confederacy. 3 June 1411 –
24 June 1439 County of Tyrol with Further Austria Vacant 1439–1440 Regency of Frederick V, Duke of Austria (1440–1452) Succeeded as a minor, under the guardianship of his Ernestine cousin.
His death without descendants ended the Albertinian line. The he domains which he inherited in Bohemia and Hungary were lost, and were only recovered during the reign of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Ladislaus the Posthumous 22 February 1440
Komárom
Only son of Albert V and Elizabeth of Luxembourg 22 February 1440 –
23 November 1457 Duchy of Lower Austria
(1440–1453)
Archduchy of Lower Austria
(1453–1457) Unmarried 23 November 1457
Prague
aged 17 Lower Austria annexed to Inner Austria Regency of Frederick V, Duke of Austria (1439–1446) In 1490 he abdicated his control over his territories, giving way for the reunification of Austria.
Sigismund the Rich 26 October 1427
Innsbruck
Second son of Frederick IV and Anna of Brunswick 24 June 1439 –
1490 Duchy of Further Austria with County of Tyrol
(1439–1453)
Archduchy of Further Austria with County of Tyrol
(1453–1490) Eleanor of Scotland
12 February 1449
Innsbruck
one child
Katharina of Saxony
24 February 1484
Innsbruck
no children 4 March 1496
Innsbruck
aged 68 Further Austria and Tyrol annexed to Inner Austria Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort(s)
Child(ren) Death Notes Regency of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria (1424–1435) Sons of Ernest I, ruled jointly.
Occasionally, Albert revolted against Frederick, occupying until his death the lands known today as Upper Austria and Lower Austria.
On his part, Frederick was elected, between 1440 and 1452, King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor.
With this dignity, he conceded and made official, in 1453, the Habsburg title of Archduke. He officially elevated the Duchy into an Archduchy, which he came to inherit a few years later.
Despite having reunited all of Austria, Frederick's rule wasn't always uncontested: in 1485–1490, Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, occupied the proper Duchies of Austria and Styria, claiming the title Archduke of Austria.
Frederick V the Peaceful 21 September 1415
Innsbruck
First son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia 10 June 1424 –
1490 Duchy of Inner Austria
(1424–1453)
Archduchy of Inner Austria
(1453–1490) Eleanor of Portugal
16 March 1452
Rome
five children 19 August 1493
Linz
aged 77 1490 –
19 August 1493 Archduchy of Austria
Albert VI the Prodigal 12 September 1418
Vienna
Third son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia 10 June 1424 –
2 December 1463 Duchy of Inner Austria
(1424–1453)
Archduchy of Inner Austria
(1453–1463) Mathilde of the Palatinate
1452
Vienna
no children 2 December 1463
Vienna
aged 45
Maximilian I the Last Knight 22 March 1459
Wiener Neustadt
Second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal 19 August 1493 –
12 January 1519 Archduchy of Austria Mary of Burgundy
18 August 1477
Ghent
three children
Anne of Brittany
18 December 1490
Rennes
no children
Bianca Maria Sforza
16 March 1494
Hall in Tirol
no children 12 January 1519
Wels
aged 59 In 1490, he reconquered lost Austrian lands after Matthias Corvinus's death and persuaded his cousin Sigismund to cede Tyrol to him.[12][13] Appointed King of the Romans in 1486 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1508. His first marriage allowed him to extend Habsburg domain over the Low Countries.
Charles I 24 February 1500
Ghent
Eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile 12 January 1519 –
1521/1556 Archduchy of Austria Isabella of Portugal
10 March 1526
Seville
seven children 21 September 1558
Yuste
aged 58 Grandson of his predecessor. Through his mother he gained, in 1516, the recently unified Kingdom of Spain. He founded a Spanish branch of the Habsburgs that reigned until 1700. In 1519,he inherited the Austrian Archduchy, and was the first solely elected (not crowned) King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V). In 1521, he abdicated from Austria. He was succeeded in Austria by his brother, but continued being his brother's overlord until 1556. In this year, Charles abdicated control over all his possessions and retired to the Monastery of Yuste.
Ferdinand I
under Charles I (1521–1556) 10 March 1503
Alcalá de Henares
Second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile 1521/1556 –
25 July 1564 Archduchy of Austria Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
25 May 1521
Linz
fifteen children 25 July 1564
Vienna
aged 61 Brother of the predecessor. While Charles I's son Philip II of Spain inherited the "Western" possessions (Low Countries, Spain with ultramarine lands, and Italian states), Ferdinand inherited the rest (Austrian possessions), while gaining the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, and came to be elected King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor in 1556, after his brother's abdication. In 1564, after Ferdinand I's death, the Archduchy was once more divided between his sons:
Maximilian received Austria proper, known then as Lower and Upper Austria;
Ferdinand received Tyrol and Further Austria, which after his death with no descendants passed to the elder Austrian line;
Charles received Inner Austria (the duchies of Styria, Cartinhia and Carniola).
Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort(s)
Child(ren) Death Notes
Maximilian II 31 July 1527
Vienna
Eldest son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 25 July 1564 –
12 October 1576 Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria Maria of Spain
13 September 1548
Valladolid
sixteen children 12 October 1576
Regensburg
aged 49 Maximilian, as the eldest son, was elected King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor in 1564, and inherited also the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia.
Ferdinand II 14 June 1529
Linz
Second son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 25 July 1564 –
24 January 1595 Archduchy of Further Austria with County of Tyrol Philippine Welser
ca. 1576
four children
Anne Juliana Gonzaga
14 May 1582
Innsbruck
three children 24 January 1595
Innsbruck
aged 65 Had descendants, but from his morganatic marriage, making them unsuitable for succession; his lands were eventually inherited by the senior Austrian line.
Charles II[14] 3 June 1540
Vienna
Fourth son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 25 July 1564 –
10 July 1590 Archduchy of Inner Austria Maria Anna of Bavaria (I)
26 August 1571
Vienna
fifteen children 10 July 1590
Graz
aged 50 Unlike his brother Maximilian, Charles was Catholic and promoted the Counter-Reformation in his domains.
Rudolf V 18 July 1552
Vienna
Second son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain 12 October 1576 –
1608 Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria Unmarried 20 January 1612
Prague
aged 59 Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary. He was a patron of the arts, known for his support of Mannerist art.
Matthias 24 February 1557
Vienna
Fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain 24 January 1595 –
26 June 1612
2 November 1618 –
20 March 1619 Archduchy of Further Austria with County of Tyrol Anna of Tyrol
4 December 1611
Vienna
no children 20 March 1619
Vienna
aged 62 Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary. 1608 –
20 March 1619 Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria
(with County of Tyrol 1612–1618)
Maximilian III 12 October 1558
Vienna
Sixth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain 26 June 1612 –
2 November 1618 Archduchy of Further Austria Unmarried
(served as Grand Master of the Teutonic Order) 2 November 1618
Vienna
aged 60 In 1587 stood as a candidate for the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He also held the regency of Lower and Upper Austria 1593–1595.
Albert VII 13 November 1559
Wiener Neustadt
Fifth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain 20 March –
9 October 1619 Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain
18 April 1599
Valencia
no children 13 July 1621
Brussels
aged 61 Also Viceroy of Portugal under Philip II of Spain, and ruler of the Low Countries (1598–1621). Ruled a few months as archduke, before abdicating. His abdication resulted in a new reunion of Austria. In 1619, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (Ferdinand III of Austria) reunited the Archduchy. During the Thirty Years' War, he felt the need to divide the land once more:
Ferdinand kept Lower and Inner Austria;
Leopold, Ferdinand's brother, received Upper Austria (with Further Austria and Tyrol).
Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort(s)
Child(ren) Death Notes Regencies of Ernest of Austria (1590–1593) and Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (1593–1595) Also Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), and King of Hungary and Bohemia.
In 1619, he reunited Austria, but divided it again. 9 October 1619 –
1623 Archduchy of Austria 1623 –
15 February 1637 Archduchy of Lower and Inner Austria
Leopold V 9 October 1586
Graz
Fifth son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria 1623 –
13 September 1632 Archduchy of Further Austria Claudia de' Medici
19 April 1626
Innsbruck
five children 13 September 1632
Schwaz
aged 45 When he was chosen as archduke regnant, he abdicated his ecclesiastical status (as he previously held the Bishoprics of Passau and Strasbourg) in order to get married and have children. Regency of Claudia de' Medici (1632–1646)
Ferdinand Charles 17 May 1628
Innsbruck
Eldest son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici 13 September 1632 –
30 December 1662 Archduchy of Further Austria Anna de' Medici
10 June 1646
Innsbruck
two children 30 December 1662
Kaltern
aged 34
Ferdinand IV 13 July 1608
Graz
Third son of Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Bavaria (II) 15 February 1637 –
2 April 1657 Lower Austria and Inner Austria Maria Anna of Spain
20 February 1631
Vienna
six children
Maria Leopoldine of Austria
2 July 1648
Linz
one child
Eleonora Gonzaga (II)
30 April 1651
Wiener Neustadt
four children 2 April 1657
Vienna
aged 48 Also Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657), and King of Hungary and Bohemia.
Sigismund Francis 27 November 1630
Innsbruck
Second son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici 30 December 1662 –
25 June 1665 Archduchy of Further Austria Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach
13 June 1665
Sulzbach
no children 25 June 1665
Innsbruck
aged 34 Brother of the predecessor. After his death, his territories reverted to the elder line.
Leopold VI 9 June 1640
Vienna
Fourth son of Ferdinand IV and Maria Anna of Spain 2 April 1657 –
25 June 1665 Archduchy of Lower and Inner Austria Margaret Theresa of Spain
12 December 1666
Vienna
four children
Claudia Felicitas of Austria
15 October 1673
Graz
two children
Eleanor Magdalene of Palatinate-Neuburg
14 December 1676
Passau
eleven children 5 May 1705
Vienna
aged 64 Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
In 1665, he unified Austria once more. 25 June 1665 –
5 May 1705 Archduchy of Austria
Joseph I 26 July 1678
Vienna
Eldest son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 5 May 1705 –
17 April 1711 Archduchy of Austria Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick
10 June 1646
Vienna
three children 17 April 1711
Vienna
aged 32 Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
Charles III 1 October 1685
Vienna
Second son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 17 April 1711 –
20 October 1740 Archduchy of Austria Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1 August 1708
Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona
five children 20 October 1740
Vienna
aged 55 Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1700, he claimed the Kingdom of Spain in the War of Spanish Succession (1700–1713).
Maria Theresa
with Francis I Stephen (1740–1765)
Joseph II (1765–1780) 13 May 1717
Hofburg Imperial Palace
Eldest daughter of Charles III and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 20 October 1740 –
29 November 1780 Archduchy of Austria 12 February 1736
Vienna
sixteen children 29 November 1780
Hofburg Imperial Palace
aged 63 Also Queen of Bohemia and Hungary.
Francis I Stephen
with Maria Theresa (1740–1765) 8 December 1708
Nancy
Fourth son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans 20 October 1740 –
18 August 1765 Archduchy of Austria 18 August 1765
Innsbruck
aged 56 Also Holy Roman Emperor (1740–1765). Exchanged his original Duchy of Lorraine for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1737). The Austrian agnatic branch ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by a combination of the Austrian cognatic branch of the Habsburgs and the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II.
The new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (Habsburg-Lothringen).
All Habsburgs living today are in the agnatic descendants of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen. Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort(s)
Child(ren) Death Notes
Joseph II 13 March 1741
Vienna
Eldest son of Francis I Stephen and Maria Theresa 29 November 1780 –
20 February 1790 Archduchy of Austria
(Habsburg-Lorraine) Isabella of Parma
6 October 1760
Vienna
two children
Maria Josepha of Bavaria
23 January 1765
Schönbrunn
no children 20 February 1790
Vienna
aged 48 Co-ruling with his mother since the death of his father.
Also Holy Roman Emperor (1765–1790).
Leopold VII 5 May 1747
Vienna
Third son of Francis I and Maria Theresa 20 February 1790 –
1 March 1792 Archduchy of Austria
(Habsburg-Lorraine) Maria Luisa of Spain
16 February 1764
Innsbruck
sixteen children 1 March 1792
Vienna
aged 44 Had a brief reign.
Also elected Holy Roman Emperor (1790–1792).
|
||||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 41
|
https://websites.umich.edu/~bobwolfe/gen/person/g1741.htm
|
en
|
23 December 1304], Died: Munich, Bavaria, Germany, Father: Rudolf I of Habsburg Holy Roman Emporer, Mother: Gertrude of Hohenberg; Spouses: Louis II the Strict Duke of Bavaria, Family, Genealogy
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Matilda of Habsburg",
"[1253 - 23 December 1304]",
"Died: Munich",
"Bavaria",
"Germany",
"Father: Rudolf I of Habsburg Holy Roman Emporer",
"Mother: Gertrude of Hohenberg; Spouses: Louis II the Strict Duke of Bavaria",
"Family",
"Genealogy"
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Janet and Robert Wolfe Genealogy
Matilda of Habsburg
Click on a person's name, below, to go to that person's genealogy page.
Birth: 1253
Death: 23 December 1304, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
Father: Rudolf I of Habsburg Holy Roman Emporer
Mother: Gertrude of Hohenberg
Partner: Louis II the Strict Duke of Bavaria
Marriage: 24 October 1273
* Child: Agnes of Bavaria ⇒
* Our research indicates that this child is Janet's ancestor.
Ancestors of Matilda of Habsburg
┌─Rudolf I of Habsburg Holy Roman Emporer
Matilda of Habsburg
└─Gertrude of Hohenberg
Descendants of Matilda of Habsburg
|
||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 14
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrud-von-Hohenberg/6000000003827355907
|
en
|
Gertrud von Hohenberg
|
[
"https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p14/b4/d7/e6/20/53444865e3889f80/anna_gertrud_of_hohenburg_medium.jpg?hash=3f4a8f18296e53b9d1b066b9c7b28ef4277ded56b969a7ab0271966eff3f5018.1724309999&height=150&width=118",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://media.geni.com/p4/3068/3754/5344483643d16465/Rudolph_I_of_Germany_t2.jpg?hash=87c0a2cc04ced8ba9df69ddcfd552ca554371f1bca1850eaa0eaae8af4c21bf4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/57/7f/b9/0d/53444838f48c6929/mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_t2.jpg?hash=b6f6be0e1742d09773c89699166cbbfe5e7ce02480a496b06f1152016387e66c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/0c/8f/dc/bb/5344483d333e5324/pes_348_t2.jpg?hash=d1dfe08ad9754e9af570628679c80e90893616dde3a39cc0b62e4e543539348f.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/f1/7d/9d/04/5344485e6f1859fa/img_1599_2__t2.jpg?hash=cf38a176ba4f33a95ea6f2dc22af43d2e018d13d348131da8e0cf69bcc637613.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/6b/7e/5e/dd/5344485e6f129d35/img_1601_2__t2.jpg?hash=bd4d5e582b711884513100971a5009835a0520f503e6d6a9b5035b32264f9aa4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/73/90/e0/a6/5344483fcc1a01d9/habsburg_medium_t2.jpg?hash=11ba4c6c9cd53ecdcad8b9a1517b06f0ba6b437f504c98ae4576fb5b35141bc7.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/80/83/cf/4f/5344485cc62fe478/clemence_of_austria_t2.jpg?hash=feab9c21628d00ccc25a307355b70dc22a30c1158ebde6cc9f182db26b956169.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/da/fb/29/ec/5344485e6d224784/img_1612_2__t2.jpg?hash=20614822ff8343207ad5181e7c317ba2272f06c7169426b6d792994573b1f1a3.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b4/27/d6/a5/5344485e6d224786/img_1610_2__t2.jpg?hash=2b39079f597cd18c7024ceb8562f2b2c4e5a74f75d1363b3c1b884b4464008d8.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b0/53/0f/20/5344484677486a8c/died_young_boy_large_t2.jpg?hash=e1a0b3249c18e3973d0b6df400320107b551a8f10826431ed7ee7616b1c8834c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p7/5567/6962/53444836e5a202cd/Judith_of_Habsburg_t2.jpg?hash=ca70b06df111dfde9b86a78da99602a50f0b56f2c219b203d4b31daf877fb628.1724309999",
"https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"family tree",
"genealogy",
"trace your ancestry",
"family tree maker",
"family tree search",
"family tree charts",
"family statistics",
"ancestors",
"research"
] | null |
[] |
2024-05-25T04:10:41-07:00
|
Genealogy for Herzogin Gertrud Anna Gertrude von Hohenberg, Queen Consort of Germany (1238 - 1281) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
|
en
|
/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
geni_family_tree
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrud-von-Hohenberg/6000000003827355907
|
Gertrud von Hohenberg - Wikipedia:
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZL6-TXG
aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche
Skulptur Annas von Habsburg im Basler Münster
Gertrud von Hohenberg (* um 1225; † 16. Februar 1281) war als Gemahlin Rudolfs von Habsburg ab 1253 Gräfin von Habsburg, Kyburg und Löwenstein und ab 1273 als Anna von Habsburg römisch-deutsche Königin.
Anna von Habsburg gilt als Stammmutter der Dynastie der Habsburger in Österreich.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
[Anzeigen]
* 1 Leben
* 2 Ehe und Nachkommen
* 3 Grabstätte
* 4 Literatur
* 5 Weblinks
* 6 Siehe auch
Leben [Bearbeiten]
Gertrud von Hohenberg war die älteste Tochter des Grafen Burkhard V. von Hohenberg und dessen Ehefrau Pfalzgräfin Mechthild von Tübingen, Tochter von Pfalzgraf Rudolf II. von Tübingen.
Ehe und Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]
Gertrud heiratete um 1253 im Elsass Graf Rudolf von Habsburg, Sohn des Grafen Albrecht IV. von Habsburg und dessen Gemahlin Gräfin Heilwig von Kyburg.
Zwanzig Jahre lang war Gertrud von Hohenberg eine brave Burggräfin und hielt das Hauswesen zusammen. Am 1. Oktober 1273 wählten die Kurfürsten ihren Mann, den Grafen Rudolf IV. von Habsburg, in Frankfurt am Main einstimmig zum deutschen König. Nach der Krönung in Aachen nannte sie sich Königin Anna.
Aus dieser Ehe gingen vierzehn Kinder hervor (sechs Söhne, acht Töchter), unter anderem:
* Mathilde (1253–1304) ∞ 1273 in Heidelberg mit Ludwig II., dem Strengen, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein und Herzog in Bayern
* Albrecht I. (1255–1308) ∞ 1276 in Wien mit Elisabeth von Kärnten, Görz und Tirol
* Katharina (1256–1282) ∞ 1279 in Wien mit Otto III., Herzog von Niederbayern
* Agnes Gertrud (1257–1322) ∞ 1273 in Wittenberg mit Albrecht II. von Anhalt, Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg
* Hedwig (1259–1303) ∞ 1279 in Lehnin mit Otto IV., Markgraf von Brandenburg
* Klementia (1262–1293) ∞ 1281 in Neapel mit Karl Martell, Titularkönig von Ungarn. Sohn von Karl II. von Neapel aus dem Haus Anjou.
* Hartmann (1263–1281 ertrunken) verlobt mit Prinzessin Johanna, Tochter König Eduard I. von England
* Rudolf II. (1270–1290) ∞ 1289 in Prag mit Agnes von Böhmen, Tochter König Ottokar II. Přemysl
* Guta (Jutta) (1271–1297) ∞ 1285 in Prag mit Wenzel II., König von Böhmen
* Karl (*/† 1276)
Grabstätte [Bearbeiten]
Im Chorgang des Basler Münsters befindet sich ihr Sarkophag und der ihres jüngsten Sohns Karl. Ihre Gebeine wurden 1770 ins Kloster St. Blasien verlegt; heute ruhen sie im Stift St. Paul im Lavanttal in Kärnten.
Grabmal im Basler Münster
Heutige Grabstätte in St. Paul
Literatur [Bearbeiten]
* Richard Reifenscheid: Die Habsburger.
* Hellmut Andics: Die Frauen der Habsburger.
* Constantin von Wurzbach: Anna, nach Anderen Gertrude von Hohenberg. Nr. 18. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Bd 6. Verlag L. C. Zamarski, Wien 1856–1891, S. 149 (auf Wikisource).
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]
Commons Commons: Gertrud von Hohenberg – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Siehe auch [Bearbeiten]
* Liste der Ehefrauen der römisch-deutschen Herrscher
* Stammliste der Habsburger
Normdaten: Personennamendatei (PND): 123579783
Gertrude of Hohenburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gertrude of Hohenberg)
Gertrude of Hohenburg (c. 1225 – 16 February 1281, Vienna) was the first Queen consort of Rudolph I of Germany.
[edit]Family
She was born to Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg (d. 1253) and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen.
Her paternal grandparents were Burchard IV, Count of Hohenberg and his unnamed wife. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolph II, Count palatine and his wife, a daughter of Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen.
Burchard IV was a son of Burchard III, Count of Hohenberg.
Burchard III was one of two sons of Burchard II, Count of Hohenberg. He was co-ruler with his brother Frederick, Count of Hohenberg. His brother had no known descendants and the two brothers consequently had a single successor.
Burchard II was one of five known sons of Frederick I, Count of Zollern and his wife Udachild of Urach.
Frederich I was the son of Burchard I, Count of Zollern. He was the founder of the so-called Burchardinger family line, male-line ancestors of the House of Hohenzollern.
[edit]Marriage and children
In 1245, Gertrude married Rudolph IV, Count of Habsburg. They had nine children:
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden–21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolph II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270–10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden–23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Katharina (1256–4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257–11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and became the mother of Rudolf I, Elector of Saxony.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg and left no issue.
Klementia (ca. 1262–after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Guta (13 March 1271–18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth I of Bohemia, countess of Luxembourg.
Her husband was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, largely due to the efforts of her cousin Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg. Rudolph was crowned in Aachen on 24 October 1273. She served as his Queen consort for the following eight years.
She died early in 1281. Rudolph remained a widower for three years and proceeded to marry Isabelle of Burgundy.
|
||||
21104
|
yago
|
0
| 16
|
https://www.myheritage.com/names/gertrude_von%2520habsburg
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
21104
|
yago
|
3
| 43
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/from-habsburg.html
|
en
|
res stock photography and images
|
[
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alamy Limited"
] | null |
Find the perfect from habsburg stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
|
en
|
Alamy
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/from-habsburg.html
|
Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 23/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|||||
21104
|
yago
|
2
| 5
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrud-von-Hohenberg/6000000003827355907
|
en
|
Gertrud von Hohenberg
|
[
"https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p14/b4/d7/e6/20/53444865e3889f80/anna_gertrud_of_hohenburg_medium.jpg?hash=3f4a8f18296e53b9d1b066b9c7b28ef4277ded56b969a7ab0271966eff3f5018.1724309999&height=150&width=118",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/53a/97e/53a97e59e9bb5adafd9a71f7af2683ef.png",
"https://media.geni.com/p4/3068/3754/5344483643d16465/Rudolph_I_of_Germany_t2.jpg?hash=87c0a2cc04ced8ba9df69ddcfd552ca554371f1bca1850eaa0eaae8af4c21bf4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/57/7f/b9/0d/53444838f48c6929/mathilde_habsburg_von_osterreich_t2.jpg?hash=b6f6be0e1742d09773c89699166cbbfe5e7ce02480a496b06f1152016387e66c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/0c/8f/dc/bb/5344483d333e5324/pes_348_t2.jpg?hash=d1dfe08ad9754e9af570628679c80e90893616dde3a39cc0b62e4e543539348f.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/f1/7d/9d/04/5344485e6f1859fa/img_1599_2__t2.jpg?hash=cf38a176ba4f33a95ea6f2dc22af43d2e018d13d348131da8e0cf69bcc637613.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/6b/7e/5e/dd/5344485e6f129d35/img_1601_2__t2.jpg?hash=bd4d5e582b711884513100971a5009835a0520f503e6d6a9b5035b32264f9aa4.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/73/90/e0/a6/5344483fcc1a01d9/habsburg_medium_t2.jpg?hash=11ba4c6c9cd53ecdcad8b9a1517b06f0ba6b437f504c98ae4576fb5b35141bc7.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/80/83/cf/4f/5344485cc62fe478/clemence_of_austria_t2.jpg?hash=feab9c21628d00ccc25a307355b70dc22a30c1158ebde6cc9f182db26b956169.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/da/fb/29/ec/5344485e6d224784/img_1612_2__t2.jpg?hash=20614822ff8343207ad5181e7c317ba2272f06c7169426b6d792994573b1f1a3.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b4/27/d6/a5/5344485e6d224786/img_1610_2__t2.jpg?hash=2b39079f597cd18c7024ceb8562f2b2c4e5a74f75d1363b3c1b884b4464008d8.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/b0/53/0f/20/5344484677486a8c/died_young_boy_large_t2.jpg?hash=e1a0b3249c18e3973d0b6df400320107b551a8f10826431ed7ee7616b1c8834c.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p7/5567/6962/53444836e5a202cd/Judith_of_Habsburg_t2.jpg?hash=ca70b06df111dfde9b86a78da99602a50f0b56f2c219b203d4b31daf877fb628.1724309999",
"https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"family tree",
"genealogy",
"trace your ancestry",
"family tree maker",
"family tree search",
"family tree charts",
"family statistics",
"ancestors",
"research"
] | null |
[] |
2024-05-25T04:10:41-07:00
|
Genealogy for Herzogin Gertrud Anna Gertrude von Hohenberg, Queen Consort of Germany (1238 - 1281) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
|
en
|
/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
geni_family_tree
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Gertrud-von-Hohenberg/6000000003827355907
|
Gertrud von Hohenberg - Wikipedia:
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LZL6-TXG
aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche
Skulptur Annas von Habsburg im Basler Münster
Gertrud von Hohenberg (* um 1225; † 16. Februar 1281) war als Gemahlin Rudolfs von Habsburg ab 1253 Gräfin von Habsburg, Kyburg und Löwenstein und ab 1273 als Anna von Habsburg römisch-deutsche Königin.
Anna von Habsburg gilt als Stammmutter der Dynastie der Habsburger in Österreich.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
[Anzeigen]
* 1 Leben
* 2 Ehe und Nachkommen
* 3 Grabstätte
* 4 Literatur
* 5 Weblinks
* 6 Siehe auch
Leben [Bearbeiten]
Gertrud von Hohenberg war die älteste Tochter des Grafen Burkhard V. von Hohenberg und dessen Ehefrau Pfalzgräfin Mechthild von Tübingen, Tochter von Pfalzgraf Rudolf II. von Tübingen.
Ehe und Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]
Gertrud heiratete um 1253 im Elsass Graf Rudolf von Habsburg, Sohn des Grafen Albrecht IV. von Habsburg und dessen Gemahlin Gräfin Heilwig von Kyburg.
Zwanzig Jahre lang war Gertrud von Hohenberg eine brave Burggräfin und hielt das Hauswesen zusammen. Am 1. Oktober 1273 wählten die Kurfürsten ihren Mann, den Grafen Rudolf IV. von Habsburg, in Frankfurt am Main einstimmig zum deutschen König. Nach der Krönung in Aachen nannte sie sich Königin Anna.
Aus dieser Ehe gingen vierzehn Kinder hervor (sechs Söhne, acht Töchter), unter anderem:
* Mathilde (1253–1304) ∞ 1273 in Heidelberg mit Ludwig II., dem Strengen, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein und Herzog in Bayern
* Albrecht I. (1255–1308) ∞ 1276 in Wien mit Elisabeth von Kärnten, Görz und Tirol
* Katharina (1256–1282) ∞ 1279 in Wien mit Otto III., Herzog von Niederbayern
* Agnes Gertrud (1257–1322) ∞ 1273 in Wittenberg mit Albrecht II. von Anhalt, Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg
* Hedwig (1259–1303) ∞ 1279 in Lehnin mit Otto IV., Markgraf von Brandenburg
* Klementia (1262–1293) ∞ 1281 in Neapel mit Karl Martell, Titularkönig von Ungarn. Sohn von Karl II. von Neapel aus dem Haus Anjou.
* Hartmann (1263–1281 ertrunken) verlobt mit Prinzessin Johanna, Tochter König Eduard I. von England
* Rudolf II. (1270–1290) ∞ 1289 in Prag mit Agnes von Böhmen, Tochter König Ottokar II. Přemysl
* Guta (Jutta) (1271–1297) ∞ 1285 in Prag mit Wenzel II., König von Böhmen
* Karl (*/† 1276)
Grabstätte [Bearbeiten]
Im Chorgang des Basler Münsters befindet sich ihr Sarkophag und der ihres jüngsten Sohns Karl. Ihre Gebeine wurden 1770 ins Kloster St. Blasien verlegt; heute ruhen sie im Stift St. Paul im Lavanttal in Kärnten.
Grabmal im Basler Münster
Heutige Grabstätte in St. Paul
Literatur [Bearbeiten]
* Richard Reifenscheid: Die Habsburger.
* Hellmut Andics: Die Frauen der Habsburger.
* Constantin von Wurzbach: Anna, nach Anderen Gertrude von Hohenberg. Nr. 18. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Bd 6. Verlag L. C. Zamarski, Wien 1856–1891, S. 149 (auf Wikisource).
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]
Commons Commons: Gertrud von Hohenberg – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Siehe auch [Bearbeiten]
* Liste der Ehefrauen der römisch-deutschen Herrscher
* Stammliste der Habsburger
Normdaten: Personennamendatei (PND): 123579783
Gertrude of Hohenburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gertrude of Hohenberg)
Gertrude of Hohenburg (c. 1225 – 16 February 1281, Vienna) was the first Queen consort of Rudolph I of Germany.
[edit]Family
She was born to Burchard V, Count of Hohenberg (d. 1253) and his wife Mechtild of Tübingen.
Her paternal grandparents were Burchard IV, Count of Hohenberg and his unnamed wife. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolph II, Count palatine and his wife, a daughter of Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen.
Burchard IV was a son of Burchard III, Count of Hohenberg.
Burchard III was one of two sons of Burchard II, Count of Hohenberg. He was co-ruler with his brother Frederick, Count of Hohenberg. His brother had no known descendants and the two brothers consequently had a single successor.
Burchard II was one of five known sons of Frederick I, Count of Zollern and his wife Udachild of Urach.
Frederich I was the son of Burchard I, Count of Zollern. He was the founder of the so-called Burchardinger family line, male-line ancestors of the House of Hohenzollern.
[edit]Marriage and children
In 1245, Gertrude married Rudolph IV, Count of Habsburg. They had nine children:
Albert I of Germany (July 1255 – 1 May 1308), Duke of Austria and also of Styria.
Hartmann (1263, Rheinfelden–21 December 1281), drowned in Rheinau.
Rudolph II, Duke of Austria and Styria (1270–10 May 1290, Prague), titular Duke of Swabia, father of John the Patricide of Austria.
Matilda (ca. 1251/53, Rheinfelden–23 December 1304, Munich), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Katharina (1256–4 April 1282, Landshut), married 1279 in Vienna to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria who later (after her death) became the disputed King Bela V of Hungary and left no surviving issue.
Agnes (ca. 1257–11 October 1322, Wittenberg), married 1273 to Albert II, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and became the mother of Rudolf I, Elector of Saxony.
Hedwig (d. 1285/86), married 1270 in Vienna to Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg and left no issue.
Klementia (ca. 1262–after 7 February 1293), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.
Guta (13 March 1271–18 June 1297, Prague), married 24 January 1285 to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and became the mother of king Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, of queen Anna I of Bohemia, duchess of Carinthia, and of queen Elisabeth I of Bohemia, countess of Luxembourg.
Her husband was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on 29 September 1273, largely due to the efforts of her cousin Frederick III, Burgrave of Nuremberg. Rudolph was crowned in Aachen on 24 October 1273. She served as his Queen consort for the following eight years.
She died early in 1281. Rudolph remained a widower for three years and proceeded to marry Isabelle of Burgundy.
|