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4591	dbpedia	2	73	https://www.engc.org.uk/news/press-releases/pr2021/registrant-elected-to-fellowship-of-the-royal-society-of-edinburgh/	en	Registrant elected to Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh			[ "https://www.engc.org.uk/css/images/engc.jpg", "https://www.engc.org.uk/media/1098/course_search_turbine.jpg", "https://www.engc.org.uk/media/4554/untitled-design-84.png", "https://www.engc.org.uk/media/4555/untitled-design-83.png", "https://www.engc.org.uk/media/4556/untitled-design-86.png", "https://www.engc.org.uk/media/4557/untitled-design-85.png", "https://www.engc.org.uk/media/3636/prof-graham-wren.jpg?width=369&height=245&mode=max", "https://www.engc.org.uk/media/3966/iso9001.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	The Engineering Council would like to congratulate registrant Professor Graham Wren OBE CEng FRSE FIMechE FIET FREng on being elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), Scotland’s National Academy of Science and Letters. This honour recognises his work advancing engineering and science across both the business and public sectors for over 40 years.	en			null	Published: 16/04/2021 Share this story: The Engineering Council would like to congratulate registrant Professor Graham Wren OBE CEng FRSE FIMechE FIET FREng on being elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), Scotland’s National Academy of Science and Letters. This honour recognises his work advancing engineering and science across both the business and public sectors for over 40 years. Professor Wren has been a champion of engineering, leading many first of their kind projects in sectors ranging from forensic science to nuclear technology. He has also been the principal architect of some of the UK’s largest translational research centres, linking the needs of the engineering industry with world class research. Over the past 10 years at the University of Strathclyde, Professor Wren has driven innovative projects raising over £500M for industrial research in areas including renewable energy, aerospace, nuclear and pharmaceutical manufacturing. These include the National Manufacturing Institute Scotland and the Technology and Innovation Centre in Glasgow. He is also a Professor at the University of Technology in Australia. He has served on over 30 company and research centre boards and offered his expertise to numerous government and international committees. Professor Wren is also a keen mentor – working with engineers at all levels, ranging from senior directors to young engineers, working with schools and charities and supporting the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award scheme for over 15 years. In 2021 the RSE has selected 87 new Fellows from across sciences, arts, education, business and public life. All nominations go through a five-stage selection process to ensure those elected demonstrate excellence through outstanding achievement, professional standing and societal contribution. This year’s intake of leading thinkers and practitioners join around 1,600 current Fellows, all individuals whose work has had a significant impact on Scotland. Professor Dame Anne Glover, President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh said: “As Scotland’s national academy we recognise excellence across a diverse range of expertise and experience, and its effect on Scottish society… Through uniting these great minds from different walks of life, we can discover creative solutions to some of the most complex issues that Scotland faces. A warm welcome is extended to all of our new Fellows.” For press enquiries: Kate Webster, Engineering Council – kwebster@engc.org.uk, 020 3206 0567 Notes for editors: The Engineering Council holds the national Register of Engineering Technicians (EngTech), Incorporated Engineers (IEng), Chartered Engineers (CEng) and Information and Communication Technology Technicians (ICTTech). It also sets and maintains the internationally recognised standards of competence and ethics that govern the award and retention of these titles. By this means it is able to ensure that employers, government and wider society, both at home and overseas, can have confidence in the skills and commitment of registrants. For more information visit: www.engc.org.uk
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"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sir_Henry_Enfield_Roscoe_and_Sir_Arthur_Schuster%2C_sitting_in_Wellcome_V0027639.jpg/120px-Sir_Henry_Enfield_Roscoe_and_Sir_Arthur_Schuster%2C_sitting_in_Wellcome_V0027639.jpg", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	/static/apple-touch/commons.png		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arthur_Schuster	Award received Fellow of the Royal Society Copley Medal (1931) Royal Medal (1893) Rumford Medal (1926) Bakerian Lecture (1890, 1884) Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh honorary doctor of the University of Calcutta Honorary doctorate from the University of Geneva (1909) honorary doctor of the University of St Andrews (1911) Honorary doctor of the University of Oxford (1917) Knight Bachelor
4591	dbpedia	2	45	https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/2023/03/scotlands-greatest-business-brains-recognised-in-the-royal-society-of-edinburghs-2023-fellows-list/	en	Scotland’s Greatest Business Brains Recognised in The Royal Society of Edinburgh’s 2023 Fellows List	https://www.acceleratehe…-IW-1024x681.jpg	https://www.acceleratehe…-IW-1024x681.jpg	[ "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/cropped-accelerateher.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/b25lY21zOjFkZmZjMDAzLTI2MTQtNDY2MS04MjQ1LWRkNzU3NDI0MTk5ODplMzRiMzMwNS01NjYzLTRjNWUtOWVmNS0yMzc4OTM5NDY4Njk-150x150.jpg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/b25lY21zOjFkZmZjMDAzLTI2MTQtNDY2MS04MjQ1LWRkNzU3NDI0MTk5ODplMzRiMzMwNS01NjYzLTRjNWUtOWVmNS0yMzc4OTM5NDY4Njk-150x150.jpg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/DSC_8992-150x150.jpg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/DSC_8992-150x150.jpg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MySmashAll535-150x150.jpg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MySmashAll535-150x150.jpg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Copy-of-AH-Awards-semi-final-sides-Presentation-169-150x150.jpg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/68f9ebc6-247c-431e-bec4-a831bb3c7a0c-150x150.jpeg", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/cropped-accelerateher-300x68.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/cropped-accelerateher-300x68.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pathways-pledge-partner-rgb-1.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pathways-pledge-partner-rgb-1.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds-pro/img/placeholder.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Hollie" ]	2023-03-21T09:01:07+00:00	The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), Scotland’s National Academy, has announced its 2023 intake of Fellows, with 91 names from business, science, arts,	en	https://www.acceleratehe…avicon-32x32.png	AccelerateHer	https://www.accelerateher.co.uk/2023/03/scotlands-greatest-business-brains-recognised-in-the-royal-society-of-edinburghs-2023-fellows-list/	The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), Scotland’s National Academy, has announced its 2023 intake of Fellows, with 91 names from business, science, arts, sports, civil society and academia from Scotland and beyond. The RSE’s current Fellowship of around 1,800 Fellows include some of the greatest thinkers, researchers and practitioners working in or with Scotland today, and this year’s cohort recognises the outstanding contribution from leading minds in business. Robin Watson CBE, former chief executive of Wood Plc, the Scottish multinational engineering and consultancy company, was awarded a Fellowship for his services to business. Mr. Watson stepped down from his role at Wood Plc in 2022, where he spent 10 years on the board, seven of which as chief executive. He transformed the business into one of the world’s foremost engineering and consultancy companies, and was awarded his CBE in Her Majesty the Queen’s 2020 Birthday Honours, in recognition of services to international trade. His track record of global business impact, passion for developing the Scottish economy, huge appetite for encouraging academic and business partnerships and the reputation and standing to positively influence make him an asset to the RSE network. Robin Watson commented: “I am honoured and delighted to have been elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. The RSE has a long, rich and diverse history with a purpose which has endured, advancing learning and useful knowledge. In today’s challenging environment, this purpose appears more precious than ever, and I very much look forward to helping support the innovative thinkers of the future, as an RSE Fellow.” Professor Sir John Ball, President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, said: “It is a great privilege to welcome our new Fellows – they represent outstanding commitment and achievement at the highest level across a diverse range of sectors. From scientific advancement that changes lives to leading business innovation recognised across the world, the RSE welcomes the best minds to harness their unique insight and make knowledge useful for the greater good.” Jackie Waring, an entrepreneur and pioneer who is changing the face of angel investing in Scotland, will also be joining this year’s prestigious cohort. With a track record of over 30 years of impactful advocacy for women’s entrepreneurship, Ms Waring has been an active advisor to governments, industry bodies and several high growth businesses. She was a key figure involved in the Scottish Government’s recently published Pathways: A New Approach for Women in Entrepreneurship report, and was the driving force behind the creation of the UK’s very first equity fund for women entrepreneurs. Ms Waring has also founded Investing Women Angels, Scotland’s first all-female business angel group, and set up AccelerateHER, a vibrant network of female founders and partners who share the passion to accelerate the growth, visibility and backing of talented female leaders. Along with her work to encourage and elevate female entrepreneurs, she brings a powerful mix of entrepreneurial spirit, senior UK policy and economic development experience to the RSE’s Fellowship. Speaking of her Fellowship, Ms. Waring said: “It’s an immense honour to be appointed as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. I look forward to actively contributing to the organisation’s exceptional work in promoting economic and social progress building on the efforts of Investing Women Angels and AccelerateHER to inspire and support future generations of innovative thinkers.” The RSE’s ambition of deploying knowledge for the public good will also be furthered by new Fellow Alexander Begbie CBE, CEO of Scottish Financial Enterprise (SFE). Prior to his role at SFE, Mr. Begbie held several senior HR and transformation director roles in both financial services and the energy sectors. His experience at Tesco Bank, Standard Life, Royal Bank of Scotland, AEGON, and Scottish Power means he is well versed in driving collaboration and empowering teams both in Scotland and the Far East. Mr. Begbie received an MBA from the University of Edinburgh and was awarded a CBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List in 2018 for services to business and social mobility. His work in the third sector with organisations such as Career Ready, Place2Be, Young Person Guarantee and Developing Young Workforce positions him as a real advocate for young people, and he will be an asset to the RSE in ensuring the voices of all parts of society are heard in policy and decision making. Alexander Begbie CBE said: “I am absolutely delighted to have received a Fellowship from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. I am thoroughly looking forward to actively contributing to the work the RSE, and specifically in areas where I have a particular interest, for example the economy and business, inclusion, social mobility and employability. It is an honour to have this opportunity, and I would also like to pass on my congratulations to all the other new Fellows who were announced today”. The new intake follows in the footsteps of a venerable list of Fellows, including Peter Higgs, Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Lucinda Bruce-Gardyne, James Clerk Maxwell and James Watt, whose impact on society in Scotland, and the wider world, has changed the way our nation works.
4591	dbpedia	1	10	https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34470	en	Arthur Eddington	https://encyclopedia.pub…/header_logo.png	https://encyclopedia.pub…/header_logo.png	[ "https://encyclopedia.pub/build/images/header_logo.png", "https://encyclopedia.pub/build/images/logo.png", "https://encyclopedia.pub/build/images/point-3.png", "https://encyclopedia.pub/media/item_content/202211/63720d773224f1280px-Arthur_Eddington.jpg", "https://encyclopedia.pub/media/item_content/202211/63720da59f7771919_eclipse_positive.jpg", "https://encyclopedia.pub/media/item_content/202211/63720dbf3a981Minutes_of_Eddington_talk_to_the_Del-Squared_V_Club.jpg", "https://handwiki.org/wiki/images/thumb/2/24/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington.jpg/250px-Arthur_Stanley_Eddington.jpg", "https://encyclopedia.pub/media/banner/202408/huodongbanner85-66b2e82a63c33.jpg", "https://encyclopedia.pub/build/images/feedback_success.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2022-11-14T10:43:50+01:00	Encyclopedia is a user-generated content hub aiming to provide a comprehensive record for scientific developments. All content free to post, read, share and reuse.	en	/favicon.ico		https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34470	1. Introduction Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington [1] (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact object, is named in his honour. Around 1920, he anticipated the discovery and mechanism of nuclear fusion processes in stars, in his paper "The Internal Constitution of the Stars".[2][3] At that time, the source of stellar energy was a complete mystery; Eddington was the first to correctly speculate that the source was fusion of hydrogen into helium. Eddington wrote a number of articles that announced and explained Einstein's theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. World War I had severed many lines of scientific communication, and new developments in German science were not well known in England. He also conducted an expedition to observe the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919 that provided one of the earliest confirmations of general relativity, and he became known for his popular expositions and interpretations of the theory. 2. Early Years Eddington was born 28 December 1882 in Kendal, Westmorland (now Cumbria), England, the son of Quaker parents, Arthur Henry Eddington, headmaster of the Quaker School, and Sarah Ann Shout.[4] His father taught at a Quaker training college in Lancashire before moving to Kendal to become headmaster of Stramongate School. He died in the typhoid epidemic which swept England in 1884. His mother was left to bring up her two children with relatively little income. The family moved to Weston-super-Mare where at first Stanley (as his mother and sister always called Eddington) was educated at home before spending three years at a preparatory school. The family lived at a house called Varzin, 42 Walliscote Road, Weston-super-Mare. There is a commemorative plaque on the building explaining Sir Arthur's contribution to science. In 1893 Eddington entered Brynmelyn School. He proved to be a most capable scholar, particularly in mathematics and English literature. His performance earned him a scholarship to Owens College, Manchester (what was later to become the University of Manchester) in 1898, which he was able to attend, having turned 16 that year. He spent the first year in a general course, but turned to physics for the next three years. Eddington was greatly influenced by his physics and mathematics teachers, Arthur Schuster and Horace Lamb. At Manchester, Eddington lived at Dalton Hall, where he came under the lasting influence of the Quaker mathematician J. W. Graham. His progress was rapid, winning him several scholarships and he graduated with a BSc in physics with First Class Honours in 1902. Based on his performance at Owens College, he was awarded a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1902. His tutor at Cambridge was Robert Alfred Herman and in 1904 Eddington became the first ever second-year student to be placed as Senior Wrangler. After receiving his M.A. in 1905, he began research on thermionic emission in the Cavendish Laboratory. This did not go well, and meanwhile he spent time teaching mathematics to first year engineering students. This hiatus was brief. Through a recommendation by E. T. Whittaker, his senior colleague at Trinity College, he secured a position at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich where he was to embark on his career in astronomy, a career whose seeds had been sown even as a young child when he would often "try to count the stars".[5] 3. Astronomy In January 1906, Eddington was nominated to the post of chief assistant to the Astronomer Royal at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. He left Cambridge for Greenwich the following month. He was put to work on a detailed analysis of the parallax of 433 Eros on photographic plates that had started in 1900. He developed a new statistical method based on the apparent drift of two background stars, winning him the Smith's Prize in 1907. The prize won him a Fellowship of Trinity College, Cambridge. In December 1912 George Darwin, son of Charles Darwin, died suddenly and Eddington was promoted to his chair as the Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy in early 1913. Later that year, Robert Ball, holder of the theoretical Lowndean chair also died, and Eddington was named the director of the entire Cambridge Observatory the next year. In May 1914 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society: he was awarded the Royal Medal in 1928 and delivered the Bakerian Lecture in 1926.[6] Eddington also investigated the interior of stars through theory, and developed the first true understanding of stellar processes. He began this in 1916 with investigations of possible physical explanations for Cepheid variable stars. He began by extending Karl Schwarzschild's earlier work on radiation pressure in Emden polytropic models. These models treated a star as a sphere of gas held up against gravity by internal thermal pressure, and one of Eddington's chief additions was to show that radiation pressure was necessary to prevent collapse of the sphere. He developed his model despite knowingly lacking firm foundations for understanding opacity and energy generation in the stellar interior. However, his results allowed for calculation of temperature, density and pressure at all points inside a star (thermodynamic anisotropy), and Eddington argued that his theory was so useful for further astrophysical investigation that it should be retained despite not being based on completely accepted physics. James Jeans contributed the important suggestion that stellar matter would certainly be ionized, but that was the end of any collaboration between the pair, who became famous for their lively debates. Eddington defended his method by pointing to the utility of his results, particularly his important mass-luminosity relation. This had the unexpected result of showing that virtually all stars, including giants and dwarfs, behaved as ideal gases. In the process of developing his stellar models, he sought to overturn current thinking about the sources of stellar energy. Jeans and others defended the Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism, which was based on classical mechanics, while Eddington speculated broadly about the qualitative and quantitative consequences of possible proton-electron annihilation and nuclear fusion processes. Around 1920, he anticipated the discovery and mechanism of nuclear fusion processes in stars, in his paper The Internal Constitution of the Stars.[2][3] At that time, the source of stellar energy was a complete mystery; Eddington correctly speculated that the source was fusion of hydrogen into helium, liberating enormous energy according to Einstein's equation E = mc2. This was a particularly remarkable development since at that time fusion and thermonuclear energy, and even the fact that stars are largely composed of hydrogen (see metallicity), had not yet been discovered. Eddington's paper, based on knowledge at the time, reasoned that: The leading theory of stellar energy, the contraction hypothesis, should cause stars' rotation to visibly speed up due to conservation of angular momentum. But observations of Cepheid variable stars showed this was not happening. The only other known plausible source of energy was conversion of matter to energy; Einstein had shown some years earlier that a small amount of matter was equivalent to a large amount of energy. Francis Aston had also recently shown that the mass of a helium atom was about 0.8% less than the mass of the four hydrogen atoms which would, combined, form a helium atom, suggesting that if such a combination could happen, it would release considerable energy as a byproduct. If a star contained just 5% of fusible hydrogen, it would suffice to explain how stars got their energy. (We now know that most 'ordinary' stars contain far more than 5% hydrogen) Further elements might also be fused, and other scientists had speculated that stars were the "crucible" in which light elements combined to create heavy elements, but without more accurate measurements of their atomic masses nothing more could be said at the time. All of these speculations were proven correct in the following decades. With these assumptions, he demonstrated that the interior temperature of stars must be millions of degrees. In 1924, he discovered the mass-luminosity relation for stars (see Lecchini in #External links and references ). Despite some disagreement, Eddington's models were eventually accepted as a powerful tool for further investigation, particularly in issues of stellar evolution. The confirmation of his estimated stellar diameters by Michelson in 1920 proved crucial in convincing astronomers unused to Eddington's intuitive, exploratory style. Eddington's theory appeared in mature form in 1926 as The Internal Constitution of the Stars, which became an important text for training an entire generation of astrophysicists. Eddington's work in astrophysics in the late 1920s and the 1930s continued his work in stellar structure, and precipitated further clashes with Jeans and Edward Arthur Milne. An important topic was the extension of his models to take advantage of developments in quantum physics, including the use of degeneracy physics in describing dwarf stars. 3.1. Dispute with Chandrasekhar on Existence of Black Holes The topic of extension of his models precipitated his dispute with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, who was then a student at Cambridge. Chandrasekhar's work presaged the discovery of black holes, which at the time seemed so absurdly non-physical that Eddington refused to believe that Chandrasekhar's purely mathematical derivation had consequences for the real world. Eddington was wrong and his motivation is controversial. Chandrasekhar's narrative of this incident, in which his work is harshly rejected, portrays Eddington as rather cruel, dogmatic, and racist. Eddington's criticism seems to have been based on a suspicion that a purely mathematical derivation from relativity theory was not enough to explain the seemingly daunting physical paradoxes that were inherent to degenerate stars.[7] 4. Relativity During World War I, Eddington was Secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society, which meant he was the first to receive a series of letters and papers from Willem de Sitter regarding Einstein's theory of general relativity. Eddington was fortunate in being not only one of the few astronomers with the mathematical skills to understand general relativity, but owing to his internationalist and pacifist views inspired by his Quaker religious beliefs,[5][8] one of the few at the time who was still interested in pursuing a theory developed by a German physicist. He quickly became the chief supporter and expositor of relativity in Britain. He and Astronomer Royal Frank Watson Dyson organized two expeditions to observe a solar eclipse in 1919 to make the first empirical test of Einstein's theory: the measurement of the deflection of light by the sun's gravitational field. In fact, Dyson's argument for the indispensability of Eddington's expertise in this test was what prevented Eddington from eventually having to enter military service.[5][8] When conscription was introduced in Britain on 2 March 1916, Eddington intended to apply for an exemption as a conscientious objector.[5] Cambridge University authorities instead requested and were granted an exemption on the ground of Eddington's work being of national interest. In 1918, this was appealed against by the Ministry of National Service. Before the appeal tribunal in June, Eddington claimed conscientious objector status, which was not recognized and would have ended his exemption in August 1918. A further two hearings took place in June and July, respectively. Eddington's personal statement at the June hearing about his objection to war based on religious grounds is on record.[5] Astronomer Royal, Sir Frank Dyson, supported Eddington at the July hearing with a written statement, emphasising Eddington's essential role in the solar eclipse expedition to Príncipe in May 1919. Eddington made clear his willingness to serve in the Friends' Ambulance Unit, under the jurisdiction of the British Red Cross, or as a harvest labourer. However, the tribunal's decision to grant a further twelve months' exemption from military service was on condition of Eddington continuing his astronomy work, in particular in preparation for the Príncipe expedition.[5][8] The war ended before the end of his exemption. After the war, Eddington travelled to the island of Príncipe off the west coast of Africa to watch the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919. During the eclipse, he took pictures of the stars (several stars in the Hyades cluster include Kappa Tauri of the constellation Taurus) in the region around the Sun.[9] According to the theory of general relativity, stars with light rays that passed near the Sun would appear to have been slightly shifted because their light had been curved by its gravitational field. This effect is noticeable only during eclipses, since otherwise the Sun's brightness obscures the affected stars. Eddington showed that Newtonian gravitation could be interpreted to predict half the shift predicted by Einstein. Eddington's observations published the next year[9] confirmed Einstein's theory, and were hailed at the time as evidence of general relativity over the Newtonian model. The news was reported in newspapers all over the world as a major story. Afterward, Eddington embarked on a campaign to popularize relativity and the expedition as landmarks both in scientific development and international scientific relations. It has been claimed that Eddington's observations were of poor quality, and he had unjustly discounted simultaneous observations at Sobral, Brazil, which appeared closer to the Newtonian model, but a 1979 re-analysis with modern measuring equipment and contemporary software validated Eddington's results and conclusions.[10] The quality of the 1919 results was indeed poor compared to later observations, but was sufficient to persuade contemporary astronomers. The rejection of the results from the Brazil expedition was due to a defect in the telescopes used which, again, was completely accepted and well understood by contemporary astronomers.[11] Throughout this period, Eddington lectured on relativity, and was particularly well known for his ability to explain the concepts in lay terms as well as scientific. He collected many of these into the Mathematical Theory of Relativity in 1923, which Albert Einstein suggested was "the finest presentation of the subject in any language." He was an early advocate of Einstein's General Relativity, and an interesting anecdote well illustrates his humour and personal intellectual investment: Ludwik Silberstein, a physicist who thought of himself as an expert on relativity, approached Eddington at the Royal Society's (6 November) 1919 meeting where he had defended Einstein's Relativity with his Brazil-Príncipe Solar Eclipse calculations with some degree of scepticism, and ruefully charged Arthur as one who claimed to be one of three men who actually understood the theory (Silberstein, of course, was including himself and Einstein as the other). When Eddington refrained from replying, he insisted Arthur not be "so shy", whereupon Eddington replied, "Oh, no! I was wondering who the third one might be!"[12] 5. Cosmology Eddington was also heavily involved with the development of the first generation of general relativistic cosmological models. He had been investigating the instability of the Einstein universe when he learned of both Lemaître's 1927 paper postulating an expanding or contracting universe and Hubble's work on the recession of the spiral nebulae. He felt the cosmological constant must have played the crucial role in the universe's evolution from an Einsteinian steady state to its current expanding state, and most of his cosmological investigations focused on the constant's significance and characteristics. In The Mathematical Theory of Relativity, Eddington interpreted the cosmological constant to mean that the universe is "self-gauging". 6. Fundamental Theory and the Eddington Number During the 1920s until his death, Eddington increasingly concentrated on what he called "fundamental theory" which was intended to be a unification of quantum theory, relativity, cosmology, and gravitation. At first he progressed along "traditional" lines, but turned increasingly to an almost numerological analysis of the dimensionless ratios of fundamental constants. His basic approach was to combine several fundamental constants in order to produce a dimensionless number. In many cases these would result in numbers close to 1040, its square, or its square root. He was convinced that the mass of the proton and the charge of the electron were a natural and complete specification for constructing a Universe and that their values were not accidental. One of the discoverers of quantum mechanics, Paul Dirac, also pursued this line of investigation, which has become known as the Dirac large numbers hypothesis, and some scientists even today believe it has something to it. A somewhat damaging statement in his defence of these concepts involved the fine-structure constant, α. At the time it was measured to be very close to 1/136, and he argued that the value should in fact be exactly 1/136 for epistemological reasons. Later measurements placed the value much closer to 1/137, at which point he switched his line of reasoning to argue that one more should be added to the degrees of freedom, so that the value should in fact be exactly 1/137, the Eddington number.[13] Wags at the time started calling him "Arthur Adding-one".[14] This change of stance detracted from Eddington's credibility in the physics community. The current measured value is estimated at 1/137.035 999 074(44). Eddington believed he had identified an algebraic basis for fundamental physics, which he termed "E-numbers" (representing a certain group – a Clifford algebra). These in effect incorporated spacetime into a higher-dimensional structure. While his theory has long been neglected by the general physics community, similar algebraic notions underlie many modern attempts at a grand unified theory. Moreover, Eddington's emphasis on the values of the fundamental constants, and specifically upon dimensionless numbers derived from them, is nowadays a central concern of physics. In particular, he predicted a number of hydrogen atoms in the Universe 136 × 2256, or equivalently the half of the total number of particles protons + electrons.[15] He did not complete this line of research before his death in 1944; his book Fundamental Theory was published posthumously in 1948. 6.1. Eddington Number for Cycling Eddington is credited with devising a measure of a cyclist's long-distance riding achievements. The Eddington number in the context of cycling is defined as the maximum number E such that the cyclist has cycled E miles on E days.[16][17] For example, an Eddington number of 70 would imply that the cyclist has cycled at least 70 miles in a day on 70 occasions. Achieving a high Eddington number is difficult since moving from, say, 70 to 75 will probably require more than five new long distance rides, since any rides shorter than 75 miles will no longer be included in the reckoning. Eddington's own E-number was 84.[18] The Eddington number for cycling is analogous to the h-index that quantifies both the actual scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. The Eddington Number for cycling involves units of both distance and time. For example, an E of 62 means a cyclist has covered 62 or more miles on 62 or more days. 62 miles is the same distance as 100 km. However, it is possible that the cyclist, while having covered 100 km on 62 days or more, may not have covered 100 km on 100 days or more. Thus the order of bicyclists may change depending on units used. Using the original miles, one cyclist may have an Eddington number of 60 – 60 miles (97 km) in 60 days, another of 50 (corresponding to 80 km). However, the latter may be a regular on a distance like this and get a km-Eddington of 80, while the former only had those 60 days riding, and thus stays at a km-Eddington of 60. 7. Philosophy 7.1. Idealism Eddington wrote in his book The Nature of the Physical World that "The stuff of the world is mind-stuff." The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds ... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it ... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the world of physics is constructed, has entered in the form of messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness ... Consciousness is not sharply defined, but fades into subconsciousness; and beyond that we must postulate something indefinite but yet continuous with our mental nature ... It is difficult for the matter-of-fact physicist to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character. But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference. —Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World, 276–81. The idealist conclusion was not integral to his epistemology but was based on two main arguments. The first derives directly from current physical theory. Briefly, mechanical theories of the ether and of the behaviour of fundamental particles have been discarded in both relativity and quantum physics. From this, Eddington inferred that a materialistic metaphysics was outmoded and that, in consequence, since the disjunction of materialism or idealism are assumed to be exhaustive, an idealistic metaphysics is required. The second, and more interesting argument, was based on Eddington's epistemology, and may be regarded as consisting of two parts. First, all we know of the objective world is its structure, and the structure of the objective world is precisely mirrored in our own consciousness. We therefore have no reason to doubt that the objective world too is "mind-stuff". Dualistic metaphysics, then, cannot be evidentially supported. But, second, not only can we not know that the objective world is nonmentalistic, we also cannot intelligibly suppose that it could be material. To conceive of a dualism entails attributing material properties to the objective world. However, this presupposes that we could observe that the objective world has material properties. But this is absurd, for whatever is observed must ultimately be the content of our own consciousness, and consequently, nonmaterial. Ian Barbour, in his book Issues in Science and Religion (1966), p. 133, cites Eddington's The Nature of the Physical World (1928) for a text that argues the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principles provides a scientific basis for "the defense of the idea of human freedom" and his Science and the Unseen World (1929) for support of philosophical idealism "the thesis that reality is basically mental". Charles De Koninck points out that Eddington believed in objective reality existing apart from our minds, but was using the phrase "mind-stuff" to highlight the inherent intelligibility of the world: that our minds and the physical world are made of the same "stuff" and that our minds are the inescapable connection to the world.[19] As De Koninck quotes Eddington, There is a doctrine well known to philosophers that the moon ceases to exist when no one is looking at it. I will not discuss the doctrine since I have not the least idea what is the meaning of the word existence when used in this connection. At any rate the science of astronomy has not been based on this spasmodic kind of moon. In the scientific world (which has to fulfill functions less vague than merely existing) there is a moon which appeared on the scene before the astronomer; it reflects sunlight when no one sees it; it has mass when no one is measuring the mass; it is distant 240,000 miles from the earth when no one is surveying the distance; and it will eclipse the sun in 1999 even if the human race has succeeded in killing itself off before that date. —Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World, 226 7.2. Indeterminism Against Albert Einstein and others who advocated determinism, indeterminism—championed by Eddington[19]—says that a physical object has an ontologically undetermined component that is not due to the epistemological limitations of physicists' understanding. The uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, then, would not necessarily be due to hidden variables but to an indeterminism in nature itself. 8. Popular and Philosophical Writings Eddington wrote a parody of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, recounting his 1919 solar eclipse experiment. It contained the following quatrain:[20] Oh leave the Wise our measures to collate One thing at least is certain, LIGHT has WEIGHT, One thing is certain, and the rest debate— Light-rays, when near the Sun, DO NOT GO STRAIGHT. During the 1920s and 30s, Eddington gave numerous lectures, interviews, and radio broadcasts on relativity, in addition to his textbook The Mathematical Theory of Relativity, and later, quantum mechanics. Many of these were gathered into books, including The Nature of the Physical World and New Pathways in Science. His use of literary allusions and humour helped make these difficult subjects more accessible. Eddington's books and lectures were immensely popular with the public, not only because of his clear exposition, but also for his willingness to discuss the philosophical and religious implications of the new physics. He argued for a deeply rooted philosophical harmony between scientific investigation and religious mysticism, and also that the positivist nature of relativity and quantum physics provided new room for personal religious experience and free will. Unlike many other spiritual scientists, he rejected the idea that science could provide proof of religious propositions. He is sometimes misunderstood as having promoted the infinite monkey theorem in his 1928 book The Nature of the Physical World, with the phrase "If an army of monkeys were strumming on typewriters, they might write all the books in the British Museum". It is clear from the context that Eddington is not suggesting that the probability of this happening is worthy of serious consideration. On the contrary, it was a rhetorical illustration of the fact that below certain levels of probability, the term improbable is functionally equivalent to impossible. His popular writings made him a household name in Great Britain between the world wars. 9. Death Eddington died of cancer in the Evelyn Nursing Home, Cambridge, on 22 November 1944.[21] He was unmarried. His body was cremated at Cambridge Crematorium (Cambridgeshire) on 27 November 1944; the cremated remains were buried in the grave of his mother in the Ascension Parish Burial Ground in Cambridge. Cambridge University's North West Cambridge Development has been named "Eddington" in his honour. 9.1. Obituaries Obituary by Henry Norris Russell, Astrophysical Journal 101 (1943–46) 133 Obituary by A. Vibert Douglas, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, 39 (1943–46) 1 Obituary by H. Spencer Jones and E. T. Whittaker, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 105 (1943–46) 68 Obituary by Herbert Dingle, The Observatory 66 (1943–46) 1 The Times, Thursday, 23 November 1944; pg. 7; Issue 49998; col D: Obituary (unsigned) – Image of cutting available at O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Arthur Eddington", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Eddington.html . 10. Honours 11. In Popular Culture Eddington is a central figure in the short story "The Mathematician's Nightmare: The Vision of Professor Squarepunt" by Bertrand Russell, a work featured in The Mathematical Magpie by Clifton Fadiman. He was portrayed by David Tennant in the television film Einstein and Eddington, a co-production of the BBC and HBO, broadcast in the United Kingdom on Saturday, 22 November 2008, on BBC2. His thoughts on humour and religious experience were quoted in the adventure game The Witness, a production of the Thelka, Inc., released on 26 January 2016. Time (magazine) placed him on the cover on 16 April 1934.[26] 12. Publications
4591	dbpedia	2	12	https://www.strath.ac.uk/whystrathclyde/news/2024/threestrathclydersamongnewroyalsocietyofedinburghfellows/	en	Three Strathclyders among new Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows	https://www.strath.ac.uk…c.0OTX0oUP5N.jpg	https://www.strath.ac.uk…c.0OTX0oUP5N.jpg	[ "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/webteam/logos/crest-jubilee-390x60.svg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/1600x600/xStrathclyde_Uni_Campus_Image_-01_banner.jpg.pagespeed.ic.0aLmkWhnnH.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/330x330/gilliandocherty_330.png", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/500x500/KM_pic.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/500x500/Apala_Majumdar.png", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/1600x600/xStrategic_Partnership_10-1600.jpg.pagespeed.ic.ytCbTQ6Iz5.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/1600x600/xcourt_1600x600_getty.jpg.pagespeed.ic.SJCVw--zzp.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/1600x600/xWorm_fossil.png.pagespeed.ic._wJduoNn4V.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/1600x600/xMedicines_-_biomedicine_banner.jpg.pagespeed.ic.AdPSdz-oi9.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/1600x600/xflamebanner_1600x600_getty.jpg.pagespeed.ic.qLXzrIwAB5.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/1600x600/xQuantum_computer_1600_-_Getty.jpg.pagespeed.ic.u7KNBgt_AQ.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/webteam/logos/200x60xstrathcrest-whitetext-202x60.png.pagespeed.ic.JP0d5Psbgb.png", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/webteam/homepageimages/180x283xlocation-map.png.pagespeed.ic.AEmhTn-wTh.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2015-02-17T20:00:00		en	/media/1newwebsite/favicon/xapple-touch-icon.png,q20180627.pagespeed.ic.6DdtSMVOG0.png		https://www.strath.ac.uk/whystrathclyde/news/2024/threestrathclydersamongnewroyalsocietyofedinburghfellows/	Three Strathclyders have been newly elected as Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE). The University’s Chief Commercial Officer, Gillian Docherty OBE, Professor Keith Mathieson, of Strathclyde’s Institute of Photonics, in the University’s Department of Physics, and Professor Apala Majumdar, Associate Dean (International Research) of Strathclyde’s Faculty of Science, are among the 57 new Fellows announced by the RSE. Challenges The RSE recognises, supports, and mobilises expertise from across academia, business, and public service for the benefit of Scotland and the wider world. It engages and connects nationally and internationally to share knowledge and tackle the most pressing challenges of the modern world. Strathclyde Principal and Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir Jim McDonald, who is himself a Fellow of the RSE, said: “It is always a great pleasure to see our fellow Strathclyders receive prestigious recognition for their work. The nature and profile of these RSE Fellowships are very much in keeping with the goals we pursue at Strathclyde. Gillian, Keith and Apala are exceptionally talented individuals who have all played significant parts in our success in recent years. I warmly congratulate each of them on such well-deserved achievement and the professional recognition this represents. Gillian Docherty joined Strathclyde in 2022 from The Data Lab, where she had been Chief Executive. She leads the University’s approach to collaboration by accelerating the development of new technologies, helping companies compete internationally, informing public policy and supporting the economy. She was appointed an OBE in 2019 for Services to Information Technology and Business. Professor Mathieson is currently the Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies at Strathclyde, a 10-year post he will hold until 2029. He was previously Director of the Institute of Photonics and helped lead Strathclyde’s winning bid for the 2023 Queen’s Anniversary Prize for Photonics Innovation. His research explores technologies that interface with the brain and aim to advance treatments for brain disorders, dementia and sight loss. Professor Majumdar is based in of Strathclyde’s Department of Mathematics and Statistics. Her own research focuses on the mathematics and modelling of liquid crystals and partially ordered materials, including their applications in industry. She received a Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award from the Humboldt Foundation in 2022 and a Suffrage Science Award in 2020; the latter award recognised her academic achievements and her work in promoting STEM subjects for the next generation. SE President Professor Sir John Ball PRSE, said: “It is an immense honour to extend a warm welcome to each of our distinguished new Fellows. “Individually, they embody exceptional dedication and accomplishment spanning multiple sectors and disciplines. Collectively, they demonstrate a profound commitment and determination to make meaningful contributions through their endeavours. “From groundbreaking research that redefines our understanding to the creative pursuits that inspire and enrich our cultural landscape, the RSE proudly embraces the brightest minds, leveraging their unique expertise and perspectives for the betterment of society. “As Scotland’s National Academy, we remain committed to mobilising a diverse array of expertise to confront society's most pressing challenges, and I am certain that our new Fellows will prove invaluable assets to the RSE.”
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"https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg", "https://nla.gov.au/tarkine/images/not-available-online.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://assets.nla.gov.a…e/favicon-16.png	Trove	https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1127152974	Collection Summary Creator Royal Society of Great Britain Title Records and Collections of the Royal Society (as filmed by the AJCP) Date Range August 1642 - 1970 Collection Number M1927-M1940 Extent 395 items Language of Materials English Repository Australian Joint Copying Project Sponsor The Australian Joint Copying Project (AJCP) online portal was created with the assistance of the Australian Public Service Modernisation Fund, 2017-2020. The National Library of Australia gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the other foundation AJCP partners, the State Library of New South Wales and The National Archives of the UK, and all other organisations which supported the work of the AJCP, the world's most extensive collaborative copying project, operating from 1948 to 1997. Introduction Scope and Contents Records 1699-1937 of the Royal Society comprising council and committee minutes, correspondence, letter-books, manuscripts, referee reports and other archives. Among the many subjects dealt with in the records are: the 1769 transit of Venus; the voyages of Captain James Cook; the Cook Medal; Australian and New Zealand fauna; meteorological, magnetic and astronomical observations; the Great Melbourne Telescope; elections of Fellows; publications; solar eclipse expeditions; the 1883 Krakatoa eruption; the Funafuti coral reef expeditions; Antarctic exploration; award of medals; and scientific conferences. Correspondents include Captain James Cook, Sir Joseph Banks, Sir Everard Home, Captain M. Flinders, Sir Thomas Brisbane, C. Rumker, W.B. Clarke, G. Neumayer, R.L.J. Ellery, Sir George Verdon, Sir James Hector, Sir Julius von Haast, A. Liversidge, Sir Ferdinand von Mueller, A.C. Haddon, Sir Edgeworth David, Sir William Bragg, Sir Orme Masson, Lord Rutherford, Sir Douglas Mawson and L. Cockayne. Letters 1774-1820 received by Sir Charles Blagden referring to: illness of Omai; crossing of Blue Mountains; cession of Bencoolen to Dutch; Captain N. Baudin; Daniel Solander; and William Bligh. Correspondents are Sir Joseph Banks, C.M. Pole and Lord Mulgrave. Correspondence 1822-1870 of Sir John F.W. Herschel. Subjects include: astronomical observations of Sir Thomas Brisbane and C. Rumker; Melbourne telescope; Parramatta Obseratory; Indigenous Australians in Tasmania; preservation and identification of Australian Aboriginal dialects; colonial legislation; Hobart Observatory; and Antarctic expedition of Captain J.C. Ross. Correspondents include G.B. Airy, F. Baily, Captain F. Beaufort, Captain R. FitzRoy, H. Lloyd, Sir Edward Sabine, W.H. Smyth, Sir John Franklin and Sir Redmond Barry. Letters 1905-1921 sent to Sir Joseph Larmor referring to New Zealand magnetic survey, and publication of papers by Australian and New Zealand scientists. Correspondence 1832-1859 of Sir John W. Lubbock relating to 1840-1844 Antarctic Expedition and establishment of fixed magnetic observatories. Correspondents include Lord Northampton and Sir Edward Sabine. Photocopies of correspondence 1890-1936 of Lord Rutherford. Subjects include: Rutherford's research; award of 1908 Nobel Prize; academic appointments; visits to New Zealand; publications; and World War I. Correspondents include A. Bickerton, Sir William Bragg, T.H. Laby, E. Marsden, J. Marsden and J.A. Pollock. Correspondence 1825-1873 of Sir Edward Sabine mainly concerning: magnetic and meteorological observations at Java and Australia; Melbourne Observatory; expedition of Captain J.C. Ross; and the purchase of the Great Melbourne Telescope. Correspondents include C. Buys-Ballot, R.L.J. Ellery, Sir John Herschel, J.H. Kay, G. Neumayer, W.P. Wilson and C. Elliot. Conditions Governing Access Available for Access. Conditions Governing Use Many of the records digitised as part of the AJCP are still in copyright. Readers wishing to publish or reproduce documents should seek permission, in the first instance, from The Royal Society London. Preferred Citation Acknowledgement of use of this material should refer to the location of the original material and to the Australian Joint Copying Project. Items from this collection should include references to The Royal Society London and to the AJCP nla.obj number, which serves as the online identifier for the digital copy. Example: M Series: E.Sabine to Fox, 15 December 1855, The Royal Society, MS 710 File 91, (AJCP ref: http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1411919952). Archival History Material selectively filmed at the Royal Society Library, London, as part of the Australian Joint Copying Project, 1983 (AJCP Reels: M1927-M1940). Original microfilm digitised as part of the AJCP Online Delivery Project, 2017-2020. Existence and Location of Originals The Royal Society Library, Carlton House Terrace, London, England. For more information see the Royal Society Collections. (https://royalsociety.org/collections/) Existence and Location of Copies The original AJCP microfilm of the records filmed from this collection is available at the National Library of Australia [https://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn8052253] as well as other institutions holding AJCP microfilm. Finding-aid Notes This finding aid is a revised online version of the original finding aid prepared by the Australian Joint Copying Project (AJCP), published by the National Library of Australia in 2019. The original AJCP finding aids were unpublished typescripts or photocopies available from libraries that held copies of the original microfilm. Dates used in this finding aid refer to the date range of the records selected for filming rather than to the date range of the Series or Files. Advisory Statement Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are advised that this Finding Aid contains material and descriptive information which may be considered culturally sensitive and may cause distress, including names and images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people now deceased. This Finding Aid contains terms that reflect authors' views or those of the historical period, but which may not be considered appropriate today. While the information may not reflect current understanding, it is provided in an historical context. Bibliography Originally cited in Australian Joint Copying Project Handbook. Part 8: Miscellaneous (M) Series. Third Edition, published 1998. Entry 399, p154. [http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-397322928] Biographical / Historical In November 1660 a meeting of philosophers at Gresham College resolved that there should be an association for the 'promoting of experimental philosophy'. King Charles II signified his approval of the new society and in 1661 the name Royal Society began to be used. A Royal Charter of Incorporation was granted on 15 July 1662. By 1671 there were 187 Fellows and 12 Foreign Members. The membership increased steadily in the eighteenth century and by 1761 there were 352 Fellows. The Society had by then become one of the major scientific societies in the world and increasingly its advice was sought by the Government on any scientific questions. However, only a small proportion of the Fellows were proper scientists who contribute to the society's publications. In 1846 the Statutes were amended in order to limit the number of Fellows elected in a year to 15 and this transformed the Society into a body comprising; solely the most outstanding professional scientists. For most of the eighteenth century the Society was based at Crane Court. In 1780 it moved to Somerset House, in 1857 to Burlington House, and in 1967 to Carlton House Terrace. Many of its activities, such as its lectures, publications and collections of books, manuscripts and portraits date from its earliest years. The Philosophical Transactions were first published in 1665, while the Proceedings commenced in 1832 and the Catalogue of Scientific Publications in 1866. A very large number of separate works have also been published. Medals were awarded in the eighteenth century, but the major medals, such as the Royal, Eavy and Darwin, were mainly established in the nineteenth century. In addition to its traditional activities, the Society has since the mid-nineteenth century been increasingly concerned with the funding of research, the award of research professorships and fellowships, and British representation on international associations and conferences.
4591	dbpedia	2	86	https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/three-yas-alumni-welcomed-into-the-rse/	en	Three YAS alumni welcomed into the RSE : Young Academy of Scotland	https://www.youngacademy…-yas/favicon.png	https://www.youngacademy…-yas/favicon.png	[ "https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/RSE-MAIN-LOGO-BLACK-400x360.png", "https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/empty-lecture-hall-800x600.jpg", "https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Rothiesholm-Credit-Tom-Bastin-51484634300_c5d1a3eca3_w.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Young Academy of Scotland" ]	2023-03-21T10:42:00	We bring together young professionals from all sectors to work together	en	/favicon.ico		null	Our senior academy, The Royal Society of Edinburgh, has today announced 91 newly-elected Fellows. They will be joining the RSE’s current Fellowship, which comprises 1,800 people who are recognised as being some of the greatest thinkers, researchers and practitioners in their field working in or with organisations in Scotland today. We are delighted that three alumni of the Young Academy of Scotland are amoung them: Dr Fiona McNeill, Reader in Computer Science Education, University of Edinburgh Professor Harish Nair, Professor of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Edinburgh Mr Peter Reekie, Chief Executive, Scottish Futures Trust These new Fellows join 39 other YAS members and alumni who have previously been welcomed into the RSE. While YAS members do not automatically become Fellows, the increasing number of YAS members and alumni in the RSE Fellowship is testament to the excellence, drive, and creativity of our members. To be appointed RSE Fellows, these individuals have undergone rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and the contribution they and their work make to wider society. Professor Sir John Ball, President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, said: “It is a great privilege to welcome our new Fellows – they represent outstanding commitment and achievement at the highest level across a diverse range of sectors. From scientific advancement that changes lives to leading business innovation recognised across the world, the RSE welcomes the best minds to harness their unique insight and make knowledge useful for the greater good.” More information on the all new Fellows, including the YAS members being inducted this year can be found on the RSE website.
4591	dbpedia	2	69	https://www.mit.edu/~kardar/research/seminars/knots/history/Maxwell.html	en	Maxwell			[ "https://www.mit.edu/~kardar/research/seminars/knots/history/Maxwell.jpg", "https://www.mit.edu/~kardar/research/seminars/knots/Diagrams/crest.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Biography of James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)				null	James Clerk Maxwell Born: 13 June 1831 in Edinburgh, Scotland Died: 5 Nov 1879 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England James Clerk Maxwell was born at 14 India Street in Edinburgh, a house built by his parents in the 1820s, but shortly afterwards his family moved to their home at Glenlair in Kirkcudbrightshire about 20 km from Dumfries. There he enjoyed a country upbringing and his natural curiosity displayed itself at an early age. In a letter written on 25 April 1834 when 'The Boy' was not yet three years old he is described as follows, see [4]:- He is a very happy man, and has improved much since the weather got moderate; he has great work with doors, locks, keys etc., and 'Show me how it doos' is never out of his mouth. He also investigates the hidden course of streams and bell-wires, the way the water gets from the pond through the wall and a pend or small bridge and down a drain ... When James was eight years old his mother died. His parents plan that they would educate him at home until he was 13 years old, and that he would then be able to go the Edinburgh University, fell through. A 16 year old boy was hired to act as tutor but the arrangement was not a successful one and it was decided that James should attend the Edinburgh Academy. James, together with his family, arrived at 31 Heriot Row, the house of Isabella Wedderburn his father's sister, on 18 November 1841. He attended Edinburgh Academy where he had the nickname 'Dafty'. P G Tait, although almost the same age, was one class below James. Tait, who would become a close school friend and friend for life, described Maxwell's school days [39]:- At school he was at first regarded as shy and rather dull. he made no friendships and spent his occasional holidays in reading old ballads, drawing curious diagrams and making rude mechanical models. This absorption in such pursuits, totally unintelligible to his schoolfellows, who were then totally ignorant of mathematics, procured him a not very complimentary nickname. About the middle of his school career however he surprised his companions by suddenly becoming one of the most brilliant among them, gaining prizes and sometimes the highest prizes for scholarship, mathematics, and English verse. In early 1846 at the age of 14, Maxwell wrote a paper on ovals. In this work he generalised the definition of an ellipse by defining the locus of a point where the sum of m times the distance from one fixed point plus n times the distance from a second fixed point is constant. If m = n = 1 then the curve is an ellipse. Maxwell also defined curves where there were more than two foci. This became his first paper On the description of oval curves, and those having a plurality of foci which was read to the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 6 April 1846. These ideas were not entirely new as Descartes had defined such curves before but the work was remarkable for a 14 year old. Maxwell was not dux of the Edinburgh Academy, this honour going to Lewis Campbell who later became the professor of Greek at the University of St Andrews. Lewis Campbell was a close friend of Maxwell's and he wrote the biography [3] and its second edition [4]. These biographies make fascinating reading filled with personal memories. At the age of 16, in November 1847, Maxwell entered the second Mathematics class taught by Kelland, the natural philosophy (physics) class taught by Forbes and the logic class taught by William Hamilton. Tait, also at the University of Edinburgh, later wrote in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1879-80) [4]:- The winter of 1847 found us together in the classes of Forbes and Kelland, where he highly distinguished himself. With the former he was a particular favourite, being admitted to the free use of the class apparatus for original experiments. ... During this period he wrote two valuable papers which are published in our Transactions, on The Theory of Rolling Curves and The Equilibrium of Elastic Solids. The University of Edinburgh still has a record of books that Maxwell borrowed to take home while an undergraduate. These include Cauchy, Calcul Differentiel Fourier, Theorie de la Chaleur Monge, Géometrie Descriptive Newton, Optics Poisson, Mechanics Taylor, Scientific Memoirs Willis, Principles of Mechanism Maxwell went to Peterhouse Cambridge in October 1850 but moved to Trinity where he believed that it was easier to obtain a fellowship. Again we quote Tait's article in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1879-80):- ... he brought to Cambridge in the autumn of 1850, a mass of knowledge which was really immense for so young a man, but in a state of disorder appalling to his methodical private tutor. Though the tutor was William Hopkins, the pupil to a great extent took his own way, and it may safely be said that no high wrangler of recent years ever entered the Senate-house more imperfectly trained to produce 'paying' work than did Clerk Maxwell. But by sheer strength of intellect, though with the very minimum of knowledge how to use it to advantage under the conditions of the Examination, he obtained the position of Second Wrangler, and was bracketed equal with the Senior Wrangler, in the higher ordeal of the Smith's Prizes. Thomson [39] describes Maxwell's undergraduate days:- ... Scholars dined together at one table. This bought Maxwell into daily contact with the most intellectual set in the College, among whom were many who attained distinction in later life. These in spite of his shyness and some eccentricities recognised his exceptional powers. ... The impression of power which Maxwell produced on all he met was remarkable; it was often much more due to his personality than to what he said, for many found it difficult to follow him in his quick changes from one subject to another, his lively imagination started so many hares that before he had run one down he was off on another. Maxwell obtained his fellowship and graduated with a degree in mathematics from Trinity College in 1854. The First Wrangler in that year was Edward Routh, who as well as being an excellent mathematician was a genius at mastering the cramming methods required to succeed in the Cambridge Tripos of that time. Maxwell remained at Cambridge where he took pupils, then was awarded a Fellowship by Trinity to continue work. One of Maxwell's most important achievements was his extension and mathematical formulation of Michael Faraday's theories of electricity and magnetic lines of force. His paper On Faraday's lines of force was read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society in two parts, 1855 and 1856. Maxwell showed that a few relatively simple mathematical equations could express the behaviour of electric and magnetic fields and their interrelation. However, in early 1856, Maxwell's father became ill and Maxwell wanted to be able to spend more time with him. He therefore tried to obtain an appointment in Scotland, applying for the post of Professor of Natural Philosophy at Marischal College in Aberdeen when Forbes told him it was vacant. Maxwell travelled to Edinburgh for the Easter vacation of 1856 to be with his father and the two went together to Glenlair. On 3 April his father died and, shortly after, Maxwell returned to Cambridge as he had planned. Before the end of April he learnt that he had been appointed to the chair at Marischal College. In November 1856 Maxwell took up the appointment in Aberdeen. When the subject announced by St John's College Cambridge for the Adams Prize of 1857 was The Motion of Saturn's Rings Maxwell immediately interested. Maxwell and Tait had thought about the problem of Saturn's rings in 1847 while still pupils at the Edinburgh Academy. Maxwell decided to compete for the prize and his research at Aberdeen in his first two years was taken up with this topic. He showed that stability could be achieved only if the rings consisted of numerous small solid particles, an explanation now confirmed by the Voyager spacecraft. In a letter to Lewis Campbell, written on 28 August 1857, while he was at Glenlair, Maxwell wrote:- I have effected several breaches in the solid ring, and now am splash into the fluid one, amid a clash of symbols truly astounding. When I reappear it will be in the dusky ring, which is something like the siege of Sebastopol conducted from a forest of guns 100 miles one way, and 30,000 miles the other, and the shot never to stop, but go spinning away round a circle, radius 170,000 miles... Maxwell's essay won him the Adams Prize and Airy wrote:- It is one of the most remarkable applications of mathematics to physics that I have ever seen. Maxwell became engaged to marry Katherine Mary Dewar in February 1858 and they married in June 1859. Despite the fact that he was now married to the daughter of the Principal of Marischal College, in 1860, when Marischal College and King's College combined, Maxwell, as the junior of the department, had to seek another post. His scientific work, however, had been proceeding with great success. Stokes had written to him on 7 November 1857:- I have just received your papers on the dynamical top, etc., and the account of experiments on the perception of colour. The latter, which I missed seeing at the time when it was published, I have just read with great interest. The results afford most remarkable and important evidence in favour of the theory of three primary colour-perceptions, a theory which you, and you alone, as far as I know, have established on an exact numerical basis. When the Chair of Natural Philosophy at Edinburgh became vacant in 1859, Forbes having moved to St Andrews, it seemed that fate had smiled on Maxwell to bring him back to his home town. He asked Faraday to act as a referee for him, in a letter written on 30 November 1859. Many of Maxwell's friends were also applicants for this post including Tait and Routh. Maxwell lost out to Tait despite his outstanding scientific achievements. When the Edinburgh paper, the Courant, reported the result it noted that:- Professor Maxwell is already acknowledged to be one of the most remarkable men known to the scientific world. The reason he was not appointed must have been those given by the paper when they wrote:- ... there is another quality which is desirable in a Professor in a University like ours and that is the power of oral exposition proceeding on the supposition of imperfect knowledge or even total ignorance on the part of pupils. The claim that he was not the best person to teach poorly qualified pupils may have been a fair one but it is certainly not the case that he was a poor lecturer. Stokes wrote in 1854 that he had:- ... once been present when [Maxwell] was giving an account of his geometrical researches to the Cambridge Philosophical Society, on which occasion I was struck with the singularly lucid manner of his exposition. Again Fleming, who had attended Maxwell's lectures, expressed similar thoughts [19]:- Maxwell in short had too much learning and too much originality to be at his best in elementary teaching. For those however who could follow him his teaching was a delight. In 1860 Maxwell was appointed to the vacant chair of Natural Philosophy at King's College in London. The six years that Maxwell spent in this post were the years when he did his most important experimental work. The duties of the post were more demanding than those at Aberdeen. Campbell writes in [3]:- There were nine months of lecturing in the year, and evening lectures to artisans, etc., were recognised as a part of the Professor's duties. In London, around 1862, Maxwell calculated that the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic field is approximately that of the speed of light. He proposed that the phenomenon of light is therefore an electromagnetic phenomenon. Maxwell wrote the truly remarkable words:- We can scarcely avoid the conclusion that light consists in the transverse undulations of the same medium which is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. Maxwell also continued work he had begun at Aberdeen, considering the kinetic theory of gases. By treating gases statistically in 1866 he formulated, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. This theory showed that temperatures and heat involved only molecular movement. This theory meant a change from a concept of certainty, heat viewed as flowing from hot to cold, to one of statistics, molecules at high temperature have only a high probability of moving toward those at low temperature. Maxwell's approach did not reject the earlier studies of thermodynamics but used a better theory of the basis to explain the observations and experiments. Maxwell left King's College, London in the spring of 1865 and returned to his Scottish estate Glenlair. He made periodic trips to Cambridge and, rather reluctantly, accepted an offer from Cambridge to be the first Cavendish Professor of Physics in 1871. He designed the Cavendish laboratory and helped set it up. The Laboratory was formally opened on 16 June 1874. The four partial differential equations, now known as Maxwell's equations, first appeared in fully developed form in Electricity and Magnetism (1873). Most of this work was done by Maxwell at Glenlair during the period between holding his London post and his taking up the Cavendish chair. They are one of the great achievements of 19th-century mathematics. One of the tasks which occupied much of Maxwell's time between 1874 and 1879 was his work editing Henry Cavendish's papers. Cavendish, see [13]:- ... published only two papers [and] left twenty packages of manuscript on mathematical and experimental electricity. ... Maxwell entered upon this work with the utmost enthusiasm: he saturated his mind with the scientific literature of Cavendish's period; he repeated many of his experiments, and copied out the manuscript with his own hand. ... The volume entitled The Electrical Researches of the Honourable Henry Cavendish was published in 1879, and is unequalled as a chapter in the history of electricity. Fleming attended Maxwell's last lecture course at Cambridge. He writes [19]:- During the last term in May 1879 Maxwell's health evidently began to fail, but he continued to give his lectures up to the end of the term. ... To have enjoyed even a brief personal acquaintance with Professor Maxwell and the privilege of his oral instruction was in itself a liberal education, nay more, it was an inspiration, because everything he said or did carried the unmistakable mark of a genius which compelled not only the highest admiration but the greatest reverence as well. Maxwell returned with his wife, who was also ill, to Glenlair for the summer. His health continued to deteriorate and he suffered much pain although remained remarkably cheerful. On 8 October 1879 he returned with his wife to Cambridge but, by this time he could scarcely walk. One of the greatest scientists the world has known passed away on 5 November. His doctor, Dr Paget, said:- No man ever met death more consciously or more calmly. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page List of References (40 books/articles)Some Quotations (7)A Poster of James Clerk MaxwellMathematicians born in the same countryCross-references to History Topics A comment from Thomas Hirst's diary A visit to Maxwell's house in Edinburgh. General relativity An overview of the history of mathematics Special relativity Topology and Scottish mathematical physics Light through the ages: Relativity and quantum era Light through the ages: Ancient Greece to Maxwell Other references in MacTutor Chronology: 1840 to 1850 Chronology: 1850 to 1860 Chronology: 1860 to 1870 Chronology: 1870 to 1880 Project by Kevin Johnson Honours awarded to James Clerk Maxwell (Click a link below for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way) Fellow of the Royal Society Elected 1861 Royal Society Bakerian lecturer 1866 Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Lunar featuresCrater Maxwell Other Web sites I Hutchison NAHSTE James Maxwell Foundation IEEE (Exhibition on Maxwell and Faraday) Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index History Topics Societies, honours, etc. Famous curves Time lines Birthplace maps Chronology Search Form Glossary index Quotations index Poster index Mathematicians of the day Anniversaries for the year
4591	dbpedia	0	27	https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/scholarly-programs/books-by-fellows/	en	Books by Fellows	https://nationalhumaniti…t-1200x630-1.jpg	https://nationalhumaniti…t-1200x630-1.jpg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=218676779990309&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Levison_The-Greek-Life-of-Adam-and-Eve-300x450.jpg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Johnston_The-Middle-English-Book.jpg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Beckley_Rethinkning-Equal-Opportunity-300x450.jpeg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Lothspeich_The-Epic-World.jpeg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Wu_Birth-of-the-Geopolitical-Age-300x450.jpeg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Kelly_Old-Songs-r1-300x450.jpg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Gordon_Becoming-the-Ex-Wife-300x450.jpeg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Radding_Bountiful-Deserts-300x450.jpeg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Mueller_Sappho-and-Homer-r1.jpg", "https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Puff_TheAntechamber-300x450.jpeg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "NHC" ]	2022-07-13T13:59:41-04:00	During their residence year, NHC Fellows worked on the following published books. Many have been recognized with awards and prizes, which are listed within the bibliographic entry.		/apple-touch-icon.png	nationalhumanitiescenter.org	https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/scholarly-programs/books-by-fellows/
4591	dbpedia	1	84	http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/rutherford_ernest_16F.html	en	RUTHERFORD, ERNEST, 1st Baron RUTHERFORD – Dictionary of Canadian Biography	http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.7742.jpg	http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.7742.jpg	[ "http://www.biographi.ca/img/dcb_en.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/dcb_en_sm.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/facebook.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/twitter.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/facebook.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/twitter.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/w600.7742.jpg", "http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.7742.jpg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/zoom.png", "http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.7743.jpg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/zoom.png", "http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.7744.jpg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/zoom.png", "http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.7745.jpg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/zoom.png", "http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.7746.jpg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/zoom.png", "http://www.biographi.ca/bioimages/s500.11973.jpg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/zoom.png", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/uoft3.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/laval.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/cmh-logo.svg", "http://www.biographi.ca/img/govCan.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	RUTHERFORD, ERNEST, 1st Baron RUTHERFORD, physicist and university professor; b. 30 Aug. 1871 in Spring Grove, near Brightwater, New Zealand, fourth of the 12 children of James Rutherford and Martha Thompson; m. 28 June 1900 Mary Georgina Newton in Papanui (Christchurch), New Zealand, and they had one daughter; d. 19 Oct. 1937 in Cambridge, England.			Dictionary of Canadian Biography	http://brixton51.biographi.ca/en/bio/9156?revision_id=31888	RUTHERFORD, ERNEST, 1st Baron RUTHERFORD, physicist and university professor; b. 30 Aug. 1871 in Spring Grove, near Brightwater, New Zealand, fourth of the 12 children of James Rutherford and Martha Thompson; m. 28 June 1900 Mary Georgina Newton in Papanui (Christchurch), New Zealand, and they had one daughter; d. 19 Oct. 1937 in Cambridge, England. Ernest Rutherford was born into a yeoman family, learning hard work from his father, who was a wheelwright and farmer, and gaining a love of knowledge from his mother, a former teacher. Although his family moved several times, he was able to obtain a standard primary education in state schools. For his secondary instruction, a scholarship took him in 1887 to Nelson College, where he achieved a solid grounding in the classics and in mathematics; however, he showed no inclination towards a scientific career. Success at Nelson carried him in 1890, again with a scholarship, to Canterbury College at the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. There he was exposed to the typical scientific and mathematical curriculum of the time, but the college’s unorthodox master, Alexander William Bickerton, piqued his interest in science. Obtaining his ba in 1892, Rutherford was granted a scholarship by Canterbury to pursue graduate work in mathematics and physics. Awarded an ma the following year, he remained at the college during 1894 to undertake research in physics. His study of how magnetized iron could receive radio waves was presented in two papers published by the New Zealand Institute and earned him a bsc from the university in 1894. That year he also became engaged to be married. New Zealand offered no further means of advancement for Rutherford. The centre of the world for English-speaking physicists was the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, founded in 1874 and presided over by the remarkable Joseph John Thomson. Rutherford gained a coveted 1851 Exhibition Scholarship at just the right moment. Cambridge had changed its regulations to create a ba research degree; graduates from other universities could take a Cambridge degree after two years’ residence and the completion of a research project. When he arrived in 1895, Rutherford was the first of these students. He intended to continue with his work on radio waves, but the announcement that German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen had discovered what would later be known as X-rays altered his plans. Thomson, already renowned for his study of cathode rays, pulled Rutherford into an investigation of X-rays. They found that X-rays break molecules of gas into charged units, ions, which are attracted to metal plates. Their joint paper in 1896, “On the passage of electricity through gases exposed to Röntgen rays,” printed in the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science (London), provided the theory and data to explain this phenomenon. In the same year French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered the radioactivity of uranium; Pierre and Marie Curie and others quickly found additional radioactive elements. Examining the behaviour of uranium, Rutherford recognized that two distinct rays were emitted. One, which he named alpha, ionized gas easily but could not penetrate far into foil; the other, dubbed beta, was a poorer ionizing agent but travelled further. Rutherford’s two-year scholarship ended in 1897 but it was renewed. Although he continued to work at the Cavendish, he wanted a permanent position so that he could marry. The following year Hugh Longbourne Callendar, a brilliant former student of Thomson’s who had gone to Montreal in 1893 to become one of the two Macdonald professors of physics at McGill University, decided to move to University College, London. Rutherford was keen to apply for the position at McGill and persuaded several colleagues to pull strings for him. Thomson was evidently not enthusiastic about losing the young scientist but he wrote a strong letter of support. The senior figure in physics at McGill was a Cambridge graduate, John Cox. He was not a researcher but had worked with philanthropist William Christopher Macdonald* on plans for the Macdonald Physics Building. Designed by Andrew Thomas Taylor, it was the best-equipped and most modern laboratory building in the world. Cox was interested in hiring another Cambridge man, and he and Principal William Peterson* travelled to the university to interview candidates. They decided that Rutherford was right for the position. Before leaving England Rutherford met John Cunningham McLennan, a Canadian who arrived to study under Thomson and who would become a close friend when he took up a physics post at the University of Toronto. Rutherford arrived in Montreal in September 1898. Callendar had created a small research team, headed by Howard Turner Barnes, which was concentrating on calorimetry, the precise measurement of temperatures. This work had a strong utilitarian focus and might have conflicted with Rutherford’s very different orientation. However, Rutherford’s affability and enthusiasm smoothed over any possible trouble. He became the key figure in energizing the McGill Physical Society and was elected in 1900 to section III of the Royal Society of Canada; he would serve as section vice-president in 1905 and president in 1906. In 1900 he returned to New Zealand for several months, married his fiancée, and then brought her to Montreal. The research on radioactivity begun at Cambridge expanded at McGill. Rutherford shifted his attention to thorium, and he discovered several variants of the element. A number of theories competed to explain radioactivity, but none had solid experimental evidence. Rutherford was assisted by colleagues, such as Barnes and Robert Bowie Owens from the department of electrical engineering, and students from Canada and abroad. A key collaborator was Frederick Soddy, an Oxford-trained chemist who had been appointed demonstrator at McGill in 1900. Out of a debate between the two at the Physical Society over the nature of the atom came the inspiration for a joint project. Rutherford needed a chemist’s knowledge to extend his work on thorium. Soddy provided ideas as well as laboratory skills. They concluded that a radioactive element spontaneously changes (a process eventually known as radioactive decay) and turns into an isotope of the element, which is a completely different substance. Thus, thorium by stages converts into several forms, each unique. Each radioactive isotope or element has its own half-life, a period of time during which, statistically, half the atoms of a sample will decay into the next form of the series. Their groundbreaking papers, published in 1902 and 1903, almost immediately convinced the physics community. Chemist Otto Hahn came from Germany in 1905 to learn more about thorium, while Arthur Stewart Eve* came from England to collaborate (Eve would eventually return to McGill to direct the physics department). As a teacher Rutherford could be gruff and disparaging towards poor scholars, but he was strongly supportive of the good ones, and would be almost universally loved by former students. Canadians included Robert William Boyle and Robert Kenning McClung, later professors at the University of Alberta and the University of Manitoba, respectively, and Harriet Brooks, one of the earliest women physicists involved in radioactive research. Rutherford’s work at McGill resulted in Radio-activity (Cambridge, England, 1904) and an invitation to deliver the Silliman Memorial Lectures at Yale University in 1905, issued as Radioactive transformations (New York, 1906). In 1906 Arthur Schuster announced his intention to retire from the professorship of physics at the Victoria University of Manchester, and he requested that Rutherford replace him as head of the first-class laboratory he had built up. Rutherford and his family arrived in England in May 1907. Schuster’s assistant, Hans Wilhelm Geiger, proved to be an excellent collaborator. At McGill Rutherford had experimented in the bombardment of metal foils with alpha particles – later known to be the nuclei of helium – that emanated from radium. He, Geiger, and several students measured the scatter of these particles by various methods over the next three years. Thomson had posited the “plum pudding atom,” in which the negatively charged electrons were embedded in an atom of diffused positive charges. In 1911 Rutherford announced that, on the basis of his experiments, atoms must have small, massive nuclei surrounded by electrons. His conclusion was, in broad form, the basis of the modern vision of the atom, and Rutherford’s second great contribution to science. The following year physicist Niels Henrik David Bohr came from Denmark to work with Rutherford, and he soon provided a more detailed view of how electrons orbit the hydrogen atom, based on physicist Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck’s idea of the quantum. Another student, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley, working with Rutherford, found that bombarding atoms with electrons produced spectral lines that could be used to predict how much positive charge lay in the atom’s nucleus. This allowed physicists to understand the periodic table, developed in the 19th century by Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev on the basis of atomic weight, as a series of heavier nuclei determined by atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. Experiments with alpha particles led to a third important idea. Rutherford discovered that bombarding nitrogen gas with alpha particles appeared to produce the kind of recoil obtained by bombarding hydrogen, made only of protons, which seemed counter-intuitive. He quickly realized that the alpha particles must be causing the nitrogen nuclei to break up and release protons. His student Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett was later able to show that the bombardment actually changes the nitrogen nucleus into oxygen. Rutherford had demonstrated that elements could be transmuted, a possibility that traditional chemists had never countenanced. In 1919 Rutherford moved to the Cavendish Laboratory when he succeeded Thomson as director and holder of the Cavendish Chair of experimental physics at Cambridge. Taking with him his second in command at Manchester, James Chadwick, he continued experiments on transmutation, bombarding other elements with alpha particles. In his Bakerian Lecture before the Royal Society of London in 1920, he suggested that a massive particle like the proton, but without an electrical charge, must exist. Experimentally, this particle, the neutron, was difficult to find; Chadwick spent years trying to locate it, and succeeded only in 1932. Transmutation work under Rutherford also saw the first shift towards what would become Big Science. The term, first used in 1961, refers to the development of large-scale research projects conducted by teams of researchers and funded by governments or international organizations, especially after World War II. Rutherford’s students Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton and John Douglas Cockcroft accelerated protons electrically to bombard and transmute other elements (1932) and to induce artificial radioactivity (1933). Despite being at the centre of these investigations, Rutherford did not believe that nuclear energy could ever be tapped and did not live to see it happen. Ironically, the neutron, postulated by him and discovered by Chadwick, became for physicist Enrico Fermi the means with which to bombard a nucleus. Fermi’s work was the stepping stone for the first splitting of the uranium atom, which took place in the Berlin laboratory of Rutherford’s former collaborator Otto Hahn. Men who would be among the greatest physicists of World War II and the post-war era passed through the Cavendish Laboratory during Rutherford’s tenure. Thanks to his good relations with government and industry, he was able to upgrade the facilities. More books appeared during his Cambridge years: Electricity and matter (Nelson, N.Z., 1928); Radiations from radioactive substances (Cambridge, 1930), written with his assistants Chadwick and Charles Drummond Ellis; The artificial transmutation of the elements … (London, 1933); and The newer alchemy … (Cambridge, 1937). By the time of his death he had also published approximately 180 papers. His outstanding research record and his ability to attract top students meant he did not need to work in obscurity; indeed, he had been lionized by the scientific community from a relatively early age. His McGill work had earned him a fellowship in the Royal Society of London in 1903 (he had been proposed earlier by Thomson, but to no avail). The following year brought the society’s Rumford Medal, and its Copley Medal would follow in 1922. The culmination of his early period was the Nobel Prize in chemistry (not physics, to his amusement), which he received in 1908 at age 37. He held the presidency of the Royal Society from 1925 to 1930. Over the years he collected medals and honorary memberships from a number of national scientific societies and honorary degrees from more than 20 universities, including McGill and the University of Toronto. As president of section A of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, he returned to Canada in 1909 for its meeting in Winnipeg. He was knighted on 12 Feb. 1914, awarded the Order of Merit in 1925, and raised to the peerage on 23 Jan. 1931 as Baron Rutherford of Nelson. Ernest Rutherford’s death at age 66, following emergency surgery for a strangulated hernia, was unexpected. He was still managing the Cavendish Laboratory, delivering public lectures, and serving in numerous organizations. At that time he was considered the foremost experimental physicist of his generation; many historians and scientists would consider him the most outstanding of the 20th century. A shy and modest man, he was nonetheless well aware of his strengths. Apart from his remarkable discoveries and ideas, one of his greatest contributions was his support for students and colleagues. Beginning in Montreal, and later in Manchester and Cambridge, he fostered the careers of many, not just from the British empire but from around the world. He was one of the first physicists to encourage women to study and work in the field of physics on an equal footing with men. Despite his great impact on the development of nuclear physics, Rutherford’s influence on the field in Canada was small. McGill’s physics department had been dominated by Cambridge graduates, both Canadian and foreign-born, before his arrival in 1898 and continued to be so long after his departure in 1907. Research in radioactivity was a minor theme in Canadian physics during the interwar years, reflecting the country’s orientation towards applied science.
4591	dbpedia	3	72	https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/professional-bodies-approved-for-tax-relief-list-3/approved-professional-organisations-and-learned-societies	en	Approved learned societies and professional organisations (List 3)	https://www.gov.uk/asset…4411658c7635.png	https://www.gov.uk/asset…4411658c7635.png	[ "https://www.gov.uk/assets/government-frontend/open-government-licence-min-93b6a51b518ff99714a1aa2a7d2162735c155ec3cb073c75fb88b2a332fa83d3.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "HM Revenue & Customs" ]	2016-06-23T11:03:35+01:00		en	/assets/static/favicon-f54816fc15997bd42cd90e4c50b896a1fc098c0c32957d4e5effbfa9f9b35e53.ico	GOV.UK	https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/professional-bodies-approved-for-tax-relief-list-3/approved-professional-organisations-and-learned-societies	Use the list to see if your organisation has been approved by HMRC. If it has, check if you can get tax relief and if you can make a claim online. 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4591	dbpedia	3	7	http://www.alancumming.com/2020-a/2020/6/29/honourary-fellowship-royal-society-of-edinburgh	en	Honourary Fellowship, Royal Society of Edinburgh — ALANCUMMING.COM	http://static1.squarespace.com/static/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/5e1cdf5787393636aa55e2d4/5efa221709029f1bceab72ed/1593451335945/RSE.png?format=1500w	http://static1.squarespace.com/static/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/5e1cdf5787393636aa55e2d4/5efa221709029f1bceab72ed/1593451335945/RSE.png?format=1500w	[ "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1593451191188-AN8XDJIQEOWZVCNONH50/RSE.png", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684621524367-DZOQQAU6Z8D090OE78AL/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684507508405-WRYBFAJG9OSS5WOXMK37/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684507508405-WRYBFAJG9OSS5WOXMK37/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684348695264-B4IMMQ0YOW50M0HSULEC/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684348695264-B4IMMQ0YOW50M0HSULEC/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684180340124-TIX0UNLX6C641Z18P08D/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684065586713-DTLDPU3K6WMCZ1459NQE/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684065586713-DTLDPU3K6WMCZ1459NQE/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684003985298-N242WP0AZE8YT4NMO4CP/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683986078117-XXX30R4VNAITE2E5JDD7/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683889163648-V9MV8DXNJ7AIVXXOU59W/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683889163648-V9MV8DXNJ7AIVXXOU59W/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683729702990-06AC24HWUAMLOY5KDT3B/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683649318111-EFBPIK08RA5HIZYSVBG3/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683649318111-EFBPIK08RA5HIZYSVBG3/image-asset.jpeg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Alan Cumming" ]	2020-06-29T00:00:00	I was made an honourary fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy representing the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Those who are nominated, and then invited to join, h	en	https://assets.squarespace.com/universal/default-favicon.ico	ALANCUMMING.COM	http://www.alancumming.com/2020-a/2020/6/29/honourary-fellowship-royal-society-of-edinburgh	I was made an honourary fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy representing the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Those who are nominated, and then invited to join, have undergone rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and societal contribution. Fellows, who give of their time freely, play a fundamental role in enabling the RSE to deliver its mission ‘Knowledge Made Useful’, contributing to the cultural, economic and social well-being of Scotland and the wider world. In the words of Val McDermid, one of the supporters for my Fellowship: “His range is remarkable – as a highly respected actor, director, producer, singer, voice artist, interviewer and writer, his career is both inspirational and aspirational for the young people he supports. “His work in support of the LGBTQI community has also been of real significance and his own journey is one that provides hope and stokes ambition in young people in difficult situations. He’s a wonderful communicator who engages directly with a broad spectrum of audiences, talking passionately and thoughtfully about his beliefs and experiences.” In response to my fellowship, I commented: “We are at a time in history when more than ever before we need to talk, debate, and conclude. It is such an honour to be asked to join such a great group of thinkers and I am so excited to meet the RSE fellows.”
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https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Eddie-McGuire-@sipp-1-300x214.jpg 300w", "https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Eddie-McGuire-@sipp-1.jpg", "https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald.jpg 1400w, https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald-300x214.jpg 300w, https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald-768x549.jpg 768w", "https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald.jpg 1400w, https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald-300x214.jpg 300w, https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald-768x549.jpg 768w", "https://highgrowth.scot/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Left-to-Right-Trish-Munro-Johnny-Hamilton-Aileen-McMann-George-Smith-and-Margot-McDonald.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Andrew" ]	2024-04-09T09:20:16+01:00	Leading business figures have been elected as Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, joining outstanding experts in other fields. As well as achievements in business, new Fellows are elected for their individual excellence in a wide range of fields such as physics, chemistry, informatics, literature, law, and social sciences. They will be joining the […]	en	https://highgrowth.scot/…avicon-32x32.png	High Growth Scotland	https://highgrowth.scot/business-leaders-elected-to-royal-society-of-edinburghs-fellowship/	Leading business figures have been elected as Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, joining outstanding experts in other fields. As well as achievements in business, new Fellows are elected for their individual excellence in a wide range of fields such as physics, chemistry, informatics, literature, law, and social sciences. They will be joining the 1,800 current Fellows of the RSE, Scotland’s National Academy. Ana Stewart, tech entrepreneur, board member of the Scottish Football Association and founder of Pathways Forward, an initiative that helps women forge their way in business, joins the RSE Fellowship. She said: “I am humbled and honoured to have been elected as a Fellow of the RSE. Entrepreneurship is the lifeblood of our economy and we all have a part to play in shaping our society into one that welcomes all of our entrepreneurs through every stage of their journey, regardless of gender or background. I look forward to working with other Fellows to help shape Scotland’s future in this endeavour.” Gillian Docherty has also joined the Fellowship of the RSE. She is recognised as an outstanding leader in the field of data technology, and has worked to champion innovation, digital skills and community engagement with technology. She serves as the current Chief Commercial Officer of the University of Strathclyde, the chair of CodeBase and is the president of the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce. Professor William Buchanan OBE of Edinburgh Napier University is a world-renowned cyber security expert and computer scientist. His own research website asecuritysite.com has been described as a treasure trove of information for anyone interested in expanding their knowledge of cyber security. Among a range of other achievements, he has been the inspiration behind at least four university spinout companies: Zonefox, Cyacomb, Symphonic, and Memcrypt. Professor Buchanan said: “It is such an honour to be acknowledged by an organisation which prides itself on recognising the finest scientific and technological minds in our country. Scotland is a land of innovation and enterprise and has built its reputation on its excellence in education, enterprise, and industry. “My love for innovation, research, and, especially, teaching will never leave me. I feel honoured to teach and research the topics that I care deeply about and to live and work in one of the most beautiful, cultured and educated cities on the planet. Scotland is truly the best place in the world to build the future, and our four amazing cyber security spinouts are a testament to this.” Also elected was Mike Welch OBE. He is an entrepreneur, president and CEO of Treadsy and founder and chairman of The Welch Trust. Responding to his election, he said: “Becoming a Fellow is an incredible honour, and means I am following in the footsteps of two iconic figures to me. Robert William Thomson, the Scottish inventor who dreamt up and patented the pneumatic tyre in 1847, in the very same street that we have our home in Edinburgh. And Sir Tom Farmer, one of the world’s foremost retailers of tyres, who mentored me and brought me to the great city of Edinburgh at the advent of the internet to build Kwik-Fit online. Through their example and the privilege of becoming a Fellow, I feel humbled and motivated to continue my work as an entrepreneur and philanthropist.” Patrick Macdonald, chair of the Institute of Directors, also joins this year’s cohort. A highly skilled entrepreneur with a career ranging from the Ministry of Defence to leadership of companies such as John Menzies and Moneypenny, he has also founded the School for CEOs, and has further supported those in business in a range of global senior leadership roles. President of the RSE, Professor Sir John Ball PRSE, said: “It is an immense honour to extend a warm welcome to each of our distinguished new Fellows. “Individually, they embody exceptional dedication and accomplishment spanning multiple sectors and disciplines. Collectively, they demonstrate a profound commitment and determination to make meaningful contributions through their endeavours. “From groundbreaking research that redefines our understanding to the creative pursuits that inspire and enrich our cultural landscape, the RSE proudly embraces the brightest minds, leveraging their unique expertise and perspectives for the betterment of society. “As Scotland’s National Academy, we remain committed to mobilising a diverse array of expertise to confront society’s most pressing challenges, and I am certain that our new Fellows will prove invaluable assets to the RSE.”
4591	dbpedia	1	92	https://philipbonn.academia.edu/	en	Philip Bonn			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
4591	dbpedia	0	89	https://historycompany.co.uk/2011/07/12/the-man-who-made-the-worlds-first-x-ray-movie/	en	The man who made the first x-ray movie	https://historycompany.c…ntyre1.jpg?w=219	https://historycompany.c…ntyre1.jpg?w=219	[ "https://historycompany.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/john-macintyre1.jpg?w=235&h=323", "https://historycompany.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/stamp_roentgen.jpg?w=136&h=229", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/3b8c99762c7c39ab84782bcbaac9f1320ddaf774058900c5dcdff49ae74acdfa?s=42&d=identicon&r=G", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/266c7fddbf402f9056371e5a2e2035f665fc42954ee620b2b4dba96b455ddc88?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/266c7fddbf402f9056371e5a2e2035f665fc42954ee620b2b4dba96b455ddc88?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[ "https://www.youtube.com/embed/dXwnK3evVlE?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "chris holme" ]	2011-07-12T00:00:00	It is quite astonishing that in 1896 someone was already making a movie of an x-ray. Even more remarkable is the story of the man who produced it. Here's the movie (it starts with a frog's leg and moves to a human heart and stomach): https://youtu.be/dXwnK3evVlE In January that year Wilhelm Röntgen wrote from Würzburg…	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/266c7fddbf402f9056371e5a2e2035f665fc42954ee620b2b4dba96b455ddc88?s=32	The History Company	https://historycompany.co.uk/2011/07/12/the-man-who-made-the-worlds-first-x-ray-movie/	It is quite astonishing that in 1896 someone was already making a movie of an x-ray. Even more remarkable is the story of the man who produced it. Here’s the movie (it starts with a frog’s leg and moves to a human heart and stomach): In January that year Wilhelm Röntgen wrote from Würzburg seeking support of the two leading British physicists – Lord Kelvin in Glasgow and Arthur Schuster in Manchester. Kelvin was delighted to help and Glasgow was quick off the mark – led by John Macintyre (pictured below, left). By March he had secured agreement to establish the world’s first x-ray department for patients at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Macintyre was the right man in the right place at the right time. He had started out as a sparkie (apprentice electrician) before studying medicine and had already brought electricity to the infirmary in 1887 when Glasgow’s streets were still gas lit. He was also a specialist in ear, nose and throat surgery. Macintyre was one of the very first international celebrity surgeons. His list of friends and patients included Ignacy Paderewski, Sir Henry Irvine, Dame Nellie Melba, Luisa Tettrazzini, Thomas Edison and Joseph Conrad. Who did what and where with x-rays from 1896 onwards remains the subject of debate. Macintyre certainly produced among the first, if not the first, radiographs of a bullet, thorax, abdomen and breast cancer. And the first movie was definitely his. According to John Calder (The History of Radiology in Scotland, 1896-2000, Dunedin Academic Press, 2001) he was a hard-working and genial charmer. He realised at an early stage the dangers of x-ray radiation – unlike so many of his colleagues around Europe who lost limb and life. They are commemorated on the wall of the Radiation Martyrs’ Monument in Hamburg. The British Society for the History of Radiology has a wealth of material about this. The Macintyre building at Glasgow University is commonly thought be named after him – but it was the gift of a namesake and fellow doctor. This is Macintyre’s biography and there is a charming documentary broken down into segments of the cigar-smoking pioneer This profile from 1909 refers to voice recordings of patients he made on phonograph wax cylinders of many of his celebrity patients and visitors to his home and consulting rooms at 179 Bath Street, next door to the Glasgow Art Club where he was a frequent visitor. Given his links with Edison, the recordings would surely have been of high quality. But for some reason they all melted in the heat of his attic (possibly a fire, given the rarity of prolonged heatwaves of wax-melting intensity in Glasgow). None survived. At least Macintyre left us the x-ray movie. A great pity we don’t have the voices of Melba, Paderewski and Conrad to go with it. Update (May 2015) I am very grateful to Ross Logan, a distant Macintyre relative, for this information: “according to family history he had a GP practice in Partick in addition to his hospital work and consulting at his home in Bath Street. I remember hearing that the wax cylinders, in a trunk in a Partick attic, had melted during the hot summer of 1976. I believe there were recordings of Caruso and many others. I was told that receiving an inheritance allowed him to study medicine. My mother, who remembered him from her childhood, mentioned that Dame Nellie Melba (and other similar luminaries) would visit his home in Bath Street for a consultation and afternoon tea.” And novelist and journalist Neil Munro (The Brave Days, pp 108 to 114) recalls a very convivial dinner at 179 Bath Street in September 1898 with Joseph Conrad and Macintyre. After several refreshments they sat down to listen to Macintyre’s “celebrity” recordings, including those of Paderewski which Munro thought were his first ever recordings, before having a shot on the x-ray machine. “We had our hands x-rayed and before we left for a stroll through the sleeping city which lasted till three am, we got the photograph prints of them” Munro wrote. Conrad later recounted this epic night in a letter to his friend, Edward Garnett. He had come to Glasgow to arrange a ship’s passage and overall self-confidence was very low. The dinner and various philosophical blethering evidently cheered him up: “Mclntyre (sic) is a scientific swell who talks art, knows artists of all kinds, looks after their throats, you know. He has given himself a lot of trouble in my interest and means to hammer away at it till I do get something. “…. What we wanted (apparently) was more whisky. We got it. Mrs Mclntyre went to bed. At one o’clock Munro and I went out into the street. We talked. I had read up the Lost Pibroch which I do think wonderful in a way. We foregathered very much indeed and I believe Munro didn’t get home till five in the morning. He turned up next day and burned incense before me, and saw me into the train after a dinner at the Art Club (not to speak of the whisky). “
4591	dbpedia	2	74	https://edinburghbioquarter.com/the-rse-names-2020-fellows/	en	The RSE names 2020 Fellows	https://edinburghbioquar…e6a-1536x864.png	https://edinburghbioquar…e6a-1536x864.png	[ "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/themes/HKSN/dist/assets/img/icons/EBQ-logo-white.svg", "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/themes/HKSN/dist/assets/img/icons/EBQ-logo-purple.svg", "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/RSE_Collage6a-1536x864-975x400.png", "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/themes/HKSN/dist/assets/img/logos/logo-ec.png", "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/themes/HKSN/dist/assets/img/logos/logo-nhs.png", "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/themes/HKSN/dist/assets/img/logos/logo-se.png", "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/themes/HKSN/dist/assets/img/logos/logo-uoe.png", "https://edinburghbioquarter.com/wp-content/themes/HKSN/dist/assets/img/icons/Down-arrow-white.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Lesley Parsons" ]	2020-03-03T15:23:55+00:00		en	https://edinburghbioquar…e-touch-icon.png	Edinburgh BioQuarter	https://edinburghbioquarter.com/the-rse-names-2020-fellows/	The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy, has announced its newly elected 2020 Fellows, comprising of leading thinkers and experts from Scotland and around the world whose work has a significant impact on our nation. This new intake of 64 fellows, includes twelve University of Edinburgh academics, and they will join the current roll of around 1,600, representing the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Those who are nominated, and then invited to join, have undergone rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and societal contribution. Fellows, who give of their time freely, play a fundamental role in enabling the RSE to deliver its mission ‘Knowledge Made Useful’, contributing to the cultural, economic and social well-being of Scotland and the wider world. “The diverse expertise and experience of our fellows, means that, as an organisation, we are well-placed to respond to the issues of the day with clear informed thinking free from commercial or political influence. Our new fellows, who we look forward to welcoming, not only hold vast knowledge but also deep experience, keen judgement, boundless enthusiasm and a passion for promoting societal development and change. By using their talents as a collective, we can often unlock or inspire new potential and unearth fresh solutions to some of the most complex issues Scotland’s society faces today.” Professor Dame Anne Glover, President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh The list includes many leading academics, such as Professor Francisca Mutapi, a world-expert on global health and tropical diseases, and Professor Rosalind Allen, whose work contributions to our understanding of antibiotic resistance, but also includes a wide array of leaders from the arts, third sector, business and public life. These include Talat Yaqoob, a director at Equate Scotland, the national expert in gender equality throughout the STEM sectors, and an Equalities Consultant, who since 2016 has been leading work to change cultures in organisations and academia to encourage more women into male dominated fields. Alongside the 54 fellows and eight corresponding fellows, honorary fellowships have also been awarded to actor, producer, singer, author and activist Alan Cumming OBE and historian Niall Ferguson. View the full list of new Fellows elected in 2020
4591	dbpedia	2	23	https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-higgs-11615/	en	Fellow Detail Page	https://royalsociety.org…avicon-16x16.png	https://royalsociety.org…avicon-16x16.png	[ "https://royalsociety.org/assets/images/logo@2x.png", "https://apidyn.royalsociety.org/images/fellows/P25226-Peter-Higgs.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-higgs-11615/url(/-/media/navigation/footer/logoalt2x.png)" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Explore the history of the Royal Society, including our motto and discover our timeline of key events.	en	/assets/icons/favicon-16x16.png		https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-higgs-11615/	Peter Higgs was a Nobel Prize-winning particle physicist who made invaluable contributions to our understanding of the Universe on the smallest scales. His work on fundamental particle interactions, especially those distinguished by the appearance of the so-called Higgs boson, inspired much of high energy physics research over recent decades. Peter was most widely recognised for his 1964 papers on spontaneous symmetry breaking, which predicted the existence of a new kind of particle capable of giving all other particles mass. Eventually discovered in 2012 by researchers working at CERN, the search for the elusive Higgs boson made Peter a household name and sparked a new wave of interest in fundamental physics. A fellow of numerous learned societies, Peter received many of the world's most prestigious scientific awards including the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics. In recognition of his contributions to science, he was appointed as Companion of Honour in the 2013 New Year Honours List. Professor Peter Higgs CH FRS died on 8 April 2024.
4591	dbpedia	1	76	https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Brewster	en	Sir David Brewster \| Optics, Invention, Innovator	https://cdn.britannica.c…e.jpg?v=3.124.12	https://cdn.britannica.c…e.jpg?v=3.124.12	[ "https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png", "https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png", "https://cdn.britannica.com/96/134796-004-35A64875/David-Brewster.jpg", "https://cdn.britannica.com/88/144788-131-ADACA20E/Michael-Faraday-John-Frederic-Daniell.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/01/115001-131-7278E518/Enrico-Fermi-Italian-problem-physics-1950.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/69/132269-131-24D9B49B/Portion-skyline-Tokyo-right-Tower.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/06/192806-131-75DD8878/drive-Highway-Night-Traffic-Portland-automobile-car.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/05/214505-050-A83E1035/light-refraction-image-cube-prism.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/74/182174-131-1BA2F752/balloon-sky.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/70/190470-131-92878F3E/Lab-mouse-optogenetics-device.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/51/190751-131-B431C216/soccer-ball-goal.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/94/159994-131-8E828D22/Battle-of-New-Orleans-oil-painting-E-1910.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/71/196471-131-8FEA8DDD/Daily-Police-Bulletin-Elizabeth-Short-Black-Dahlia-January-1947.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/47/190947-131-FCF3F960/Olympic-torch-illustration-sports-summer-games.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/24/129624-131-37C4C022/flags-soccer-balls-Futbol-football-arts-blog-2009.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/58/105358-131-083D7290/Battle-of-Gettysburg-Picketts-Charge-attempts-South-3-1863.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/90/202690-131-1D29B008/colorful-winter-sunset.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/96/134796-050-D62B677C/David-Brewster.jpg?w=300", "https://cdn.britannica.com/01/115001-131-7278E518/Enrico-Fermi-Italian-problem-physics-1950.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Sir David Brewster", "encyclopedia", "encyclopeadia", "britannica", "article" ]	null	[ "The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica" ]	1998-07-20T00:00:00+00:00	Sir David Brewster was a Scottish physicist noted for his experimental work in optics and polarized light—i.e., light in which all waves lie in the same plane. When light strikes a reflective surface at a certain angle (called the polarizing angle), the reflected light becomes completely polarized.	en	/favicon.png	Encyclopedia Britannica	https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Brewster	Sir David Brewster (born December 11, 1781, Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland—died February 10, 1868, Allerby, Melrose, Roxburghshire) was a Scottish physicist noted for his experimental work in optics and polarized light—i.e., light in which all waves lie in the same plane. When light strikes a reflective surface at a certain angle (called the polarizing angle), the reflected light becomes completely polarized. Brewster discovered a simple mathematical relationship between the polarizing angle and the refractive index of the reflective substance. This law is useful in determining the refractive index of materials that are opaque or available only in small samples. Brewster was educated for the ministry at the University of Edinburgh, but his interest in science deflected him from pursuing this profession. In 1799 he began his investigations of light. His most important studies involved polarization, metallic reflection, and light absorption. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1815, and he invented the kaleidoscope the following year. He was knighted in 1831. In the early 1840s he improved the stereoscope by utilizing lenses to combine the two dissimilar binocular pictures and produce the three-dimensional effect. Brewster was instrumental in persuading the British to adopt the lightweight, flat Fresnel lens for use in lighthouses. In 1838 he became principal of the United College of St. Salvator and St. Leonard of the University of St. Andrews and in 1859 became principal of the University of Edinburgh. Britannica Quiz Physics and Natural Law Of Brewster’s numerous published works, his Treatise on Optics (1831) and Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton (1855) are probably the most important.
4591	dbpedia	2	35	https://www.nls.uk/learning-zone/science-and-technology/women-scientists/	en	Women scientists	https://www.nls.uk/image…g?v=202004231800	https://www.nls.uk/image…g?v=202004231800	[ "https://www.nls.uk/images/nls-logo-dark.png", "https://www.nls.uk/media-u4/1067852/girl-at-display2.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png?v=202004231800	National Library of Scotland	https://www.nls.uk/learning-zone/science-and-technology/women-scientists/	Women scientists have made significant contributions in many scientific fields such as astronomy, chemistry and biology. But how many of them can you name? Many Scottish women were pioneers in their own fields of research, yet are now largely unknown. Here, we highlight some of their achievements, as well as some of the challenges which they had to face. In this video, (former) Science Collections Curator, Catherine Booth uncovers the stories and achievements of two Scottish women scientists — the astronomer Williamina Fleming (1857-1911), and the protozoologist Muriel Robertson (1883-1973). Women were only allowed to graduate from Scottish universities after the passing of the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889. After this time, Scottish universities began to make arrangements for women to study and to graduate on the same terms as men. The first intake of female undergraduates took place in 1892. However, women could not study and graduate from a medical degree until 1916. It was also difficult for women to gain senior positions in academia, research, and industry. The Royal Society did not admit women until 1945, while the Royal Society of Edinburgh elected its first female Fellows in 1949. Although the number of women science graduates and postgraduates has increased in recent years, there is still a need to encourage more women to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). A recent report published by the Royal Society of Edinburgh — 'Tapping all our talents': Women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (2012) — highlights that only a minority of women science graduates go on to work in the STEM sector. Also, women are still under-represented in senior positions in universities, research institutes, government, business, and industry.
4591	dbpedia	3	96	https://optical.org/	en	GeneralOpticalCouncil	https://optical.org/asse…icon-192x192.png	https://optical.org/asse…icon-192x192.png	[ "https://optical.org/media/zoxifgbl/goc-logo.jpg", "https://optical.org/media/0ennrzyf/goc-reception.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=80&width=1920&height=672&rnd=132743742749000000&center=0.43073821197818818,0.098399578468902571&mode=crop", "https://optical.org/media/mp3npr4i/child-eye-test.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=80&width=328&height=320&rnd=132562417934630000&center=0.498297814665104,0.49961200344413387&mode=crop", "https://optical.org/media/foqhh5iv/college-library.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=80&width=328&height=320&rnd=132563281423170000&center=0.50136083655636732,0.49957892633351891&mode=crop", "https://optical.org/media/bmxh3iu1/office.jpg?anchor=center&mode=crop&quality=80&width=328&height=320&rnd=132563260127070000&center=0.5,0.5&mode=crop", "https://optical.org/assets/images/dc_badge1.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Home	en	/assets/images/apple-icon-57x57.png		https://optical.org/en/	Continuing Professional Development It is essential that eye care practitioners keep their skills up to date and develop new ones in order to keep patients safe. Requiring registrants to complete CPD is one way we protect the public. Standards of practice for optometrists and dispensing opticians The standards of behaviour and performance we expect of all registered optometrists and dispensing opticians. A career in optics An overview of the different careers available in optics, including post registration specialities that can be achieved with additional training. How to raise a concern about an optician Guidance on raising a concern about an optical professional and the steps we take to investigate that concern.
4591	dbpedia	3	79	https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/	en	Royal College of Psychiatrists	https://www.rcpsych.ac.u…r-open-graph.png	https://www.rcpsych.ac.u…r-open-graph.png	[ "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/images/default-source/default-album/capture.png", "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/images/default-source/digital-resources/homepage/rcpsych-logo-homepage-2022.svg?sfvrsn=67e700ac_0", "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/ResourcePackages/Rcpsych/assets/dist/images/placeholder-thumb.png", "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/ResourcePackages/Rcpsych/assets/dist/images/placeholder-thumb.png", "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/ResourcePackages/Rcpsych/assets/dist/images/placeholder-thumb.png", "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/ResourcePackages/Rcpsych/assets/dist/images/placeholder-thumb.png", "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/images/default-source/become-a-psychiatrist-images/become_a_psychiatrist_mini_banner4.tmb-thumblg.jpg?Culture=en&sfvrsn=12e09774_5", 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"https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/ResourcePackages/Rcpsych/assets/dist/images/logo-footer.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	The Royal College of Psychiatrists is the professional body responsible for education and training, and setting and raising standards in psychiatry.	en	/favicon.ico	www.rcpsych.ac.uk	https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk	Registration for new CT1 doctors now open If you’re starting a new CT1 post, you can now register as a PMPT with the College. Find out more College crises resources Resources are available for psychiatrists who may be able to help others affected by the unfolding crises around the world. Read more President responds on riots and racial attacks in the UK President Lade Smith CBE has issued a statement in response to the acts of violence, racism, discrimination and Islamophobia taking place across the UK. More information RCPsych thrilled Government acknowledges mental health as important as physical health The College welcomes the Government’s commitment to achieving parity of esteem for mental and physical health, and a pledge to modernise the Mental Health Act. More information RCPsych in Wales welcomes new chair Professor Alka Ahuja MBE has become the new chair of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in Wales and a vice president of RCPsych. More information
4591	dbpedia	2	62	https://indiaeducationdiary.in/three-strathclyde-scholars-named-among-new-royal-society-of-edinburgh-fellows/	en	Three Strathclyde Scholars Named Among New Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows	https://indiaeducationdi…mK-1024x385.webp	https://indiaeducationdi…mK-1024x385.webp	[ "https://indiaeducationdiary.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/indiaeducationdiarylogo_header.png", "https://indiaeducationdiary.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/indiaeducationdiarylogo_header.png", "https://indiaeducationdiary.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/xStrathclyde_Uni_Campus_Image_-01_banner.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.e0USWkIJmK-750x430.webp", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/330x330/gilliandocherty_330.png", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/500x500/KM_pic.jpg", "https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/1newwebsite/commsoffice/500x500/Apala_Majumdar.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "iednewsdesk" ]	2024-04-18T00:00:00	Three Strathclyders have been newly elected as Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE).The University’s Chief Commercial Officer, Gillian Docherty OBE, Professor Keith Mathieson, of Strathclyde’s Institute of Photonics, in the University’s De	en	https://indiaeducationdi…-Diary-fav-1.png	India Education \| Latest Education News \| Global Educational News \| Recent Educational News	https://indiaeducationdiary.in/three-strathclyde-scholars-named-among-new-royal-society-of-edinburgh-fellows/	Three Strathclyders have been newly elected as Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE). The University’s Chief Commercial Officer, Gillian Docherty OBE, Professor Keith Mathieson, of Strathclyde’s Institute of Photonics, in the University’s Department of Physics, and Professor Apala Majumdar, Associate Dean (International Research) of Strathclyde’s Faculty of Science, are among the 57 new Fellows announced by the RSE. Challenges The RSE recognises, supports, and mobilises expertise from across academia, business, and public service for the benefit of Scotland and the wider world. It engages and connects nationally and internationally to share knowledge and tackle the most pressing challenges of the modern world. Strathclyde Principal and Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir Jim McDonald, who is himself a Fellow of the RSE, said: “It is always a great pleasure to see our fellow Strathclyders receive prestigious recognition for their work. The nature and profile of these RSE Fellowships are very much in keeping with the goals we pursue at Strathclyde. Gillian, Keith and Apala are exceptionally talented individuals who have all played significant parts in our success in recent years. I warmly congratulate each of them on such well-deserved achievement and the professional recognition this represents. Gillian Docherty joined Strathclyde in 2022 from The Data Lab, where she had been Chief Executive. She leads the University’s approach to collaboration by accelerating the development of new technologies, helping companies compete internationally, informing public policy and supporting the economy. She was appointed an OBE in 2019 for Services to Information Technology and Business. Professor Mathieson is currently the Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies at Strathclyde, a 10-year post he will hold until 2029. He was previously Director of the Institute of Photonics and helped lead Strathclyde’s winning bid for the 2023 Queen’s Anniversary Prize for Photonics Innovation. His research explores technologies that interface with the brain and aim to advance treatments for brain disorders, dementia and sight loss. Professor Majumdar is based in of Strathclyde’s Department of Mathematics and Statistics. Her own research focuses on the mathematics and modelling of liquid crystals and partially ordered materials, including their applications in industry. She received a Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award from the Humboldt Foundation in 2022 and a Suffrage Science Award in 2020; the latter award recognised her academic achievements and her work in promoting STEM subjects for the next generation. SE President Professor Sir John Ball PRSE, said: “It is an immense honour to extend a warm welcome to each of our distinguished new Fellows. “Individually, they embody exceptional dedication and accomplishment spanning multiple sectors and disciplines. Collectively, they demonstrate a profound commitment and determination to make meaningful contributions through their endeavours. “From groundbreaking research that redefines our understanding to the creative pursuits that inspire and enrich our cultural landscape, the RSE proudly embraces the brightest minds, leveraging their unique expertise and perspectives for the betterment of society. “As Scotland’s National Academy, we remain committed to mobilising a diverse array of expertise to confront society’s most pressing challenges, and I am certain that our new Fellows will prove invaluable assets to the RSE.”
4591	dbpedia	0	94	https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-origins-of-science-diplomacy-international-association-of-academies-pugwash-and-dartmouth-conferences	en	THE ORIGINS OF SCIENCE DIPLOMACY: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACADEMIES, PUGWASH AND DARTMOUTH CONFERENCES Текст научной статьи по специальности « История и археология »	https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-origins-of-science-diplomacy-international-association-of-academies-pugwash-and-dartmouth-conferences/og	https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-origins-of-science-diplomacy-international-association-of-academies-pugwash-and-dartmouth-conferences/og	[ "https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-origins-of-science-diplomacy-international-association-of-academies-pugwash-and-dartmouth-conferences/cover", "https://cyberleninka.ru/images/tsvg/view.svg", "https://cyberleninka.ru/images/tsvg/cc-label.svg", "https://cyberleninka.ru/images/tsvg/view.svg", "https://cyberleninka.ru/images/tsvg/download.svg", "https://cyberleninka.ru/images/openscience.svg", "https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/15765706" ]	[]	[]	[ "научная статья бесплатно на тему THE ORIGINS OF SCIENCE DIPLOMACY: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACADEMIES", "PUGWASH AND DARTMOUTH CONFERENCES текст научной работы по истории и археологии из научного журнала Русская политология. SCIENCE DIPLOMACY", "INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACADEMIES", "PUGWASH CONFERENCES", "DARTMOUTH CONFERENCES" ]	null	[ "Gorokhov Andrei", "Vitorovich Zoran", "Eleeva (Makoeva) Dzerassa" ]	2021-08-28T00:00:00	The article analyzes the origins of scienti c diplomacy. The authors believe that it dates back to 1899, when the International Association of Academies (IAA) was created. The authors also refute the thesis that the IAA did not operate in 1913. To con rm their conclusions, the authors publish archival materials about the activities of the IAA in 1913, about its Congress in St. Petersburg (Russia), about the work of the American astronomer D.E. Hale (which contradicts the opinion of the authors of some publications about the non-participation of the American Academy in the activities of the IAA). The authors of the article cite the memoirs of Russian scientists V.I. Vernadsky and A.S. Famintsyn, as well as the French mathematician G. Darboux considering the IAA, who took an active part in the work of this organization. At the same time, the authors managed to identify the names of some scientists from Germany, Austria, Great Britain, France, the USA and Russia, who were involved in the creation and activities of the IAA. The article also considers such systematic forums of the 20th century as the Pugwash and Dartmouth conferences. It were the activities of the considered international scienti c organizations and conferences that formed the initial forms of scienti c diplomacy, the development of which in the 21st century can contribute to the resolution of both scienti c and political contradictions. The authors point, the issue calls for further research to publish archival and other materials on the activities of the IAA, the Pugwash and Dartmouth conferences, for the development of the modern theory of science diplomacy and the formation of the science diplomacy history.		/favicon.ico	КиберЛенинка	https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-origins-of-science-diplomacy-international-association-of-academies-pugwash-and-dartmouth-conferences	ORIGINS OF SCIENTIFIC DIPLOMACY: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACADEMIES, PUGWASH AND DARTMOUTH CONFERENCES Abstract The article analyzes the origins of scientific diplomacy. The authors believe that it dates back to 1899, when the International Association of Academies (IAA) was created. The authors also refute the thesis that the IAA did not operate in 1913. To confirm their conclusions, the authors publish archival materials about the activities of the IAA in 1913, about its Congress in St. Petersburg (Russia), about the work of the American astronomer D.E. Hale (which contradicts the opinion of the authors of some publications about the non-participation of the American Academy in the activities of the IAA). The authors of the article cite the memoirs of Russian scientists V.I. Vernadsky and A.S. Famintsyn, as well as the French mathematician G. Darboux considering the IAA, who took an active part in the work of this organization. At the same time, the authors managed to identify the names of some scientists from Germany, Austria, Great Britain, France, the USA and Russia, who were involved in the creation and activities of the IAA. The article also considers such systematic forums of the 20th century as the Pugwash and Dartmouth conferences. It were the activities of the considered international scientific organizations and conferences that formed the initial forms of scientific diplomacy, the development of which in the 21st century can contribute to the resolution of both scientific and political contradictions. The authors point, the issue calls for further research to publish archival and other materials on the activities of the IAA, the Pugwash and Dartmouth conferences, for the development of the modern theory of science diplomacy and the formation of the science diplomacy history. Key words: science diplomacy, International Association of Academies, Pugwash Conferences, Dartmouth Conferences. Authors Gorokhov Andrei editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Russian Political Science, PhD in Political Sciences (Russia) Vitorovich Zoran editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Global Processes, PhD (Switzerland) Eleeva (Makoeva) Dzerassa lecturer at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia (Russia) It would seem a simple question — from what year can we talk about scientific diplomacy? Yes, "scientific diplomacy" is a modern concept, but, in our opinion, the practice of scientific diplomacy begins with the institutionalization of systemic interaction between scientific organizations at the international level. This level of relationship between scientific organizations dates back to the establishment in 1899 of the International Association of Academies (IAA). We will write about the establishment of this organization further, as well as publish several documents translated from French (since this was the language of communication of the IAA) into English, related to the activities of the Association. By publishing historical documents, we want to refute several inaccurate statements that take place in scientific articles and on electronic resources. Of the erroneous theses, we identified the following statements: 1) the activities of the IAA ended in 1912; 2) The United States did not take part in the establishment and activities of the IAA. In fact, in 1913 in St. Petersburg (at that time the capital of Russia) the fifth Congress of the organization was held, and US representatives actively participated in the work of the IAA, which is confirmed by archival documents of the American astronomer George Ellery Hale (1868-1938), one of the founders of the California Institute of Technology, a foreign corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. Foundation of the IAA: initiators, main participants At present, there are very few articles and books in the scientific literature that would describe and study the process of creation and activities of the IAA. As a result, different sources and different countries write different data on the creation of this organization. Let's give some examples. The website of the Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities (German: Union der deutschen Akademien der Wissenschaften) states that "at the initiative of the Cartel1, under the leadership of the Prussian Academy, the "International Association of Academies" was created in 1899. The IAA lasted until the outbreak of the First World War and was never officially disbanded. It brought together four German academies in Berlin, Göttingen, Leipzig and Munich, the Vienna Academy and 19 other academies, mostly from Europe. These 24 academies successfully worked in the 31st scientific section in two directions: natural sciences and humanities" [18]. At the same time, the Russian scientist Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863— 1945), who took an active part in the IAA, informs the organization was created due to the initiative of the Royal Society of London. In his article, Vernadsky wrote: "The International Association of Academies <...> was formed in 1899 due to the initiative of the Royal Society of London. The Royal Society of London (one of the oldest and most influential academies), recently celebrating its 250th anniversary, raised the issue of organizing an International Association of Academies in 1898. A similar opinion can be found in the British Medical Journal: «The final steps for the foundation of an International Association of Academies were taken at a meeting held at Wiesbaden on October 1th. on the proposal of the Royal Society of London it was determined that the first 1 «Cartel» — "Association of scientific corporations", founded in Leipzig in 1893 with the aim of implementing joint research projects. Initially, the Cartel included the academies in Göttingen, Leipzig and Munich, as well as the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. Although the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin participated in the preparation of this association, it did not join it until 1906. (link: Seit mehr als 125 Jahren arbeiten die Wissenschaftsakademien bereits zusammen. — URL: https://www. akademienunion.de/akademienunion/au/kleine-geschichte-der-akademienunion). general meeting should be held in Paris in 1900» [12. — Р. 1212]. Given the various information about the initiators of the creation of the IAA, we considered it necessary to refer directly to the memories of those who took part in the creation of the IAA — scientists of the late 19th — early 20th centuries. And we found such scientists, as well as some of their publications, which reveal the history of the formation and development of the IAA. Based on the sources of the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences [5], we can name a number of scientists who were involved in the creation and development of the IAA, for example, Andrei Sergeevich Famintsyn1 (1835-1918) and Karl Genrik-hovich Zaleman2 (1849-1916), members of the IAA bureau from Russia. The St. Petersburg Bureau of the IAA included Oscar Andreevich Backlund3 (1846-1916), 1 Andrei Sergeevich Famintsyn is one of the outstanding biologists of Russia, the founder of Russian plant physiology, the founder of the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the organizer of the first university department of plant physiology and the author of the first domestic textbook on this subject, ordinary professor at St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (see: Кузнецов В.В., Дмитриев Г.А. Неоправданно забытое имя. К 175-летию со Дня рождения Академика А.С. Фаминцына // Вестник Российской академии наук. — Т. 80. — № 8. — 2010. — C. 726-733 [Kuznetsov V.V., Dmitriev G.A. Unjustifiably forgotten name. On the 175th anniversary of the birth of Academician A.S. Famintsyn // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. — T. 80. — No. 8. — 2010. — Pp. 726-733]). 2 Karl Genrikhovich Zaleman — Iranian philologist from Russia, full member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, director of the Asian Museum of the Academy of Sciences (1890-1916). Under K.G. Zaleman Museum has become the world's largest repository of monuments of the written culture of the peoples of the East. His main scientific works are devoted to Iranian philology, the Ossetian language, the languages of the Pamirs. 3 Oskar Andreevich Backlund — Russian and Swedish astronomer, full member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, director of the Nikolaev Main Astronomical Observatory in Pulkovo (1895-1916). Under Backlund, the southern branches of the Pulkovo Observatory were created: in Odessa (1898), Simeiz and Nikolaev (1908-1912). Boris Borisovich Golitsyn4 (1862-1916), K.G. Zaleman, Alexander Sergeevich Lappo-Danilevsky5 (1863-1919), Pyotr Vasilyevich Nikitin6 (1849-1916). Also, going by the archive documents, French mathematician, member of the Paris Academy of Sciences Jean Gaston Darboux (1842-1917), French mathematician, philosopher and linguist Louis Coutu-rat (1868-1914) and English physiologist Michael Foster (1836- 1907) were active within IAA. Of course, these are just a few of the hundreds of scientists from around the world who were involved in the creation and development of the IAA. As for memoirs, at the moment we have found several sources that date back to the first years of the 20th century. The memoirs of the Russian biologist A.S. Famintsyn [9; 10]. Mathematician Gaston Darboux [17] wrote a review article in French about the creation of the IAA; an article by the Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky [2] and archival documents of the American astronomer George Ellery Hale [11]. Memoirs of A.S. Famintsyna, G. Darboux, D.E. Hale were not republished nor translated into different languages either in the 20th or at the beginning of the 21st century, which certainly led to an 4 Boris Borisovich Golitsyn — Russian physicist and geophysicist, one of the founders of seismology, academician of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1908). 5 Alexander Sergeevich Lappo-Danilevsky — historian, one of the founders of the methodology of historical science in Russia, full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, was the first chairman of the Russian Sociological Society named after M.M. Kovalevsky, the initiator of the creation of the Institute of Social Sciences in Petrograd (1918), led a seminar on the diplomacy of private acts, the founder of a new direction in Russian diplomacy. Created a scientific school in the field of source studies. From 1917 he was the chairman of the Union of Russian Archival Workers, he was a supporter of a large-scale reform of the archival business. 6 Petr Vasilievich Nikitin — philologist, archaeologist, researcher of ancient Greek and Byzantine literature, rector of the Imperial St. Petersburg University (1890-1897), academician, vice president of the Academy of Sciences (1900-1916). information gap about the creation and activities of the IAA. It is extremely necessary to return sources about the activities of the IAA to scientific circulation, as the modern concept of scientific diplomacy cannot be formulated and theoretically substantiated without taking into account the historical experience of the creation and endeavor of the IAA. It is hard to overestimate the importance of the IAA, since it is the first scientific organization that has embodied scientific diplomacy into real practice. We believe that all of the above sources should be republished. In this article, we will quote several fragments from the memoirs of scientists, as well as publish some archival documents. In the future, beyond the scope of this article, we will try to publish a number of texts and documents on the activities of the IAA, this will be our small contribution to the development of scientific diplomacy, which has a centuries-old history, and this historical experience should be known to modern researchers and practitioners of scientific diplomacy. From the memoirs of A.S. Famintsyn As for the initiators of the creation of the IAA, A.S. Famintsyn writes quite clearly — these are, «besides the academies (Berlin, Vienna and Munich), three learned societies: the Royal Society of Sciences in Gottingen, the Royal Society of Sciences in Leipzig and the Royal Society of London» [9. — p. 158]. The first proposal of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences to take part in the creation of the IAA was received in 1898 by the President of the Royal Society of London, the creator of surgical antiseptics, Sir Joseph Lister (1827-1912), and in 1899 by the indispensable secretary of the Berlin Academy of Sciences Hermann Diels (1848 -1922) notified the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences that «in accordance with the decision of the Congress of the German Academies in Munich and in agreement with the Royal Society in London, he invites, on behalf of the Berlin Academy, the Imperial Academy of Sciences to take part in the conference scheduled in Wiesbaden for October 9 and 10 (new style) and with the aim of founding the International Association of Academies» [9. — p. 159]. As for the purpose of the organization of the IAA, according to A.S. Famintsyn, is as follows: «to promote by all means the implementation of scientific enterprises, beyond the strength of not only one person, but also a separate nation. Therefore, the Association considers its main task to be the implementation of the widest possible and easy communication, both between individual scientists and scientific societies of all countries of the globe, with the aim of working together according to a strictly thought-out and developed plan in advance» [9. — p. 168]. In our opinion, such a goal and task of the IAA completely coincide with the modern goal of science diplomacy, which once again confirms the value of the experience of the creation and activities of the IAA for modern theorists and practitioners of science diplomacy. It should be noted that the assessment of the IAA by A.S. Famintsyn coincided with the assessments of his other contemporaries, for example, a few days after the meeting of representatives of the Academies in Wiesbaden, a short article about the IAA was published in the journal Nature, predicting good prospects for such an international scientific organization: «Association of Academies will be a more flexible instrument for good than are international organizations appointed for specific purposes, and composed either of persons named by the Governments of the countries represented, the associated Academies to discuss questions connected with any branch of science which might in their opinion call for international cooperation, and if they decided that such action was desirable, to take steps to call the attention of the scientific world or of the various Governments to the necessity For united action... It is obvious that an Institution Founded on these lines may become of the very first importance, and may play the part of an international parliament of science» [14]. Gaston Darboux on IAA G. Darboux in his article described the process of creating the IAA, and noted the ideological inspirer of the IAA establishment, namely the German philosopher and scientist Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), who once expressed the idea of "creating an association of the leading academies of the whole world" [17. — P 196]. And this idea was picked up at the end of the 19th century, according to G. Darboux, by the German historian Theodor Mommsen (1817-1903), the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess (1831-1914) and Hermann Diels mentioned above. This version is generally confirmed by a modern researcher, a representative of the German Historical Institute in London, Peter Alter. At the same time, P. Alter in his article "The Royal Society and the International Association of Academies 1897-1919"1 refers to the memoirs of the English physicist Arthur Schuster (1851-1934), who claims that the mathematician Felix Klein (1849-1925) in 1897 was the first to express the idea of creating an association between scientific academies around the world. However, as the IAA idea creator, A. Schuster, as well as G. Diels, refers to the German historian T. Mommsen, who then became a Nobel Prize winner in literature in 1902. Researchers from the Austrian Academy of Sciences Johannes Mattes and Doris Corradini write about T. Mommsen's contribution to the promotion of the idea of creating the IAA2. 1 See: Alter P. The Royal Society and the International Association of Academies 1897-1919 // Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Mar., 1980), pp. 241-264. 2 See: Corradini D.A., Mattes J. Die Akademie und die Internationalisierung der wissenschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit. Kartell Austrian researchers also note the role of the Austrian geologist E. Suess in the IAA creation. In the work of Y. Matthes and D. Corradini there is a photo published from the IAA conference, which took place in Wiesbaden. We are posting this photo as there are scientists in it, largely due to whom the IAA was created. As for the creation of the IAA, G. Darboux writes that «in 1898, several scientists from different countries expressed the opinion in private conversations that circumstances had become favorable for a return to the plan of founding the International Association of Academies» [17. — P. 197]. And in 1898, the issue of the IAA was included on the agenda of the "Cartel" ("Association of Scientific Corporations") in Göttingen, which was attended by German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer3 (1836-1921) from the Berlin Academy; from the Royal Society, Sir Michael Foster4 and the physicist Arthur William Rucker5 (1848-1915), and Messrs. Armstrong and Schuster6. As a result of this meeting, the Academies, which are part of the Cartel, approved the creation of the International Association of Academies, and representatives of the Royal Society promised to support such an undertaking. On October 9-10, 1899, at the IAA conference in Wiesbaden, which was held with the active participation of one of the secretaries of the Berlin Academy, astronomer Arthur von Auwers (1838-1915), the IAA charter was developed, which G. Darboux publishes in his article in full [ 17. — P. 203-206]. und Internationale Assoziation der Akademien (1892-1914). — URL: https://www.austriaca. at/0xc1aa5576%200x003d684e.pdf. 3 G.V. Waldeyer is also known for the fact that in 1891 he proposed the term "neuron", considered in the aggregate of the body with processes. And in 1883 he introduced the term "chromosome". 4 Michael Foster was one of the secretaries of the Royal Society from 1881 to 1903. 5 Arthur William Rucker served as Secretary of the Royal Society from 1896 to 1901. 6 Probably, G. Darboux calls the British physicist of German origin Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Conference of the International Association of Academies in Wiesbaden, October 9-10, 1899 The photo shows: Top row (left to right): Austrian chemist Adolf Lieben (1836-1914), English physicist Arthur Schuster (1851-1934), German mathematician Walter Dyck (1856-1934), Russian Iranian philologist Karl Zaleman (1849-1916), British chemist Henry E. Armstrong (1848-1937), German philologist Friedrich Leo (1851-1914). Middle row (left to right): German jurist and legal historian Hermann von Sicher (1839-1901), German philologist Ernst Windisch (1844-1918), British physicist Arthur Ruecker (1848-1915), American physician and physiologist Henry P. Bowditch (1840-1911), German chemist Johannes Wislicenus (1835-1902), German philologist Hermann Alexander Diels (1848-1922), Russian botanist Andrey Famintsyn (1835-1918), French chemist Henri Moissan (1852-1907), Austrian chemist and physicist Victor von Lang (1838-1921), American chemist Ira Remsen (1846-1927), German zoologist Ernst Ehlers (1835-1925). Bottom row (from left to right): French mathematician Gaston Darboux (1842-1917), German astronomer Arthur Overs (1838-1915), American astronomer Simon Newcomb (1835-1909), German geologist Karl von Zittel (1839-1904), German pathologist Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902), Austrian philosopher Theodor Gompertz (1832-1912), Austrian philologist Adolf Mussafia (1835-1905) Based on the memoirs of the direct participants to the creation of the IAA, A.S. Famintsyn and G. Darboux, it can be stated that the process of creating the IAA does not contradict the information published in the monograph of the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, namely: general interest. The Association took under its patronage a number of major scientific projects in the field of natural sciences and the humanities: seismologi-cal observations were developed, the 30th meridian arc was measured, a magnetic survey was made; editions of the works of Euler and Leibniz were being prepared. From humanitarian enterprises, the prepa- ration of the Encyclopedia of Islam, the first volume of which was published in 1927, the publication of the Mahabharata and the collection of ancient Greek and Latin medical texts (Corpus medicorum antiquorum), etc., was carried out. The Association's bodies were the General Assembly and the Council. The general meeting met every three years and consisted of two sections, physical and mathematical and historical and philological. The first General Assembly was held in Paris in 1901, the second — in 1904 in London, the third congress was held in 1907 in Vienna, the fourth — in 1910 in Rome and, finally, the fifth — in 1913 in St. Petersburg. The main initiators of the creation of the International Association of Academies were in 1898 the Royal Society of London and the Assembly of German Academies, which entered into negotiations with the most important scientific communities in Europe and America, including the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The founding conference was held in Wiesbaden on October 9-10, 1899. Ten academies were the founders of the Association: the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, the Royal Society of Sciences in Gottingen, the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences in Leipzig, the Royal Society in London, the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich, Academy of Sciences in Paris, Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, National Academy dei Lincei in Rome, National Academy of Sciences in Washington, Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. The creation of the International Association of Academies was evidence of a kind of scientific work "globalization", expressed in the unification of efforts not only of individual scientists, but also of entire scientific institutions from different countries. In these international organizations, each academy represented the science of its country» [1. — P. 937-938]. IAA and the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences The result of the conference on October 9-10, 1899, in Wiesbaden, was the decision to invite nine more Academies to the IAA — from Amsterdam, Brussels, Budapest, Christiania, Copenhagen, Madrid, Stockholm, as well as the Academy of Inscriptions and Fine Literature (Paris) and the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences (Paris) [9 — p. 160]. Throughout the existence of the IAA, the composition of the participants was replenished, in subsequent years it also included: the British Academy, the Imperial Academy of Japan, the Swiss Society of Naturalists, the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Finnish Academy of Sciences in Helsingfors. It should be noted that in 1901 in Paris, at a meeting of the General Assembly of the IAA, only one topic was proposed, which was proposed by the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences — the complete edition of the works of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. The French philosopher Victor Brochard (1848-1907) voiced the proposal to the Assembly. Here are a few words from his speech: "Leibniz's scientific activity is so extensive that it interests more or less scientists from all over the world, regardless of the subject of research, and, without exaggeration, we can say that Leibniz, as it were, embodies the idea that we are trying to implement now. He is the world himself. From the age of 22, he dreamed of organizing a Bibliographic Review, an inventory of all human knowledge, an encyclopedia that combines all sciences in a deductive form. All his life he was preoccupied with the idea of creating a universal language or script. Finally, as President Darboux aptly pointed out in his speech, he was the first to have the idea of organizing a federation of academia. He was the forerunner of our Association and justice requires that our first work be dedicated to him" [9. — P. 164]. As a result, it was decided to present a plan for the publication of Leibniz's works by the next General Meeting of the IAA and instruct the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences and the Academy of Sciences in Berlin to elect one delegate-directors to run this enterprise with the following instructions: 1) address all libraries and public book depositories with a request to indicate all articles useful for this publication; 2) compile a descriptive or systematic catalog of these articles; 3) to prepare a detailed draft of the publication [9 — p. 165]. Some erroneous data about IAA The paucity of research currently on the activities of the IAA leads to errors. For example, The American Science Review wrote that "Before the war the International Association of Academies, of which the United States was not a member, formed in 1900, met the need for organized cooperation among scholars" [15. — P. 499]. But representatives of the United States participated in the creation of the IAA and in its activities. For example, a letter from the Russian astronomer Oskar Andreevich Backlund (1846-1916) to the National Academy of Sciences in Washington has been preserved on the official letterhead of the IAA. The scientist asks to be informed about the decision of the American Academy to include two new academies from Scotland and Finland into the Association. We publish the text of this letter (translated from French into English) in an appendix to this article (see Appendix No. 1). Therefore — we can say for sure — the American Academy participated in the activities of the IAA. A telegram from the American astronomer George Ellery Hale to Russian scientists has also been preserved, in which it is reported that the United States entered the First World War and this event should contribute to the further development of cooperation between researchers from the United States and Russia (see Appendix No. 2). In response to a message from George Ellery Hale, a telegram was sent from Petrograd1 (see Appendix No. 3) signed by Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg (1863-1934), permanent secretary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, stating that the Russian Academy of Sciences had received a telegram from American colleagues and was sending in response, fraternal greetings with firm conviction in the triumph of law [8]. S.F. Oldenburg requires a separate study, as an example of a scientist and diplomat, since he was elected to many foreign scientific academies and scientific centers, was a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, the Gottingen Acad- 1 St. Petersburg on August 18, 1914 was renamed Petrograd. emy of Sciences, an honorary member of the Royal Asian Society of Great Britain, the Paris Asian Society, an honorary doctor of the Eberdeen University of Glasgow and the Archaeological Institute of India. Moreover, from the published list of participants in the IAA conference in Wiesbaden in 1899 [See: 17 — P. 202] American scientists represented the National Academy in Washington at the IAA conference: astronomer and mathematician Simon Newcomb2 (1835-1909), chemist Ira Rem-sen3 (1846-1927) and physiologist Henry Pickering Bowditch (1840-1911). Such a list of representatives is also confirmed in the published reports of the National Academy in Washington, and the decision that the Academy accepts membership in the IAA4. IAA in 1913 And one more mistake. Two scholarly websites state that the last activity of the IAA was in 1912: on the portal of the Union of International Associations [13] and on the site of the National Library of France project data.bnf.fr. Here is a quote from this resource: «Association créée en 1889 à Wiesbaden, Allemagne; fonctionne jusqu'en 1912 environ» [16] (In English: Association created in 1889 in Wiesbaden, Germany; operates until about 1912). But the documents say opposite. In 1913, the General Assembly (Congress) of the Association was held in St. Petersburg. In confirmation of this event, we are publishing a photocopy of the Card of Assembly Delegate George Ellery Hale, one of the founders of the California Institute of Technology. 2 Simon Newcomb was a member of the Royal Society of London (1877) of the Paris Academy of Sciences, was a foreign honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1896). 3 Ira Remsen served as president of the US National Academy of Sciences from 1907 to 1913. 4 For more details see: Report of the National Academy of Sciences for the year 1899. Washington, 1900 — P. 13-18. NB. La présente carte donne droit de participation aux travaux et excursions du Congrès tout en offrant l'avantage de servir de lettre de recommandation auprès des autorités russes. ИМПЕРАТОРСКАЯ АКАДЕМ 1Я НАУКЪ. Организации! ное Бюро Общпго Собрашя Международной Ассоц1&цш ЛкадопЛ, Ночетннмъ ИредсЪдатолемъ котораго состоит» Его Императорское Высочество Велижй Князь КОНСТАНТИНЪ КОНСТАНТИНОВИЧЪ, проентъ оказывать поименованному въ ссмъ билстЬ лицу, прп въ-Ьзд-Ь н во время пребывашя его въ Pocciii, всякое сод!;Яств1е, согласно опещальиымъ расноряжошямъ, сд-Ьланнымь своонременно под-ложащнмъ вТдомстиамъ Гг. Министрами: Иностранных!. Д+лъ, Внутрениихъ ДЬлъ, Финансовъ и Путей Сообщешя. Figure 1 — Card of the delegate of the IAA Congress in 1913 in St. Petersburg. Source: California Institute of Technology, Part of George Ellery Hale Papers. LOCAL IDENTIFIER: hale: 96212, local: GEH_2_49_2. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.31003705 On the back of the card is written in French: «Note. This card gives the right to participate in the work of the Congress and excursions, as well as the advantage as a letter of recommendation to the Russian authorities». Also on the card is a text in Russian: «The Imperial Academy of Sciences. Organizational Bureau of the General Meeting of the International Association of Academies, whose Honorary Chairman is His Imperial Highness Grand Duke KONSTANTIN KONSTANTINOVICH1, asks that the person named on this ticket be indicated, upon entry and during his stay in Russia, is assisted in any necessary way, in accordance with special orders made in a timely manner to the relevant departments of Messrs. ministers: foreign affairs, internal affairs, finance and communications». Another document. This is an invitation from the city of St. Petersburg to a delegate to come to a concert in honor of the IAA Congress. 1 Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov (1858-1915), great uncle of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, headed the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences for over a quarter of a century, from 1889 to 1915. By decree of Emperor Alexander III of May 3, 1889, Konstantin Konstanti-novich was appointed the twelfth president of the Academy since its foundation in 1725. It should also be noted that the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire preserved the report of the Counselor of the Russian Embassy in Great Britain Nikolai Sevastyanovich von Etter2 (1865-1935) to the Second Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry of March 19 / April 1, in which he informs that the Secretary of the Royal Society R. Harrison applied to the Russian Embassy with a statement that the Congress of the International Association of Academies, which will be held in May 1913 in St. Petersburg, will be sent representatives — members of the Royal Society: one of the Secretaries of the Society, Professor Arthur Schuster3 (1851-1934 ); Lieutenant Colonel, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Sir David Prain4 (1857-1944); professor of physiology at Liverpool University Charles 2 Von Etter Nikolai Sevastyanovich — Russian diplomat, in 1906-1915 he was an adviser to the embassy in London. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Persian Court (1915-1917). In exile in Finland. He died in 1935 at the Heiko estate near Borgo. 3 Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster — English physicist, served as Secretary of the Royal Society and was elected Vice President (1919-20) and Foreign Secretary (1920-24). 4 Sir David Prain, a botanist, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1905 and also became director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. He held this post until 1922. Figure 2 — An invitation from the city of St. Petersburg to a delegate to come to a concert in honor of the IAA Congress. Source: California Institute of Technology, Part of George Ellery Hale Papers. LOCAL IDENTIFIER: hale: 96212, local: GEH_2_49_2. Stable URL: https://www. jstor.org/stable/community.31003705 Scott Sherrington1 (1857-1952) and professor of astronomy at Oxford University Herbert Hall Turner2 (1861-1930). At the same time, according to N.S. von-Etter, R. Harrison asked the Russian embassy in London to provide representatives of the Royal Society with travel to Russia «without any difficulties and special formalities» [19]. With the consent of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, a photocopy of N.S. von-Etter are published in full in this publication. In 1913, the activities of the Association continued. And this is confirmed by documents. In our subsequent articles, we will publish documents on the activities of the IAA, including the results and results of the congress of the organization in St. Petersburg in 1913. In the personal archive of V.I. Verna-dsky, a list of delegates to this congress 1 Sir Charles Scott Sherrington — an outstanding English neurophysiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1932 (1/2 prize, jointly with Edgar Adrian). Wording of the Nobel Committee: "for their discoveries concerning the functions of neurons" (for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons). 2 Herbert Hall Turner is a British astronomer and seismologist. Secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society. From 1884-1894 he was chief assistant at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich. It was he who transmitted to the Lowell Observatory the proposal of an eleven-year-old girl from Oxford, Venetia Burney, to name the ninth planet Pluto. of the IAA has been preserved [4]. In the same year, a Russian scientist wrote an article about the IAA, which contains important words: "In these world cultural organizations we see the weak sprouts of a great future — a single world organization of all mankind, which our descendants will see. <...> In this personal communication and in the habit created through such congresses to work together to achieve goals that pursue scientific truth, eternal and unchanging, outside the framework of political and national life that separates us, lies the significance of organizations such as the Union of Academies "[2]. At the IAA congress in St. Petersburg not only purely scientific, but also universal issues were discussed — for example, how to move to a single calendar3. It was the question of the unification of the calendar that the French Academy of Sciences proposed to include in the discussion and in the final resolution following the results of the Congress (see Appendix No. 4). Here is a quote from a surviving document: «The complex issues associated with the reform of the calendar will require careful study. Therefore, the [Paris] Acad- 3 The transition of the countries of the world to the Gregorian calendar was very long. For example, Denmark switched to it in 1700, Great Britain in 1752, Japan in 1873, China in 1911, Turkey in 1925, Bulgaria in 1916, Russia in 1918, Serbia in 1919, Greece in 1924. 421 \ ■ ^/¿осослястДсг Ч / У 1 И J г, 21 MA I'll!) 13 К1 Во нторой Департамент. fj-'i, YtfUgiWS?) \ Т9Марта/1АПр£ля 1913 года. So. iil VСекретарь Королевскасю Общества (i'he Royal Society) обратился въ ИМПЕРАТОРСКОЕ Посольство оъ заяв~ лен1емъ, что на устрояемый въ Hat Mtcani въ С.-Петербург^ ИМПЕРАТОРСКОМ) Академ1ею Наукъ съ4зд8 Международной AccociauiH Академий названное Обцество отправляетъ четырехъ членовъ, въ качг-ств4 своихъ представителей, а именно: Поофессора Артура Щустера,одного ивъ Секретарей Общества,Подполковника Сэра Давида Прэна,Директора Королевскаго Ботаническаго Сада въ Кь», Профессора. : м Vi'/ Figure 3 — Report of the Counselor of the Russian Embassy in the UK N.S. von-Etter to the Second Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry dated March 19/April 1, 1913. emy proposes to the vote of the Association the following draft resolution: «The International Association of Academies decides to establish an International Commission on the Calendar, which is entrusted with studying issues related to the unification and simplification of calendars and fixing the Easter holiday...» [11]. The full text of the proposal from the French Academy of Sciences can be found in Appendix No. 4 — we have translated this document from French into English. In 1914, the world plunged into the First World War, and this was the reason Чарльса Скотта Щеррингтона, профессора ФизЮлотЧи ъ% Ливерпульском* Университет^ и Профессора Герберта Голля Тернера, Профессора Астроном1и въ Оксфордской Университет^. Bméctî ci означеннымъ заявленхемъ г.Р. Харрисонъ обратился въ Посольство съ ходатайством^ объ оказанли поименованным* делегатамъ возможнаго содМств1я, въ видах* обезпеченЛя имъ проезда въ С.-Петербург* безъ какихъ либо затруднен^ и осо— бенныхъ формальностей« Доводя о вышеизложенном* до св$Л,вн1я Второго Департамента, ИМПЕРАТОРСКОЕ Посольство будете имйть честь ожидать указан!й относительно просимый льгот, предполагая, съ своей стороны, ограничить их общею рекомендаЩев пограничной нашей Таможне. Советник* Посольства: Source. AFPRE, f. Second department, op. 691, d. 74, l. 6-6rev [АВПРИ, ф. Второй департамент, оп. 691, д. 74, л. 6-6об.]. IAA's contribution to the development of science and scientific diplomacy In our opinion, the results of the IAA's activities are underestimated by contemporaries. Some researchers, for example why the Association ceased its activities, despite the fact that the Berlin Academy, which was supposed to be in charge of the Association, transferred its powers to the Royal Academy in Antwerp. The academies of the Entente countries did not agree to further cooperation Tsee: 1. — P. 8961. P. Alter1, present the results of the IAA activities briefly, moreover, it is claimed that they were insignificant. It seems to us, that such a conclusion calls for preliminary study of the results of the IAA's activities, which currently does not exist. Although even now we can mention worth contribution of the IAA to the development of human science, its connection with the brain studies. At the turn of 19 century, the Swiss anatomist and embryologist Wilhelm Gies (1831-1904) paved the way to a brain study project. One institute could not manage to put so ambitious project into practice, so since the 1900s, the scientist has been working on a plan to create a network of research institutes for mapping the brains of animals and humans. The detailed development of the brain research project and its further implementation was handled by the Central Commission for Brain Research2, which was established by the IAA on June 5, 1903 in London. Wilhelm Gees was elected the first chairman of this commission, and after his death in 1904, Gees was replaced by the German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer (1836-1921). At the same time, the decision to create a commission was made at the first Congress of the IAA in 1901 in Paris. Due to the report on the Congress of A.S. Famintsyn, we can accurately reproduce this decision of the IAA: "... to form a commission under the Association to develop 1 See: Alter P. The Royal Society and the International Association of Academies 1897-1919 // Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Mar., 1980), pp. 241-264. 2 On the establishment and activities of the commission, see the following publications: Eling P., Hofman M.A. The Central Institute for Brain Research in Amsterdam and its Directors // Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 23: 109-119, 2014; Jagella S., Koehler P.J. The International Brain Commission (1903-1914): Dutch and Swiss Perspective (Towards Neurosciences Beyond Borders) // Clinical & Trans-lational Neuroscience January-June 2018: 1-10; Richter J. The Brain Commission of the International Association of Academies: The first international society of neurosciences // Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 445-457, 2000. brain anatomy together and instruct it to develop a plan for the establishment of a system of international institutions, in order to improve research methods, collecting monotonous reception of material that would be available to any scientist for use" [9. — P. 167]. The commission was attended by the main brain researchers of that time, such as the British scientist in the field of physiology and neurobiology Charles S. Sherrington (1857-1952), the Spanish physician and histologist Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934), the Swiss neurologist of Russian origin Konstantin von Monakov (1853-1930), the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) Russian Russian neurologist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev (1857-1927), Russian histologist Alexander Stanislavovich Dogel (1852-1922), Scottish neurologist and psychologist David Ferrier (1843-1928), Russian neurologist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev (1857-1927), Russian histologist Alexander Stanislavovich Dogel (1852-1922), etc. In May 1904, the IAA approved a resolution of the Central Commission for Brain Research. According to it, national academies and societies that participated in the IAA should appeal to the governments of their countries "with a request to establish special Institutes for the study of the nervous system, abbreviated as Institutes for the Study of the brain"3 or to develop existing institutions to achieve this goal. This resolution is a concrete example of the contribution of scientific diplomacy to the development of science, both in general and for individual countries of the world. Due to the efforts of the Central Commission for Brain Research of the IAA, the V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute in St. Petersburg (Russia)4, the Karoli 3 Cit. by: Richter J. The Brain Commission of the International Association of Academies: The first international society of neurosciences // Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 6. P. 447. 4 On June 9, 1907, Nicholas II considered the case "On the establishment of a Psychoneurological Institute in St. Petersburg" and approved it with sig- Shaffer Institute of Brain Histology1 in Budapest (Hungary), and the Netherlands Central Institute for Brain Research under the leadership of Professor K.U. Ariens Kappers were established2. As a result, the network of "intera-cademic brain institutes" included nine research centers in different cities of the world: Madrid (Ramon y Cajal, 1904), Leipzig (Paul Flechsig, 1904), Frankfurt am Main (Ludwig Edinger, 1904), Vienna (Heinrich Obersteiner, 1906), Zurich (Mo-nakov, 1906), Philadelphia (Henry H. Donaldson, 1906), St. Petersburg (Vladimir Bekhterev, 1907-1908), Amsterdam (Cornelius W. Ariens Kappers, 1909) and Budapest (Karoli Shaffer, 1912). The IAA Brain Commission had no successor since the termination of the IAA's activities, for almost half a century, until 1961, when the International Organization for Brain Research (IBRO) was established. This fact suggests it is possible to organize integration processes in the field of scientific research, but when relations break off, restoring them is not an easy task, sometimes requiring decades. At the end the IAA review, it is necessary quote the words about the meaning of scientific diplomacy by Arthur Schuster, which are very relevant for current times: "I do not wish to exaggerate the civilizing value of scientific investigation, but the great problems of creation link all humanity together, and it may yet come to pass that when diplomacy fails —and it is often comes perilously near failure — it will fall to the men of science and learning to preserve the peace of the world"3. nature in a Special journal of the Council of Ministers. This date became the official date of the Institute's establishment. The Psychoneurological Institute was created not only as a research institution in distinction from institutes in other countries, but also as a higher educational institution. 1 Karoly Shaffer (1864-1939) — Hungarian neurologist. 2 Cornelius UbboAriens Cappers (1877-1946) — Dutch neurologist. 3 Cit. by: Alter P. The Royal Society and the International Association of Academies 1897-1919 // Conferences that have made a great contribution to the development of scientific diplomacy in the second half of the 20th century The following international scientific forums, organizations and initiatives, which originate in the 20th century, also made a huge contribution to the development of scientific diplomacy [see: 6. — P. 40]: Pugwash conferences. The Pugwash Conferences began with the RussellEinstein Manifesto, which was announced in 1955 in London. The authors of the manifesto suggested holding a meeting of scientists to consider the threats posed to the world by nuclear weapons. The first Pugwash Conference with the participation of scientists from 10 countries took place on July 7-10, 1957 in the town of Pugwash (Pugwash; Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada). The success of the first conference in Pugwash was largely due to the participation of Russian scientists in it — physicist, academician D.V. Skobeltsyn (1892-1990), chemist, academician A.V. Topchiev (1907-1962) and biophysicist and radiobiologist, future corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences A.M. Kuzin (1906-1999). Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and one of the active participants in the Pugwash movement E.M. Primakov (1929-2015) wrote in his memoirs: «The Pugwash movement has become <...> the most important channel of communication between influential representatives of the USSR, the USA, and Western Europe. When there were practically no contacts at the state and government levels, this "vacuum" was filled through the Pugwash and some other channels, through which contacts were made between the two "camps" lining up missiles with nuclear warheads against each other» [quoted from the source: 3]. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Mar., 1980). P. 246. Such conferences are an example of highlevel scientific diplomacy. The participants of the Pugwash conferences made calculations and proved that in the event of a nuclear war, a «nuclear winter» would come on earth, which would destroy all life on the planet and no one could survive. Dartmouth Conferences (or Dartmouth Dialogue). The first Dartmouth conference took place in October 1960 at Dartmouth College in the United States. One of the founding members of the conference is Norman Cousins (1915-1990), editor of the Saturday Review. Since 1971, US support for the conferences has been provided by the Kettering Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Lilly Foundation. On the part of the USSR — the Soviet Committee for the Defense of Peace, as well as the Institute of the USA and Canada and the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, or IMEMO. In his memoirs, David Rockefeller, who took an active part in the Dartmouth Dialogue, wrote: «Although the Dartmouth Conferences did not change the course of history, they were a platform where significant issues could be discussed and new ideas could be proposed. Each of us who took part, whether American or Russian, learned something about the attitudes, motivations, and hopes of our partners that made it impossible to think that remained only in the rigid ideological categories of the Cold War. The Dartmouth meetings broke down barriers and made change possible» [8 — p. 236]. Among the participants from the USSR were such scientists as V.M. Chkhikvadze (1912-2006), director of the Institute of State and Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences; M.I. Rubinstein (1894-1969), one of the leading Soviet economists, member of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IMEMO, USSR Academy of Sciences). Also, the future Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Chairman of the Government of Russia E.M. Primakov, who wrote in his memoirs: «As for the Dartmouth meetings, they were regularly held in order to discuss and bring together the approaches of the two superpowers on the issues of arms reduction, the search for a way out of various international conflicts, and the creation of conditions for economic cooperation» [7. — p. 49]. Today, when relations between Russia and the United States are at a very low and dangerous level, the Dartmouth conferences are more relevant than ever. We can welcome the fact that after a 24-year break — in 2014 — the conference resumed its work. On November 4-5, 2014, the 18th Dartmouth Conference took place in Dayton (USA). The honorary co-chairs of the conference were E.M. Primakov, from the USA — Henry Kissinger. As for practical activities, in addition to the above conferences and organizations, scientists from different countries carry out a lot of work on an ongoing basis in the field of international communication, thereby helping diplomats to develop cooperation with various countries both in the field of science and education, and in economic and political issues. Today it is necessary to study the history of science diplomacy, which was formed precisely through such organizations and forums as the IAA, the Pugwash Conferences, the Dartmouth Conferences, etc. We believe that the study of these scientific initiatives of the past will help to more accurately form the modern concept of science diplomacy. Appendix No. 1 SOME ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS ABOUT THE ACTIVITIES OF THE IAA Source: California Institute of Technology, Part of George Ellery Hale Papers. LOCAL IDENTIFIER: hale: 96212, local: GEH_2_49_2. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.31003705 Translation of the letter from French into English: To the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC In accordance with the resolution approved by the General Assembly of the association on May 14, 1913, the Bureau has the honor to put to the vote Edinburgh Royal Society and Finnish Academy of Sciences in Helsingfors for election to the Associated Academies, an election for which the so-called assembly expressed its full sympathy. The Bureau urges you to send it your decision to admit these two companies to the Association. President O. Backlund. Appendix No. 2 Source: California Institute of Technology, Part of George Ellery Hale Papers. LOCAL IDENTIFIER: hale: 96212, local: GEH_2_49_2. Stable URL: https://www.istor.org/stable/communitv.31003705 Appendix No. 3 ACADEMIE SCIENCES RUSSE VIENT RECEVOIR VOTRE CHAIiUREUX TELEGRAMME HEUREUX ETRE UNIS AVEC GRANDE REPUBLIQUE AMERICAINE DANS CAUSEE COMMUNE HUMANITE LIHïïRTE DES PEUPLES ENVOIE SALUTS MATERNELS AVEC FERME CONVICTION Source: California Institute of Technology, Part of George Ellery Hale Papers. LOCAL IDENTIFIER: hale: 96212, local: GEH_2_49_2. Stable URL: https://www.istor.org/stable/community.31003705 Translation of the telegram from French into English: Petrograd May 27, 1917 National Academy of Science Washington The Russian Academy of Sciences has just received a cordial telegram, rejoicing that we have united with the great republic of America in the community of peoples' humanitarian freedoms, we send fraternal greetings with firm conviction in the triumph of law. Oldenburg, permanent secretary Appendix No. 4 INSTITUT l)K FRANCE ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES PROJET DE RÉSOLUTION riEMMK A LA CINQUIÈME ASSKMIII.KK CÉNKHAI.E DK L'ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES ACADÉMIES I. ACADEMIE IMI'ÊRIALK DES SCIENCES HK SAINT PETKRSBOCRI! 11)13 L—^_____________ Translation of the Draft Resolution from French into English: Institute of France Draft Resolution of the Academy of Sciences, Submitted to the Fifth General Assembly From the International Association of Academies at the directorate Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg 1913 PROJET DE RÉSOLUTION L'Académie de« Sciences de Paris, en demandant de inellre à l'ordre du jour l'unification et la simplification des calendriers, a seulement voulu montrer l'intérêt que prend à ces problème» le monde scientifique. Il lui semble qu'il serait prématuré d'ouvrir dé« maintenant une discussion sur les nombreux projets qui (loui-mieiit être proposés. Les question* complexes, que soulève la reforme du Calendrier, demanderont une étude approfondie. Aussi l'Académie propose-t-elle au vole de l'Association le projet suivant de résolution : « L'Association internationale des Académies décide la création d'une Commission internationale du Calendrier, chargée d'étudier les questions relatives à l'unification et la simplification des calendriers et à la fixité de la fête de IViques. Les membres de cette Commission seront désignés par chacune des Académies associées, à raison de deux par Académie, sansqu'ils lui appartiennent nécessairement, conformément à l'article 10 des Statuts. La Commission du (Calendrier, dont le président sera de la nationalité de l'Académie directrice \|>endanl la période (i;\|i4-if)l<>). fera un rapport sur ses travaux à la prochaine session de l'Association internationale, après »'être mise en relations, si elle le juge utile, avec les Autorités ecclésiastiques intéressées. » Source: California Institute of Technology, Part of George Ellery Hale Papers. LOCAL IDENTIFIER: hale: 96212, local: GEH_2_49_2. Stable URL: https://www.istor.org/stable/communitv.31003705 DRAFT RESOLUTION The Paris Academy of Sciences, asking to put on the agenda the unification and simplification of the calendar, only wanted to show the interest that the scientific world shows in these problems. It seems that it would be premature now to start discussing the many projects that might be proposed. The complex issues associated with calendar reform will require careful study. The Academy therefore proposes to the vote of the Association the following draft resolution: "The International Association of Academies decides to establish an International Calendar Commission, which is entrusted with studying issues related to the unification and simplification of calendars and fixing the Easter holiday. Members of this commission will be appointed by each of the associated academies in the amount of two persons for each academy without mandatory membership in it in accordance with Article 10 of the Charter. The Schedule Commission, chaired by a citizen of the Director's Academy during the period (1914-1916), will present a report on its work at the next session of the International Association after establishing relations, if it deems it appropriate, with the ecclesiastical authorities concerned. References 1. Актуальное прошлое: взаимодействие и баланс интересов Академии наук и Российского государства в XVIII — начале XX в. 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4591	dbpedia	2	19	http://www.alancumming.com/2020-a/2020/6/29/honourary-fellowship-royal-society-of-edinburgh	en	Honourary Fellowship, Royal Society of Edinburgh — ALANCUMMING.COM	http://static1.squarespace.com/static/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/5e1cdf5787393636aa55e2d4/5efa221709029f1bceab72ed/1593451335945/RSE.png?format=1500w	http://static1.squarespace.com/static/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/5e1cdf5787393636aa55e2d4/5efa221709029f1bceab72ed/1593451335945/RSE.png?format=1500w	[ "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1593451191188-AN8XDJIQEOWZVCNONH50/RSE.png", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684621524367-DZOQQAU6Z8D090OE78AL/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684507508405-WRYBFAJG9OSS5WOXMK37/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684507508405-WRYBFAJG9OSS5WOXMK37/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684348695264-B4IMMQ0YOW50M0HSULEC/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684348695264-B4IMMQ0YOW50M0HSULEC/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684180340124-TIX0UNLX6C641Z18P08D/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684065586713-DTLDPU3K6WMCZ1459NQE/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684065586713-DTLDPU3K6WMCZ1459NQE/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1684003985298-N242WP0AZE8YT4NMO4CP/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683986078117-XXX30R4VNAITE2E5JDD7/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683889163648-V9MV8DXNJ7AIVXXOU59W/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683889163648-V9MV8DXNJ7AIVXXOU59W/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683729702990-06AC24HWUAMLOY5KDT3B/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683649318111-EFBPIK08RA5HIZYSVBG3/image-asset.jpeg", "https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53de7aaee4b0f7ce895694f9/1683649318111-EFBPIK08RA5HIZYSVBG3/image-asset.jpeg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Alan Cumming" ]	2020-06-29T00:00:00	I was made an honourary fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy representing the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Those who are nominated, and then invited to join, h	en	https://assets.squarespace.com/universal/default-favicon.ico	ALANCUMMING.COM	http://www.alancumming.com/2020-a/2020/6/29/honourary-fellowship-royal-society-of-edinburgh	I was made an honourary fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy representing the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Those who are nominated, and then invited to join, have undergone rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and societal contribution. Fellows, who give of their time freely, play a fundamental role in enabling the RSE to deliver its mission ‘Knowledge Made Useful’, contributing to the cultural, economic and social well-being of Scotland and the wider world. In the words of Val McDermid, one of the supporters for my Fellowship: “His range is remarkable – as a highly respected actor, director, producer, singer, voice artist, interviewer and writer, his career is both inspirational and aspirational for the young people he supports. “His work in support of the LGBTQI community has also been of real significance and his own journey is one that provides hope and stokes ambition in young people in difficult situations. He’s a wonderful communicator who engages directly with a broad spectrum of audiences, talking passionately and thoughtfully about his beliefs and experiences.” In response to my fellowship, I commented: “We are at a time in history when more than ever before we need to talk, debate, and conclude. It is such an honour to be asked to join such a great group of thinkers and I am so excited to meet the RSE fellows.”
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"https://images.e-flux-systems.com/stillmako_idemitsu.jpg,1600", "https://www.e-flux.com/elements/qrcode_for_gh_a6cd2a8e23c1_430.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en			null	Nearly all the leading art museums, biennials, cultural centers, magazines, publishers, and independent curators worldwide, including: Museums such as: MoMA; The Guggenheim; Mudam; The Louvre; Tate Modern; M+; Centre Pompidou; and many others. Biennials such as: documenta; Venice Biennial; Sao Paulo Biennial; Istanbul Biennial; Whitney Biennial; Berlin Biennial; Shanghai Biennial; Gwangju Biennial; Dakar Biennial; Manifesta; and others. Art fairs such as: Art Basel, Frieze Art Fair, Artissima, and others. Magazines, including: Frieze, Flash Art, Artforum, Afterall, and many others. Art book publishers and distributors such as: David Zwirner Books, MIT Press, Sternberg Press, and others. e-flux is read by 150,000+ visual arts professionals: 16% independent curators, 14% museum-affiliated curators, 13% artists, 12% galleries, 11% writers/critics, 9% consultants, 7% architects, 6% collectors, 5% general, 4% designers, and 3% academics. Our readers span the globe: 41% in Europe, 30% in North America, 12% in East Asia, 7% in Latin America, 6% in Middle East and Central Asia, 3% in Oceania, and 1% in Africa.
4591	dbpedia	2	58	https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/news/professor-andrew-morris-presented-with-royal-medal-from-the-royal-society-of-edinburgh/	en	Professor Andrew Morris presented with Royal Medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh	https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/…raphy-scaled.jpg	https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/…raphy-scaled.jpg	[ "https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/hdruk/assets/img/logo.svg", "https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Abbey-Headshot-348x348.jpg", "https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/3-CREDIT-University-of-Edinburgh-SINGLE-USE-ONLY-e1724753516706-380x209.jpg", "https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Template-Choose-an-image-related-to-your-event-from-Canva-or-HDR-UK-library-7-380x209.png", "https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Louise-and-Anmol-380x209.png", "https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/hdruk/assets/img/logo.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2023-11-09T16:27:47+00:00	Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal has presented Professor Andrew Morris, Director of HDR UK, with a medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh for outstanding contributions to scientific research.	en	https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/…/img/favicon.png	HDR UK	https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/news/professor-andrew-morris-presented-with-royal-medal-from-the-royal-society-of-edinburgh/	The Princess Royal, Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, was officially welcomed to the RSE by its president Professor Sir John Ball on Wednesday, 8 November, to award Professor Andrew Morris and Professor David Leigh with their Royal Medals. Professor Morris is Professor of Medicine and Vice-Principal in Data Science at the University of Edinburgh, as well as the Director of HDR UK, the national institute for health data science. Professor Andrew Morris FRSE was awarded his Royal Medal for “exceptional contributions to advancing health data science in Scotland and internationally.” This award recognises his contribution to scientific research through the creation of HDR UK and the UK’s Health Innovation Gateway, which has catalysed the trustworthy use of health data for patient and public benefit. This has already proven its worth in the fight against Covid-19 with real-time reporting to Chief Medical Officer advisory groups and the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies. Professor Morris said: “It is a great honour to be the recipient of the Royal Medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Health data has the potential to change people’s lives for the better. This was underscored during the Pandemic when we were privileged to work with teams from across the UK and internationally. These collaborations demonstrated how health data science could create new knowledge and wisdom that improved health outcomes on a global scale.” Professor David Leigh FRSE, of the University of Manchester, was also awarded the Royal Medal for “pioneering work in methods to control molecular-level dynamics.” His body of work on the synthesis of entwined and entangled molecular systems, in the form of threads, knots, and links, has been hailed as groundbreaking and has enabled the advancement of synthetic molecular machines, known as nanobots. President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Professor Sir John Ball, said: “I would like to congratulate the medalists Professor David Leigh and Professor Andrew Morris on their scientific achievements. They are truly exemplary of the RSE’s mission of knowledge for public good and as such thoroughly deserving of this recognition.”
4591	dbpedia	3	14	https://royalsociety.org/grants/newton-international/	en	Newton International Fellowships	https://royalsociety.org…lows-id-2023.jpg	https://royalsociety.org…lows-id-2023.jpg	[ "https://royalsociety.org/assets/images/logo@2x.png", "https://royalsociety.org/-/media/grants/newton-fellowships/anand-maurya.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/-/media/grants/newton-fellowships/elsa-zacco.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/-/media/grants/newton-fellowships/victoria-mccoy.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/-/media/grants/about-grants/grants-applications.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/-/media/grants/university-research-fellowship/university-research_4-5.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/-/media/grants/training-and-mentoring/planet_training_mentoring_2046x690.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/grants/newton-international/url(/-/media/navigation/footer/logoalt2x.png)" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2024-01-23T00:00:00	This fellowship is for non-UK scientists who are at an early stage of their research career and wish to conduct research in the UK.	en	/assets/icons/favicon-16x16.png		https://royalsociety.org/grants/newton-international/	Open date 23 January 2024 Close date 19 March 2024 Decision by 31 August 2024 About the scheme The Newton International Fellowship (NIF) programme provides support for outstanding early career researchers to make a first step towards developing an independent research career through gaining experience across international borders. The fellowships enable researchers to access expertise, gain new perspectives and build long-lasting collaborative relationships. This scheme is jointly run by the British Academy and the Royal Society. The overarching aim of the Newton International Fellowship programme is to attract and retain emerging talent in the UK and build a globally connected, mobile research and innovation workforce. The objectives are to: Attract talented international early career researchers to establish and conduct their research in the UK Support early career researchers to pursue high-quality and innovative lines of research Provide opportunities to acquire new skills and knowledge through training and career development Foster long-term relationships through networking opportunities and the Newton International Fellowships alumni programme. Applications for the humanities and social sciences should be made to the British Academy. If you are unsure about which academy to apply to, contact info@newtonfellowships.org. The Royal Society recognises that diversity is essential for delivering excellence in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The Society wants to encourage applications from the widest range of backgrounds, perspectives and experiences to maximise innovation and creativity in science for the benefit of humanity. We regularly review and revise policies and processes to embed equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) principles in all aspects of the grant making process and ensure all talented applicants have an equitable chance to succeed as per assessment criteria. See below for details of adjustments we can provide for disabled applicants. ISPF-Funded and Privately-Funded Fellowships We welcome applications from all countries. The Royal Society also has funding through the International Science Partnerships Fund to support additional Newton International Fellowships for applicants applying from Switzerland. The Royal Society’s partnership with the K C Wong Education Foundation also allows us to fund additional fellowships for applicants applying from China. These awards are termed Royal Society K C Wong International Fellowships. It is not possible to apply directly for one of these fellowships. They are selected from the same pool of applicants as the Newton International Fellowships and are of equal value and prestige. Changes to the scheme Fellowships awarded in the 2024 round will be two years in duration. What does the scheme offer? The maximum award value will be £280,000 over two years. Funds can cover: basic salary as set by the host institution and associated on-costs research expenses relocation and visa costs for Newton International Fellows and their dependents (partner and children). The total grant cap may be exceeded to cover relocation/visa costs if this is well justified in the application estate costs and indirect costs Further detail on these changes is available in the scheme notes and in our Royal Society Funding Guidance (costing policy) We provide flexibility to accommodate personal circumstances including part-time working for health reasons or caring responsibilities. There is provision for maternity, paternity, shared parental, adoptive or extended sick leave, as well as financial support for childcare costs that arise from attending conferences and research visits. Royal Society Research Fellows also have the opportunity to access a range of career development and engagement opportunities including training on leadership, science communication and public engagement, and activities coordinated by our science policy and schools engagement teams. For further detail on these additional benefits, read our opportunities page. Successful applicants may also be eligible to receive alumni funding to support continued networking activities with UK-based researchers following completion of their fellowship. This scheme is for you if: You have a PhD, or will have a PhD by the time the funding starts You have no more than seven years of active full time postdoctoral experience at the time of application (discounting career breaks, but including teaching experience and/or time spent in industry on research) You are based outside the UK You do not hold UK citizenship You are competent in oral and written English Your research is within the Royal Society’s remit of natural sciences, which includes but is not limited to biological research and biomedical sciences, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. For a full list, please see the breakdown of subject groups and areas supported by the Royal Society. Applications for the humanities and social sciences should be made to the British Academy. All applications are developed with the support of a UK sponsor. The Sponsor should work with the lead applicant to develop the project proposal and should provide mentoring, support, and guidance throughout the duration of the award. Applicants can be of any nationality and those requiring a visa are eligible to apply for a Global Talent Visa under the fast-track process of endorsement. Read the scheme notes and FAQ for further information on eligibility. Please ensure that you meet all eligibility requirements before applying. You will apply through our application and grant management system, Flexi-Grant®. See the ‘Application and assessment process’ page for a general overview of the application and selection steps and below for details specific to this scheme. Assessment of your application will be overseen by one of the four Newton International Fellowship Panels. Following eligibility checks, applications are initially reviewed and assessed by two members of the Extended Committee who have the most appropriate expertise. Shortlisted applications are then discussed at a Panel meeting where recommendations for funding are made. Further detail on the application and assessment process is available in the scheme notes. The Royal Society welcomes applications from disabled applicants and provides support and adjustments to ensure that they can participate fully in the selection process. If you require support or an adjustment when accessing the application form, attending interviews, or for any other part of the application process, please contact the Grants Team on info@newtonfellowships.org or call +44 20 7451 2666. All requests for adjustments are made in confidentiality. Any request for an adjustment will not normally be shared with panel members unless it becomes relevant to the assessment process itself. If we need to share your request with anyone (for example if panel members are required to implement any adjustments during interviews), we will ask for your permission first. Adjustments can include but are not limited to: Extension of the deadline Additional support to complete the application form Receiving the application form in a different format, such as on a Word document Support during interviews as required, including technical support for candidates requiring accessibility software or services Additional costs that candidates may incur on account of their particular disability to attend an interview If you have further questions regarding the scheme, please contact the Grants team on info@newtonfellowships.org or visit our contact us page. Case study: Dr Anand Prakash Maurya Case study: Dr Elsa Zacco Case study: Dr Victoria McCoy
4591	dbpedia	2	5	https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2021/royal-society-honours-edinburgh-academics	en	Royal Society honours Edinburgh academics	https://www.ed.ac.uk/sit…pg?itok=RjK-b5Sn	https://www.ed.ac.uk/sit…pg?itok=RjK-b5Sn	[ "https://www.ed.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/uoe/assets/logo.png", "https://www.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/banner_breakpoints_theme_uoe_mobile_1x/public/banner/banner-news.jpg?itok=U3uz1G9b&timestamp=1459171811", "https://www.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_breakpoints_theme_uoe_mobile_1x/public/thumbnails/image/rse_external_building_credit_ryan_johnston_0.jpg?itok=cMnahK95", "https://www.ed.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/uoe/assets/footer-affiliations.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2021-03-31T00:00:00	The Royal Society of Edinburgh has made 19 University of Edinburgh academics fellows of the prestigious organisation.	en	https://www.ed.ac.uk/sit…x32.png?t=shw8z1	The University of Edinburgh	https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2021/royal-society-honours-edinburgh-academics	The Royal Society of Edinburgh has made 19 University of Edinburgh academics fellows of the prestigious organisation. The new fellows will join the Royal Society of Edinburgh’s (RSE) current roll of around 1,600 leading thinkers and practitioners from Scotland and beyond, whose work has a significant impact on the nation. Positive impact The 2021 cohort includes many academics who the RSE deemed to have made a positive impact during the global Covid-19 pandemic – either as a result of their academic research, through their contribution to arts or for the role they have played in communicating complex information with the public. Those elected to the Fellowship undergo a rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and the contribution they and their work make to wider society. The list includes many leading academics including Professor Peter Mathieson, the University’s Principal and Vice Chancellor, Professor Devi Sridhar, Chair of Global Public Health and Professor Lesley McAra, Director of the Edinburgh Futures Institute. I would like most heartily to congratulate all of our newly elected RSE Fellows. Fellowship is a mark of exceptional personal achievement. The extraordinary diversity of expertise of our new fellows nicely reflects the broad contribution that the University makes to Scotland and beyond. I am certain that the new fellows will continue to make sterling contributions across the board, strengthening the RSE’s capacity to advance excellence across all areas. Well done indeed. Professor Jonathan Seckl, FMedSci, FRSEMoncrieff Arnott Professor of Molecular Medicine and Senior Vice-Principal It is a great honour to have been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. The Society has a long and esteemed history, but I’m particularly supportive of their recent work in raising the profile of women scientists. Scientists have played a vital role in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic and it is scientific advances which will ultimately provide the path out of the pandemic. Professor Devi SridharChair of Global Public Health and Director of Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh As Scotland’s national academy we recognise excellence across a diverse range of expertise and experience, and its effect on Scottish society. This impact is particularly clear this year in the latest cohort of new Fellows which includes scientists who are pioneering the way we approach the coronavirus; those from the arts who have provided the rich cultural experience we have all been missing, and some who have demonstrated strong leadership in guiding their organisations and communities through this extraordinary time. Through uniting these great minds from different walks of life, we can discover creative solutions to some of the most complex issues that Scotland faces. A warm welcome is extended to all of our new Fellows. Professor Dame Anne GloverPresident of The Royal Society of Edinburgh Elected Fellows The full list of the academics announced as RSE Fellows is as follows: Professor Helen Bond – Chair of Christian Origins and Head of the School of Divinity Professor Holly Branigan – Professor of Psychology of Language and Cognition Professor Michael Eddleston – Professor of Clinical Toxicology Professor Andrew Horne – University of Edinburgh, Professor of Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences Professor Alison Hulme – Professor of Synthesis and Chemical Biology Professor Alvin Jackson HonMRIA – Richard Lodge Professor of History Professor Aggelos Kiayias – Chair in Cyber Security and Privacy Professor Lesley McAra CBE – Chair of Penology, Assistant Principal Community Relations, Director of the Edinburgh Futures Institute Professor Nicola McEwen – Professor of Territorial Politics and Co-Director, Centre on Constitutional Change Professor Andrew McIntosh – Professor of Biological Psychiatry and Head of Division of Psychiatry Professor Ross McLure – University of Edinburgh, Professor of Extragalactic Astrophysics Professor Peter Mathieson FMedSci – Principal, University of Edinburgh Professor Richard Mellanby – Professor of Comparative Medicine Professor Alexander Murphy – Chair of Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics Professor E. Elizabeth Patton – MRC Human Genetics Unit, Professor, Personal Chair of Chemical Genetics, MRC Investigator Professor Eleanor Riley FMedSci – Professor of Immunology and Infectious Disease Professor Devi Sridhar – University of Edinburgh, Chair in Global Public Health and Director, Global Health Governance Programme Professor Christopher Williams – University of Edinburgh, Chair of Machine Learning Professor James F Wilson – University of Edinburgh, Personal Chair in Human Genetics Related links
4591	dbpedia	0	61	http://teenlibrarian.co.uk/2017/03/	en	Teen Librarian	https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg	https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg	[ "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/dontfearthereader22.png?w=625", "http://teenlibrarian.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/wp-1490250286561.jpg", "http://teenlibrarian.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-hate-u-give.jpg", "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/fEmiaT-QTQc/hqdefault.jpg", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/c6ovkhlwcaaoik3.jpg?w=625", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/for-women-if-unable-to-say-no.png", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/for-women-equal-pay.png", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/for-women-attacked-by-feminism.png", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/for-women-in-a-row-with-slogans.png?w=625", "http://teenlibrarian.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Claire-McFall-011.jpg", "http://teenlibrarian.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/black-cairn-point.jpg", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/roanoke-girls-jkt-image.jpg?w=195", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/amy-engel-c2a9-trish-brown-photography.jpg?w=200", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/roanoke-girls-blog-tour-poster.png", "http://teenlibrarian.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/give-up-ignorance-for-lent.png", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/pody-in-the-library.png", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/dilon.png", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/wndb.png", "https://teenlibrarianblog.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/cropped-latinx-in-kid-lit-banner.jpg", "https://teenlibrarianmonthly.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/cropped-tlm-masthead2.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Matt Imrie" ]	null		en		Teen Librarian	http://teenlibrarian.co.uk/2017/03/	Hi Michael, welcome to TeenLibrarian. Thank you for giving up your time to answer a few questions about The White Hare. Before we begin would you please introduce yourself to the audience? I am a publishing director at Bloomsbury, where I have authors like Peter Frankopan (whose book The Silk Roads was on the bestseller lists for thirty-one weeks last year, William Dalrymple, Frank Dikotter, Adam Sisman, John Simpson, Anna Pavord and many others. Lots of biography, history, memoir. I live in south London, and have a family that includes three now rather tall sons. I think that I am right in saying that The White Hare is your first novel for young readers? It is. I’ve written two other, adult novels; Smashing People and Sacrifices. What inspired you to begin writing for a teen audience? About fourteen years ago I went with a New Zealand friend to see the film ‘Whale Rider’, where a young girl has to win the trust of her grandfather by proving herself the natural leader of their tribe; she forms a bond with a whale and is ridden out to sea, and indeed under the sea. It made me want to write something that combined human relationships with a magicality that perhaps transcends and heals the fractures in the real world. I think Robbie’s encounter with Mags’s world helps him reconcile himself to the world he finds himself in, and ultimately to forgiveness towards his father. What feeling did you have when you saw the first finished copy of The White Hare? As a book comes together you see all sorts of aspects of it; cover ideas, proofs, book proofs, bits of flap copy, the look of the pages, and you know the text back to front from working on it so long. So in a way there’s no surprise when you see the final thing; but it is just amazing anyway, especially when your publisher has taken such care and paid such attention as Zephyr has. And detail such as the light blue silk ribbon and the way in which they have used the cover on the pages within the book, which I didn’t know about, were a source of lovely surprise and delight. What is the most satisfying part of the writing process for you? To be honest, it’s simply the writing; making something up on the pages, especially when you have an idea you are confident with and are just working it through. I write in ink in a rather lovely library, so there’s a very pleasurable feeling of seclusion and communing with one’s own thoughts and ideas; I’m always rather astonished that I have any. TWH is also the first novel published under the Zephyr imprint – do you feel any pressure being their headline author? I’m very proud to be their launch title, and I so hope it works for them (and me). They’ve done a terrific job, and I feel just the ordinary anxiety about what’s going to happen to my poor little brainchild, whom I hope many will love as I do. Is any part of the story based on personal experiences? That’s tricky. Lots of little bits and pieces along the way. Generally, I grew up in south London, as did Robbie, and we’ve been going down to a cottage between Arthur’s Seat on the Stourhead estate and Cadbury Castly, King Arthur’s castle, as Mags tells Robbie for twenty-five years, which I always felt was a deeply magical place (the cottage overlooks the Somerset Levels, which feature in the book). Do you ever read the works of other Teen/MG authors? If yes what can you recommend? Apart from Rowling and Patrick Ness, I drew upon my own favourites: Alan Garner, John Masefield and Barry Hines’s A Kestrel for a Knave (a friend of mine spotted a bit of Jez Butterworth in there, too). How would you describe The White Hare to pique the interest of a potential reader? That’s a hard question and something I am still working on! To any readers out there I would say that The White Hare is, at its core, a coming-of-age story. I would love the reader to join me on Robbie and Mags’ journey as they learn about what it means to love in a world where this is the bravest thing a person can do. And if you enjoy my story as I tell it, then I have succeeded in all I set out to do. Do you ever visit reading groups in schools and libraries? If yes what is the best way to get hold of you? Not so far, but very happy to do so. You can get in touch with the Publicity Director at Head of Zeus, Suzanne Sangster. London, 13th March 2017: Sophia Bennett triumphed over fellow competing authors to win the Romantic Novelists’ Association’s highest accolade, The Goldsboro Books Romantic Novel of the Year, with Love Song, published by Chicken House. This is only the second time in the award’s 57 year history that the RNA’s most prestigious prize has been awarded to a Young Adult title, reflecting the increasing popularity of this sub-genre. Prue Leith presented Sophia with her trophies and a cheque for £5,000 at a star-studded event, compèred by author and broadcaster Jane Wenham-Jones. Sophia Bennett was the winner of the Young Adult Novel of the Year category. Her book then went forward, along with those of the six other category winners – Contemporary, Epic, Historical Romantic Novel, Paranormal or Speculative Romantic Novel, Romantic Comedy and RoNA Rose – to contest the Romantic Novelists’ Association’s (RNA) most coveted award, the Goldsboro Books Romantic Novel of the Year. For the first time in the awards’ history the shortlist included both traditionally and independently published authors. It was a double first for novelist Kate Johnson, who was named winner of the first Paranormal or Speculative Romantic Novel Award for Max Seventeen, and was also the first self-published author in the award’s 57 year history to win one of the prestigious RoNAs. A panel of independent judges read the seven category winners’ novels before meeting to debate the finer points of each book. The panel included Matt Bates, Fiction Buyer for WHSmith Travel; journalist and novelist Fanny Blake; Ron Johns, bookseller and publisher; and Caroline Sanderson, Royal Literary Fund Fellow at the University of Worcester and Associate Editor for The Bookseller. Romantic Novel of the Year Category Winners Prior to announcing the overall award winner, Prue Leith revealed the winners of the individual categories and presented them with star-shaped crystal trophies. The winners were: Debbie Johnson, Summer at the Comfort Food Café, HarperImpulse Winner Contemporary Romantic Novel of the Year (for mainstream romantic novels set post-1960) Janet Gover, Little Girl Lost, Choc Lit Winner Epic Romantic Novel of the Year (for novels containing serious issues or themes, including gritty, multi-generational stories) Kate Kerrigan, It Was Only Ever You, Head of Zeus Winner Historical Romantic Novel of the Year (for novels set in a period before 1960) Kate Johnson, Max Seventeen, independently published Winner Paranormal or Speculative Romantic Novel (for novels that include elements beyond the range of scientific explanation, whether paranormal, fantasy, science fiction, time slip or worlds that include ghosts, vampires or creatures of legend.) Penny Parkes, Out of Practice, Simon & Schuster Winner Romantic Comedy Romantic Novel of the Year (for consistently humorous or amusing novels) Scarlet Wilson, Christmas in the Boss’s Castle, Mills & Boon Cherish Winner RoNA Rose Award (for category/series and shorter romance) Sophia Bennett, Love Song, Chicken House Winner Young Adult Romantic Novel of the Year (featuring protagonists who are teenagers or young adults) Sophia Bennett’s Love Song was a unanimous choice among the judges, who were impressed by the strength and authenticity of the main character’s voice. They felt the book was well-written with plenty of detail, and great sensitivity in some of the scenes. The judges commented “Love Song is an intelligent and thoughtful read which handles the all-consuming emotion of a first crush rather beautifully.” Eileen Ramsay, Chairman of the RNA, said, “”This is the second year that a Young Adult novel has won the overall award, demonstrating the growing appeal of YA fiction. This wonderful story celebrates the sensitive treatment of first love. Huge congratulations to a very deserving winner!” David Headley, Managing Director of Goldsboro Books, commented, “The diversity of this year’s winners, including for the first time, a self-published author, confirms romantic fiction as an exciting and still innovative genre, which continues to delight readers.” Outstanding Achievement Awards Barbara Erskine is the author of thirteen bestselling novels and three collections of short stories that demonstrate her interest in both history and the supernatural. It is thirty years since the publication of her first novel, Lady of Hay, which has been in continuous publication since 1986 and sold over three million copies worldwide. Adele Parks has sold over three million UK edition copies of her novels and her books have been translated into over 26 languages. Every one of her 15 novels has been a bestseller in the UK. Both Barbara and Adele were presented with outstanding achievement awards for their continued championing of the RNA and romantic fiction. Every now and then a book will come out of nowhere and hit you so hard that you don’t know whether you are coming or going! For me The Hate U Give is that book! It had me openly weeping on a train by page 26. It stoked anger within me – against the systems that keep people down, that normalise the murder of children at the same time as denying them fair and equal choices, freedoms and education. I am a child (and adult) of privilege; growing up white and male insulated me from what most of the world experiences. Having a conscience and sense of social justice I naturally gravitate left and believe that the inequalities of the world have to be fought and the systemic racism and patriarchialism of the world as it is need to be challenged and dismantled. What I do not have are the experiences of those that are not white and male. The Hate U Give has been my first experience of seeing the world through the eyes of a person that lives in a world that judges her and her friends and family by the colour of her skin and gender. It has been said that writing is a political act, and it cannot be more true with The Hate U Give, reading this novel is activism. But it is more than that, to merely describe it as a political novel or an ‘issues book’ would be to diminish it. This is a story about life, love, family, community and loss. For people who daily experience the acts contained within its pages, this book is a mirror showing themselves and their lives; for communities disconnected from these experiences it can act as bridge to understanding and building empathy. To Angie Thomas I say want to say thank you! With this book you have strengthened my resolve to fight for and with my friends and colleagues for a better world. To everyone else I say – read this book! If you know people that say things like “All lives matter!” in the face of the Black Lives Matter movement and the institutionalised oppression and murder of those whose skin colour does not resemble their own, or they believe that we live, love, work and play on a level playing field then buy then a copy. While you are doing that, buy yourself a copy, The Hate U Give is a book for everyone. Thug Life: TuPac Shakur: CILIP, the library and information association, has announced plans to include an independently chaired review of the CILIP Carnegie and Kate Greenaway Medals as part of the organisation’s wider Equality and Diversity Action Plan. CILIP is due to publish its Equality and Diversity Action Plan, led by the CILIP Ethics Committee and the Board of Trustees, in the summer of 2017. The Plan is as a result of on-going work, following previously published research commissioned in 2015 by CILIP and the Archives and Records Association, which outlined diversity issues in the library, archives, records, information management and knowledge management sector, including a gender split in the workforce of 78.1% female to 21.9% male (UK workforce 50.1% female and 49.9% male) and 96.7% of the workforce identify as ‘white’ (UK workforce 87.5% identify as ‘white’). CILIP’s Action Plan will identify steps in both the short and long-term to improve and champion equality and diversity within CILIP, its governance, membership and the wider library and information sector. It will now include details of the review process for the Medals. Nick Poole, CILIP Chief Executive, said: We are committed to championing diversity, equality and inclusion through all of CILIP’s activities, from the Carnegie and Kate Greenaway Medals to the wider library and information sector, while also confronting and challenging structures of inequality. We know there are long-standing and embedded challenges and we see this as a tremendous opportunity to promote positive change for ourselves and the sector. For this reason, we are announcing the publication of our Equality and Diversity Action Plan and an independently chaired review into the CILIP Carnegie and Kate Greenaway Medals. The decision to hold an independently chaired review of the CILIP Carnegie and Kate Greenaway Medals was taken by CILIP and the Working Party who plan and develop the Medals, following concerns raised about the lack of BAME representation on the 2017 Carnegie Medal longlist announced in February. The review will inform the annual evaluation process and long-term planning around the Medals and accompanying shadowing scheme. The review process – which will provide recommendations about how diversity, equality and inclusion can best be championed and embedded into its work – will be open, transparent and accountable and will proactively seek views and contributions from the widest possible range of stakeholders. The review will begin following the announcement of the 2017 winners in June and follow the 2018 prize cycle. Tricia Adams, Chair of the Youth Libraries Group National Committee and Chair of the CILIP Carnegie and Kate Greenaway Awards judging panel, commented: We are completely committed, as Medals judges and librarians, to championing diversity, equality and inclusion and challenging issues of structural inequality in a positive and constructive way. The shortlist for the 2017 CILIP Carnegie & Kate Greenaway Medals will be announced on Thursday 16 March 2017. The winners of the Medals, and the Amnesty CILIP Honour (which commends human rights in children’s literature), will be announced on 19 June 2017. Borders-based author Claire McFall has been named the winner of the very first Scottish Teenage Book Prize. Claire’s third novel, Black Cairn Point, garnered votes from young people (aged 12 – 16) across the country to beat off stiff competition from Keith Gray’s The Last Soldier and Joan Lennon’s Silver Skin. Claire will receive £3,000 whilst Keith and Joan will receive £500 each. The prize, has been set up to celebrate the most popular teen books by Scottish authors, and is run by Scottish Book Trust with support from Creative Scotland. Call Scotland produced free accessible versions of the three shortlisted books on their Books for All website. Black Cairn Point, published by Hot Key Books, is a chilling and atmospheric thriller which explores what happens when an ancient malevolent spirit is reawakened and is set in Dumfries and Galloway. Claire’s win comes hot on the heels of her signing a film contract for her first novel Ferryman in China, where her debut novel has sold almost a million copies. Claire received news of her Scottish Teenage Book Prize win from vlogger Claire Forrester aka The Book Fox at The Edinburgh Book Shop in Bruntsfield and the announcement video is available on the Scottish Book Trust’s website. She said; “I’m over the moon that Black Cairn Point has been voted the winner of the first Scottish Teenage Book Prize. It’s a brilliant award that encourages young people around Scotland to read books about and from their country and their culture. But it also encourages them to get involved by taking part in the competitions for readers that run alongside. Silver Skin and The Last Soldier are both terrific books, so to know that readers chose my novel is an enormous compliment. This is why I write.” Claire is a writer and English teacher who lives in Clovenfords in the Scottish Borders. Her first book, Ferryman is a love story which retells the ancient Greek myth of Charon, the ferryman of Hades who transported souls to the underworld. The novel won the Older Readers Category of the Scottish Children’s Book Awards 2013; was long-listed for the UKLA (UK Literary Association) Book Awards and long-listed for the Branford Boase Award; and nominated for the Carnegie Medal. The sequel to the Ferryman is due to be released in September. Her second novel, Bombmaker, was released in 2014 and considers ideas of identity in a dystopian devolved United Kingdom. Black Cairn Point was released in August 2015. Heather Collins, Schools Programme Manager at Scottish Book Trust, said; “Congratulations to Claire McFall on winning the inaugural Scottish Teenage Book prize which encourages teens themselves to actively celebrate the books they love and attracted votes from secondary school pupils across Scotland. “The prize also creates a platform for Scottish writing talent to be recognized and promoted. Claire’s novel is a great example of Scotland’s vibrant teenage book industry where there are lots of great publishers working with very talented authors like Claire, Keith and Joan and this new prize has allowed us to shine a light on this fantastic offering. “The benefits of encouraging young people to read, from transporting readers to other worlds to better understanding the one we’re in, are limitless. Scottish Book Trust is proud to be working with Creative Scotland to champion that cause.” Sasha de Buyl, Literature Officer at Creative Scotland, said; “Congratulations to Claire McFall on winning the first ever Scottish Teenage Book Prize. There can only be one first winner, but Claire’s accomplishment will see the celebration of a new standard of excellence in young adult fiction. The first book that moves you as a teenager can completely shape your world view, helping you develop into the person you will become. Ensuring that Scottish writing has a place in this stage of young people’s reading lives is fantastic and Creative Scotland is delighted to support it.” Aspiring young film makers were also asked to get involved with The Scottish Teenage Book Prize 2017 by creating their own book trailer for one of the shortlisted titles or entering a graphic novel to create a comic strip adaption of a scene from one of the books. Scottish Book Trust provides extensive learning resources for teachers and librarians on how to create book trailers and how to make the most of using comics in the classroom. St Joseph’s Academy in Kilmarnock is the winner of the Book Trailer Competition. Their trailer will be featured on Scottish Book Trust website and they will receive a £250 Waterstones voucher to help top up their school library. The winners of the Graphic Novel Competition, who will each receive Waterstones vouchers, are: • 1st place – Nicole Watt, Elgin Academy • 2nd place – Jaden Green, Forfar Academy • 3rd place – Morven Ross, Elgin Academy The winning entries will be featured on Scottish Book Trust website, with interviews with the pupils and teachers involved with the competition to follow on the website’s blog in the coming weeks. Hi Amy, welcome to Teen Librarian, now at the moment you are best-known for the YA Book of Ivy series but (strangely for a Teen Library blog) we are not going to be discussing those today, rather we are going to focus on your first novel for adults: The Roanoke Girls. The proof of which I must say was the darkest and one of the most twistedly brilliant books that I read last year. But before we get into the book would you like to introduce yourself to the audience? Well, as you said, I’m the author of The Book of Ivy YA series and The Roanoke Girls is my first novel for adults. I am a former criminal defense attorney and now work as a full-time writer. I live in Missouri with my husband and two teenage children. Please correct me if I am wrong, but to my mind at its heart The Roanoke Girls is about being a woman and what women face now and throughout history – objectification, having to pander to the needs and desires of others, hatred, abandonment, being replaced and murder! Yes to all of that! I’ve always been interested in the ways in which women are viewed by society and also by the sometimes fraught relationships women have with one another. I’m fascinated by how women often turn on one another, rather than on the person who has wronged them. And on the flip side of that, the ways in which women are valued, or devalued, by society is of tremendous interest to me as a writer. Women are so often viewed as a commodity, valued for their beauty and their ability to act a certain way. The blaming of female victims, both blatantly and subtly, for their own abuse is also something I wanted to tackle. The Roanoke Girls made me think of two quintessential American art-works American Gothic by Grant Wood and Christina’s World by Andrew Wyeth in my mind I identified Allegra quite strongly with both the women portrayed in the paintings. Similarly Roanoke reminded me of Manderley from Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca and the themes made me recall the discovery of Flowers in the Attic in the Library by a group of students when I was in school – it caused a rush of students reading together and discussing it in hushed tones in the corridor which stopped whenever someone walked past. What were your inspirations for writing The Roanoke Girls? You are spot on with the Rebecca reference. The first line of The Roanoke Girls is actually my own homage to Rebecca. Growing up, I was fascinated by gothic novels and so those have a huge influence on the book. I also took inspiration from Winter’s Bone by Daniel Woodrell. That book evoked such a strong sense of place and I knew I wanted to try and do the same with The Roanoke Girls. My hope was to transport the readers to the world of Roanoke as they were reading. I was also somewhat inspired by my own work as a criminal defense attorney. I think people have a tendency to judge victims by the characteristics of the perpetrator of the crime. So if you have someone who looks like a monster and acts like a monster, then the victim is more likely to be believed. But what about someone who seduces rather than forces? Who charms rather than assaults? Then people are much more likely to blame or disbelieve the victim, I’ve found. And I definitely wanted to explore those feelings and ideas in the book. The interactions between Lane and Allegra seemed very real to me do you have any close cousins or siblings that you based their relationship on? Interestingly enough, I have no siblings and my cousins are much younger than I am and live far away. But because of that void, I always had very strong female friendships growing up. My best friends and I were inseparable and they took the place of siblings for me. I think female friendships, especially as teenagers, can sometimes take on slightly obsessive undertones, so I drew on that for the relationship between Lane and Allegra.  At times The Roanoke Girls made uncomfortable reading – which I suppose is the point, without giving away too many spoilers were there any parts of the story that you found difficult to write? The interludes from the points of view of the past Roanoke girls were probably the most difficult to write from a purely emotional standpoint. You tell the story of Lane, Allegra and the other inhabitants of Roanoke and Osage Flats through Lane unpicking the contemporary mystery of Allegra’s disappearance and flashbacks to the summer that Lane lived at Roanoke – how much planning went into the writing as it all flows so seamlessly? First of all, thank you. You never really know if a past/present narrative is going to work until people begin reading it, so I’m gratified to know it’s being well-received. In answer to your question, not much planning at all. I don’t outline when I write, not even with a dual timeline narrative such as this one. And I didn’t write all of the present day portion and then go back and insert the past. I wrote the book as it’s meant to be read: a “then” section and then a “now” section, etc. I did go back and add in the interludes from the other Roanoke girls after the first draft was finished. For some reason, it wasn’t difficult for me to keep it all straight in my head as I was unspooling it. More proof, I think, that sometimes writing is a kind of magic. The online response to The Roanoke Girls has been phenomenal – did you expect this when you first started writing it? Ummm…no? I mean, at the time I was writing it, the first Ivy book had been published, but I knew I’d need a new publisher for this book because it was adult. So I didn’t even know if it would ever see the light of day. I hoped, of course, that it would be published and people would like it, but I knew it was dark and would be too disturbing for some readers. So the reaction thus far has been amazing and I’m so, so grateful. If you had to describe the novel in six words or less to entice a potential reader what would you say? Oh, I’m such crap at this sort of thing, but I’ll give it at try! How about: Dark, disturbing, character-driven psychological suspense. Thank you for taking the time to answer these questions!
4591	dbpedia	2	78	https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society	en	Fellow of the Royal Society	https://wikiwandv2-19431…s/icon-32x32.png	https://wikiwandv2-19431…s/icon-32x32.png	[ "https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg/640px-Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg&w=640&q=50", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_The_Royal_Society.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg/640px-Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton%2C_1689.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Fellowship of the Royal Society is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".	en	https://wikiwandv2-19431…icon-180x180.png	Wikiwand	https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society	Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".[1] Fellowship of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to many eminent scientists throughout history, including Isaac Newton (1672),[2] Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816),[2] Michael Faraday (1824),[2] Charles Darwin (1839),[2] Ernest Rutherford (1903),[3] Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918),[4] Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920),[5] Albert Einstein (1921),[6] Paul Dirac (1930), Winston Churchill (1941), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944),[7] Prasanta Chandra Mahalabobis (1945),[8] Dorothy Hodgkin (1947),[9] Alan Turing (1951),[10] Lise Meitner (1955),[11] Satyendra Nath Bose (1958),[12] and Francis Crick (1959).[13][14] More recently, fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking (1974), David Attenborough (1983), Tim Hunt (1991), Elizabeth Blackburn (1992), Raghunath Mashelkar (1998), Tim Berners-Lee (2001), Venki Ramakrishnan (2003), Atta-ur-Rahman (2006),[15] Andre Geim (2007),[16] James Dyson (2015), Ajay Kumar Sood (2015), Subhash Khot (2017), Elon Musk (2018),[17] Elaine Fuchs (2019) and around 8,000 others in total,[2] including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900. As of October 2018, there are approximately 1,689 living Fellows, Foreign and Honorary Members, of whom 85 are Nobel Laureates.[18]
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"https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/alumni/website-images-2020/obituaries/DrJPBYRNE.jpg", "https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/alumni/website-images-2020/obituaries/McraeHeather(2018)-400x425.jpg", "https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/alumni/images/Wits_AlumniRelationsLOGO_2015.gif", "https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/alumni/images-2018/Donate-now-button.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	/media/wits-university-style-assets/images/favicon.ico		null	In Memoriam 2023 Alfred William Stadler (1937-2023) Former professor and chair of the Department of Political Studies at Wits, Alfred William Stadler, "Alf" (BA 1960, BA Hons 1962, PhD 1971), died on 29 December 2023 at the age of 86. Alf was a public intellectual, providing analysis and commentary on election results and political events; he acted as an expert witness for the defence of his students who were charged with “terrorism” by the apartheid regime; and, for a time, he chaired the Institute for the Advancement of Journalism. Alf was born in Durban in 1937, the son of a former dairy farmer, who worked for the South African railways and who died when Alf was 10. The family relocated to Johannesburg; Alf recalled the train ride to the Reef as deeply depressing: the cold, dry and treeless khaki veld of the Rand were a stark contrast to the sub-tropical forests and rolling cane fields of Natal. In Johannesburg, Stadler’s mother washed and ironed clothes in exchange for backyard accommodation. As a student at Highlands North Boys High, Alf's academic performance was mediocre. His principal suggested that he take up a less intellectually demanding trade of some kind. But he had long nurtured a keen interest in English literature. As a youngster he checked out books such as James Joyce’s Ulysses from the local library, much to the librarian’s chagrin. When he left school he studied metallurgy, but he dropped out after a short stint at a steel foundry where dodging projectile lumps of iron ore were not infrequent hazards. He then enrolled in a BA and studied English and Politics. Politically conscientised, he joined the Communist Party, joking wryly about his failed attempts to mobilise residents of Alexandra Township and avoid arrest. At the time, the Political Studies Department was managed by Godfrey “Copper” LeMay, and Alf was one of a few PhD students. LeMay held supervisory sessions at the Wits cricket nets to practice Alf’s batting, and hosted “seminars” at the Devonshire Hotel bar in Braamfontein. Following LeMay’s retirement in 1966, Alf was appointed acting head of the department but was only granted full professorship and the chair in 1981. By the early 1980s, he had transformed the department. During his tenure, Alf purposefully appointed young intellectuals with wide ranging interests and potential. Committed to mentoring early career academics, he granted junior staff time off from lecturing so they could pursue their research and publish. When he joined the department in the early 1980s, Prof Tom Lodge described the atmosphere as a “considerate and hospitable setting for an apprentice lecturer”. In his inaugural lecture at Wits, Alf stated: “I want to raise questions about how people without power, wealth or even votes act politically, and try to estimate the effects they produce on political structures”. His research and writing focused on historical uprisings and mini revolts in South Africa, such as the bus boycotts and squatter movements on the Reef. “Birds in the cornfield: Squatter Movements in Johannesburg, 1944-1947" is still listed as essential reading on the Abahlali baseMjondolo, the socialist shack dwellers movement of South Africa’s, website. His book, the Political Economy of Modern South Africa (Routledge 1987 and 2022) was favourably reviewed and is still frequently cited. Much to Alf's delight the book was recently republished. The reconfiguration of what defined political studies at Wits led to the introduction of new curricula, notably an honours level course taught by Alf and Prof Lodge called “Direct Action and Popular Protest” that explored the political agency of people who lacked resources. In recognition of his talent for leadership, Alf was also appointed caretaker head of the Department of Music; he proudly showed off his new office that was outfitted with a baby grand piano and a music system. At home, his family remember that he was constantly busy: an accomplished carpenter he built bookshelves, constructed dry walling, and fitted out the family kitchen all from scratch; he was a great cook — no meal was complete without recitations from Robert Carrier, Elizabeth David and Larousse Gastronomique, inspiring future feasts; he loved opera, was an avid reader, and refused to own a television set. He leaves his wife, Jenny, his daughters Josie and Cathy, his son Jonathan (BA 1989, BA Hons 1990, MA 1995), his sister Francis, and his seven grandchildren. Source: Jonathan Stadler Mark Finkelstein (1966-2023) Mark Finkelstein (BCom 1987, LLB 1989) a lawyer, admired for his teaching of martial arts and voluntary efforts, died of cancer on 27 December 2023 in Johannesburg. His death came a few weeks before what would have been his 58th birthday. He was first diagnosed with cancer four years ago, and despite pain, continued to work and maintained his good humour. Finkelstein was born and grew up in Johannesburg. He matriculated at Highlands North Boys High School, and then went on to study at Wits. As estate agents, his parents often found new homes and moved with Finkelstein, his older brother Oscar and sisters, Lani and Aviva. Finkelstein said he was a lawyer by profession, but his passion was teaching Krav Maga, Hebrew for close combat, an Israeli developed self-defence system. For more than 20 years he volunteered for the Community Security Organisation, which protects Jewish institutions and events. One of the greatest influences on Finkelstein’s life was the late Mickey Davidow, a Judo sensei. Finkelstein represented Transvaal and won several national titles in Judo. In a tribute to Davidow, who passed away two years ago, Finkelstein wrote that in his own martial arts instruction, he followed his sensei’s “kind and calm encouragement of students, while being specific in any criticism.” His teaching went beyond martial arts and he lectured on how “The Art of War” written by Sun Tzu, the ancient Chinese general, could be used as a tool for fighting addiction, in thinking about business, and daily life. He had begun to write a book on “The Art of War” and fighting addiction. Finkelstein also spoke to groups about his fight against cancer. Finkelstein had a hectic schedule, but found time to give of himself. He regularly visited the elderly parents of friends who had emigrated. He paid attention to his children in teaching them, exercising with them, and taking up their interests. He frequently took the family for hikes in nature reserves, and on holiday at his favourite places in Mozambique. He leaves his wife Cheryl and five children. Sources: Finkelstein family and SA Jewish Report Conrad Mueller (1949-2023) Professor Conrad Steven Mueller (BSc 1975, BSc Hons 1976, PhD 1989) a pioneer of computer science at Wits and in South Africa died on 23 November 2023. He was born in Johannesburg in 1949 and matriculated at King Edward VII High School. After completing his honours degree, he spent a short time in industry, and completing his master’s degree at Rand Afrikaans University (now the University of Johannesburg), he returned to Wits in 1981 in response to a call to help a new division as it was emerging into an independent Department of Computer Science. He spent the next 33 years at Wits, rising through the ranks to associate professor. He served as Chair of the Governing Committee and then Head of School for about 10 years. Prof Mueller quickly proved himself to be an extremely dedicated teacher in a tough environment. Wits, as an established research university, considered Computer Science to be an upstart new discipline, particularly as few members of staff had PhDs in the early days. Prof Mueller’s great strength was the time and interest that he put into the people around him. As a teacher he is fondly remembered for the one-on-one work that he did with students. In the 1980s and 1990s it was common to find a queue of students outside his office getting help. He would spend hours with students helping them debug terrible code, and more importantly teaching them and fostering independent thinking. Prof Mueller mentored young members of staff, advising them on teaching strategies and how to deal with various teaching and administrative problems. He could always be relied on to read drafts of research papers critically and constructively and was happy to listen to research problems and talk through possible solutions even for projects outside of his area of expertise. He was always prepared to take on administrative tasks, large and small, and sheltered the younger members of staff from that work. This nurturing mentorship launched several academics into their own successful careers. He had to be tough to protect and help build computer science as a discipline. Yet in the end, the new department met with some great successes, particularly students who went on to become industry leaders. He was an old-fashioned scholar – he read widely and deeply and had an open sense of enquiry. He taught a wide range of computer science courses from first year to honours. He made important contributions to computer science education research. His research passion was computer architecture – he recognised early the limitations of the von Neumann architecture and proposed alternative models and programming styles. He completed his PhD in the late 1980s under Judith Bishop – Towards removing sequential ordering in programs and continued work on this theme for the rest of his life. As a son of German and Swiss immigrants who had seen the rise of fascism in Europe, Prof Mueller was brought up to oppose apartheid. He was a member of Mervyn Shear’s “Peacekeepers”, a group of academics who in the 1980s would put themselves between the police and students to restrain police violence, and active in the anti-apartheid Union of Democratic University Staff Associations. After he reached mandatory retirement age, he taught at Tshwane University of Technology and continued to supervise postgraduate students at the University of South Africa. He was also elected to the Wits Executive Committee of Convocation and was one of the Convocation members of the University Council. He gave great service to the University and could be relied upon to take on unglamorous jobs. He showed commitment and personal courage during the Fees Must Fall protests. Prof Mueller was a great personality and someone who was a good friend as well as a colleague. He was also a pioneer of good coffee. The departmental wine club, Turing Tipplers, held his sense of taste and smell in high regard. He often entertained colleagues at home and would show immense kindness to new members of staff, putting them up and even schlepping them around town. In cases of personal crises, he was always willing to help. His unusual turns of phrase – Conradisms as his staff irreverently called them – can’t be repeated (though they never fell on flat ears). You had to be there to appreciate them. His sense of what was right meant that he sometimes would not compromise. He could not resist the temptation to argue or disagree with positions that he thought were wrong. As a result, he could drive his colleagues to distraction and was the bane of generations of Deans and Vice-Chancellors. But his sincerity and passion left Wits a better place. He is survived by his partner Judy Backhouse (PhD 2009) and sisters Ann-Christine Andersen (BA 1967) and Dr Jane Mueller (MBBCh 1969). Sources: Adapted from The South African Computer Journal by former colleagues Scott Hazelhurst (BSc 1985, BSc Hons 1986, MSc 1988) Bob Baber, Yinong Chen, Philip Machanick (BSc Hons 1981, MSc 1988) and Sarah Rauchas John Steele Chalsty (1933-2023) John Steele Chalsty (BSc 1953, BSc Hons 1954, MSc 1955, DCom honoris causa 2005) business leader, former chairman and chief executive officer of Donaldson Lufkin & Jenrette Inc and founder of the Wits Fund in the US, passed away peacefully at the age of 90 in his home on 12 November 2023. Chalsty was born in 1933 and began his academic journey at Wits, completing honours and master’s degree in chemistry and physics. He is remembered for his sporting prowess as a member of the Wits Rugby First XV. In 1954 the team beat Pretoria University 12-0. After receiving the Stanvac Scholarship in 1955, he travelled to the US to study at Harvard University. In a 2007 interview he said: “I had turned in work at Wits on a PhD in chemistry and thought I could pick it up at Harvard," he recalls. It wasn't so easy, however. "I heard I would have to start all over again. Another four years of chemistry was appalling. I looked around for something to do and discovered the business school. I found I had somehow stumbled into the right career." In 1957, he earned his MBA from Harvard Business School, graduating with high distinction as a Baker Scholar. He worked at Standard Oil of New Jersey (now Exxon) for around 12 years in various roles in the US and Europe. In 1969 he joined Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette (DLJ) as an oil analyst, rising through the ranks to become president and chief executive in 1986 and chairman in 1996. Under his leadership, DLJ transformed into one of America's most successful investment banks. He was widely known for a collegial style that earned the respect and admiration of his employees and peers. Chalsty also served in leadership roles with other prominent institutions, including vice chairman of the New York Stock Exchange, president of the New York Society of Security Analysts, and board member of Occidental Petroleum, Metromedia International Group, Inc, and Sappi Global. In 1992, he met Nelson Mandela, two years after his release from prison. “He had come to the United States trying to enlist people to go to South Africa and watch the polls,” Chalsty said. Mandela was worried about fraud and wanted to ensure the election was administered fairly. “I met him at a luncheon in New York City.” The encounter was brief and mostly at a distance, but it revealed Mandela’s practical side, Chalsty said. “The remarkable thing about this man was that he was undoubtedly one of the most saintly figures I’ve ever seen, but at the same time he was an extremely able politician.” In 1995 he was chairman of the New York Host Committee for the 50th anniversary of the United Nations. A dedicated philanthropist, Chalsty held prominent positions in organisations such as Lincoln Center Theater, American Ballet Theater, New York Philharmonic, Overcoming Obstacles, Teagle Foundation, New York City's Economic Development Corporation, Harvard Business School, Columbia University, and Saint Barnabas Medical Center. When he stepped down as CEO of DLJ his colleagues commemorated his nearly thirty years of distinguished service to the firm by establishing the John S and Jennifer A Chalsty Fellowship at the Harvard Business School. The fellowship is used to support black South African MBA students. He did not forget his beginnings and remained a supporter of South Africa. He helped to establish the University of the Witwatersrand Inc. (the Wits Fund) in the United States, an entity that continues to be of vital importance to the University. The Chalsty name is proudly emblazoned on one of the outstanding meeting spaces on West Campus, associated with the Mandela Institute and the School of Law, because of his pivotal and founding donation to the Institute. Chalsty’s many achievements and generosity were widely recognised, including with honorary doctorates from Wits in 2005 and the Medical University of South Carolina in 2015. He received the Ellis Island Foundation's Medal of Honor. He was also honoured by the Citizens Committee for New York City and by the President's Medal for Excellence awarded by Boston College to individuals who have distinguished themselves through personal of professional achievements which exemplify the ideal proclaimed in the University's motto, “Ever to Excel”. He had “an imposing physical presence”, was described as “incredibly generous, humble and unpretentious,” with a “dry wit”. He is survived by his wife Jill Siegal Chalsty; his daughters Susan Neely and her husband John Neely, and Deborah Chalsty; his grandchildren John Harrison Neely and his wife Jacqueline Neely, Meghan Bowman and her husband Stephen Bowman, and Timothy Neely; and his great-grandchildren Henry and Penelope. Sources: Wits archives, The Post and Courier and Dignity Memorial Thomas Lodge (1951-2023) Respected former Wits academic and lecturer, Professor Tom Lodge, died at the age of 72 on 8 November 2023. He was a dominant figure in charting South Africa’s modern political history, in particular the history of its anti-apartheid liberation movements. At the time of his death he was Professor Emeritus in Peace and Conflict Studies at University of Limerick in Ireland. Born in Manchester, Professor Lodge was the son of Roy and Vera Lodge (née Kotasova). He was schooled in Nigeria, North Borneo (later part of Malaysia) and England, travels dictated by his father’s British Council work, which, according to his brother, Robin, provided an early impetus for his later interest in developing countries heading towards independence. He joined University of York as an undergraduate student in 1971, obtaining his PhD at York in 1985. He first came to South Africa in 1976 as a research fellow of York’s newly opened Centre for Southern African Studies, visiting Soweto in the company of a local Anglican priest. He returned home two days later, he would recall, “to read that Soweto was in flames”. Two years later he was employed as an assistant lecturer in the Wits Politics Department. Professor Lodge closely studied South Africa’s anti-apartheid movements in opposition and then, after 1994, in power. He also followed political developments in post-apartheid South Africa, analysing, among many other things, corruption and election results. His work on the ANC, PAC and other liberation movements, based on rich fieldwork, established him as a key political and social historian. He was a member of the Wits Politics Department for 25 years and published key texts on South African black opposition politics, South African post-apartheid politics, the figure of Nelson Mandela and, most recently, the South African Communist Party. In 2005, he left South Africa and took up the position of professor of peace and conflict studies at the University of Limerick, before becoming dean of arts there in 2012. He retired to Saint Seurin de Prats, near Bordeaux in France, in 2021, but continued to travel to South Africa, where he served on several trusts and commissions. At the time of his death, he was close to finishing a work on Walter Sisulu. In a tribute, colleague Professor Daryl Glaser, described Prof Lodge as “kind, humble, understated and good humoured.” His lecturing style was “unusual” with “little eye contact but lots of fascinating detail delivered in a mellifluous voice.” In the 1980s students flocked to his lectures and he rarely locked his office door. In response to the suggestion that students might help themselves to his impressive book collection, he replied ‘I wish’. He is survived by his wife Carla and their two sons, Kim (BAS 2002, BArch 2005) and Guy (BA 2004, BA 2005). Sources: The Guardian, Prof Daryl Glaser (BA 1982, BA Hons 1983, MA 1989), Wits archives Gladwyn Leiman (1944-2023) Former director of cytopathology at the University of Vermont College of Medicine in Burlington, Professor Gladwyn Leiman (MBBCh 1967) passed away in Vermont, United States, on 1 October 2023. Professor Leiman’s distinguished career began at Wits and after her surgical and medical internships at the Johannesburg General and Baragwanath hospitals, she was appointed medical officer and subsequently an associate professor in the Cytology Unit of the Department of Anatomical Pathology in the School of Pathology of the South African Institute for Medical Research in 1971. Professor Leiman gained international acclaim for, inter alia, her “Project Screen Soweto” programme, which led to a significant reduction in cervical cancers by monitoring cancer precursors and establishing family planning protocols in Soweto. In 1999, the refurbished laboratory at the South African Institute for Medical Research was renamed the Gladwyn Leiman Cytopathology Centre. She was a sought-after speaker among the international obstetrics and pathology communities, travelling and lecturing extensively in the US, Canada, Australia, England, India and the Middle East. She was recruited as the director of cytopathology and as a professor of pathology at the University of Vermont Medical Center in Burlington. Here, her fine needle aspiration skills brought her recognition as an excellent diagnostician, teacher and clinical researcher. At the International Congress of Cytology in Paris, Professor Leiman received the 2012 Maurice Goldblatt Award: “For her lifelong love and dedication to clinical cytology; for her very special relationship to underserved areas of the world and her willingness to bring knowledge and expertise to people deserving improved medical care; for her academic rigour and achievements in publishing and teaching.” She was awarded honorary membership of the Indian Academy of Cytologists and the South African Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In 1996 she was named as a Light Source Personality of Cytopathology by the International Academy of Cytology. On retirement she said: “My future plans are to resurrect my right brain, and re-enter the worlds of literature, music and history, which were my major interests before I deviated to medical school. In particular, I want to reengage in Holocaust studies and genealogy, which have been constant unofficial pursuits throughout my life.” Professor Leiman’s family said she “rarely spoke about her accomplishments” and “was at once highly gregarious and intensely private”. Fellow alumni described her as an exceptionally kind, caring and compassionate person and a loyal friend. She “provided the glue” that held her Wits Medical Class of 1967 together for more than 50 years. She is survived by her two brothers Russell and Darryll and their families. Sources: Cancer Cytopathology and Dr Helen Feiner, née Katzew (MBBCh 1967) Claude Hakim (1942-2023) Dr Claude Hakim (MBBCh 1956) was a distinguished member of a remarkable class. After his internships he spent seven years in London with appointments at Charing Cross and Hammersmith hospitals. Dr Hakim emigrated to Australia, arriving in Sydney in 1979, where he went into private practice in obstetrics and gynaecology. He was French speaking and fluent in five other languages, which he used daily in his practice. He enjoyed travelling with his wife Roslyn and they visited France almost yearly. He was a gourmet and enjoyed fine wines, which he collected. He was truly a “bon vivant”. He attended Athlone Boy’s High, where he was an outstanding rugby player and eventually school captain. An abiding vision, when Roosevelt High played Athlone, was Hakim running 25 yards to score under the posts, with four of the opposing team hanging onto him. Dr Hakim was a skilled surgeon and his patients “thought the world of him”. He will be remembered as a loyal friend, who “was a kind and thoughtful person”. He is survived by his wife Ros and sons Jean-Marc and Daniel. Source: Dr Roger Pillemer (MBBCh 1965) Werner Kirchhoff (1931-2023) A land surveyor of distinction and a pioneer of South African satellite geodesy, Werner Kirchhoff (BSc Eng 1957) died at the age of 92 in August 2023. Werner, born in Germany in 1931, was the son of Peter Kirchhoff and Margarete Bose. Two years later his family left Germany for South Africa, settling in Johannesburg in 1934. During Werner’s time at Pretoria Boys’ High School, he became fascinated with the way the land surveyors at the school measured angle and distance. This led him to study surveying at Wits. Werner was influenced by his father in developing a special interest in astronomy. His early post-graduate surveys established whole degree lines of longitude and latitude in the Zambian (then the Northern Rhodesian) bush from basic astronomical field observations by precision navigation from stars. The USA’s Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory originated the project and Werner became associated with this institution in 1958 as an honorary observer for the International Geophysical Year. In 1959 he was asked to join the observatory staff and to be involved with satellite tracking and later managing the Smithsonian Institution’s precision satellite photographic observation station at Olifantsfontein. He was awarded a medal for his observations. He married Anna-Maria in 1961 and the couple had four children: Peter, Elizabeth, Teresa and Christopher (BSc Eng 1987). Returning to South Africa in 1970, Werner established his own land surveying practice. He saw the application and benefits in the construction industry of laser instruments to achieve greater speed and accuracy in surveying. When the family returned from the US he served for several years as chairman of the Parktown Association. In 1997, following his retirement, he took up new interests in heritage and collecting Africana. In 2014 Werner re-discovered the beacon (dating from 1919) on Oxford Road, about 100 metres south of Glenhove Road. His last few months were spent at an old age home where he peacefully passed away in his sleep. Sources: Kathy Munro (BA 1967), The Heritage Portal Doreen Mantle (1926-2023) Doreen Mantle (BA 1948) died aged 97 in her London home on 9 August 2023. She was best known for her role as Jean Warboys, the annoying friend of Victor Meldrew’s wife, Margaret, in the BBC series “One Foot in the Grave” (1990-2000). She was born in Johannesburg on 22 June 1926 to English parents, Hilda (née Greenberg) and Bernard Mantle, who ran a hotel. The family moved to England, returning to South Africa in 1930, shortly after the birth of her brother, Alan (BSc Eng 1953). Mantle was schooled at Barnato Park for Girls and obtained a BA Social Science degree at Wits in 1948. Her stage career started while performing with the University Players, the Johannesburg Repertory Society, the Munro-Inglis Company and the National Theatre. She was also active in radio in the early 1950s in shows devised by Ian Messiter, who later in the UK, would create BBC Radio 4’s “Just A Minute”. Shortly after graduating, Mantle worked as a social worker in the townships around Johannesburg, witnessing first-hand the social injustice of apartheid. She followed this with work for Legal Aid South Africa. Here she was able to provide support for activists during the growing resistance to the government. In later years she would reflect on these experiences in her one-woman show “My Truth and Reconciliation”. Mantle met Joshua Graham-Smith, a computer engineer, at the theatre and they married in 1952. Aware that she was being investigated by the authorities for her activism and not wanting to bring up children under apartheid, the couple emigrated to the United Kingdom. “I wanted to see new places, to get away from parochial views and to change the world,” Mantle said. In the United Kingdom she established herself as a prominent actress in stage, television and film. She carved a niche in the hearts of the British as the catalyst for surreal plot twists. The series writer of “One Foot in the Grave”, David Renwick, recalled: “No one else could have played Mrs Warboys as she did and the honesty that she brought to every line, however bizarre, was what made the character so funny and legitimised even the maddest of moments. There was never the remotest suggestion that she was playing comedy: in her hands it was all utterly real.” Her fame led to appearances in shows such as a “Weakest Link” sitcom special in 2002. Asked by the host, Anne Robinson, for her most memorable moment, she replied, deadpan, as in the mode of her character: “I was rolled down a hill and mounted by a dog.” The studio audience roared with laughter. She toured Britain and performed at the National Theatre in The Voysey Inheritance. In 1979 she was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a supporting role for her performance in “Death of a Salesman”. A highly intelligent woman of strong opinions, she worked closely with Richard Attenborough at the Actors’ Charitable Trust and latterly campaigned for visually impaired elderly people, of which she was one. She is survived by her sons Quentin and Nicholas and her brother Alan. Sources: Wits archives, The Guardian, Alan Mantle Jani Allan (1951-2023) Isobel Janet Allan (BA FA 1975, PDipEd 1977) better known as Jani Allan, the former columnist, died at the age of 70 on 25 July 2023 at the Chandler Hall Health Services Hospice in Pennsylvania, United States. Voted the “Most Admired Person in South Africa” in 1987, she was a glamorous trendsetter, concert pianist, model, teacher and waitress. Her career nosedived after a 1991 British documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife by Nick Broomfield alleged she had been sexually involved with right-wing leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging Eugene Terre’Blanche. Allan was born in 1951 and adopted as a one-month-old by John Murray Allan and his wife Janet Sophia Allan (née Henning). John was Scottish and came to South Africa for the climate. He was chief sub-editor at The Star newspaper in Johannesburg. He died eight months after the adoption. In her memoir Jani Confidential (Jacana, 2015) Jani described her childhood as “a parade of gymkhanas and piano recitals”. She wrote: “My mother was an antique dealer. She had horreur de vacui – horror of empty spaces. Persian carpets were layered upon each other at our Bryanston home.” At the age of 10, she made her debut with the Johannesburg Symphony Orchestra. A year later, she won the Trinity Cup of South Africa, tying with Greta Beigel, a 21-year-old pianist. Professor Jacob Epstein and Professor Adolph Hallis, celebrated concert pianists, were among her mentors. She initially applied to do a music degree, but enrolled for a degree in fine arts instead at Wits. She said she yearned “to be a hippie and wear tie-dyed clothing and hand-tooled leather sandals”. She prolonged her time at Wits by enrolling for a post-graduate high school teaching diploma. She told WITSReview her favourite lecturer was Robert Hodgins: “Robert used to tell us that painting was ‘a bit like surfing’ in that a good deal of the time is spent bobbing about, waiting for the right wave to come along. He explained that there are paintings that stem from memory and from a sombre look at the human condition. There are paintings about the construction and confusion of contemporary urban life, but there are also paintings about the pleasures about being alive, pleasures that crowd in upon the pessimism everywhere and refused to be ignored … A painting of my life at Wits would be such a painting.” She met her first husband, Gordon Schachat (1982-1984), on campus. Apparently when he saw her walking down the steps at the Great Hall, he decided then and there to marry her. The marriage lasted two years. She also married Dr Peter Kulish (2002-2005). Her partners included Stanley B Katz (BCom 1972) and Mario Oriani-Ambrosini. Her first job was teaching history of art at Greenoaks School. Later she taught art and English at Bryanston High School. She started writing classical music reviews for The Citizen newspaper and moved to the Sunday Times. The editor, Tertius Myburgh, hired her on the strength of her music reviews. Within a week, Leslie Sellers designed the logo for her debut column, “Just Jani”. He dropped T from Janet as it would not fit. Her first column appeared in March 1980. Weeks later, she was in Corfu to interview Roger Moore on the set of the latest James Bond series, For Your Eyes Only. In her decade-long tenure at the newspaper, she became the country’s most famous and influential writer and columnist. Her column later became “Jani Allan’s Week”, detailing her busy social diary. In later years it morphed into a straight interview profile column, “Face to Face”. Of her hometown, Johannesburg, she wrote: “Johannesburg has never been a place for the fastidious or the over-sensitive. It is hideous and detestable, luxury without order, sensual enjoyment without refinement, display without dignity”. And “In South Africa acquisitiveness is not so much a virus as a chronic disease of epidemic proportions. Money is what death was to Keats. A preoccupation.” In a surreal twist of fate, Allan’s last job was as a waitress in a fine-dining restaurant in the small town of Lambertville, in New Jersey. She became a US citizen and lived in “a small ground-floor apartment, against a steel traffic barrier and a parking lot”, according to a 2013 article. She was simply known as “Juliette” – her mother’s childhood nickname – and shared her living space with her beloved Pomeranians, whom she described as “spirit guides in fur coats”. She said in a SABC interview in 1995. “I think that my whole life, looking back at it, I was so rooted in worldly things, in worldly values, fame, fashion and fortune and all the things that are just transient.” Sources: Wits archive, Mail & Guardian, News24 and Gareth Davies David Charles Limerick (1939-2023) Emeritus Professor David Limerick (BA 1960) died at the age of 84 on 13 July 2023 in Brisbane, Australia. He was born in Venterspost, where his father was mine manager, and matriculated at Krugersdorp High School. He completed a BA in psychology in 1960 at Wits and worked at the Institute of Personnel Research designing nonculture-specific IQ tests. He married Brigid Murray (BA 1961, MEd 1972) and moved to Scotland in 1965 to undertake a PhD at Strathclyde on leadership, strategy, structure and culture. Thereafter he returned to Wits and, in 1975, aged 36, was appointed professor and head of Wits Business School. In 1976, he was a visiting scholar at Harvard. In 1978, he emigrated to Australia, accepting a position at the University of Melbourne Business School. Within a year he was recruited by the innovative, new, multi-disciplinary Griffith University in Brisbane, as the foundation professor in organisational behaviour. He established the Graduate School of Management there and retired in 1996. Professor Limerick’s research was published in key academic journals and culminated in his book, with a colleague: “Managing the New Organisation” (1993, 1998, 2002). His visionary views on organisational behaviour made him a highly sought-after management consultant, speaker and visiting professor at universities and organisations across the globe. He was widely recognised as a forward thinker who offered groundbreaking insights on collaborative individualism, punctuated equilibrium, autopoetic models of change and interpretivist grounded models of self, leadership and change. He is survived by his wife Brigid, daughter Tracey, son Michael, and six grandchildren. Source: Professor Jennifer Kromberg (PhDMed 1986) Charles Kimberlin Brain (1931-2023) Dr Charles Kimberlin “Bob” Brain, pioneer in the field of palaeontology, died on 6 June 2023. He had dedicated his life to unravelling the mysteries of our shared human story and his most significant achievement was his work at the Swartkrans Cave in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. Here, he made a series of discoveries that shed light on early hominin behaviour and evolutionary development, including the oldest evidence for the controlled use of fire by hominins, dating to about one million years ago. His influential book, The Hunters or the Hunted? An Introduction to African Cave Taphonomy (University of Chicago Press, 1981) revolutionised the field of palaeoanthropology. In it he developed the study of taphonomy: how organisms decay and fossilise. Dr Brain was born on 7 May 1931 in Harare, Zimbabwe (then Salisbury) and he matriculated from Pretoria Boys’ High School in 1947. After obtained his Bachelor of Science degree and doctorate in zoology and geology from the University of Cape Town, he started his career at the Transvaal Museum (now the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History) in Pretoria, conducting research on rock layers of fossil hominid-bearing cave deposits. His systematic investigation revealed that each deposit had a distinct age and represented a unique climatic condition. Demonstrating his approach, Dr Brain assumed the role of curator in the Department of Lower Vertebrates in 1957, where he published several papers focusing on frogs, snakes and lizards. In 1968 he was promoted to director, a position he held for 23 years until his retirement in 1991. In 1980 he obtained his doctorate, titled “Studies in African cave taphonomy”, from Wits. Wits awarded Dr Brain an honorary doctorate in 1981. He received other honorary degrees from the universities of Cape Town, Natal and Pretoria. His contributions to the field were also recognised with awards such as the Gold Medal of the Zoological Society, the Senior Captain Scott Memorial Medal of the South African Biological Society, the Achievement Award of the Claude Harris Leon Foundation and the John FW Herschel Medal of the Royal Society of South Africa. He is survived by his wife Laura and four children Rosemary, Virginia, Tim and Conrad (PhD 1994). Sources: Wits archive and Genus Barry Dwolatzky (1952-2023) A much-loved Wits alumnus and “Grand Geek” of digital innovation, Emeritus Professor Barry Dwolatzky (BSc Eng 1975) died on 16 May 2023 after a short illness. His relationship with Wits spanned more than 50 years and at the time of his death he was director of innovation strategy in the office of Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Innovation – a position he described as his “dream job”. Even after retiring, he worked alongside Wits University’s deputy vice-chancellor, Professor Lynn Morris (BSc 1981, BSc Hons 1982), to establish the Wits Innovation Centre, which was launched on 17 April 2023. Affectionately referred to as “Prof Barry”, he grew up in the northern suburbs of Johannesburg, living a relatively “insular childhood”. In 1971 he enrolled for an electrical engineering degree at Wits, going on to pursue a master’s degree, which he later converted to a doctorate. In his second year, he joined a student organisation, the South African Voluntary Service, which built schools and clinics in rural parts of southern Africa. The experience changed him profoundly, as he witnessed first-hand the reality of apartheid South Africa – villages filled with malnourished children, run by women and abandoned old men who’d had their lives sucked out in the mines. “I realised for the first time: how much my privilege and their underdevelopment were part of the same coin,” he said at the launch of his memoir Coded History: My Life of New Beginnings in 2022. It was the beginning of a life as a political being, with a strong ethical compass. He left South Africa in 1979 to pursue research at the University of Manchester’s Institute of Science and Technology and at Imperial College in London. He worked as a senior research associate at the GEC-Marconi Centre in the UK, work which entailed software research and development projects. On his return to South Africa in 1989, his impact as senior lecturer was pronounced. He identified the importance of programming and information technology in engineering as well as introducing a software stream, which became distinct from the electrical engineering stream. He was made full professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering in 2000. Prof Barry demonstrated skills as an innovator and strategist and was the major driving force behind the establishment of the Johannesburg Centre for Software Engineering in 2005. In 2013 he spearheaded the Tshimologong Digital Precinct. The centre attracted support from government and a range of local and international companies, including IBM. He was named “South African IT Personality of the Year” in 2013. He became Tshimologong’s first director and was honoured for this visionary project with the Vice-Chancellor’s Award for Academic Citizenship in 2016. He received an award for Distinguished Service to IT from the Institute of IT Professionals of South Africa in 2016. In his acceptance speech Prof Barry said: “One of the things that I try to teach my students is that the hardest thing to manage is a software project, because you will be managing something invisible. This whole industry is invisible, yet it is the underpinning factor in the current fourth industrial revolution...” He loved young people and said: “Young people have the creativity and energy, the drive and the reason to build a new South Africa, a new Africa, and a new world. I believe in the future of our country. This is also the point of a university – to prepare people for the future.” His life had many health challenges – he received a diagnosis of leukaemia in the 1987s and faced its recurrence in 2020. Yet, as a friend, Janet Love (BA 1988, PDM 1994), said, “he was able to do things – rather than dwell on a pile of lamentations”. He was generous with his time, listening attentively with kindness to everyone who crossed his path. Vice-Chancellor Zeblon Vilakazi used the Yiddish word “tzadik” to describe him: a wise, righteous leader respected for his sense of justice and wisdom and whose life’s work was shared among many. He is survived by his wife, Rina King (BSc Eng 1981, PGCE 2008), and his children, Leslie (MA 2022) and Jodie (BA 2019, BA Hons 2020). Sources: Wits archives, view memorial service Winfried Franz Bischoff (1941-2023) Sir Winfried Bischoff (BCom 1962) the former chairman of Lloyds Banking Group, Citigroup and JP Morgan Securities and CEO of Schroders, died after a short illness on 25 April 2023 at the age of 81. Born in Aachen in Germany in 1941, he arrived in South Africa after his father had set up an import/export business in 1955. He graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce degree from Wits in 1962 and went on to attend New York University. Sir Winfried’s father nudged his son into a career in banking on the grounds that he’d “come across many bankers when building his business and none of them seemed to be very good,” Sir Winfried said. He started his career at Chase Manhattan in New York. In 1966 he joined Schroders, which was a small investment bank and asset manager, and stayed for 34 years. At 29, he moved to Hong Kong to start the company’s Hong Kong operations. His first big deal was to help list Li Ka-shing’s property and manufacturing business. He returned to London in 1984 and was named Schroders’ chief executive at the age of 42. “Hong Kong was the making of my career,” he told the Financial Times in 2019. “Among candidates who’d remained in London during the 1970s, there was a sense of negativism. That’s why I think they skipped a generation and chose me.” In the 1980s Schroders’ shares “were among the best-three performing investments” on the London Stock Exchange in the 1980s. Valued at £112m in 1984, Schroders was worth £4.5bn by 2000, when Bischoff took the call to sell its banking business to Citigroup. He was awarded a knighthood in 2000 for his services to banking, and applauded across Wall Street, steering Citi through the early days of the US subprime mortgage crisis, acting as chief executive at the end of 2007 and serving as chair until 2009. In 2009, he returned to the UK as chair of Lloyds Bank, which was reeling from its ill-advised takeover of HBOS and taxpayer bailout, which sparked public fury. He removed the chief executive and recruited António Horta-Osório in 2011, who shrank and de-risked the combined group. Soon afterwards he became chair of auditing watchdog the Financial Reporting Council, but had to endure a series of accounting scandals amid corporate collapses. He also chaired JPMorgan Securities, the European arm of the US company, from 2014 until 2020. “Much loved husband of the late Rosemary. Loving father to Christopher and Charles and devoted grandfather to five grandchildren,” his family shared in a statement after his death. Sources: FT, Reuters and Moneyweek Beryl Unterhalter (1928-2023) Described as “one of those selfless souls who were the backbone of our country and Jewish community”, Dr Beryl Unterhalter (MA 1956) died on 4 April 2023 at the age of 95. Dr Unterhalter excelled at school and majored in social work at Wits. She went on to train social workers, teach at a primary school, and lecture in social work at the University. She became a pioneering influence in the field of medical sociology. During apartheid, she was an active member of the Liberal Party alongside her husband, Jack, who led the party in the Transvaal and worked as a civil-rights lawyer. The couple raised three children, Elaine (BA 1973), an academic in London, Karen (BA 1974), an educator based in Toronto, and David (LLB 1984), a Gauteng High Court judge. She was “a woman of action”, with many projects on the go. She worked in early childhood education in Soweto; ran literacy programmes with young children and adults, collaborating on literacy and computer classes for domestic workers; and offered her skills to the volunteer organisation University of the Third Age (U3A). She told WITSReview in 2016: “When I retired from lecturing in sociology at Wits, I wanted to learn rather than teach. I wanted to pursue my interests in English literature, poetry and philosophy. I found my intellectual home in U3A. Among the group leaders were retired university staff who provide stimulating discussion in small groups with like-minded third-agers.” After her death, her son David said: “People talk a great deal about the value of giving, but there are those who actually do it as opposed to thinking about it. My mother’s great virtue was that she was a doer of boundless energy and effort.” Sources: Wits archive, SA Jewish Report Shulamith Behr, née Ruch (1946-2023) Honorary research fellow and former senior faculty member of the Courtauld Institute of Art at the University of London, Dr Shulamith Behr (BA FA 1969, BA Hons 1972) died on 7 April 2023 at the age of 76. She was born in Johannesburg on 21 December 1946, into a family of Lithuanian Jewish heritage, and was the youngest of three sisters. She graduated from Wits in 1969, receiving the Henri Lidchi Prize as the top undergraduate student in history of art. She went on to lecture at Wits for seven years, when Professor Heather Martienssen was head of the department. Dr Behr completed her studies in art history and theory at the University of Essex before joining The Courtauld’s faculty in 1990, as Bosch lecturer in German art. She held the post of senior lecturer in 20th century German art until her appointment in 2012 as honorary research fellow. As a specialist in the study of German Expressionism she admitted to having had a long “fascination with materials and print production in the works of the twentieth century”. Her publications encompassed the contribution of women artists to German and Swedish modernism. Her richly illustrated “Women Artists in Expression: From Empire to Emancipation” (Princeton, 2022) explored how women negotiated the competitive world of modern art in Germany. Their stories challenge predominantly male-oriented narratives of Expressionism and shed light on the divergent artistic responses of women to the dramatic events of the early 20th century. Commentators have praised this work for “dismantling” the canonical histories of modernism as well as painting a clearer image of how women Expressionist artists were regarded during their lifetimes. She was a supportive scholar and she published and edited numerous books, book chapters, reviews and catalogue contributions. She curated four exhibitions, ran 12 research seminars and conferences, made 22 guest contributions to conferences and symposia, several of these as keynote speaker, and gave 27 public lectures across the world. She taught hundreds of BA and MA students and supervised 20 students to completion of their PhD degrees. There were numerous recognitions of Dr Behr’s excellence in research, such as fellowships at Wolfson College, and at the Centre for Research in the Arts, University of Cambridge as well as a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship. Dr Behr was described as “a woman before her time, who combined many fine qualities: the rigor and joy of academia as an inspiring teacher and outstanding researcher … Behind her softness and loveliness was an iron will and determination that saw her not only through the many trials in her life, but also through much of her final illness.” She is survived by her husband Bernard (BCom 1968) and her sons Elijah and Gabriel and their wider family. Sources: Bernard Behr, Burlington magazine and The Courtauld Tiego Moseneke (1962-2023) Former president of the Wits Black Students’ Society (BSS) Tiego Moseneke (BProc 1989) died on 19 April 2023 in a car accident at the age of 60. He was born on 8 November 1962 in Atteridgeville in Tshwane, the fifth son of school teachers Karabo and Samuel Moseneke and youngest brother of former Wits Chancellor and Deputy Chief Justice Dikgang Moseneke (LLD honoris causa 2018). Moseneke attended primary school in his home village of Pheli and high school in Mamelodi. His grades were filled with distinctions, which ensured an easy entry into Wits on a scholarship from Anglo American for a BCom degree, but this was later changed to law. As a result of the Group Areas Act, he lived at the Mofolo Salvation Army Students’ Residence, and later moved to Glyn Thomas House, on the grounds of the Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto. Valuable study time was lost during the daily two-hour commute by bus and after-hour access to libraries “was a pipe dream”. Absorbing the influence of many student activists at Glyn Thomas, he went on to be elected president of the Black Students Society in 1983 – among others such as David Johnson (BA 1984), Firoz Cachalia (BA 1981, BA Hons 1983, LLB 1988, HDipCoLaw 2003), Chris Ngcobo (BA 1987) and Themba Maseko (BA 1988, LLB 1993). When the BSS was banned, Moseneke’s resistance to apartheid morphed into active membership of and participation in the United Democratic Front. His activism came at great cost. He was arrested frequently and bore the brunt of violent encounters with the security police. According to the Moseneke family he was detained under emergency regulations for two years continuously and he had frequent asthma attacks while in detention. With the dawn of democracy, Moseneke was a member of the first Gauteng ANC executive after the unbanning of the party and continued in other senior roles. He set up a law practice, founded the New Diamond Corporation, which partnered with De Beers in diamond mining and exploration, and later New Platinum Corporation, which was sold to Jubilee Platinum. He was founder and chair of the Encha Group, an investment house, at the time of his death. Moseneke was passionate about intergenerational dialogues between past and current student leaders. He was a founding chairman, along with other Wits alumni, of the South Africa Student Solidarity Foundation for Education, a fund started by a group of former student leaders in April 2016. It led the way in supporting the Masidleni Daily Meal Project under the Wits Food Bank, which provides meals to students from disadvantaged backgrounds and aims to combat hunger and food insecurity on campus. At his memorial service, held at Wits on 31 May 2023, former Wits SRC members spoke fondly of him: “He stressed innovative ways of addressing the annual fees crisis. Most importantly, he gelled well across generations. I never felt less wise when conversing with him — yet every moment was an opportunity to learn from him,” said Mpendulo Shakes Mfeka, SRC President 2021/22. “When we were slandered, shunned and demonised as hooligans, Tiego reached out a protective brotherly arm, provided a listening ear and empathetic words of comfort,” said Shafee Verachia, SRC President 2013/2014. He is survived by his wife Koketso and children Didintle, Mooketsi and Pako. Sources: Wits archives, Moseneke memorial Andrew Robertson (1943-2023) Dr Andrew “Andy” Robertson (BSc Eng 1966, GDE 1977, PhD 1977) the founder of mining industry geotechnical and environmental engineering services company Robertson GeoConsultants and co-founder of engineering consultancy SRK Global died on 29 March 2023 at the age of 79. Dr Robertson was born in 1943 in Pretoria, South Africa, where he was exposed to mining from a young age. In 1966, he graduated with a bachelor of science degree in civil engineering as well as a doctorate from Wits. In 1974 he, along with Oskar Steffen (BSc Eng 1961, MSc Eng 1963, PhD 1978), and Hendrik Kirsten (BSc Eng 1963, MSc Eng 1966, PhD 1986), formed Steffen, Robertson & Kirsten (SRK) in Johannesburg, the only consulting firm in Africa to specialise in mining geotechnics at the time. Four years later in 1977, Robertson moved to Canada to start the first international branch of what became SRK Consulting. Several offices in the United States were formed under his guidance. In these early formative years of the company, he provided strong guidance and mentorship to many young engineers and geoscientists. Many went on to develop distinguished careers within SRK as well as other consulting or mining companies. Today, SRK has over 1600 employees worldwide in 40+ offices. In addition to SRK, Dr Robertson developed several other companies that serve the mining industry. He supported the development of Gemcom in 1981, the mining industry’s first PC-based exploration database as well as ore deposit modelling, and open pit mine planning software system. In 2012, Gemcom was sold to Dassault Systèmes, owner of GEOVIA. In 1989, he launched InfoMine, with the vision of making mining information more widely available. He spearheaded the digital strategy that became the cornerstone of the company and under his leadership, InfoMine expanded to include EduMine.com (training), CareerMine (recruitment), and Mining.com (news). In 1995, he founded Robertson GeoConsultants, a specialised, international mining consultancy based in Vancouver, BC. His consulting practice included serving on several peer-review panels and independent review boards for some of the highest and most challenging tailing dams in the world. From the 1980s to 2000, Dr Robertson worked on foundational research for the testing, prediction, and control of acid rock drainage (ARD). He was a contributing member of the British Columbia ARD Task Force from 1985 to 1990, which published some of the industry’s first ARD guidelines. He wrote or contributed to industry technical guides on mine waste management, uranium mill waste disposal, and guidelines for the rehabilitation of mines. These guidelines established the foundation for environmental best practices in the industry. His interest in raising industry standards was a pervasive theme through his work. He was instrumental in pioneering the use of failure mode and effects analysis —one of the first systematic techniques for failure analysis—and multiple accounts analysis for engineered solutions in the mining industry. In the late 1990s, he published several papers that are still referenced today in the mining industry. During his career, Dr Robertson worked tirelessly to protect the environment, communities, water quality, and water supplies. He leveraged his background in rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and geochemistry to raise the bar for environmental stewardship within the industry and for the work products he delivered. Dr Robertson was passionate about improving the design, construction, operation, and closure of tailings dams. To make tailings dams safer, he advocated for improving the technology used for the design, construction, and long-term stability of tailing dams; for fiscal responsibility in the construction and operation of these dams; and for governance so today’s designs account for the needs of future generations and changes in societal expectations. Beside his brilliant mind, business acumen, and ability to spot talent, he was also admired for his humility, kindness, and generosity. He was always willing to share his knowledge through publications, courses, and countless meetings and discussions. His legacy will live on in all the engineers and scientists he has mentored over his remarkably long and successful career. Source: SRK Global Barry Orlek (1949-2023) Dr Barry Orlek (BSc 1971, PhD 1976) died on 11 March 2023, at his home in Epping, England, after a long battle with myeloma. He was born in Vereeniging, matriculated from General Smuts High in 1966, and obtained a bachelor of science degree in industrial chemistry in 1971 as well as his doctorate in organic chemistry in 1976 from Wits. In 1977 he moved to the United Kingdom to take up a postdoctoral position at City, University of London, under Professor Peter Sammes, where he undertook research on the chemistry of beta-lactamase inhibitors. He joined Beecham Pharmaceuticals (now GlaxoSmithKline) in 1981, working as a medicinal chemist on several different drug discovery research programmes until his retirement in 2008. During his retirement he spent many hours pursuing his passion for photography – both behind the lens and at exhibitions in the UK and abroad. It’s a passion he shared with his wife Ilana. He maintained strong ties with South Africa, visiting every year to see family and friends and to spend time in the bush. He leaves his wife Ilana and sons Jonathan and Alex. Source: Orlek family Cecilia Sentson (1966-2023) Cecilia Sentson (BSC 1989, BCom 1990) was born on 31 May 1966 and died on 12 May 2023, days before her 57th birthday. She started her primary school career at St Theresa’s Convent in Coronationville in 1972, where her love of learning and reading was nurtured. She proceeded to St Barnabas High School and matriculated in 1983. She studied at Wits, completing a BSc in information systems and thereafter pursued a BCom honours degree. She was awarded a scholarship to study towards an MBA at City University in the United Kingdom. On her return to South Africa, she was appointed as senior lecturer in the school of computer science and applied mathematics for several years. She was employed by Gemini Consulting as a strategy consultant, by Coca-Cola Group as its head of Information Technology Strategy and executive for Africa and the Middle East. Her entrepreneurial journey started several years ago and involved the establishment of many ventures which culminated in the creation of her company which she aptly named Neland Consulting, in honour of her maternal grandmother. She had a larger-than-life personality. Felicity Eggleston (1937-2023) Felicity Eggleston, previous assistant registrar at Wits from 1981 until retiring in 1997, passed away peacefully on the 8 May 2023 aged 86 years. Felicity was fiercely loyal to Wits, pouring over her alumni magazines as they arrived. She was much valued and respected by top management and vice-chancellors, touching their lives as well as those of SRC representatives and students. She joined the University at the end of the MacCrone era and listened to farewell speeches for him, Professors Bozzoli, du Plessis, Tyson and lastly Professor Charlton. During her tenure she saw student numbers double in size and Wits expand onto West Campus. She had a strong sense of justice and had multiple memories of picketing along Jan Smuts Avenue in protest against government discriminatory action, with staff linking arms on the university perimeter, their backs to the police and students on the inside. She started working at Wits in 1968 as secretary to the deputy academic registrar and stayed at Wits in various capacities until her retirement in 1997 having served Wits for almost 30 years. 1969 senior clerk and personal assistant to academic registrar 1972 secretary of faculty of arts for 5 years 1977 invited back to central administration to oversee 10 Faculty offices, and then ran the senate secretariat for many years. 1978 Appointed senior administrative officer 1981 (Senior) Assistant Registrar (Academic) 1990 Head of Faculty Administration and Senate Secretariat Following her retirement, she started work as registrar of St Augustine's College in Jan 1998, establishing the new Catholic university which opened 13 July 1999. She retired 11 years later after seeing her first students graduate in 2011/2012. She also assisted the Sandton Democratic alliance in 2010. She played hockey for KZN as a university student, was a birder, climber, hiker, campaigner, feminist, inveterate traveller. Her travels included: Climbing mountains in UK, Europe (including the Matterhorn), Namibia and many Magaliesburg and Drakensberg peaks; Numerous solo travels in Europe in the late 1950s, early 1960s. Here she had numerous temporary jobs including honing her skills working with the Co-coordinating Secretariat of National Student Unions in Holland, Geneva World University Service and living in and working for the Translation Bureau of the Turkish State Planning Organisation for a year; Machu Picchu as part of a base camp expedition then on to travelling through South America for three months; Botswana numerous times resulting in her involvement in Okavango conservation for a period; and Numerous archaeological trips locally as well as Ethiopia, Tunisia and Egypt. She hosted wonderful dinner parties with a vast circle of friends including work colleagues who became dear friends. Indeed her friendship circle was so wide she seldom needed to stay in a hotel whilst travelling anywhere! She was gentle kind, courteous and “proper” lady who always managed to smile and had a positive attitude towards everything even in her later years. She leaves a nephew and three nieces. Two of her nieces, their spouses as well as a great nephew and niece are also Wits graduates. Source: Caroline Reuss, née Harte (BSc Nurs 1987) Joseph Pamensky (1930-2023) Joseph Leon Pamensky – or “Papa Joe” (CTA 1953) – died on 8 March 2023, in Johannesburg after a long battle with dementia at the age of 92. Pamensky was born in Port Elizabeth (now Gqeberha) on 21 July 1930 to jewellery store owners Samuel and Freda Pamensky. He attended Grey High School, excelling in maths and playing first team cricket, where he opened the innings and kept wicket. Pamensky studied as a chartered accountant at Wits and played club cricket for the university and, later, at Pirates in Johannesburg. Dr Ali Bacher (MBBCh 1967, LLD honoris causa 2001) remained a life-long friend and colleague. Pamensky served on the Wits All Sports’ Council as a student and was elected to the Transvaal Cricket Union’s junior board as a 23-year-old in 1953 before being elected to the full board two years later. On the Transvaal board, he served as vice-chairperson, chairperson, treasurer – and, eventually, president. His election onto the South African Cricketers’ Association board followed in 1967. He was one of the drivers of the negotiations which lead to the formation of the South African Cricket Union in 1976 and was its president until 1991. He was one of the “main drivers of the short-lived unity process in the mid-1970s and, as honorary president, was supportive of Dr Bacher becoming Transvaal cricket’s first full-time chief executive in 1981. During the 1980s, with the national team banned from international competition after the cancellation of the proposed tour to Australia in 1971/2, Pamensky, Bacher, and fellow administrator Geoff Dakin initiated the controversial “rebel tours”. This resulted in English, Sri Lankan, West Indian, and Australian tours to the country. In 1987, Pamensky received the Order of Meritorious Service Gold Medal by the South African government. He was also a member of the SA Institute of Chartered Accountants (Chartered Accountant of the Year 1984) and an honorary life member of Melbourne Cricket Club as well as Cricket South Africa and Gauteng cricket. Seven years ago, Pamensky was diagnosed with dementia. He had remarried after the death of his first wife Pamela, nèe Goldberg, 14 years ago. He is survived by his second wife Jackie, children Kevin (BA 1986), Martin and Beverly. Sources: Archives, Cricket South Africa, South African Jewish Report Mark Pilgrim (1969-2023) Veteran South African broadcaster Mark Pilgrim died on 5 March 2023 at the age of 53, after battling stage four lung cancer. He was born in England and moved to South Africa at the age of nine, matriculating from Sasolburg High School. He started his studies at Wits in 1987, completing two years towards a bachelor of commerce degree, which he never completed. Instead, his interest in radio was sparked on the campus radio station Voice of Wits. This followed many successful years at various radio stations such as 5FM, 94.7 and KFM. In 2014 he joined a new station Hot 91.9 FM in Johannesburg, and in 2015 won the MTN Radio Award for Best Weekend Radio Show. In 2019 he won the Liberty Radio Award for the Best Daytime Show in South Africa and in 2021 he was inducted into the South African Hall of Fame for his contribution to the industry. The radio DJ won multiple awards throughout his career and the South African radio industry honoured Pilgrim by inducting him into the Radio Awards Hall of Fame in July 2021. He married Nicole Torres in 2007 and after almost 13 years together, divorced in 2020. They had two children, Tayla-Jean and Alyssa, together. Pilgrim also ventured into TV in 2001 when he was host of the first season of Big Brother South Africa. In 2002 he returned to host the second season, and in 2003 he hosted the first season of Big Brother Africa. He worked as an MC and motivational speaker and was an advocate for positivity, inspiring others with his own experiences. He published his autobiography, Beyond the Baldness (Tracey MacDonald Publishing, 2015) and from 2013 to early 2016, he wrote a monthly column about parenting from a dad's perspective for Living and Loving magazine. Pilgrim was diagnosed with aggressive stage 3 testicular cancer, which spread to his lungs and kidneys, in 1988. He was 18 years old. After 33 years in remission, he was diagnosed with stage 4 lung cancer. In June 2022 he revealed that the cancer had spread to his femur, the base of his spine, and his lymph nodes. He launched a YouTube video series chronicling his treatment. He was discharged from hospital, two months later, in time to ring in the new year with his fiancée, Adrienne Watkins. Sources: News 24 and Wits archives David A Lipschitz (1943-2023) Dr David Lipschitz (MBBCh 1966, PhD Med 1973) affectionally known as "Dr David," passed away on 6 March 2023 surrounded by his family. He was born in Johannesburg, the eldest of four children. Ever the entrepreneur, he once dug up all the plants in his father's garden and attempted to sell them on the roadside. Luckily, he moved beyond his mischievous ways and went on to study medicine at Wits. Following in his father's footsteps, Dr Lipschitz emigrated to the United States in 1972, training as a haematologist at the University of Washington and doing the seminal research in the development of the serum ferritin assay, a tool that is still used to help evaluate iron levels in blood. After stints at Montefiore Medical Centre and Kansas University Medical School, he joined the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) as director of the Division of Hematology/Oncology. Dr Lipschitz flourished in Little Rock. He began research on the effects of nutrition on aging, which led to a lifelong focus on the unique medical needs of older people. In 1995, he assumed the position of director of the Centre on Aging at UAMS. Under his leadership, UAMS received $30.2 million from the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation to establish the Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and the Institute on Aging. He went on to facilitate the development of a state-wide network for geriatric care, ensuring that every older Arkansan had access to high quality medical care. While Dr Lipschitz was an exceptional leader in medical research and administration, his greatest passion being educating his patients and the public about healthy aging. He often said, "Everything you've been told about growing older is wrong!" Through his weekly newspaper columns, radio shows and television segments, he empowered people to live each day to the fullest. Well before "body positivity”. He never missed an opportunity to crack a corny joke, hum a made-up tune, or dance as if no one was watching (though clearly everyone was!). This voracious appetite for life also meant he was never afraid to put a fork on someone else's plate – resulting in a whole generation of speed eaters. He was endlessly devoted to his three French bulldogs, Barkley, Mochi, and Peaches. They were expertly trained to sleep in a pile on his lap while he watched murder mystery shows for hours. But most of all he loved his family, his wife, Francie, who he said was the most brilliant mother and physician in the world; his six children, Andrea, Elan, Howard, Riley, Forbes, and Evan; and his grandchildren. Source: Arkansas Gazette David L James (1927-2023) David Leslie James, known as “Dave” (BSc Mech Eng 1950, BSc Elec Eng 1952) was born in 1927 and he lived his early childhood in mining company towns on the Witwatersrand such as Robertson Deep, Sub Nigel and Vogelstruisbult. He went to primary school at Pridwin Preparatory School and later became a boarder at Michaelhouse in Natal, which he enjoyed, especially being set free to wander around the countryside on a Sunday. His family owns a letter he wrote to his mother at the time: “Dear Ma. Please send a small frying pan, some tins of bully beef and some small blocks of jellified methylated spirits. Love, David.” In 1945 he started an engineering degree, but quit after about a month when he found the syllabus replicated what he had done the year before in sixth form and joined the war effort, stationed at the naval base in Saldanha Bay. The following year he resumed his studies at Wits, where he met his wife, Jenepher, in 1948, at a tennis party. He graduated with a BSc Mech Eng in 1950, and then with BSc Elec Eng in 1952. He started his master’s degree, working under the supervision of Costa Rallis (BSc Eng 1947, MSc Eng 1948, PhD 1963, DSc honoris causa 2003. He married Jenepher (DipArch 1967) in February and they went to live in the married students’ quarters at Cottesloe. That’s where they met many of the people who became lifelong friends, like Tony and Joy Eagle and Dorothea and Gerald Zeffert (DipArch 1954). James worked for the Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research briefly and then joined the Physics Department at Wits, where he worked as a lecturer for about 40 years, mainly teaching students in electrical engineering. He was much loved and much appreciated by his students, one of whom observed that he was “one of the last of the old school of dedicated university teachers, unappreciated and undervalued by the authorities, who rendered enormous service to the generations of undergraduates they taught”. In his leisure time he built boats, took groups of students and his family on skin diving and camping holidays in Mozambique, and eventually – after retirement – politely turned down an offer by the Physics Department to continue as a lecturer, and completed the building of a boat which he then sailed to the Comores, Madagascar and up the east coast of Africa as far as Kenya. A former Wits colleague described James as a “cross between Scott of the Antarctic and a slightly older version of a hippy – a sort of glorified tramp. Never happier than when sailing somewhere, travelling across the most inhospitable terrain of Lesotho or camping on some beach on which no-one has previously set foot.” After restoring the Stillbay holiday house that had belonged to his grandfather, he and Jenepher spent the last years of their retirement there. He kept in touch with his old friends, especially John Crawford (BSc 1959) and Eddie Price (BSc Hons 1960), both of whom predeceased him. He died on 14 February 2023. He leaves Jenepher, four children – Deborah (BA 1975, BA Hons 1980, MA 1988, PhD 1994), Nicholas (BSc Eng 1981, GDE 1985), Simon (PDipEd 1986) and Melissa (BA 1986, BA Hons 1987) – and nine grandchildren. Source: Deborah James Phil Levinsohn (1939-2023) Chairperson of the Press Council of South Africa Judge Phillip Levinsohn (LLB 1963) died on 21 February 2023 at the age of 83 after a brief illness. He practised as advocate of the Durban Bar from 1971 and took silk in 1988. After a respected career at the Bar, he was appointed as judge of this division in 1990. In 2006 he was appointed as Deputy Judge President of the division, a post which he held until his retirement on 23 August 2009. He contributed widely and followed the affairs of the Bar both locally and nationally and served for many years on the National Bar Examinations Board throughout his time and into retirement. He was described as "a gentle, caring man who was a fierce defender of media freedom and a passionate believer in fair media coverage as espoused by the Press Code He is survived by his wife Phyllis, and children Deborah, Jacques, Gideon, and Adam. Sources: The South African Judiciary, News24 Brian A Lieberman (1942-2023) Professor Brian Abraham Lieberman (MBBCh 1965) passed away on 20 February 2023. Professor Lieberman was born in Johannesburg and educated at Grey College in Bloemfontein from 1955-1959, and he obtained his degree in medicine from Wits in 1965. He moved to London in 1971 to take up a post at St Mary's Hospital. There he specialised in laparoscopic sterilisation, on which he published a number of research papers from 1974 onwards including in the Lancet in 1976. Professor Lieberman took up a post at St Mary's Hospital in Manchester as a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist in September 1978. Inspired by the early work of fertility pioneers he established the world's first publicly funded IVF unit at St Mary's in 1982. He founded the Department of Reproductive Medicine and remained medical director until his retirement in 2007. He also established the private Manchester Fertility Services clinic in 1986 and remained a director until 2009. Professionally, Professor Lieberman made extremely important contributions to the field of IVF from the early days onwards. He was a leader in the development of clinical practice in IVF, fertility preservation, embryo research and embryonic stem cell biology. He founded the National Egg and Embryo Donation Society, the forerunner of the National Gamete Donation Trust. Professor Lieberman wrote over 100 academic papers and numerous textbooks and chapters over a research career from 1969-2011. He was made an honorary professor at the University of Manchester in 2006 and an honorary member of the British Fertility Society in 2018. He was instrumental in the careers of many in reproductive medicine. To his enormous credit, he placed great value on the expertise of others and particularly enjoyed surrounding himself with people who in his words “know things that I don't”. In that respect he was an excellent leader. Professor Lieberman had many interests outside of academia, including a long-standing interest in African art and travel in the African continent, including an overland trip to climb Mount Kenya to raise money for charity. He was a keen sportsman, representing his school at rugby, cricket and swimming. In later life, he became an avid golfer and is now buried as close as possible to the eighth hole at his golf club. He was an avid Manchester United fan, and a season ticket holder. He is survived by his wife, Bernice, and three children. Source: Professor Daniel Brison Peter Davey (1953-2023) Independent non-executive director of mining company Implats, Peter William Davey (MBA 1990), passed away on 7 February 2023 after a short illness. He was a respected mining engineer with substantial production experience in South Africa's deep-level platinum and gold mining industries. He was employed at the company in the 1970s after completing his Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering from Cardiff University in 1976. He completed his Master of Business Administration at Wits and began his second career in the finance industry. He worked at some of the world’s leading investment banking and audit institutions based in Johannesburg and London, where he specialised in mining equity research and sales, for more than 25 years. Davey had in-depth knowledge and a broad personal network across both the South African and global mining industry and financial sector and was highly respected by the executives in the global mining companies he researched and the investor base he advised. He remained abreast of societal and industry challenges and he was an avid reader and regular participant at industry conferences and forums. Implats chairperson, Thandi Orleyn, said: “Peter embodied an unparalleled combination of technical and financial experience, impeccable ethics, deep compassion, and a personal commitment to driving Implats to excel in the broader aspects of social and environmental performance. We will miss his diligence and our debates, and we mourn the loss of a deeply respected and trusted colleague.” Davey is survived by his wife, Jo, his children Richard and Katherine (BCom 2002), and their families. Source: Implats Carmela Heilbron (1940-2023) The last remaining Holocaust survivor in KwaZulu-Natal, Carmela Heilbron, née Heyman (BA 1962), died on 13 January 2023. According to the Wits archive, she was born in Kaunas, Lithuania in 1940. She had a traumatic childhood, growing up in the Kovno ghetto during World War II, and was smuggled out with the help of the Catholic Church. Heilbron, like many children, was handed over the Red Cross at the end of the war. She reunited with her mother and sister, who had been sent to Auschwitz, and the trio moved to Tanzania. Most of her immediate family died during the Holocaust. The Wits archive indicates she matriculated from Ndola Government School in Zambia in 1956 and studied at Wits between 1957 and 1961. In 2008, Heilbron became a guide at the emerging Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre and continued to volunteer there until 2014. Her experience is recorded in the digital record of experiences of 34 Holocaust survivors who found refuge in Portraits of Survival Volume 1: The Holocaust. In it she says: “Take a good look at what’s happening around you. Don’t ever turn around and say it’s not there because it’s not affecting you. The important message is to take action. Speak up, because when you don’t speak up, it just compounds itself into a hideous situation.” She married Lew Heilbron and had two children. Her daughter, Mandy, passed away at the age of 36. She is survived by her husband, son Steven and her grandchildren. Sources: Wits archive, SA Jewish Report, Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre Marie-Joséphine Whitaker (1925-2023) Marie-Joséphine Whitaker, who died in London on 11 January 2023, was professor of French at Wits from 1978 to 1988. An international authority on the work of the French poet, essayist and dramatist Paul Claudel, she was honoured by the French government for her role in disseminating French culture in southern Africa. Professor Whitaker was born Marie-Joséphine Polakiewicz in what was then eastern Poland and is now south-western Ukraine, and used to describe herself as “Polish by birth, French by culture”. Forced to flee in 1940 from the Russian occupation of eastern Poland, she embarked on an epic refugee journey with her mother and sister, ending in Cape Town, where she read for her bachelor’s and master’s at the University of Cape Town. As a graduate student she met her husband, Frank Whitaker, when he was sent to her to brush up his French after returning from war service. Lecturing in French at UCT and bearing four children – a fifth was stillborn – did not prevent Professor Whitaker from obtaining her doctorate at the Sorbonne. She took the two youngest children with her to Paris. Her thesis on the work of the poet Arthur Rimbaud was published in 1972 as La Structure du monde imaginaire de Rimbaud. When the family moved to Johannesburg in the mid-1960s, she joined the French Department at Wits, becoming its head in 1978. As professor, she continued to research and publish, mainly on Claudel, and hosted the biennial conference of the Association for French Studies in Southern Africa, which she helped to found. The French government, which made her Chevalier dans l’Ordre des Palmes Academiques in 1978, promoted her to Officier in 1985. On retirement in 1988 Professor Whitaker moved with her husband to Paris, where she was active in French academic life, publishing and being invited to lecture at French and Polish universities. She published a critical edition of Claudel’s La Messe là-bas in 2009, but after 22 years in France, age forced the couple to move in 2010 to London, where she lamented that the subject of her life’s work was almost unknown, despite WH Auden’s famous couplet: “Time will pardon Paul Claudel, Pardon him for writing well.” But on hearing of her death, the writer’s grandson, François Claudel, praised her “remarkable knowledge of my grandfather’s work, that she admired and knew how to share”. Frank died in 2014. Professor Whitaker is survived by Raymond (BA 1970), Richard (BA 1971), Christopher and Helen (BA 1978), eight grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren. Source: Raymond Whitaker In Memoriam 2022 cntd Joan Munday (1928-2022) Joan Munday (BSc 1948, MSc 1980) died peacefully on 29 December 2022 in Plettenberg Bay, South Africa. Born in Bloemfontein, she completed her schooling as a boarder at Johannesburg High School for Girls Barnato Park. She went on to study at Wits, obtaining a Bachelor of Science in 1948. After graduating she was awarded a scholarship to conduct plant research at the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens herbarium in Cape Town. In the 1950s she left South Africa for the United Kingdom, where she lived for several years, working in the herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, London. It was here that she began to specialise as a taxonomic botanist. While learning German at a language school in London she met her husband Ken (HDipTax 1983), who had recently been demobilised from the British Army’s occupation of Germany, and they married in 1956. Their son Nicholas was born in London. Later they moved to Johannesburg, where they had two more sons: Martin (BA 1986, MA 1988) and Christopher (BA 1988, BA Hons 1989, MA 1993, PGDipM 1992). In 1972 Munday returned to Wits to work as a taxonomic botanist in the Department of Botany’s Moss Herbarium. She focused her research on grasses and desert plants and completed an MSc in 1980, with her dissertation on the plant genus Monechma. Fieldwork took her around Southern Africa. She and her husband both enjoyed wildlife and had a shared passion for studying birds of prey. While working at Wits, she provided volunteer support to the Johannesburg General Hospital’s Poison Centre helpline by identifying plants that patients had ingested. After retiring in 1988, she wrote the field guide Poisonous Plants in South African Gardens and Parks (Delta, 1988) with illustrations by the botanical artist Joan van Gogh. Munday settled in Plettenberg Bay and when Ken died in 2019, they had been married for nearly 63 years. She is survived by her three sons and two grandchildren. Source: Munday family Charles Simkins (1949-2022) Renowned economist and inaugural holder of the Helen Suzman Chair in political economy at Wits, Professor Charles Simkins (BSc 1969, BSc Hon 1970) died after a long illness on 8 December 2022, 48 hours after his beloved wife Rae Gower. After completing an honours degree in physics at Wits in 1970, he was awarded a Rhodes scholarship, and obtained a master’s in philosophy, politics and economics from Oxford University. He then completed a PhD in economics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Pietermaritzburg. Professor Simkins was involved in civil society organisations and initiatives for the greater part of his life. This activism first appeared during his undergraduate days at Wits, when he was elected to the Student Representative Council as treasurer. He was involved in helping to create a non-racial trade union movement, which led to him being banned for five years under the Suppression of Communism Act until November 1976. He was given permission to relocate to the Pietermaritzburg campus, where he created the Development Studies Research Group. It was during this time that he met and married his wife. After his banning order was lifted, he moved to Cape Town, where he joined the Economics Department at the University of Cape Town. Later he moved to Johannesburg to join the Urban Foundation, subsequently working at Wits and St Augustine’s College. He joined the Helen Suzman Foundation in 2014, building up a research profile on a broad range of subjects such as health and land reform, infrastructure problems (including water and electricity) and constitutional issues, especially those surrounding electoral reform. In a tribute to Professor Simkins, the historian RW Johnson said he was immediately struck by the “subtlety and complexity of his intelligence” when their paths crossed at Oxford. “He was a quiet, modest and very gentle man without political ambition”, who saw “opposition to apartheid as a moral imperative rather than a political act”. For the last decade of his life Professor Simkins devoted himself to the care of his ill wife. Source: Helen Suzman Foundation, Politicsweb Louis Berman (1934-2022) Dr Louis Berman (MBBCh 1957) was born on 27 February 1934 in Johannesburg to Isaac and Dora Berman. He was the first in his family to attend University and graduated as a physician, and went on to specialise in rheumatology in Chicago and London. He married fellow Witsie Dr Margaret Spitz (MBBCh 1966) and the couple emigrated to Houston in the United States. Dr Berman built a thriving rheumatology practice and was much beloved by his patients and staff. Dr Berman developed a love of the beach from his childhood in Muizenberg, Cape Town and an annual beach vacation became a family tradition. His hobbies included listening to classical music and creative writing. One of his favourite activities was taking his grandchildren to bookstores and buying armloads of books for them. He had a passion for learning and had a remarkable ability to translate the complex into the simple. He learned to play the piano by ear listening to his sister’s lessons and after retiring took piano lessons himself. Dr Berman died on 26 December 2022 and he is survived by his three children and seven grandchildren. Source: Jewish Herald Voice Online Richard Enthoven (1937-2022) Richard “Dick” Enthoven (DCom honoris causa 2021) was a distinguished, if reclusive, South African entrepreneur and philanthropist, who died on 2 December 2022 after a battle with cancer. Born in 1937, Enthoven was the son of Dutch immigrant insurance broker Robert Enthoven, whose insurance brokerage business started in the 1950s and evolved into Hollard. Richard, in turn, was instrumental in building iconic South African and international businesses, including Auto and General, Nando’s, Direct Axis, & Beyond and Spier Wine Estate. In 1970 he was elected as a member of the Transvaal Provincial Council and in 1974 he became a member of parliament for the United Party, but was expelled in 1975 for “disloyalty”. He was a renowned lover of the arts and supported many South African artists, as well as building art institutions. He provided the generous catalytic funding for the Wits Art Museum as well as the Johannesburg Contemporary Art Foundation, a non-profit organisation whose mission is to play a role in globalising contemporary South African art. Enthoven’s passion for architectural heritage resulted in the restoration of one of Johannesburg’s important heritage sites, Villa Arcadia. Wits bestowed an honorary doctorate in commerce on him in 2021. His favourite quote was “the gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application”, from the novel Don Quixote. Enthoven is survived by five children and 14 grandchildren. Sources: Wits University and News24 John Bradley (1937-2022) Educationist, academic and friend of Wits University for over five decades, Professor John Bradley died on 28 December 2022. Professor Bradley was born in Cheadle Hulme, Cheshire and joined the Wits School of Chemistry in 1964 after completing his studies at the University of Leeds, the University of London (King’s College) and his postdoctoral fellowship at Florida State University. In the early 1980s, out of concern for educationally disadvantaged students, he spearheaded initiatives to provide students with access to science education. These initiatives included an entry-level and a research programme in chemistry education. In 1990, Professor Bradley became director of the University’s Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (RADMASTE), a centre which developed maths and science education resources. He moved with RADMASTE when it was relocated to the Wits School of Education in 2003. According to colleagues, he persistently challenged them “to think big, to think contemporary, and never to be complacent” about their teaching offerings. He was one of the co-creators of the Centre for Microscience Experiments associated with UNESCO, and helped establish the UNESCO-IUPAC Global Programme in Microscience. He published widely on research emanating from this area in the past two decades. Professor Bradley served as the president of the South African Chemical Institute, as chairperson of the IUPAC Committee on the teaching of chemistry (1996-2001), and as chair of the ministerial task team responsible for developing a national strategy for maths, science and technology education. He was a finalist in the 2018 National Science and Technology Forum Awards and received the International Organization for Chemical Science in Development’s Pierre Crabbé Prize in 2003. He married Elizabeth Le Roux Wessels in 1962 and they had three children, Richard, Jocelyn (BA 1989, BA Hons 1990, MA 1995) and Julia. Source: Wits University Henry Nathanson (1927 – 2022) Henry Nathanson (BA 1947, LLB 1949), the last surviving member of the famous law class of 1949, that included Nelson Mandela (LLD honoris causa 1991), passed away peacefully on 3 December 2022, at his home in Glenhazel. Born in Kroonstad in 1927, he later attended high school at Jeppe Boys. He enrolled for chemical engineering degree at Wits in 1944, but, switched to law the following year, despite his excellent results. Articled to Max Pinchuk at Wertheim & Becker, he later started his own firm of Nathanson Bowman & Nathan. He enjoyed a successful career as an attorney, notary, and conveyancer in Johannesburg, for 50 years. He was a keen bowls player, but also enjoyed watching rugby and cricket, playing bridge, and was a keen amateur philatelist. He possessed a fine sense of humour and able to lighten up a difficult moment with a suitable amusing quip. He was very pleased to attend the 1949 Wits Law Class Reunion in 1996, that Mandela also attended. His wife Sheila predeceased him, as did his two sons Irwin and Mark who had severe disabilities and he is survived by his daughter Anne Wilkinson. Source: Sarel de Klerk Gavin Norton (1961-2022) Professor Gavin Norton (BSc 1982, MBBCh 1986, PhD Med 1993), a much loved and respected member of the Wits staff in the Faculty of Health Sciences, died on 1 December 2022. Prof Norton joined the University as a junior lecturer in 1989. Four years later, he founded and became the director of the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Research Programme, which subsequently grew into the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit in 2001. An off-site satellite research group, the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Research Unit, was set up in 2018. He was described as “a true clinician scientist” by colleagues and made an immense contribution to the understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology, hypertension and heart failure. Prof Norton received a South African Medical Research Council Gold Medal for excellence in research and was one of the 30 inaugural honorary fellows appointed in 2021 by the International Union of Physiological Sciences for “exceptional contributions to physiological sciences” in the form of significant original discovery and sustained excellent contribution to scholarship. He was a formidable researcher and had a great passion for the teaching and training of students. He had a knack for explaining complex physiological concepts in simple but accurate terms and was awarded the Phillip V Tobias accolade as a distinguished teacher. His fatherlike approach to postgraduate training made him a well-loved supervisor and mentor among all his more than 50 research master’s and PhD students. His graduates are in prominent academic and industrial positions and bear testament to the quality of education he delivered. His family said he “was a real beach bum who enjoyed swimming and surfing”. He also loved movies and had an impressive collection of DVDs of his favourite actors. Few knew he was an avid painter and sculptor and a fervent visitor to museums. His many travels across the globe made him a fountain of world knowledge and a fascinating storyteller. Sources: School of Physiology: Prof William Daniels, Prof Angela Woodiwiss and Dr Vernice Peterson Michael Javett (1936-2022) Philanthropist and attorney Michael Javett (BCom 1957, LLB 1959) died on 17 November 2022 at the age of 86 at his home in Johannesburg. After completing his law and business studies at Wits he practised as an attorney at Webber Wentzel, moving to London to join the international law firm Allen & Overy and subsequently pursued a career as a merchant banker at Hill Samuel. He returned to South Africa and established the Unisec Group that was later sold to Standard Bank. He also established Tolux SA, which has since become Brait. From 2006 he focused on philanthropy and was instrumental in establishing the Javett Foundation in 2013. The impetus behind its establishment traces back to the philanthropic activities of his parents Samuel (MBBCh 1926, MMed 1940) and Rebecca ‘Chix’. Chix was central to shaping the family’s early philanthropic activities, instilling a commitment to social change and development. Javett went on to collaborate with the University of Pretoria to form the Javett Art Centre in 2019. He passed away a few days before the launch of Mihloti ya Ntsako (Tears of Joy) - Journeys with the Bongi Dhlomo Collection (2022), and art project which chronicled a compendium of 138 artworks produced in the 20th century by both well-known and lesser-known South African artists. He advocated for greater access of artistic education for youth from diverse backgrounds. Javett was also a great horse racing fan. He purchased “Politician” for R5 250, and the pedigree went on to win 18 races, notably the J&B Met and Queen’s Plate, as well as the 1978 Rothmans July Handicap. Politician retired to stud having been named South Africa’s Horse Of The Year on three occasions. His Wits-trained brother Stanley (MBBCh 1956) died in 2000 at the age of 67. Sources: University of Pretoria, Javett Foundation and Wits archives Ronald Jaffe (1943-2022) Emeritus Professor of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh and former Chief of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Ronald Jaffe (BSc 1966, MBBCh 1969) passed away on 23 November 2022. After graduating from Wits, he completed residencies in pathology at Sheba Medical Center in Israel and Children’s Hospital in Boston and a fellowship at the Mallory Institute of Pathology, settling in Pittsburgh in the US in 1977. Professor Jaffe was an internationally recognised expert in paediatric pathology and histiocytic disorders, served as the editor-in-chief of “Pediatric and Developmental Pathology” and was president of the Society of Pediatric Professionals in 2001. He was described by colleagues as a critical thinker with an exceptionally gifted “eye”. He is survived by his wife Sandra, son and grandchildren. Sources: Pittsburgh Post Gazette, Society of Pediatric Pathology Marcus Holmes (1952-2022) Marcus Holmes (BArch 1977) principal partner of the architectural practice, Fassler Kamstra + Holmes Architects passed away on 9 November 2022 in Linksfield Hospital after a short illness. Holmes was born in Oxford, England but came to South Africa with his parents in the 1950s. He was educated at St Andrew’s School in Grahamstown where he obtained a First Class Matric in 1969. He originally thought he would study engineering but pursued a career in architecture instead. Holmes will be best remembered for his work within the realm of conservation architecture where he brought together a range of skills; deep knowledge of the making of buildings, a passion for the building heritage of Johannesburg and fastidious attention to detail. Shortly after graduating, he joined the practice of Mira Fassler Kamstra to create the firm of Fassler Kamstra & Holmes. This was changed after Mira left the practice to Fassler Kamstra + Holmes. The partnership undertook restoration work on heritage homes and major public and commercial buildings. The practice list of projects is lengthy and included the following conservation architecture projects: Blackroofs, Dolobran, the Customs House, the Rissik Street Post Office, The Pines, Johannesburg Art Gallery, Johannesburg City Hall, Johannesburg Library, Casa Bedo, Case Dobe, Prynnsberg Manor, Darjeeling House, Piccadilly Mansions, Oxford Manor, Chancellor House, Ravenscraig, Lauriston Court among others. Sadly, many were not completed. Holmes counted the conversion of the Johannesburg City Hall into the Gauteng Legislature (1994), a vast project completed with Mira in record time as one of his proudest achievements. His exploration of the complexities of the project which arose from the drawings of John Fassler from the 1960s resulted in the commission to convert the mothballed building into A-Grade office space for the Gauteng Legislature. Holmes was immensely knowledgeable about Herbert Baker and in his approach to restoration. As the authority on the works of Herbert Baker and with Mira Fassler Kamstra, they worked on the restoration of the following Johannesburg Baker homes – Blackroof, Kleine Schuur, Northwards, the rectory of St George’s Church in Parktown, St Margaret’s, Villa Arcadia, Bishopskop, Stone house, Dysart House, Glenshiel and the Pallinghurst Stables. Holmes said he was happiest while physically involved in construction, taking on the role of “the master builder – architect” which he saw as most necessary for the making of fine building. He said that most architects were excluded from that opportunity. His approach to heritage restoratio
4591	dbpedia	3	63	http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/news/professor-lesley-torrance-announced-fellow-royal-society-edinburgh	en	Professor Lesley Torrance announced as Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh	https://sefari.scot/site…Logo_REVERSE.png		[ "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/logos/jhi.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-01.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-02.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-03.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-04.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-05.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-06.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-07.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-08.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-09.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/header-icon-10.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/logos/IBH-hutton-web-164x50px.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/logos/APGC-hutton-web-164x50px.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/resize/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-twitter-greyscale-35x35.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/resize/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-facebook-greyscale-35x35.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/resize/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-youtube-greyscale-35x35.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/resize/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-linkedin-greyscale-35x35.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/breadcrumb-divider.gif", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/breadcrumb-divider.gif", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/imagecache/news_page_image/images/news/Lesley-Torrance-345x250.jpg", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-twitter-greyscale.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-facebook-greyscale.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-youtube-greyscale.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/social-linkedin-greyscale.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/AS_Bronze_Award.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/resize/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/stonewallscot-diversitychampion-logo-white-100x103.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/resize/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/disability-confident-employer-reverse-168x77.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/resize/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/living-wage-employer-168x95.png", "https://sefari.scot/sites/default/files/SEFARI_Logo_REVERSE.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/icons/KAE_logos_2023_Sustainable_Development_KAE-logo-circular-year-white.png", "http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/logos/jhi-logomark.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "James Hutton", "James Hutton Institute", "crop research", "land use", "environmental research", "climate change", "soil quality", "soft fruit", "food security", "crop productivity", "controlling diseases", "Enhancing Crop Productivity", "Low Carbon Futures", "Biodiversity", "land capability", "environmental protection", "agroforestry", "soil science", "Aberdeen", "Royal Society of Edinburgh", "RSE", "Fellow", "Lesley Torrance", "University of St Andrews", "virology", "Director of Science" ]	null	[]	null	Professor Lesley Torrance, Director of Science at the James Hutton Institute, has been made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, a body which contributes to the social, cultural and economic wellbeing of Scotland through the advancement of learning and useful knowledge.	en	/sites/all/themes/jameshutton/images/structural/favicon.ico		http://abwww03.hutton.ac.uk/news/professor-lesley-torrance-announced-fellow-royal-society-edinburgh	“The RSE fellowship has a unique breadth of experience in academic disciplines, the arts and business and fellows contribute to contemporary issues to benefit Scotland and beyond. I look forward to helping to further its aims and objectives” Professor Lesley Torrance, Director of Science at the James Hutton Institute, has been made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), a body which contributes to the social, cultural and economic wellbeing of Scotland through the advancement of learning and useful knowledge. Established in 1783, RSE has announced 64 new UK and International Fellows. These Fellows were elected following a rigorous examination of their achievements and will help RSE continue providing independent and expert advice to policymakers, support aspiring entrepreneurs, develop research capacity and leadership and engage with the public through events. On the announcement, Professor Torrance said: “I am delighted and honoured to be invited to become a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. “The RSE fellowship has a unique breadth of experience in academic disciplines, the arts and business and fellows contribute to contemporary issues to benefit Scotland and beyond. I look forward to helping to further its aims and objectives.” Lesley is based on the Institute’s Dundee site; she is a Director of Science with responsibilities for the strategic direction and delivery of the science programme, including leadership of the RESAS Strategic Research Programme, oversight of the Cell and Molecular Sciences and Ecological Sciences departments and the Institute’s Postgraduate School and interactions with the universities of Dundee and St Andrews. Lesley continues her research as a Professor in Plant Virology in the University of St Andrews’ School of Biology. She currently leads inter-disciplinary projects to develop sustainable, climate-resilient potatoes with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Kenya and Malawi. She has held significant scientific leadership roles, including a recent appointment to the Independent Science for Development Council of CGIAR, a global partnership that unites international organisations engaged in research for a food-secured future. The RSE is an educational charity, registered in Scotland, operating on a wholly independent and non-party-political basis and providing public benefit throughout Scotland. There are currently around 1600 Fellows, who are based in Scotland, the rest of the UK and beyond, representing the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Professor Dame Anne Glover, President of the RSE concludes: “The diverse expertise and experience of our fellows means that, as an organisation, we are well-placed to respond to the issues of the day with clear informed thinking free from commercial or political influence. "Our new fellows, who we look forward to welcoming, not only hold vast knowledge but also deep experience, keen judgement, boundless enthusiasm and a passion for promoting societal development and change. By using their talents as a collective, we can often unlock or inspire new potential and unearth fresh solutions to some of the most complex issues Scotland’s society faces today.”
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2002-02-25T15:51:15+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestley	English chemist, theologian, educator, and political theorist (1733–1804) For the English lawyer, see Joseph Child Priestley. For the British lecturer in botany, see Joseph Hubert Priestley. Joseph Priestley ( ;[3] 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, Unitarian, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, liberal political theorist.[4] He published over 150 works, and conducted experiments in several areas of science.[5][6] Priestley is credited with his independent discovery of oxygen by the thermal decomposition of mercuric oxide,[7] having isolated it in 1774.[8] During his lifetime, Priestley's considerable scientific reputation rested on his invention of carbonated water, his writings on electricity, and his discovery of several "airs" (gases), the most famous[9] being what Priestley dubbed "dephlogisticated air" (oxygen). Priestley's determination to defend phlogiston theory and to reject what would become the chemical revolution eventually left him isolated within the scientific community. Priestley's science was integral to his theology, and he consistently tried to fuse Enlightenment rationalism with Christian theism.[10] In his metaphysical texts, Priestley attempted to combine theism, materialism, and determinism, a project that has been called "audacious and original".[11] He believed that a proper understanding of the natural world would promote human progress and eventually bring about the Christian millennium.[11] Priestley, who strongly believed in the free and open exchange of ideas, advocated toleration and equal rights for religious Dissenters, which also led him to help found Unitarianism in England. The controversial nature of Priestley's publications, combined with his outspoken support of the American Revolution and later the French Revolution,[12][13] aroused public and governmental contempt; eventually forcing him to flee in 1791, first to London and then to the United States, after a mob burned down his Birmingham home and church. He spent his last ten years in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. A scholar and teacher throughout his life, Priestley made significant contributions to pedagogy, including the publication of a seminal work on English grammar and books on history; he prepared some of the most influential early timelines. The educational writings were among Priestley's most popular works. Arguably his metaphysical works, however, had the most lasting influence, as now considered primary sources for utilitarianism by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Herbert Spencer. Early life and education (1733–1755) [edit] Priestley was born in Birstall (near Batley) in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to an established English Dissenting family who did not conform to the Church of England. He was the oldest of six children born to Mary Swift and Jonas Priestley, a finisher of cloth. Priestley was sent to live with his grandfather around the age of one. He returned home five years later, after his mother died. When his father remarried in 1741, Priestley went to live with his aunt and uncle, the wealthy and childless Sarah (d. 1764) and John Keighley, 3 miles (4.8 km) from Fieldhead.[4] Priestley was a precocious child—at the age of four, he could flawlessly recite all 107 questions and answers of the Westminster Shorter Catechism—and his aunt sought the best education for him, intending him to enter ministry. During his youth, Priestley attended local schools, where he learned Greek, Latin, and Hebrew.[15] Around 1749, Priestley became seriously ill and believed he was dying. Raised as a devout Calvinist, he believed a conversion experience was necessary for salvation, but doubted he had had one. This emotional distress eventually led him to question his theological upbringing, causing him to reject election and to accept universal salvation. As a result, the elders of his home church, the Independent Upper Chapel of Heckmondwike, near Leeds, refused him admission as a full member.[4][16] Priestley's illness left him with a permanent stutter and he gave up any thoughts of entering the ministry at that time. In preparation for joining a relative in trade in Lisbon, he studied French, Italian, and German in addition to Aramaic, and Arabic. He was tutored by the Reverend George Haggerstone, who first introduced him to higher mathematics, natural philosophy, logic, and metaphysics through the works of Isaac Watts, Willem 's Gravesande, and John Locke.[17] Daventry Academy [edit] Priestley eventually decided to return to his theological studies and, in 1752, matriculated at Daventry, a Dissenting academy.[18] Because he was already widely read, Priestley was allowed to omit the first two years of coursework. He continued his intense study; this, together with the liberal atmosphere of the school, shifted his theology further leftward and he became a Rational Dissenter. Abhorring dogma and religious mysticism, Rational Dissenters emphasised rational analysis of the natural world and the Bible.[19] Priestley later wrote that the book that influenced him the most, save the Bible, was David Hartley's Observations on Man (1749). Hartley's psychological, philosophical, and theological treatise postulated a material theory of mind. Hartley aimed to construct a Christian philosophy in which both religious and moral "facts" could be scientifically proven, a goal that would occupy Priestley for his entire life. In his third year at Daventry, Priestley committed himself to the ministry, which he described as "the noblest of all professions".[20] Needham Market and Nantwich (1755–1761) [edit] Further information: Joseph Priestley and education Robert Schofield, Priestley's major modern biographer, describes his first "call" in 1755 to the Dissenting parish in Needham Market, Suffolk, as a "mistake" for both Priestley and the congregation.[21] Priestley yearned for urban life and theological debate, whereas Needham Market was a small, rural town with a congregation wedded to tradition. Attendance and donations dropped sharply when they discovered the extent of his heterodoxy. Although Priestley's aunt had promised her support if he became a minister, she refused any further assistance when she realised he was no longer a Calvinist. To earn extra money, Priestley proposed opening a school, but local families informed him that they would refuse to send their children. He also presented a series of scientific lectures titled "Use of the Globes" that was more successful.[22] Priestley's Daventry friends helped him obtain another position and in 1758 he moved to Nantwich, Cheshire, living at Sweetbriar Hall in the town's Hospital Street; his time there was happier. The congregation cared less about Priestley's heterodoxy and he successfully established a school. Unlike many schoolmasters of the time, Priestley taught his students natural philosophy and even bought scientific instruments for them. Appalled at the quality of the available English grammar books, Priestley wrote his own: The Rudiments of English Grammar (1761).[23] His innovations in the description of English grammar, particularly his efforts to dissociate it from Latin grammar, led 20th-century scholars to describe him as "one of the great grammarians of his time".[24] After the publication of Rudiments and the success of Priestley's school, Warrington Academy offered him a teaching position in 1761.[25] Warrington Academy (1761–1767) [edit] In 1761, Priestley moved to Warrington in Cheshire and assumed the post of tutor of modern languages and rhetoric at the town's Dissenting academy, although he would have preferred to teach mathematics and natural philosophy. He fitted in well at Warrington, and made friends quickly.[27] These included the doctor and writer John Aikin, his sister the children's author Anna Laetitia Aikin, and the potter and businessman Josiah Wedgwood. Wedgwood met Priestley in 1762, after a fall from his horse. Wedgwood and Priestley met rarely, but exchanged letters, advice on chemistry, and laboratory equipment. Wedgwood eventually created a medallion of Priestley in cream-on-blue jasperware.[28][29]: 37 On 23 June 1762, Priestley married Mary Wilkinson of Wrexham. Of his marriage, Priestley wrote: This proved a very suitable and happy connexion, my wife being a woman of an excellent understanding, much improved by reading, of great fortitude and strength of mind, and of a temper in the highest degree affectionate and generous; feeling strongly for others, and little for herself. Also, greatly excelling in every thing relating to household affairs, she entirely relieved me of all concern of that kind, which allowed me to give all my time to the prosecution of my studies, and the other duties of my station.[30] On 17 April 1763, they had a daughter, whom they named Sarah after Priestley's aunt.[31] Educator and historian [edit] Further information: Joseph Priestley and education All of the books Priestley published while at Warrington emphasised the study of history; Priestley considered it essential for worldly success as well as religious growth. He wrote histories of science and Christianity in an effort to reveal the progress of humanity and, paradoxically, the loss of a pure, "primitive Christianity".[32] In his Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life (1765),[34] Lectures on History and General Policy (1788), and other works, Priestley argued that the education of the young should anticipate their future practical needs. This principle of utility guided his unconventional curricular choices for Warrington's aspiring middle-class students. He recommended modern languages instead of classical languages and modern rather than ancient history. Priestley's lectures on history were particularly revolutionary; he narrated a providentialist and naturalist account of history, arguing that the study of history furthered the comprehension of God's natural laws. Furthermore, his millennial perspective was closely tied to his optimism regarding scientific progress and the improvement of humanity. He believed that each age would improve upon the previous and that the study of history allowed people to perceive and to advance this progress. Since the study of history was a moral imperative for Priestley, he also promoted the education of middle-class women, which was unusual at the time.[35] Some scholars of education have described Priestley as the most important English writer on education between the 17th-century John Locke and the 19th-century Herbert Spencer.[36] Lectures on History was well received and was employed by many educational institutions, such as New College at Hackney, Brown, Princeton, Yale, and Cambridge.[37] Priestley designed two Charts to serve as visual study aids for his Lectures.[38] These charts are in fact timelines; they have been described as the most influential timelines published in the 18th century.[39] Both were popular for decades, and the trustees of Warrington were so impressed with Priestley's lectures and charts that they arranged for the University of Edinburgh to grant him a Doctor of Law degree in 1764.[40] During this period Priestley also regularly delivered lectures on rhetoric that were later published in 1777 as A Course of Lectures on Oratory and Criticism.[41] History of electricity [edit] The intellectually stimulating atmosphere of Warrington, often called the "Athens of the North" (of England) during the 18th century, encouraged Priestley's growing interest in natural philosophy. He gave lectures on anatomy and performed experiments regarding temperature with another tutor at Warrington, his friend John Seddon.[42] Despite Priestley's busy teaching schedule, he decided to write a history of electricity. Friends introduced him to the major experimenters in the field in Britain—John Canton, William Watson, Timothy Lane, and the visiting Benjamin Franklin who encouraged Priestley to perform the experiments he wanted to include in his history. Priestley also consulted with Franklin during the latter's kite experiments.[43][44] In the process of replicating others' experiments, Priestley became intrigued by unanswered questions and was prompted to undertake experiments of his own design.[45] (Impressed with his Charts and the manuscript of his history of electricity, Canton, Franklin, Watson, and Richard Price nominated Priestley for a fellowship in the Royal Society; he was accepted in 1766.)[46] In 1767, the 700-page The History and Present State of Electricity was published to positive reviews.[47] The first half of the text is a history of the study of electricity to 1766; the second and more influential half is a description of contemporary theories about electricity and suggestions for future research. The volume also contains extensive comments on Priestley's views that scientific inquiries be presented with all reasoning in one's discovery path, including false leads and mistakes. He contrasted his narrative approach with Newton's analytical proof-like approach which did not facilitate future researchers to continue the inquiry. Priestley reported some of his own discoveries in the second section, such as the conductivity of charcoal and other substances and the continuum between conductors and non-conductors.[48] This discovery overturned what he described as "one of the earliest and universally received maxims of electricity", that only water and metals could conduct electricity. This and other experiments on the electrical properties of materials and on the electrical effects of chemical transformations demonstrated Priestley's early and ongoing interest in the relationship between chemical substances and electricity.[49] Based on experiments with charged spheres, Priestley was among the first to propose that electrical force followed an inverse-square law, similar to Newton's law of universal gravitation.[50][51] He did not generalise or elaborate on this,[48] and the general law was enunciated by French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb in the 1780s.[52] Priestley's strength as a natural philosopher was qualitative rather than quantitative and his observation of "a current of real air" between two electrified points would later interest Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell as they investigated electromagnetism. Priestley's text became the standard history of electricity for over a century; Alessandro Volta (who later invented the battery), William Herschel (who discovered infrared radiation), and Henry Cavendish (who discovered hydrogen) all relied upon it. Priestley wrote a popular version of the History of Electricity for the general public titled A Familiar Introduction to the Study of Electricity (1768).[53] He marketed the book with his brother Timothy, but unsuccessfully.[54] Leeds (1767–1773) [edit] Perhaps prompted by Mary Priestley's ill health, or financial problems, or a desire to prove himself to the community that had rejected him in his childhood, Priestley moved with his family from Warrington to Leeds in 1767, and he became Mill Hill Chapel's minister. Two sons were born to the Priestleys in Leeds: Joseph, Junior, on 24 July 1768 and William three years later. Theophilus Lindsey, a rector at Catterick, Yorkshire, became one of Priestley's few friends in Leeds, of whom he wrote: "I never chose to publish any thing of moment relating to theology, without consulting him."[56] Although Priestley had extended family living around Leeds, they do not appear to have communicated. Schofield conjectures that they considered him a heretic.[57] Each year, Priestley travelled to London to consult with his close friend and publisher, Joseph Johnson, and to attend meetings of the Royal Society.[58] Minister of Mill Hill Chapel [edit] When Priestley became its minister, Mill Hill Chapel was one of the oldest and most respected Dissenting congregations in England; however, during the early 18th century the congregation had fractured along doctrinal lines and was losing members to the charismatic Methodist movement.[59] Priestley believed that he could strengthen the bonds of the congregation by educating the young people there.[60] In his three-volume Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion (1772–74),[61] Priestley outlined his theories of religious instruction. More importantly, he laid out his belief in Socinianism. The doctrines he explicated would become the standards for Unitarians in Britain. This work marked a change in Priestley's theological thinking that is critical to understanding his later writings—it paved the way for his materialism and necessitarianism (the latter being the belief that a divine being acts in accordance with necessary metaphysical laws).[62] Priestley's major argument in the Institutes was that the only revealed religious truths that could be accepted were those that matched one's experience of the natural world. Since his views of religion were tied deeply to his understanding of nature, the text's theism rested on the argument from design.[63] The Institutes shocked and appalled many readers, primarily because it challenged basic Christian orthodoxies, such as the divinity of Christ and the miracle of the Virgin Birth. Methodists in Leeds penned a hymn asking God to "the Unitarian fiend expel / And chase his doctrine back to Hell."[64] Priestley wanted to return Christianity to its "primitive" or "pure" form by eliminating the "corruptions" which had accumulated over the centuries. The fourth part of the Institutes, An History of the Corruptions of Christianity, became so long that he was forced to issue it separately in 1782. Priestley believed that the Corruptions was "the most valuable" work he ever published. In demanding that his readers apply the logic of the emerging sciences and comparative history to the Bible and Christianity, he alienated religious and scientific readers alike—scientific readers did not appreciate seeing science used in the defence of religion and religious readers dismissed the application of science to religion.[65] Religious controversialist [edit] Priestley engaged in numerous political and religious pamphlet wars. According to Schofield, "he entered each controversy with a cheerful conviction that he was right, while most of his opponents were convinced, from the outset, that he was willfully and maliciously wrong. He was able, then, to contrast his sweet reasonableness to their personal rancor",[66] but as Schofield points out Priestley rarely altered his opinion as a result of these debates.[66] While at Leeds he wrote controversial pamphlets on the Lord's Supper and on Calvinist doctrine; thousands of copies were published, making them some of Priestley's most widely read works.[67] Priestley founded the Theological Repository in 1768, a journal committed to the open and rational inquiry of theological questions. Although he promised to print any contribution, only like-minded authors submitted articles. He was, therefore, obliged to provide much of the journal's content himself. This material also became the basis for many of his later theological and metaphysical works. After only a few years, due to a lack of funds, he was forced to cease publishing the journal.[68] However, he did revive it briefly in 1784 with similar results.[69] Defender of Dissenters and political philosopher [edit] Further information: Joseph Priestley and Dissent Many of Priestley's political writings supported the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, which restricted the rights of Dissenters. They could not hold political office, serve in the armed forces, or attend Oxford and Cambridge unless they subscribed to the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England. Dissenters repeatedly petitioned Parliament to repeal the Acts, arguing that they were being treated as second-class citizens.[71] Priestley's friends, particularly other Rational Dissenters, urged him to publish a work on the injustices experienced by Dissenters; the result was his Essay on the First Principles of Government (1768).[72] An early work of modern liberal political theory and Priestley's most thorough treatment of the subject, it—unusually for the time—distinguished political rights from civil rights with precision and argued for expansive civil rights. Priestley identified separate private and public spheres, contending that the government should have control only over the public sphere. Education and religion, in particular, he maintained, were matters of private conscience and should not be administered by the state. Priestley's later radicalism emerged from his belief that the British government was infringing upon these individual freedoms.[73] Priestley also defended the rights of Dissenters against the attacks of William Blackstone, an eminent legal theorist, whose Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765–69) had become the standard legal guide. Blackstone's book stated that dissent from the Church of England was a crime and that Dissenters could not be loyal subjects. Furious, Priestley lashed out with his Remarks on Dr. Blackstone's Commentaries (1769), correcting Blackstone's interpretation of the law, his grammar (a highly politicised subject at the time), and history.[74] Blackstone, chastened, altered subsequent editions of his Commentaries: he rephrased the offending passages and removed the sections claiming that Dissenters could not be loyal subjects, but he retained his description of Dissent as a crime.[75] Natural philosopher: electricity, Optics, and carbonated water [edit] Although Priestley claimed that natural philosophy was only a hobby, he took it seriously. In his History of Electricity, he described the scientist as promoting the "security and happiness of mankind".[76] Priestley's science was eminently practical and he rarely concerned himself with theoretical questions; his model was his close friend, Benjamin Franklin.[77] When he moved to Leeds, Priestley continued his electrical and chemical experiments (the latter aided by a steady supply of carbon dioxide from a neighbouring brewery). Between 1767 and 1770, he presented five papers to the Royal Society from these initial experiments; the first four papers explored coronal discharges and other phenomena related to electrical discharge, while the fifth reported on the conductivity of charcoals from different sources. His subsequent experimental work focused on chemistry and pneumatics.[78] Priestley published the first volume of his projected history of experimental philosophy, The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision, Light and Colours (referred to as his Optics), in 1772.[79] He paid careful attention to the history of optics and presented excellent explanations of early optics experiments, but his mathematical deficiencies caused him to dismiss several important contemporary theories. He followed the (corpuscular) particle theory of light, influenced by the works of Reverend John Rowning and others.[80] Furthermore, he did not include any of the practical sections that had made his History of Electricity so useful to practising natural philosophers. Unlike his History of Electricity, it was not popular and had only one edition, although it was the only English book on the topic for 150 years. The hastily written text sold poorly; the cost of researching, writing, and publishing the Optics convinced Priestley to abandon his history of experimental philosophy.[81] External audio "Fizzy Water", Distillations Podcast Episode 217, Science History Institute Priestley was considered for the position of astronomer on James Cook's second voyage to the South Seas, but was not chosen. Still, he contributed in a small way to the voyage: he provided the crew with a method for making carbonated water, which he erroneously speculated might be a cure for scurvy. He then published a pamphlet with Directions for Impregnating Water with Fixed Air (1772).[82] Priestley did not exploit the commercial potential of carbonated water, but others such as J. J. Schweppe made fortunes from it.[83] For his discovery of carbonated water Priestley has been labelled "the father of the soft drink",[84] with the beverage company Schweppes regarding him as "the father of our industry".[85] In 1773, the Royal Society recognised Priestley's achievements in natural philosophy by awarding him the Copley Medal.[2][86] Priestley's friends wanted to find him a more financially secure position. In 1772, prompted by Richard Price and Benjamin Franklin, Lord Shelburne wrote to Priestley asking him to direct the education of his children and to act as his general assistant. Although Priestley was reluctant to sacrifice his ministry, he accepted the position, resigning from Mill Hill Chapel on 20 December 1772, and preaching his last sermon on 16 May 1773.[87] Calne (1773–1780) [edit] In 1773, the Priestleys moved to Calne in Wiltshire, and a year later Lord Shelburne and Priestley took a tour of Europe. According to Priestley's close friend Theophilus Lindsey, Priestley was "much improved by this view of mankind at large".[89] Upon their return, Priestley easily fulfilled his duties as librarian and tutor. The workload was intentionally light, allowing him time to pursue his scientific investigations and theological interests. Priestley also became a political adviser to Shelburne, gathering information on parliamentary issues and serving as a liaison between Shelburne and the Dissenting and American interests. When the Priestleys' third son was born on 24 May 1777, they named him Henry at the lord's request.[90] Materialist philosopher [edit] Further information: Joseph Priestley and Dissent Priestley wrote his most important philosophical works during his years with Lord Shelburne. In a series of major metaphysical texts published between 1774 and 1780—An Examination of Dr. Reid's Inquiry into the Human Mind (1774), Hartley's Theory of the Human Mind on the Principle of the Association of Ideas (1775), Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit (1777), The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated (1777), and Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever (1780)—he argues for a philosophy that incorporates four concepts: determinism, materialism, causation, and necessitarianism. By studying the natural world, he argued, people would learn how to become more compassionate, happy, and prosperous.[91] Priestley strongly suggested that there is no mind-body duality, and put forth a materialist philosophy in these works; that is, one founded on the principle that everything in the universe is made of matter that we can perceive. He also contended that discussing the soul is impossible because it is made of a divine substance, and humanity cannot perceive the divine. Despite his separation of the divine from the mortal, this position shocked and angered many of his readers, who believed that such a duality was necessary for the soul to exist.[93] Responding to Baron d'Holbach's Système de la Nature (1770) and David Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) as well as the works of the French philosophers, Priestley maintained that materialism and determinism could be reconciled with a belief in God. He criticised those whose faith was shaped by books and fashion, drawing an analogy between the scepticism of educated men and the credulity of the masses.[94] Maintaining that humans had no free will, Priestley argued that what he called "philosophical necessity" (akin to absolute determinism) is consonant with Christianity, a position based on his understanding of the natural world. Like the rest of nature, man's mind is subject to the laws of causation, Priestley contended, but because a benevolent God created these laws, the world and the people in it will eventually be perfected. Evil is therefore only an imperfect understanding of the world.[95] Although Priestley's philosophical work has been characterised as "audacious and original",[11][96] it partakes of older philosophical traditions on the problems of free will, determinism, and materialism.[97] For example, the 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza argued for absolute determinism and absolute materialism.[98] Like Spinoza[99] and Priestley,[100] Leibniz argued that human will was completely determined by natural laws;[101] unlike them, Leibniz argued for a "parallel universe" of immaterial objects (such as human souls) so arranged by God that its outcomes agree exactly with those of the material universe.[102] Leibniz[103] and Priestley[104] share an optimism that God has chosen the chain of events benevolently; however, Priestley believed that the events were leading to a glorious millennial conclusion,[11] whereas for Leibniz the entire chain of events was optimal in and of itself, as compared with other conceivable chains of events.[105] Founder of British Unitarianism [edit] See also: History of Unitarianism When Priestley's friend Theophilus Lindsey decided to found a new Christian denomination that would not restrict its members' beliefs, Priestley and others hurried to his aid. On 17 April 1774, Lindsey held the first Unitarian service in Britain, at the newly formed Essex Street Chapel in London; he had even designed his own liturgy, of which many were critical. Priestley defended his friend in the pamphlet Letter to a Layman, on the Subject of the Rev. Mr. Lindsey's Proposal for a Reformed English Church (1774),[106] claiming that only the form of worship had been altered, not its substance, and attacking those who followed religion as a fashion. Priestley attended Lindsey's church regularly in the 1770s and occasionally preached there.[107] He continued to support institutionalised Unitarianism for the rest of his life, writing several Defenses of Unitarianism and encouraging the foundation of new Unitarian chapels throughout Britain and the United States.[108] Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air [edit] Priestley's years in Calne were the only ones in his life dominated by scientific investigations; they were also the most scientifically fruitful. His experiments were almost entirely confined to "airs", and out of this work emerged his most important scientific texts: the six volumes of Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air (1774–86).[109][110] These experiments helped repudiate the last vestiges of the theory of four elements, which Priestley attempted to replace with his own variation of phlogiston theory. According to that 18th-century theory, the combustion or oxidation of a substance corresponded to the release of a material substance, phlogiston.[111] Priestley's work on "airs" is not easily classified. As historian of science Simon Schaffer writes, it "has been seen as a branch of physics, or chemistry, or natural philosophy, or some highly idiosyncratic version of Priestley's own invention".[112] Furthermore, the volumes were both a scientific and a political enterprise for Priestley, in which he argues that science could destroy "undue and usurped authority" and that government has "reason to tremble even at an air pump or an electrical machine".[113] Volume I of Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air outlined several discoveries: "nitrous air" (nitric oxide, NO); "vapor of spirit of salt", later called "acid air" or "marine acid air" (anhydrous hydrochloric acid, HCl); "alkaline air" (ammonia, NH3); "diminished" or "dephlogisticated nitrous air" (nitrous oxide, N2O); and, most famously, "dephlogisticated air" (oxygen, O2) as well as experimental findings that showed plants revitalised enclosed volumes of air, a discovery that would eventually lead to the discovery of photosynthesis by Jan Ingenhousz. Priestley also developed a "nitrous air test" to determine the "goodness of air". Using a pneumatic trough, he would mix nitrous air with a test sample, over water or mercury, and measure the decrease in volume—the principle of eudiometry.[114] After a small history of the study of airs, he explained his own experiments in an open and sincere style. As an early biographer writes, "whatever he knows or thinks he tells: doubts, perplexities, blunders are set down with the most refreshing candour."[115] Priestley also described his cheap and easy-to-assemble experimental apparatus; his colleagues therefore believed that they could easily reproduce his experiments.[116] Faced with inconsistent experimental results, Priestley employed phlogiston theory. This led him to conclude that there were only three types of "air": "fixed", "alkaline", and "acid". Priestley dismissed the burgeoning chemistry of his day. Instead, he focused on gases and "changes in their sensible properties", as had natural philosophers before him. He isolated carbon monoxide (CO), but apparently did not realise that it was a separate "air".[117] Discovery of oxygen [edit] See also: Wikisource:The Mouse's Petition In August 1774 he isolated an "air" that appeared to be completely new, but he did not have an opportunity to pursue the matter because he was about to tour Europe with Shelburne. While in Paris, Priestley replicated the experiment for others, including French chemist Antoine Lavoisier. After returning to Britain in January 1775, he continued his experiments and discovered "vitriolic acid air" (sulphur dioxide, SO2).[citation needed] In March he wrote to several people regarding the new "air" that he had discovered in August. One of these letters was read aloud to the Royal Society, and a paper outlining the discovery, titled "An Account of further Discoveries in Air", was published in the Society's journal Philosophical Transactions.[118] Priestley called the new substance "dephlogisticated air", which he made in the famous experiment by focusing the sun's rays on a sample of mercuric oxide. He first tested it on mice, who surprised him by surviving quite a while entrapped with the air, and then on himself, writing that it was "five or six times better than common air for the purpose of respiration, inflammation, and, I believe, every other use of common atmospherical air".[119] He had discovered oxygen gas (O2).[citation needed] Priestley assembled his oxygen paper and several others into a second volume of Experiments and Observations on Air, published in 1776. He did not emphasise his discovery of "dephlogisticated air" (leaving it to Part III of the volume) but instead argued in the preface how important such discoveries were to rational religion. His paper narrated the discovery chronologically, relating the long delays between experiments and his initial puzzlements; thus, it is difficult to determine when exactly Priestley "discovered" oxygen.[121] Such dating is significant as both Lavoisier and Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele have strong claims to the discovery of oxygen as well, Scheele having been the first to isolate the gas (although he published after Priestley) and Lavoisier having been the first to describe it as purified "air itself entire without alteration" (that is, the first to explain oxygen without phlogiston theory).[122] In his paper "Observations on Respiration and the Use of the Blood", Priestley was the first to suggest a connection between blood and air, although he did so using phlogiston theory. In typical Priestley fashion, he prefaced the paper with a history of the study of respiration. A year later, clearly influenced by Priestley, Lavoisier was also discussing respiration at the Académie des sciences. Lavoisier's work began the long train of discovery that produced papers on oxygen respiration and culminated in the overthrow of phlogiston theory and the establishment of modern chemistry.[123] Around 1779 Priestley and Shelburne – soon to be the 1st Marquess of Landsdowne – had a rupture, the precise reasons for which remain unclear. Shelburne blamed Priestley's health, while Priestley claimed Shelburne had no further use for him. Some contemporaries speculated that Priestley's outspokenness had hurt Shelburne's political career. Schofield argues that the most likely reason was Shelburne's recent marriage to Louisa Fitzpatrick—apparently, she did not like the Priestleys. Although Priestley considered moving to America, he eventually accepted Birmingham New Meeting's offer to be their minister.[124] Both Priestley and Shelburne's families upheld their Unitarian faith for generations. In December 2013, it was reported that Sir Christopher Bullock—a direct descendant of Shelburne's brother, Thomas Fitzmaurice (MP)—had married his wife, Lady Bullock, née Barbara May Lupton, at London's Unitarian Essex Church in 1917. Barbara Lupton was the second cousin of Olive Middleton, née Lupton, the great-grandmother of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. In 1914, Olive and Noel Middleton had married at Leeds' Mill Hill Chapel, which Priestley, as its minister, had once guided towards Unitarianism.[125] Birmingham (1780–1791) [edit] In 1780 the Priestleys moved to Birmingham and spent a happy decade surrounded by old friends, until they were forced to flee in 1791 by religiously motivated mob violence in what became known as the Priestley Riots. Priestley accepted the ministerial position at New Meeting on the condition that he be required to preach and teach only on Sundays, so that he would have time for his writing and scientific experiments. As in Leeds, Priestley established classes for the youth of his parish and by 1781, he was teaching 150 students. Because Priestley's New Meeting salary was only 100 guineas, friends and patrons donated money and goods to help continue his investigations.[126] He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1782.[127] Chemical Revolution [edit] See also: Chemical Revolution Many of the friends that Priestley made in Birmingham were members of the Lunar Society, a group of manufacturers, inventors, and natural philosophers who assembled monthly to discuss their work. The core of the group included men such as the manufacturer Matthew Boulton, the chemist and geologist James Keir, the inventor and engineer James Watt, and the botanist, chemist, and geologist William Withering. Priestley was asked to join this unique society and contributed much to the work of its members.[128] As a result of this stimulating intellectual environment, he published several important scientific papers, including "Experiments relating to Phlogiston, and the seeming Conversion of Water into Air" (1783). The first part attempts to refute Lavoisier's challenges to his work on oxygen; the second part describes how steam is "converted" into air. After several variations of the experiment, with different substances as fuel and several different collecting apparatuses (which produced different results), he concluded that air could travel through more substances than previously surmised, a conclusion "contrary to all the known principles of hydrostatics".[129] This discovery, along with his earlier work on what would later be recognised as gaseous diffusion, would eventually lead John Dalton and Thomas Graham to formulate the kinetic theory of gases.[130] In 1777, Antoine Lavoisier had written Mémoire sur la combustion en général, the first of what proved to be a series of attacks on phlogiston theory;[131] it was against these attacks that Priestley responded in 1783. While Priestley accepted parts of Lavoisier's theory, he was unprepared to assent to the major revolutions Lavoisier proposed: the overthrow of phlogiston, a chemistry based conceptually on elements and compounds, and a new chemical nomenclature. Priestley's original experiments on "dephlogisticated air" (oxygen), combustion, and water provided Lavoisier with the data he needed to construct much of his system; yet Priestley never accepted Lavoisier's new theories and continued to defend phlogiston theory for the rest of his life. Lavoisier's system was based largely on the quantitative concept that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions (i.e., the conservation of mass). By contrast, Priestley preferred to observe qualitative changes in heat, colour, and particularly volume. His experiments tested "airs" for "their solubility in water, their power of supporting or extinguishing flame, whether they were respirable, how they behaved with acid and alkaline air, and with nitric oxide and inflammable air, and lastly how they were affected by the electric spark."[132] By 1789, when Lavoisier published his Traité Élémentaire de Chimie and founded the Annales de Chimie, the new chemistry had come into its own. Priestley published several more scientific papers in Birmingham, the majority attempting to refute Lavoisier. Priestley and other Lunar Society members argued that the new French system was too expensive, too difficult to test, and unnecessarily complex. Priestley in particular rejected its "establishment" aura. In the end, Lavoisier's view prevailed: his new chemistry introduced many of the principles on which modern chemistry is founded.[133] Priestley's refusal to accept Lavoisier's "new chemistry"—such as the conservation of mass—and his determination to adhere to a less satisfactory theory has perplexed many scholars.[134] Schofield explains it thus: "Priestley was never a chemist; in a modern, and even a Lavoisierian, sense, he was never a scientist. He was a natural philosopher, concerned with the economy of nature and obsessed with an idea of unity, in theology and in nature."[135] Historian of science John McEvoy largely agrees, writing that Priestley's view of nature as coextensive with God and thus infinite, which encouraged him to focus on facts over hypotheses and theories, prompted him to reject Lavoisier's system.[136] McEvoy argues that "Priestley's isolated and lonely opposition to the oxygen theory was a measure of his passionate concern for the principles of intellectual freedom, epistemic equality and critical inquiry."[137] Priestley himself claimed in the last volume of Experiments and Observations that his most valuable works were his theological ones because they were "superior [in] dignity and importance".[138] Defender of English Dissenters and French revolutionaries [edit] Although Priestley spent much of this time defending phlogiston theory from the "new chemists", most of what he published in Birmingham was theological. For example, in 1782, he published the fourth volume of his Institutes, An History of the Corruptions of Christianity, describing how he thought the teachings of the early Christian church had been "corrupted" or distorted.[139] Schofield describes the work as "derivative, disorganized, wordy, and repetitive, detailed, exhaustive, and devastatingly argued".[140] The text addresses issues ranging from the divinity of Christ to the proper form for the Lord's Supper. In 1786, Priestley published its provocatively titled sequel, An History of Early Opinions concerning Jesus Christ, compiled from Original Writers, proving that the Christian Church was at first Unitarian. Thomas Jefferson later wrote of the profound effect that these two books had on him: "I have read his Corruptions of Christianity, and Early Opinions of Jesus, over and over again; and I rest on them ... as the basis of my own faith. These writings have never been answered."[141] Although a few readers such as Jefferson and other Rational Dissenters approved of the work, many others reviewed it harshly because of its extreme theological positions, particularly its rejection of the Trinity.[142] In 1785, while Priestley was engaged in a pamphlet war over Corruptions, he also published The Importance and Extent of Free Enquiry, claiming that the Reformation had not really reformed the church.[143] In words that would boil over into a national debate, he challenged his readers to enact change: Let us not, therefore, be discouraged, though, for the present, we should see no great number of churches professedly unitarian .... We are, as it were, laying gunpowder, grain by grain, under the old building of error and superstition, which a single spark may hereafter inflame, so as to produce an instantaneous explosion; in consequence of which that edifice, the erection of which has been the work of ages, may be overturned in a moment, and so effectually as that the same foundation can never be built upon again ....[144] Although discouraged by friends from using such inflammatory language, Priestley refused to back down from his opinions in print and he included it, forever branding himself as "Gunpowder Joe". After the publication of this seeming call for revolution in the midst of the French Revolution, pamphleteers stepped up their attacks on Priestley and he and his church were even threatened with legal action.[145] In 1787, 1789, and 1790, Dissenters again tried to repeal the Test and Corporation Acts. Although they might have succeeded initially, by 1790, with the fears of revolution looming in Parliament, few were swayed by appeals to equal rights. Political cartoons, one of the most effective and popular media of the time, skewered the Dissenters and Priestley.[146] In Parliament, William Pitt and Edmund Burke argued against the repeal, a betrayal that angered Priestley and his friends, who had expected the two men's support. Priestley wrote a series of Letters to William Pitt[147] and Letters to Burke.[148] Dissenters such as Priestley who supported the French Revolution came under increasing suspicion as scepticism regarding the revolution grew.[149] In its propaganda against "radicals", Pitt's administration used the "gunpowder" statement to argue that Priestley and other Dissenters wanted to overthrow the government. Burke, in his famous Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), tied natural philosophers, and specifically Priestley, to the French Revolution, writing that radicals who supported science in Britain "considered man in their experiments no more than they do mice in an air pump".[150] Burke also associated republican principles with alchemy and insubstantial air, mocking the scientific work done by both Priestley and French chemists. He made much in his later writings of the connections between "Gunpowder Joe", science, and Lavoisier—who was improving gunpowder for the French in their war against Britain.[151] Paradoxically, a secular statesman, Burke, argued against science and maintained that religion should be the basis of civil society, whereas a Dissenting minister, Priestley, argued that religion could not provide the basis for civil society and should be restricted to one's private life.[152] Priestley also supported the campaign to abolish the British slave trade and published a sermon in 1788 in which he declared that nobody treated enslaved people "with so much cruelty as the English".[153] Birmingham riots of 1791 [edit] Main article: Priestley Riots The animus that had been building against Dissenters and supporters of the American and French Revolutions exploded in July 1791. Priestley and several other Dissenters had arranged to have a celebratory dinner on Bastille Day, the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, a provocative action in a country where many disapproved of the French Revolution and feared that it might spread to Britain. Amid fears of violence, Priestley was convinced by his friends not to attend. Rioters gathered outside the hotel during the banquet and attacked the attendees as they left. The rioters moved on to the New Meeting and Old Meeting churches, and burned both to the ground. Priestley and his wife fled from their home; although their son William and others stayed behind to protect their property, the mob overcame them and torched Priestley's house "Fairhill" at Sparkbrook, destroying his valuable laboratory and all of the family's belongings. Twenty-six other Dissenters' homes and three more churches were burned in the three-day riot.[154] Priestley spent several days hiding with friends until he was able to travel safely to London. The carefully executed attacks of the "mob" and the farcical trials of only a handful of the "leaders" convinced many at the time—and modern historians later—that the attacks were planned and condoned by local Birmingham magistrates. When George III was eventually forced to send troops to the area, he said: "I cannot but feel better pleased that Priestley is the sufferer for the doctrines he and his party have instilled, and that the people see them in their true light."[155] Hackney (1791–1794) [edit] Unable to return to Birmingham, the Priestleys eventually settled in Lower Clapton, a district in Hackney, Middlesex[157] where he gave a series of lectures on history and natural philosophy at the Dissenting academy, the New College at Hackney. Friends helped the couple rebuild their lives, contributing money, books, and laboratory equipment. Priestley tried to obtain restitution from the government for the destruction of his Birmingham property, but he was never fully reimbursed.[158] He also published An Appeal to the Public on the Subject of the Riots in Birmingham (1791),[159] which indicted the people of Birmingham for allowing the riots to occur and for "violating the principles of English government".[160] The couple's friends urged them to leave Britain and emigrate to either France or the new United States, even though Priestley had received an appointment to preach for the Gravel Pit Meeting congregation.[161] Priestley was minister between 1793 and 1794 and the sermons he preached there, particularly the two Fast Sermons, reflect his growing millenarianism, his belief that the end of the world was fast approaching. After comparing Biblical prophecies to recent history, Priestley concluded that the French Revolution was a harbinger of the Second Coming of Christ. Priestley's works had always had a millennial cast, but after the beginning of the French Revolution, this strain increased.[162] He wrote to a younger friend that while he himself would not see the Second Coming, his friend "may probably live to see it ... It cannot, I think be more than twenty years [away]."[163] Daily life became more difficult for the family: Priestley was burned in effigy along with Thomas Paine; vicious political cartoons continued to be published about him; letters were sent to him from across the country, comparing him to the devil and Guy Fawkes; tradespeople feared the family's business; and Priestley's Royal Academy friends distanced themselves. As the penalties became harsher for those who spoke out against the government, Priestley examined options for removing himself and his family from England.[citation needed] Joseph Priestley's son William was presented to the French Assembly and granted letters of naturalisation on 8 June 1792.[164] Priestley learned about it from the Morning Chronicle.[165] A decree of 26 August 1792 by the French National Assembly conferred French citizenship on Joseph Priestley and others who had "served the cause of liberty" by their writings.[166] Priestley accepted French citizenship, considering it "the greatest of honours".[167] In the French National Convention election on 5 September 1792, Joseph Priestley was elected to the French National Convention by at least two departments, (Orne and Rhône-et-Loire).[168] He declined the honour, on the grounds that he was not fluent in French.[169] As relations between England and France worsened, a removal to France became impracticable.[170] Following the declaration of war of February 1793, and the Aliens Bill of March 1793, which forbade correspondence or travel between England and France, William Priestley left France for America. Joseph Priestley's sons Harry and Joseph chose to leave England for America in August 1793.[171] Finally Priestley himself followed with his wife, boarding the Sansom at Gravesend on 7 April 1794.[172] Five weeks after Priestley left, William Pitt's administration began arresting radicals for seditious libel, resulting in the famous 1794 Treason Trials.[173] Pennsylvania (1794–1804) [edit] See also: Joseph Priestley House The Priestleys arrived in New York City on 4 June 1794, where they were fêted by various political factions vying for Priestley's endorsement. Priestley declined their entreaties, hoping to avoid political discord in his new country. Before travelling to a new home in the backwoods of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, at Point township (now the Borough of Northumberland), Priestley and his wife lodged in Philadelphia, where he gave a series of sermons which led to the founding of the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia. Priestley turned down an opportunity to teach chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania.[175] Priestley's son Joseph Priestley Jr. was a leading member of a consortium that had purchased 300,000 acres (120,000 ha) of virgin woodland between the forks of Loyalsock Creek. This they intended to lease or sell in 400-acre (160 ha) plots, with payment deferred to seven annual instalments, with interest.[176] His brothers, William and Henry, bought a 284-acre (115 ha) plot of woodland which they attempted to transform into a farm, later called "Fairhill", felling and uprooting trees, and making lime to sweeten the soil by building their own lime kilns.[177] Henry Priestley died 11 December 1795, possibly of malaria which he may have contracted after landing at New York. Mary Priestley's health, already poor, deteriorated further; although William's wife, Margaret Foulke-Priestley, moved in with the couple to nurse Mary 24 hours a day,[178] Mary Priestley died 17 September 1796.[179] Priestley then moved in with his elder son, Joseph Jr., and his wife Elizabeth Ryland-Priestley.[citation needed] Thomas Cooper, whose son, Thomas Jr., was living with the Priestleys, was a frequent visitor.[citation needed] Since his arrival in America, Priestley had continued to defend his Christian Unitarian beliefs; now, falling increasingly under the influence of Thomas Cooper and Elizabeth Ryland-Priestley, he was unable to avoid becoming embroiled in political controversy. In 1798, when, in response to the Pinckney affair, a belligerent President Adams sought to enlarge the navy and mobilise the militia into what Priestley and Cooper saw as a 'standing army', Priestley published an anonymous newspaper article: Maxims of political arithmetic, which attacked Adams, defended free trade, and advocated a form of Jeffersonian isolationism.[182] In the same year, a small package, addressed vaguely: "Dr Priestley in America," was seized by the Royal Navy on board a neutral Danish boat. It was found to contain three letters, one of which was signed by the radical printer John Hurford Stone. These intercepted letters were published in London, and copied in numerous papers in America.[183] One of the letters was addressed to "MBP", with a note: "I inclose a note for our friend MBP—but, as ignorant of the name he bears at present among you, I must beg you to seal and address it." This gave the intercepted letters a tinge of intrigue. Fearful lest they be taken as evidence of him being a 'spy in the interest of France', Priestley sent a clumsy letter to numerous newspaper editors, in which he naively named "MBP" (Member of the British Parliament) as Mr. Benjamin Vaughan, who "like me, thought it necessary to leave England, and for some time is said to have assumed a feigned name."[184] William Cobbett, in his Porcupine's Gazette, 20 August 1798, added that Priestley "has told us who Mr MBP is, and has confirmed me in the opinion of their both being spies in the interest of France."[185] Joseph Priestley Jr. left on a visit to England at Christmas 1798, not returning until August 1800. In his absence, his wife Elizabeth Ryland-Priestley and Thomas Cooper became increasing close, collaborating in numerous political essays.[186] Priestley allowed himself to fall too heavily under Elizabeth and Cooper's influences, even helping hawk a seditious handbill Cooper had printed, around Point township, and across the Susquehanna at Sunbury. In September 1799, William Cobbett printed extracts from this handbill, asserting that: "Dr Priestley has taken great pains to circulate this address, has travelled through the country for the purpose, and is in fact the patron of it." He challenged Priestley to "clear himself of the accusation" or face prosecution."[187] Barely a month later, in November and December 1799, Priestley stepped forward in his own defence, with his Letters to the inhabitants of Northumberland.[188] Priestley's son, William, now living in Philadelphia, was increasingly embarrassed by his father's actions. He confronted his father, expressing John and Benjamin Vaughan's unease, his own wife's concerns about Elizabeth Ryland-Priestley's dietary care,[189] and his own concerns at the closeness of Elizabeth Ryland-Priestley and Thomas Cooper's relationship, and their adverse influence on Dr Priestley; but this only led to a further estrangement between William and his sister-in-law. When, a while later, Priestley's household suffered a bout of food poisoning, perhaps from milk sickness or a bacterial infection, Elizabeth Ryland-Priestley falsely accused William of having poisoned the family's flour. Although this allegation has attracted the attention of some modern historians, it is believed to be without foundation.[190] Priestley continued the educational projects that had always been important to him, helping to establish the "Northumberland Academy" and donating his library to the fledgling institution. He exchanged letters regarding the proper structure of a university with Thomas Jefferson, who used this advice when founding the University of Virginia. Jefferson and Priestley became close, and when the latter had completed his General History of the Christian Church,[191] he dedicated it to President Jefferson, writing that "it is now only that I can say I see nothing to fear from the hand of power, the government under which I live being for the first time truly favourable to me."[192] Priestley tried to continue his scientific investigations in America with the support of the American Philosophical Society, to which he had been previously elected a member in 1785.[193] He was hampered by lack of news from Europe; unaware of the latest scientific developments, Priestley was no longer on the forefront of discovery. Although the majority of his publications focused on defending phlogiston theory, he also did some original work on spontaneous generation and dreams. Despite Priestley's reduced scientific output, his presence stimulated American interest in chemistry.[194] By 1801, Priestley had become so ill that he could no longer write or experiment. He died on the morning of 6 February 1804,[195] aged seventy[196] and was buried at Riverview Cemetery in Northumberland, Pennsylvania.[197] Priestley's epitaph reads: Return unto thy rest, O my soul, for the Lord hath dealt bountifully with thee. I will lay me down in peace and sleep till I awake in the morning of the resurrection.[198] Legacy [edit] By the time he died in 1804, Priestley had been made a member of every major scientific society in the Western world and he had discovered numerous substances.[199] The 19th-century French naturalist George Cuvier, in his eulogy of Priestley, praised his discoveries while at the same time lamenting his refusal to abandon phlogiston theory, calling him "the father of modern chemistry [who] never acknowledged his daughter".[200] Priestley published more than 150 works on topics ranging from political philosophy to education to theology to natural philosophy.[201] He led and inspired British radicals during the 1790s, paved the way for utilitarianism,[202] and helped found Unitarianism.[203] A wide variety of philosophers, scientists, and poets became associationists as a result of his redaction of David Hartley's Observations on Man, including Erasmus Darwin, Coleridge, William Wordsworth, John Stuart Mill, Alexander Bain, and Herbert Spencer.[204] Immanuel Kant praised Priestley in his Critique of Pure Reason (1781), writing that he "knew how to combine his paradoxical teaching with the interests of religion".[11] Indeed, it was Priestley's aim to "put the most 'advanced' Enlightenment ideas into the service of a rationalized though heterodox Christianity, under the guidance of the basic principles of scientific method".[202] Considering the extent of Priestley's influence, relatively little scholarship has been devoted to him. In the early 20th century, Priestley was most often described as a conservative and dogmatic scientist who was nevertheless a political and religious reformer.[205] In a historiographic review essay, historian of science Simon Schaffer describes the two dominant portraits of Priestley: the first depicts him as "a playful innocent" who stumbled across his discoveries; the second portrays him as innocent as well as "warped" for not understanding their implications better. Assessing Priestley's works as a whole has been difficult for scholars because of his wide-ranging interests. His scientific discoveries have usually been divorced from his theological and metaphysical publications to make an analysis of his life and writings easier, but this approach has been challenged recently by scholars such as John McEvoy and Robert Schofield. Although early Priestley scholarship claimed that his theological and metaphysical works were "distractions" and "obstacles" to his scientific work, scholarship published in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s maintained that Priestley's works constituted a unified theory. However, as Schaffer explains, no convincing synthesis of his work has yet been expounded.[206] More recently, in 2001, historian of science Dan Eshet has argued that efforts to create a "synoptic view" have resulted only in a rationalisation of the contradictions in Priestley's thought, because they have been "organized around philosophical categories" and have "separate[d] the producers of scientific ideas from any social conflict".[207] Priestley has been remembered by the towns in which he served as a reforming educator and minister and by the scientific organisations he influenced. Two educational institutions have been named in his honour—Priestley College in Warrington and Joseph Priestley College in Leeds[208] (now part of Leeds City College)—and an asteroid, 5577 Priestley, discovered in 1986 by Duncan Waldron.[209] In Birstall, the Leeds City Square, and in Birmingham, he is memorialised through statues,[210] and plaques commemorating him have been posted in Birmingham, Calne and Warrington.[211] The main undergraduate chemistry laboratories at the University of Leeds were refurbished as part of a £4m refurbishment plan in 2006 and renamed as the Priestley Laboratories in his honour as a prominent chemist from Leeds.[212] In 2016 the University of Huddersfield renamed the building housing its Applied Sciences department as the Joseph Priestley Building, as part of an effort to rename all campus buildings after prominent local figures.[213] Since 1952 Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, has presented the Priestley Award to a "distinguished scientist whose work has contributed to the welfare of humanity".[214] Priestley's work is recognised by a National Historic Chemical Landmark designation for his discovery of oxygen, made on 1 August 1994, at the Priestley House in Northumberland, Penn., by the American Chemical Society. Similar recognition was made on 7 August 2000, at Bowood House in Wiltshire, England.[215] The ACS also awards their highest honour, the Priestley Medal, in his name.[216] Several of his descendants became physicians, including the noted American surgeon James Taggart Priestley II of the Mayo Clinic.[217] Archives [edit] Papers of Joseph Priestley are held at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.[218] Selected works [edit] The Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) A Chart of Biography (1765) Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life (1765) The History and Present State of Electricity (1767) Essay on the First Principles of Government (1768) A New Chart of History (1769) Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion (1772–74) Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air (1774–77) Disquisitions Relating to Matter and Spirit (1777) The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated (1777) Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever (1780) An History of the Corruptions of Christianity (1782) Lectures on History and General Policy (1788) Theological Repository (1770–73, 1784–88) See also [edit] Bibliography of Benjamin Franklin – Many works on Franklin make reference to Priestley List of independent discoveries List of liberal theorists Timeline of hydrogen technologies Citations [edit] Bibliography [edit] Secondary materials Primary materials Lindsay, Jack, ed. Autobiography of Joseph Priestley. Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1970. ISBN 0-8386-7831-9. Miller, Peter N., ed. Priestley: Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-521-42561-1. Passmore, John A., ed. Priestley's Writings on Philosophy, Science and Politics. New York: Collier Books, 1964. Rutt, John T., ed. Collected Theological and Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Priestley. Two vols. London: George Smallfield, 1832. Rutt, John T., ed. Life and Correspondence of Joseph Priestley. Two vols. London: George Smallfield, 1831. Schofield, Robert E., ed. A Scientific Autobiography of Joseph Priestley (1733–1804): Selected Scientific Correspondence. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1966. Links to Priestley's works online "Joseph Priestley". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Joseph Priestley Society Joseph Priestley Online Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine: Comprehensive site with bibliography, links to related sites, images, information on manuscript collections, and other helpful information. Radio 4 program on the discovery of oxygen by the BBC Collection of Priestley images Archived 23 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine at the Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text and Image Works by Joseph Priestley at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Joseph Priestley at the Internet Archive Works by Joseph Priestley at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Short online biographies [edit]
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/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.bps.org.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fstyles%2Fresponsive%2Fpublic%2F328%2F219%2F0%2F2022-04%2FPeople%2520of%2520different%2520ethnic%2520backgrounds%2520meet%2520on%2520a%2520zoom%2520call.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.bps.org.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fstyles%2Fresponsive%2Fpublic%2F328%2F219%2F0%2F2022-04%2FPeople%2520of%2520different%2520ethnic%2520backgrounds%2520meet%2520on%2520a%2520zoom%2520call.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.bps.org.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fstyles%2Fresponsive%2Fpublic%2F328%2F219%2F0%2F2022-04%2FPeople%2520of%2520different%2520ethnic%2520backgrounds%2520meet%2520on%2520a%2520zoom%2520call.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Championing psychology since 1901, we represent and promote psychology, psychologists and the wider psychological professions. Our membership is diverse, but we all share a passion for psychology.	en	/apple-touch-icon.png	BPS	https://www.bps.org.uk/node/2418	The British Psychological Society Championing psychology since 1901, we represent and promote psychology, psychologists and the wider psychological professions. Our membership is diverse, but we all share a passion for psychology and the impact it has on individuals and society.
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"https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/search-close-icon-dark.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/search-bar-icon.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/arrow-right-icon-dark-small.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/arrow-right-icon-dark-small.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/media/m54kb0up/davy-mccracken.jpg?width=680&height=547&mode=max", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/arrow-right-icon-white-small.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/arrow-right-icon-white-small.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/arrow-right-icon-white-small.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/arrow-right-icon-white-small.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/sruc-logo-white.svg", "https://www.sruc.ac.uk/assets/images/arrow-down-icon-white-large.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Professor Davy McCracken, agricultural ecologist and Head of SRUC’s Hill & Mountain Research Centre and Integrated Land Management Department, has been made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.	en	/assets/images/apple-touch-icon.png		https://www.sruc.ac.uk/all-news/sruc-professor-named-royal-society-fellow/	Professor Davy McCracken is among 91 people to be named as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh this year. Professor Davy McCracken has been made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. The agricultural ecologist, Head of SRUC’s Hill & Mountain Research Centre and Integrated Land Management Department, is among 91 names from science, arts, business, sports, civil society and academia to be named in the 2023 intake by Scotland’s National Academy. The RSE’s current Fellowship of around 1,800 Fellows is made up of some of the greatest thinkers, researchers and practitioners working in or with Scotland today, and this year’s intake recognises the outstanding contribution from those based in the Highlands and Islands. Prof McCracken has provided advice and guidance on agricultural and agri-environmental policy development to a wide range of national and international governments and NGO committees, including ongoing development of both Scotland’s new agricultural support policy and future biodiversity strategy. He is a great addition to the Fellowship as a scholar heavily involved in knowledge exchange through media and events on land management across regional Scotland. He said: “I believe strongly that the results of research can only ever be translated into effective management on the ground if those findings are made available in a variety of ways that ensure they are understandable by different audiences. Engaging in knowledge exchange has been a major focus throughout my career and I am delighted that the RSE has recognised the importance of that in addition to my academic achievements.” Professor Sir John Ball, President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, said: “It is a great privilege to welcome our new Fellows – they represent outstanding commitment and achievement at the highest level across a diverse range of sectors. From scientific advancement that changes lives to leading business innovation recognised across the world, the RSE welcomes the best minds to harness their unique insight and make knowledge useful for the greater good.” He added: “Harnessing our Fellows’ talents and ideas allows us to mobilise a wide range of expertise to tackle some of the most complex challenges society faces. In welcoming our new Fellows, I look forward to seeing the positive effect they will have on society in Scotland and beyond.” Posted by SRUC on 21/03/2023
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https://aberdeenbusinessnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Rosebank-300x214.jpg 300w", "https://aberdeenbusinessnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/oil-rig.jpg 700w, https://aberdeenbusinessnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/oil-rig-300x214.jpg 300w, https://aberdeenbusinessnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/oil-rig-120x86.jpg 120w, https://aberdeenbusinessnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/oil-rig-350x250.jpg 350w" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Editorial Team" ]	2023-03-22T11:20:00+00:00	FOUR academics from the University of Aberdeen, including Principal and Vice-Chancellor Professor George Boyne, have been elected to become Fellows of the	en	https://aberdeenbusiness…N_Icon-48x48.png	Aberdeen Business News	https://aberdeenbusinessnews.co.uk/aberdeen-academics-elected-to-the-royal-society-of-edinburgh/	FOUR academics from the University of Aberdeen, including Principal and Vice-Chancellor Professor George Boyne, have been elected to become Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE). Professors George Boyne, Clare Bond, Alison Lumsden and Javier Martin-Torres have all been named among the 91 individuals making up the 2023 intake of fellows. They will be joining the RSE’s current Fellowship, which comprises 1,800 people recognised as being some of the greatest thinkers, researchers and practitioners in their field working in or with organisations in Scotland today. Professor Boyne became Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen in 2018. Professor Boyne is Chair of the University Senate, a member of the University Court and a member of the Board of the University’s Development Trust. His external roles include Chair of Universities and Colleges Employers Association (UCEA), Convenor of Universities Scotland Funding Policy Group, member of the Board of Opportunity North East, and member of the Aberdeen City Deal Joint Committee. Professor Boyne said: “It is a huge honour to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. I look forward to working with the RSE and playing my part to help the Society to continue with its mission – the deployment of knowledge for public good.” Professor Bond is a leading Earth Scientist who is Chief Scientist for the NERC-led UKRI Carbon Storage Research Facility, as well as Director of Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS). She commented: “I am honoured to be announced as a Fellow of the RSE, and look forward to working with the Fellowship to make a positive impact in Scotland and the World. The RSE has a long history of advancing learning and making knowledge useful; with a contemporary view I am looking forward to engaging with the RSE’s work on diversity in science and the arts, and in sciences contribution to Net Zero.” Professor Javier Martín-Torres heads the University of Aberdeen’s Planetary Science Group which is focused on the study of Earth and planetary atmospheres and the development of instruments for Earth and planetary exploration. He said: “I am extremely honoured and privileged to have been selected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. The RSE has been a bastion of excellence and innovation since its inception and is a testament to the outstanding achievements of the many talented individuals it has recognized. I am deeply grateful to have the opportunity to collaborate with the Society’s distinguished members, who are the leading minds in their respective fields. The Fellowship provides a platform to strengthen my research networks, share ideas and collaborate with other Fellows to expand the boundaries of knowledge and innovation. I am truly humbled to be a part of this prestigious organization.” Professor Alison Lumsden is Regius Chair of English Literature and also co-director of the University of Aberdeen’s Walter Scott Research Centre, which exists to promote all aspects of research on Walter Scott. Professor Lumsden said: “I am delighted to be named a new fellow of RSE. It is an honour to join this organisation which supports and values the immense contribution to knowledge that Scotland has made in the past and continues to make in the present. I am particulary pleased given that Walter Scott, who I have worked on throughout my career, was a President of the RSE and a long-term fellow.” Professor Marion Campbell, Vice-Principal (Research) said: “I would like to take this opportunity to offer my congratulations to George, Clare, Alison and Javier. It is a tremendous honour to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and all four richly deserve this recognition for their outstanding achievements in their respective fields.”
4591	dbpedia	3	59	https://naturespaceuk.com/patrick-macdonald-elected-as-fellow-of-the-royal-society-of-edinburgh/	en	Patrick Macdonald elected as Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh	https://naturespaceuk.co…ck-Macdonald.jpg	https://naturespaceuk.co…ck-Macdonald.jpg	[ "https://naturespaceuk.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/naturespace-logo.svg", "https://naturespaceuk.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/naturespace-logo.svg", "https://naturespaceuk.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/images/logo-cookieyes.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "NatureSpace Partnership" ]	2024-04-09T09:44:26+00:00	We are delighted to bathe in the reflected glory of one of our Board members, Patrick Macdonald, today being elected Read More	en	https://naturespaceuk.co…e-icon-32x32.png	NatureSpace Partnership	https://naturespaceuk.com/patrick-macdonald-elected-as-fellow-of-the-royal-society-of-edinburgh/	We are delighted to bathe in the reflected glory of one of our Board members, Patrick Macdonald, today being elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). The RSE is Scotland’s national academy with a Fellowship of 1,800 drawn from the sciences, arts, business, professions and the third and public sectors – it plays a leading part in advising policymakers, inspiring innovators and helping tackle the most pressing issues of the day. Patrick said “I’m honoured to join the RSE and its fantastic group of Fellows whose expertise, understanding and knowledge contribute so much to social and economic wellbeing both nationally and internationally. I look forward to playing my full part in its influential and important work.” NatureSpace CEO Tom Tew congratulated Patrick: “Patrick has been one of our NEDs right from the formation of NatureSpace in 2018, knowing the depth and quality of his engagement with us, for which we are tremendously grateful, and the breadth of his professional and charitable contributions over his career, it is a delight, but no surprise, to see him being honoured in this way.”
4591	dbpedia	1	40	https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Milne/	en	MacTutor History of Mathematics	https://mathshistory.st-…ne/thumbnail.jpg	https://mathshistory.st-…ne/thumbnail.jpg	[ "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/static/img/logo.png", "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Milne/thumbnail.jpg", "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/static/img/st-andrews-logo.png?h=e46f195e" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Arthur Milne was an English mathematician and astrophysicist who worked on the structure of stars and developed an alternative to the theory of relativity.	en	../../static/img/favicon.gif	Maths History	https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Milne/	Biography Arthur Milne was born in Hull where his father, Sidney Milne, was the headmaster of a Church of England school. His mother, Edith Cockcroft, was also a teacher. Arthur was the oldest of his parents' three children, all boys, all of whom became scientists. The family moved to Hessle, near Hull, when Arthur was nine years old. Before this he had been attending his father's school. Milne attended Hymers College (an endowed school) in Hull for his secondary schooling and from there he won an open scholarship in mathematics and natural science to study at Trinity College, Cambridge. It was a remarkable achievement for not only did he win this scholarship in 1914, he gained the largest number of marks which had ever been awarded in the examination. At Cambridge, in the eighteen months during which he studied there, he was inspired by Chapman and Hardy. Milne's defective eyesight prevented him from active service in World War I. However, in 1916 he joined a team working on ballistics at the Anti-Aircraft Section. Meg Weston Smith writes in [11]:- In 1916 he abandoned his studies to join an innovative research team examining the behaviour of shells, fuses etc. Beyond producing the relevant mathematics, he flew in early aircraft, hanging over the wing to take readings of temperature and pressure, and he supervised the eminent statistician Karl Pearson in drawing up new firing tables, based on the team's findings, which were issued throughout the armed services. Milne also increased the understanding of wind and sound, in the course of refining the huge binaural listening trumpets which detected aircraft at night. Under the team's leader A V Hill, and R H Fowler (with whom Milne later collaborated) Milne received a marvellous training in how to do research. Thus his three years with the team probably ranked equally in importance in his education with his one and half year's at Cambridge. In 1919 Milne returned to Cambridge but not with the intention of either completing his undergraduate degree or of studying for a doctorate. Elected a Fellow of Trinity College shortly after he came back to Cambridge, Milne was appointed assistant director of the Solar Physics Observatory in Cambridge in 1920. He worked there under its director H F Newell who suggested that he turn his attention to work on stellar atmospheres. Milne's work on the atmospheres of stars extended work done earlier by Schuster in 1905 and by Schwarzschild in 1906. Schuster had studied the transfer of radiation where it was assumed that no absorption was taking place in the atmosphere, while Schwarzschild studied equilibrium states for radiation in an absorbing atmosphere. Milne combined the two approaches and came up with an integral equation of great mathematical interest which is now known as Milne's integral equation. In 1922 Milne won a Smith's Prize at Cambridge for an essay on the darkening of the limb of a stellar disk. He calculated the amount of darkening of the limb resulting from a given energy distribution in the star's spectrum, and compared his theoretical results with the known values for the sun. He then studied the inverse problem of deducing the energy distribution in a star's spectrum from the limb darkening. We mentioned above that Milne collaborated with R H Fowler; they cooperated in 1923 in studying absorption lines in stellar spectra. Sydney Chapman resigned as Beyer professor of applied mathematics at Manchester in 1924 in order to take up the chair of mathematics at Imperial College London. Milne was appointed to succeed Chapman as Beyer professor of applied mathematics at Manchester, taking up the post in 1925. While at Manchester he continued his research into radiative equilibrium and the structure of stellar atmospheres, and his work on these topics led to his election to a Fellowship of the Royal Society. In 1928 he accepted the Rouse Ball Chair at Oxford, becoming the first holder when he took up the appointment in January 1929. His Royal Society Bakerian lecture in 1929 on The Structure and Opacity of a Stellar Atmosphere marks the end of his research into this topic. In 1928 Milne married Margaret Campbell. They had two daughters and one son, but tragically his wife died during the birth of the son. He married again in 1940, this time to Beatrice Brevoort Renwick from New York. This second marriage produced one daughter but sadly his wife died five years after the marriage. From around the time that Milne took up the Rouse Ball Chair at Oxford, he moved on to another research topic, this time studying the structure of stars. The main thrust of his work on this topic was to give different ideas to those of Eddington. Whitrow writes in [1]:- Although much of Milne's criticism of Eddington's work has not been generally accepted, his methods led to important developments ... After about three years concentrating on a mathematical theory of stellar structure, Milne turned his attention to cosmology. He developed a new form of relativity called kinematic relativity, an alternative to Einstein's general theory of relativity, which also met with considerable opposition. However, his work made people rethink old ideas and led to new approaches to the fundamental concepts of space and time. Milne's books include Thermodynamics of the Stars (1930) which contains material relating to his Smith's Prize essay discussed above, Relativity, Gravitation and World-Structure (1935), and Kinematic Relativity (1948). These were all scholarly texts written for his fellow academics and, unlike most of the other famous astronomers of his time, he wrote no texts intended for the general public. Milne received many honours during his career. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1926 and invited to give its Bakerian lecture in 1929. In 1941 Milne was awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Society:- ... for his researches on the atmosphere of the Earth and the sun, on the internal constitution of the stars, and on the theory of relativity. He was President of the Royal Astronomical Society from 1943 to 1945 having been awarded the Society's gold medal in 1935. Milne's abilities and style as a lecturer and author are described in [2]:- He was notably gifted with the power of lucid expression in speech and writing, and it was highly interesting to see and hear him threading his way with surety through the steps of a complex argument. But complementary to his breadth of view was an intense interest in detail, which sometimes for his hearers obscured the main lines of his exposition. As to Milne's character Whitrow writes in [1]:- Small in stature, Milne had outstanding qualities of mind and was a continual fount of inspiration to others as well as himself. ... Milne had the humility and simplicity of character that often goes with scientific genius, and he bore personal misfortunes with courage, dignity, and religious conviction. In [2] he is described as:- ... very human, sharing in the delights of home and family, of meals, and of social ceremony. His happiness depended greatly on the good will and approval of his scientific colleagues; in spite of his unmistakable brilliance and achievement, in moments of depression he was sorely tried by a sense of inadequacy. As a young man Milne had suffered from encephalitis lethargica. This was a type of inflammation which swept across Europe in an epidemic after World War I. Milne contracted the disease in 1924, and had made a good recovery by 1925. Usually associated with the disease there are Parkinson type symptoms which appear later in life, and this was so with Milne, in whom the after effects appeared around 1945. He suffered another tragedy in this same year when his second wife Beatrice died. Milne died from a heart attack in Dublin while attending a conference of the Royal Astronomical Society.
4591	dbpedia	2	15	https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14797/	en	New Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows announced	https://www.abdn.ac.uk/a…avicon-32x32.png	https://www.abdn.ac.uk/a…avicon-32x32.png	[ "https://www.abdn.ac.uk/abdn-design-system/releases/1.6.3/dist/images/layout/UoA_Primary_Logo_RGB_2018.png?v=1719845598", "https://www.abdn.ac.uk/img/450x/news/images/RSE_logo.jpg", "https://www.abdn.ac.uk/global/images/layout/UoA_Primary_Logo_RGB_2018.png", "https://www.abdn.ac.uk/img/460x/news/images/RSE_logo.jpg", "https://www.abdn.ac.uk/abdn-design-system/releases/1.6.3/dist/images/layout/UoA_Landscape_Logo_RGB_REVERSE_2018.png?v=1719845598" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "University of Aberdeen" ]	2021-03-30T00:00:00	Two academics from the University of Aberdeen are among 87 individuals who have been elected to become Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE).	en	/abdn-design-system/releases/1.6.3/dist/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png		https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14797/	Two academics from the University of Aberdeen are among 87 individuals who have been elected to become Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE). Professor Neil Vargesson, Chair in Developmental Biology, and Professor John Swinton, Chair in Divinity and Religious Studies, have been confirmed as new Fellows of the society. Professor Vargesson’s research specialisms include cell and developmental biology, genetics and toxicology with a focus on understanding the risks and mechanisms of the pregnancy-related drugs, Thalidomide and Primodos, which caused birth defects in thousands of babies. His research has led to requests for scientific advice from major organisations such as the World Health Organisation, influenced changes in international government policy and resulted in compensation and recognition for hundreds of survivors affected by Thalidomide around the world. He also regularly discusses his research with national and international media, patient support networks and the general public. Professor Vargesson said: “I am honoured to have been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy. To be part of the Society with its prestigious history is flattering and I remain extremely grateful and fortunate to have worked for and with so many talented colleagues and staff. I am very much looking forward to helping and working with the Society to continue its fantastic work.” Professor Swinton’s research is founded on his background in mental health nursing and healthcare chaplaincy and he has a particular interest in multidisciplinary education and research within the areas of practical theology, pastoral care, dementia mental health studies, disability theology, chaplaincy and nursing. He is currently the convenor of the Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Group within the national Church of Scotland. Last year, Professor Swinton received the Lanfranc Award for Education and Scholarship from the Archbishop of Canterbury which recognised his outstanding contribution to practical theology, particularly in the area of disability. Professor Swinton commented: “I am delighted to have been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. I feel honoured and humbled and look forward to playing a positive role in the work of the Society over the coming years.” The new intake of 87 fellows join the current roll of around 1,600, representing the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Those who are nominated, and then invited to join, have undergone rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and societal contribution. Fellows, who give freely of their time, play a fundamental role in enabling the RSE to deliver its mission ‘Knowledge Made Useful’, contributing to the cultural, economic and social wellbeing of Scotland and the wider world. Professor Dame Anne Glover, President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh said: “As Scotland’s national academy we recognise excellence across a diverse range of expertise and experience, and its effect on Scottish society. This impact is particularly clear this year in the latest cohort of new Fellows which includes scientists who are pioneering the way we approach the coronavirus; those from the arts who have provided the rich cultural experience we have all been missing, and some who have demonstrated strong leadership in guiding their organisations and communities through this extraordinary time. “Through uniting these great minds from different walks of life, we can discover creative solutions to some of the most complex issues that Scotland faces. A warm welcome is extended to all of our new Fellows.”
4591	dbpedia	1	17	http://www.aboutorkney.com/biography/balfour-stewart-m-a-ll-d-f-r-s/	en	Balfour Stewart M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.	https://www.aboutorkney.…long01-32x32.jpg	https://www.aboutorkney.…long01-32x32.jpg	[ "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cropped-Ring-of-Brodgar-header-cropped.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/bStewart0.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20231201_133127-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/House-Breaking-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/William-Leask-resized-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Harray-binder-resized-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Michael-Faraday-1-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/img20210326_16354641-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Aerial-view-resized-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Dragon-re-sized-300x180.jpg", "https://www.aboutorkney.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Northern-Garrisons-300x180.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2017-10-13T14:04:57+00:00	The Royal Society of London was founded more than 350 years ago, in November 1660, “to assist and promote the accumulation of useful knowledge”. It is still active today and Bill Bryson, in the book he edited about the Society, ‘Seeing Further, The Story of Science & The Royal Society’, describes it as not only […]	en	https://www.aboutorkney.…long01-32x32.jpg	Orkney Tour designed for you by an Orcadian	http://www.aboutorkney.com/biography/balfour-stewart-m-a-ll-d-f-r-s/	Born: Edinburgh, 01/11/1828 Died: Ballymagarvey, 19/12/1887 Father: William Stewart of Burness Mother: Jane Clouston Married: Katherine Stevens Children: Charles, William, Jane The Royal Society of London was founded more than 350 years ago, in November 1660, “to assist and promote the accumulation of useful knowledge”. It is still active today and Bill Bryson, in the book he edited about the Society, ‘Seeing Further, The Story of Science & The Royal Society’, describes it as not only the most venerable learned society in the world but the finest club. Balfour Stewart was born in Edinburgh but his pedigree is impeccably Orcadian. His father was a younger son of the Stewarts of Brugh in Westray and his mother was a daughter of William Clouston, minister of Stromness and Sandwick and author of the fascinatingly detailed record of his parishes in the Statistical Account of Scotland. William Stewart was a tea merchant in Leith but Balfour is recorded as going to school in Dundee and briefly attending St Andrews University before matriculating at Edinburgh University in 1844 when still not quite sixteen. He spent two years there but, for reasons that are unclear, he left without completing his degree and was apprenticed to his cousin James Balfour, a merchant in Leith. After seven years there he went to Australia with James but returned as a scientist just eighteen months later. While in Australia he had presented two papers to the Philosophical Society of Victoria, on the effect of gravity on the physical appearance of the moon and on the adaptation of the eyes to the rays which emanate from bodies. According to the Dictionary of National Biography these papers were published in 1855 but, according to the Edinburgh University records, he returned to his studies that same year. His student career is altogether puzzling as, on the recommendation of his professor, James David Forbes, he was taken on as an assistant observer at the Kew Observatory in February 1856 but went back to university in October and graduated in April 1857. After graduation, Stewart became an assistant to JD Forbes, lecturing on mathematics and mechanics and joining him in his study of heat. He made the important discovery that radiation isn’t just a surface phenomenon but passes through the interior of the radiating body. He also established that an object must absorb and radiate energy of the same length. This was important in the development of spectrum analysis. However, after just two years Balfour Stewart was back at Kew, this time as its Director. Kew Observatory had been built to allow George III to observe the transit of Venus in 1769 and was then leased to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, to be used in the study of the physical sciences. The Association had been founded in 1831, to combat what its founders saw as the decline of science due to the elitism of the Royal Society and the unprofessional status of scientific practitioners. The Society held its AGM in a different town or city every year and formed various committees to report on recent developments in different scientific fields. The Kew Committee was one of these. When Stewart left after his first brief employment, the Committee minuted their regret at his departure and added, “The Committee refer with pleasure to an ingenious thermometer devised by Mr. Stewart, in which advantage has been taken of the difference of capillary force and friction in two tubes of different capacity connected with the same bulb, to measure the sum of the fluctuations of temperature. The instrument has been made at the expense of the Committee; a description of it has been communicated by Mr. Stewart to the Royal Society and is printed in its “Proceedings.”” He clearly made quite an impression, to be offered the post of Director while still only thirty. He had maintained a connection with Kew, according to Katherine Anderson in ‘Predicting the Weather: Victorians and the Science of Meteorology’, working on a survey of terrestrial magnetism with the director, John Welsh, whose death led to Balfour Stewart’s appointment. The unique self-recording magnetographs at Kew measured the declination and horizontal and vertical intensity of the earth’s magnetic elements. The Observatory staff had to make their own photographic paper, replace it every 24 hours, develop the photographs, and make copies if necessary. The Kew Observatory also had a heliograph, with which they made a detailed study of the sun. Stewart’s arrival at Kew was greeted by the most powerful solar storm ever recorded. The astronomer Richard Carrington is credited with the first recording of a super flare, on 1 September 1859, but Stewart had recorded one four days earlier, which he described in a paper presented to the Royal Society on 21 November http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org It took only eighteen hours to reach the Earth and seriously affected the telegraph system. Stewart’s study of the 1859 storm led him to suggest a connection between solar behaviour and terrestrial phenomena. Stewart published the first paper to suggest the presence of an electrified atmospheric layer. This was later named the ionosphere by Robert Watson Watt, the ‘father of radar’ who had been taught physics at Dundee University by Professor William Peddie, son of the Free Church minister in Papa Westray. Edinburgh University’s Meteorology Department recognised his work on the earth’s magnetic field in the name of its Balfour Stewart Auroral Laboratory which studied aurora and noctilucent cloud from 1947 to 1980. In the second half of the 19th Century, the need for accurate scientific instruments increased rapidly. More and more scientists and explorers needed reliable instruments if their work was to have any value. Stewart led Kew to become the national centre for the standardisation of thermometers, sextants and other meteorological instruments. During his time at Kew the number of instruments being verified increased sharply, over 1000 thermometers in some years. They standardised and tested thermometers, sextants, dipping needles, and other instruments for meteorological or magnetic work. Instruments were sent overseas: a dip circle and azimuth compass to Dr Livingstone and instruments to Alexander Strange, grandson of Sir Robert Strange from Kirkwall, who was working on the great triangulation of India. In 1862 Stewart was made a member of the Royal Society. When a name is put forward, members of the Society can support the proposal, either from general knowledge of the proposed member or from personal knowledge. Those with general knowledge included the astronomer JFW Herschel and Andrew Scott Waugh, the Surveyor General of India, but there is a longer list of members with personal knowledge. These include JD Forbes, Richard Carrington, Charles Wheatstone, inventor of the Wheatstone bridge, and Admiral Robert Fitzroy, ex-captain of the Beagle but one name stands out from all the rest, Michael Faraday. In 1868 Stewart was awarded the Royal Society’s Rumford Medal for his discoveries in the radiation of heat, having published a widely-read treatise on the subject two years earlier. The Rumford Medal is awarded for outstandingly important discoveries in the field of thermal or optical properties. It was established by Benjamin Thompson, known as Count Rumford, who founded the Royal Institution and appointed architect and geologist Thomas Webster from Papa Westray as the clerk of works. Balfour Stewart is in good company: other recipients of the medal include Humphrey Davy, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, Ernest Rutherford and Frank Whittle. In January 1867 Balfour was appointed secretary to the newly formed government Meteorological Committee. It had been set up to oversee the operation of the Meteorological Department (later the Met Office). One of the first actions of the Committee was to set up a network of autographic (producing continuous traces of the meteorological elements) weather stations around the UK. They were to be at Kew, Falmouth, Stonyhurst, Armagh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. Valentia in south-west Ireland was added in 1868. Kew Observatory was to be the lead station, and the autographic instruments were to be built there by the mechanic, Richard Beckley, under Stewart’s direction. Stewart visited several of the sites and by August 1867 he was able to report to the Committee that the anemographs, recording wind speed, were ready and the other instruments would be ready in a few days. All the observatories were ready by August 1868. Stewart provided lengthy and detailed reports on the state and performance of the instruments to the Met Committee. In the next two years he supervised the installation of meteorological stations all over the country but resigned from the committee in 1869 and left Kew the following year, to move on to the last phase of his remarkable career. Owens College was founded in Manchester in 1851, the year of the Great Exhibition. Textile merchant John Owens had left enough money to found a college for young men but it wasn’t a success at first because the self-made industrialists of the town didn’t see any advantage in sending their sons to college. Then, as the Victorian Age gathered steam, the importance of science to the development of industry became apparent. In ‘Cottonopolis’ the usefulness of chemistry in the production of dyes was already recognised and Henry Roscoe, (grandson of William Roscoe, friend of Professor Thomas Stewart Traill and subject of essay by Washington Irving) professor of Chemistry at the college, insisted that it was impossible to be a useful chemist without understanding the basic principles. Owens College developed the best school of chemistry in the country but by 1870 the college wanted to improve its provision in other sciences. Roscoe invited Balfour Stewart, who had already published papers on astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, mathematics and physics, to apply for the soon-to-be-vacant position at the head of the physics department. Roscoe had suggested there should be chairs in experimental physics and applied mathematics but Stewart wrote to him in June 1870, “I do not think the division of the subject into applied mathematics and Experimental Physics a good one for Natural Philosophy without experiment is merely a mathematical exercise while experiment without mathematics will neither sufficiently discipline the mind nor sufficiently extend our knowledge in a subject like Physics.” He described how the proposed new physical laboratory would be used. ” The Physical Laboratory would not only be used in experimental illustrations of certain laws enunciated in the lectures but I think that some observational and also some experimental research ought always to be going on in order that the more advanced students should be brought into contact with nature. Then they ought to be taught the use of the various instruments and set to devise and work out experiments. They ought also to be taught the philosophy of experiment. 1. To pay attention to and evaluate all sources of error giving due weight to each and dismissing those that ought to be disregarded (thus it is a very common mistake to give inordinate importance to some utterly useless refinement) 2. To pay strict attention to [natural] phenomena as something new 3. To reach the legitimate conclusion from an experiment no more and no less.” Unfortunately, in November 1870 Balfour Stewart was involved in a serious train crash. His thigh was crushed in an accident at Harrow and he was bed-ridden for nine months. He was never the same man again; although only forty-two he described himself as having passed from vigorous activity to grey-headed old age. However, he was far from done yet, some of his most important contributions to physics were still to come. Under Balfour Stewart the physics department became one of the first in the country to teach its students how to conduct experiments and it developed into the world-class facility it was to remain. Stewart’s successors in Manchester include Ernest Rutherford and Brian Cox. The universities of the time were slow to recognise the importance of the teaching of experimental science. Bertrand Russell, in The Scientific Outlook in 1931 claimed that when it was proposed to establish laboratories at Cambridge the mathematician Isaac Todhunter objected that it was unnecessary for students to see experiments performed, since the results could be vouched for by their teachers, all of them of the highest character, and many of them clergymen of the Church of England. In the long run, Stewart’s teaching methods were vindicated in the most spectacular way possible: two of his students won the Nobel prize for physics. Sir Joseph John Thomson, known as JJ Thomson, was awarded his prize in 1906, for the discovery of the electron and investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases. James Navarro in ‘A History of the Electron: J.J. and G.P. Thomson’, 2012 is the latest writer to note the profound effect Balfour Stewart had on JJ Thomson’s career. “But as some historians have emphasised, it was Balfour Stewart who probably most influenced Thomson at Owens College. On the one hand, he introduced J.J. to Maxwell’s recent Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, arousing his interest in this science. On the other hand, Stewart was passionate about teaching in the laboratory, and he brought Thomson into hands-on practical research. They spent long hours together, engaged in laboratory work, trying for instance, to detect a change of weight in chemical reactions. Although Stewart was formally a professor of physics, his research topics were at the boundary between physics and chemistry, which contributed to Thomson’s idea that both disciplines were part of a bigger whole. For example, Stewart organised practical courses for three kinds of students, including those “who wish to confine themselves to those branches of Physics most allied to Chemistry”. In his study of Thomson’s inclination towards chemistry , Sinclair emphasised that Stewart’s ideas on the conservation of energy, the constitution of matter, the nature of the aether and of the atoms, etc, were extremely influential on J.J., which explains that he always saw many physical problems “in something of a chemical light”.” JJ Thomson came to Owens College in 1870, the same year as Balfour Stewart, when he was just fourteen. Six years later he went to Cambridge and stayed there, becoming Cavendish Professor of Physics. He was in his turn a gifted teacher, seven of his research students and his son won Nobel Prizes, so it could be said that Stewart’s influence spread far and wide. Charles Thomson Rees Wilson was awarded his Nobel Prize in 1927, for the invention of the cloud chamber, which can detect particles. He went to Owens College in 1884 aiming to become a doctor and Stewart is credited with playing a large part in leading him into physics and meteorology instead. Time he later spent working at the Ben Nevis Observatory with RT Omand, son of Robert Omand, surgeon from Kirkwall, and grandson of Thomas Stewart Traill helped to provide the inspiration for his invention. Owens College students sat the examinations set by University College, London but these became less and less suitable. In July 1877 a delegation from the College, including Balfour Stewart and Henry Roscoe, presented a memorial to the president of the Privy Council proposing that they should become a university. Other northern colleges objected strenuously and a compromise was reached: a federal university. Liverpool and Leeds joined Manchester in the Victoria University but by 1903 they had gone their separate ways and the University of Manchester was established. Balfour Stewart was an active member of the British Association of the Advancement of Science and in 1875 he was President of the Mathematical and Physical Science Section. Although he had left the Kew Observatory seven years earlier, his presidential address, which can be read online, was largely concerned with solar research and the sun’s effect on the earth. He remarked on how two branches of science, physics and chemistry, meet in solar research and went on, “Why should we not erect a sort of science exchange into which the physicist, the chemist, and the geologist may each carry the fruits of his research, receiving back in return some suggestion, some principle, or some other scientific commodity that will aid him in his own field.” Remarkably he went on to mention another scientist with strong Orcadian connections. Alexander Strange had become a member of the Royal Society and the BAAS when he came back from triangulating India and, as Stewart reminded his audience, at the Norwich meeting in 1868 he had begun a movement which resulted in the appointment of a Royal Commission on the advancement of science, chaired by the Duke of Devonshire. One of the recommendations of the Committee stated “Important classes of phenomena relating to physical meteorology and to terrestrial and astronomical physics require observations of such a character that they cannot be advantageously carried on otherwise than under the direction of Government. Institutions for the study of such phenomena should be maintained by the Government; and in particular an observatory should be founded specially devoted to astronomical physics.” As Stewart went on to say, the burden on amateur meteorologists was intolerable, “expected to furnish their tale of bricks, they have been left to find their own straw.” Stewart concluded his address by predicting that a great generalisation was looming, a mighty law that would involve facts hitherto inexplicable. “If Governments would understand the ultimate material advantages of every step forward in science, however inapplicable each may appear for the moment to the wants or pleasures of ordinary life, they would find reasons, patent to the meanest capacity, for bringing the wealth of mind, now lost on the drudgery of common labours, to bear on the search for those wondrous laws which govern every movement, not only of the mighty masses of our system, but of every atom distributed throughout space.” The Association formed committees to investigate various scientific subjects and Balfour Stewart’s name appears in exalted company. His interest in energy and heat was shared by men who have come to be regarded as some of the greatest scientists in history. In 1869 Stewart was appointed to a five-man committee to investigate the mechanical equivalence of heat. The other members were Peter Guthrie Tait, professor of natural philosophy at Edinburgh, James Prescott Joule, William Thomson, the future Lord Kelvin, and James Clerk Maxwell. At the meeting in Edinburgh in 1871, there was a report from the committee investigating the rate of increase of underground temperatures; Stewart served on this committee with Thomson, Maxwell and two of the foremost geologists, Sir Charles Lyell and Archibald Geikie. According to Crosbie Smith in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Stewart, Thomson, Maxwell, Tait and Joule were also linked in the North British network. This was ‘an informal group of physicists and engineers, strongly connected with Scotland, that constructed the science of energy in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Linked by personal friendships, shared scientific interests, and frequent exchanges of correspondence (often addressed from N.B., the abbreviation for North Britain)’. Balfour Stewart’s contact with James Joule wasn’t just by correspondence. Joule lived in Manchester and a letter from him to Stewart can be seen online, inviting Stewart to lunch, as Thomson was visiting. They were also both members of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society and each in their turn its president. The Society had been established in 1781. According to its website it is the second oldest learned society in Britain; presumably second only to the Royal Society. It was established ‘to promote the advancement of education and the widening of public interest in and appreciation of any form of literature, science, the arts and public affairs’. Before long it had become mainly interested in science because John Dalton, the ‘father of modern chemistry’ joined the Society in 1794 and remained until his death fifty years later. In 1803 he presented a paper to the society in which he said, “An enquiry into the relative weights of the ultimate particles of gaseous and other bodies is a subject, as far as I know, entirely new; I have lately been prosecuting this enquiry with considerable success.” His atomic theory became the foundation of the study of chemistry. Manchester’s involvement in atomic theory is remarkable. As mentioned earlier, J J Thomson, the discoverer of the electron, studied under Balfour Stewart and in 1907 Ernest Rutherford followed Stewart’s pupil and successor, Arthur Schuster, as Professor of Physics at the university. Rutherford provided the image of the atom being made up of a small dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons and he discovered the proton. Rutherford grew up in the small town of Nelson, New Zealand and got his first science book when he was ten: Balfour Stewart’s Physics Primer, written in 1872. This was one of a series of science primers edited by Stewart, Roscoe and Thomas Huxley. In the preface they wrote, “The object of the Authors has been to state the fundamental principles of their respective sciences in a manner suited to pupils of an early age. They feel that the thing to be aimed at is not so much to give information, as to endeavour to discipline the mind in a way which has not hitherto been customary, by bringing it into immediate contact with Nature herself. For this purpose a series of simple experiments have been devised, leading up to the chief truths of each science. These experiments must be performed by the teacher in regular order before the class. The power of observation in the pupils will thus be awakened and strengthened. “ Stewart wrote the physics primer and his book for adults, ‘Lessons in Elementary Physics’, had been published in 1870. He wrote the article on Terrestrial Magnetism for the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica and many scientific papers but his most widely read book was something entirely different. Co-written with Peter Guthrie Tait, ‘The Unseen Universe’ was first published anonymously. Tait had succeeded JD Forbes as professor of physics at Edinburgh (where he taught Charles Anderson from Stenness, future director of the Australian Museum). He did important early work on the science of knots and co-wrote what is described as the seminal energy physics textbook ‘Treatise on Natural Philosophy’ with Lord Kelvin but his work with Stewart was more controversial. ‘The Unseen Universe, or Physical Speculations on a Future State’, written in 1873, attempted to reconcile science and religion. They wrote, “We attempt to show that we are absolutely driven by scientific principles to acknowledge the existence of an Unseen Universe, and by scientific analogy to conclude that it is full of life and intelligence – that it is in fact a spiritual universe and not a dead one.” The book was very popular and went into twelve editions. Stewart and Tait put their names to the third and wrote a sequel in 1878, ‘Paradoxical Philosophy’. In Tait’s obituary of Balfour Stewart he wrote of the varied responses to The Unseen Universe and went on:- “Whatever its merits and demerits it has undoubtedly been successful in one of its main objects, viz., in showing how baseless is the common statement that “Science is incompatible with Religion.” It calls attention to the simple fact, ignored by too many professed instructors of the public that human science has its limits; and that there are realities with which it is altogether incompetent to deal.” Stewart had played a leading role in ensuring the accuracy of the measurements of those things which could be measured but he also had a deep interest in those things that couldn’t be. As well as his strong religious faith, he was interested in psychical research and was a co-founder of The Society of Psychical Research in 1882. It’s purpose was to investigate “that large body of debatable phenomena designated by such terms as mesmeric, psychical and spiritualistic” and to do so “in the same spirit of exact and unimpassioned enquiry which has enabled science to solve so many problems”. It would be very interesting to know what role, if any, Balfour Stewart’s uncle Rev Charles Clouston played in his early career as a meteorologist. Born in 1800, Charles succeeded his father William as minister of Stromness and Sandwick but was perhaps more interested in the scientific than the spiritual. He founded the Orkney Natural History Society that still runs the Stromness Museum and wrote a guide book to Orkney that includes a list of 156 plants previously unknown in Orkney but his great interest was meteorology. According to the summary of his career in ‘The Church in Orkney’, “Whilst a student in the University of Edinburgh, his attention was directed to the then young science of meteorology, to the advancement of which he particularly devoted his leisure. On his return to Orkney he began a series of observations in regard to the temperature of the Gulf Stream. He followed these up by a number of experiments and investigations in other departments of the science. Among his contributions to the literature of meteorology, were a paper on the meteorology of Orkney, read before the British Association, and which, at the instance of Admiral Fitzroy, was published at the national expense, and a similar paper published in the eighth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [edited by Professor Thomas Stewart Traill]; also a small treatise entitled ‘Explanations of the Popular Weather Prognostications of Scotland on Scientific Principles’. Another of his Clouston uncles played a role at the end of Balfour Stewart’s life. Robert Clouston made a fortune in West Africa and really enjoyed spending it. ‘Letters from Germany and Belgium; by an Autumn Tourist’ was published in 1839 and is now available as a print on demand book from the National Library. The preface describes the book as being made up of letters “written in fulfilment of a promise, made previous to the commencement of the tour they describe, to some friends residing in distant parts of the world; and the writer’s intention was simply to communicate to them such information and impressions as he received during the journey.” The letters are full of interesting descriptions and comments on the people and places he saw on a leisurely tour around northern Europe but his greatest interest was art. From Vienna he commented on the contrasting styles of Strauss and Paganini – “His [Strauss’s] performance seems, I must confess, somewhat laboured; but, perhaps, this is inseperable from the animated nature of the waltz. It is, however, an extreme contrast to the ease with which Paganini draws out his silvery tones, unlike all that the skill of the world had previously achieved… Strauss is also a composer of no inconsiderable merit and his waltzes never fail to elicit rapturous applause from a Vienna audience.” But Clouston admitted he wasn’t musical, “It is therefore, better frankly to confess with Mr Jenkins the Cockney – “I am not musical myself, but have a snuff-box that is,” and his great love was visiting every art gallery he could find. Clouston became known as a knowledgeable art collector and was an honorary member of the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland. Three paintings that he donated to the Institution are now at the National Gallery of Scotland; the finest of these, Tiepolo’s Finding of Moses is on permanent show there. Clouston bought land as well as art: his property in Orkney included Northdyke in Sandwick and the Hall of Rendall and he owned an estate in Ireland. Ballymagarvey is in County Meath, north of Dublin and is now one of Ireland’s most exclusive wedding venues. Its website is a bit confused about its history, referring to a Major Coulston who built the very fine stables, but it seems that the manor house and its neighbouring village were built in the very early nineteenth century and added to by Robert Clouston. According to the stone in the cemetery there, he had plenty of time to enjoy his fortune as he died in 1882, aged 84. Balfour Stewart inherited the estate but didn’t have so long to enjoy it. He died there at Christmas 1887, aged just fifty-nine. During his lifetime, Balfour Stewart’s work received the recognition it deserved: as well as those already mentioned he received an honorary doctorate from Edinburgh University and has a two page entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and but very few now would recognise his name. Although his name has not lived on, it is fair to say that his work has, in the influence his teaching and textbooks had on future generations. As was said in the obituary of another Orcadian member of the Royal Society, Dr James Copland, “Gladly would he learn and gladly teach” Science in Victorian Manchester: Enterprise and Expertise – Robert Hugh Kargon Predicting the Weather: Victorians and the Science of Meteorology – Katherine Anderson
4591	dbpedia	2	42	https://www.tcd.ie/news_events/articles/professor-alan-irvine-elected-as-a-royal-society-of-edinburgh-fellow/	en	Professor Alan Irvine elected as a Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellow	https://www.tcd.ie/news_…617105590598.jpg	https://www.tcd.ie/news_…617105590598.jpg	[ "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/tcd-logo.png", "https://pxl-tcdie.terminalfour.net/prod01/channel_3/media/image-fix---live-mig/tmp/migration/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/alan-irvine.jpg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/facebook.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/instagram.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/x-logo.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/youtube.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/linkedin.svg", "https://pxl-tcdie.terminalfour.net/prod01/channel_3/media/tcd/homepage/footergraphic_cms.jpg", "https://pxl-tcdie.terminalfour.net/fit-in/200x50/prod01/channel_3/media/athenaswan.png", "https://pxl-tcdie.terminalfour.net/fit-in/200x50/prod01/channel_3/media/tcd/content-assets/images/coimbragroupuniversities.png", "https://pxl-tcdie.terminalfour.net/fit-in/200x50/prod01/channel_3/media/tcd/content-assets/images/leru.png", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/itunes.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/youtube.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/facebook.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/x-logo.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/linkedin.svg", "https://www.tcd.ie/media/tcd/site-assets/images/instagram.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Trinity College Dublin" ]	null	Professor Irvine joins the RSE’s current roll of around 1,600 leading thinkers and practitioners from Scotland and beyond, whose work has a significant impact on the world.	en	//www.tcd.ie/favicon.ico?v=3		null	Posted on: 30 March 2021 Alan Irvine, Professor of Dermatology in Trinity’s School of Medicine, has been elected a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) in the 2021 list of honours just published by Scotland’s national academy. Those elected to the Fellowship have undergone a rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and the contribution they and their work make to wider society. Professor Irvine is a leader in dermatology and recently published new research that offers fresh hope for treating infants living with the common skin condition, eczema. You can read more about this work here. Professor Irvine said: “I am hugely honoured to receive this acknowledgment from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. I have had many fruitful and enjoyable scientific collaborations with excellent Scottish scientists, especially with Irwin McLean in the University of Dundee. I look forward to driving future collaboration between Scotland and Ireland in the Life Sciences.” Professor Dame Anne Glover, President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh said: “As Scotland’s national academy we recognise excellence across a diverse range of expertise and experience, and its effect on Scottish society. This impact is particularly clear this year in the latest cohort of new Fellows which includes scientists who are pioneering the way we approach the coronavirus; those from the arts who have provided the rich cultural experience we have all been missing, and some who have demonstrated strong leadership in guiding their organisations and communities through this extraordinary time. “Through uniting these great minds from different walks of life, we can discover creative solutions to some of the most complex issues that Scotland faces. A warm welcome is extended to all of our new Fellows.”
4591	dbpedia	1	2	https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/schuster-arthur	en	Schuster, Arthur			[ "https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "SCHUSTER", "ARTHUR(b Frankfurt", "Germany", "12 september 1851; d. Yeldall", "near Twyford", "Berkshire", "England", "14 October 1934) physics", "applied mathematics." ]	null	[]	null	SCHUSTER, ARTHUR(b Frankfurt, Germany, 12 september 1851; d. Yeldall, near Twyford, Berkshire, England, 14 October 1934) physics, applied mathematics. Source for information on Schuster, Arthur: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography dictionary.	en	/sites/default/files/favicon.ico		https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/schuster-arthur	(b Frankfurt, Germany, 12 september 1851; d. Yeldall, near Twyford, Berkshire, England, 14 October 1934) physics, applied mathematics. Schuster was the son of Francis Joseph Schuster, a well-to-do Jewish textile merchant with business connections in Great Britain. After the Seven Weeks’ War the family firm moved to Manchester, England, when Frankfurt was annexed by Prussia. Schuster, baptized as a young boy, was educated privately and at the Frankfurt Gymnasium. He attended the Geneva Academy from 1868 until he joined his parents at Manchester in the summer of 1870. By the age of sixteen Schuster had developed an interest in physical science, mainly through Henry Roscoe’s elementary textbook on spectrum analysis. His parents saw at once that he lacked enthusiasm for business: and they consulted Roscoe, then professor of chemistry at Owens College, Manchester, who arranged for Schuster to enroll as a day student in October 1871. He studied physics under Balfour Stewart and was directed in research in spectrum analysis by Roscoe. Within a year he produced his first research paper, “On the Spectrum of Nitrogen.” Again at Roscoe’s suggestion, Schuster enrolled at Heidelberg under Kirchhoff and received his Ph.D. after a less-than-brilliant examination in 1873. Schuster served at Owens in 1873 as unpaid demonstrator in the new physics laboratory and later, at the request of Lockyer, joined an eclipse expedition to the coast of Siam. Upon his return to England in 1875, Schuster remained at Owens for a semester and then joined Maxwell as a researcher at the Cavendish Laboratory, where he remained for five years, ultimately joining Lord Rayleigh in an absolute determination of the ohm. In 1879 Schuster applied for a post at Mason Science College. Birmingham, but was rejected in favor of his friend J. H. Poynting. Two years later, when a professorship of applied mathematics was founded at Owens. Schuster was selected for the chair over his former student J. J. Thomson and Oliver Lodge. Subsequently he was rejected as Rayleigh’s successor at the Cavendish in 1884; but after Balfour Stewart’s death in 1887 he succeeded in the following year to the chair of physics at Manchester. At the beginning of his Owens College career, Schuster resumed his interest in what was by then termed “spectroscopy.” In an important paper. “On Harmonic Ratios in the Spectra of Gases” (Proceedings of the Royal Society, 31 [1881], 337–347), he refuted G. J. Stoney’s explanation of spectral lines that used simple harmonic series by demonstrating statistically that the spectra of five chosen elements conform more closely to a random distribution than to Stoney’s “law.” He concluded, however, that “Most probably some law hitherto undiscovered exists which in special cases resolves itself into the law of harmonic ratios.” In 1897 Schuster independently discovered and published the relationship known as the Rydberg-Schuster law, which relates the convergence frequencies of different spectral series of the same substance. Schuster’s interests led him to investigate the spectra produced by the discharge of electricity through gases in otherwise evacuated tubes. Such electrical discharges were imperfectly understood, and he began a series of detailed investigations that led to his Bakerian lectures before the Royal Society in 1884 and 1890. Schuster’s findings were of major importance: he showed that an electrical current was conducted through gases by ions and that once a gas was “dissociated” (ionized), a small potential would suffice to maintain a current. Schuster was also the first to indicate the path toward determining the ratio elm for cathode rays by using a magnetic field, a method that ultimately led to the discovery of the electron. In 1896, shortly after the appearance of Roentgen’s researches, he offered the first suggestion that X rays were small-wavelength transverse vibrations of the ether. Schuster’s interests were too wide-ranging to give even a brief account here. His work on terrestrial magnetism, however, deserves special notice. In 1889 he showed that daily magnetic variations are of two kinds, internal and atmospheric. He attributed the latter to electric currents in the upper atmosphere, and the former to induction currents in the earth. In a later estimate of the ionization of the upper atmosphere he helped lay the groundwork for the studies of Heaviside and Kennelly. In 1907 Schuster resigned his chair at Manchester and secured Ernest Rutherford as his successor, thus reinforcing Manchester’s prominence in physical research. Elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1879, Schuster served twice on its Council and was secretary from 1912 to 1919. He was founder and first secretary of the International Research Council and served as president of the British Association in 1915. He was knighted in 1920. A man of remarkable originality and ingenuity, Schuster often pointed the way toward novel areas but left the task of reaching research summits to others, a pattern perhaps inevitable in a period of exploding possibilities for one of such wide interests and perception. BIBLIOGRAPHY I. Original Works. A record of Schuster’s scientific papers from 1881 to 1906 is in The Physical Laboratories of the University of Manchester (Manchester, 1906), 45–60: papers published to 1901 are listed in the Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers, VIII, 899: XI, 359–360: XVIII, 623–625. Schuster’s major books include Spectrum Analysis, 4th ed. (London, 1885), written with H. E. Roscoe; Introduction to the Theory of Optics (London, 1904; 3rd ed., 1924); The Progress of Physics During 33 Years (1875–1908)(cambridge, 1911): and Biographical Fragments (London, 1932). With Arthur Shipley he wrote Britians Heritage of Science (London, 1917), a fascinating Victorian of the history of science. II. Secondary Literature. On Schuster’s life and work the following are of special value: G. C. Simpson, “Sir Arthur Schuster, 1851–1934,” in Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society of London, 1 (1932–1935), 409–423: “Sir Arthur Schuster, FRS,” in Nature, 134 (1934), 595–597; and his article in Dictionary of National Biography; G. E. Hale, “Sir Arthur Schuster,” in Astrophysical Journal, 81 (1935), 97–106: R.S. Hutton, Recollections of a Technologist (London, 1964), pp. 103–106: and J. G. Crowther, Scientific Types (London, 1968), 333–358. See also Manchester Faces and places, IV (1892–1893), 158–159; and Commemboration of the 25th Anniversary of the Election of Arthur Schuster, F.R.S., to a Professorship in the Owens College (Manchester, 1906). On Schuster’s work see Edmund Whittaker, History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, I (New York, 1960). pp. 355–360: Norah Schuster, “Early Days of Roentgen Photography in Britain,” in British Medical Journal (1962), 2 , 1164–1166: D. L. Anderson, The Discovery of the Electron (Princeton, 1964), pp. 30, 42, 74: and William McGucken, Nineteenth-Century Spectroscopy (Baltimore, 1969), passim. On Schuster at Owens, see P. J. Hartog, The Owens College Manchester (Manchester, 1900), pp. 54–59: and H. B Charlton, Portrait of a University (Manchester, 1951), pp. 78–84. Robert H. Kargon
4591	dbpedia	2	54	https://www.thersa.org/blog/2024/03/inspiring-inclusion-nine-famous-female-fellows/	en	Nine famous female Fellows inspiring inclusion - RSA Blog	https://www.thersa.org/g…y-1200-x-630.png	https://www.thersa.org/g…y-1200-x-630.png	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=2544854572341082&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=6255506&fmt=gif", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/events/openhouse_listingimage_600x338.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/coffeehouse-photos/kidscinema_listingimage-600x338-1200--630px.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/images/202205-rsa-fellows-festival-workshop-fellows-interacting-05-960x550.jpg", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/reports/2024/02/stateofparalysis_listingimage_600x338.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/events/rsa-programme/2024/creative-pec-event-listing.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/fellowship/join/colleagues-in-group-workshop-session-in-cafe-600x400.jpg", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/about-us/anniversaries/270anniversary_logo_listingimage_600x338.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-house/our-spaces/rsa-house---great-room---fine-dining-long-tables--600x338.jpg", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/staff-page/2022-staff-images/202209-rsa-dean-samways-piranha-photography-01-bw-400x400.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/iwd2024_promoblock_listingimage_600x338.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/sarahmason_iwd2024_headshot_articlebodyimage_960x550.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/international-womens-day-960x550-bernardine-evaristo.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/caroline-haslett_iwd2024_headshot_articlebodyimage_960x550.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/international-womens-day-960x550-mary-moser.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/georginalarabooth_iwd2024_headshot_articlebodyimage_960x550.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/international-womens-day-960x550-shirley-manson.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/maryrobinson_iwd2024_headshot_articlebodyimage_960x550.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/international-womens-day-960x550-kirthi-jayakumar.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/03/janeboyd_iwd2024_headshot_articlebodyimage_960x550.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/fellowship/join/join-us-square-black-700.jpg", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2023/12/anoushkasinha_un_listingimage_600x338.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2023/11/sophiehague_sdawinnersblog_listingimage_600x338.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2023/10/businesswoman-waiting-for-train-at-subway-station-1.jpg", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/_foundation/new-site-blocks-and-images/rsa-blog/2024/07/prosperousplaces_bristol_listingimage_600x338.png", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/west-london-warriors-2-960x552.jpeg", "https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/laylapic4-960x549.jpeg" ]	[]	[]	[ "The rsa", "rsa", "rsa blog", "international women's day", "international women's day 2024", "IWD2024", "IWD24", "inspiring inclusion", "Sarah Mason", "Bernardine Evaristo", "Caroline Haslett", "Mary Moser", "Georgina Lara Booth", "Shirley Manson", "Mary Robinson", "Kirthi Jayakumar", "Jane Boyd" ]	null	[ "Dean Samways" ]	2024-03-08T00:00:00	International Women’s Day 2024 invites us to imagine a world where all genders enjoy equality. Where prejudice and discrimination no longer exist. This is the world our work is helping deliver to this and future generations.	en	/static/images/favicons/faviconSmall16.png	The RSA	https://www.thersa.org/blog/2024/03/inspiring-inclusion-nine-famous-female-fellows/	The RSA’s values involve being open, optimistic, courageous, rigorous and enabling. This approach to life encourages inclusivity – welcoming new thinking and different perspectives – and respect for everyone. It helps to bring equality and equity to marginalised and underrepresented groups, including women. Our work is guided by more than just our values though. We stand on the shoulders of our Fellows (or members as they were known before 1914) and their achievements. As individuals they convene and collaborate to bring about meaningful positive change for people, place and planet. Female Fellows have done, and are doing, amazing things to promote and foster gender equality in all areas of society. This might be through their work – whether it’s founding a charity tackling domestic abuse, establishing educational associations for women or being an international delegate for women – or simply by representing their gender and being seen as role models by aspiring women. Both can be equally inspiring. To celebrate International Women’s Day 2024, we wanted to highlight just nine of the many thousands of female Fellows whose work has catalysed and continues to catalyse gender parity. Are you working to inspire inclusion? Perhaps you know another Fellow striving to reach gender equity for women? Share your insights and the efforts of others in the comments section at the bottom of this blog. But for now, find some inspiration in the following Fellows. Sarah Mason Chief executive and charity leader A Fellow since August 2023, Sarah Mason is Chief Executive of the Women’s Aid Federation Northern Ireland, having worked in various roles in the movement for more than three decades. The Federation provided specialist support to more than 7,500 women in the financial year 2022–23. She was made an MBE for services to women and girls in the 2024 New Year Honours List. Bernardine Evaristo Author Bernardine Evaristo is a British author and academic. Her books have been awarded ‘Book of the Year’ 60 times and her novel Girl, Woman, Other jointly won the Booker Prize in 2019, making her the first Black woman to claim the prize. She has received numerous honours and was made an OBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List in 2020. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2004, she became its president in 2022. Mary Moser Painter Mary Moser was a celebrated artist admired for her paintings of flowers. She won her first premium for a design from the Society aged 14. In 1795, Moser received another and was awarded the Society’s silver medal for ‘extraordinary merit’. The painting was displayed at the Society’s first art exhibition in 1760 and again in the ‘Exhibition of Exhibitions’ in 1951. At 24, she was one of two female founding members of the Royal Academy. Mary Robinson Former president of Ireland Mary Robinson became the seventh president of Ireland in 1990 and served until September 1997. She was the first woman and the first independent to hold the country’s highest political office. Following her time as president, in 1997 Robinson became the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. She has received praise for her work in the fields of sexuality, contraception and gender equality.
4591	dbpedia	2	9	https://royalsociety.org/people/jocelyn-bell-burnell-11066/	en	Fellow Detail Page	https://royalsociety.org…avicon-16x16.png	https://royalsociety.org…avicon-16x16.png	[ "https://royalsociety.org/assets/images/logo@2x.png", "https://apidyn.royalsociety.org/images/fellows/P20911-Jocelyn-Bell Burnell.jpg", "https://royalsociety.org/people/jocelyn-bell-burnell-11066/url(/-/media/navigation/footer/logoalt2x.png)" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Explore the history of the Royal Society, including our motto and discover our timeline of key events.	en	/assets/icons/favicon-16x16.png		https://royalsociety.org/people/jocelyn-bell-burnell-11066/	Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE is an astrophysicist. She was responsible for the discovery of pulsars while a radio astronomy graduate student in Cambridge and has subsequently worked in gamma ray, X-ray, infrared and millimetre wavelength astronomy. She currently holds a Professorial Fellowship in Mansfield College, University of Oxford, and is a Visiting Academic in the University's Department of Physics. She was awarded the Michael Faraday Prize (2010) and a Royal Medal (2015) by the Royal Society and also holds major awards from French, Spanish and USA bodies. A member of 7 Academies worldwide, she was the first female President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (as well as of the Institute of Physics).
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https://i2-prod.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/article21600032.ece/ALTERNATES/s220b/1_Deborah-Tony-Kenny.jpg 220w, https://i2-prod.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/article21600032.ece/ALTERNATES/s270b/1_Deborah-Tony-Kenny.jpg 270w", "https://i2-prod.insider.co.uk/incoming/article33450220.ece/ALTERNATES/s180/0_01J5588HR7JZX49Q18VDZEY1RM.jpg 180w, https://i2-prod.insider.co.uk/incoming/article33450220.ece/ALTERNATES/s220b/0_01J5588HR7JZX49Q18VDZEY1RM.jpg 220w, https://i2-prod.insider.co.uk/incoming/article33450220.ece/ALTERNATES/s270b/0_01J5588HR7JZX49Q18VDZEY1RM.jpg 270w" ]	[]	[]	[ "News", "Edinburgh", "Universities and Colleges", "Science & Technology", "Life sciences", "Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh", "Law", "Engineering", "IoD Scotland" ]	null	[ "(Image: Stewart Attwood photography)", "(Image: Stewart Attwood)", "Peter A Walker", "www.insider.co.uk", "peter-a-walker" ]	2024-04-08T23:01:00+00:00	Other new fellows include Armando Iannucci and Sally Magnusson	en	https://s2-prod.insider.co.uk/@trinitymirrordigital/chameleon-branding/publications/businessInsider/img/favicon.74572be5fe93a8de.ico	businessInsider	https://www.insider.co.uk/news/business-leaders-elected-royal-society-32537564	A range of Scottish business figures have been elected as the latest fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Ana Stewart, a technology entrepreneur, board member of the Scottish Football Association and founder of Pathways Forward - an initiative that helps women forge their way in business - joins the RSE fellowship. She said: “Entrepreneurship is the lifeblood of our economy and we all have a part to play in shaping our society into one that welcomes all of our entrepreneurs through every stage of their journey, regardless of gender or background. “I look forward to working with other Fellows to help shape Scotland’s future in this endeavour.” Gillian Docherty OBE has also joined the fellowship of the RSE. She is recognised as a leader in the field of data technology, and has worked to champion innovation, digital skills and community engagement with technology. She is the chief commercial officer of the University of Strathclyde, the chair of CodeBase and is the president of the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce. Professor William Buchanan OBE, of Edinburgh Napier University, is a cyber security expert and computer scientist. Among a range of achievements, he has been the inspiration behind at least four university spin-out companies: Zonefox, Cyacomb, Symphonic and Memcrypt. He commented: “It is such an honour to be acknowledged by an organisation which prides itself on recognising the finest scientific and technological minds in our country. “My love for innovation, research, and, especially, teaching will never leave me - I feel honoured to teach and research the topics that I care deeply about and to live and work in one of the most beautiful, cultured and educated cities on the planet. “Scotland is truly the best place in the world to build the future, and our four amazing cyber security spinouts are a testament to this.” Also elected was Mike Welch OBE, president and chief executive of Treadsy and founder and chair of The Welch Trust. “Becoming a fellow is an incredible honour, and means I am following in the footsteps of two iconic figures to me,“ he explained. “Robert William Thomson, the Scottish inventor who dreamt up and patented the pneumatic tyre in 1847, in the very same street that we have our home in Edinburgh. “And Sir Tom Farmer, one of the world's foremost retailers of tyres, who mentored me and brought me to the great city of Edinburgh at the advent of the internet to build Kwik-Fit online. “Through their example and the privilege of becoming a fellow, I feel humbled and motivated to continue my work as an entrepreneur and philanthropist.” Patrick Macdonald, chair of the Institute of Directors, also joins this year’s cohort. An entrepreneur with a career ranging from the Ministry of Defence to leadership of companies such as John Menzies and Moneypenny, he also founded the School for CEOs. President of the RSE, professor Sir John Ball, said: “It is an immense honour to extend a warm welcome to each of our distinguished new fellows. “Individually, they embody exceptional dedication and accomplishment spanning multiple sectors and disciplines, collectively they demonstrate a profound commitment and determination to make meaningful contributions through their endeavours. “As Scotland’s National Academy, we remain committed to mobilising a diverse array of expertise to confront society's most pressing challenges, and I am certain that our new fellows will prove invaluable assets to the RSE.” As well as achievements in business, new fellows are elected for their individual excellence in a wide range of fields such as physics, chemistry, informatics, literature, law and social sciences. They will be joining the 1,800 current fellows of the RSE. The complete list of new Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh is as follows: Honorary fellows Armando Iannucci Writer and political satirist Professor David Croisdale-Appleby Chair, Healthwatch England Corresponding fellows Professor Alan Reid Professor of mathematics, Rice University Professor Ann Rigney Professor in comparative literature, Utrecht University Professor De-Zhu Li Professor of botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Botany Professor Donald Dingwell Director, Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Professor John Cioffi Professor emeritus of Engineering, Standford University Professor Miguel Ferrer Baena Research professor, Department of Ethology and Biodiversity Conservation, Spanish National Research Council Fellows Dr Sally Magnusson Founder, Playlist for Life, broadcaster and journalist Dr Michael Welch President of Tirebuyer.com Michael P Clancy Director of law reform, Law Society of Scotland Patrick Macdonald Chair, Institute of Directors Ana Stewart Chair, Pathway Forward Gillian Docherty Chief commercial officer, University of Strathclyde Laura Dunlop President, Mental Health Tribunal for Scotland Leonie Bell Director, V&A Dundee Chris Stark Chief executive, Climate Change Committee Professor Ailsa Hall Former director, Sea Mammal Research Unit Professor Apala Majumdar Professor of applied mathematics, University of Strathclyde Professor David Dockrell Chair of Infection Medicine, director of the Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Professor Donna Heddle Director, Institute for Northern Studies, University of the Highlands and Islands Professor Elham Kashefi Personal chair in Quantum Computing, University of Edinburgh Professor Emma Sutton Professor of English, University of St Andrews Professor Emma Thomson Professor in infectious diseases, University of Glasgow Professor Fiona Leverick Professor of criminal law and criminal justice, University of Glasgow Professor Gabriela Medero Associate principal for business and enterprise, professor in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Heriot Watt University Professor George Batty Professor of epidemiology and public health, University College London Professor Hamish Simpson Professor of orthopaedics and trauma, consultant orthopaedic surgeon, University of Edinburgh Professor J Ross Fitzgerald Personal chair of molecular bacteriology, University of Edinburgh Professor Jason Gill Professor of cardiometabolic health, University of Glasgow Professor Jason König Professor of classics, University of St Andrews Professor Jonathan Fraser Director of research, mathematics, University of St Andrews Professor Judith Phillips Deputy principal (research), University of Stirling Professor Keith Mathieson Professor of neurophotonics, University of Strathclyde Professor Kirsteen McCue Professor of Scottish literature and song culture, University of Glasgow Professor Kirsty Gunn Professor of creative writing, University of Dundee Professor Lindsay Beevers Chair of environmental engineering and head of Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Professor Lorna Marson Professor of transplant surgery at the Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Professor Malcolm Macleod Professor of neurology and translational neurosciences, University of Edinburgh Professor Marc Dweck Professor of clinical cardiology, University of Edinburgh Professor Marc Vendrell Chair of translational chemistry and biomedical imaging, University of Edinburgh Professor Neil Carragher Professor of drug discovery, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Professor Nicole Busby Professor of human rights, equality and justice, University of Glasgow Professor Patrick Meir Personal chair in ecosystem science, school of geosciences, University of Edinburgh Professor Paul Foster Professor in new testament language, literature and theology, University of Edinburgh Professor Paul Mealor Chair in composition, University of Aberdeen Professor Peter Hopkins Professor of social geography, Newcastle University Professor Ross Forgan Professor of supramolecular and materials chemistry, University of Glasgow Professor Sarah Coulthurst Professor of microbial interactions, University of Dundee Professor Sayantan Ghosal Adam Smith chair in political economy, University of Glasgow Professor Sinéad Collins Professor of microbial evolution, University of Edinburgh Professor Sonja Franke-Arnold Professor in atom and quantum optics, University of Glasgow Professor Stephen Brusatte Professor of palaeontology and evolution, University of Edinburgh Professor Tom Guzik Regius chair of physiology and cardiovascular pathobiology, University of Glasgow Professor Vernon Gayle Professor of sociology and social statistics, University of Edinburgh Professor Victoria Martin Professor of collider physics, University of Edinburgh Professor William Buchanan Professor of applied cryptography, Edinburgh Napier University
4591	dbpedia	1	3	https://www.coursehero.com/file/147295908/Arthur-Schustertxt/	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
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https://i2-prod.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/article21600032.ece/ALTERNATES/s220b/1_Deborah-Tony-Kenny.jpg 220w, https://i2-prod.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/article21600032.ece/ALTERNATES/s270b/1_Deborah-Tony-Kenny.jpg 270w", "https://i2-prod.insider.co.uk/incoming/article33450220.ece/ALTERNATES/s180/0_01J5588HR7JZX49Q18VDZEY1RM.jpg 180w, https://i2-prod.insider.co.uk/incoming/article33450220.ece/ALTERNATES/s220b/0_01J5588HR7JZX49Q18VDZEY1RM.jpg 220w, https://i2-prod.insider.co.uk/incoming/article33450220.ece/ALTERNATES/s270b/0_01J5588HR7JZX49Q18VDZEY1RM.jpg 270w" ]	[]	[]	[ "News", "Edinburgh", "Universities and Colleges", "Science & Technology", "Life sciences", "Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh", "Law", "Engineering", "IoD Scotland" ]	null	[ "(Image: Stewart Attwood photography)", "(Image: Stewart Attwood)", "Peter A Walker", "www.insider.co.uk", "peter-a-walker" ]	2024-04-08T23:01:00+00:00	Other new fellows include Armando Iannucci and Sally Magnusson	en	https://s2-prod.insider.co.uk/@trinitymirrordigital/chameleon-branding/publications/businessInsider/img/favicon.74572be5fe93a8de.ico	businessInsider	https://www.insider.co.uk/news/business-leaders-elected-royal-society-32537564	A range of Scottish business figures have been elected as the latest fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Ana Stewart, a technology entrepreneur, board member of the Scottish Football Association and founder of Pathways Forward - an initiative that helps women forge their way in business - joins the RSE fellowship. She said: “Entrepreneurship is the lifeblood of our economy and we all have a part to play in shaping our society into one that welcomes all of our entrepreneurs through every stage of their journey, regardless of gender or background. “I look forward to working with other Fellows to help shape Scotland’s future in this endeavour.” Gillian Docherty OBE has also joined the fellowship of the RSE. She is recognised as a leader in the field of data technology, and has worked to champion innovation, digital skills and community engagement with technology. She is the chief commercial officer of the University of Strathclyde, the chair of CodeBase and is the president of the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce. Professor William Buchanan OBE, of Edinburgh Napier University, is a cyber security expert and computer scientist. Among a range of achievements, he has been the inspiration behind at least four university spin-out companies: Zonefox, Cyacomb, Symphonic and Memcrypt. He commented: “It is such an honour to be acknowledged by an organisation which prides itself on recognising the finest scientific and technological minds in our country. “My love for innovation, research, and, especially, teaching will never leave me - I feel honoured to teach and research the topics that I care deeply about and to live and work in one of the most beautiful, cultured and educated cities on the planet. “Scotland is truly the best place in the world to build the future, and our four amazing cyber security spinouts are a testament to this.” Also elected was Mike Welch OBE, president and chief executive of Treadsy and founder and chair of The Welch Trust. “Becoming a fellow is an incredible honour, and means I am following in the footsteps of two iconic figures to me,“ he explained. “Robert William Thomson, the Scottish inventor who dreamt up and patented the pneumatic tyre in 1847, in the very same street that we have our home in Edinburgh. “And Sir Tom Farmer, one of the world's foremost retailers of tyres, who mentored me and brought me to the great city of Edinburgh at the advent of the internet to build Kwik-Fit online. “Through their example and the privilege of becoming a fellow, I feel humbled and motivated to continue my work as an entrepreneur and philanthropist.” Patrick Macdonald, chair of the Institute of Directors, also joins this year’s cohort. An entrepreneur with a career ranging from the Ministry of Defence to leadership of companies such as John Menzies and Moneypenny, he also founded the School for CEOs. President of the RSE, professor Sir John Ball, said: “It is an immense honour to extend a warm welcome to each of our distinguished new fellows. “Individually, they embody exceptional dedication and accomplishment spanning multiple sectors and disciplines, collectively they demonstrate a profound commitment and determination to make meaningful contributions through their endeavours. “As Scotland’s National Academy, we remain committed to mobilising a diverse array of expertise to confront society's most pressing challenges, and I am certain that our new fellows will prove invaluable assets to the RSE.” As well as achievements in business, new fellows are elected for their individual excellence in a wide range of fields such as physics, chemistry, informatics, literature, law and social sciences. They will be joining the 1,800 current fellows of the RSE. The complete list of new Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh is as follows: Honorary fellows Armando Iannucci Writer and political satirist Professor David Croisdale-Appleby Chair, Healthwatch England Corresponding fellows Professor Alan Reid Professor of mathematics, Rice University Professor Ann Rigney Professor in comparative literature, Utrecht University Professor De-Zhu Li Professor of botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Botany Professor Donald Dingwell Director, Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Professor John Cioffi Professor emeritus of Engineering, Standford University Professor Miguel Ferrer Baena Research professor, Department of Ethology and Biodiversity Conservation, Spanish National Research Council Fellows Dr Sally Magnusson Founder, Playlist for Life, broadcaster and journalist Dr Michael Welch President of Tirebuyer.com Michael P Clancy Director of law reform, Law Society of Scotland Patrick Macdonald Chair, Institute of Directors Ana Stewart Chair, Pathway Forward Gillian Docherty Chief commercial officer, University of Strathclyde Laura Dunlop President, Mental Health Tribunal for Scotland Leonie Bell Director, V&A Dundee Chris Stark Chief executive, Climate Change Committee Professor Ailsa Hall Former director, Sea Mammal Research Unit Professor Apala Majumdar Professor of applied mathematics, University of Strathclyde Professor David Dockrell Chair of Infection Medicine, director of the Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Professor Donna Heddle Director, Institute for Northern Studies, University of the Highlands and Islands Professor Elham Kashefi Personal chair in Quantum Computing, University of Edinburgh Professor Emma Sutton Professor of English, University of St Andrews Professor Emma Thomson Professor in infectious diseases, University of Glasgow Professor Fiona Leverick Professor of criminal law and criminal justice, University of Glasgow Professor Gabriela Medero Associate principal for business and enterprise, professor in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Heriot Watt University Professor George Batty Professor of epidemiology and public health, University College London Professor Hamish Simpson Professor of orthopaedics and trauma, consultant orthopaedic surgeon, University of Edinburgh Professor J Ross Fitzgerald Personal chair of molecular bacteriology, University of Edinburgh Professor Jason Gill Professor of cardiometabolic health, University of Glasgow Professor Jason König Professor of classics, University of St Andrews Professor Jonathan Fraser Director of research, mathematics, University of St Andrews Professor Judith Phillips Deputy principal (research), University of Stirling Professor Keith Mathieson Professor of neurophotonics, University of Strathclyde Professor Kirsteen McCue Professor of Scottish literature and song culture, University of Glasgow Professor Kirsty Gunn Professor of creative writing, University of Dundee Professor Lindsay Beevers Chair of environmental engineering and head of Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Professor Lorna Marson Professor of transplant surgery at the Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Professor Malcolm Macleod Professor of neurology and translational neurosciences, University of Edinburgh Professor Marc Dweck Professor of clinical cardiology, University of Edinburgh Professor Marc Vendrell Chair of translational chemistry and biomedical imaging, University of Edinburgh Professor Neil Carragher Professor of drug discovery, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Professor Nicole Busby Professor of human rights, equality and justice, University of Glasgow Professor Patrick Meir Personal chair in ecosystem science, school of geosciences, University of Edinburgh Professor Paul Foster Professor in new testament language, literature and theology, University of Edinburgh Professor Paul Mealor Chair in composition, University of Aberdeen Professor Peter Hopkins Professor of social geography, Newcastle University Professor Ross Forgan Professor of supramolecular and materials chemistry, University of Glasgow Professor Sarah Coulthurst Professor of microbial interactions, University of Dundee Professor Sayantan Ghosal Adam Smith chair in political economy, University of Glasgow Professor Sinéad Collins Professor of microbial evolution, University of Edinburgh Professor Sonja Franke-Arnold Professor in atom and quantum optics, University of Glasgow Professor Stephen Brusatte Professor of palaeontology and evolution, University of Edinburgh Professor Tom Guzik Regius chair of physiology and cardiovascular pathobiology, University of Glasgow Professor Vernon Gayle Professor of sociology and social statistics, University of Edinburgh Professor Victoria Martin Professor of collider physics, University of Edinburgh Professor William Buchanan Professor of applied cryptography, Edinburgh Napier University
4591	dbpedia	2	43	https://www.linnean.org/our-fellows/royal-patrons-and-honorary-fellows	en	Royal Patrons, Honorary Members and Honorary Fellows	https://ca1-tls.edcdn.co…mtime=1636626172	https://ca1-tls.edcdn.co…mtime=1636626172	[ "https://ia1-tls.edcdn.com/dist/images/interface/logo.svg", "https://ca1-tls.edcdn.com/content/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/Queen-Victoria-R_C-190.gif 600w", "https://ca1-tls.edcdn.com/_c480x300/Plate24-Macropus-Octopus.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "The Linnean Society of London", "Carl Linnaeus", "Natural History" ]	null	[]	2016-02-01T13:53:00+00:00	Explore the wealth of content available within The Linnean Society of London's website.	en	https://ia1-tls.edcdn.com/icons/favicon.ico	The Linnean Society	https://www.linnean.org/our-fellows/royal-patrons-and-honorary-fellows	His Imperial Majesty The Emperor Emeritus of Japan is recognised as an ichthyologist. HIH Prince Hitachi of Japan is recognised as a cell biologist who is involved in the comparative histology of human and lower vertebrate tumors. He is additionally Honorary Patron of the Japanese Association for the Protection of Birds. Baroness Young of Old Scone is a member of the House of Lords and a passionate defender of nature and natural history. She is currently the Chancellor of Cranfield University, a position she has held since 2010. Since 2016, she has served as Chair of The Woodland Trust. She served as the chief executive of health charity Diabetes UK from 2011 to 2015. She was Chief Executive of the Environment Agency from 2000 to 2008, chair of the Care Quality Commission from 2008-2010, and previously chair of English Nature, vice chairman of the BBC, chief executive of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and of a number of local health authorities. In 2017, she was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is passionate about the environment, technology, agriculture, trade, and industry. He is a Patron of Friends of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, among others. Sir David Attenborough is an English broadcaster, writer, naturalist, and probably one of the most recognisable faces and voices on television. He has written and narrated some of the iconic TV series on the state of our planet, including Life on Earth (1979), The Living Planet (1984), The Blue Planet (2001), State of the Planet (2000) and Are We Changing Planet Earth? (2006), both of which dealt heavily with environmental issues such as climate change. More recently, Sir Attenborough narrated Our Planet (2019), a Netflix series. David Attenborough: A Life on Our Planet (2020) was described as his “witness statement.” His most recent show is the five-part A Perfect Planet that debuted on BBC in 2021. Sir Attenborough is the recipient of numerous awards, including several BAFTA Awards and a Peabody Award in 2014. He was knighted in 1985. The Society recognises those who have made an excellent achievement in the advancement of the biological sciences. Fellows honoris causa, HonFLS, shall not exceed twenty-five and be British subjects. Foreign Members, FMLS, shall not exceed fifty. No British subject nor any person usually residing in any part of the United Kingdom shall be elected a Foreign Member. Once proposed for election as Fellow honoris causa or Foreign Member, the name of the candidate must be read at two General Meetings preceding the Anniversary Meeting at which the third reading and election shall take place. Following election, the Fellow honoris causa or Foreign Member receives a Diploma in the Latin language over the Common Seal of the Society and signed by the President, Treasurer and Executive Secretary. A Fellow honoris causa or Foreign Member will be entitled, without contribution, to the full privileges of a Fellow of the Society. Fellows honoris causa: The number of Fellows honoris causa shall not exceed twenty-five. Professor Emeritus John Allen Mrs Lynda Brooks Lord Cranbrook (Gathorne) Professor Laurence Martin Cook Professor David Cutler Dr Lewis Derrick Ms Georgina Lundy Douglas Dr Michael Fitton Professor Brian J Ford Mrs Susan Gove Dr Charles E Jarvis Dr Desmond Morris David P Taylor Pescod Dr Lisbet Rausing Dr Elizabeth Rollinson Dr John Sparks Professor Clive Anthony Stace Dr Vaughan Southgate OBE Dr Mark Watson Foreign Members The number of Foreign Members shall not exceed 50. Professor Wilhelm Barthlott Professor Angelika Brandt Professor Kåre Bremer Professor Mee-mann Chang Professor Sir Peter Crane FRS Professor Friedrich Ehrendorfer Dr Nelson Estrada Dr William Friedman Professor Else Marie Friis Professor Ib Friis Professor Peter Grant Professor Rosemary Grant Dr Frederick Hochberg Dr Per Magnus Jorgensen Professor H Walter Lack Professor Jean Leclercq Dr Gareth Jon Nelson Professor Eviatar Nevo Professor Hugh E H Paterson Dr Peter Hamilton Raven Dr Oliver Cedric Rieppel Dr John P Rourke Professor J William Schopf Professor Erik Francois Smets Dr Dennis W Stevenson Professor Emeritus Helmut Zwolfer
4591	dbpedia	1	16	https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/2/archival_objects/524575	en	Letter from J.C. Maxwell to Arthur Schuster, 3 May 1876 (SLP 600)			[ "https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/assets/images/university-of-cambridge-logo.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	/assets/images/favicon.ico		null	From the Series: A principal series of scientific correspondence, drafts and notes totalling 242 items, letters written to J.C. Maxwell from many scientists and institutions of Maxwell's day dating from his early days at Cambridge University until the day of his death.
4591	dbpedia	2	14	https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/trio-awarded-for-outstanding-achievements/	en	Trio awarded for ‘outstanding achievements’	https://news.st-andrews.…avicon-32x32.png	https://news.st-andrews.…avicon-32x32.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "University of St Andrews" ]	2005-03-10T00:00:00+00:00		en	https://news.st-andrews.…e-touch-icon.png		https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/trio-awarded-for-outstanding-achievements/	Three outstanding scientists from the University of St Andrews have been elected Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE). The awards, presented to over 60 eminent individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to their field and achievement in public service, were announced today. The Royal Society of Edinburgh is ‘Scotland’s National Academy’, which draws upon the expertise of its multidisciplinary fellowship of men and women of international standing, to provide independent, expert advice to key decision-making bodies, including Government and Parliament. The three St Andrews Professors have been elected Ordinary Fellows, an award granted to individuals of national and international standing, based on quality of innovative contributions to their field, or professional standing and achievement in public service. They are: Professor John Irvine, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry; Professor James Naismith, Professor of Chemical Biology and Professor Garry Taylor, Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Director of the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences. Accouncing the awards, the President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Lord Sutherland of Houndwood said: “Whether household names or mainly admired within their own speciality, all of the individuals elected to Fellowship are united in having reached an outstanding level of achievement in their fields. We recognise and celebrate their hard work, dedication and success. The RSE will be seeking to harness their wisdom, experience and energy to help deliver the aims of the Society and in turn to be of further public benefit to Scotland.” ENDS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THE RSE AWARDS CONTACT: Stuart Brown, PR & Communications Manager, The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) – Tel. 0131 240 5016; 077 11 710 249 or email [email protected]. Issued by Beattie Media On behalf of the University of St Andrews Contact Gayle Cook, Press Officer on 01334 467227 / 462529, mobile 07900 050 103, or email gec3@st- andrews.ac.uk Ref: rse fellows 100305.doc View the latest University press releases at http://www.st- andrews.ac.uk Category University news
4591	dbpedia	3	1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellowship_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh	en	Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh	https://upload.wikimedia…olour%29.svg.png	https://upload.wikimedia…olour%29.svg.png	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh_logo_%28full_colour%29.svg/220px-Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh_logo_%28full_colour%29.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2005-11-28T17:56:18+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellowship_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh	Award granted by the Royal Society of Edinburgh Award Fellowship of the Royal Society of EdinburghSponsored byRoyal Society of EdinburghLocationEdinburghWebsitewww .rse .org .uk /fellows / Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This society received a royal charter in 1783, allowing for its expansion.[1] Elections [edit] Around 50 new fellows are elected each year in March.[1] As of 2016 there are around 1,650 Fellows, including 71 Honorary Fellows and 76 Corresponding Fellows.[1][2] Fellows are entitled to use the post-nominal letters FRSE, Honorary Fellows HonFRSE, and Corresponding Fellows CorrFRSE.[3] Disciplines [edit] The Fellowship is split into four broad sectors, covering the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life.[4] A: Life sciences [edit] A1: Biomedical and cognitive sciences A2: Clinical sciences A3: Organismal and environmental biology A4: Cell and molecular biology B: Physical, engineering and informatic sciences [edit] B1: Physics and astronomy B2: Earth sciences and chemistry B3: Engineering B4: Informatics, mathematics and statistics C: Arts, humanities and social sciences [edit] C1: Language, literature and history C2: Philosophy, theology and law C3: History, theory and practice of the creative and performing arts C4: Economics and social sciences D: Business, public service and public engagement [edit] D1: Public engagement and understanding D2: Professional, educational and public sector leadership D3: Private sector leadership Notable fellows [edit] Examples of current fellows include Peter Higgs and Jocelyn Bell Burnell.[1] Previous fellows have included Melvin Calvin, Benjamin Franklin, James Clerk Maxwell, James Watt, Thomas Reid, and Andrew Lawrence.[5] A comprehensive biographical list of Fellows from 1783–2002 has been published by the Society.[6][7] References [edit]
4591	dbpedia	3	62	https://biggareconomics.co.uk/royal-society-of-edinburgh-enterprise-fellowships	en	Royal Society of Edinburgh Enterprise Fellowships	https://biggareconomics.…570440696307.png	https://biggareconomics.…570440696307.png	[ "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/themes/biggareconomics/_/img/logos/biggar-economics.svg", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/themes/biggareconomics/_/img/navigation/back-to-top.svg", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/themes/biggareconomics/_/img/logos/biggar-economics.svg", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Enterprise-Fellow-logo-1600x852-1110x460.png", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Growth-of-offshore-Eventbrite-5-1-640x312.png", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/simplewordcloud.com_1024x-1-640x400.png", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Waterfront_marina-water-reflection-2-640x400.jpg", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/themes/biggareconomics/_/img/logos/biggar-economics.svg", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/themes/biggareconomics/_/img/logos/cyberessentials.png", "https://biggareconomics.co.uk/wp-content/themes/biggareconomics/_/img/logos/lw-employer.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "BiGGAR Economics" ]	2019-10-07T09:30:49+00:00	BiGGAR Economics was commissioned by the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), Scotland’s National Academy, to evaluate the economic impact of its Enterprise Fellowship programme. Our study found that the programme has added almost £170 million to annual global GVA, including £77 million in Scotland. It has led to the creation of more than 3,000 jobs, […]	en	/favicon.ico	BiGGAR Economics	https://biggareconomics.co.uk/royal-society-of-edinburgh-enterprise-fellowships	BiGGAR Economics was commissioned by the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), Scotland’s National Academy, to evaluate the economic impact of its Enterprise Fellowship programme. Our study found that the programme has added almost £170 million to annual global GVA, including £77 million in Scotland. It has led to the creation of more than 3,000 jobs, nearly half (1,395) of which are in Scotland and over 200 businesses. For every £1 investment, the Fellowship programme is estimated to have generated almost £10 for the UK economy and £6 for the Scottish economy. The study also found that businesses created by Fellows are more sustainable than the average, with over 81% of businesses created still operating beyond five years. This compares positively with average survival rates for start-ups and spin-outs, where around 45% survive to their fifth year. The full report can be read via the link below.
4591	dbpedia	2	4	https://royalsociety.org/news/2020/04/outstanding-scientists-elected-as-fellows-and-foreign-members-of-the-royal-society/	en	Outstanding scientists elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society	https://royalsociety.org	https://royalsociety.org	[ "https://royalsociety.org/assets/images/logo@2x.png", "https://royalsociety.org/news/2020/04/outstanding-scientists-elected-as-fellows-and-foreign-members-of-the-royal-society/url(/-/media/navigation/footer/logoalt2x.png)" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	More than 60 exceptional scientists from around the world have been elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society.	en	/assets/icons/favicon-16x16.png		https://royalsociety.org/news/2020/04/outstanding-scientists-elected-as-fellows-and-foreign-members-of-the-royal-society/	More than 60 exceptional scientists from around the world have been elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society. The 51 new Fellows, 10 Foreign Members and one Honorary Fellow have been selected for their outstanding contributions to scientific understanding. With discoveries ranging from the first planets outside our solar system, to the creation of the world’s smallest molecular engine, new mathematical proofs and treatments for debilitating global disease. They embody the global nature of science, with representation from Sweden, Israel, Germany, Australia, Canada, UK-born scientists working in Europe and beyond, and researchers from around the world enriching Britain’s own research and innovation sector. Their ranks include six Nobel laureates, as well as internationally recognised leaders in industry and science policy. Venki Ramakrishnan, President of the Royal Society, said: 'At this time of global crisis, the importance of scientific thinking, and the medicines, technologies and insights it delivers, has never been clearer. Our Fellows and Foreign Members are central to the mission of the Royal Society, to use science for the benefit of humanity. 'While election to the Fellowship is a recognition of exceptional individual contributions to the sciences, it is also a network of expertise that can be drawn on to address issues of societal, and global significance. This year’s Fellows and Foreign Members have helped shape the 21st century through their work at the cutting-edge of fields from human genomics, to climate science and machine learning. 'It gives me great pleasure to celebrate these achievements, and those yet to come, and welcome them into the ranks of the Royal Society.' Among this year’s Fellows and Foreign Members: Francis Collins becomes a Foreign Member for his contributions to human genetics over four decades, including identifying the genetic mutation that causes cystic fibrosis and leading the landmark Human Genome Project. John Shine joins as a Fellow for his leading role in the development of gene cloning technology, including the first cloned human gene and the development of gene expression tools critical to the biotechnology industry. Donna Strickland is honoured as a Fellow for her co-invention of Chirped Pulse Amplification. This revolution in laser science has led to advances in fields as diverse as astrophysics, surgery and nuclear fusion research, and saw her share the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics. Henry Chapman becomes a Fellow for breakthroughs in the field of lensless imaging. By pulsing radiation to limit its damaging effects, he made atomic-scale ‘movies’ of the cell’s molecular machinery in action a reality. Pioneering crystallographer Ada Yonath is elected as a Foreign Member for her part in unravelling the structure of the ribosome – the cellular assembly line that turns DNA into proteins – which also saw her share in the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. For his contributions to global child health, Zulfiqar Bhutta becomes a Fellow. Working with public health sector workers in Pakistan he has led more than a dozen large cluster randomised trials into maternal, newborn and child health. William Campbell is recognised for his part in developing drugs for devastating parasitic diseases. He shared in the 2015 Nobel in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of ivermectin, which has helped virtually eliminate river blindness across large parts of the world. As one of the founding fathers of deep learning, Yoshua Bengio is honoured this year. His work on neural networks and machine translation helped bring about the AI revolution transforming the 21st century. Stephen Young joins the list for pioneering the statistical approach to language processing – namely, treating conversation as a reinforcement learning problem – that made the speech-recognition products in millions of homes a reality. Margaret Kivelson becomes a Foreign Member for her work in shaping our understanding of the magnetic fields of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn, and revealing subsurface oceans on Ganymede and Europa. Didier Queloz joins the Fellowship for his part in the discovery of the first planet beyond our solar system, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics last year. Hundreds more exoplanets have since been revealed by his pioneering observational techniques. Stephen Smartt is honoured for his pioneering use of digital sky surveying, enabling the detection of stars before they explode, and the discovery of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source. For her trailblazing development of directed evolution, Frances Arnold is elected a Foreign Member. Her techniques to improve on existing enzyme or protein function led to more efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly products, and earned her the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In recognition of his work in molecular nanoscience Ben Feringa also joins as a Foreign Member. His discovery of the light-driven rotary molecular motor made the first moving ‘nanocar’ and more complex nanomachines a reality, with applications in dozens of fields. Molly Stevens is honoured for ground-breaking advances in the engineering of bio-inspired materials for regenerative medicine and biosensing. She has been adept at translating her research from lab bench to industrial use and is currently applying her work to improving diagnostics for COVID-19. Materials engineer Vikram Deshpande becomes a Fellow for his seminal contributions in microstructural mechanics. His works include developing ‘metallic wood’, sheets of nickel as strong as titanium, but four-times lighter thanks to their plant-like nanoscale pores. For opening the world’s eyes to the scale of the plastic waste pollution crisis, Richard Thompson becomes a Fellow. He coined the term microplastics in 2004, and his work to identify the sources and effects of microplastic has shaped environmental policy. Also honoured is Oliver Phillips for his work on Earth’s tropical forests. His methods revealed the extent that these ecosystems are affected by global climate processes, and how they could fuel further change in future. Mathematician Jack Thorne is recognised for multiple breakthroughs in diverse areas of algebraic number theory. At age 32, he becomes the youngest living member of the Fellowship. While Wendelin Werner becomes a Foreign Member for revolutionising our understanding of two-dimensional models in probability and physics and achievements in random geometry, for which he was awarded the Fields Medal in 2006. Ralf Speth is elected a Fellow for his advocacy for UK R&D as CEO of Jaguar Land Rover, and for his commitment to STEM education. Sir David Cooksey becomes an Honorary Fellow for helping cement the UK’s place as a global life sciences leader. As a governor of the Wellcome Trust he helped lobby for the Joint Infrastructure Fund to revitalise the UK’s out-of-date research infrastructure. He was instrumental in establishing the Francis Crick Institute, which he chaired for nine years. Some statistics about this year’s intake are as follows: 14 of this year’s intake of Fellows (9) and Foreign Members (5) are women – this is 22.6% of the 2020 intake New Fellows have been elected from institutions across the UK, (Exeter, Plymouth, Nottingham, Leeds, Manchester, Edinburgh, Sussex, Belfast, London, Oxford, Cambridge), the Commonwealth (Canada, Australia) and around the world (Germany, the Netherlands, Israel, the US) Six of this year’s intake (three men and three women) have received a Nobel Prize. Three in Chemistry, two in Physics, one in Medicine or Physiology Past Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society have included Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Dorothy Hodgkin and Stephen Hawking. The full list of newly elected Fellows and Foreign Members: New Fellows 2020 Professor Timothy Behrens FRS Professor of Computational Neuroscience, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford and Honorary Principal Investigator, Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London Professor Yoshua Bengio OC FRS Full Professor, Département d'informatique et de recherche opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Canada Professor Malcolm Bennett FRS Professor of Plant Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Professor Ben Berks FRS Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Professor Zulfiqar Bhutta FRS Robert Harding Inaugural Chair in Global Child Health & Policy, Centre for Global Child Health, Toronto and Distinguished University Professor and Founding Director, Institute for Global Health & Development, Aga Khan University, South-Central Asia, East Africa and United Kingdom Professor Kevin Brindle FMedSci FRS Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Senior Group Leader, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Professor Gordon Brown FMedSci FRS Professor in Immunology, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter Professor William Campbell FRS Emeritus Fellow, Drew University (New Jersey), United States Professor Henry Chapman FRS Director, Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) and Universität Hamburg, Germany Dr G. Marius Clore FRS NIH Distinguished Investigator and Chief of the Protein Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Section, Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States Professor Vikram Deshpande FRS Professor of Materials Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Professor John Endler FRS Emeritus Professor, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Australia Professor Adam Eyre-Walker FRS Professor of Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Professor Daniel Frost FRS Professor and Deputy Director, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth Dr Francois Guillemot FMedSci FRS Senior Group Leader, The Francis Crick Institute Professor David Harel FRS Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel Professor Marian Holness FRS Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Professor Ehud Hrushovski FRS Professor of Mathematical Logic, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford Professor Andrew Jackson FRS Professor of Human Genetics, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Professor George Jackson FRS Professor of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London Professor Xin Lu FMedSci FRS Director, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Dr Alexander Makarov FRS Director of Global Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany and Professor of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Utrecht University, Netherlands Professor Keith Matthews FMedSci FRS Professor of Parasite Biology, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh Professor Iain McCulloch FRS Professor of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London and Director, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Professor Linda Nazar OC FRS Professor and Canada Research Chair in Solid State Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Canada Professor Peter Nellist FRS Professor of Materials and Joint Head of Department, Department of Materials, University of Oxford Professor Giles Oldroyd FRS Russell R Geiger Professor of Crop Science, Crop Science Centre and Group Leader, Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge Professor Hugh Osborn FRS Emeritus Professor, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge Professor Oliver Phillips FRS Professor of Tropical Ecology, School of Geography, University of Leeds Professor Raymond Pierrehumbert FRS Halley Professor, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford Professor John Plane FRS Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Professor Catherine Price FMedSci FRS Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow and Director, Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London Professor Carol Prives FRS DaCosta Professor of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, United States Professor Didier Queloz FRS Professor, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Professor Nicholas Read FRS Henry Ford II Professor of Physics and Professor of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Department of Physics, Yale University, United States Dr Michael Rudnicki OC FRS Senior Scientist and Program Director, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada Dr William Schafer FMedSci FRS Group Leader, Divison of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Professor Nigel Scrutton FRS Director, UK Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub and Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre and Professor of Molecular Enzymology, University of Manchester Professor John Shine AC FRS Emeritus Professor, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia Professor Stephen Smartt FRS Professor of Astrophysics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast Professor Sir Ralf Speth KBE FREng FRS CEO, Jaguar Land Rover Professor Molly Stevens FREng FRS Professor of Biomedical Materials and Regenerative Medicine and Research Director for Biomedical Material Sciences, Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London Professor Donna Strickland FRS Professor of Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada Professor Andrew Stuart FRS Bren Professor of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, United States Dr Sarah Teichmann FMedSci FRS Cellular Genetics Programme Head, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Director of Research, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge and Senior Research Fellow, Churchill College, Cambridge Professor Richard Thompson OBE FRS Professor of Marine Biology and Director of Marine Institute, University of Plymouth Professor Jack Thorne FRS Professor, Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge Professor Nicholas Turner FRS Professor of Chemical Biology and Director of the Centre of Excellence in Biocatalysis (CoEBio3), Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester Professor Jane Visvader FRS Division and Laboratory Head, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Australia Professor Alan Wilson FRS Professor of Locomotor Biomechanics, Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College Professor Steve Young FRS Emeritus Professor of Information Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge New Honorary Fellow 2020 Sir David Cooksey FRS Founding Chair, Diamond Light Source and Founding Chair, Francis Crick Institute New Foreign Members 2020 Professor Frances Arnold ForMemRS Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biochemistry and Director, Donna and Benjamin M Rosen Bioengineering Center, Caltech, United States Dr Francis Collins ForMemRS Director, National Institutes of Health, United States Professor Kerry Emanuel ForMemRS Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Atmospheric Science, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Professor Ben Feringa ForMemRS Jacobus van't Hoff Distinguished Professor of Molecular Science and Academy Professor, Royal Netherlands Academy of Science, Netherlands Professor Else Marie Friis ForMemRS Emeritus Professor, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Denmark and Emeritus Professor of Palaeobotany, Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden Professor Regine Kahmann ForMemRS Emeritus Scientific Member, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Germany Professor Margaret Kivelson ForMemRS Distinguished Research Professor, Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States and Research Professor, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, United States Professor Ramamoorthy Ramesh ForMemRS Purnendu Chatterjee Chair in Energy Technologies, Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, United States and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Professor Wendelin Werner ForMemRS Professor, Department of Mathematics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
4591	dbpedia	0	17	https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/mstcwprofiles	en	MSt in Creative Writing Tutor Profiles	https://www.conted.ox.ac…es/cover_pic.JPG	https://www.conted.ox.ac…es/cover_pic.JPG	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=225732374679044&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/www/static/images/oudce_logo.svg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Morgan_Clare_564.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/chatterjee_amal_3913.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/kate-longworth-headshot.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Draycott_Jane_1114.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Abrams_Rebecca_5041.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/jason-ap.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/lucy-atkins-new.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Brandmark_Wendy_4638.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Brown_Ben_7307.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/mj-chan-headshot.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/thumbnail984filter.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Egerton_Frank_4285.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Farooki_Roopa_6414.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/colin-grant-headshot.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/rebecca-goss.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/marybeth-hamilton-headshot.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/bea-hitchman-headshot_1.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Hawes_James_3483.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/ella-hickson-headshot.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/belinda_jack.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Jolly_Alice_4713.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/sue-jones-headshot.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/line-langebek-headshot.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/leimbach.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Lewis_Jenny_1471.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/HarryManBWCreditPhilJHill.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/malachi_mcintosh_headshot_portrait.JPG", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/McKendrick_Jamie_1081.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/petermoore.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/barney-norris-headshot.jpeg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Nuttgens_Jamie_5729.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Pepler_Tina_6711.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/infosysfiles/_Tutors/Retallack_John_7996.jpg", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/mnt/images/jane-rogers.JPG", "https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/static/images/1x1.png", "https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=695524&fmt=gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "University of Oxford" ]	null	View the profiles of MSt in Creative Writing tutors	en	/static/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png	Oxford University Department for Continuing Education	https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/mstcwprofiles	Course Director Dr Clare Morgan, MA, MPhil, DPhil, FRSA Clare Morgan is a fiction writer, literary critic, and founder of the MSt in Creative Writing. Her novel, A Book for All and None (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), was shortlisted for the Author’s Club Best Novel award and her short fiction has been widely anthologized, and broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Her research on the relation between poetry and business has been featured in the Wall Street Journal and Fast Company, and in Humanizing Business (Springer, 2022). Her book, What Poetry Brings to Business, was published by University of Michigan Press. Clare is a member of Oxford University’s English Faculty and Director of the Kellogg College Centre for Creative Writing. She is former Chair of the Literature Bursaries Panel of the Arts Council of Wales, Literary Mentor for Southern Arts and Literature Wales, and literary assessor for the Welsh Books Council. Her latest collection of short stories Scar Tissue was published 2022, alongside a republication of her earlier collection An Affair of the Heart. Tutors Senior Course Tutor: Amal Chatterjee, MA, MLitt Amal Chatterjee was born in Sri Lanka and grew up in Kolkata/Calcutta, India. The author of a novel, Across the Lakes, and a historical study, Representations of India, 1740-1840, and editor and contributor to Writers on Writing, he has had a Scottish Arts Council Writers Bursary, and was short-listed for the Crossword India Best Novel Award and for a Creative Scotland Award. Amal has also written short plays, staged in London in 2017 and 2018. Currently based in Amsterdam, he has reviewed for the Dutch newspaper Trouw, and advised the literary festival of the Hague. Amal is currently working on fiction, non-fiction and drama. Senior Course Tutor: Kate Longworth Kate Longworth has worked as Senior Editor for Oberon Books, one of the foremost publishers of new writing for the theatre, recently bought by Bloomsbury. She has judged new writing competitions, arranging for publication and agent representation where possible. Kate’s area of academic expertise is intellectual history of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with a particular focus on the idea of the poetic drama in England. She is currently researching the impact and representation of experience of adoption and/or the care system in literature and the arts. Senior Associate Tutor: Jane Draycott, MA, FRSL Jane Draycott's collections from Carcanet Press include The Kingdom (2022), The Occupant (2016, a Poetry Book Society Recommendation, containing work written during her time as Writer in Residence in Amsterdam), Over (shortlisted for the 2009 T.S. Eliot Prize), The Night Tree (2004 PBS Recommendation) and Prince Rupert’s Drop (Forward Prize shortlist). Her illustrated collections Tideway and Christina the Astonishing (with Peter Hay and Lesley Saunders) are part of the 2022 'TRP Illustrated Classics' series. Nominated three times for the Forward Prizes for Poetry, her translation of the medieval dream-vision Pearl (2011) was a Stephen Spender Prize-winner. Other awards include the Keats Shelley Prize for Poetry, the International Hippocrates Prize for Poetry and Medicine, and several awards for her audio work with Elizabeth James. Storms Under the Skin (Two Rivers Press), her 2017 translations from the work of artist-poet Henri Michaux, is a PBS Recommendation. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and a Royal Literary Fund Consultant. Rebecca Abrams Rebecca Abrams studied English Literature at Newnham College, Cambridge. She is the author of eight works of fiction and non-fiction and three stage plays. Her debut play, All of Us, premiered in New Zealand in May 2023. Her novel, Touching Distance, won the MJA Open Book Award for Fiction and was shortlisted for the McKitterick Prize for Literature. Non-fiction publications include The Playful Self, Woman in a Man's World, and Licoricia of Winchester: Power and Prejudice in Medieval England. She is the editor of Out of Exodus (Brandeis University Press; forthcoming), two anthologies of new fiction for First Story, and Jewish Treasures of Oxford Libraries, which was long-listed for the 2021 Wingate Literary Prize. A long-standing tutor on the MSt in Creative Writing, Rebecca is a writing mentor and guest tutor for the Oxford Centre for Life Writing at Wolfson College, and from 2017-2020 was the Royal Literary Fund Fellow at Brasenose College. A journalist of many years standing, Rebecca is a regular literary critic for the Financial Times, a former columnist for the Daily Telegraph, and the recipient of an Amnesty International Press Award for Journalism. Jason Allen-Paisant Jason Allen-Paisant is a Jamaican writer and academic who works as a senior lecturer in Critical Theory and Creative Writing at the University of Manchester. He’s the author of two poetry collections, Thinking with Trees, winner of the 2022 OCM Bocas Prize for poetry, and Self-Portrait as Othello, a 2023 Poetry Book Society Choice. His non-fiction book, The Possibility of Tenderness: A Jamaican Search for Freedom in Nature, will be published by Hutchinson Heinemann in 2024, and a monograph, Engagements with Aimé Césaire, will appear with Oxford University Press, also in 2024. He lives in Leeds with his wife and two children. Lucy Atkins Lucy Atkins is a British feature journalist, Sunday Times book critic and the award-winning author of five novels and several non-fiction titles. Her debut novel The Missing One (Quercus 2014) was a UK bestseller and The Night Visitor (Quercus 2017) has been optioned for television. Her latest novel, Magpie Lane (Quercus 2020) was a Book of the Year pick for the Guardian, Telegraph, Good Housekeeping and BBC Radio 4’s Open Book. Lucy has judged the Costa Book Awards, and written features or reviews for most UK broadsheets. Her newest novel, Windmill Hill is published in 2023. Wendy Brandmark, MA Wendy Brandmark is a novelist and short story writer. Her collection of short stories, He Runs the Moon: Tales from the Cities, was longlisted for the 2017 Edgehill Short Story Prize. She won first prize for the short story in The Bridport Prize in 2016. Her short stories have appeared widely in British, North American and Australian journals, including Riptide Journal, North American Review, The Massachusetts Review, Stand and Prism International. She has been a recipient of an Arts Council award towards the writing of short fiction. Her last novel, The Stray American, was longlisted for the Jerwood Fiction Uncovered Prize. Her novel, The Angry Gods (Dewi Lewis Publishing), explored racism and difference in New York City in the 1950s and 1970s. She has had writing residencies at the Oberpfälzer Künstlerhaus in Germany, the Virginia Centre for the Creative Arts, and the Tyrone Guthrie Centre in Ireland, and was awarded a Hawthornden Fellowship. Her fiction reviews have appeared in a range of magazines and newspapers, including the Times Literary Supplement, The Literary Review and the Independent. She is former director of the creative writing programme at Birkbeck College’s Faculty of Continuing Education. She now teaches fiction writing at the City Lit. She is currently working on a short story collection. Ben Brown, MA Ben Brown read Law at Worcester College and taught at Brasenose and Balliol before his first two plays were produced by Alan Ayckbourn at the Stephen Joseph Theatre. His most recent play, The End of the Night, was produced at Park Theatre in May, 2022, and is now online at originaltheatreonline.com. His other plays include Four Letter Word (Edinburgh Fringe, Cameron Mackintosh New Writing Ward), All Things Considered (Hampstead Theatre and productions in Paris, Heidelberg and Sydney), Larkin With Women (TMA Best New Play and Express Play of the Year), The Promise (Orange Tree Theatre), Three Days in May (national tour and West End, Whatsonstage Best New Play Award and, translated as 3 Dias En Mayo, Mexican Theatre Critics Best Play Award) and A Splinter of Ice (national tour, Jermyn Street Theatre and original theatre online). He also works as a screen consultant for Curtis Brown. Mary Jean Chan, MA, MPhil, PhD Mary Jean Chan is the author of Flèche, published by Faber & Faber (2019) and Faber USA (2020). Flèche won the 2019 Costa Book Award for Poetry and was selected as a Poetry Book Society Recommendation. In 2020, Flèche was shortlisted for the International Dylan Thomas Prize, the John Pollard Foundation International Poetry Prize, the Jhalak Prize and the Seamus Heaney Centre First Collection Poetry Prize. In 2021, Flèche was a Finalist for a Lambda Literary Award. In 2018, Chan was selected as the winner of the Poetry Society Geoffrey Dearmer Prize. They were shortlisted for the Forward Prizes in the Best Single Poem category in 2017 and 2019, receiving an Eric Gregory Award in 2019. Chan’s criticism has appeared in The Review of English Studies, The Journal of American Studies and The Journal of British and Irish Innovative Poetry. Their reviews appear regularly in The Guardian. In Spring 2020, Chan served as guest co-editor alongside Will Harris at The Poetry Review, and recently co-edited 100 Queer Poems (Vintage, 2022) with Andrew McMillan. Born and raised in Hong Kong, Chan is Senior Lecturer in Creative Writing (Poetry) at Oxford Brookes University. Chan’s second poetry collection, Bright Fear, is forthcoming from Faber in Summer 2023. Chan is currently a judge of the 2023 Booker Prize, and will be a 2023 Hawthorden Fellow in Lake Como, Italy. Fred D’Aguiar Fred d’Aguiar is Professor of English at UCLA, where he was also Director of Creative Writing, 2015-2019. He has held a wide range of writer and professor posts in the UK and the USA. He is a distinguished novelist and poet and is also a renowned dramatist for stage and radio. He is a prolific essayist on writing and writers, and his short stories have been widely commissioned and received awards and accolades. His recent memoir Year of Plagues was New Statesman Book of the Year in 2021. He is a widely published book reviewer and judged the Commonwealth Short story prize in 2022; Somerset Maugham Award, 2021; Goldsmiths Fiction Prize, 2021. Among the many prizes he has received are: UK Society of Authors Cholmondeley Award, shortlist for T S Eliot prize for poetry, The Guyana Prize for Fiction 2006 for Bethany Bettany; The Guyana Prize for Fiction in 1996 for Dear Future; The Whitbread Prize for Best First Novel, 1994. Meaghan Delahunt Meaghan Delahunt is a short story writer, novelist and essayist. She was born in Melbourne and has lived in Edinburgh since 1992. Awards for her work include the Flamingo/HQ National Short Story Prize (Australia), a regional Commonwealth Prize, a Saltire Award and a nomination for the Orange Prize. Her work has been widely translated and anthologised. She is the co-founder of WordPathScotland online writing courses with fellow writer Kirsty Gunn. Her latest novel is The Night-Side of the Country (UWAP). Frank Egerton, MA Frank Egerton studied English at Keble College, Oxford, and from 1995 to 2008 reviewed fiction for publications that included The Times, TLS and the Financial Times. He is interested in both the close examination of fiction and how technologies such as ebooks and print-on-demand have changed the publishing industry, offering fresh opportunities to writers. He is a member of the Society of Authors and AWP, and is a former editor of the Oxford Writer. He was chair of Writers in Oxford from 2008 to 2010. His first novel, The Lock, was published in paperback in 2003, the ebook version having been an Independent e-Book Awards finalist in Santa Barbara in 2002. His second novel, Invisible, was published in 2010. Also in 2010, he founded the micropublishing imprint StreetBooks. In 2016 he was co-investigator on a digital project looking at narrative shapes, and has recently completed a memoir entitled ‘Trust: A Family Story’. Events from ‘Trust’ form part of justthoughtsnstuff.com, a blog he wrote between 2010 and 2020, now a self-contained born-digital work about the past ten years of his life. He is a member of Common Room at Kellogg College. As well as teaching creative writing, he is a librarian and subject consultant with the Bodleian Libraries. Jonathan Evans Jonathan Evans has written more than a hundred and seventy commissioned scripts in the UK and Europe, from children's animation and live action family comedy, through continuing drama for adult audiences to feature films. A co-written detective series is currently under option and in development. His writing for children includes the BAFTA and RTS-winning Tracy Beaker Returns. His comedy feature film script, Act Your Age, was developed with the UK Film Council after winning their national ‘25 Words’ competition. He has written many 11 and 20 minute animation episodes across various series for European television. Jonathan has worked as a television story-liner for Freemantle, Grundy and Hewson International, and has assessed feature film scripts for Buena Vista. Roopa Farooki, MBBS, MA Oxon Dr Roopa Farooki is the author of six critically acclaimed novels (The Good Children, The Flying Man, Half Life, The Way Things Look to Me, Corner Shop, Bitter Sweets) published with Headline and Pan Macmillan, a literary medical memoir, Everything is True, A Junior Doctor's Story of Life, Death and Grief in a time of Pandemic (Bloomsbury, 2022) and a middle grade children's detective series, The Double Detectives Medical Mysteries, (Oxford University Press), with two titles so far, The Cure for a Crime (OUP 2020), and Diagnosis Danger (OUP 2021). She has been shortlisted for the Orange Award for New Writers, the Muslim Writers’ Awards, The Commonword Prize, and also been longlisted for the Women’s Prize (twice), the DSC South Asian Literature Prize and the Impac Dublin Literary Award. Her books have been published internationally in thirteen countries across Europe, and in the US, and she has written for The Guardian, The Telegraph and The Times. She has been awarded the John C. Laurence Award from the Authors’ Foundation for writing which improves understanding between races, and an Arts Council Literature award. She is a Royal Literary Fund Fellow and a founding editorial/board member of the RLF Writer's Mosaic, supporting and promoting writers of the global majority, and the ambassador for Relate, the counselling charity. Roopa is also an Internal Medicine Doctor working for the NHS in London and Kent, and has a new series of non-fiction medical books for children coming out with Walker Books in 2024, Dr Roopa's Brilliant Body Books. Colin Grant Colin Grant is an author of five books. They include: Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey; and a group biography of the Wailers, I&I, The Natural Mystics. His memoir, Bageye at the Wheel, was shortlisted for the Pen/Ackerley Prize, 2013. Grant’s history of epilepsy, A Smell of Burning, was a Sunday Times Book of the Year 2016. As a producer for the BBC, Grant wrote and directed several radio drama documentaries including A Fountain of Tears: The Murder of Federico Garcia Lorca; and A History of the N Word. Grant is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and Director of WritersMosaic, an innovative online platform for new writing. He also writes for a number of newspapers and journals including The Guardian, Observer, New Statesman, TLS, London Review of Books, Granta and New York Review of Books. Grant’s Homecoming: Voices of the Windrush Generation, was a BBC radio 4 Book of the Week and a Daily Telegraph Book of the year 2019. His latest memoir, I’m Black So You Don’t Have to Be, is published by Jonathan Cape on 26 January, 2023. Rebecca Goss Rebecca Goss is a poet, tutor and mentor living in Suffolk. Her first full-length collection, The Anatomy of Structures, was published by Flambard Press in 2010. Her second collection, Her Birth, (Carcanet/Northern House, 2013) was shortlisted for the 2013 Forward Prize for Best Collection, won the Poetry category in the East Anglian Book Awards 2013, and in 2015 was shortlisted for the Warwick Prize for Writing and the Portico Prize for Literature. Carousel, her collaboration with the photographer Chris Routledge was published with Guillemot Press in 2018. Rebecca’s third full-length collection, Girl, was published with Carcanet/Northern House in 2019 and shortlisted for the East Anglian Book Awards 2019. She has an MA in Creative Writing from Cardiff University and a PhD by Publication from the University of East Anglia. She is the winner of the Sylvia Plath Prize 2022. Her fourth collection, Latch, is published with Carcanet in 2023. Marybeth Hamilton, PhD Marybeth Hamilton is a writer and cultural historian and the author of two non-fiction books: In search of the blues (2007) and When I'm Bad I'm Better: Mae West, Sex and American Entertainment (1996). She is an Honorary Research Fellow at Birkbeck College, University of London. A longtime member of the editorial collective of History Workshop Journal, she also serves as Coordinating Editor of HWJ’s digital magazine History Workshop Online and as producer and presenter of the History Workshop Podcast and has written and presented several documentary features for BBC Radio. She is writing a cultural history of Valerie Solanas's 1968 shooting of Andy Warhol. Beatrice Hitchman, PhD Beatrice Hitchman is the author of Petite Mort (Serpent's Tail, 2013) and All of You Every Single One (Serpent's Tail, 2021). Her work has been translated into several languages and adapted as a Radio 4 Woman's Hour Drama. Petite Mort was nominated for the Desmond Elliott Prize, the Author's Club Best First Novel Prize, the HWA Debut Prize and the Polari Prize. All of You Every Single One was nominated for the Polari Prize, the HWA Gold Crown Award and featured as one of Vogue's Best Books of 2022. Her scholarly interests include the endings of novels, queer theory and fiction, the Gothic and representations of the remote past. James Hawes MA, PhD James Hawes studied German at Hertford College, Oxford, before taking a postgraduate certificate in Practical Theatre and a PhD on Kafka and Nietzsche. He was a full time university lecturer for seven years until his first novel, A White Merc with Fins, was published in 1996. He has had two feature films released, starring Joseph Fiennes and Michael Sheen respectively, and was co-producer on both. His fifth novel, Speak for England (2005), predicted Brexit and has been adapted by Andrew Davies, though not yet produced. His sixth novel with Jonathan Cape, My Little Armalite, was published in 2008, as was his controversial biography Excavating Kafka, which became the basis of a BBC TV documentary. Englanders and Huns, a richly-illustrated re-telling of the cultural lead-up to WWI was shortlisted for the Paddy Power Political Books of the Year 2015. The Shortest History of Germany (2017), has been translated into over twenty languages, and reached #2 in the Sunday Times non-fiction chart, being denied the #1 spot only by Youval Noah Hariri! His latest book is "The Shortest History of England" . In 2022 he was "story consultant" and major on-screen contributor on BBC TVs seven-part history of British creativity, and spent a month in the "writers' room" as part of a three-person team assembled by Andrew Davies to help him create a new TV drama series for Lionsgate. Ella Hickson Ella is an award-winning writer whose work has been performed throughout the UK and abroad. Her most recent play, Swive, opened at Shakespeare's Globe in the autumn of 2019. Previously that year, Anna, played at The National Theatre. Oil opened at The Almeida Theatre in October 2017 and The Writer opened there in Spring 2018. She is developing new work for The National Theatre, The Old Vic and Manhattan Theatre Club. She is also developing various projects for TV and film. Ella was a Thornton Wilder Fellow, and has twice been a MacDowell Colony Fellow. Sarah Howe Sarah Howe is a British poet, academic and editor. Her first book, Loop of Jade (Chatto & Windus, 2015), won the T.S. Eliot Prize and The Sunday Times / PFD Young Writer of the Year Award, and was shortlisted for the Forward Prize for Best First Collection. Born in Hong Kong to an English father and Chinese mother, she moved to England as a child. Her pamphlet, A Certain Chinese Encyclopedia (Tall-lighthouse, 2009), won an Eric Gregory Award from the Society of Authors. She has performed her work at festivals internationally and on BBC Radio 3 and 4. She is the founding editor of Prac Crit, an online journal of poetry and criticism. She was a Research Fellow at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, before taking up a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship at University College London. Previous honours include a Hawthornden Fellowship and the Harper-Wood Studentship for English Poetry, as well as fellowships from Harvard University’s Radcliffe Institute and the Civitella Ranieri Foundation. She is a Lecturer in Poetry at King’s College London. Belinda Jack, DPhil Belinda Jack is Fellow and Tutor at Christ Church, University of Oxford. Her highly successful publications include The Woman Reader, George Sand: A Woman’s Life Writ Large and Negritude and Literary Criticism: The History and Theory of “Negro-African” Literature in French. The Woman Reader was selected as a Choice Outstanding Academic 2012 title. As well as her six books, Professor Jack is widely published through her many articles, essays, chapters and reviews. Her recent articles and reviews have appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Literary Review, Times Literary Supplement, Times Higher Education Supplement, BBC History Magazine and Littérature. She is a regular on the BBC and international radio and television, as well as a frequent speaker at literary festivals throughout the British isles and beyond. Professor Jack was the Gresham Professor of Rhetoric from 2013 to 2017. Her latest book, Very Short Introduction to Reading (OUP), was published in April 2019. She is currently working on a biography of Colette and translating four Colette works for Penguin World Classics. Alice Jolly, MA Alice Jolly is a novelist and playwright. She published a memoir in 2015 called Dead Babies and Seaside Towns which won the Pen Ackerley Prize and one of her short stories won the 2014 V. S. Pritchett Memorial Prize, awarded by The Royal Society of Literature. She has also published two novels with Simon and Schuster and four of her plays have been produced by the professional company of the Everyman Theatre in Cheltenham. Her novel Mary Ann Sate, Imbecile was published by Unbound in June 2018. It was a Walter Scott Prize recommended novel for 2109, was on the longlist for the Ondaatje Prize awarded by the Royal Society of Literature and was runner up for the £30,000 Rathbones Folio Prize. Her new novel Between the Regions of Kindness was published in April 2019. She is working on a new novel about Dr Asperger which has been funded by the Arts Council and the Authors’ Fund at the Society of Authors. In 2021 Alice Jolly was awarded an O. Henry Prize which is given to the best 20 short stories published in the US. Her short story collection From Far Around They Saw Us Burn was published by Unbound in March 2023. Susan Jones Susan Jones is Professor Emerita of English Literature at the University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of St Hilda’s College. Formerly a soloist with Scottish Ballet, she writes literary and cultural criticism and has published widely on Joseph Conrad and on modernism, women’s writing, and the history and aesthetics of dance. Her book Literature, Modernism, and Dance appeared with Oxford University Press in 2013. She is currently completing a book for OUP on Samuel Beckett and Choreography. She is also Director of Dance Scholarship Oxford (DANSOX), a programme supported by The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH). http://www.torch.ox.ac.uk/dansox; https://www.st-hildas.ox.ac.uk/dansox Line Langebek Line Langebek is a Danish-born screenwriter, living in London. She has worked as a commissioned writer on numerous shorts and feature films in the UK, US, France, Denmark and Norway, as a freelance script consultant (for both London and LA production offices), as well as a literary translator and subtitler for TV. She has also contributed to magazines such as Broadcast, Scriptwriter UK, Sight & Sound and written short stories for Norwegian radio. Her credits include the feature film I’ll Come Running, the 30-min drama Sink or Swim for Channel 4, the documentary Duam Dritë: We Want Light for French television and Field Story for BFI's big budget Shorts Scheme. She’s also been the head writer and written a dozen episodes for the children’s comedy TV-series Royals Next Door. Line is an alumnus of the Lighthouse/BFI Guiding Lights programme, and she is currently working on several feature film commissions in the UK and Denmark, with one feature set to shoot in 2023. She is also a member of the creative collective Dissonant Futures, supported by Arts Council England. She teaches screenwriting at Regent's University, is a consultant for Le Groupe Ouest, is a co-founder of Raising Films, campaigning for change for parents and carers in the film and TV industry, and she is an active member of the WGGB. Marti Leimbach Marti Leimbach is the author of seven novels for adults and one for young adults. Her books include the Waterstone's bestseller, Daniel Isn’t Talking, and the New York Times bestseller, Dying Young, which was also made into a film starring Julia Roberts. Widely translated, and published worldwide, Marti's 2021 young adult novel, Dragonfly Girl, was published by Katherine Tegen Books/Harper Collins and Pocket Jeunesse in France. Jenny Lewis, MA Oxon., MPhil, PhD Jenny Lewis is a poet, playwright, children’s author and translator. She has had seven plays and poetry cycles performed at major UK theatres including the Leicester Haymarket, the Royal Festival Hall, the Polka Theatre, London (for children) and Pegasus Theatre, Oxford where Jenny was a Core Writing Tutor for 20 years. Her first book of poetry, When I Became an Amazon (Iron Press, 1996), was broadcast on BBC Woman’s Hour, translated into Russian and made into an opera premiered by the Tchaikovsky Opera and Ballet Company of Russia in 2017. Jenny has published three further collections Fathom and Taking Mesopotamia (Oxford Poets/ Carcanet, 2007/ 2014) and Gilgamesh Retold (Carcanet Classics, 2018) which was a New Statesman Book of the Year, a Carcanet Book of the Year, an LRB Bookshop Book of the Week and Carcanet’s first ever audiobook (2019). Jenny has also published three chapbooks from Mulfran Press in English and Arabic with the exiled Iraqi poet Adnan Al-Sayegh which are part of the award-winning, Arts Council-funded ‘Writing Mesopotamia’ project aimed at fostering friendships between English and Arabic-speaking communities. Her translation (with Ruba Abughaida and others) of Al-Sayegh’s work, Let Me Tell You What I Saw, was published by Seren in October 2020. Jenny is particularly interested in epic poetry and 'creative' translation - her PhD topic at Goldsmiths was 'Translating epic from an unfamiliar language'. Harry Man, MA Harry Man is a poet, editor and translator. His first book of poetry, Lift (Tall Lighthouse, 2013), won the UNESCO Bridges of Struga Award. He has been Poet in Residence at The Wordsworth Trust, Hurst Castle and the Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art among others. His pamphlet Finders Keepers illustrated by Sophie Gainsley was shortlisted for the Ted Hughes Award for New Work in Poetry, The Best Collaboration Award for Sabotage Reviews and was displayed at London’s Southbank Centre. His book-length collection of elegies, Deretter (‘Thereafter’) written collaboratively with the Norwegian poet Endre Ruset won a Northern Writers Award, the Stephen Spender Prize, was a Dagblaget Book of the Year and a finalist for the Iowa Review Awards. His work has been translated into 11 languages and he has been both a TOAST poetry fellow and a Hawthornden Fellow. He is also a Royal Literary Fund Fellow. Malachi McIntosh Malachi McIntosh writes fiction and nonfiction. Along with in his books Emigration and Caribbean Literature, and Beyond Calypso: Re-Reading Samuel Selvon, his writing has appeared in Fugue, the Caribbean Review of Books, Flash: The International Short-Short Story Magazine, The Guardian, The Journal of Romance Studies, Research in African Literatures, Under the Radar, The Independent, The Cambridge Companion to British Black and Asian Literature, and The Book of Birmingham. At Oxford, he is the Barbara Pym Tutorial Fellow at St Hilda’s College and an Associate Professor of World Literature. Jamie McKendrick Jamie McKendrick was born in Liverpool in 1955, lives in Oxford and has published seven books of poetry including The Marble Fly (1997), which won the Forward Prize, Out There (2012), which won the Hawthornden Prize and most recently Anomaly (2018). A selected poems, Sky Nails, was published by Faber in 2001 and a new Selected Poems was published in 2016. He edited The Faber Book of 20th-Century Italian Poems in 2004, and his translations of the six books of Giorgio Bassani’s The Novel of Ferrara were published individually by Penguin Modern Classics and in one volume by Norton. His translation of Valerio Magrelli’s poems, The Embrace, won the Oxford-Weidenfeld Prize and the John Florio Prize. He has translated Pier Paolo Pasolini’s verse play Fabrication, and Archipelago, the poems of Antonella Anedda, which also won the John Florio Prize. In 2019 he received the Cholmondeley Award. The Foreign Connection, a book of his writings on poetry, translation and art, was published in 2020, and his self-illustrated pamphlet of poems The Years (2020) won the Michael Marks Poetry Illustration award. Peter Moore Peter Moore is a non-fiction writer. His books Endeavour (2018) and The Weather Experiment (2015) have been Sunday Times Top Ten Bestsellers and his debut, Damn His Blood, was serialised as a BBC Radio 4 Book of the Week. His work has been translated widely and The Weather Experiment was chosen as one of the New York Times's 100 Notable Books of 2015. He freelances regularly for The Literary Review, presents a podcast called Travels Through Time and has been a writer in residence at Gladstone’s Library in Flintshire. Barney Norris Barney Norris’s work has received awards from the International Theatre Institute, the Critics’ Circle, the Evening Standard, the Society of Authors and the South Bank Sky Arts Times Breakthrough Awards, among others, and been translated into eight languages. His plays include Visitors, Nightfall, The Wellspring and an acclaimed adaptation of Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day; his novels include the bestselling Five Rivers Met on a Wooded Plain. Jamie Nuttgens, MA, PhD Jamie Nuttgens is an award-winning writer, producer and director in TV and Film with over 25 years experience working with writers across different genres and platforms. Following a career in Rep and Devised Theatre and as a Writer-Producer in Commercial Radio, he joined BBC Drama Serials to Script Edit Jimmy McGovern’s The Lakes. After a stint at Casualty he moved to ITV to produce The Bill and a spin-off series, Burnside. For Channel 4 he developed and co-produced Red Riding, a series of TV films based on David Peace’s Northern Noir novels. He has produced the award-winning work of UK Indian writer-director, Smita Bhide, including Cup & Lip, The Blue Tower (Best UK Feature Raindance Film Festival) and Another Planet (Golden Award IFF Goa). His own screenwriting has included Casualty, The Bill and Crossroads. He is currently Head of Drama at Ten66 Television (Black Lesbian Handbook / Love In The Flesh). At the Met Film School, Ealing Studios, he headed the MA in Screenwriting from 2013 to 2021, is currently teaching at Curtis Brown Creative and has been a visiting lecturer at NFTS, La Femis Paris, Stanford at Oxford, Northern Film School, University of Westminster, Polish Film School Lodz, and Blanquerna Barcelona. Tina Pepler, PhD Tina Pepler is a dramatist who works in radio and television. She has written extensively for BBC radio – original plays, dramatisations, and drama-documentaries – which have been broadcast on Radio 4, Radio 3 and the World Service. Her television work includes Say Hello to the Real Dr Snide, an original play for Channel 4; a two-hour historical drama, Princes in the Tower (Channel 4); and several episodes of the Victorian/Edwardian investigative drama-documentary series A Most Mysterious Murder (BBC1), which she co-wrote with Julian Fellowes. She also co-authored with him an episode of his television series Downton Abbey (ITV). Recent radio work includes the drama-documentaries Forgiving, Crisis, and Syria: Bread and Bombs (all BBC Radio 4). Work in development includes a drama series about Armenia (Cilicia) in the time of the Crusades and a new play for Radio 4 commissioned as part of the BBC's Centenary programming. Her first podcast was a four-part drama which appeared on HistoryHit early in 2019. She is a Consultant Fellow of the Royal Literary Fund, and with RLF sponsorship has run a series of workshops with refugees in Bristol. Tina has a PhD from Bristol University Drama Department. Her thesis, Discovering the Art of Wireless, was a study of creativity at the BBC in its infancy, with a particular focus on radio drama up until 1929. Sophie Ratcliffe Sophie Ratcliffe writes memoir, biography, criticism - and things that are a mixture of all three. She is Professor of Literature and Creative Criticism at the Faculty of English at the University of Oxford, and has published widely in the field of literature, emotion and histories of reading. Her first biography, P. G. Wodehouse: A Life In Letters (Hutchinson, 2011), took a relatively conventional approach to life-writing. Her recent, experimental memoir The Lost Properties of Love: An Exhibition of Myself (William Collins, 2019) was named as one of Prospect magazine’s books of the year. It is forthcoming in the USA, with Northwestern University Press, in April 2024 as Loss, A Love Story. A former judge for the Baillie Gifford and Wellcome Book Prizes, Sophie regularly reviews books for the national press. She is currently working on two projects: an academic book about libraries, children and gender – and something that might resemble a novel. John Retallack The author of twelve plays, John Retallack’s work has been translated into several languages and performed all around the UK as well as in Germany, Austria, Sweden, Holland and France. He has toured and directed productions in many countries including India, Japan and America as well as throughout Europe. His work has been awarded several prizes, including an Olivier, two Herald Angels, two TMA awards and a Fringe First. From 1977–85 he was the founding director of the still flourishing Actors Touring Company (ATC). He was Artistic Director of Oxford Stage Company (at the Oxford Playhouse) from 1989 to 1999. From 2001 to 2011, he was the founding director of the London-based Company of Angels, which continues to produce new and experimental work for young audiences. Six of his plays for Company of Angels are published by Oberon Books and two by Methuen. John’s play, Hannah and Hanna in Dreamland opened at the Marlowe Theatre in Canterbury in 2018 and is also published by Oberon Books. His adaptation of J.B. Priestley’s classic novel The Good Companions for Radio 4 was broadcast in the same year. He directed Unicorns, Almost, Owen Sheers’ play about the poet Keith Douglas for the Hay Festival. Unicorns, Almost was revived for the 2019 Edinburgh Festival and broadcast on Radio 3 in May 2020. He was the Royal Literary Foundation Fellow at Worcester College, Oxford for the period 2019-21. He is currently writing a memoir about his life, Theatremaking. Most recently, he adapted Sandro Veronesi's 2021 Strega prize-winning novel The Hummingbird for Radio 3 which was nominated for Best Audio Dramatisation, 2022, in the BBC Radio awards. Jane Rogers Jane Rogers, FRSL, writes novels, stories, and radio drama. She has set books in the present (Island) and the past (Mr Wroe’s Virgins) but she is increasingly drawn to future fiction. The Testament of Jessie Lamb won the Arthur C Clarke Award and was Man-Booker longlisted. Her most recent novel is Body Tourists, set in 2045. Her novels have won prizes ranging from the Somerset Maugham Award (Her Living Image) to the Writers Guild Best Fiction Award (Promised Lands), and she was BAFTA nominated for her adaptation of Mr Wroe’s Virgins for BBC2. Her original TV drama, Dawn and the Candidate, won the Samuel Beckett Award. Her first short story collection, Hitting Trees with Sticks, was shortlisted for the Edgehill Award, and the title story was shortlisted and broadcast for the BBC National Short Story Award. Her second collection, Fire Ready, is forthcoming later this year. Jane has also written original radio drama, and adapted 14 novels for the Classic Serial and Afternoon Play slots. She is currently working on an adaptation of Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day. She has been teaching writing to a wide range of students ever since she was first published, and is Emerita Professor of Writing at Sheffield Hallam University, where she helped set up the Writing MA.
4591	dbpedia	3	15	https://www.gla.ac.uk/news/headline_1062589_en.html	en	The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2024 new Fellows announced	https://www.gla.ac.uk/me…_786516_smxx.jpg	https://www.gla.ac.uk/me…_786516_smxx.jpg	[ "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/cog-white.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/ug-keyline.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/ug-keyline-large.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/marque.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/fb.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/tw.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/inst.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/yt.svg", "https://www.gla.ac.uk/3t4/img/svh.webp" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) has announced the 2024 cohort of new Fellows, and among the names are nine UofG academics.	en	/3t4/img/hd_hi.png		https://www.gla.ac.uk/news/headline_1062589_en.html	The Royal Society of Edinburgh has announced this year’s cohort of new Fellows, and among the names are nine University of Glasgow academics covering all four Colleges. Nominated for their individual excellence in a wide range of fields such as physics, chemistry, informatics, literature, law, social sciences, and business, they will be joining the 1,800 current Fellows of the RSE, Scotland’s National Academy. Among the 57 new Fellows elected to the Society from the University of Glasgow are: Professor Emma Thomson - Professor in Infectious Diseases (Virology), School of Infection & Immunity Professor Fiona Leverick - Professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, School of Law Professor Jason Gill - Professor of Cardiometabolic Health, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health Professor Kirsteen McCue - Professor of Scottish Literature and Song Culture, School of Critical Studies Professor Nicole Busby - Professor of Human Rights, Equality and Justice, School of Law Professor Ross Forgan - Professor of Supramolecular and Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry Professor Sayantan Ghosal - Adam Smith Chair in Political Economy, Adam Smith Business School Professor Sonja Franke-Arnold - Professor in Atom and Quantum Optics, School of Physics & Astronomy Professor Tom Guzik - Regius Chair of Physiology and Cardiovascular Pathobiology, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health President of the RSE, Professor Sir John Ball PRSE, said: “It is an immense honour to extend a warm welcome to each of our distinguished new Fellows. “Individually, they embody exceptional dedication and accomplishment spanning multiple sectors and disciplines. Collectively, they demonstrate a profound commitment and determination to make meaningful contributions through their endeavours. “From groundbreaking research that redefines our understanding to the creative pursuits that inspire and enrich our cultural landscape, the RSE proudly embraces the brightest minds, leveraging their unique expertise and perspectives for the betterment of society. “As Scotland’s National Academy, we remain committed to mobilising a diverse array of expertise to confront society's most pressing challenges, and I am certain that our new Fellows will prove invaluable assets to the RSE.” Armando Iannucci was elected as an Honorary Fellow, known for award-winning satirical films and programmes such as The Death of Stalin and The Thick of It. Alongside Armando Iannucci was another Honorary Fellow, health and social care expert, chair of both the Royal College of Physicians and Dementia UK, Professor David Croisdale-Appleby. Broadcaster and journalist Sally Magnusson was also elected for her charity work and her own dementia charity Playlist for Life. About the RSE The Royal Society of Edinburgh recognises, supports, and mobilises expertise from across academia, business, and public service for the benefit of Scotland and the wider world. Our 1,800 Fellows from across disciplines are among the most distinguished in their fields. We engage and connect nationally and internationally to share knowledge and tackle the most pressing challenges of the modern world.
4591	dbpedia	3	54	https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/66/20932/royal-society-of-edinburgh-elects-kiran-mazumdar-shaw-as-fellow.html	en	Royal Society of Edinburgh elects Kiran Mazumdar	https://www.biospectrumi…/kiran-20932.jpg	https://www.biospectrumi…/kiran-20932.jpg	[ "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/bundles/interlinksapp/app/app-asia/images/logo.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/bundles/interlinksapp/app/app-asia/images/india.png", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/kiran-20932.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/screenshot_31_7_2024_131346_-24947.jpeg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/get-24950.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/bio-24951.jpeg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/mr_saransh_chaudhary-24955.png", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/mr_sandeep_nailwal_founder_of_bfi_image_1-24954.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/daga-24956.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/dr_rajiv_lochan_lead_consultant_surgeon_hpb_liver_transplantation_surgery_manipal_hospitals_bangalore_-25027.jpeg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/2docs_23328-24988.jpeg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/screenshot_31_7_2024_12580_itbtst_karnataka_gov_in-24970.jpeg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/biotech-24961.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/octf_conference-24962.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/acq-24941.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/gen-24965.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/pic-24929.jpeg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/mental-24930.png", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/articles/pic2_-24925.JPG", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/bundles/interlinksapp/assets/global/img/ajax-loading.gif", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/uploads/static/bsi_august_2024_issue_cover_page_jpg_1_-129.jpg", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/bundles/interlinksapp/assets/global/plugins/owl-carousel/assets/img/AjaxLoader.gif", "https://www.biospectrumindia.com/bundles/interlinksapp/app/app-asia/images/MMA.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Royal Society of Edinburgh", "Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw", "Fellow" ]	null	[]	null	Mazumdar-Shaw will be joining RSE’s current Fellowship of around 1,700 Fellows	en	/favicon.ico		https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/66/20932/royal-society-of-edinburgh-elects-kiran-mazumdar-shaw-as-fellow.html	Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Executive Chairperson of Biocon and Biocon Biologics, has been elected as the Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE), Scotland’s National Academy established in 1783, for the advancement of learning and useful knowledge. Mazumdar-Shaw will be joining RSE’s current Fellowship of around 1,700 Fellows who are recognised as being some of the greatest thinkers, researchers and practitioners working in or with Scotland today. As Scotland’s National Academy, RSE uses the combined knowledge of its Fellows to provide independent expert advice to policymakers and inspire the next generation of innovative thinkers. This knowledge contributes to the social and economic wellbeing of Scotland, its people and the nation’s wider contribution to the global community. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw said: “It is inspiring to join this fellowship of luminaries from different walks of life who are striving for the economic and social well-being of the world. The Fellowship will provide me with an opportunity to work collectively and collaboratively with some of the greatest minds to solve the pressing issues of our times through innovative solutions for the greater good of mankind.” Mazumdar-Shaw is among the 80 luminaries to be appointed to the RSE’s Fellowship this year.
4591	dbpedia	2	18	https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/six-yas-alumni-elected-as-rse-fellows/	en	Six YAS Alumni elected as RSE Fellows : Young Academy of Scotland	https://www.youngacademy…-yas/favicon.png	https://www.youngacademy…-yas/favicon.png	[ "https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/RSE-MAIN-LOGO-BLACK-1-400x360.jpg", "https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/RSE-IWD24-SQ-800x600.jpg", "https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG-20240523-WA0004-800x600.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Madeleine Koster" ]	2024-04-09T09:42:00	We bring together young professionals from all sectors to work together	en	/favicon.ico		null	Our senior academy, The Royal Society of Edinburgh, has today announced 57 newly-elected Fellows. They will be joining the RSE’s current Fellowship, which comprises 1,800 people who are recognised as being some of the greatest thinkers, researchers and practitioners in their field working in or with organisations in Scotland today. We are delighted that six alumni of the Young Academy of Scotland are among them: Professor Stephen Brusatte, Professor of Palaeontology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh Professor Sarah Coulthurst, Professor of Microbial Interactions, University of Dundee Professor Marc Dweck, Professor of Clinical Cardiology, University of Edinburgh Professor Ross Forgan, Professor of Supramolecular and Materials Chemistry, University of Glasgow Professor Jonathan Fraser, Director of Research, Mathematics, University of St Andrews Professor Victoria Martin, Professor of Collider Physics, University of Edinburgh These new Fellows join 42 other YAS members and alumni who have previously been welcomed into the RSE. While YAS members do not automatically become Fellows, the increasing number of YAS members and alumni in the RSE Fellowship is a testament to the excellence, drive, and creativity of our members. To be appointed RSE Fellows, these individuals have undergone rigorous assessment of their achievements, professional standing and the contribution they and their work make to wider society. Professor Sir John Ball, President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, said: “It is an immense honour to extend a warm welcome to each of our distinguished new Fellows. Individually, they embody exceptional dedication and accomplishment spanning multiple sectors and disciplines. Collectively, they demonstrate a profound commitment and determination to make meaningful contributions through their endeavours. From groundbreaking research that redefines our understanding to the creative pursuits that inspire and enrich our cultural landscape, the RSE proudly embraces the brightest minds, leveraging their unique expertise and perspectives for the betterment of society. As Scotland’s National Academy, we remain committed to mobilising a diverse array of expertise to confront society’s most pressing challenges, and I am certain that our new Fellows will prove invaluable assets to the RSE.”
4591	dbpedia	0	6	https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/article/seismographs-at-eskdalemuir-observatory-1908-1925-tools-for-rethinking-the-origins-of-international-cooperation-in-seismology/	en	Seismographs at Eskdalemuir Observatory, 1908–1925: tools for rethinking the origins of international cooperation in seismology	https://journal.sciencem…g-1-ms_166_6.jpg	https://journal.sciencem…g-1-ms_166_6.jpg	[ "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/journal/assets/img/masthead.svg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-1-ms_166_6-1024x788.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-1-ms_166_6-1024x788.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-2-ms_166_21-b-1024x717.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-3-ms_166_61-1024x769.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-4-sspl_10284341_highres-1024x682.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-5-sspl_10326236_highres-758x1024.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-6-ms_166_64-1024x623.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-7-sspl_10284326_highres-1024x684.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-9-sspl_10308200_highres-646x1024.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/alex-rose.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-1-ms_166_6-125x125.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-2-ms_166_21-b-125x125.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-3-ms_166_61-125x125.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-4-sspl_10284341_highres-125x125.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-5-sspl_10326236_highres-125x125.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-6-ms_166_64-125x125.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-7-sspl_10284326_highres-125x125.jpg", "https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/fig-9-sspl_10308200_highres-125x125.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Elizabeth Haines", "Anna Woodham", "Tacye Phillipson", "Ben Russell", "Donata Miller", "Laura Humphreys", "Katy Barrett", "Elizabeth Bruton", "Catherine Dixon", "Lee Mackinnon" ]	2022-11-10T17:15:00+00:00	Four seismographs now preserved in the collections of the Science Museum Group were originally installed at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland, between 1908 and 1925. By attending to their provenance, this paper reconsiders the role of John Milne in forging international cooperation in seismology.	en	https://journal.sciencem…avicon-16x16.png	Science Museum Group Journal	https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/article/seismographs-at-eskdalemuir-observatory-1908-1925-tools-for-rethinking-the-origins-of-international-cooperation-in-seismology/	Eskdalemuir’s seismographs https://dx.doi.org/10.15180/211607/004 Milne twin-boom horizontal pendulum, no. 52 The first seismograph to be installed at Eskdalemuir was a horizonal pendulum instrument of Milne’s design. The ‘twin boom’ machine could register both east-west and north-south components of earth motion. Constructed in 1908 and commencing operation the following year, it was the 52nd such instrument to leave the R W Munro workshop (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1909, p 61; National Physical Laboratory, 1909, p 14). Although this might seem to speak to the instruments’ quality and success, and that of Milne’s seismograph network, two factors make this a more surprising decision than it might at first appear. Firstly, Milne was apparently sceptical about the value of Eskdalemuir as a site for seismology (Musson, 2013, p 823)[7]; despite the exhaustive accounts of new stations in the seismological network in his reports to the British Association, he paid only cursory attention to the Eskdalemuir instrument (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1909, p 61; British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1911, p 44). Given that the chief strength of the British network was its geographical spread – valuable for the accurate determination of earthquake centres – there was arguably limited scientific benefit to another instrument in such close proximity to existing British stations. Additionally, vibrations caused by the frequent high winds blowing from the North Atlantic were prone to disturbing sensitive seismological hardware. Despite an initiative to plant trees on the site to offer some shelter,[8] in 1913 the observatory report noted that for this reason ‘the tabulation of earthquakes in the winter months’ was ‘rendered difficult and in some cases impossible’ (Meteorological Office, 1915, p 98). Secondly, Milne’s seismograph had significant technical flaws. These were acknowledged candidly after his death in 1913: in reports to the British Association, former Eskdalemuir superintendent Walker and seismological committee chairman Herbert Hall Turner detailed a litany of issues with the instrument, particularly its low magnification and lack of damping. This resulted in frequent errors in interpreting its records. Turner claimed that in relation to the 1913 determinations of arrival times for P waves – the compression waves that travelled most rapidly through the Earth – only between 25 per cent and 40 per cent could be said to be ‘true readings’, much lower than for other seismograph designs (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1915, pp 46–69, especially pp 52–53). Yet it seems some of Milne’s peers voiced concerns long before this, since he was frequently moved to defend the device in his reports to the British Association. Even in 1898, when he visited the new seismological station at Strasburg, Milne downplayed the merits of the alternative instrument designs he saw there, some of which were more sensitive than his own; he reassured the committee that although each instrument had its own merits, there ‘did not appear to be any necessity to regret the choice which they have made’ (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1899, p 272). The following year, he expressed the ambivalent claim that the device yielded ‘results sufficiently accurate for the main objects in view’ (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1900, p 60). Likely prompted by growing concerns from the British Association seismological committee, he conducted a detailed comparison with Strasburg’s Rebeur-Ehlert pendulum, acknowledging the ‘comparative want of sensibility’ of his instrument but defending its accuracy, the fineness of its trace, and its more economic consumption of photographic paper (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1904, p 83). Nonetheless, the report of seismological observations at Kew in 1903 hints at the difficulties of interpreting the Milne instrument’s records. Of the 22 disturbances, six were annotated with remarks that the timing of the preliminary tremors was not clear, or which questioned whether the disturbance was seismic in origin at all (National Physical Laboratory, 1904, p 52). With all this in view, I argue that the decision to install the Milne horizontal pendulum at Eskdalemuir was a calculated, strategic and politically-motivated move. As noted above, it was not self-evident that seismology should be included within the programmes of the Meteorological Office’s observatories; this was due, in substantial part, to the interests and campaigns of Shaw and Shuster. Milne’s opposition to the ISA may have antagonised some of his peers, but nonetheless he had a wide-reaching network of allies and collaborators in Britain and overseas. He had also cultivated a significant public profile through writing and lecturing. Significantly, too, he amply supplemented the limited British Association grants for seismological work from his own pocket – a fact brought into sharp focus upon his death in 1913 (as discussed, for example, in British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1915, pp 41–42). These factors contributed to the dominance of Milne’s horizontal pendulum seismograph in Britain, and the resulting research programme that Greg Good has argued coalesced around the instrument (2000, p 285). Selecting another seismograph for Eskdalemuir risked antagonising Milne, whereas installing his device drew him into the observatory’s network of collaborators. A new design of recorder developed by maker Munro increased the speed of the recording drum to improve the registration of preliminary tremors.[9] Even so, Eskdalemuir staff struggled with the instrument’s faults, reporting in 1913 that they had attempted a modification by fitting an oil-based damping mechanism to one of the booms. This had exacerbated other problems, however: ‘the results were not promising owing to the loss of sensitivity incurred’ (Meteorological Office, 1915, p 100). Although Milne was broadly successful in quieting public criticisms of his horizontal pendulum design during his lifetime, after his death support for the instrument collapsed. Even as his friends penned gushing tributes and calls to preserve his seismological scheme, the British Association committee immediately actioned a succession plan for the problematic devices. Within weeks, chairman Herbert Hall Turner had written to the network’s participating stations with the joint objective of cajoling them to continue their observations, but also to invite their cooperation in upgrading the network’s hardware.[10] Less than a year later, during 1914, operation of Eskdalemuir’s Milne instrument ceased (Meteorological Office, 1916, p 118). As we will see below, the observatory also played a significant role in demonstrating the efficacy of an alternative seismograph and thus expediting the obsolescence of Milne’s design. Additionally, evidence relating to the other seismological instruments installed at Eskdalemuir indicates how the Milne seismograph was seen by scientists and administrators as being necessary, but certainly not sufficient, for their plans for their observatory. Wiechert inverted pendulum seismograph In 1909, the Eskdalemuir staff installed a Wiechert inverted pendulum instrument on what they termed the ‘experimental pier’ of the seismograph room (National Physical Laboratory, 1910, p 50). The instrument’s heavy mass sat atop a pillar pivoted at its base, and held in position by a system of springs. Unlike Milne’s instrument, the Wiechert design was damped, with air pistons preventing the pendulum’s own resonance from interfering with the recorded motion. Its smoked paper recording system yielded a finer trace than the photographic system with which Milne’s instrument was equipped. Friction between the stylus and the drum was mitigated using a counterweight (Shaw, 1936, p 78). Emil Wiechert was professor of the geophysics institute at the University of Göttingen. A skilled instrument designer, his seismographs were adopted and championed by the ISA, with the 1000-kilogram model particularly celebrated (Cremer, 2001, p 129). The machines were built and marketed by Göttingen maker Spindler & Hoyer. Prior to the Eskdalemuir instrument, none had yet been installed in Britain (Lovell and Henni, 1999). The funds were provided by the Gassiot Committee and Meteorological Office, but aspects of the installation and operation remain unclear from the sources consulted so far; I hope future research will shed light on these. One outstanding question is what – and who – motivated the selection of this particular seismograph. Plausibly Schuster advocated it, given his close relations with the ISA, although I have not yet found direct evidence of his influence. A further clue is suggested in the report of superintendent Walker to the Gassiot Committee in April 1910 that ‘the comparative observations on the results afforded by various forms of seismograph’ was to be continued.[11] It isn’t clear, however, whether this project motivated the installation of the Wiechert, or whether the value of this opportunity was recognised after its installation. There is no doubt, however, that Walker was severely displeased with the instrument’s function. In a damning memorandum to the Gassiot Committee in 1910, he complained that ‘[t]he workmanship is very poor, and the frame…wanting in rigidity’. Furthermore: the method of marking time intervals on the record disrupted the tracing levers; friction between the styli and paper meant tremors of small magnitude were not recorded; and the azimuth could not be correctly determined since the two components did not operate independently. ‘The amount of work involved in keeping the apparatus running is very considerable,’ Walker concluded, ‘and seems to give no adequate return.’[12] The Committee apparently conceded, and soon afterwards operation was suspended (Meteorological Office, 1911, p 41). This was initially a temporary measure, but based on subsequent annual reports, it was used infrequently. Two paradoxes present themselves from Walker’s testimony, however, and both invite further investigation. Firstly, in his memorandum he misdescribed the instrument as having a 200 kilogram mass; in the 1912 annual report and his 1913 textbook, he specified it as an 80 kilogram mass (Meteorological Committee, 1912, p 51; Walker, 1913, p viii). Spindler & Hoyer catalogues confirm that both sizes were manufactured, but there is no record of the instrument being altered or a new one procured, so Walker’s original account must have been wrong.[13] This might have been a simple human error, but it is an elementary one; how come he was so familiar with the technical details of the instrument’s faults, and presumably have played a key role in its purchase, and yet make this mistake? Another curiosity is that Walker should have found the instrument as unsatisfactory as he did, since in the decades to come, Wiechert seismographs would be championed by British scientists involved in the study of earthquake waves. Kew Observatory’s seismologist, Alwyn Walter Lee, declared it in 1939 ‘the most popular instrument’ that had mechanical (as opposed to photographic) registration (Milne and Lee, 1939, p 64). According to Cambridge geophysicist Harold Jeffreys, when invited to offer his opinion on the relative merits of instrument designs: ‘Far and away the best ordinary machine is the 1-ton Wiechert.’[14] Kew Observatory superintendent Francis Whipple recommended the design to enquirers from observatories worldwide during the 1930s, and claimed that the staff ‘frequently regretted that the Wiechert…went to the Science Museum instead of coming here’.[15] As acknowledged by the manufacturer, the lighter 80-kilogram instrument was less sensitive, but it remains unclear whether this alone was to blame for the challenges Eskdalemuir’s staff experienced. Golitsyn seismographs In 1910, the year after the Wiechert had been installed, Eskdalemuir’s seismological equipment was swelled further thanks to a donation by Arthur Schuster. Schuster viewed seismology as a constituent of the broad research programme of terrestrial physics he had cultivated at Manchester. Descended from a wealthy family of bankers, he was in a position to make a material contribution to further both his scientific interests and those of the Gassiot Committee (Howarth, 2004). He purchased for the observatory two seismographs designed by the Russian seismologist Boris Golitsyn; together, the instruments could register both horizontal components of earth motion. Two years later he donated a vertical seismograph. Without Schuster’s assistance, it seems unlikely such instruments would have been obtained for the observatory due to their considerable expense: in contrast with the relatively simple Milne device, costing approximately £50 or £60 depending on specification, a three-component Golitsyn suite was at least five times the price.[16] In contrast to the mechanical systems of the Milne and Wiechert instruments, Golitsyn’s device registered earthquake waves electromagnetically: the heavily damped pendulum carried a coil of fine wire which moved within the field of a pair of horseshoe magnets. The slight motions of the pendulum were detected using a galvanometer, which reflected a beam of light from a lamp to the recording drum, upon which a trace was registered photographically.[17] The horizontal instruments were installed ‘under the personal supervision’ of Golitsyn in July 1910. This high-profile visit also lured to the site John Milne, who to date had not engaged closely with the seismological activities at Eskdalemuir. Superintendent George Walker was delighted to report Milne’s interest to his governors (Meteorological Committee, 1911, p 43). Walker described the new instruments for Nature, noting their use in Russia and rapid adoption by the ‘principal Continental observatories’ (W[alker], 1910, p 218). The cutting-edge hardware transformed the observatory’s seismological capability. While Milne’s instrument could do little more than indicate the arrival time of earthquake waves, the Golitsyns generated a more faithful record of the Earth’s motion, enabling detailed analysis of, for example, the amplitudes of different phases.[18] Also, significantly, they enabled observatory staff to locate an earthquake’s epicentre using the records from a single suite of instruments, as opposed to comparing records from instruments in different geographical locations, as was necessary with Milne and Wiechert seismographs. The devices had downsides. As well as being expensive to purchase they also cost more to run, since they consumed more photographic paper. They also required more floor space in the observatory, and when they went wrong they generally needed expert attention. Additionally, making observations was a two-person job – and a skilled one. Even routine maintenance required ‘a working knowledge of algebra’; analysis of the records demanded ‘higher mathematics, and particularly elementary differential equations’ (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1915, p 60). During discussions in the 1920s regarding the eventual transfer of the instruments to Kew, the then superintendent estimated that the minimum time required by an assistant to keep the instrument running was around 20 hours per month, but original research was impossible without a full-time seismological observer.[19] Initially it seemed the instruments were well-suited to conditions at Eskdalemuir, where strong winds regularly interfered with the other seismographs. Walker reported that when winds exceeded 30 miles per hour, it was difficult to distinguish air tremors from small earthquakes using the Milne instrument. In contrast, ‘there is no difficulty in distinguishing which is which on the Galitzin records. The record of a small earthquake is totally different from the record of wind disturbance’ (Meteorological Office, 1911, p 41). This positive evaluation was subsequently tempered; in particular, the Golitsyns’ acute sensitivity to temperature variation plagued the staff, who had to continually adjust the pendulums to render observations viable (Meteorological Office, 1927, p 113). Ōmori seismograph no. 2 During 1911, the observatory acquired yet another instrument, this one designed by Japanese seismologist Ōmori Fusakichi. Ōmori had been a student at the Imperial University of Tokyo whilst Milne was stationed there, studying under Sekiya Seikei – the world’s first professor of seismology. After a spell continuing his postgraduate studies in Italy and Germany, Ōmori returned in 1897 to succeed Sekiya as professor and as secretary to Japan’s state-funded Earthquake Investigation Committee (Davison, 1927, pp 210–211). His research was broad-ranging and he was a prolific writer in both Japanese and English. His visit to California in the wake of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake had raised his profile further amongst the Anglophone seismological community. The summer of 1910 witnessed a flurry of enthusiasm for Japanese culture and industry in Britain. London’s White City hosted the Japan – British Exhibition, marking the renewal of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. In July The Times published an article by Ōmori on ‘Seismology in Japan’, in which he highlighted the contributions of European and American practitioners in promoting the scientific study of earthquakes (Ōmori, 1910). British newspapers also acknowledged the publication across the Atlantic of a celebratory feature on Japanese seismology. American seismologist Thomas Jaggar was awed by the advanced state of earthquake research he had encountered in Tokyo (1910, reported in, for example, Anon, 1910b). Seismographs based on Ōmori’s design were almost entirely absent in Britain. The only other known example was operated from about 1903 by teacher and geologist Charles Davison in Birmingham (Lovell and Henni, 1999). However, they were distributed widely elsewhere in the early decades of the twentieth century; researchers in 2004 traced more than 100 instruments in observatories around the world (Batlló et al, 2004, p 701–703). The most common model was one commercialised by Strasburg maker J. & A. Bosch brothers, who created an affordable instrument which both performed reliably and was relatively easy to operate. As Gregory Clancey has argued, this partnership likely benefitted Japanese seismologists as they actively sought closer alignment with the German-administered ISA rather than the British scheme (2006, p 170). Eskdalemuir’s device was not a Bosch-Ōmori seismograph, however, but was an early model – only the second of its type – constructed in Tokyo in 1898. It combined a horizontal pendulum mechanism with an auxiliary inverted pendulum, the latter of which enabled fine adjustment, and employed a smoked-paper recording system (Wartnaby, 1957, p 30). Ōmori no. 2 had been an exhibit at the Japan – British exhibition, exemplifying both Japanese innovation and the fruitful collaboration between scientific practitioners from both nations. Milne negotiated with Mano Bunji, the Japanese Commissioner and President of the Earthquake Investigation Committee, to arrange a two-year loan of the seismograph following its display, arguing that if installed at Eskdalemuir there would be an opportunity to compare four different instrument designs. This proposal met with approval from the Gassiot Committee, although may not have been pursued with the convenience of Eskdalemuir’s staff in mind; in spring 1911 Walker reported that ‘[a]rrangements for installing the apparatus at the observatory are still under consideration’ (Meteorological Committee, 1911, p 43). The following year, however, the additional labour of running this instrument alongside the rest of the suite prompted a £450 grant from the Royal Society to support a ‘Professional Assistant’ in seismology. Cambridge University student, L Southerns duly joined Eskdalemuir’s staff in 1912 (Meteorological Committee, 1912, p 10).[20] When the agreed two-year loan of the instrument expired, it was permanently gifted to the observatory by the Japanese Education Department who ‘accepted the present of an English watch in lieu of the return of the seismograph’ (Meteorological Committee, 1913, p 57). Its early operation at the observatory was inauspicious. A major earthquake in 1912 was not recorded due to a defective multiplying lever; Milne supplied its replacement (Meteorological Committee, 1912, p 51). While data from the instrument were not regularly tabulated or incorporated into Eskdalemuir’s bulletins, the staff found the immediately visible smoked paper records a useful backup ‘in case of any loss of record given by the photographic recorders’; they also observed that particular types of earth movement – specifically ‘[l]ocal vibrations of a rapid nature’ – were more clearly registered by the Ōmori than the other instruments (Meteorological Office, 1915, p 98). On occasion the staff temporarily modified the device in order to carry out specific experimental work, including into small-magnitude microseisms (Meteorological Office, 1916, p 119). Milne-Shaw horizontal pendulum no.3 As discussed above, the British Association quickly sprang into action after Milne’s death to replace the problematic horizontal pendulum instruments with a more suitable design. John Johnson Shaw, an amateur seismologist and close collaborator of Milne, had already designed a device based on the existing instrument but with higher magnification and an electromagnetic damping system; the British Association committee backed this approach as their best means of improving the quality of the observations. The so-called ‘Milne-Shaw’ device addressed the most substantial problems of the Milne pendulum whilst demanding few changes to operational procedures. In his circular to the network’s participating stations, Turner expressed his hope that some might be prepared to support this ‘advantageous new departure’ and purchase one of the updated instruments. He advised they should run it as an additional component alongside their existing Milne instrument so that a fair comparison between the seismographs could be obtained. Since Milne’s rapport with station operators had been critical in establishing the network in the first place, he stressed there had been no dissent between Milne and the committee: ‘The alterations were the outcome of discussions with Prof. Milne, and had his full approval.’[21] Unsurprisingly, it proved challenging to persuade observatory personnel to invest time and money in a new and unproven instrument. Consequently, initially the only Milne-Shaw installations were in Britain, with the first at Bidston Observatory, near Liverpool.[22] Instrument no.3 was erected at Eskdalemuir in 1915, to test it against the Wiechert and Golitsyn machines. The committee deemed its performance satisfactory, generating a record which was ‘strictly comparable’ with the latter instrument – albeit by giving a measure of the amplitude of ground movement, rather than of velocity as did the Golitsyns’ galvanometers (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1916, p 57, p 77). Testing complete, the following year the committee were unequivocal about their priorities: It is submitted that the most important work of the Committee for the present lies in replacing the Milne machines, either (where possible) by Galitzin machines or (where the expense of Galitzin machines, both capital and working expenses, is judged too great) by M-S machines (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1917, p 32, emphasis in original). Unlike Eskdalemuir’s other seismographs from this period, Milne-Shaw no.3 was not ultimately transferred to the Science Museum’s collections. With its intended experimental function at Eskdalemuir completed, it was relocated to the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh in 1919 (British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1920a, p 216), and later acquired by the Royal Scottish Museum (now National Museums Scotland).[23] Eskdalemuir and international seismological cooperation https://dx.doi.org/10.15180/211607/005 Tracing the biographies of these instruments reveals that Eskdalemuir was a unique seismological site in Britain thanks to its international suite of seismographs. More than this, however, the choices made relating to instrument selection, and the routes by which they came to be installed in the observatory, are suggestive of underlying political agendas of Britain’s seismological practitioners. Within Eskdalemuir’s seismograph room, the influence of personal and nationalistic agendas upon international collaborations comes into sharp focus. John Milne’s hostility to the fledgling ISA project arose from his fears that it threatened the status of the British Association’s seismograph project, upon which he had staked his entire career and reputation. From the earliest international conferences, this antagonism placed him at odds with some of his peers, even within the seismological committee. In 1909, one of the British Association’s general secretaries lamented the ‘unfortunate dispute’: On the one hand [George] Darwin and [Richard] Glazebrook aver that Milne will have nothing to do with the International Committee, thinking it wishes to use his material and an investigation which he originated, and that he puts obstructions in the way of that Committee. [John] Perry and Milne throw the blame on the International Committee and think that Milne, who has made earthquakes his life-long study, should be allowed to continue his investigation by himself without any interference from the International Committee.[24] Milne’s objections were longstanding. He had attended the 1903 international conference at Strasburg, along with fellow committee member George Darwin, and both men submitted memoranda to the Foreign Office after the event. Darwin expressed reservations about the proposed scheme’s limited funding, and the inefficiencies of its organisation. However, he advocated Britain’s involvement, both because of the scientific benefits that would ensue from ‘a better co-ordination’ of seismological work, and because he believed that ‘British interests will be better protected by our joining the Association than by our standing aloof’.[25] In contrast, Milne strongly opposed the locating of the central bureau at Strasburg – a site ‘without any seismological organization’. He appealed to the government’s vanity by highlighting their involvement in Britain’s seismological network, and, before this, the installation of a seismograph of British construction in Tokyo in the 1880s, during his own tenure in Japan: When we remember that the first attempt to obtain International co-operation was made through H. B. M.’s Minister the late Sir Harry Parkes and the Japanese Foreign Office in 1883 and that the existing co-operation was obtained largely in consequence of the action taken by the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office and the India Office in 1897, it seems doubtful whether all the existing members of this body would regard the subordination of their present centre as desirable.[26] Arthur Schuster was also a key voice in these unfolding discussions. He was vocal and active champion for international cooperation in science, which he believed could be an instrument of peace; he particularly believed that terrestrial physics was a key domain in which such cooperation could fruitfully be cultivated. As he argued in a Friday Evening Discourse at the Royal Institution in 1906: The cooperation of different nations in the joint investigation of the constitution of the terrestrial globe, of the phenomena which take place at its surface, and of the celestial bodies which shine equally upon all, directs attention to our common interests and exposes the artificial nature of political boundaries (Schuster, 1906, p 259). While he praised the British Association’s seismological scheme, he noted that ‘the needs of different countries are not, and were not meant to be, completely satisfied by this organisation’. He begged to express his personal view that ‘the permanent interests of this country would be best secured by our joining the [International Seismological A]ssociation and helping to direct its work in a manner which would assist rather than hamper the present organisation of the British Association’ (1906, pp 257–258). The previous year, Schuster had been offered the presidency of the ISA in an attempt to secure Britain’s involvement. He had declined, apologising to a Reich government representative that the threat Milne perceived to the independence of his work presented a substantial obstacle (Cremer, 2001, p 122). However, he was forthright to his peers at the Royal Society. ‘If we refuse to join we may stand alone’, he stressed, as France and the United States seemed poised to confirm their affiliation. At the same time, he argued for greater financial support for the British Association’s network, and the safeguarding of the status of Milne’s Shide observatory by insisting that Milne deal with all correspondence between the ISA and stations within the British Empire.[27] This crucial context illuminates both the acquisition of a Milne horizontal pendulum as Eskdalemuir’s first seismograph – a signal of allegiance to Britain’s home-grown seismological scheme, despite the known faults of the device – and the rapid adoption of alternative instruments which were preferred by the ISA. Furthermore, Schuster carefully choreographed the installation of the vertical Golitsyn seismograph that he donated to the observatory in 1911, so that it would serve as a public statement of Britain’s commitment to the international project. Manchester, the site of Schuster’s university, hosted that year’s international conference, and the newly-designed vertical component was exhibited at the meeting before its presentation to Eskdalemuir. During the conference, delegates made the lengthy journey by rail and road to tour the observatory (Meteorological Committee, 1912, pp 51–52). While there, they saw the two-component Golitsyn operating alongside Milne’s instrument. This visit emphasised that Milne’s Shide observatory was not the sole nexus of seismological activity in Britain, and that observations in Britain were made with cutting-edge instruments that had emerged from other nation’s research programmes. It is unlikely to be a coincidence that Milne began to publicise the visitors he had received at his own observatory at around the same time; from 1910, these exhaustive lists of British and international guests became part of the regular preamble to the reports he submitted to the British Association. Viewed in this light, his efforts in arranging the transfer of the Ōmori seismograph to Eskdalemuir might also be seen as a reaction against Schuster’s agenda towards closer affiliation with the ISA, and an act of self-promotion. The instrument, after all, was not a cutting-edge design, being already 13 years old by the time it was delivered to Scotland. Additionally, given Milne’s reservations about the scientific value of the site, he might easily have chosen to install the instrument at Shide instead where he could oversee its operation. Yet at Eskdalemuir, the Ōmori seismograph served as a persistent physical reminder to Schuster, the observatory staff, and the members of the Gassiot committee of Milne’s connections with the Japanese government, and the extent to which his influence had shaped Britain’s seismological practice.
4591	dbpedia	0	95	https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373890	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
4591	dbpedia	1	61	https://www.kfki.hu/~cheminfo/polanyi/9602/sci2.html	en	SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE AND POLITICS			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	A PRELIMINARY LOOK AT BLACKETT AND POLANYI IN MANCHESTER (Revised version of a paper presented at the University of Manchester, 23 May 1995) Previous part In the fall of 1935 Melvin Calvin arrived in Manchester from the University of Minnesota, in order to begin a two-year postdoctoral period with support from Polanyi's Rockefeller Foundation funding. Calvin began by studying platinum-hydrogen activation systems, but found Polanyi speculating that biological oxidation might depend on a catalytic hydrogenation reaction taking place on a porphyrin molecule (like heme or chlorophyll) analogously to hydrogenation with platinum. Upon hearing that R. P. Linstead had just synthesized the porphyrin analog phthalocyanine at Imperial College, Polanyi sent Calvin to London to learn how to make and purify the phthalocyanine molecule. Calvin, E. G. Cockbain, and D. D. Eley then used phthalocyanine to study hydrogen activation in biologically-significant reactions.[23] Calvin, who spent most of his career at Berkeley, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961 for his work on chlorophyll and photosynthesis, work that was strongly influenced by the early studies of hydrogen catalysts, the use of deuterium as a tracer element, and investigations in Polanyi's laboratory on chemiluminescence. In recalling his years at Manchester, Calvin noted fondly a personal closeness to Polanyi that was not duplicated when they were colleagues at Oxford in 1967. He also noted that by the end of his stay in Manchester, in 1937, Polanyi was becoming more difficult to talk to about chemistry and more focussed on economics and philosophy, which was of less interest to Calvin.[24] At Berlin Polanyi had about twenty-five collaborators in his laboratory in the early 1930s. I am not sure how many there were in Manchester. Lively colloquia and seminars had been common, and indeed famous, in Berlin, in the 1920s and early 1930s. Wednesday seminars in theoretical physics at the University of Berlin were the way people met each other, usually attended by some 150 to 200 people.[25] At Manchester there was a considerably smaller but nonetheless lively community of physical scientists and a tradition of joint colloquia of chemists and physicists, although I do not know whether there are records of them. The historian of Manchester chemistry G. N. Burkhardt noted that Polanyi organized research colloquia that sometimes lasted several days.[26] Manchester, like Berlin, was a site of regular visitors by foreigners in the early decades of the 1900s. During the forced Jewish exodus from central Europe during 1933-1934, Hans Bethe and Rudolf Peierls were in Bragg's Manchester laboratory for a time before Bethe moved to Cornell University and Peierls went over to the Cavendish and then took a post in Birmingham.[27] As suggested above, there were close connections between Manchester and Princeton University through the Hungarians Wigner and von Neumann, as well as through Henry Eyring and the British-born and educated Hugh Taylor.[28] It needs to be noted too, that just as in the laboratories in Berlin, so in Manchester there were close links, and often financial arrangements, between the laboratory and local industry. This had to do with the technology of electric-bulbs and gas illumination, photography, textiles, and pharmaceuticals, as well as vacuum and machine technology. The German tradition of precision instrumentation may have been missed by Polanyi when he first came to Manchester, and Blackett and others may have overly romanticized the British backwardness of string and sealing wax, but the reciprocity between innovations in the physical laboratory and in industry was clear to everyone by the mid-1930s. In 1933 Blackett wrote a superb essay addressing some of these points. Entitled `The Craft of Experimental Physics,' written for a volume on university studies at Cambridge; it is an essay which bears reading for its every word and nuance.[29] A graduate of the University of Cambridge, Blackett never took a Ph.D. Among his first experiments in Rutherford's laboratory was a series of photographs of vapor tracks in a cloud chamber confirming the ejection of a hydrogen nucleus from a recoiling nitrogen atom that had been bombarded by alpha particles. From 20,000 photographs and 400,000 tracks, a few were selected and published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in 1925. These widely-reprinted photographs confirmed Rutherford's theory and made Blackett's reputation as a young physics star.[30] Following a year with James Franck in Gttingen, where he became acquainted with Heisenberg among others, Blackett returned to the Cavendish where he continued to improve methods of detection of charged particles and became interested in cosmic rays as they were becoming a major field of controversy. This interest led to a stunning paper with G.P.S. Occhialini who had come to work with Blackett in 1930. In late 1932 the two captured in photographs the track of a positive electron in a shower of cosmic rays. The experimental success was seated in the clever design by Blackett using Geiger counters to trigger expansion of the gas in the Wilson chamber. The theoretical explanation lay in the quantum-mechanical theory of Paul Dirac and Dirac's prediction of an anti-matter for the electron, a kind of energy hole. Dirac was sufficiently interested in Blackett's experiments that he was often at the laboratory.[31] Carl Anderson, who detected the anti-particle in Pasadena, told Charles Weiner in an interview, that although he published before them, the Blackett-Occhialini paper was the first to clearly bring out the idea of pair production as the proper explanation of the experimental effect.[32] Blackett's move to Birkbeck College in 1933 coincided with the establishment at Cambridge of the new Royal Society Mond Laboratory for Kapitza. Blackett doubtless wanted a laboratory of his own, which was made possible by the offer of a professorship at Birkbeck. Blackett had frustrations with Rutherford at this time that were shared by James Chadwick, among others.[33] The laboratory facilities at Birkbeck were disappointing, however, and remained so. Otto Frisch arrived there in October 1933 on the recommendation of Otto Stern and later recalled that the lab steward considered it an extravagance to buy even an extra piece of rubber tubing. Frisch began to buy his supplies at Woolworth's, including pencil caps for the geiger counters that he used in looking for gamma radiation produced by the annihilation of positrons with electrons. There were no formal seminars, but there were informal discussions over lunch or over tea about the nature and properties of cosmic rays, the positron, the neutrino, and the discovery in Paris of artificial radioactivity.[34] In 1937 Blackett succeeded Bragg at Manchester. He wrote Rutherford of his pleasure at the greatly increased facilities that Manchester would provide him. To succeed Schuster, Rutherford, and Bragg, he wrote, would be very different than coming to Birkbeck. Nor was Manchester unfamiliar, since Blackett had been external examiner there for three years.[35] Records of negotiations for the Manchester position are not to be found in the Blackett Papers at the Royal Society, but Bernard Lovell notes that sweeping changes occurred at Manchester immediately after Blackett's arrival. A departmental library was established, the dark brown walls were painted, workshops were shifted around, and adjacent domains were seized for installation of a large magnet and cloud chamber. Lovell notes that reassignments of Manchester personnel were made: of the original members of Bragg's staff, only S. Tolansky stayed on to carry on present research. J. M. Nuttall and E. C. Scott-Dickson took on the brunt of senior and junior teaching, with Lovell and G. D. Rochester serving as assistant lecturers. Douglas Hartree was reappointed from a professorship of applied mathematics to a chair of theoretical physics.[36] Blackett's later support of Lovell's work in the development of radio astronomy was central to Lovell's achievements at Jodrell Bank after the War. Blackett brought with him from Birkbeck L. Janossy and J. G. Wilson. Visitors in the next years included Occhialini and B. Rossi, as well as Homi Jehangir Bhaba and Walther Heitler. Whereas Blackett was working in his research on the hypothesis that the very penetrating particles in cosmic rays were electrons, Heitler and Bhaba, who previously had worked with Blackett at the Cavendish (taking his Ph.D. in 1935), believed the penetrating particles were photons.[37] Both views were wrong. Photographs taken by Carl Anderson confirmed in 1937 that penetrating cosmic-ray particles existed having a mass intermediate between electrons and protons, giving support to Hideki Yukawa's theory of nuclear forces using a particle about 200 times heavier than the electron. However, Anderson's particle, later called the mu-meson or muon, did not have the precise properties required by Yukawa's theory. At a conference in Copenhagen in 1938 Blackett agreed to the view that cosmic ray particles were heavier than electrons and he continued the search at Manchester for more mesons.[38] This search spanned the next decade and more, interrupted by the Second World War, when Nuttall ran the physics department and Blackett returned only two or three times a year to Manchester from his responsibilities in the war office in London.[39] As recalled by Léon Rosenfeld, who succeeded Hartree as Professor of Theoretical Physics, the search for mesons was a far-flung one, using both a huge machine with two magnets and more modest equipment in a corner of the laboratory.[40] In 1947 Occhialini and Cecil F. Powell found Yukawa's particle, the pi-meson or pion, in cosmic rays in Bristol. That same year Rochester and C. C. Butler found two neutral particles, the so-called V particles which were to figure in a new theory of "strange particles." But for two years they could not find more V particles. Rosenfeld recalled Blackett's attitude: He was not deterred by flops. He stood firm that the initial V particles were not accidents, just tracks coming together, after examining every conceivable interpretation of the tracks. He was certain that they were genuine particles coming from the nucleus and he arranged for the equipment to be put in a laboratory at 2,800 meters on the Jungfrau. The very first day Rochester and Butler had positive results.[41] By 1947 Blackett had become involved fully in research again at Manchester after a hiatus during the war. His work in operations research during wartime was another application of his craftsmanship in physics, both in theory and in practice, as well as an application of his expertise in administrative management and his conviction that the scientist has responsibility to bring the benefits of science to fellow citizens. S.S. Schweber and Mike Fortun have discussed the confidence of Blackett and other Anglo-American operations-research scientists in the conformity of rationality with computability, as well as their employment in problems of military strategy of kinds of probabilistic assumptions and mathematical techniques used in particle physics.[42] During this wartime period Blackett also was a member of the MAUD committee, headed by George Thomson, that advised the government to aid development of an atomic bomb in North America. During the years from 1940-1945 Blackett kept in touch with his Manchester colleagues, including Michael Polanyi, who sometimes felt distanced by the bureaucracy surrounding Blackett at the Admiralty.[43] Polanyi, who was excluded from the war effort because of his foreign [Austrian] citizenship, devoted more and more time to matters of philosophy and social theory. In March of 1941 Polanyi joined with John D. Baker, a lecturer in zoology at Oxford University, and Arthur George Tansley, Oxford's retired Sherardian Professor of Botany, in founding the Society for Freedom in Science. In response to their circular soliciting members, Max Born wrote Blackett from Edinburgh that he could not join the society if freedom of science was coupled to an attack on planning, adding that such a society was condemned to futility if founded on principles that exclude socialist scientists.[44] By 1947, Polanyi was firmly committed to what might be characterized as a new career in social and epistemological philosophy. He and Blackett disagreed on many matters but continued their friendship. The following year, in 1948, it was announced that Blackett singly would be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Yukawa received it the following year and Powell in 1950. As letters of congratulations poured into Blackett's office, some of them mentioned not only the Nobel award but also the recent publication and reviews of Blackett's argument against the further development of nuclear weapons, a book that C. H. Waddington praised as a model for a scientific contribution to politics.[45] Harlow Shapley wrote Blackett from the Harvard College Observatory how pleased he was to hear of the Nobel award and that Blackett's book was causing quite a stir in the United States.[46] But, unlike Polanyi, Blackett had not left science for politics. In May 1947 he announced, firmly if cautiously, a new universal law based on the premise that the rotation of a massive body, including the earth, creates a magnetic field and that this law of magnetism, if broadly confirmed, held the key to a unified theory of gravitational and electromagnetic phenomena. The theory even had historical roots in Manchester, since an earlier and simpler version had been proposed by Arthur Schuster in 1891. The 1947 announcement brought a good deal of instant publicity to Manchester, as science reporters followed Blackett to his home in the suburb of Rusholme and to his laboratory at the University.[47] During the next five years Blackett discussed his magnetic theory with many colleagues, most of whom, including Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrdinger, and Albert Einstein, were skeptical. Blackett launched a campaign for confirmation, enlisting astronomers and geophysicists worldwide to aid him with old information and new tests.[48] He contacted engineers in the Royal Aircraft Establishment to help with the design of a precision magnetometer to detect small magnetic fields associated with a spinning disk.[49] The result, in a case study that I am exploring in detail, was Blackett's own announcement in 1952 that his theory was false. However, by the time he left Manchester for Imperial College in 1953, he was heartened that his work was confirming the newly emerging geophysical theory of continental drift and what would become known as "plate tectonics." [50] One of the last major conferences co-organized by Blackett was in 1965 at the Royal Society. The topic was not particle physics, but continental drift.[51] The intersecting careers of Patrick Blackett and Michael Polanyi provide a broad window into scientific practice and scientific politics in modern Britain, both within an international setting and within the local setting of Manchester from the 1930s to the 1950s. The intellectual interests of the two men were wide-ranging and their different influences in the practice of physical science and the discourse about science and politics was substantial. If Polanyi missed out on a single great achievement, he was nonetheless a distinguished scientist whose contributions to the philosophy of science likely are even more widely known than his scientific work. Blackett's scientific career was one of striking achievements in experimental physics, crowned by the Nobel Prize, although his one foray into shaping a revolutionary physical theory failed. He saved this late work from complete discredit because of his open-minded approach to the confirmation of theory and his experimental skill. Blackett's statements about the practice of scientific method and the nature of scientific knowledge, though less extensive and systematic than Polanyi's, are valuable for their insights and encouragements in the tradition of scientific apprenticeship. They merit comparison with Polanyi's views. Many of the disagreements between the two friends were fundamental to the philosophical and political debate between traditional liberalism and modern socialism. The agreements between them help define the parameters or norms for objectivity and progress in the scientific enterprise. The parallel, but intersecting, scientific lives of Michael Polanyi and Patrick Blackett thus provide a valuable means of studying scientific practice and scientific politics in modern Britain. Note I am pleased to acknowledge permissions for consulting the following archival collections: Archives for the History of Quantum Physics, Niels Bohr Library, American Institute of Physics; The Papers of W. Lawrence Bragg, Royal Institution of Great Britain; The Papers of Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Royal Society, London. Research for this paper was supported by National Science Foundation Grant #SBR-9321305, as well as research funding from the University of Oklahoma (George Lynn Cross Research Professor's fund, 1993) and Oregon State University (Thomas Hart and Mary Jones Horning Endowment fund, 1995). The paper was written while I was a By-Fellow, Churchill College, University of Cambridge. Notes 23. Michael Polanyi, Melvin Calvin, and E. G. Cockbain, `Activation of Hydrogen by Phthalocyanine and Copper Phthalocyanine, I.,' Trans. Faraday Soc., 32 (1936), 1436 ff; Michael Polanyi, Melvin Calvin, and D. D. Eley, `Activation of Hydrogen by Phthalocyanine and Copper Phthalocyanine, II.,' Trans. Faraday Soc., 32 (1936), 1443 ff. 24. Melvin Calvin, `Memories of Michael Polanyi in Manchester,' Tradition and Discovery, 18, #2 (1991-1992), pp. 40-42. 25. Interview of Polanyi with Kuhn, pp. 3-4. 26. Burkhardt, 1954, p. 457. 27. Rudolf Peierls, Bird of Passage. Recollections of a Physicist (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985). 28. H. Austin Taylor and Hugh S. Taylor were brothers who took Ph.D. degrees in physical chemistry at Liverpool. M. G. Evans went to Princeton in 1933 to work with Hugh S. Taylor. 29. P.M.S. Blackett, `The Craft of Experimental Physics,' pp. 67-96 in Harold Wright, (ed.), University Studies. Cambridge 1933 (London: Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1933). 30. P.M.S. Blackett, `The Birth of Nuclear Science,' pp. 380-382, The Listener, March 1954, one of three BBC talks. B.116, Blackett Papers, Royal Society Library. And P.M.S. Blackett, `The Ejection of Protons form Nitrogen Nuclei, Photographed by the Wilson Method,' Proc. R. Soc. Lond, A107 (1925), 349 ff. 31. Interview of P.M.S. Blackett with John L. Heilbron, 17 December 1962, Imperial College, p. 3, Sources for the History of Quantum Physics, Niels Bohr Library, American Institute of Physics. Of the Geiger counter, Blackett reminisced that at that time, "In order to make it work you had to spit on the wire on some Friday evening in Lent." 32. Interview of Carl Anderson with Charles Weiner, 30 June 1966, at Caltech, p. 16, Sources for the History of Quantum Physics, Niels Bohr Library, American Institute of Physics. P.M.S. Blackett and G. P. S. Occhialini, `Photography of Penetrating Corpuscular Radiation,' Nature, 130 (1933), 363 ff. Also P.M.S. Blackett, J. Chadwick and G.P.S. Occhialini, `New Evidence for the Positive Electron,' Nature, 131 (1933), 473 ff; and P.M.S. Blackett, `The Positive Electron,' Nature, 132 (1933), 917; etc. In an interview of James Chadwick with Charles Weiner, 15-20 April 1969, in Cambridge, England, (SHQP, NBL, AIP) Chadwick and Weiner discussed Millikan's showing Anderson's photographs at the Cavendish in 1932 and saying that this was something he could not explain (p. 66). 33. In a letter from James Chadwick to Blackett, 18 November 1971 from Cambridge, he wrote of Rutherford's reluctance to develop nuclear physics in the 1930s. Blackett Papers, J.18, Royal Society Library. Also see Jeffrey Hughes, `Brains in their fingertips': Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory, 1880-1940,' pp. 160-176 in Richard Mason, (ed.), Cambridge Minds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 172-175. 34. Interview of Otto R. Frisch with Charles Weiner, 3 May 1967, in New York City at AIP, Sources for History of Quantum Physics, Niels Bohr Library, American Institute of Physics, pp. 19-25. 35. Letter from P.M.S. Blackett to Ernest Rutherford, dated 5 July 1937, Blackett Papers, B. 136, Royal Society Library. 36. Lovell, Biog. Mem. FRS, p. 29. 37. Interview of Walter Heitler with John Heilbron, Zurich, 18-19 March 1963, p. 4, SHQP, NBL, AIP. 38. Ibid., and Lovell, Biog. Mem. FRS, p. 30. See P.M.S. Blackett, `The Nature of the Penetrating Component of Cosmic Rays,' Proc. R. Soc. London, A, 165 (1938), 11 ff. 39. Lovell, p. 33 note. 40. Interview of Léon Rosenfeld with Charles Weiner, Copenhagen, 3 September 1968, p. 35, SHQP, NBL, AIP. 41. Interview of Rosenfeld with Charles Weiner, p. 35; Lovell, Biog. Mem. FRS, pp. 35-38; Blackett, `Discoveries from the Big Machines,' The Listener, March 1954, pp. 477-478, Blackett Papers, B.116, Royal Society Library; and Michel Biezunski, Histoire de la physique moderne (Paris: La Découverte, 1993), p. 168. Also see P.M.S. Blackett, `V-Particles and the Cloud Chamber,' Nuovo Cim. (9), 11 (1954), 264 ff. 42. S. S. Schweber and Mike Fortun, `Scientists and the Legacy of World War II: The Case of Operations Research (OR),' Social Studies of Science, 23 (1993), pp. 595-642. 43. Letter from Polanyi to Blackett, 22 September 1942, Blackett Papers, D. 147, Royal Society Library, about Polanyi's inability to get hold of Blackett at the Admiralty while Polanyi was in London a few weeks previously. 44. Letter from Max Born to Blackett, 22 July 1941, from Edinburgh, Blackett Papers, J. 9, Royal Society Library. Also see McGucken, pp. 266-275. 45. P.M.S. Blackett, Military and Political Consequences of Atomic Energy (London: Turnstile Press, 1948). Letter from C. H. Waddington to Blackett, from institute of Animal Genetics, Edinburgh, 6 November 1948. 46. Letter from Harlow Shapley, Harvard College Observatory, 3 December 1948, Blackett Papers, A. 52, Royal Society Library. 47. P. M. S. Blackett, `The Magnetic Field of Massive Rotating Bodies,' Nature, 159 (17 May 1947), pp. 658-666. See `Newton, Einstein - And Now Blackett,' New Review, 29 May 1947, pp. 14-15, Blackett Papers, C. 68, Royal Society Library. 48. Correspondence in Blackett Papers. 49. Letter of 19 June 1947 from Blackett to L. Boddington, Royal Aircraft Establishment, South Farnborough, Hants, 19 June 1947, Blackett Papers, C.11, Royal Society Library; and subsequent correspondence. 50. See Homer E. Le Grand, Drifting Continents and Shifting Theories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) and Walter Sulivan, Continents in Motion. The New Earth Debate, 2nd ed. (New York: American Institute of Physics, 1991). 51. Blackett, with Sir Edward Bullard and S. K. Runcorn, organizers, `Symposium on Continental Drift,' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, A 1088 (1965). Runcorn was a student of Bullard's at Cambridge who was briefly an assistant lecturer in Blackett's department at Manchester before returning to Cambridge. He advocated Bullard's theory of the internal origin of the earth's magnetism against Blackett's "fundamental" theory. See S. K. Runcorn, `[Contribution to] Memorial Meeting for Lord Blackett,' Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 29 (1975), pp. 156-158. Previous part Back to Contents
4591	dbpedia	3	81	https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/	en	The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health	https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/…ch-full-logo.png	https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/…ch-full-logo.png	[ "https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/themes/rcpch/images/logo-desktop.png", "https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/menu_items/public/2024-06/milestones-cover-snip-web-summer-2024.jpg?itok=QCq3OdiK", "https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/menu_items/public/2023-05/icon-wellbeing.png?itok=_UetnLdc", "https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/menu_items/public/2022-08/young-woman-doctor-on-computer-shutterstock_1886924563-7x5.jpg?itok=jhj1sq12", "https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/menu_items/public/2024-08/eqip2024_graphics-megamenu.png?itok=piAyWiWo", "https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/menu_items/public/2024-07/mdt_-_leeds_kidney_team_.jpeg?itok=6QRqkJ9U", 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children's health \| We support our 20,000 members around the world, and involve children and young people in everything we do	en	/themes/rcpch/favicon.ico	RCPCH	https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/	Our new EQIP impact report shows how our innovative training has empowered multidisciplinary teams to improve outcomes for children and young people with epilepsy. Get ready for your first year of specialty training. You can download our handy checklist and jargon buster and read about using ePortfolio to track your training, getting neonatal experience and more. We launched our two-level paediatric training programme last August. Whether you're a trainer or trainee, take a moment to reflect and celebrate your achievements #ProgressPlus
4591	dbpedia	2	22	https://www.dundee.ac.uk/stories/dundee-academics-among-new-rse-fellows	en	Dundee academics among new RSE Fellows	https://www.dundee.ac.uk…5d&itok=1iMNmMFb	https://www.dundee.ac.uk…5d&itok=1iMNmMFb	[ "https://cdn-acquia.dundee.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/featured_image_desktop_1440w/public/2023-03/rse-montage.jpg?itok=rW8iKYt_" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Five University of Dundee academics are among the newest Fellows elected to the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE).	en	/themes/custom/uod/assets/favicons/favicon.ico	University of Dundee	https://www.dundee.ac.uk/stories/dundee-academics-among-new-rse-fellows	The RSE is Scotland’s national academy, focused on its mission to deploy knowledge for public good. Fellows are elected in recognition of their impact in improving the world around them. The new Fellows from the University are: Professor Alessio Ciulli – Director of the Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation, School of Life Sciences Professor Janet Clarkson – Professor of Clinical Effectiveness, School of Dentistry Professor Albena Dinkova-Kostova – Professor of Chemical Biology, School of Medicine Professor Maria Fusco – Chair in Interdisciplinary Writing, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design Professor Blair Smith – Professor of Population Health Science, School of Medicine Professor Iain Gillespie, Principal & Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dundee, said, “I am delighted that no less than five of our academics have been honoured for the fantastic impact they have made in their respective fields. “This is a richly deserved award for each of them, and I would like to congratulate them all on behalf of the entire University community.” The new Dundee Fellows are among 91 names from Edinburgh from across the sciences, education, the arts, business, and public life honoured by the RSE. They will be joining the RSE’s current Fellowship, which comprises 1,800 people who are recognised as some of the greatest thinkers, researchers and practitioners in their field in Scotland today. Professor Sir John Ball, President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, said, “It is a great privilege to welcome our new Fellows – they represent outstanding commitment and achievement at the highest level across a diverse range of sectors. “From scientific advancement that changes lives to leading business innovation recognised across the world, the RSE welcomes the best minds to harness their unique insight and make knowledge useful for the greater good.” Further information on the new RSE Fellows from the University of Dundee: Professor Alessio Ciulli studies the structure of proteins and their interactions with other molecules, seeking to develop new tools and reagents to study biology and to develop molecules that target disease-causing proteins with the aim of developing new medicines to treat patients. He founded Dundee’s Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation and is the scientific founder of Amphista therapeutics, a targeted protein degradation company spin out of his laboratory. He has received numerous awards, including most recently the Prous Institute – Overton and Meyer Award for New Technologies in Drug Discovery from the European Federation of Medicinal Chemistry. Professor Janet Clarkson is Director of the Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme at NHS Education for Scotland, and Joint Co-Ordinating Editor of Cochrane Oral Health. Her research focuses on the production, synthesis and implementation of evidence to improve routine dental healthcare. She is Chief Investigator on NIHR funded randomised controlled trials in dental primary care totalling £20 million that investigate dental interventions for prevention and treatment. The findings of her research have informed policy in service and education and led to changes clinical practice. Professor Albena Dinkova-Kostova graduated from Sofia University and obtained her PhD from Washington State University before training in Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, then joining the University of Dundee in 2007. Her research is committed to understanding how cells and organisms respond to oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress, and is working towards development of strategies for protection against chronic disease. She was named among the top influential academics in Clarivate’s Highly Cited Researchers 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 lists. Professor Maria Fusco is from Belfast and is the author of eight sole-authored books. These include Legend of the Necessary Dreamer, named as “a new classic of female philosophical fiction”. She is an Hawthornden Fellow, recipient of The Scottish Book Trust’s Robert Louis Stevenson award and has been writer-in-residence at several institutions. She currently holds a personal Chair in Interdisciplinary Writing at Dundee, having previously held posts at the University of Edinburgh and Goldsmiths, University of London. In Spring 2023, she is premiering History of the Present, a new opera-film about the peacelines in Belfast, which will tour internationally. Professor Blair Smith is an academic general practitioner, currently also practising clinically as a Consultant in Pain Medicine. He is Director of the Tayside Clinical Trials Unit and has led pioneering research on the epidemiology and genetics of pain, with a view to its treatment and prevention. A co-investigator in research grants worth approximately £27.5 million, he is the author of more than 280 peer-reviewed research papers and has held various advisory positions with Scottish Government, including Lead Clinician for Chronic Pain (2014 to 2021). Awards include the British Pain Society Medal for ‘outstanding contribution to the field of pain’.
4591	dbpedia	1	20	https://academic.oup.com/book/56326/chapter/445434706	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
4591	dbpedia	0	83	https://ias.tau.ac.il/sackler-past-fellows-and-lecturers-new	en	Sackler Past Fellows & Lecturers	https://ias.tau.ac.il/si…pg?itok=zS55Dmh3	https://ias.tau.ac.il/si…pg?itok=zS55Dmh3	[ "https://ias.tau.ac.il/sites/ias-english.tau.ac.il/files/logo_0_0_0.png", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "http://www.tau.ac.il/institutes/advanced/images/2top.gif", "https://ias.tau.ac.il/sites/default/files/footer_logo/TAU_university_logo_ENG.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Sackler Past Fellows & Lecturers	en	https://ias.tau.ac.il/sites/all/themes/tau_v2/favicon.ico		https://ias.tau.ac.il/sackler-past-fellows-and-lecturers-new	AMartin L. Albert Dir, Medical Res. Service, Dept. of Veterans Affairs Washington, D.C., USA, malbert@bu.edu Professor MARTIN L. ALBERT, M.D., Sackler Scholar 1995/1996. Martin L. Albert, MD, PhD, is Professor of Neurology at Boston University School of Medicine, Director of the Harold Goodglass Aphasia Research Center at the VA Boston Healthcare System/Boston University Medical School, and Principal Investigator of the Language in the Aging Brain Laboratory at the VA Boston Healthcare System/Boston University Medical School. He is a world-renowned specialist in cognitive neuroscience, with particular expertise in dementia, the aging brain, aphasia, and neurobehavioral consequences of head injury. He was a Senior Science Advisor to the President of the United States in the President's Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the National Director of the Medical Research Service for the US Department of Veterans Affairs. He has been listed in "Best Doctors in America" every year since its founding. (b. 1939) Bruce Ames Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, USA, bnames@uclink4.berkeley.edu Professor BRUCE AMES, Sackler Scholar 1994/1995. Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. Director, National Institute of Environment Health Sciences Center. Member, National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Recipient, General Motors Cancer Research Foundation Prize and Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement 1985, the Japan Prize 1997, the National Medal of Science 1998 and the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal 2004. (b. 1928) Clifford Ando Department of Classics, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA, clifford.ando@uchicago.edu Prof. Clifford Ando, Sackler Lecturer 2017/2018, is David B. and Clara E. Stern Professor and Professor of Classics, History, and Law at the University of Chicago. He is also a Research Fellow in the Department of Classics and World Languages at the University of South Africa. He specializes in the history of government, law, and religion in the Roman Empire. Prof. Ando is the author of seven monographs, including Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire (2000); The Matter of the Gods (2008); Law, Language and Empire in the Roman Tradition (2011); Roman Social Imaginaries. Language and thought in contexts of empire (2015) and Religion et gouvernement dans l'Empire romain (2016). He has also published more than 100 articles, chapters and reviews, and edited or translated another 8 books. Prof. Ando’s first monograph won the Society for Classical Studies's Charles J. Goodwin Award of Merit. He is also the recipient of a Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Prize from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. He has been a Junior Fellow and a Frederick Burkhardt Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies; a Fellow of the Huntington Library; a New Directions Fellow of the Mellon Foundation; a Fellow of the Max Weber Kolleg of the University of Erfurt; and a Canterbury Fellow at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He has held visiting positions in the Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford; the Collège de France; the École Pratique des Hautes Études; the Université Panthéon-Assas; the University of Münster; the American Academy in Rome; and the University of British Columbia. Prof. Ando is editor of the series Empire and After, senior editor of Bryn Mawr Classical Review, and serves on the editorial boards of Classical Philology; Critical Analysis of Law; L'Homme. Revue française d'anthropologie; and the Oxford Series in the History and Theory of International Law. BSamuel Bacharach N.Y. State School of Industrial & Labor Relations, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, USA, Sb22@cornell.edu Professor SAMUEL B. BACHARACH, Sackler Scholar 1990/1991. McKelvey Grant Professor in the Department of Organizational Behavior and Director, Institute for Workplace Studies & Smithers Institute, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Recipient of the National Science Foundation Prize 1979-1981 and the Smithers Foundation Prize 1989. (b. 1946) Robert Bartlett Dept. of Mediaeval History, Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland, UK, jon.bartlett@path.ox.ac.uk Professor ROBERT BARTLETT, Sackler Scholar 2000/2001. Wardlaw Professor of Mediaeval History, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, File, Scotland. Fellow, Royal Historical Society, 1986 and Alexander von Humboldt Fellow, University of Gottingen, 1988-89. Reader, British Academy, 1995-97. (b. 1950) Leora Batnitzky Chair, Department of Religion Princeton University, New Jersey, USA, batnitzk@Princeton.edu Prof. Leora Batnitzky, Sackler Fellow 2017/2018, is Ronald O. Perelman Professor of Jewish Studies and Professor and Chair of Religion at Princeton University. She received a B.A. in philosophy from Barnard College, Columbia University, a second B.A. in Bible from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, and an M.A. and PhD. in Religion from Princeton University. She joined the faculty of Princeton University in 1997 and has been a visiting researcher at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, New York University Law School, and the University of Tokyo. Prof. Batnitzky has received grants and fellowships from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the Woodrow Wilson Foundation, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Hauser Program in Global Law at NYU law school. She is the author of over sixty articles and book chapters, and has published three books: Idolatry and Representation: The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig Reconsidered (Princeton University Press, 2000), Leo Strauss and Emmanuel Levinas: Philosophy and the Politics of Revelation (Cambridge University Press, 2006), and How Judaism Became a Religion: An Introduction to Modern Jewish Thought (Princeton University Press, 2011). Prof. Batnitzky is co-editor of three volumes: The Book of Job: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Hermeneutics (De Gruyter, 2014), Jewish Legal Theories (Brandeis University Press, 2017) and Instituting Rights and Religion (Cambridge University Press, 2017) and has co-edited the journal Jewish Studies Quarterly since 2004. She has lectured throughout the United States, Europe, Israel and Asia. Her current research focuses on conversion controversies in Israel and India as they relate to current global debates about religious freedom. Pavel Belov Dean, Physics and Engineering Faculty; Head, International Research Centre, for Nanophotonics and Metamaterials; National Research University of Information, Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO), St. Petersburg, Russia, belov@metalab.ifmo.ru Prof. Pavel Belov, Sackler Lecturer 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, is the Dean of Physics and Engineering Faculty, Head of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials Department, and Leading Research Fellow of St. Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Russia. He received BS, MS, PhD and DSc (Habilitation) degrees from ITMO University, Russia in 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2010, respectively, and PhD from Helsinki University of Technology in 2006. Prof. Belov's research interests include analytical and numerical modeling of metamaterials, photonic and electromagnetic crystals, artificial dielectrics and magnetics, as well as microwave, terahertz and optical sub-wavelength imaging using the metematerials. He is an expert in the areas of Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Antenna Engineering. Prof. Belov is the author of 13 book chapters, more than 200 reports at international conferences and he co-authored more than 300 papers in scientific journals. He was awarded by prestigious EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship and served as PI of more than 15 research grants. Prof. Belov was awarded the Russian Federation President's Prize in Science and Innovation for Young Scientists (2009). This is the highest recognition of young researchers in Russia. The award was personally presented by President of Russian Federation, Dmitry A. Medvedev. He is also a holder of IET Achievement Award (IET, UK, 2006); International Dennis Gabor Award (Novofer foundation, Hungary, 2003) [The award is granted every 3 years to one outstanding foreign researcher. The award was personally presented by Prime Minister of Hungary, Péter Medgyessy]; URSI Young Scientist Award (Belgium, 2002). Martin A. Berger History of Art and Visual Culture; University of California at Santa Cruz, USA, maberger@ucsc.edu Professor MARTIN A BERGER, Sackler Lecturer 2015/2016. Acting Dean of the Arts, History of Art and Visual Cul ture; University of California at Santa Cruz, USA (b. 1964). Angelika Berlejung Department of Theology, University of Leipzig, Germany and Department of Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Stellenbosch, South Africa. berlejung@uni-leipzig.de Prof. ANGELIKA BERLEJUNG, Sackler Lecturer 2013/2014. Professor Berlejung received a diploma in Theology from the University of Heidelberg (1988) and a doctorate degree in Theology at Heidelberg (1997). She was Assistant from 1993-95 in Rostock and subsequently 1995-99 in Heidelberg. 1999 she was appointed as Professor for 'Languages and Cultures of Syria and Palestine' at the Theological Faculty of the University Leuven/Belgium. Since 2004 she is Professor for 'Old Testament: History and History of Religions of Israel and its Environment' at the Theological Faculty of the University Leipzig/Germany. In addition 2009 she was appointed as Professor extraordinaire in the Faculty of Arts (Oriental Studies) of the University Stellenbosch/South-Africa. Prof. Berlejung was visiting professor at several Universities (Berlin 2003, Basel 2006, Stellenbosch and Pretoria 2008), she received the Ruprecht-Karls Award from the University of Heidelberg (1998), she is member of the Editorial Board of Oriental Religions in Antiquity (since 2008), and she was co-editor of the ZDPV (2008-2012). She is member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Old Testament Essays (since 2009), and editor of the book-list of the Theologischen Rundschau, Fachgebiet: Religionsgeschichte (since 2010). She was Chair of Project B7 SFB 586 (Leipzig-Halle): 'Space and Mobility in Syro-Palestine during the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Empires' (DFG-funding 2008-2012) and Co-Director of the Excavation at Qubur al-Walaydah/Israel (together with Prof. Gunnar Lehmann, 2008-2012). She also was member and principal investigator of the research group/Graduiertenkolleg â€žReligiöser Nonkonformismus und kulturelle Dynamik' in Leipzig (DFG-funding, 2009-2013). Actually she is principal investigator (together with Gunnar Lehmann) of the GIF-Project â€žAssyrian Border Administration and Imperial Economic Strategies in the Southern Levant: The Case of Ashdod ad Halom' (2013-2015) and prepares a new excavation project at Ashdod Yam (together with Prof. Alexander Fantalkin). Joseph Bernstein School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, berstei@post.tau.ac.il Professor JOSEPH BERNSTEIN, Sackler Scholar 1991/1992. Professor of Mathematics. Since 1993, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Previous, Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Member of the Israel Academy of Sciences 2002 and National Academy of Science 2004. Recipient, Annual Prize of the Moscow Mathematical Society 1976 and Israel Prize 2004. (b. 1945) Hans Dieter Betz Dept. of New Testament & Early Christian Literature, Div. of Humanities, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, hansbetz@midway.uchicago.edu Professor HANS DIETER BETZ, Sackler Scholar 1995/1996. Shailer Mathews Professor; Past Chairman, Department of New Testament and Early Christian Literature, Division of the Humanities, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Recipient, Lady Davis Fellow, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1990. (b. 1931) Stephen Blaclow Gustavus Adolphus Pfeiffer Professor; Chair, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Massachusetts, USA. stephen_blacklow@hms.harvard.edu Prof. Stephen C. Blacklow, Sackler Scholar 2018/2019, is currently the Gustavus Adolphus Pfeiffer Professor and Chair of the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at Harvard Medical School, and a member of the Department of Cancer Biology at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute. Prof. Blacklow received his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University in 1991, completed his residency in Clinical Pathology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and carried out postdoctoral research at the Whitehead Institute with Prof. Peter S. Kim. His initial faculty appointment was at Stanford University in 1996, where he remained until rejoining the HMS faculty at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in 1998. Research led by Prof. Blacklow’s team has shown how cell surface receptors can convey a developmental signal directly from one contacting cell surface to the next and then from the membrane to the nucleus. He has elucidated key molecular events in Notch signal transduction, a conserved cell-cell communication system that influences cell fate decisions in all metazoan organisms, and that is frequently hijacked as an oncogenic driver in human leukemia. His laboratory uncovered how activating mutations of the Notch1 receptor frequently found in human T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma overcome normal restraints on signaling resulting in autonomous gain-of-function, and spurred the development of inhibitory antibodies that suppress normal and oncogenic Notch signaling as candidates for further clinical development. Prof. Blacklow was named a Pfizer Scholar in 1997, a Pew Scholar in 1999, and an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association in 2002. He has given research presentations at numerous national and international meetings, including plenary talks at Keystone Symposia and the inaugural Murray Goodman Symposium of the American Chemical Society. Prof. Blacklow directed the MD-PhD Program in Basic and Translational Sciences at Harvard Medical School from 2007-2012, and has served on Advisory Committees for pre-clinical departments, graduate programs, and MD-PhD programs at several major research universities and institutions, including Stanford, the University of Pennsylvania, and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Martin Blaser, MD The Frederick H. King Professor of Internal Medicine and Chair, NYU Langone Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City , Martin.Blaser@nyumc.orgSandra.Fiorelli@nyumc.org Professor MARTIN BLASER, Sackler Lecturer 2010-2011. The Frederick H. King Professor of Internal Medicine and Chair, Department of Medicine at the New York University School of Medicine since April 2000. He also is Director of Medical Services at Tisch and Bellevue Hospitals, and Professor of Microbiology. Dr. Blaser?s research has focused on bacterial pathogenesis, having worked for more than 30 years on the role of Campylobacter and Helicobacter species, among other organisms, in human disease. After early studies on the pathogenic Campylobacter species, much work since 1985 has involved the gastric bacterium H. pylori. His work linked the relation of colonization to inflammation, and to gastric cancer. His studies identified vacA and cagA, the two major virulence genes, and showed differential disease risk associated with particular alleles. Dr. Blaser developed a conceptual framework involving unique dynamic equilibria between H. pylori populations and colonized hosts, which has become a general model of persistence for co-adapted microbes. His explorations of H. pylori diversity have shown the intercontinental spread of these organisms in pre-historic times, and he is increasingly interested in the role of H. pylori and other normal microbiota in human health, including protective roles against adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, asthma, and obesity. He holds 24 US patents relating to his Campylobacter and Helicobacter research, and has authored over 460 original articles. He has received many honors for his work including the Wade Hampton Frost Award from the American Public Health Association, and the AACR-American Cancer Society Award for Research Excellence in Cancer Epidemiology. He served as President of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and currently serves as Chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Cancer Institute, on the Advisory Board for Clinical Research of the National Institutes of Health, and on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. (b. 1948) Juan Bonifacino Department of Cell Biology and Metabolism, NICHD, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA Professor JUAN BONIFACINO, Sackler Lecturer 2009/2010. Chief, Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Juan S. Bonifacino received his Ph. D. degree in Biochemistry in 1981 from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 1982 he moved to the NIH where he pursued post-doctoral studies with Dr. Richard D. Klausner. He rose through the ranks and in 1997 he became the Chief of the Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch at the NIH. Throughout his career, Dr. Bonifacino has been interested in the molecular mechanisms that determine protein localization and fate in the secretory and endocytic pathways. Since the early 1990s, Dr. Bonifacino's group at the NIH has conducted research on signals and adaptor proteins that mediate protein sorting to endosomes and lysosomes. His group discovered new sorting signals and adaptor proteins (i.e., AP-1B, AP-3, AP-4, GGAs), and elucidated the mechanisms by which these function. In addition, Dr. Bonifacino applied the knowledge gained from these studies to the elucidation of the causes of various human diseases including Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 and autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. His work has been published in over 190 scholarly articles. Dr. Bonifacino serves or has served as associate editor of the journals Developmental Cell, Molecular Cell and Molecular Biology of the Cell, and editorial board member of The Journal of Cell Biology, The Journal of Biological Chemistry and Traffic. He is also the co-editor of the books Current Protocols in Cell Biology and Short Protocols in Cell Biology. He has served as a member of the Council of the American Society for Cell Biology and chaired numerous scientific conferences. He has delivered the Alex Novikoff, Leo Satz and George Connell lectures, and is an NIH Distinguished Investigator and Honorary Professor of Biological Chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires. His lab has trained over 70 post-doctoral fellows and students, most whom have pursued careers in academic research. Stanley J. Brodsky Professor of Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA, sjbth@slac.stanford.edu Professor STANLEY J. BRODSKY, Sackler Lecturer, 2005/2006. Education: B.S., 1961, Physics; Ph.D., 1964, University of Minnesota. Professional Academic History: Research Associate, Columbia University, 1964-1966; Research Associate, SLAC, Stanford, 1966-1968; Permanent Staff, Theoretical Physics, SLAC, Stanford, 1968-1975; Associate Professor, SLAC, Stanford, 1975-1976; Professor, SLAC, Stanford, 1976-present; Head Theoretical Physics Group, SLAC, 1996-2002. Awards and Honors: Visiting Professor, Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University, 1982; AVCO Visiting Professor, Cornell University, 1985; Foreign Scientific Member and External Scientific Director, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, 1989-present; Alexander von Humboldt Distinguished U.S. Senior Scientist Award, 1987; Fellow, American Physical Society; Associate Editor, Nuclear Physics B and Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements; Member, Editorial Board, Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics; President and Co-Founder of the International Light-Cone Advisory Committee; International Advisory Committee, International Workshops on Photon-Photon Collisions; Member, Program Advisory Committee, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2003-present. Visiting Professor, Physics Department, College of William and Mary, 2003; Distinguished Fellow at the Thomas Jefferson Laboratory, 2003. Member, Program Advisory Committee, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany 2004-present. (b. 1939) Francesco Bullo Mechanical Engineering Department, and the Center for Control, Dynamical Systems and Computation, the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA. bullo@engineering.ucsb.edu Prof. FRANCESCO BULLO, Sackler Fellow 2021/2022, is a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department and the Center for Control, Dynamical Systems and Computation at the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA. In 2004, he joined the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, where he served as an associate professor (2004–2008), professor (2008-present) and chair (2013-2017) in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. At the university, he is also affiliated with the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, and the Center for Control, Dynamical Systems and Computation. Prof. Bullo is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), and the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). He has served the IEEE Control Systems Society in various roles: as president-elect/president (2017-2019), vice-president (2013-2014, 2011-2012), elected member of the Board of Governors (2007-2009), and as program chair for the 2016 IEEE Conference in Decision and Control. He also served as the chair of the SIAM Activity Group on Control and Systems Theory (2020-2021). Awards: the 2018 Distinguished Scientist Award by the Chinese Academy of Sciences; the Distinguished Member Award, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2015; the Young Investigator Award, Office of Naval Research, 2003; and the Xerox Foundation Award for Faculty Research, UIUC College of Engineering, 2003. Prof. Bullo has published more than 300 papers in international journals, books, and refereed conferences. He is the co-author, with Andrew D. Lewis, of “Geometric Control of Mechanical Systems” (Springer, 2004), with Jorge Cortés and Sonia Martínez, of “Distributed Control of Robotic Networks” (Princeton, 2009), with Stephen L. Smith of “Lectures on Robotics Planning and Kinematics” (SIAM, 2019, under contract); and of “Lectures on Network Systems” (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2020). Additionally, he served on the editorial boards of IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, ESAIM: Control, Optimization, and the Calculus of Variations, SIAM Journal of Control and Optimization, and Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems. Prof. Bullo served as advisor or co-advisor of 26 graduated Ph.D. students. Prof. Bullo's research focuses on modeling, dynamics and control of multi-agent network systems, with applications to robotic coordination, power systems, distributed computing and social networks. CElton Cairns Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA Professor ELTON CAIRNS, Sackler Lecturer 2009/2010. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California and Faculty Senior Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He has conducted research and held management positions at the General Electric Research Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory, General Motors Research Laboratories, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, (Associate Lab Director and Director, Energy & Environment Division). prof. Cairns received his education in chemistry and chemical engineering at the Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, and the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Cairns has contributed more than 240 publications and 15 patents in the areas of electrochemical kinetics, batteries, fuel cells, molten salts, liquid metals, thermodynamics, surface chemistry, catalysis, transport phenomena, Dr. Cairns co-authored with Dr. H.A. Liebhafsky (Texas A&M) a book entitled ''Fuel Cells and Fuel Batteries''. He has received a number of awards for his research contri-butions, and has served as president of The Electrochemical Society, and the International Society of Electrochemistry. He has also served as an editor of the Journal of the Electro-chemical Society and Electrochimica Acta. He has organized and chaired a number of national and international meetings and symposia on electrochemistry, energy conversion, and related topics. He has served as consultant to a number of national and international corporations, and Expert Witness in several patent infringement trials. His current research includes lithium ion cells, lithium/sulfur cells, and electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Federico Capasso Robert Wallace Professor of Applied Physics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, capasso@seas.harvard.edu Prof. FEDERICO CAPASSO, Sackler Lecturer 2014/2015, is the Robert Wallace Professor of Applied Physics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University since 2003 and Adjunct Researcher, Institute for Quantum Studies, Texas A&M University since 2009. Previously Vice President of Physical Research, Bell Laboratories Lucent Technology, Bell Lab Fellow and other management positions totaling 27 years. He received his PhD in 1973, University of Rome, Italy. His research has spanned basic science and applications in the areas of electronics, photonics, nanoscale science and technology including plasmonics, metamaterials and the Casimir effect. He pioneered banstructure engineering of artificially structured materials and devices and is a co-inventor of the quantum cascade laser. He recently performed the first measurement of the repulsive Casimir force he and his group invented a new class of plasmonic devices for near-field and far-field control and recently discovered powerful generalizations of the laws of reflection and refraction applicable to metasurfaces and used to design and demonstrate a new class of flat optical components. Memberships include: National Academy of Sciences 1995, National Academy of Engineering 1995 and Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1998. Awards include: King Faisal International Prize for Science 2005, Arthur Schawlow Prize in Laser Science, American Physical Society 2004. Wetherill Medal, Franklin Institute 1997, Edison Medal, IEEE 2004. Gold Medal, International Society of Optics and Photonics (SPIE) 2013, European Physical Society Quantum Electronics Prize, Berthold Leibinger Zukunftspreis (the future prize) 2010. Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics, Jan Czochralski Award, European Material Research Society for lifetime achievements in Materials Science IEEE David Sarnoff Award in Electronics 1991, IEEE/LEOS Streifer Award 1998, Robert Wood Prize, Optical Society of America 2001, Rank Prize in Optoelectronics 1998, Material Research Society Medal 1995, Welker Medal 1994, Duddell Medal and Prize, Institute of Physics, London, UK 2002, Newcomb Cleveland Prize, American Association for the Advancement of Science 1995, ''Vinci of Excellence'' LMVH Prize 1995 and the New York Academy of Sciences Award 1993. David Chandler Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA, chandler@cchem.berkeley.edu Professor DAVID CHANDLER, Sackler Lecturer 2009/2010. Bruce Mahan Professor of Chemistry at the University of California at Berkeley. He received his S.B. degree in Chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966, and his Ph.D. in Chemical Physics at Harvard in1969. He began his academic career as an Assistant Professor in 1970 at the Urbana-Champaign campus of the University of Illinois, rising through the ranks to become a full Professor in 1977. Prior to joining the Berkeley faculty in 1986, Chandler spent two years as Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. Chandler's primary area of research is statistical mechanics. His most significant contributions include the development of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen theory, generally regarded as the basic equilibrium theory of the liquid state, and the Pratt-Chandler theory of hydrophobic effects. Chandler has also created many of the basic techniques with which condensed matter chemical equilibrium and chemical dynamics are understood with molecular theory. His most recent works focus on dynamics and structure far from equilibrium, including processes of self assembly and also the glass transition. His honors include the Hildebrand, 1989, and Theoretical Chemistry, 1996 Awards from the American Chemical Society the Irving Langmuir Chemical Physics Prize from the American Physical Society, 2005 the Bourke, 1985 and Lennard-Jones Lectureships, 2001 from the Royal Society of Chemistry the Hinshelwood Lectureship from the University of Oxford, 1993 the Hirshfelder Prize from the University of Wisconsin, 1998 Muliken Prize from the University of Chicago, 2000 election to the National Academy of Sciences, 1995 and election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1995. (b. 1944) Alexandre Chorin Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, USA Professor ALEXANDRE J. CHORIN, Sackler Visiting Scholar 2003/2004. Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley. Head, Mathematics Department, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory from 1986-1995; Director, Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley from 1980-82 and 1995 to the present. Recipient of the Norbert Wiener Prize of the American Mathematical Society and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2000 and an honorary D.Sc. from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 2003; and the University of California Professor award. He is known for his contributions to the field of Computational fluid dynamics and developed the "Artificial compressibility method" and the popular "Projection method". (b. 1938) Jenny Strauss Clay Department of Classics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. jsc2t@virginia.edu Prof JENNY STRAUSS CLAY, Sackler Lecturer 2015/2016, William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Classics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. Mark R. Cohen The Khedouri A. Zilkha Prof. of Jewish Civilization in the Near East and Prof. of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University, USA, mrcohen@princeton.edu Prof. MARK R. COHEN, Sackler Scholar 2011/2012. Educated at Brandeis University (B.A.), Columbia University (M.A.), and the Jewish Theological Seminary (M.H.L., Rabbi, Ph.D.), he is a well known historian of the Jews in Arab lands in the Middle Ages. His publications include over 100 articles and reviews and several books: Jewish Self-Government in Medieval Egypt, 1980, which won the National Jewish Book Award for Jewish history, 1981 Al-mujtama' al-yahudi fi Misr al-islamiyya fi al-'usur al-wusta (Jewish Life in Medieval Egypt 641-1382), a survey, translated into Arabic, for readers in the Arab world, 1987 The Autobiography of a Seventeenth-Century Venetian Rabbi: Leon Modena's "Life of Judah,â€ 1988 Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages, 1994, new edition 2008, which has been translated into Hebrew, Turkish, German, Arabic, French, and Romanian (Spanish forthcoming), Poverty and Charity in the Jewish Community of Medieval Egypt and The Voice of the Poor in the Middle Ages: An Anthology of Documents from the Cairo Geniza, published by Princeton University Press, 2005. Since 1986 he has been the director of the Princeton Geniza Project, an on-line database of transcriptions of documents from the Cairo Geniza. Prof. Cohen has been a Lady Davis Visiting Prof. at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1982-1983) and a Fellow of its Institute for Advanced Studies (1992-93). He was a guest lecturer in the Department of Hebrew Language and Culture at Ain Shams University in Cairo (December 1993). He was a Visiting Prof. at the Hebrew University in 1996-1997, and in June of that year taught a seminar at the Free University in Berlin. In 2004 he directed a summer university course at the Central European University in Budapest and in 2005 and 2006, co-directed a summer institute sponsored by a consortium of institutes of advanced studies in the United States and Europe. He has held a Guggenheim Fellowship (1996-1997), a Fellowship at the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin (2002-2003), a Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities (2007-2008), has been a Visiting Scholar at the National Humanities Center (2008), where he also directed a DuPont Seminar for College Teachers on "Islamâ€ at the National Humanities Center (June 2009). He is a member of the American Academy for Jewish Research. In 2010 he was the first winner of the Goldziher Prize for scholarship promoting better understanding between Jews and Muslims, awarded by Merrimack College's Center for the Study of Jewish-Christian-Muslim Relations. Prof. Cohen has lectured widely in the U.S., Europe, Russia, Japan, Qatar, Egypt, and Israel, before both scholarly and general audiences. Shaye Cohen Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations of Harvard University, USA Professor SHAYE COHEN, Sackler Lecturer 2009/2010. Littauer Professor of Hebrew Literature and Philosophy in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations of Harvard University. Before arriving at Harvard in July 2001, Prof. Cohen was the Samuel Ungerleider Professor of Judaic Studies and Professor of Religious Studies at Brown University. Prof. Cohen began his career at the Jewish Theological Seminary where he was ordained and for many years was the Dean of the Graduate School and Shenkman Professor of Jewish History. He is perhaps best known for his From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (1987, second edition 2006), which is widely used as a textbook in colleges and adult education. More recently he is the author of The Beginnings of Jewishness (1999) and Why aren?t Jewish Women Circumcised? Gender and Covenant in Judaism (2005) which won a National Jewish Book Award. He has also appeared on educational television, including "From Jesus to Christ" and "Nova" on PBS and "Mysteries of the Bible"on A&E. He and his wife Miriam May are the parents of Ava, Jonathan, Ezra, and Hannah. (b. 1948). Richard J. Cohen, M.D. Whitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering, Health Science & Technology Division, Harvard University MIT, USA, rjcohen@mit.edu Professor Richard Cohen, Professor Richard Cohen, Sackler Lecturer 2007/2008. Whitaker Professor in Biomedical Engineering, Harvard University - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST) since 1979 and Associate Physician, Brigham and Women?s Hospital since 1984. He is currently Co-Director of the Biomedical Enterprise Program of HST and the MIT Sloan School of Management, for ten years he directed the HST Center for Biomedical Engineering and for eight years he was Team Leader of the Cardiovascular Alterations Team of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute. Prof. Cohen?s research involves the application of physics and engineering to solving problems in biology and medicine, particularly in the cardiovascular area. His work ranges from computer simulations to animal studies to clinical investigations. Prof. Cohen is a Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering since 2000 and has published approximately 250 scientific papers and has had 25 patents issued James F. Conant Chester D. Tripp Professor of Humanities, Professor of Philosophy, Professor in the College, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA. jconant@uchicago.edu Alexander von Humboldt-Professor, Institute of Philosophy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany. james_ferguson.conant@uni-leipzig.de Prof. James F. Conant, Sackler Lecturer 2022/2023, is Chester D. Tripp Professor of Humanities, Professor of Philosophy, Professor in the College and Director of the Center for German Philosophy at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA. Prof. Conant is also Humboldt Professor of Philosophy and co-director of the Center for Analytic German Idealism (FAGI) at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Prof. Conant has taught, amongst other places, in Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, and Italy. He has received numerous awards and honors, among them: he was a co-recipient of the Mellon Foundation Saywer Seminar Grant (together with David Wellbery, 2006-2008); he is the co-recipient of two Humboldt TransCoop Awards; he was awarded the 2012 Humboldt Foundation’s Anneliese Maier Research Award; and the Neubauer Collegium Award for the University of Chicago’s “ldealism Project”. In 2020, Harvard University Press published the 1100-page volume “The Logical Alien: Conant and His Critics”, edited by Sofia Miguens. The volume gathers Prof. Conant’s 1991 article “The Search for Logically Alien Thought” with reflections on it by eight distinguished philosophers: Jocelyn Benoist, Matthew Boyle, Martin Gustafsson, Arata Hamawaki, Adrian Moore, Barry Stroud, Peter Sullivan, and Charles Travis. Prof. Conant serves on a number of academic advisory boards. He is also a member of the senior editorial board of the bi-lingual German-English journal Wittgenstein-Studien: Internationales Jahrbuch für Wittgenstein-Forschung and the senior editorial board of the bi-lingual Italian-English journal Iride. Together with Günter Abel, he is co-editor of the book series “Berlin Studies in Knowledge Research”, as well as a member of the advisory board of the book series called “Nordic Wittgenstein Studies”. Together with Andrea Kern, he is the co-editor of the affiliated book series “Analytischer Deutscher Idealismus”. Prof. Conant works broadly in philosophy and has published articles on topics in Philosophical Logic, Epistemology, Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Mind, Aesthetics, German Idealism, and the History of Analytic Philosophy, among other areas, as well as interpretative work on a wide range of philosophers, including René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Friedrich Nietzsche, Søren Aabye Kierkegaard, Josiah Royce, William James, Gottlob Frege, Rudolf Carnap, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Hilary Putnam, Stanley Cavell, Richard Rorty, Barry Stroud, and John McDowell, among others. Carolyn Pape Cowan Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, USA, ccowan@uclink.berkeley.edu Adjunct Professor CAROLYN PAPE COWAN, Sackler Lecturer 2005/2006, Professor of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley. Member Board of Directors, Council on Contemporary Families since 1997; Advisory Board, Giving Presence: Oral History project for mothers with invasive breast cancer since 1996. Editorial Review Board: Family Relations, Journal of Family Psychology from 1996-1998; Regular Ad Hoc Reviewer: Child Development; Developmental Psychology, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Journal of Infant Mental Health, and Merrill Palmer Quarterly Philip A. Cowan Professor of Psychology, Institute of Human Development, University of California at Berkeley, USA, pcowan@socrates.berkeley.edu Professor PHILIP A. COWAN, Sackler Lecturer 2005/2006. Professor of Psychology, Institute of Human Development, University of California at Berkeley, California. Director of the Institute of Human Development, 1998-2003. Fellow, American Psychological Society since 1998; Board Member, Council on Contemporary Families since 1997. Member of Editorial Boards: Family Process since 1996, Journal of Family Psychology since 1997 and Contributing Editor, Child Magazine since 1997. Continuous funding of NIMH Research Grant - Enhancing family relationships: Child and Teen Outcomes, Principal Investigator (Co-PI with Carolyn Pape Cowan), 1979-2005; Distinguished Contribution to Family Systems Research, from the American Family Therapy Academy (AFTA) with Carolyn Cowan, 1999. (b. 1937) DAlex Dalgarno Harvard University and Physicist, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu Professor ALEX DALGARNO, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1995/1996. Phillips Professor of Astronomy, Harvard University and Physicist, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Fellow of the Royal Society of London. Member of the Royal Irish Academy, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the United States National Academy of Sciences. Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, the American Physical Society, the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science, and of the International Academy of Astronautics. Recipient of the Annual Medal of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science, the Hodgkins Medal of the Smithsonian Institution, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1986, the Meggers Award of the Optical Society of America 1986, the Spiers Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Fleming Medal of the American Geophysical Union, the Davisson-Germer Award of the American Physical Society, and the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society. In 1998, Asteroid 6941 was named Asteroid Dalgarno. (b. 1928) Susan B. Davidson Weiss Professor of Computer and Information Science, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. susan@cis.upenn.edu Prof. SUSAN B. DAVIDSON, Sackler Fellow 2021/2022, is Weiss Professor of Computer and Information at the Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. She is also the co-founder and Director of the Data Science Master’s program at the School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS) at the University of Pennsylvania. Prof. Davidson joined the faculty of Penn Engineering in the Department of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania as visiting assistant professor (1982). Then she took up the role of assistant professor (1983–1989), associate professor (1989–1998), professor (1998–present) and chair of the department (2008-2013) in the university's Department of Computer and Information Science. Prof. Davidson also held a secondary appointment in the university's Genetics Department, School of Medicine (2000-2003). She was also the Founder and Chair of Advancing Women in Engineering at the School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS) of the university (2007-2018). Prof. Davidson served as Chair of the CRA (Computing Research Association) Board of Directors (2015-2019). Awards: the IEEE Technical Committee of Data Engineering Impact Award (2017) and the Trustees' Council of Penn Women/Provost Award (2015) for her work on advancing women in engineering; she was elected a corresponding fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2015); she received the Lenore Rowe Williams Award (2002) and was a Fulbright Scholar and recipient of a Hitachi Chair (2004); she was appointed a fellow of the Association of Computing Machinery (2001). Prof. Davidson's work lies in fundamental computer science as it is applied to biomedicine. Julian Davies , Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada jed@interchange.ubc.ca Professor JULIAN DAVIES, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1987/1988. Present position: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Past Head, Microbial Engineering Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Recipient of the Hoechst-Roussel and Thom Awards; and Honorary Doctor of Science, McGill University, 2011. Member of the American Society for Microbiology, 1986 and the Royal Society of Canada, 1996. (b. 1932) Raymond G. De Vries Professor Emeritus in the Department of Learning Health Sciences and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, rdevries@med.umich.edu Prof. RAYMOND G. DE VRIES, Sackler Lecturer 2011-2012, is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Learning Health Sciences and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. He joined the Bioethics Program and the Department of Medical Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan in 2006. He is also a member of the School of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, where he was in residence 2003-2004 and was a Senior Fellow, Center for Bioethics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1999-2005. His main area of research is the emergence and influence of the new inter-discipline of bioethics. He is studying the social and cultural conditions that gave rise to this area of inquiry and that continue to shape the organization and influence of bioethics in medicine and medical research. As part of that project he is doing research on the development of new ways to integrate ethics with translational research, the ethics of surrogate consent for dementia research, the empirical reality of the "therapeutic misconception,â€ the export of bioethical ideas from the developed to the developing world, and the difficulties - ethical and otherwise - of international scientific collaborations. He also has done extensive research on the organization of maternity care. He is a member of several professional societies including the American Society for Bioethics and the Humanities, The Hastings Center, and the American Sociological Association. He is the author of A Pleasing Birth: Midwifery and Maternity Care in the Netherlands. (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2004, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2005) and co-editor of Qualitative Methods in Health Research, (London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2010), The view from here: Social Science and Bioethics (London: Blackwell, 2006), and Birth by Design (London: Routledge, 2001). His articles have appeared in Nature, the Hastings Center Report, the Journal of Law Medicine and Ethics, Academic Medicine, the Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Tijdschrift Voor Gezondheidszorg en Ethiek, Bioethics, and he has published opinion pieces in the Wall Street Journal, the Christian Science Monitor, and the New York Times. Prof. De Vries received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Davis, in Sociology in 1981. Stanislas Dehaene Holds the Chair of Experimental Cognitive Psychology at the Collége de France, Paris. He directs the INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit at NeuroSpin in Saclay, south of Paris -- France's advanced neuroimaging research center stanislas.dehaene@gmail.com Prof. STANISLAS DEHAENE, Sackler Scholar 2013/2014, holds the Chair of Experimental Cognitive Psychology at the Collége de France, Paris. He directs the INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit at NeuroSpin in Saclay, south of Paris -- France's advanced neuroimaging research center. His research investigates the neural bases of human cognitive functions such as reading, calculation and language, with a particular interest for the differences between conscious and non-conscious processing. His main research findings include the discovery of automatic links between numbers and space, and of the role of the intraparietal sulcus in number sense, the operation of the ''visual word form area'', a left occipito-temporal region which acquires the visual component of reading and the identification of physiological responses unique to conscious processing, supporting the theory of a ''global neuronal workspace'' for consciousness. He is the author of ''The number sense'' (1997/2010) and ''Reading in the brain'' (2009), and the editor of ''The cognitive neuroscience of consciousness'' (2001) and ''From monkey brain to human brain'' (2007). He is a member of the US Academy of Science, British Academy, French Academy of Science, Pontifical Academy of Sciences, American Philosophical Society, and Academia Europae. He is recipient of The Brain Prize 2014. Roger de Spoelberch Prize, 2013. Dr. A.H. Heineken Prize in Cognitive Science, 2008. Louis D. Prize, Institut de France (with D. Le Bihan), 2003. Jean-Louis Signoret Prize, IPSEN Foundation, 2001 and James S. McDonnell Centennial Fellowship, 1999. (b. 1965, France). He is a member of the French and US Academies of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and the recipient of the Dr. A.H. Heineken Prize in Cognitive Science (2009) and the McDonnell Centennial Award (1999). (b. 1965) Anna Dominiczak Regius Professor of Medicine and BHF Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine; Head of Division, Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences and Director, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow ad7e@clinmed.gla.ac.uk Professor ANNA DOMINICZAK, OBE, MD, FRCP, FRSE, FAHA, FMedSci, Sackler Lecturer 2010-2011. A Regius Professor of Medicine and a British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine; Head of Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; and Director, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. She is also a Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist at the Western Infirmary and Associate Dean for Research at the Faculty of Medicine. She has a major research interest in cardiovascular genomics and systems medicine and holds a BHF Programme Grant. ''Genomics and proteomics of hypertension and its vascular complications: the pathwayomic strategies.'' Her total research income in the last 3 years is in excess of Â£35 million. She is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, the Academy of Medical Sciences, the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the American Heart Association. In addition to membership of several editorial boards, Professor Dominiczak was Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Science between 2004 and 2008 and in 2009 had been invited to serve as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Hypertension. Her scientific and clinical contributions have been recognised by invitations to serve on the Medical Research Council Physiological Medicine Board, British Heart Foundation Project Grant Committee, the Wellcome Trust Physiological Science Committee and the Scientific Advisory Board of the Leducq Foundation. Professor Dominiczak is an author of 247 publications in peer-reviewed journals. In 2005 she was awarded OBE for services to medicine. (b. 1954) David Donoho Statistics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, donoho@stat.stanford.edu Professor DAVID L. DONOHO, Sackler Scholar 2000/2001. Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Humanities and Sciences, Statistics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Member, U.S.A. National Academy of Sciences, 1998 and American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1992. Recipient of Presidents' Award, Committee of Presidents and Statistical Societies, 1984 and Von Neumann Prize, Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2001. (b. 1957) Valery M. Dubin Logic Technology Development, Interl Corp., Hillsboro, Oregon, USA, valery.m.dubin@intel.com Doctor VALERY M. DUBIN Senior Principal Engineer, Engineering Manager, Components Research, Technology and Manufacturing Group, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA since 2004. Member of the Scientific Advisory Board, CCMC, UNM, Penn State, Rutgers University since 2003 and Member of the Scientific Advisory Board, NSEC, Columbia University since 2005. Recipient of the Intel Divisional and TMG Excellence Awards in 2000, the Dr. Cho Outstanding Achievement Award in 2002, and the Intel Achievement Award in 2003. (b. 1956) Yaacob Dweck Professor of History and Judaic Studies, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA. jdweck@princeton.edu Prof. YAACOB DWECK, Sackler Fellow 2021/2022, is a professor of History and Judaic Studies at Princeton University, New Jersey, USA. In 2008, he joined Princeton University (New Jersey, USA), where he was appointed a postdoctoral Cotsen Fellow in the Society of Fellows in the Liberal Arts (2008-2011), assistant professor of History and Judaic Studies (2011-2015), Arthur H. Scribner bicentennial preceptor (2014-2017), associate professor of History and Judaic Studies (2015-2019) and professor of History and Judaic Studies (2019-present). Awards: John Simon Guggenheim Fellow (2020-2021); the Cahnman Pre-Publication Subvention Grant from the Association for Jewish Studies (2009); the Benjamin Franklin and the Pennfield Dissertation Research Fellowships, University of Pennsylvania (2007–2008); the Wexner Graduate Fellowship, Wexner Foundation (2003–2007), the Gates Cambridge Scholarship from the Gates Foundation (2002–2003), and the Pelling Benefactor’s Scholarship from St. John’s College, Cambridge, (2002–2003). Prof. Dweck studies the Jews of the early modern period and is the author of two books: “The Scandal of Kabbalah: Leon Modena, Jewish Mysticism, Early Modern Venice” (Princeton University Press, 2011), which received an honorable mention for the best book in medieval and early modern Jewish history published between 2011–2014 by the Association for Jewish Studies (2014) and was the finalist for the best first book in the history of religions, American Academy of Religion (2013); and “Dissident Rabbi: The Life of Jacob Sasportas” (Princeton University Press, 2019). Martin Dworkin Dept. of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, martin@lenti.med.umn.edu Professor MARTIN DWORKIN, Sackler Scholar 1991/1992. Professor of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Recipient of the John S. Guggenheim Fellow 1978/1979. Fellow of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1997. (b. 1927) Eugene Dynkin Dept. of Math., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, USA, ebd1@cornell.edu Professor EUGENE DYNKIN, Sackler Scholar 1983/1984. Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. Recipient of Moscow Math. Society Prize 1947. and Leroy P. Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievements 1993. (b. 1924) Igor Dzyaloshinskii L. D. Landau Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, USSR. Professor IGOR DZYALOSHINSKII, L. D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, USSR. Presently Professor Emeritus, Physics & Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, USA. Honors: L. D. Landau Prize 1989; American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Member 1991, American Physical Society, Fellow 1996; American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fellow 2002. EWerner Eck Roman History, Institut fur Altertumskunde, Alte Geschichte, Univ. zu Koln, Germany, Werner.Eck@uni-koeln.de Professor Dr. WERNER ECK, Sackler Scholar 1999/2000. Professor of History (best known Roman historian and epigraphist in Germany), Institute of Ancient Art and History, University of Köln, Germany.Recipient Max Planck Research Award for the Humanities, 2000 and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellow, 2001-present; ; and Prize Ausonius 2011. Honorary Doctor: University of Kassel, 2007; and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2008. Honorary Member Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 2011. (b. 1939). (b. 1939). Samuel Edwards Dept. of Physics, University of Cambridge, UK, Sfe11@phy.cam.ac.uk Professor Sir SAMUEL EDWARDS, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1992/93 - 1994/1995. Cavendish Professor of Physics, University of Cambridge, England. Member of Council AFRC 1991 - present, Fachbeirat of the MPI fur Polymerforchung 1989 - present. Foreign Member of the National Academy of Science 1996. Recipient of the Boltzmann Medal, International Union of Pure and Applied Physics 1995; Royal Medal, Royal Society 2001; Dirac Medal, International Centre for Theoretical Physics 2005; and Honorary Doctor of Science, Tel Aviv University, 2006. (b. 1928) Richard Eisenberg Tracy H. Harris Professor of Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, USA, eisenberg@chem.rochester.edu Professor RICHARD EISENBERG, Sackler Lecturer 2007/2008. Tracy H. Harris Professor of Chemistry, Rochester, Rochester, New York since 1996; Chair, Department of Chemistry from 1991-94 and Associate Dean, College of Arts and Science from 1989-91. He was in Israel in 1997 as the Varon Visiting Professor, Weizmann Institute and Lady Davis Fellow, Hebrew University. Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Inorganic Chemistry, 1997-'98; Editorial Advisory Board, Organometallics, 1998-'00; Editor-in-Chief, Inorganic Chemistry, 2001-present. Recipient: ACS Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry, 2003; ACS Committee on Science, 2003-2005; Rochester ACS Section Award, 2003; and Cleveland ACS Section Morley Medal, 2007. Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2005. Research interests include: homogeneous catalysis; organometallic compounds of the platinum group elements; photochemistry of platinum group element complexes; solar energy conversion and artifical photosynthesis; bond activation and oxidative addition; parahydrogen induced polarization; metal hydrides; structure-function relationships in catalytic systems. (b. 1943). Michael Elowitz Professor of Biology, Bioengineering and Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology and HHMI, Pasadena, CA, USA. melowitz@caltech.edu Prof. MICHAEL ELOWITZ, Sackler Scholar 2015/2016, is Professor of Biology and Bioengineering at Caltech, Investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Executive Officer for Biological Engineering. Prof. Elowitz received a B.A. in Physics (1992) from the University of California Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in Physics (1999) from Princeton University. He did postdoctoral research at the Rockefeller University (\|New York), before moving to California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 2003. Since 2003, he has served as an assistant professor of biology and as an applied physics Bren Scholar at Caltech. Prof. Elowitz’s numerous articles have appeared in such journals as Science, Nature, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. He is the recipient of several awards and distinctions: The Raymond and Beverly Sackler International Prize in Biophysics (2019); he was elected in 2015 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; The 2011 HFSP Nakasone Award; The 2008 Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering; he was named in the "Top 20 under 40" of Discover Magazine (2008); he was the recipient of the 2007 Genius grant, better known as the MacArthur Fellows Program; he has received fellowship from the Packard Foundation (2006); he was named in the 2004 Technology Review TR100 List of Top Innovators; he received the 2003 Burroughs Welcome Fund Interfaces award. Prof. Elowitz is notorious for the design of a synthetic gene regulatory network, the Repressilator, which helped initiate the field of synthetic biology. In addition, he showed, for the first time, how inherently random effects, or 'noise', in gene expression could be detected and quantified in living cells, leading to a growing recognition of the many roles that noise plays in living cells. His work in Synthetic Biology and Noise represent two foundations of the field of Systems Biology. Thomas Elsaesser Department of Media and Culture, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, elsaesser@uva.nl Professor THOMAS ELSAESSER, Sackler Visiting Scholar 2003/2004. Professor of Visual Culture, Department of Media and Culture, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Professor II at the University of Bergen, Norway, Department of Media Studies, 1993-1999. Professor Associate at the Hochschule f?r Gestaltung and ZKM, Karlsruhe since 1997. Executive Board Member of the Amsterdam School of Cultural Analysis and General Editor of the series Film Culture in Transition, published by Amsterdam University Press. Recipient of the Jay Leyda Prize, NYU; the Nancy Kovacs Singer Prize, USC. and the Ingmar Bergman Professorship, Stockholm University 2005. (b. 1943) Haim Eshed Israel Space Agency, Projects Management. Professor HAIM ESHED, Past Sackler Institute Member, 1984. Israel Space Agency, Projects Management. Awarded the Israeli Defence Award for Technological Achievements on three occasions, plus a special ten-year award. Head of the Defense Ministry?s Space Program (b. 1933) Gøsta Esping-Andersen Department of Political and Social Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, gosta.esping@upf.edu Prof. Gøsta Esping-Andersen, Sackler Lecturer 2017/2018, is professor of Sociology at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, where he directs the DEMOSOC research unit (an interdisciplinary research group specialized in demographic and sociological analysis, as well as labor market and criminology studies). In 2009 he was nominated ICREA-Academia professor. Prof. Esping-Andersen's scientific work centres on life course dynamics, social stratification and comparative social policy. Before coming to Pompeu Fabra, he taught at Harvard University, USA, the University of Trento, Italy, and the European University in Italy. His publications include The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism for which he was awarded the APSA's Aaron Wildavsky Enduring Contribution Award in 2005; The Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies (translated into Italian and Japanese); The Incomplete Revolution(Polity Press 2009), and most recently Families in the 21st Century (Stockholm SNS, 2016). Prof. Esping-Andersen is a member of the British Academy and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Doctor Honoris Causa at Roskilde and Copenhagen University. He is member of the scientific board of numerous scientific institutions including the Danish National Institute for Social Research, the CEACS of the Juan March Institute, IMDEA, and the Danish Strategic Research Council. Prof. Esping-Andersen has been actively engaged in applied policy relevant work for international organizations, including the United Nations, the OECD, ISSA, and the European Union. He participated in the preparation for the EU's Lisbon Summit in 2000 and co-authored a report on welfare state reform for the Belgian presidency of the EU in 2002. He was also a member of EU President Baroso's social policy advisory group. Prof. Esping-Andersen has directed a five-year ERC financed project on Family Polarization and Demographic Change. FProf. Awi Federgruen Professor of Management, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University af7@columbia.edu Professor AWI FEDERGRUEN, Sackler Lecturer 2007/2008. Charles E. Exley Professor of Managemant, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, New York, New York. Chairman Division, Risk and Operations Division since July 2004 and Member of the Executive Committee since 1989. He was Senior Vice Dean, responsible for all faculty and curricular affairs from 1997-2002 and Acting Dean, 2000-01. He was in Israel in 1988 as the Lady Davis Foundation Visiting Professor at Graduate School of Business, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and Visiting Professor, Department of Statistics, Tel Aviv University. Since 1979 Assistant Professor in Operations Management and Operations Research at the Graduate School of Management, University of Rochester. Recipient of the 2004 Distinguished Fellowship for Outstanding Research and Scholarship in Operations Management by the Manufacturing Service and Operations Management Society. Editorial activities: Senior Editor for MSOM journal Manufacturing and Service Operations Management from its inception, Associate Editor of Naval Research Quarterly, Associate Editor for Operations Research and former Departmental Editor for Management Science Manufacturing, Distributions Service Operations. (b. 1950) Marcus William Feldman Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, marc@charles.stanford.edu Professor MARCUS WILLIAM FELDMAN, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1997/1998. Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 1993 - present. Director, Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, Stanford, 1986 - present. Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1987 - present. Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1986 and Fellow, California Academy of Science. Honoary Professor, Beijing Normal University, 2002-2007. Paper of the year 2003 by The Lancet. (b. 1942) Mario F. Feldman Professor of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA. mfeldman@wusm.wustl.edu Prof. MARIO F. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Sackler Fellow 2021/2022, is a professor of Molecular Microbiology in the Department of Molecular Microbiology at Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA. In 2015, he was appointed to the Department of Molecular Microbiology, at the Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA, where he held the position of associate professor (2015-2019) and since 2019 of professor (2019-current). Prof. Feldman is a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology (2021). He received the Canadian Institute of Health New Investigator award (2008-2013). He is an editorial member in several journals: The Journal of Biological Chemistry (2015-current), the Journal of Bacteriology (2015-current), and Molecular Microbiology (2011-current). Prof. Feldman’s research focuses on the pathogenesis of the multi-drug-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii. He is recognized for his work characterizing secretion systems, bacterial surface structures, and outer membrane vesicles. He is also a leader in the field of bacterial vaccines. He has co-founded two biotech companies, VaxNewMo and VaxAlta, which develop carbohydrate-based vaccines for humans and livestock, respectively. Shoshana Felman Dept. of French & Comp. Literature, Yale Univ., New Haven, USA, mailto:shoshana.felman@yale.edu Professor SHOSHANA FELMAN, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1992/1993. Robert Woodruff Professor of Comparative Literature and French, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia since 2004. Previously the Thomas E. Donnelley Professor of French and Comparative Literature, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship (for research in France) 1973-74; American Council of Learned Societies grant in aid for research in France 1978. Honoray title granted by the French Government: named Chevaller des palmes academiques 1982. Fellow of the Whitney Humanities Center at Yale University 1985-1988. Elected Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2010. (b. 1941) Leopold Felsen Polytechnic Institute of New York, USA Professor LEOPOLD B. FELSEN, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1984/1985. Institute Professor Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, New York and Boston University, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, USA. Recipient of First Citation for Distinguished Research by Polytechnic Chapter of Society of Sigma XI 1973; awarded Balthasar van der Pol Gold Medal, International Board of Officers of URSI 1975; Doctor Tecnices, Honoris Causa, Tech. University of Denmark 1979; Humboldt Foundation Senior Scientist Award 1980. A Life Fellow of the IEEE and Fellow of the Optical Society of America and the Acoustical Society of America. (1924 - 2005) Julio M. Fernéndez Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York Professor JULIO M. FERNÉNDEZ, Ph., Sackler Scholar 2008/2009. Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY. since 2002.Previous positions: Chairman, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, 1997-2000; Chairman, NIH BBCB/MSFC Study Section, 2003-2006; Member of the Technical Advisory Board at VEECO Digital Instruments Corporation, 2002-2004; and Co-Organizer, German-American Frontier of Sciences meeting. 2002. Recipient of Honors: Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, 1983-1985; Max-Planck Fellowship, 1985-1986; Established Investigator of the American Heart Association, 1989-1994; Alexander von Humboldt Senior US Scientist Award, 1996; Fellow of the American Heart Association, 2001; Council Member of the Biophysical Society, 2002-2005; and Woodward Lecture, Harvard-MIT Physical Chemistry 2005. Prof. Fern?ndez has written over 120 scientific articles in international journals, with many of those covering his pioneering work in developing force spectroscopy of single proteins. (b. 1954) Gerald Fink Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, gfink@wi.mit.edu Professor GERALD R. FINK, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1984/1985. Professor of Genetics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is a founding member of the Whitehead Institute and the American Cancer Society. He is currently a Senior Scholar in Infectious Disease of the Ellison Foundation. Dr. Finks was the Director of the Whitehead Institute from 1990 to 2001. He received his B.A from Amherst College in 1962 and his Ph.D. from Yale in 1965. In addition, he has received honorary doctorates from Amherst College and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Dr. Fink's research focuses on the molecular biology of fungal infectious disease. He served as president of the Genetics Society of America. Among his many awards are the National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology 1981, the Medal of the Genetics Society of America 1982, Emil Christian Hansen Award (Denmark), the Yale Science and Engineering Award, and the 2001 George Beadle Award. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Medicine and the American Philosophical Society. Michael Fisher Dept. of Chemistry, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, USA Professor MICHAEL FISHER, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1981/1982. Horace White Professor, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. Recipient of Wolf Prize 1980, Boltzmann Medal 1983 and Royal Medal 2005. Member of National Academy of Science, 1983. Since 1987, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. (b. 1931) Steven D. Fraade Department of Religious Studies Yale University P.O.Box 208287 New Haven, CT 06520-8287 USA, steven.fraade@yale.edu Prof STEVEN D FRAADE, Sackler Scholar 2014/2015 is the Mark Taper Professor of the History of Judaism at Yale University, in the Department of Religious Studies and the Program in Judaic Studies. Professor Fraade graduated from Brown University in 1970 with an B.A. in Religious Studies, and received the degree of Ph.D. in 1980 from the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Oriental Studies, in ''post-biblical studies''. He joined the faculty of Yale in 1979 and became full professor in 1989. He has served as Chair of the Department of Religious Studies and of the Program in Judaic Studies and as the Director of Graduate Studies and Director of Undergraduate Studies of both. He currently chairs Yale's Program in Judaic Studies and until recently chaired its Language Study Committee. Among his fellowships and awards are a Morse Fellowship from Yale University, a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship, two Fellowships at the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, as well as research grants from the American Philosophical Society, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture. In 1992 he won the National Jewish Book Award for Scholarship for his book From Tradition to Commentary. In 2011 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Academy for Jewish Research, and in 2012 as an Honorary Member of the Academy of the Hebrew Language in Jerusalem. Professor Fraade serves on the Publications Committee of the Yale Judaica Series, Yale University Press, and is currently on the Editorial Boards of the Journal of Biblical Literature, the Early Judaism and its Literature Series of the Society of Biblical Literature, and the Journal of Ancient Judaism Supplements. He serves on the Steering Committees of the Qumran and History and Literature of Early Rabbinic Judaism Sections of the Society of Biblical Literature. He is an Affiliated Scholar of the Center for Jewish Law and Contemporary Civilization, Cardozo Law School. Professor Fraade has published widely in the history of ancient Judaism, rabbinic literature, multilingualism in antiquity, scriptural translation and interpretation, ancient Jewish legal rhetoric, and the Dead Sea Scrolls. He is the author of three books: Enosh and His Generation: Pre-Israelite Hero and History in Post-Biblical Interpretation (Scholars Press, 1984), From Tradition to Commentary: Torah and its Interpretation in the Midrash Sifre to Deuteronomy (State University of New York Press, 1991). Legal Fictions: Studies of Law and Narrative in the Discursive Worlds of Ancient Jewish Sectarians and Sages (Leiden: Brill, 2011). He is the co-editor of Rabbinic Perspectives: Rabbinic Literature and the Dead Sea Scrolls (Leiden: Brill, 2006), and Studies in the History and Culture of North American Jewry: Proceedings of the Symposium at Yale University, April 25, 2010, 2 vols. (English and Hebrew) (Jerusalem: The Center for Jewish Languages and Literatures, Hebrew University. The Program in Judaic Studies, Yale University, 2011). He is currently working on a book on scriptural translation and multilingualism in antiquity. Professor Fraade is married to Ellen D. Cohen, with whom he has three children. He is active in Jewish communal life of greater New Haven. He is a former vice-president of Congregation Beth El-Keser Israel, of which he is currently the chair of the Ritual Committee, chairs the Education Committee of Ezra Academy, and has served on the Community Relations Committee and Board of Trustees of the New Haven Jewish Federation, and is currently Vice President of the newly formed Jewish High School of Connecticut. (b. 1949) Jacob Frenkel International Econ., Univ of Chicago/ Gov. of Bank of Israel, Merryll Lynch, USA Professor JACOB A. FRENKEL, Sackler Scholar 1983/1984. David Rockefeller Professor of International Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Director of Research, International Monetary Fund, 1987-91; Governor, Bank of Israel, 1990-2000. Recipient of Israel Prize, 2002. Presently Vice-Chairman, American International Group (insurance corporation); Chairman, Group of Thirty (economic organization) and member of the Advisory Board, BrainStorm Cell Theraputic, Inc., Israel based biotech firm. (b. 1943) Scott L. Friedman, M.D. Director, Division of Liver Diseases Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Scott.Friedman@mssm.edu Professor SCOTT L. FRIEDMAN, M.D., Sackler Lecturer 2007/2008. Fishberg Professor and Chief, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York since 2001. He has performed pioneering research into the underlying causes of scarring, or fibrosis associated with chronic liver disease, and was the first to isolate and characterize the hepatic stellate cell, which is the key cell type responsible for scar production in liver. Recipient of the Hans Popper International Liver Research Prize, Falk Foundation in Freiburg, Germany 2003, recognizing his pioneering work into mechanisms and treatments of hepatic fibrosis. Current editorial positions: Senior Editor, Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Gastroenterology. Memberships and numerous committees include: Scientific Advisory Board, US-Israel Binational Science Foundation; American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Governing Board (to be AASLD President in 2009), Association of American Physicians and Fellow of the American Gastroenterological Association. GMax Gassmann Director of the Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland, maxg@access.uzh.ch Prof. Max Gassmann, Sackler Lecturer 2016/17, is a trained Swiss veterinarian with Peruvian roots. He is full professor of Veterinary Physiology and head of the corresponding institute, as well as Director of the Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), both institutions located at the University of Zurich. He graduated in Zurich before moving as a postdoctoral fellow to Stanford University Medical School were he joint the team of Prof. Paul Berg (Nobel Prize Laureate) for three years. Back in Zurich he first was lecturer at the Institute of Human Physiology before heading the one in the Veterinary Faculty. Prof. Gassmann works on erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (EpoR) since 1992. Among other achievements he established an Epo-overexpressing mouse line that shows a constitutive hematocrit of 80%. That animal model became very well known in the community as several observations were unexpected, for example the fact that expression of Epo in the eye protected against light-induced retinal degeneration. Up to now, over 25 manuscripts dealing with that mouse model were published. Based on his research he won several awards and was offered simultaneously three full professorships in Physiology, namely at the University of Heidelberg, Erlangen and Zurich. He is member of the Faculty of 1000 (F1000), Founding Member and Member of the Editorial Board of the newly established Journal “HYPOXIA” and has a standing visiting professorship at the Medical Faculty of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) in Lima, Peru. Apart form generating the above-mentioned Epo-overexpressing transgenic mouse line, he provided the community with the first working anti-HIF-1 antibody harvest from chicken eggs, demonstrated that Epo and EpoR are both expressed in the human and mouse brain and showed that Epo has a variety of non-erythropoietic functions such as protection against stroke and retinal degeneration, Epo-induced regulation of the hypoxic ventilatory response and Epo’s impact on cognition and motivation. At present, his H-index is 56 and he has published about 250 original articles and reviews. Morteza Gharib Aeronautics and Fluid Mechanics, California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, USA, MoryG@ghost.galcit.caltech.edu Professor MORTEZA GAHARIB, Sackler Scholar 2001/2002. Hans W. Liepmann Professor of Aeronautics and Professor of Bio-Inspired Engineering, Director of Center for Quantitative Visualization, Graduate Aeronautical Labs, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 1993 - present. Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineering. Editor, Experiments of Fluids. Member, American Physical Society. Recipient, Award for Excellence, Visualized Image, 1995, Visualization Society of Japan; Flow Visualization Award, American Physical Society, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1993, 1994; R&D Magazine's R&D 100 Award, 2008. (b. 1955) Roy Glauber Dept. of Physics, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, USA, glauber@physics.harvard.edu Professor ROY J. GLAUBER, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1987/1988. Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts and Adjunct Professor of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona, USA. Recipient: A. Michelson Medal, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia 1985; the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, American Physical Society, 1996; and the Nobel Prize in Physics 2005; and the 'Medalla de Oro del Spanish National Research Council' ('CSIC's Gold Medal') 2008. (b. 1925) Ken Goldberg Professor, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research and William S. Floyd Jr. Distinguished Chair in Engineering, UC Berkeley, California, USA, goldberg@berkeley.edu Professor KEN GOLDBERG, Sackler Lecturer 2011/2012, is Professor of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research and William S. Floyd Jr. Distinguished Chair in Engineering, UC Berkeley, California, USA, with joint appointments in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Art Practice, and the School of Information. Prof. Goldberg also holds an appointment in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of California, San Francisco, USA. Previous positions: Visiting faculty at MIT Media Lab, 2000; University of Southern California, 1991-1995. Prof. Goldberg is co-founder of the Berkeley Center for New Media and served as its Director from 2007-2010. He is also the Director of the Berkeley Laboratory for Automation Science and Engineering. Prof. Goldberg and his students have published over 150 peer-reviewed research papers, edited six books, and were granted seven U.S. patents. In 2004, Prof. Goldberg co-founded the IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering and served as Founding Chair of its Advisory Board. Prof. Goldberg was named National Science Foundation Young Investigator in 1994 and selected as White House Presidential Faculty Fellow in 1995 by former US President Bill Clinton. Prof. Goldberg was elected to two terms as Vice-President of Technical Activities for the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society. He is the recipient of the Joseph Engelberger Award (2000), the IEEE Major Educational Innovation Award (2001) and was elected IEEE Fellow in 2005. (b. 1961). Solomon Golomb Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, milly@usc.edu Professor SOLOMON W. GOLOMB, Sackler Visiting Scholar 1989/1990. Viterbi Professor of Communications and University Professor of Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Member of United States National Academy of Sciences, and United States National Academy of Engineering. Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Winner of the Shannon Award, 1985 (highest award of the Information Theory Society of the IEEE) and the Hamming Gold Medal, 2000 of the IEEE. Honorary doctorate degrees from Dubna International University, Russia and the Hebrew Union College, USA. Distinguished Alumnus Award of the Johns Hopkins University, 2002. Member of the Academic Advisory Committee and the International Board of Governors, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 2003-present. (b. 1932) Victor L. Granatstein Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, vlg@umd.edu Professor Victor L. Granatstein, Sackler Lecturer 2010-2011, is Professor Emeritus in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (UMCP) since August 1983 and Director of Research of the Center of Applied Electromagnetics at UMCP since 2008. He was Director of the Institute for Plasma Research (now renamed Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics) at UMCP from 1987 to 1998. Prof. Granatstein received the Ph. D. degree in electrical engineering from Columbia University, New York in 1963. He was a research scientist (MTS) at Bell Telephone Laboratories from 1964 to 1972. In 1969-70, he was a Visiting Senior Lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1972, he joined the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) as a Research Physicist, and from 1978 to 1983, he served as Head of NRL’s High Power Electromagnetic Radiation Branch. He spent sabbaticals in both 1994 and 2003 at Tel Aviv University where he holds the position of Sackler Professor by Special Appointment. His present research interests include coherent electromagnetic radiation from relativistic electron beams, advanced concepts in millimeter and submillimeter radiation sources, advanced methods of detecting concealed explosives and radioactive materials, the effects of high power microwaves on electronic circuits and systems and microwave hyperthermia of tumors He has co-authored more than 250 research papers in scientific journals and has co-edited three books. He holds a number of patents on active and passive microwave devices. His textbook “Physical Principles of Wireless Communications” became available in 2008. Prof. Granatstein is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a Life Fellow of the IEEE. He has received a number of major research awards including the E.O. Hulbert Annual Science Award, 1979; the Superior Civilian Service Award, 1980; the Captain Robert Dexter Conrad Award for scientific achievement (awarded by the Secretary of the Navy) 1981; the IEEE Plasma Science and Applications Award, 1991; and the Robert L. Woods Award for Excellence in Electronics Technology, 1998. Shiv Grewal NIH Distinguished Investigator; Chief, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology;Head, Chromosome Biology Section of the Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA. shiv.grewal@nih.gov Dr. Shiv Grewal, Sackler Lecturer 2018/2019, is an NIH Distinguished Investigator and is currently serving as the Chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Head of the Chromosome Biology Section of the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. He began his scientific career at the University of Cambridge, UK, where he held the prestigious Cambridge-Nehru scholarship. In 1993, he joined the National Cancer Institute as a postdoctoral fellow to pursue his interests in the epigenetic control of gene expression. Apart from his pioneering work on the role of centromeric repeats in heterochromatin assembly, Prof. Grewal showed that epigenetic imprints can be stably propagated through meiosis and in some instances inherited in cis. He also identified factors involved in the modifications of histones as key components of epigenetic marking process. Prof. Grewal joined Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory as an Assistant Professor in 1998 and was promoted to Associate Professor position. In 2003, he joined National Cancer Institute, Bethesda as a Senior Investigator. Dr. Grewal and colleagues discovered a highly conserved connection between RNAi and heterochromatin assembly that has revolutionized the current thinking on how complex genomes are assembled into higher-order chromatin structures. This important contribution was selected as a Breakthrough of the Year 2002 by Science magazine. Three papers from Prof. Grewal’s laboratory are cited for historic discoveries over the past 50 years by Nature. Prof. Grewal is the recipient of the prestigious Newcomb-Cleveland Prize, NIH Merit Award, and the NIH Directors’ award. He is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. David Gross Theoretical Physics, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA Professor DAVID GROSS, Sackler Lecturer 2009/2010. Frederick W. Gluck Professor of Theoretical Physics and Director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in 1966 at UC Berkeley. He was previously Thomas Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics at Princeton University. He has been a central figure in particle physics and string theory including the discovery of asymptotic freedom and the consequent development of Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of the strong nuclear force. This completed the Standard Model, which details how the three basic forces of particle physics--the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force--interact. He has also made seminal contributions to the theory of Superstrings, a burgeoning enterprise that brings gravity into the quantum framework, especially the discovery and development of heterotic string theory. His awards include the J. J. Sakurai Prize of the American Physical Society, 1986 MacArthur Foundation Fellowship Prize, 1987 Dirac Medal, 1988 Oscar Klein Medal, Stockholm University, 2000Harvey Prize, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 2000 the European Physical Society Prize in Elementary Particle Physics, 2003 the Grande Medaille d?Or, Academie des Sciences, France, 2004 and the Nobel Prize in Physics, 2004. He holds honorary degrees from the United States, Britain, France, Israel and Brazil. His membership includes the National Academy of Science, elected 1986 the American Academy of Arts and Science, elected 1985 the American Physical Society, elected 1974 and the Indian Academy of Science, elected 2007. (b. 1941) Yuval Grossman Professor of Theoretical Physics in the Department of Physics at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. yg73@cornell.edu Prof. YUVAL GROSSMAN, Sackler Fellow 2021/2022 and Guest Lecturer at the Emilio Segre Distinguished Lectures in Physics of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation for the academic year 2018/2019, is a Professor of Theoretical Physics in the Department of Physics at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. Prof. Grossman served as a Research Associate in Theoretical Physics at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center of Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (1996-2000). He then was appointed to the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, where he held the positions of Assistant Professor of Theoretical Physics (2000-2003) and Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics (2003-2007). In 2007, Prof. Grossman joined the Physics Department of Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, as an Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics (2007-2010), where he holds the position until today as a Full Professor of Theoretical Physics. Prof. Grossman is a Member of the US Neutrino Theory Network Steering Committee (2018). For his contributions to research and teaching, Prof. Grossman received several distinctions: Guest Lecturer at the Emilio Segre Distinguished Lectures in Physics, IAS, Tel Aviv University (2019), the Humboldt Research Award, Germany (2018), the “Outstanding Teacher” Award, Technion, Israel (2007), the Henry Taub Prize for Excellence in Research, Technion, Israel (2003), the “Best Teacher” Award, Technion, Israel (2003), the Alon Fellowship, Technion, Israel (2000), the Kennedy Prize, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel (1996), and the Feinberg graduate school distinction Prize, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel (1993). Prof. Grossman is a referee in several professional journals since 1996: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP), Nuclear Physics B, Physics Letters B, Physical Review D and Physical Review Letters. Prof. Grossman’s research on theoretical physics concentrates on issues related to some of the most fundamental open questions in the field, like the mystery of anti-matter, neutrino physics, and dark matter. In recent years, Prof. Grossman has mainly worked on B physics and neutrino physics. In the next few years, he expects to continue to research topics related to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Erich Gruen Department of History and Classics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, gruene@berkeley.edu Professor ERICH GRUEN, Sackler Scholar 2009/2010. Gladys Rehard Wood Professor of History and Classics, University of California, Berkeley since 1986. Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1986 Winston Fellow, Institute for Advanced Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1996 Austrian Cross of Honor for Arts and Letters, awarded 1999 American Philosophical Society, 2000 Honorary Member of the Roman Society, London, 2006 The Berkeley Citation for distinguished achievement and for notable service to the University, awarded 2007 and Villa Professor, the Getty Villa, 2007-08. Prof. Gruen has written about 10 books, 200 scholarly articles and reviews. He taught lecture courses on the historical background to major texts from antiquity (e.g. Exodus, later books of the Bible, Homer, Aeschylus, Herodotus, Thucydides, Vergil, Ovid, Tacitus), the Hellenistic period (from Alexander the Great to Cleopatra), the Roman Republic (from origins to the death of Caesar), and the Roman Empire (from Augustus to Constantine). (b. 1935) David Grusky Department of Sociology, Stanford University, USA, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Professor DAVID B. GRUSKY, Sackler Lecturer, 2007/2008. Director, Center for the Study of Poverty and Inequality, Stanford University, Stanford, California since 2005. Also on the Advisory Board, Institute for Research in the Social Sciences; Advisory Council, American Sociological Association Methodology Section, 2006-2008. Memberships include: Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science since 2003; Society for the Study of Social Problems since 2004; American Sociological Association since 1984; American Statistical Association since 1994; American Association for the Advancement of Science since 1985. Recipient of the Max Weber Prize, 2005 American Sociological Association, Occupational Ghettos: The Worldwide Segregation of Women and Men, M. Charles and D. B. Grusky, 2004. Editorial responsibilities include: Co-Editor (with M. Tienda and P. England), Studies in Social Inequality and Controversies in Inequality , Stanford University Press Series Editor since 1997; Editorial Boards, Contexts since 2004 and Worldwide Attitudes since 1998. His recent books are: The Inequality Reader: Contemporary and Foundational Readings in Race, Class, and Gender (ed., D. B. Grusky and S. Szelény, 2007); The Declining Significance of Gender? (ed., F. D. Blau, M. C. Brinton, and D. B. Grusky, 2006); Mobility and Inequality: Frontiers of Research from Sociology and Economics (ed. S. Morgan, G. Fields, and D. B. Grusky, 2006); Poverty and Inequality (ed. D. B. Grusky and R. Kanbur, 2006).(b. 1958) HJörg Hacker Board of "Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte"; and Vice President of "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Professor Jörg Hacker, Sackler Lecturer 2005/2006. Chair for "Molekulare Infektionsbiologie", ZINF, University of Wörzburg, Germany since 2000. Honors and Grateful Memberships: Member of the "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina", 1998; Carus-Medal of the Leopoldina & Carus-Award, City of Schweinfurt, 2001; Honorary Doctor (Dr. med. h.c.), University of Umea/Sweden; "Academy of Sciences" Gottingen, 2003; Honorary Doctor, Tel Aviv University 2012; Member of the "Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften", 2006. Member in Editorial Boards: Infection and Immunity, 1995 - ; International Journal of Medical Microbiology (Editor in Chief), 2000 - present; Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2002 - present. Membership in Scientific Societies: Board of the "Robert Koch Foundation", 1999 - present; Institute "Technik-Theologie-Naturwissenschaften", (TTN), University of Munich, 2001 - present; Speaker, Forschungsverbund FORIMMUN of the Bavarian Research Society, 2003 - present; Board of "Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Äuml;rzte"; and Vice President of "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), 2003 - present. Marc Rich Academic Workshops 2007, Tel Aviv University, "Molecular Processes in Health and Diseases, Microbiology and microbial Bioinformatics", Organization committee. (b. 1952) Duncan Haldane Nobel Prize Laurate in Physics,Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. haldane@princeton.edu Prof. F. Duncan M. Haldane, Sackler Lecturer 2018/2019, who shared the 2016 Nobel Prize for Physics with David Thouless and Michael Kosterlitz, is the Sherman Fairchild University Professor of Physics at Princeton University. He is also a foreign associate of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society and the Institute of Physics (UK). Prof. Haldane received his Ph.D. in theoretical condensed matter physics from Cambridge University, under the direction and mentorship of Philip W. Anderson (Nobel Laureate in Physics 1977). Previously to his appointment at Princeton University he worked at research labs including the Institut Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France), the University of Southern California, the Bell Laboratories and the University of California, San Diego. Prof. Haldane was awarded, a share of the Nobel Prize for his theoretical work on “topological states of matter”, including the pioneering work on (unexpected and initially controversial) “topological quantum states” of one-dimensional systems of magnetic atoms and on his theoretical prediction from 1988 of (ferromagnetic) topological insulators exhibiting the “quantum anomalous Hall effect”. On his work on “topological quantum states” of one-dimensional systems of magnetic atoms, he had received the Oliver Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society in 1993, and on his theoretical prediction of (ferromagnetic) topological insulators exhibiting the “quantum anomalous Hall effect”, which was later observed experimentally in 2013, he had received the 2012 Dirac medal of the International Center for Theoretical Physics (Trieste) with Charles Kane and Shou-Cheng Zhang. Prof. Haldane’s work helped to open up new directions and ways of thinking about quantum effects in condensed matter. In recent years, “topological quantum matter” has grown into an active experimental field, who many believe may provide platforms for “quantum computing. Along with this, he had also initiated the field of “topological photonics”. He currently works on “quantum geometry” in the “fractional quantum Hall effect”. Prof. Haldane was born in London in 1951, of mixed Scottish and Slovenian origins. Despite having three forenames, he is unrelated to the famous biologist J. B. S. Haldane. David Weiss Halivni Classical Jewish Civilization, Columbia University, New York, USA, dw13@columbia.edu Professor DAVID WEISS HALIVNI, Recipient: Israel Prize 2009, Talmud Research; Sackler Scholar 1998/1999. Lucius N. Littauer Professor of Classical Jewish Civilization, Columbia University, New York, New York., 1985 - present. Recipient of Bialik Prize, City of Tel Aviv ,1985; Guggenheim and Louis Ginzberg Fellowships; Former President, American Academy for Jewish Research; Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Science; Honorary Doctorate, Tel Aviv University, 1998 and Award of Distinction, Bar Ilan University, 2003. He emigrated to Israel in July 2005 and teaches at Hebrew University and Bar Ilan University. (b. 1928) Joseph Halpern Computer Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Professor JOSEPH HALPERN, Sackler Lecturer 2009/2010. Computer Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York since 1996. He received a B.Sc. in Mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1975 and a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Harvard University in 1981. In between, he spent two years as the Head of the Mathematics Department at Bawku Secondary School, in Ghana. After a year as a visiting scientist at MIT, he joined the IBM Almaden Research Center in 1982, where he remained until 1996, also serving as a Consulting Professor at Stanford University. Prof. Halpern's major research interests are in reasoning about knowledge and uncertainty, security, distributed computation, decision theory, and game theory. Together with his former student, Yoram Moses, he pioneered the approach of applying reasoning about knowledge to analyzing distributed protocols and multi-agent systems. He has coauthored 5 pa
5443	dbpedia	2	7	https://www.facebook.com/DreamlordsDigital/	en	Facebook	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico	[ "https://facebook.com/security/hsts-pixel.gif?c=3.2" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.	de	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico		https://www.facebook.com/login/
5443	dbpedia	0	14	https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Dreamlords	en	Dreamlords	https://wikiwandv2-19431…s/icon-32x32.png	https://wikiwandv2-19431…s/icon-32x32.png	[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Dreamlords was a massively multiplayer online real-time strategy (MMORTS) game, developed by Swedish game developers Lockpick Entertainment. Dreamlords was online only, and was free to play with an option to pay for additional benefit. It included in-game currency called Tribute that was used to buy items like spells to aid the players. The game used both a browser game and a downloadable real-time strategy client. Dreamlords also includes elements of role-playing video games.	en	https://wikiwandv2-19431…icon-180x180.png	Wikiwand	https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Dreamlords	2007 video game / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions: Can you list the top facts and stats about Dreamlords? Summarize this article for a 10 year old SHOW ALL QUESTIONS
5443	dbpedia	1	19	https://www.gamepressure.com/games/pc/strategy/-109	en	PC Strategy Video Games \| 109	https://www.gamepressure…avicon-32x32.png	https://www.gamepressure…avicon-32x32.png	[ "https://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035191&cv=2.0&cj=1", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/im/mnu/mnu-top-pic1.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/im_gp/svg/gp-logo-2020.svg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/im_gp/svg/gp-logo-2020.svg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/11633343.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/523609571.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/429471392.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/511344367.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/591580080.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/438604096.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/599665581.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/519813552.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/429650512.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/602811466.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/425172706.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/84965273.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/358536848.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/343056494.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/945284922.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/160486917.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/254236248.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/436721632.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/606878911.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/71421235.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/69639267.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/436639014.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/591953453.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/74061474.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Page 109. Strategy video games for PC sorted by popularity among gamers. Strategy games require an analytical mind, ability think ahead, manage resources, and taking the right tactics in fighting the AI or other players.	en	/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png	Gamepressure.com	https://www.gamepressure.com/games/pc/strategy/-109	Sigma Theory: Global Cold War Strategy 21 November 2019 A turn-based psychological thriller game with political, espionage, and science-fiction elements. Sid Meier's Starships Strategy 12 March 2015 Another entry in the strategy game series created by the legendary developer Sid Meier. In a way it us a continuation to the Civilization franchise, especially Beyond Earth, to which it is connected with its story. What is different is that this time we leave our planet’s surface and focus on managing a fleet of vessels in space. We lead an expedition with a task to save a distant civilization from doom, which requires protecting certain planets and eliminating things that threaten them. Europa Universalis IV: El Dorado Strategy 26 February 2015 Another DLC for the fourth installment of the popular Europa Universalis grand strategy game series. As the title suggests, the expansion takes us to the age of discoveries, although it presents the events of the period from a quite different perspective. Lucadian Chronicles Strategy 15 October 2015 A card strategy game set in a fictional fantasy world. The title in the basic version is available for free, and unblocking the full content requires a one-time fee. Battle Battalions Strategy 03 November 2015 An unusual online free-to-play game that combines real-time strategy and MOBA. Battle Battalions (previously known as Victory or Victory Command) was designed by Petroglyph, an experienced developer, formerly a part of the legendary Westwood Studios (known for the Command & Conquer series). The game is set in modern day, although it does not refer to any actual armed conflicts. Ageod's To End All Wars: Breaking the Deadlock Strategy 24 February 2015 The first official expansion to Ageod’s To End All Wars – a strategy war game developed by AGEOD with advanced strategy game players in mind. The add-on introduces five new scenarios that take place in the years 1915-1918. The biggest one, i.e. Grand Campaign 1916-1918, lets you follow the events from the critical year 1916 to the end of the war. Interestingly, you are free to change the course of the conflict according to your vision and strategy. Gardens Inc. 3: Bridal Pursuit Strategy 24 December 2014 The third entry in the series of casual time-management strategy games developed by Polish studio Nitreal Games. Gardens Inc. 3: Bridal Pursuit presents further story of the characters from previous entries in the series: Mike and Jill, who finally decided to marry each other. In order to earn the money for the wedding of their dreams, they decided to expand their garden business to Europe. However, their plans are interrupted by a sudden robbery of their wedding rings. Supernova Strategy 18 December 2019 A science fiction MOBA strategy game developed by Hungarian studio Primal Game. In Supernova the whole universe is a battlefield and the players can join the forces of humans or aliens. The greatest commanders of the entire universe are joining their ranks, including mercenaries, powerful mechs, cyborgs and various alien species, for which fighting for survival is a common thing. The gameplay is based on competition between two 5-person teams. Braveland Wizard Strategy 04 December 2014 The game brings a continuation to a well-received hybrid of a turn-based strategy and an RPG. Braveland Wizard was created by Tortuga Team and casts the player in the role of a female Magic Academy student who sets out on a journey out of hunger for adventure. The protagonist traverses a fantasy world, facing hordes of orcs, ghosts and dangerous nomads. Killers and Thieves Strategy 23 May 2017 An arcade strategy game with RPG elements created by Candle & Key, a group of enthusiasts led by Alex Thomas. The title gives us an opportunity to lead a medieval thieves and assassins guild. Our responsibilities include recruiting amateur troublemakers, and educating them to become experts of assassination and thievery. Every member of the guild has his individual statistics and abilities which are improved with every successful heist. BattleLore: Command Strategy 31 March 2015 BattleLore: Command is a Fantasy Flight Games team-packed fantasy strategy with a tactical turn-based battle system. The game offers an extensive feature campaign and PvP mode, allowing you to face other people. Seaworthy Strategy canceled Seaworthy is a roguelike game in which the player takes control of a pirate ship. By managing the crew and deciding on the direction of the journey, he travels another sea miles on his way to fame and wealth. The title offers procedurally generated levels, so that each expedition is different and provides new experiences. Divided We Fall Strategy 02 October 2017 A World War II-themed online strategy game developed by KAVA Game Studio. The players assume control of a number of four-man teams that are sent to participate in a battle between two factions. Each faction is led by a commander that coordinates the actions of the teams and decides upon their course of action. In opposition to most online strategy games, the battlefield can be joined by up to fifty players at once, with the game allowing 1v1 battles, which are also a viable option. Battle Academy 2: Battle of Kursk Strategy 26 March 2015 The first expansion to the well-received turn-based strategy game Battle Academy 2: Eastern Front from Slitherine. The expansion pack recreates the eponymous Battle of Kursk, known as the greatest armored battle in world’s history. In the summer of 1943 the Nazi Germany made a desperate attempt at regaining the upper hand on the Eastern Front, throwing in almost all of their advanced combat vehicles. Space Colony: Steam Edition Strategy 30 April 2015 This is the second (after Space Colony HD) attempt to refresh a classic economic space strategy game, which was created by Firefly and released in 2003. This new edition was created with support from the Steam digital distribution platform. The game is set in a distant future and the player's goal here is to establish an efficiently working network of space colonies, on behalf of Blackwater Industries. The mechanics present combined elements of strategies and simulation games, such as The Sims. Age of Wonders III: Eternal Lords Strategy 14 April 2015 The second official expansion to the turn-based strategy game Age of Wonders III developed by Triumph Software in 2014. In the expansion the players can once again visit the fantasy realm of Evermore in which various races are fighting for domination. During the completely new story campaign the player assumes the role of Avik – the successor of the kingdom of Frostlings. He wants to reclaim his realm by using the forbidden powers of necromancy. Ascension: Chronicle of the Godslayer Strategy 16 December 2014 Ascension: Chronicle of the Godslayer is a fantasy card. Players initially have only ten identical cards and then fight to take over or destroy the remaining cards in the pot. The game offers the possibility to play duels in both multiplayer and singleleplayer modes. Chroma Squad Strategy 30 April 2015 An oldschool, humorous strategy game from the creators of Knights of Pen & Paper from Behold studio. The game tells the story of a group of stuntmen, who after years-long career have decide to make their own TV series and hire the player as their manager. Gameplay focuses on the economic aspects and tactical, turn-based battles. We must hire actors, give them costumes and roles in each scene. Skyworld Strategy 17 October 2017 A turn-based strategy game by Vertigo Games, developed for VR headsets. In Skyworld, you inherit your deceased father's shabby kingdom, and your task is to manage it so that it returns to its former glory. You also inherit a magical scepter, which you use to cast spells to create new buildings and lead your army in order to get rid of any enemies. Sovereignty: Crown of Kings Strategy 02 February 2017 A turn based 4X strategy game with card game elements, set in a fantasy realm and developed by the Luxembourg-based independent studio The Lordz Games, previously known mainly for the Panzer Corps series. The story begins when the old Boruvian Empire starts to decline, and the younger kingdoms, rising in power, are more than willing to speed up its demise, seeing it as an opportunity to establish their own supremacy. Tiny Guardians Strategy 24 March 2016 A mobile strategy game by Kurechii, blending tower defense and classic RTS elements. Tiny Guardians in set in a classic fantasy realm, which you have to defend against a monster invasion. To succeed, you have to find a powerful sorceress, who is the only person possessing powers that can stop the forces of evil once and for all. Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense Strategy 09 June 2015 The sixth major DLC for the 2013’s Europa Universalis IV, a part of the grand strategy game series developed since 2001 by Paradox Interactive. The biggest novelty of Europa Universalis IV: Common Sense is the new province development system that limits provinces’ expansion based on their size and the so-called development level. By spending the monarch points, we can also expand individual buildings, making them more effective, and increase the income from our provinces.
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torque netcode can allow a 28.8 modem user to play online along side cable/dsl users without being hammered by horrible crippling lagg, infact its the most efficent netcode your gonna find next to that used in ultima online.(uo can be played on 14.4!!!) for moar info on torque, use google http://www.garagegames.com/products/torque/tgea/ a full fetured game engine for a very reasonable price!!! oh and torque handles MASSIVE maps far better then any other engine to date, you can litterly creat a whole planet in 1 map without having to have load zones!!!! 3 classes/races, best to read them on the site, i get the feeling there will be more later, this is an alpha/beta class project so you know its still being molded damn man! I have to wait till 2ish my time! why man, why? hospital has a tight security on web, because they use it for bed side service. meaning, tablet pcs allow dr's, nurse to order anything for the patient, and they were trying to add a pc to every room for internet access. so the only reason I can acess this forum is that the head of I.S. uses it to look up different problems himself. I have connections omg, eather its a rich person hospitile or you have had some VERY nasty food and anything looks good in compairson.......or ur mouths wattering because ur trying not to gag all jokes aside, the only thing i have ever had at hosp that wasnt nasty has been poboy samiches and lime jello, the container for the jello taisted better then the chicken they served!!!!!(thats pretty bad since the jello came in a plastic cup )
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"https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/5fb6eab35646311c6098a26bc2f880023e841efada7cea01331696a53c989a65?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/5fb6eab35646311c6098a26bc2f880023e841efada7cea01331696a53c989a65?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2014-10-08T00:00:00	I was kind of frustrated that Alstaire Sarthou was not able to attend any seminar on gaming due to his hectic schedule at the Tokyo Game Show. Before he left for Tokyo, he mentioned there was at least one seminar on September 21 that he could probably squeeze into his schedule so that…	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/5fb6eab35646311c6098a26bc2f880023e841efada7cea01331696a53c989a65?s=32	Miracle Animation Studios Inc.	https://miracleanimationstudiosinc.com/2014/10/08/philippine-gaming-festival/	I was kind of frustrated that Alstaire Sarthou was not able to attend any seminar on gaming due to his hectic schedule at the Tokyo Game Show. Before he left for Tokyo, he mentioned there was at least one seminar on September 21 that he could probably squeeze into his schedule so that we could learn more about gaming. But on the 21st, there were too many people at the entrance and he could not enter the venue, so he just left the site and visited his aunt somewhere in Tokyo and the next day he went back to Manila. Although Alstaire’s experience in Tokyo was a big help, it lacked the guidance of as to how are we going to proceed to develop our planned casual mobile game from hereon and avoid the many pitfalls we may encounter as a new indie game publisher. Five days after Alstaire arrived in Manila, Grace emailed me about a conference on gaming sponsored by the Game Developer’s Association of the Philippines (GDAP) to be held at the SMX Convention Hall on October 3 to 4, 2014. At first, I was hesitant to attend since I have some plans on the 4th and no one from Top Peg was attending, since all of them were busy. But after reviewing the topics and the number of speakers, I decided to pay for the 2 day conference within 2 days. At first I thought the conference was going to be a bummer, as the registration was still not prepared at 8 am when the announcement said that registration will start at 7 am, plus the personnel were kind of clueless also. To make the long story short, the conference started around 9:30 am and I thought this may not end well after having a bad start. My first impression quickly changed as the president of GDAP started talking about gaming in the introduction. The succeeding speakers were all competent, engaging and had interesting topics as well. I think that this was the best seminar that I attended in my life; the seminar fee was a real bargain (P3,500 for the first day and P300 for the second day) as one could never get this kind of information anywhere. Add another P200, then one can have access to to many other workshops about game development held in two other halls for two days, although I did not have time to attend the workshops anymore. I got a lot of practical insights and information before starting to develop a game. What the conference gave me was a reality check and some contacts with industry players. At least now we are better equipped to avoid major pitfalls and not expect too much as we are just going to develop a casual game as an extension to our property rather than making games as our main business. In my estimate, the 2 day conference was attended by 90% college students and most of these students came from the College of St. Benilde. There were more people for the second day but the conference hall was never full, since some were attending the workshops and many were trying out the games outside the conference hall. October 3, 2014 – Summary of Topics Discussed Mr. Alvin Juban – President of GDAP – Introduction Alvin is a very ebullient and infectious guy that he reminds me of the game character Super Mario. Despite the many challenges game development has in the country, Alvin remains optimistic. His mission is to increase the business side or number of game studios in the country within a 3 to 5 year time frame. To make gaming more visible and progressive, GDAP constantly coordinates and seeks assistance from government institutions such as the Board of Investments (BOI), the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). GDAP together with the DTI is on a mission to promote and educate other countries of the existence of a gaming industry in the country by attending conventions on gaming abroad, such as as the XDS (External Development Summit) in Vancouver Canada last September 10 to 12, Tokyo Game Show last September 16 to 21, G-Star in Busan, South Korea on November 20 to 23, and GDC in San Francisco in 2015. GDAP also held the Philippine Game Festival (PGF) on its 5th year for the first time that was held publicly outside school grounds. In the recent XDS, Alvin says the Canadians were very surprised to learn that Filipinos can speak English and use computers. Alvin says that two things are positive points for us in the gaming industry: 1) Filipinos are naturally creative. 2) We can speak English well. 1) Senator Paulo Benigno “Bam: Aquino – “The Rise of the Philippine Gaming Industry” Senator Aquino says he grew up with computers and is a gamer all his life. He believes that the gaming industry in the country is like where the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry was 10 to 15 years ago. He says that Filipinos have all the elements to make his fearless forecast a reality, so he is pushing for the support of the BOI and DTI for this industry. If this sector grows, it can drive the economy forward and enable us to have the technology and discipline to make our own high value-added games. He hopes with the growth, more investors will start coming to the country. 2) Mr. Jeff Saez of NuWorks – “Using Games for Customer Engagement” Jeff comes from the advertising industry and he first gave some Philippine statistics from Nielsen. Of the 100 million Filipinos: the Internet penetration is 49%, social network penetration is 48%, mobile phone penetration is 70%, smart phone penetration is 16% and tablet penetration is 4%. Jeff also gave some statistics in terms of media consumption, top ten activities in the Internet and other statistics. Jeff then talked about the power of gamification, which is applying game principles to everyday activities. It uses the core drives of people and makes new uses for games. The participants are given rewards such as social recognition, progress or leader badges if they succeed in doing some of the activities required in the game. Local brands such as Sky Flakes uses vending machines located in malls and teaches people to dance their way for a few minutes for fun and fitness. Chooks to Go applies the vending machines in malls to increase brand awareness by engaging people to do some chicken moves and the participants have some fun with it. Gamification in these cases introduces game concepts, design and development to encourage product purchases. Gamification is also introduced for agriculture, wherein buyer of agricultural products are informed of how their purchasing decisions help the farmers. In other countries, gamification changes social behavior in driving more slowly, urinating in public urinals instead of anywhere and improving the submission of health records by just tapping the smart phone for children with cancer. The said children have little energy and motivation to record their daily health with paper and pencil. The gamification of the health record is tied up with a police TV series and the children are awarded some virtual badges. 3) Mr. Vincent Tanwar, Strategic Partner Lead Gaming Google – “Retaining and Monetizing Your Mobile Games with Game Analytics” To maximize revenues and lifetime value, one should harness the power of analytics. Vineet stressed the importance of analytics in analysing user behavior to have good business decision and and have a sustainable business. Gaming has a lot of things to measure where Google analytics can help like in user demographics, tracking marketing return on investment, engagement and retention rate, virality, social event, tracking ratings and reviews, tracking moetization, identifying and destroying road blocks, segmenting your audience, Google analytics in Admob and host of other information to track. 4) Mr. Markku Kero of Eqela – “Maximizing Cross Platform Technology for Game Developers” Markku’s topic is about the technical limitations encountered with softwares in making games. The cross platforms can help in enhancing softwares. Although there are issues with cross platforms, it can still be improved. One thing that needs to be addressed is how to program the game without eating too much battery power. 5) Mr. Gabby Dizon of Altitude Games – “Making Games for the Asean Market” Gabby talked about how start-ups can manage with a small budget to improve their game. He talked about his experience with his current mobile game “Super V” which is currently at Google play. With only $60 as a budget, he was able to reach 55,264 page reach. He started with only one level with quick art and tested it in Singapore’s Casual Connect. From there, he learned what players positively reacted to – the theme was well received and artwork loved but the negative was confusion on the structure. So with the feedback, he improved on the parts that needed some adjustments. 6) Mr. Kimi Iwasaki of Klab Cyscorpions – “Designing Japanese Mobile Games” Klab Cyscorpions has an office at the Fort and it exclusively develops games for the Japanese market. Kimi gave some statistics that Japan now is the leading market for mobile games in the world, surpassing the US. Part of the reason is an easier payment scheme. Of the top 10 games in Japan, he cited 3 common points: 1) Good graphics and sound 2) Marketing on television which could reach $1M to $5M 3) Large budget 7) Mr. Miker Rivero of ABS-CBN Interactive – “Games for Filipinos” Miker is one of the pioneers of gaming in the country; he showed the history of his works through the decades and how he started as a game developer/manager. At first it was trial and error where he experienced many ups and downs, some studios he worked for also closed down. He started in advertising, then went onto self-publishing and consultancy, until his current work. He gave some tips in new product design which should cover the following aspects: marketability, feasibility and originality. He is an advocate of developing a Filipino game that can be famous as some famous games. Game themes should be universal rather than localized. 8) Mr. Marnielle Estrada of IGDA Manila – “The Complexities of Game Development” Marinielle showed how he solved some of the problems he encountered in developing his game. He began by saying art style is memory. 2D requires lots of images, which has double resolution which means 4 times the memory requirement. The solution is to use sprite tile based pixel art where each cell is 16 x 16, this saves a lot of memory usage. Level design is a full time job, wherein one level takes an average of 3 hours to make his game has 30 levels. Level design is divided into 4 parts: 1) tile mapping – 30 minutes; 2) Compose enemy waves – 1 hour; 3) Testing – 5 to 10 minutes; 4) Iteration – go back to previous steps depending on your testing. The next challenge is difficulty – the combination of difficulty, assigning the values of difficulties – where he showed how to place different values on the program and see if it works. 9) Panel Discussion During the panel discussion, Mr. Alvin Juban mentioned that: “Game playing is for everyone but game development is for a chosen few.” The next day I tried to reconcile this quote with Senator Bam Aquino’s fearless forecast of generating enough manpower for the gaming industry. Game developing requires a very high technical skill set and this means expensive training and equipment. So I’m still at a lost of whether we can really create enough manpower and business in the succeeding years which is aggravated with migrating skilled programmers. The panel also answered the question of hiring with low grades. The panel was unanimous that grades are not that important, what is important is one’s portfolio, passion and what one does outside school. They are looking for what one can do, what skills one is developing and what one could develop. For one panelist, without a portfolio, an applicant is relegated to the bottom of the applicants. For another panelist, he just checks if one really graduated from college. Another hired a journalist major who had passion for game design and was an active gamer. For another a college graduate is not even required in his country – Finland. October 4, 2014 – Summary of Topics Discussed 1) Mr. Mon Ibrahim of DOST-ICTO – Opening Remarks Mon says that the gaming sector is the only sector where more money from the the government is not used by GDAP – there is still a surplus of funds. The CHED already approved a new university program last January 2014 called BSC in Entertainment Computing. The problem is where do we get the teachers to teach the required subjects? TESDA is already accrediting trainers for the multi-media arts. And the DOST with the University of the Philippines Information System has a four month program to enhance the skills for those already in programming in multi-media. In the Asean, the Philippines is the third country to offer a formal college program for game development aside from Singapore and Malaysia. The government is trying to move from voice services to higher value services and enable to create Filipino content. 2) Mr. Norman Lee of De Lasalle College of St. Benilde – “The Game is Changing for Philippine Game Development” Norman says in 2007 GDAP had 7 founding members and in 2014 there are now 28 core members. He estimates there are around 60 game developers in the country. The growth is due to a generation who grew up with games wanting to create games and the global market for games is growing. But there is a supply problem of technical skills, and this is where the CHED (BSC Entertainment Computing) and TESDA (Training and accrediting certified trainors in game development) are needed growth of the manpower to be accomplished. The key to change is education if there are more technical manpower, hopefully there will be more business in gaming, more foreign investors and finally big businesses in gaming coming in the country. However, he stressed that education should aim for quality education and not for profit. There are now trends in game development that shows growth in improvement. In the early days of game development it was mostly self-taught, now there is formal education. There are now game development contests in and outside college and the result is students are now placing high versus the industry professionals. The level of skill and knowledge of students is now at par and sometimes even better than the professionals in some cases. There is also a gamification of some traditional businesses. 3) Mr. Russell Tomas – Dreamlords Digital As an indie developer, Russell aims developing games with the highest quality since he started his company. He talked about the explosion of indie game developers as technology becomes more affordable, so there is an ease of entry in mobile and console game development. There will be new technologies in wearables, body motion, mind control etc. that will influence how we will play games in the future. Russel says lack of money is not a limitation to be creative. He cited his case, where they were able to get $50K from Kickstarter funding. However, there are bad examples in the said funding, where some just steal the money, don’t finish the project either through mismanagement of the fund, underestimated the complexity of their game or lack of skill to push with the development. He said there are 3 people who worked on their current project which is a high quality game; he added that can you imagine if there were more people who will work on it. 4) Mr. Solon Chen – “Game On and We Got Games” The Game On competition for college students started in 2011 and every year the rules are changed a bit to make the competition better, while the number and quality of entries are also improving. For the first time, in 2014 – 8 high schools with some selected student were included to have a game development competition and their mentors are the college students. The students were required to produce a game for two days which includes a workshop, so the total time for actually developing a game is around 8 hours. The results were good, so Solon and Dr. Niña Sales of Informatics will continue to improve the current competition. 5) Mr. Erick Garaybas of Kuyi Mobile – “Game Development Stories: Epic Paint Adventure” Erick has one goal and that is to make fun games. Since he has a game with millions of downloads, he could afford to experiment by creating new games. His goal in making Epic Paint Picture is not only for profit but to have a new learning experience. a) To understand the market, experiment with a lot of things and gather data. b) To find out if these kinds of games really make money. c) To prove that not all free games are out to get your money. d) To experiment with Application Search Optimization (ASO), monetization and other technical stuff. e) Conclusion: 5K+ daily users, conversion rate is great, tapped new market, experimental game, not my kind of game – many data, iterative game. If you have a new game – experiment. 6) Mr. Sharan Balani of Quickfire Games – “Game Development Stories: Wild Season” Quickfire is the first studio in the country to be funded by Kickstarter with seed money of around $60K. To get the fund, Sharan thought about nothing in the next 30 days. He promised a lot of features in the game, but there were no specifics. The money went to the development, marketing and business development and operations. Sharan says most developers just concentrate the funds on the development of the game and forgetting both the marketing/business development and operating aspects of the business. In terms of development – how are you going to implement the engines, story art, and number of characters. In his case, it took 2 months to test the art work and features. In the business development side, he was lucky to have some contacts with Soedesco the developer of Resident Evil. In marketing, he used Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube and other social media outlets constantly. Operations consists of the taxes, payroll, maintenance etc. to get the growing business moving. One should anticipate the operating costs, as it will increase as the business increases. 7) Mr. Allen Tan, Managing Director of White Widget – “Game Development Stories: Face Mountain” Allen started the company with a partner in 2013 and is self-funded. He balances services and independent content creation. In 2014, there were around 13 people in the company. The idea came about for Face Mountain when there was a brownout in the office and they have to go to a restaurant for lunch with their laptops. They talked about the need to develop their own game and Candy Crush was a popular game at that time. So they decided to do a matching game that they could do within a month but a polished game will take more than that time. The first idea was face matching “Match Your Face”. There were problems with the prototype like the photos were too small and the game too gimmicky. Initial changes include adding a mountain, use only one photo, static backdrop and tiles, movement of pictures. There was nothing special about the game, so they put faces on everything, the rocks, strawberries etc. except for the grass. They also changed the background as they were not happy with it. Designing the avatar was a long process with 36 different kinds of eyes. They narrowed the choice to 12 eyes and chose the weird looking one as it is distinct and became a staple in the game. In mobile games, one cannot have all the good things, since each character to load was 20 seconds which was unacceptable. so they have to reduce the special features and find an acceptable limit. To improve the game experience, they have to reduce the mechanics as it was too confusing and the User Interface was too big. They plan to load the game on iOS late October 2014 but the initial plan to launch it was October 2013. This sounds familiar, and this is just a mobile game, compare that with a full season for animation which is a lot more difficult to develop and produce. 8) Mr. Bari Silvestre of Keybol Games – “Game Development Stories: Belial: Ars Demon” Bari was a former factory worker and accountant, but his interest in game development enabled him to produce games that were highlighted by game magazines abroad. Even if his new game is not out yet, it is being touted as a game to watch out for by some industry writers. Bari uses Facebook to get some feedback for his upcoming game. With his new game he experience some ups like some friends helping him out for free and downs like a Japanese competitor is also launching a game with a similar theme , or the word Ars is misspelled many times by writers and friends. 9) Panel Discussion The story narrative is going to be important as there are more games around. One developer is relieved that he could always answer yes to the question do you have a story in your game? 10) Dr. Beatrice Lapa of Senshi Labs – “From Mainstream to Indie Game Development” Bea wants to create free educational games since she found the games she plays are boring. After some years with established studios, she shifted to indie game development. The difference between the two are: 1) Funding – sometimes one has to do a quick starting game to fund a game that one really like to develop. In her case she did Prologue in 3 months to do Book 1: Song of Pisces 2) Team size: Team vs one person – 1 person does everything. 3) Process. 4) Documentation – the documentation in mainstream is thick, while in indie is more spontaneous, and inspiration can can change the document, so she always carries a notebook. 5) Cost-benefit analysis – the budget has to fit so one experiences pressure in mainstream as the money is not yours. Her final words if you are thinking of going indie: What makes you itch? What do you desire? What sort of situation do you love to work in? 11) Team Animus – “Game Development Stories – Imagine Cup” A team of 4 information system students from the De La Salle University with no game development experience made it the top ten finalist from around the world in the Microsoft Imagine Cup 2014 in Seattle, Washington. Their game is about using computers to make kids more fit. Their game design was for 4 to 7 years old, they gathered information about market preference, thought unique ideas based on the research conducted and executed ideas through applications. Their advice for aspiring Imagine Cup participants is think out of the box, never doubt your capabilities and be inspired and passionate about your project.
5443	dbpedia	1	0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamlords	en	Dreamlords	https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico	https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg/32px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-strategy.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2007-02-23T08:48:14+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamlords	2007 video game DreamlordsDeveloper(s)LockPick EntertainmentPublisher(s)LockPick Entertainment, Paradox interactive (paradox plaza), Gamigo AG (Germany), Akella (Russia)EngineTorque Game Engine AdvancedPlatform(s)WindowsReleaseFebruary 15, 2007Genre(s)Massively multiplayer online real-time strategyMode(s)Single player, multiplayer Dreamlords was a massively multiplayer online real-time strategy (MMORTS) game, developed by Swedish game developers Lockpick Entertainment. Dreamlords was online only, and was free to play with an option to pay for additional benefit. It included in-game currency called Tribute that was used to buy items like spells to aid the players. The game used both a browser game and a downloadable real-time strategy client. Dreamlords also includes elements of role-playing video games. Development and release [edit] The game was developed by Swedish game developers Lockpick Entertainment and the game was released on February 15, 2007.[1][2] Metacritic, a review-aggregator website, gave the game an average score of 46/100 based on four reviews.[3] A German version of the game was published by gamigo in July 2007.[4] Dreamlords was acquired for North American release in July 2008 by Aeria Games and Entertainment and was re-launched in with new features and the new sub-title Dreamlords: The Reawakening.[5] Dreamlords: The Reawakening closed on November 2, 2010. The third iteration of the game, Dreamlords: Resurrection, was launched by Lockpick Entertainment in conjunction with Paradox Interactive on March 11, 2011. The game was supported by Paradox' online platform Paradox Connect that added community features.[6] Dreamlords: Resurrection ran until September 28, 2011 when it was closed down.[7] Gameplay [edit] The game was free-to-play with no monthly costs. After Aeria Games acquired the game, optional items were available for purchase within the game's economy using Aeria Points.[5] In the web-based game, players were given a section of land under their control. Tasks such as founding cities, researching technologies, building structures, and engaging in trade are accomplished through the web interface. Furthermore, players are given tasks to complete, build armies and can play either in cooperative PvE play or PvP combat.[4] With a downloaded client, the Dreamlords client functioned similar to a real-time strategy game. The client was used primarily to fight battles and do quests. References [edit]
5443	dbpedia	0	59	https://archive.org/stream/wizard-magazine-044/Wizard%2520Magazine%2520044_djvu.txt	en	Wizard Magazine 044 : Wizard Magazine : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive	https://archive.org/services/img/wizard-magazine-044	https://archive.org/services/img/wizard-magazine-044	[ "https://archive.org/services/img/etree", "https://archive.org/services/img/librivoxaudio", "https://archive.org/services/img/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery", "https://archive.org/services/img/clevelandart", "https://archive.org/services/img/internetarcade", "https://archive.org/services/img/consolelivingroom", "https://archive.org/images/book-lend.png", "https://archive.org/images/widgetOL.png", "https://archive.org/services/img/tv", "https://archive.org/services/img/911", "https://archive.org/services/img/comics_inbox", "https://archive.org/services/img/comics", "https://archive.org/services/img/additional_collections", "https://athena.archive.org/0.gif?kind=track_js&track_js_case=control&cache_bust=968090321", "https://athena.archive.org/0.gif?kind=track_js&track_js_case=disabled&cache_bust=1429828301" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Gen 13 cover by J. Scott Campbell and Alex Garner. Wizard takes you on a trip to the Kubert School of Art; Gen 13 - inside the new series; Peter David messes...	en	https://archive.org/images/glogo.jpg	Internet Archive	https://archive.org/details/wizard-magazine-044	Search the history of over 866 billion web pages on the Internet. Search the Wayback Machine Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Save Page Now Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Please enter a valid web address
5443	dbpedia	2	17	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Paradox_Interactive_games	en	List of Paradox Interactive games	https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico	https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/28px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2008-04-24T07:02:48+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Paradox_Interactive_games	This is a list of video games developed, published and/or distributed by video game publisher Paradox Interactive.[1][2] Published games [edit] Name Year Developer Platforms Achtung Panzer: Kharkov 1943 2010 Graviteam Windows Age of Wonders: Planetfall 2019 Triumph Studios Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One Age of Wonders 4 2023 Triumph Studios Windows 10, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S Airfix Dogfighter 2000 Unique Development Studios, Paradox Entertainment Windows Ageod's American Civil War 2007 AGEod Windows Ancient Space 2014 CreativeForge Games Windows, macOS Arsenal of Democracy 2010 BL-Logic Windows BattleTech 2018 Harebrained Schemes Windows, macOS, Linux Birth of America 2006 AGEod, SEP BOA Windows Birth of America II: Wars in America 2007 AGEod, SEP BOA Windows Chariots of War 2003 Slitherine Software, Paradox Interactive Windows Cities in Motion 2011 Colossal Order Windows, macOS, Linux Cities in Motion 2 2013 Colossal Order Windows, macOS, Linux Cities: Skylines 2015 Colossal Order, Tantalus Media Windows, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch Cities: Skylines II 2023 Colossal Order Windows, Xbox Series X/S, PlayStation 5 City Life 2008 Edition 2008 Monte Cristo Windows Combat Mission: Shock Force 2007 Battlefront.com Windows Commander: Conquest of the Americas 2010 Nitro Games Windows Crusaders: Thy Kingdom Come 2008 NeocoreGames Windows Dark Horizon 2008 Quazar Studio Windows Darkest Hour 2011 Darkest Hour Team Windows Defenders of Ardania 2012 Most Wanted Entertainment Windows Diplomacy 2005 Allan B. Calhamer Windows Dragonfire: The Well of Souls 2000 ComputerHouse GBG AB, Target Games Interactive AB Windows Dreamlords 2011 LockPick Entertainment Windows Dungeonland 2013 Critical Studio Windows East India Company 2009 Nitro Games Windows East vs. West – A Hearts of Iron Game Cancelled BL-Logic Windows Elven Legacy 2009 1C Company Windows Empire of Sin 2020 Romero Games Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch For the Glory 2009 Crystal Empire Games Windows Fort Zombie 2009 Kerberos Productions Windows Foundry TBA Channel 3 Entertainment Windows Frontline: Fields of Thunder 2007 Nival Interactive Windows Galactic Assault: Prisoner of Power 2007 Wargaming Windows Galactic Civilizations II: Dread Lords 2006 Stardock Windows A Game of Dwarves 2012 Zeal Game Studio Windows Gettysburg: Armored Warfare 2012 Radioactive Software Windows Heart of Empire: Rome Cancelled Deep Red Games Windows Impire 2013 Cyanide Studios Windows Infinity Empire 2006 Typhoon Games Windows King Arthur: The Role-playing Wargame 2009 NeocoreGames Windows King Arthur II: The Role-playing Wargame 2012 NeocoreGames Windows Knights of Honor 2004 Black Sea Studios Windows Knights of Pen & Paper 2012 Behold Studios Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android Knights of Pen & Paper 2 2015 Kyy Games Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android Lead and Gold 2010 Fatshark Windows, PlayStation 3 Legio 2010 Mezmer Games Windows Legion 2002 Strategy First, Inc. Windows Leviathan: Warships 2013 Pieces Interactive Windows, macOS, iOS, Android Life by You Cancelled Paradox Tectonic Windows Lionheart: Kings' Crusade 2010 NeocoreGames Windows Lost Empire 2007 Pollux Gamelabs Windows Lost Empire: Immortals 2008 Pollux Gamelabs Windows Magicka 2011 Arrowhead Game Studios Windows Magicka 2 2015 Pieces Interactive Windows, PlayStation 4, macOS, Linux Magicka: The Stars are Left 2011 Arrowhead Game Studios Windows Magicka: The Other Side of the Coin 2012 Arrowhead Game Studios Windows Magicka: Dungeons and Daemons 2012 Arrowhead Game Studios Windows Magna Mundi Cancelled Universo Virtual Windows Majesty: The Fantasy Kingdom Sim 2000 Cyberlore Studios Windows Majesty: The Northern Expansion 2001 Cyberlore Studios Windows Majesty 2: The Fantasy Kingdom Sim 2009 1C Company Windows Majesty 2: Battles of Ardania 2010 1C Company Windows Majesty 2: Kingmaker 2010 1C Company Windows Majesty 2: Monster Kingdom 2010 1C Company Windows Mount & Blade 2008 TaleWorlds Windows Mount & Blade: Warband 2010 TaleWorlds Windows, macOS, Linux Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword 2011 TaleWorlds Windows Millennia 2024 C Prompt Games Windows Mutant Chronicles Online Cancelled Imaginations FZ LLC Windows Napoleon's Campaigns 2007 AGEod Windows Naval War: Arctic Circle 2012 Turbo Tape Games Windows Penumbra: Black Plague 2008 Frictional Games Windows, macOS, Linux Penumbra: Overture 2007 Frictional Games Windows, macOS, Linux Penumbra: Requiem 2008 Frictional Games Windows, macOS, Linux Perimeter: Emperor's Testament 2005 KD Labs Windows Pillars of Eternity 2015 Obsidian Entertainment Windows, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch Pirates of Black Cove 2011 Nitro Games Windows Pride of Nations 2011 AGEod Windows Prison Architect: Mobile 2017 Introversion Software iOS, Android Restaurant Empire 2 2009 Enlight Software Windows Rise of Prussia 2010 Paradox France Windows Rush for Berlin 2006 StormRegion Windows Salem 2011 Seatribe Windows Ship Simulator Extremes 2010 VSTEP Windows Star Trek: Infinite 2023 Nimble Giant Entertainment Windows, macOS The Showdown Effect 2013 Arrowhead Game Studios Windows, macOS Silent Heroes 2006 Dark Fox Windows Starvoid 2012 Zeal Game Studio Windows Steel Division: Normandy 44 2017 Eugen Systems Windows Supreme Ruler 2020 2008 BattleGoat Studios Windows Supreme Ruler Ultimate 2014 BattleGoat Studios Windows, macOS Supreme Ruler 1936 2014 BattleGoat Studios Windows Supreme Ruler 2020: Global Crisis 2008 BattleGoat Studios Windows Supreme Ruler Cold War 2011 BattleGoat Studios Windows Surviving the Aftermath 2020 Iceflake Studios Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch Surviving Mars 2018 Haemimont Games, Abstraction Games Windows, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One Svea Rike 1997 Target Games Windows, Classic Mac OS Svea Rike II 1998 Target Games Windows, Classic Mac OS Sword of the Stars: A Murder of Crows 2008 Kerberos Productions Windows Sword of the Stars: Argos Naval Yard 2009 Kerberos Productions Windows Sword of the Stars II: The Lords of Winter 2011 Kerberos Productions Windows Take Command: 2nd Manassas 2006 MadMinute Games Windows Tarr Chronicles 2007 Quazar Studio Windows Trainz 2008 N3V Games Windows Tyranny 2016 Obsidian Entertainment Windows, macOS, Linux Two Thrones 2004 Paradox Entertainment Windows UFO: Extraterrestrials 2007 Chaos Concept Windows Valhalla Chronicles 2003 Big City Games Windows Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines 2 2024 The Chinese Room[a] Windows, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X and Series S War of the Roses 2012 Fatshark Windows War of the Vikings 2014 Fatshark Windows Warlock: Master of the Arcane 2012 1C Company Windows Warlock II: The Exiled 2014 1C Company (Ino-Co Plus) Windows, macOS, Linux Woody Two-Legs: Attack of the Zombie Pirates 2010 Nitro Games Windows Surviving the Aftermath 2019 Iceflake Studios Windows World War One 2008 AGEod Windows Developed and published games [edit] Name Year Developer Platforms Age of Wonders: Planetfall 2019 Triumph Studios Windows, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One Age of Wonders 4 2023 Triumph Studios Windows 10, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S Airfix Dogfighter 2000 Unique Development Studios, Paradox Entertainment Windows BattleTech 2018 Harebrained Schemes Windows, macOS, Linux Chariots of War 2003 Slitherine Software, Paradox Interactive Windows Crusader Kings 2004 Paradox Development Studio Windows Crusader Kings: Deus Vult 2007 Paradox Development Studio Windows Crusader Kings II 2012 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS, Linux Crusader Kings III 2020 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS, Linux, PS5 Europa Universalis 2000 Paradox Development Studio Windows Europa Universalis II 2001 Paradox Development Studio Windows Europa Universalis III 2007 Paradox Development Studio Windows Europa Universalis IV 2013 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS, Linux Europa Universalis: Crown of the North 2003 Paradox Interactive Windows Europa Universalis: Rome 2008 Paradox Development Studio Windows Europa Universalis: Vae Victis 2008 Paradox Development Studio Windows Hearts of Iron 2002 Paradox Development Studio Windows Hearts of Iron II 2005 Paradox Development Studio Windows Hearts of Iron III 2009 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS Hearts of Iron IV 2016 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS, Linux Hearts of Iron - The Card Game 2011 Paradox Development Studio Windows Imperator: Rome 2019 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS, Linux March of the Eagles 2013 Paradox Development Studio Windows Sengoku 2011 Paradox Development Studio Windows Stellaris 2016 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One Runemaster Cancelled Paradox Development Studio Windows Svea Rike 1997 Target Games Windows, Classic Mac OS Svea Rike II 1998 Target Games Windows, Classic Mac OS Two Thrones 2004 Paradox Entertainment Windows Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines 2 TBA Hardsuit Labs[a] Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X and Series S Victoria 2003 Paradox Development Studio Windows Victoria: Revolutions 2006 Paradox Development Studio Windows Victoria II 2010 Paradox Development Studio Windows Victoria 3 2022 Paradox Development Studio Windows, macOS, Linux The Lamplighters League 2023 Harebrained Schemes Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X and Series S See also [edit] Video games portal Paradox Development Studio List of grand strategy video games Wargame (video games) Wargaming Notes [edit] References [edit]
5443	dbpedia	0	75	https://profilbaru.com/article/BoneTown	en	BoneTown	https://profilbaru.com/i…s/profilbaru.png	https://profilbaru.com/i…s/profilbaru.png	[ "https://profilbaru.com/images/fb.png", "https://profilbaru.com/images/twitter.png", "https://profilbaru.com/images/wa.png", "https://profilbaru.com/images/telegram.png", "https://profilbaru.com/images/print.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%97-2258_46_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg/450px-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%97-2258_46_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Embajada_de_Canada_en_Bogota.jpg/450px-Embajada_de_Canada_en_Bogota.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg/450px-Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ubiquitin-activating_enzyme_bound_to_Ubiquitin.png/450px-Ubiquitin-activating_enzyme_bound_to_Ubiquitin.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Saint_Paul.jpg/450px-Saint_Paul.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Squatters_camp.jpg/450px-Squatters_camp.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Zarko_Sesum_04.jpg/450px-Zarko_Sesum_04.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Guru_Kishore_Chandra_Pradhan_palying_Mrudanga.jpg/450px-Guru_Kishore_Chandra_Pradhan_palying_Mrudanga.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/DJIA_during_911.svg/450px-DJIA_during_911.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/%22Top_of_the_Form%22_%281953_film%29.jpg/450px-%22Top_of_the_Form%22_%281953_film%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/450px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Fukaji_Island_20081121-gsi.jpg/450px-Fukaji_Island_20081121-gsi.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kantor_Desa_Lingga%2C_Kubu_Raya.jpg/450px-Kantor_Desa_Lingga%2C_Kubu_Raya.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Red_Berry_wrestler.jpeg/450px-Red_Berry_wrestler.jpeg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/We_Bare_Bears-_The_Movie_poster.jpg/450px-We_Bare_Bears-_The_Movie_poster.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Codex_Aureus_Sankt_Emmeram.jpg/450px-Codex_Aureus_Sankt_Emmeram.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_Salton_Trough_region_from_orbit.jpg/450px-The_Salton_Trough_region_from_orbit.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Turner_Broadcasting_System_2015.svg/450px-Turner_Broadcasting_System_2015.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/LarryFlynnNASCARDriver1966.jpg/450px-LarryFlynnNASCARDriver1966.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hannah_Bridge_%287434073450%29.jpg/450px-Hannah_Bridge_%287434073450%29.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "ensiklopedia", "encyclopedia", "", "article", "BoneTown", "/article/BoneTown" ]	null	[ "profilbaru.com" ]	null	BoneTown	en	https://profilbaru.com/images/varico.ico		https://profilbaru.com/article/BoneTown	See also: Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement Bilateral relationsCanadian–Colombian relations Canada Colombia Canada–Colombia relations are foreign relations between Canada and the Republic of Colombia. Full direct diplomatic relations were established in 1953, with the exchange of the first ambassadors. Canada has an embassy in Bogotá. Colombia has an embassy in Ottawa and 4 Consulates-General (in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Calgary). Both countries are full members of the Organiz... Class of enzymes Ubiquitin-activating enzymesCrystal structure of the yeast ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 / ubiquitin complex.[1]IdentifiersEC no.6.2.1.45CAS no.74812-49-0 Alt. namesE1 enzymesDatabasesIntEnzIntEnz viewBRENDABRENDA entryExPASyNiceZyme viewKEGGKEGG entryMetaCycmetabolic pathwayPRIAMprofilePDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsumGene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGOSearchPMCarticlesPubMedarticlesNCBIproteins Ubiquitin-activating enzymes, also known as E1 enzymes, catalyze the first st... L'économie de l'Angola est très dépendante de l'exploitation et de l'exportation de matières premières : pétrole et minérais. Après quatre décennies de guerres (d'indépendance et civile), la croissance économique s'envole entre 2002 et 2016 : le taux de croissance est de 9 % en moyenne entre 2002 et 2008. En 2018, l'Angola redevient 6e puissance économique de l'Afrique respectivement derrière le Nigeria, l'Afrique du Sud, l'Égypte, l'Algérie et le Maroc avec un P... Instrument MrudangaGuru Kishore Pradhan playing the MrudangaPercussion instrumentOther namesKholaHornbostel–Sachs classification211.222.1(Membranophone directly struck by hand)More articles or information Odissi music This article is about the clay drum of Odisha. For a general article about the clay drum of Eastern India, see Khol. For the wooden drum of southern India, see Mridangam. For the wooden drum of Odisha, see Mardala.Mrudanga (Odia: ମୃଦଙ୍ଗ, romanized: Mrudanga, O... The September 11 attacks in 2001 were followed by initial shocks causing global stock markets to drop sharply. The attacks themselves resulted in approximately $40 billion in insurance losses, making it one of the largest insured events ever.[1] Financial markets Stock exchanges closed between September 10, 2001 and September 17, 2001. After the initial panic, the DJIA quickly rose for only a slight drop. On Tuesday, September 11, 2001, the opening of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE... Former flying squadron of the Royal Air Force No. 293 Squadron RAFActive28 Nov 1943 – 5 Apr 1946Country United KingdomBranch Royal Air ForceRoleair-sea rescuePart ofMediterranean Air Command[1]Motto(s)Latin: Ex aere salus(Translation: Safety from the air)[2]InsigniaSquadron Badge heraldryOver waves of the sea, a dexter hand couped at the wrist in bend sinister[2]Squadron CodesZE (Nov 1943 - Apr 1946)[3][4]Military unit No. 293 Squadron was a Roya... Fukaji IslandNative name: 外地島 (Fukaji-jima)Aerial view of Fukaji IslandGeographyLocationPacific OceanCoordinates26°10′04″N 127°17′31″E / 26.16778°N 127.29194°E / 26.16778; 127.29194ArchipelagoKerama IslandsAdministrationJapanPrefectureOkinawa Prefecture Fukaji Island (外地島, Fukaji-jima) is an uninhabited island[1] in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Kerama Islands group in Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The Kerama Airp... American professional wrestler, manager This article is about the wrestler. For other uses, see Red Berry (disambiguation). Red BerryBerry, circa 1972Birth nameRalph L. BerryBornNovember 20, 1906[1]Conway Springs, Kansas, United States[2]DiedJuly 21, 1973(1973-07-21) (aged 66)[3]Pittsburg, Kansas, United StatesProfessional wrestling careerRing name(s)Red BerryBilled height5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)[2]Billed weight195 lb (88 kg)[2]D... Active tectonic pull-apart basin in California, United States and Baja California, Mexico The Salton Trough region from orbit. The Salton Trough is an active tectonic pull-apart basin, or graben.[1] It lies within the Imperial, Riverside, and San Diego counties of southeastern California and extends south of the Mexico–United States border into the state of Baja California.[2] Description The Salton Trough is classified as a distinct section of the Basin and Range Province w... American multimedia company This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Turner Entertainment – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Turner Entertainment CompanyTrade nameTurnerTypeIn-name-only subsidiary of Warner Bros.IndustryEnter... Former NASCAR driver NASCAR driver Larry FlynnLarry Flynn, 1966Born(1930-04-10)April 10, 1930Holly Hill, FloridaDiedSeptember 14, 2007(2007-09-14) (aged 77)Cause of deathDiabetes complicationsNASCAR Cup Series career8 races run over 4 yearsBest finish28th (1955)First race1955 Southern 500 (Darlington)Last race1961 Rebel 300 (Darlington) Wins Top tens Poles 0 1 0 Larry Flynn (April 10, 1930 – September 14, 2007), of Holly Hill, Florida, USA, was a NASCAR Grand National race car driver t...
5443	dbpedia	1	39	https://www.overwolf.com/supported-games/	en	Supported Games	https://www.overwolf.com…/ow_facebook.jpg	https://www.overwolf.com…/ow_facebook.jpg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=560718368489998&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=20631572&cv=3.6&cj=1", "https://www.overwolf.com/supported-games/img/no-results.webp", "https://www.overwolf.com/.content/assets/images/footer-shield.webp", "https://www.overwolf.com/.content/assets/images/iso-logo.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "In game communication", "League of Legends", "Overwatch", "Skype", "Games", "Facebook for games", "IM for games", "in game technology", "Overwolf", "game chat", "in game chat" ]	null	[]	null	Overwolf is an open platform for building gaming apps for top PC games. Use simple HTML and JavaScript to build native desktop apps - installer, desktop icon, auto updates - the works! What would you build?			Overwolf	https://www.overwolf.com/supported-games/	No results for "txt" Make sure the game is spelled correctly. Are we missing out on a great game? Let us know
5443	dbpedia	3	2	https://www.nobleknight.com/Buylist	en	Knight's Most Wanted	https://play.nobleknight…t-nknews-fpo.jpg	https://play.nobleknight…t-nknews-fpo.jpg	[ "https://jelly.mdhv.io/v1/star.gif?pid=FbeOBaunbwtXE9oiPKq1Hj5VU8dd&src=mh&evt=hi", "https://www.nobleknight.com/Content/images/grey32pxNKGshield.png", "https://www.nobleknight.com/Content/images/fp/NKGLogo.png", "https://www.nobleknight.com/Content/images/fp/NKG_Monogram_White.png", "https://www.nobleknight.com/Content/images/xLogo.png", "https://www.nobleknight.com/Content/images/godaddy-en-ssl.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Noble Knight Games" ]	2024-08-28T21:39:15	The world's largest selection of tabletop games!'	en	https://www.nobleknight.…/NKGdark16px.png	Noble Knight Games	https://www.nobleknight.com/Buylist	Got games you're no longer playing? Need some shelf space for new ones? At Noble Knight Games, we're always interested in paying you cash or store credit for your pre-owned games, books, miniatures, cards, and more. That's part of how we came to have the largest selection of games in the world, with vintage out of print titles no one else has! Knight's Most Wanted And now, we present to you a rotating selection of games our kingdom is temporarily paying a premium for, to help us keep our extensive range available to gamers worldwide. This list represents those items we currently seek, and what you can expect to receive in return. I have something not listed below. Are you still interested? Fear not, for we are always buying not only the items below, but anything else you'd like to turn into cash or store credit. How can I take advantage of this offer? To complete a trade with us, click here or send an email to Trades@nobleknight.com with your list of items and their conditions. Feel free to include items not on the buy list. Our trade specialists will then review your lists and provide additional offers if applicable. If your list is estimated over $100 value, we'll even cover the shipping costs to send them our way on our FedEx account! And remember, we also offer free shipping on all orders over $149.00 (USA only) so if you are trading in for new games, you can get free shipping both ways! Store drop-offs are also accepted if you live near our castle. See store hours and location This week's Knights Most Wanted list – Rackham!
5443	dbpedia	1	97	https://growjo.com/company/Reactive_Reality	en	Reactive Reality: Revenue, Competitors, Alternatives			[ "https://growjo.com/static/img/export.png", "https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=s-im.at", "https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=denovo.at", "https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=atempo.at", "https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=bnn.at", "https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=xitrust.com" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Reactive Reality top competitors are Quixel, Lucid PIx and immoviewer and they have annual revenue of $4.4M and 32 employees.	en	https://growjo.com/stati…/img/favicon.png		null	Reactive Reality is a technology leader in augmented reality (AR), located in Graz, Austria and Milpitas, California. It has developed an industry leading AR engine that converts standard 2D photos into accurate 3D models in a matter of minutes. It works for a wide range of objects, the processing is highly automated, and everything runs on your device of choice. The technology is unique in the market due to its scalability and realism. Reactive Reality's core product PICTOFiT enables online shoppers to experience products before buying through Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence. Users can create photo-realistic 3D avatars of themselves to get accurate measurements and see new outfits on themselves. Retailers can easily integrate PICTOFiT into existing web-shops and apps to increase sales conversion and reduce return rates or increase user engagement & loyalty. Users can experience products in the following ways: 3D Avatar Generation & Body Measurements Reactive Reality's technology allows users to generate a 3D avatar of themselves with thousands of measurements on their smartphones. Our novel image-based approach makes 3D avatars photorealistic and avoids the artificial look of other technologies. Users can animate their avatars, or immerse themselves into video games, pose on a fashion runway, visit future travel designations, and track body changes. Fashion Try-On Reactive Reality's technology allows brands and retailers to generate photorealistic 3D models of their products in an efficient manner, capturing fine details such as winkles, fabrics and furry material. They can be placed on product detail pages and be used for virtual try-on applications. General Product Placement/Visualization Reactive Reality's technology works for all types of products including furniture, food, electronics, plants, accessories, etc. which can be used in augmented and virtual reality experiences. keywords:N/A
5443	dbpedia	2	94	https://boardgamegeek.com/geeklist/178832/18-card-microgame-contest-geeklist-2014	en	18 card Microgame Contest Geeklist [2014]	https://cf.geekdo-images…)/pic2260681.png	https://cf.geekdo-images…)/pic2260681.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "board game", "boardgames", "boardgame", "board", "games", "game", "hobby", "boardgamegeek", "geek", "geekdo" ]	null	[]	null	Contest link: http://boardgamegeek.com/thread/1211499/18-card-microgame-contest Voting is now open! Vote here: http://goo.gl/forms/iovepphGv5 Voting will be open for over three weeks, so no need to rush -- best to decide where all your votes/medals will go first Quick reminder of the	en	https://cf.geekdo-static…ouch-icon180.png	BoardGameGeek	https://boardgamegeek.com/geeklist/178832/18-card-microgame-contest-geeklist-2014
5443	dbpedia	3	3	https://www.indieretronews.com/search/label/Game%3Fupdated-max%3D2014-10-30T16:27:00Z%26max-results%3D20%26start%3D380%26by-date%3Dfalse%26m%3D0	en	Indie Retro News	https://www.indieretronews.com/favicon.ico	https://www.indieretronews.com/favicon.ico	[ "https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E0EnOueunuM/W-QLATVEUnI/AAAAAAAAnr8/4NjlNhuz-AgT2-oITBmAI1693lLJSsoYgCK4BGAYYCw/s666/o2YUg2.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXEL92gHiVfUysG7qLr36JNyl-OOsoRULphVb3vtonZbUXS0ep4nrjWHr1zHDSEYqiWTeX-YpKj5_006-xmnkGsN2hvaDO0wCCYt6P-dcpopY2b1JNu6LCkDJKwqbEkQVcBNAapI9MmVZgqZE4XJVrNMSNG5gRiikb3gW1R6X5au4llb7Vy1KJqJsvKl4/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/holy.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEV4oFITYbW30JRnHsNJ_Xsb7Zg2Qei4YFkkqHVG1DpwOmbH3D00UtbIGORFYj0xtGZRXTMvpmY2J34_GvgFhrH5yW9X7YGZp2m_OudjtE2y337V4OUXIZfsbhNlU-yGZb2dhtk4SEYC8HIe1YB4cCr61QUnrmWdbGhDxcuop3CH_mKOdQiszQcrQZA88/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/nixy.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw-_b2WD_h7Q10go-A5CQKru9FrkjwNY4qHR9BzsxxwLR0y1GWHvWl9ydjHg_OhXysB7JlY0SfiueaceqXFFUGcdksRcO3GfIJtxze0WCIIz8vzeb7wn_d4YK_-nV9bdnDotpb7NjlI6pJjJKzynqvho4JJA510pbDKNZSBPdJzr2CEnbHlziDLwfkdlg/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/electro.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9JnXtTiLRLr_MldCdudQ2SbKp06MdJc8AZkHpEoQmThghY2lLKN8fQ8HiGyN35a5JCCpBE7Md6mr0Vo9TjtMBmWjmLK_acMSQMv-DunrEllJuj43lq87B_14XUxHQeTe4IgE2bWivfxfwVtOPDgGbhPCxsZtG5SXAHhkCnt0k2mon7mnm-Jcs40V7Rpw/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/mineshaft.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpnjGaPx1wh3LDBQf4xBAAL_v0Wq9xe9KS3hViWZB5wGl_o4MaUsrioF8TQzJbCxZV8DdT-x2Dc8aYcEe6bn4avkRWBFxW_64ehDqs7fFK9eQIUjbBiSs5N7as2o_0NbAFa6W_sASwz4lf19eU-DiU9Ixo_BWmQFxnZzeoE9E5Yv9JjVWNPeNZLVJosT0/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/auf.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizq9fIMOVhNsPOSO-F-P3c4fMQrbHLqWeZ3acvojKvumZwZaVDhDhGyrEUBdt2FBJZNgjAipdzgoPR1mCcZxg_dsTe1F7V6iUTmI7Dljst_mcl5zJeKTSYOredMqflTo14OLR1X-sFMjugP3w-nvZF2dCtNpUxfzIIbHPb6IiuqqsXv_Pno2brusW1GNFk/s1600/Twitter-image.jpg", "https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c1FC9Jjlrus/VK2EAub3bFI/AAAAAAAARec/b21Qe7FnLOw/s1600/FOLLOWFB.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnfPBMxZSGA9RzU9IjfO-P4mYue3dnT6KR7jfsJ6YIGqoesc4brGpFWoWt3Eq-qjNA2G4Y3BzhQ0wHwQJH9YwnVAOorB6_x2acCRKRoxQGjX2YV7bcNpGEIx6sW-2Ny51oMq0kA70RSCudBGeP1WkrQZyYLKr2K2O7pdFR2-2qKE4UG4EOM5aof2e3M5w/w640-h424/sonic.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkDcJJGB8-g6VYkhluVXkMBwkGFKlrgLR46i0qYZo62WXQccRFqMf9uFGQXFCiquOtV7HD4xmn46Z7DOwemjHlNBO_az2ag6zl8yRHSgI8skiGOWPNloE3Nj3t_AH6ESpAlv-hPLEqi5fSx3vr8St8iinSijZV40Bzxt_vCGO5EyXSCQw31GUulCnxCow/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/megadrive.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9JnXtTiLRLr_MldCdudQ2SbKp06MdJc8AZkHpEoQmThghY2lLKN8fQ8HiGyN35a5JCCpBE7Md6mr0Vo9TjtMBmWjmLK_acMSQMv-DunrEllJuj43lq87B_14XUxHQeTe4IgE2bWivfxfwVtOPDgGbhPCxsZtG5SXAHhkCnt0k2mon7mnm-Jcs40V7Rpw/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/mineshaft.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnfPBMxZSGA9RzU9IjfO-P4mYue3dnT6KR7jfsJ6YIGqoesc4brGpFWoWt3Eq-qjNA2G4Y3BzhQ0wHwQJH9YwnVAOorB6_x2acCRKRoxQGjX2YV7bcNpGEIx6sW-2Ny51oMq0kA70RSCudBGeP1WkrQZyYLKr2K2O7pdFR2-2qKE4UG4EOM5aof2e3M5w/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/sonic.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV_fLDrKwrPNbZ6T87n2jbCsAeg_k2mQrDILj_WQHD2MeLcM2kfTKmhwDb8s6WkudD_hb8vn_uW8x7ZewAgY7XR7roZpEIyJSXLgjjFq4CaE7yzKgLifgh_SZqiJHFZBwXYZzQ7z1RA-n1gZ9Y5Pcl0_IoMcwaacOifv2j18aO1SQcrt752WWpvC3Iz-4/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/SNK.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDH7scny69eSupx9ogCG9l5QWWwt_2Qmv0Ju2ifv__lq8TARmhsgHYfbwFWjIo0f5_StOCxK61iJzKSEwOEC3LK7nL3NmN4Q1oaaq38KZsCUxuJWRnZkbYsyQuJO38RZH-Q2YJLa544Jdsyc9tCX76BsuVJ81tF9-VJxYBHtzxT8nbFN2yHMA97dK6FQU/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/dungeon.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5uvh9EB4zO2EaXCGcHbFLS3YPbDipMQRGbOU2Nyd5vyCwF7ZsUASJVNQxQFVDBV3F7zO_u4gaWHeVKIZFNyF7N85V0gt3tvabQWuqWogIv_RXI1g2PsILFj4On4Pnf38A-i2t_uPHeF9JrUUA2e1C3_7K07Y1Q7HXvJCL_XPwj9bZls-wxK5duHbkT6Q/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/ctuhlu.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4kIUZmfcoFAofUD5jry_7uzjSAmY_OJEF0v8XS6StLWN6vjjD7rbLCE-aVGUWF2ItESdbjCehHShQ2kDJ0uP85iEk_W77m9jh7vNmbHzounXhsvuJCqYp1_LQ-gOToAjK5-fiSNJq6xxrP9sKGyUNEsFffH2NC2jGqDfaIouDU3h6MjniexWek0Q3dgo/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/dang.jpg", "https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vNuZaR4W3Qw/YC-N5oIqJtI/AAAAAAAAu2Q/9__wggK4a_YEKuAIuU_0boEUzEl3RYshQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Clipboard01%2B%25285%2529.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	The best gaming website for Indie and Retro Gaming News. Amstrad CPC, C64 and ZX Spectrum to the latest Free Indie PC Releases we've got it all!		https://www.indieretronews.com/favicon.ico		https://www.indieretronews.com/search/label/Game%3Fupdated-max%3D2014-10-30T16%3A27%3A00Z%26max-results%3D20%26start%3D380%26by-date%3Dfalse%26m%3D0	Sonic GX - Sonic the Hedgehog looks stunning on the Amstrad GX4000 and Amstrad Plus In the early 90's I had the pleasure of playing the fantastic platformer of Sonic the Hedgehog on both the Sega Megadrive and Sega Maste...
5443	dbpedia	1	38	https://issuu.com/americanarchaeologymagazine/docs/16.3-fall-2012-singles-lr	en	American Archaeology \| Fall 2012 \| Vol. 16 No. 3	https://image.isu.pub/21…age_1_social.jpg	https://image.isu.pub/21…age_1_social.jpg	[ "https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/781e53c/31d186ba39f38e8c4fac.png", "https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.3042/icons/gradient/icon-canva-gradient.svg", "https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/781e53c/1e794a8c4ec65e549678.png", "https://photo.isu.pub/americanarchaeologymagazine/photo_large.jpg", "https://assets.isu.pub/document-structure/210809174417-6659fb1a69cd68e93d4ed05150019952/v1/130054c8488c80949e4851d8ec50ad5d.jpeg", "https://assets.isu.pub/document-structure/210809174417-6659fb1a69cd68e93d4ed05150019952/v1/87dabc5cef4f1c7753c49b856cc58b08.jpeg", "https://assets.isu.pub/document-structure/210809174417-6659fb1a69cd68e93d4ed05150019952/v1/f7fdd05aaf85c890549b949fd6389e33.jpeg", "https://image.isu.pub/210727180857-c145853eaa46ae3dd7ddb8e87c19abeb/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://image.isu.pub/210813203239-8f287454e48a8d3177dfdeaa13fb5feb/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://image.isu.pub/210813202823-d9e0a2969094c7541cd1c1fe161ed76f/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://image.isu.pub/210727204654-7a1d11e0b45c8cfa093871bd690fd41c/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://image.isu.pub/210727180541-6aff888d483accfa5b3ffd3d5a1b4f82/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://image.isu.pub/210727175719-c13934e9f08d6872a6eb384391ba7e75/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://image.isu.pub/210727174728-403cfbac7f113d3a494b0db9ccf198de/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://image.isu.pub/210727173941-2afab51b3807d656999e2abe9581d4a5/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg", "https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.2541/icons/gradient/icon-instagram-gradient.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2012-09-15T00:00:00+00:00	American Archaeology is a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy. Articles featured In the Fall 2012 Issue: Protecting Historic Tr...	en	/favicon.ico	Issuu	https://issuu.com/americanarchaeologymagazine/docs/16.3-fall-2012-singles-lr	Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing. Here you'll find an answer to your question.
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"https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhi3BaBMBjeF2XIYDIGgL0yJY9k9JSrWvMZunta6CJvrWppQiK-_w7-JAF3YAipfmDEfrjEJJRhpsOf6ik6eTPeNgZWWH57LOQoY29iVn5Fy4YLPFzfQxHeaRDR6wH0wDrOY2TtCmdnM_pwDN17AuyBwrWsAxu0-tqWsJbcPMHKd_aZNRa-kVoUX2kg=s500" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "View my complete profile" ]	null	Brief and spoilertastic notes on fiction I have read.	en	http://mporcius.blogspot.com/favicon.ico		http://mporcius.blogspot.com/2018/03/	"Pickman's Model" has appeared in many publications, including this British collection with a Richard Powers cover First edition, famously full of typos "Beyond the Reef" would later appear in this 2002 Copper collection...
5443	dbpedia	2	16	https://www.graywalkers.com/game.html	en	Graywalkers Purgatory: Game			[ "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/main-icons/nav-logo.png", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/pic2.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/turn.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/actionunits.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/strat.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/modes.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/story.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/mission.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/character.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/char.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/race.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/path.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/abilities.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/items.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/threat.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/faction.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/home-bg/purg.jpg", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/social-icons/social-fb.png", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/social-icons/social-tw.png", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/social-icons/social-yt.png", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/social-icons/social-link.png", "https://www.graywalkers.com/img/social-icons/social-insta.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "graywalkers", "purgatory", "dld", "dreamlords", "digital", "game", "apps" ]	null	[ "dreamlords digital" ]	null	about graywalkers purgatory	en	img/favicon.png		null	GAME INFO Graywalkers: Purgatory is a stylish strategic turn-based tactics Role-Playing game set in a supernatural post-apocalyptic setting where Heaven and Hell merged with Earth during an event called the Rupture. You play prophesied leader of the Graywalkers, 36 righteous souls destined to protect mankind. Your job is to search, recruit and eventually lead these heroes in reclaiming the world for humanity from itâs supernatural invaders. The game was inspired by a combination of features from XCom, Fallout and Jagged Aliiance. It was funded on Kickstarter in late 2014 and has been in full development since then and is set to do itâs Early Access release on December, 2018. It was built on Unity and on our own proprietary development platform and content/map editor called the Dream Engine. It also utilized a new soon to be released original and unique table-top RPG game called the Wyldekarde System
5443	dbpedia	1	14	https://www.gamepressure.com/games/pc/strategy/-100	en	PC Strategy Video Games \| 100	https://www.gamepressure…avicon-32x32.png	https://www.gamepressure…avicon-32x32.png	[ "https://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035191&cv=2.0&cj=1", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/im/mnu/mnu-top-pic1.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/im_gp/svg/gp-logo-2020.svg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/im_gp/svg/gp-logo-2020.svg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/3442546.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/6883531.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/185139078.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/5495640.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/464809187.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/875452265.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/122870062.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/426626203.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/5299125.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/25564750.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/442631968.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/521403984.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/543820078.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/25501578.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/23687781.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/24264921.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/22131546.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/521577687.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/195108609.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/81808359.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/271949859.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/271809484.jpg", "https://www.gry-online.pl/galeria/gry13/200/521029187.jpg", "https://cdn.gracza.pl/i/h/10/21633765.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Page 100. Strategy video games for PC sorted by popularity among gamers. Strategy games require an analytical mind, ability think ahead, manage resources, and taking the right tactics in fighting the AI or other players.	en	/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png	Gamepressure.com	https://www.gamepressure.com/games/pc/strategy/-100	Throne of Lies: Medieval Politics Strategy 29 September 2017 A title combining the features of a strategy game and an RPG, inspired by social role-playing games. In Throne of Lies: The Online Game of Deceit, players take on the role of representatives of divided factions fighting for influence in a fantastic kingdom. Our task is to manipulate the others and convince them to be right, and thus to eliminate the opponents and lead to the victory of our group. Strategic Command WWII: World at War Strategy 06 December 2018 Slitherine's turn-based strategy, in which players take control of allied forces or Axis, taking part in the most important military operations of World War II. While playing in WWII Strategic Command: World at War, you should not only command troops during battles, but also develop improvements for individual units and supply lines, as well as establish diplomatic relations with coalitioners and espionage. GearCity Strategy 14 January 2022 Economic strategy in which we manage a company operating in the automotive industry. While playing at GearCity we not only design cars, but also have to build factories and showrooms, take care of marketing, and respond to the needs of a dynamically evolving market. Good Company Strategy 21 June 2022 An economic strategy in which we run our own company in the technology industry, from its modest beginnings in the 1980s, through its gradual growth to market dominance. Warhammer: Chaos and Conquest Strategy 18 November 2019 RTS embedded in the Warhammer Fantasy universe. In Warhammer: Chaos & Conquest, we take control of a hordes whose task is to conquer the entire Old World. In order to achieve this, we have to deploy the most powerful army possible, which requires the acquisition of raw materials and the expansion of our own fortress, and sometimes also cooperation with other commanders. Aircraft Carrier Survival Strategy 20 April 2022 A World War II simulator game, in which we command a mighty aircraft carrier. The game requires strategic thinking and making difficult decisions. It was developed and published by the Polish studio CreativeForge Games. Rise of Legions Strategy 30 August 2019 Rise of Legions is a RTS where players collect their cards and then use their decks to summon units during battles. The game focuses on tactical clashes in which we command one of several unique legions. Endless Space 2: Awakening Strategy 12 September 2019 Fourth add-on to the turn-based 4X space strategy - Endless Space 2. The expansion introduces two new factions - Nakalim and Xirmisala. It also turns the Academy, known from its foundation, into an empire that controls the star systems. Spacebase Startopia Strategy 26 March 2021 Spacebase Startopia is an economic strategy in which we manage the space station. We need to develop decks, accumulate raw materials, improve technologies, take care of the needs of the inhabitants and fight aggressors with mechs. Six Ages: Ride Like the Wind Strategy 17 October 2019 A hybrid of turn-based strategy, adventure and RPG, set in the universe of the cult game King of Dragon Pass. In Six Ages: Ride Like the Wind we make choices that affect the future of our clan. During the game we decide about its internal and external policies and discover the secrets of the world presented. Offworld Trading Company: The Europa Wager Strategy 21 November 2019 Offworld Trading Company: The Europa Wager is the second large expansion to the warmly welcomed economic game from the studio Mohawk Games. The add-on introduces the possibility of development of our corporation on one of the moons of Jupiter - Europe and adds a few new buildings and raw materials. Braveland Heroes Strategy 16 September 2019 Braveland Heroes is a simple turn-based strategy with RPG elements. During the adventure, players take on the role of a hero whose task is to recover the stolen royal scepter. Spaceland Strategy 30 September 2019 Spaceland is a turn-based strategy with RPG elements from the studio Tortuga Team, the creators of Braveland. We take on the role of the Guardians patrolling the outer edges of the Space Federation, who are unexpectedly dragged into the very middle of a secret military operation. Prison Architect: Psych Ward - Warden's Edition Strategy 21 November 2019 Prison Architect - Psych Ward: Warden's Edition is the first expansion of the popular strategy that allows players to take on the role of prison director. The add-on introduces into the game mentally ill convicts, as well as staff and rooms that allow control over them. BattleTech: Heavy Metal Strategy 21 November 2019 Third big expansion to the tactical turn-based strategy BattleTech. Add-on called Heavy Metal introduces a new minicampaign, as well as eight previously unavailable weapon systems and the same number of additional mechs. Among the latter there are seven machines known from the original. Age of Wonders: Planetfall - Revelations Strategy 19 November 2019 The first big add-on to the Age of Wonders: Planetfall. In Age of Wonders: Planetfall - Revelations, players can try to stop the victorious march of the resurrected Heritor people or join them to make use of their entropy-based technology. Autonauts Strategy 17 October 2019 A relaxing hybrid of an economy game with strategy and simulation, in which we set off to conquer space. We select one of the procedurally generated planets and establish a colony there, collecting raw materials and expanding our base. We are assisted by mechanical workers, to whom we can give commands via visual programming language to automate every element of the colony's functioning. Stellaris: Federations Strategy 17 March 2020 Stellaris: Federations is an expansion to Paradox's in-house strategy for managing space empire. The add-on focuses on the development of diplomacy and title federations. Legend of Keepers: Career of a Dungeon Master Strategy 29 April 2021 Legend of Keepers: Career of a Dungeon Master is an original strategy game with RPG and roguelike elements. We take on the role of a newly-born ruler of the underworld who protects dungeons from the temptations of the heroes. The title allows you to play alone or in a multiplayer. Ratropolis Strategy 22 December 2020 Ratropolis is a combination of real-time strategy game (RTS) and card game from independent Cassel Games studio. The player's task is to develop the rat kingdom and survive the incoming hordes of enemies, and this will provide us with cards that act as resources. Anno 1800: The Passage Strategy 10 December 2019 The third large add-on to the economic strategy under the title of Anno 1800, developed by the creators of the original - Blue Byte studio. In Anno 1800: The Passage, players take command of an expedition to establish an outpost behind the northern polar circle.
5443	dbpedia	2	57	https://www.facebook.com/Polypixstudios/	en	Facebook	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico	[ "https://facebook.com/security/hsts-pixel.gif?c=3.2" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.	de	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico		https://www.facebook.com/login/
5443	dbpedia	1	1	https://dreamlords.fandom.com/wiki/Game_History	en	Game History	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711	[ "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6a181c72-e8bf-419b-b4db-18fd56a0eb60", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6c42ce6a-b205-41f5-82c6-5011721932e7", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Dream Lords Wiki" ]	null	Developed in Skovde, Sweden, the original Dreamlords incarnation launched in February 2007 and ran until October 2007 when the team decided to revamp the game design which is today known as Dreamlords: The Reawakening. The development team at Lockpick Entertainment borrows much of its talent...	en	/skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico	Dream Lords Wiki	https://dreamlords.fandom.com/wiki/Game_History	The Game[] Developed in Skovde, Sweden, the original Dreamlords incarnation launched in February 2007 and ran until October 2007 when the team decided to revamp the game design which is today known as Dreamlords: The Reawakening. The development team at Lockpick Entertainment borrows much of its talent from the University of Skovde, and operations are overseen by CEO, David Rosén. The game itself is built around the Torque Game Engine developed by Garage Games. The game constantly evolved taking into consideration much of the feedback offered by the gaming community. Aeria Games acquired the license to distribute Dreamlords: The Reawakening in June 2008 and they were excited to blend their first-class gaming community support to such a captivating game. Aeria launched their offering in August 2008.
5443	dbpedia	2	77	https://www.enworld.org/threads/rpg-crowdfunding-news-%25E2%2580%2593-tome-of-adventure-design-kamon-dark-nation-and-more.687199/	en	RPG Crowdfunding News – Tome of Adventure Design, Kamon, Dark Nation, and more	https://www.enworld.org/ewr-porta/attachments/tome-of-adventure-design-png.154834/	https://www.enworld.org/ewr-porta/attachments/tome-of-adventure-design-png.154834/	[ "https://www.enworld.org/dnd_news.png", "https://www.enworld.org/dnd_news.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/tome-of-adventure-design-png.154834/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/adventuredesigntome/tome-of-adventure-design/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/kamon-japanese-fantasy-setting-for-5e-png.154835/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/fabioattoli/kamon-japanese-fantasy-setting-for-5e/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/the-heart-of-chentoufi-adventure-in-luke-gygaxs-okkorim-jpg.154836/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/gaxxworx/the-heart-of-chentoufi-adventure-in-luke-gygaxs-okkorim/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/the-biggest-praxis-kickstarter-jpg.154837/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/218255739/the-biggest-praxis-kickstarter/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/dark-nation-a-tabletop-role-playing-game-jpg.154838/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/amazingtales/dark-nation-a-tabletop-role-playing-game/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/legends-the-superhero-roleplaying-game-png.154839/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/1286442674/legends-the-superhero-roleplaying-game/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/epigoni-a-mythpop-rpg-png.154840/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/nessundove/epigoni-a-mythpop-rpg/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/the-herbal-journal-of-cicely-longbottom-a-dnd-supplement-png.154841/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/sarsengames/the-herbal-journal/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/blessings-healing-and-peace-for-ukraine-jpg.154842/", "https://www.enworld.org/attachments/in-our-dreams-awake-1-edgar-salazar-jpg.154843/", "https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/ioda/in-our-dreams-awake-1-a-cyberpunk-fantasy-adventure/minichart.png", "https://www.enworld.org/data/authors/6808965.jpg?1721878983", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/m/6802/6802378.jpg?1565264963", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/m/6801/6801323.jpg?1675691755", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/m/7033/7033082.jpg?1636462792", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/m/6802/6802378.jpg?1565264963", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/m/99/99786.jpg?1591202892", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/m/7031/7031982.jpg?1676649014", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/m/7033/7033082.jpg?1636462792", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6684/6684404.jpg?1567531354", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/99/99786.jpg?1591202892", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/9/9171.jpg?1565264842", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763", "https://www.enworld.org/data/avatars/s/6808/6808965.jpg?1567088763" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2022-04-06T14:00:21+01:00	This week I share RPG crowdfunding projects that end between April 11th and the 23rd. This article is a sampling of the projects that are out there, though...	en	/dnd_news.png	EN World Tabletop RPG News & Reviews	https://www.enworld.org/threads/rpg-crowdfunding-news-%E2%80%93-tome-of-adventure-design-kamon-dark-nation-and-more.687199/	This week I share RPG crowdfunding projects that end between April 11th and the 23rd. This article is a sampling of the projects that are out there, though it is a 5e heavy week. There are a lot of fun 5e projects, but also some interesting original systems as well as a big Praxis System offering. Tome of Adventure Design from Mythmere Games END DATE: Tue, April 19 2022 11:27 AM EDT. SYSTEM(S): Dungeons & Dragons Fifth Edition PROJECT TYPE: Sourcebook MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: $50 + S/H for the PDF and print version of the book WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? The original Tome of Adventure Design by Matt Finch was published in 2009. Returning to print with new advice and articles, this new edition clocks in at over 500 pages. Boasting over 400 random charts and the Apophenia Engine, this isn’t a gaming system, but a series of micro prompts to help the GM create unexpected ideas. Along the margins of each page are one to five word prompts that the GM can feed into the story to help differentiate the bad guys, the scene, or the whole adventure. Something as simple as “works differently while inside out” can suggest a completely different take on a magical garment. If you’re in the neighborhood for well-reviewed GMing advice, check out the campaign page for a free PDF sample of the book. Kamon: Japanese Fantasy Setting for 5e from Fabio Attoli END DATE: Wed, April 20 2022 10:58 AM EDT. SYSTEM(S): Dungeons & Dragons Fifth Edition PROJECT TYPE: Sourcebook MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: €24 for the PDFs of the books WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? This is an interesting idea: an alternative history of Japan. In 1281, the storms that decimated the Mongol invasion of Japan were the beginning of endless storms, leaving Japan isolated with only connections to the supernatural world. This campaign offers a 5e sourcebook and an adventure in Italian or English to let you experience a magically isolated Japan. The campaign page does not mention any cultural readers, but the free 86-page preview lists several that helped with this project, so it benefits from first hand knowledge. If this project interests you, I suggest checking out the free preview PDF available on the campaign page. The Heart of Chentoufi: Adventure in Luke Gygax's Okkorim from Gaxx Worx END DATE: Sun, April 17 2022 12:00 AM EDT. SYSTEM(S): Dungeons & Dragons Fifth Edition PROJECT TYPE: Adventure module MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: $45 + S/H for the PDF and print of both books plus additional PDFs WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? Luke Gygax, son of Gary Gygax, founder of Gary Con, author of Gaxmoor, and Melf, the character whose spells we all still sling, is offering an adventure for your 5e gaming table. In this adventure, you’ll run through the City of Chentoufi from the World of Okkorim campaign setting. Expanding on Luke’s Gary Con scenarios, this adventure gets you into the empire’s last important city. If you’re a fan of Luke’s work, this is an easy project to back. The Biggest Praxis Kickstarter from Post World Games END DATE: Wed, April 13 2022 1:58 PM EDT. SYSTEM(S): Praxis System PROJECT TYPE: Core rulebooks MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: $49 for all of the PDFs WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? That wily Jim Pinto is back with the biggest Praxis Kickstarter ever. How big is it? Four complete games and a forest of expansions! You get post-apocalyptic fun like The Carcass: Broken Sky, a sci-fi tale of rescue gone wrong in Odin's Eye II: Gate of Light, an experimental prison fails to reform its inmates in Devil's Maze, and an RPG in which you are the undead and you suffer called Harpy Fields. In addition to those game, there’s Dirty Cops, a Praxis tale of bad cops being investigated, Geneva’s Children, the story of modern-day Robin Hoods, Dying Memoryes: Vertigo, you slowly pull out of a long cryogenic sleep as your ship is being torn apart, yet your memories are mixed and you need those memories to save your now, and, lastly, The Witch in which you escort an accused witch to her fate, what does your character’s participation in this charade say about them? If you are looking for a variety of new, original games, this project offers a range and depth well worth considering. Dark Nation: A tabletop role-playing game from Martin Lloyd - Amazing Tales END DATE: Mon, April 11 2022 10:19 AM EDT. SYSTEM(S): Cthulhu Dark PROJECT TYPE: Core rulebook MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: €10 for the PDF of the game WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? This game comes runs on a simple concept: Something terrible happened and you have to investigate. Inspired by Handmaid's Tale, The Man in the High Castle, 1984, and Edge of Darkness, this RPG is not about monsters, but about the darkness within humanity. Offered as a 40ish page RPG, you’ll use the Cthulhu Dark system, but nothing supernatural. Instead, the monsters are mankind and the horrors are taken from real life. LEGENDS: The Superhero Roleplaying Game from MatchPlay Games END DATE: Sat, April 23 2022 2:59 AM EDT. SYSTEM(S): An original d20 system PROJECT TYPE: Core rulebook MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: CA$75 + CA$20 for the PDF and print version of the book WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? Superheroes using an original d20 system. No classes, LEGENDS uses 100 different powers and 650 abilities to differentiate characters. Set in a superhero founded city, you live among a 20% to 25% population of superpowered individuals. In terms of background NPCs being important, there’s a 1-in-4, 1-in-5 chance they have enough power to join in a fight, one way or another. At over 300 pages, you get a new d20 option, superpowers, and a city that isn’t like most of the superhero dwellings. If that interests you, check out the campaign page for more details. EPIGONI: a Mythpop RPG from NessunDove and Dreamlord Games END DATE: Thu, April 21 2022 5:00 AM EDT. SYSTEM(S): An original system PROJECT TYPE: Core rulebook MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: €150 + S/H for the PDF and print versions of both books as well as additional PDFs WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? The gods had children and you are they, unworthy of their power or fate, you forge your own way. In this RPG, you take on the role of a godly offspring, one that the fates are keen to put on a path, but you have not predetermined destiny. As such, you may choose your own way. If that idea of playing as the child of a god appeals to you, check out the campaign page for a preview PDF. The Herbal Journal of Cicely Longbottom: a DnD supplement from Sarsen Games END DATE: Wed, April 20 2022 4:58 AM EDT. SYSTEM(S): Dungeons & Dragons Fifth Edition PROJECT TYPE: Sourcebook MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: £29 + £12 S/H to the US for the PDF and print of the book WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? This book puts over 100 plants, poisons, and monsters into your hands. If you’re running a nature themed campaign and want more plant-based options, this book gives you a fair number to check out. Blessings, Healing, and Peace for Ukraine from EN Publishing END DATE: April 14, 2022 SYSTEM(S): Dungeons & Dragons Fifth Edition PROJECT TYPE: Sourcebook MOST POPULAR PLEDGE: £5 for the PDF DISCLAIMER: EN World is a subsidiary of EN Publishing. To learn more about this project, you can read Morrus’ article here NOTE: This crowdfunding campaign runs through IndieGoGo THE CAUSE: “100% of the proceeds from this campaign will be donated to the Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal.” WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? Because of the good it offers. EN Publishing could produce this project for profit, but they’re giving the proceeds to a charity that needs their support. If you can, check it out, it’s worth the look. In Our Dreams Awake #1: A Cyberpunk/Fantasy Adventure from John McGuire and Egg Embry END DATE: Fri, April 29 2022 11:00 AM EDT. PROJECT TYPE: Comic book DISCLAIMER: I co-wrote this comic WHY SPOTLIGHT THIS CAMPAIGN? I’m sharing my comic book Kickstarter at the end on the justification that you can use the campaign to pick up my Powered by the Apocalypse RPG, POWERED by the DREAMR (PbtD). Other than my involvement, what does In Our Dreams Awake (IODA) have to do with PbtD? Both touch on my fascination with dreams and what goes on when we close our eyes. IODA tells the tale of Jason Byron. Is he a painter in a fantasy world or a cyberpunk drug dealer? More importantly, who does he love? Which world is the truth and which one is the dream? This is a four-color tale for fans of cyberpunk, fantasy, and dreampunk. Plus, you can check out my RPG while you’re there. Egg Embry participates in the OneBookShelf Affiliate Program, Noble Knight Games’ Affiliate Program, and is an Amazon Associate. These programs provide advertising fees by linking to DriveThruRPG, Noble Knight Games, and Amazon.
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It's been heartening to read comments about how this list has opened your eyes to a lot of games you weren't aware about before. On to even more relatively obscure titles! Day One \| Day Two \| Day Four \| Day Five Graywalkers (PC/Mac/Linux) Developed by: Dreamlords Digital Release Date: Summer A turn-based strategy RPG that takes influenced from pioneers like Jagged Alliance and XCOM where you will venture out and recruit up to 36 different characters in to your party with even more available. The point of the game is to unite your party under a single banner and fight the forces of evil. Grim Dawn (PC) Developed by: Crate Entertainment Release Date: Q1 Some of the key members of the development team behind the excellent Titan Quest series have been working on this Action RPG over the past few years shortly after Iron Lore were shut down. Grim Dawn is set in the Victorian era where the human race is at the edge of extinction. Taking on the role of one of the denizens of this new reality, the world can no longer be saved, but players must instead learn to adapt in order to survive. The end result is to take back the world that has been overrun with demons and other nasties. The Steam Early Access title will see a proper release this year. This one’s been in Steam Early Access for a while but will see a proper release soon. Grim Fandango Remastered (PC/Mac/Linux/PS4/Vita) Developed by: Double Fine Productions Release Date: January 27th Grim Fandango was one of the best adventure games from the mind of Tim Schafer. Imagine everyone's surprise when during last E3, Double Fine announced that they would be remastering the game and release it this year? Aside from the usual upgrades in terms of high-definition graphics, the new edition features a fully orchestrated soundtrack and insightful developer commentary (the selling point in my opinion). Guild of Dungeoneering (PC/Mac/Mobile) Developed by: Gambrinous Release Date: TBA Putting a spin on the dungeon crawler genre, your role is not to venture through these maps but rather to make them yourself. You are dealt a number of Guild cards to lay down rooms, traps, monsters, and loot around the AI-controlled hero. As you build your dungeon, new adventurers will show up to test their mettle while you expand the deck of cards at your disposal with more powerful tools. Guild Wars 2: Heart of Thorns (PC/Mac) Developed by: ArenaNet Release Date: TBA Heart of Thorns, the first expansion for the crazy popular Guild Wars 2, will boast the fullest and most detailed maps of the game divided into three distinct zone types: the jungle floor, roots, and canopy. A new PvE Mastery progression system is in place and by exploring through the zones, overcoming challenges and defeating bosses, players can get mastery points to perform new tasks - like hang gliding or riding gusts of wind to traverse the jungle. Specializations will be added, allowing players to expand their chosen classes into a more focused role. Guild Halls make a return, acting as a social hub for your group. Heart Forth, Alicia (PC) Developed by: Alonso Martin Release Date: Q4 A platformer RPG, players control a young sorceress named Alicia who must venture through the Void that she is trapped in after her friend, possessed by an evil spirit that laid waste to their world, banished her to this realm. The game looks remarkable, featuring a beautifully-detailed pixelated world, along with plenty of towns to visit and NPCs to talk to and obtain quests from. Hollow Knight (PC/Mac/Linux/WiiU) Developed by: Team Cherry Release Date: Summer A beautiful action adventure game featuring fluid 2D animation and RPG elements, Hollow Knight puts the focus on challenging skill-based gameplay and exploration. Players will unlock new skills and abilities, and even head into town to talk to different people, buy new items and equipment, and get some help if need be. I was happy to see this game get funded on Kickstarted, and hope to give it a try once it's out. Homeworld Remastered Developed by: Gearbox Software Release Date: February 25th One of the most renowned space sims ever made, Gearbox announced last year that they would be remastering Homeworld and with it bringing a large amount of upgrades to the games. We're talking upgraded textures, models, recreated audio and video, and a centralized multiplayer mode to allow players of either game to interact with one another. Homeworld Classic and Homeworld 2 Classic will also be included for those who like their games to remain in their purest form. HuniePop (PC/Mac/Linux) Developed by: HuniePot Release Date: January 26th Taking a dating sim, throw in a match-three puzzle game, mix in some rather... suspect writing, and you have HuniePop! The protagonist is a pathetic dude looking for a little love in his life, so he must woo one of the eight different women by using the puzzle system to raise points of affection and collect energy by matching talent, romance, flirtation, and sexuality tokens. Things like daily routines also come into play that will affect a girl's schedule and thus your relationship with the girls. This one is definitely for a very specific audience. Hyper Light Drifter (PC/Mac/Linux/PS4/Vita/XBO/WiiU/Ouya) Developed by: Heart Machine Release Date: TBA When this title first popped up on Kickstarter, everyone I knew was blown away by how incredible the 2D graphics looked on this indie game. Not only did the graphics look fluid, but the gameplay itself was awe-inspiring. Needless to say, the game earned a ridiculous amount of financial support from backers. The locales range from dangerous ruins to dark forests, with a multitude of baddies all dripping with murderous intent. This is easily one of my most anticipated titles for the year. Hyperdevotion Noire: Goddess Black Heart (Vita) Developed by: Compile Heart, Sting Release Date: February 24th (NA), February 27th (EU) A strategy RPG spin-off of the Hyperdimension Neptunia series, players will lead an army to fight against hordes of enemies on dynamic maps filled with traps, moving platforms, and other dangerous tiles. Characters themselves will be highly customizable. When not in battle, there is a "Sim Noire" mode that will let you customize Noire's abode with different furniture and accessories that can be unlocked with in-game points. As a fan of the series and big on SRPGs, I am definitely looking forward to this one. Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth 2: Sisters Generation (Vita) Developed by: Compile Heart Release Date: January 27th (NA), February 6th (EU) I have already posted my review for Re;Birth 2, but the bottom line of this remake for Hyperdimension Neptunia Mk2 follows the same template as Re;Birth 1 - namely using Neptunia Victory's battle system and having a streamlined look to everything. The inclusion of the fun dungeon crawling mini-game, Stella's Dungeon, is a welcome addition. Infinite Legacy (PC) Developed by: Alex Connowell Release Date: Q2 A throwback to the RPGs of yesteryear, Infinite Legacy follows the plight of four different characters as they venture through an open world in a nonlinear story where player choice has consequences. These characters all start off with a certain class that can be evolved info different specialization. There are different quests to take on that each may make a difference by upsetting the balance on the rest of the story. Inner City Kids (PC/Mac/Vita) Developed by: Jamo Games Release Date: Spring A street culture-themed strategy RPG, a group of friends find out that all of the adults in the city have been kidnapped and replaced by robots. To help stop their city from being overrun, they team up to take these metal beasts down. The biggest pull here is the ability to create weapons from thousands of different combinations to suit one's play style. InSomnia (PC/Mac/Linux) Developed by: Studio MONO Release Date: Q4 You don't see this too often - a game set in a dieselpunk universe, complete with open-world sandbox gameplay, real-time tactical combat and Noir storytelling. There are many different roles to choose from such as becoming a leader of the masses or a bounty hunter that takes on contract killings. The main character will be customizable from a wide variety of options with a broad range of progression with hundreds of skills and abilities to unlock. Events and missions will be randomly generated with a system that encourages an unorthodox approach. Kingdom Come: Deliverance (PC/Mac/Linux/PS4/XBO) Developed by: Warhorse Studios Release Date: Q4 Set in the 15th century Kingdom of Bohemia in Europe, the brilliant Kingdom Come: Deliverance is set in a medieval period without any of the fantasy. There will be plenty in the way of character development and customization such as stats, conditions (like stamina, health, hunger, and sleep), skills, and different perks to unlock. If you're injured or exhausted, your ability to travel or fight will be impacted. Player reputation plays a big role as word will spread of your deeds (or misdeeds) causing NPCs to adjust your attitude when they're around you. Time will tell whether the developers will be able to balance historical accuracy and enjoyable gameplay. Kingdom Under Fire II (PC/PS4) Developed by: Blueside Release Date: TBA Under development since 2008, I let out a cheer when I saw that Kingdom Under Fire II would be seeing a localization at E3 last year. Sure, we knew since 2013 that it was an aim by the developers at Blueside, but there’s something that can be said when you have something tangible to prove it. Much like the other titles in the series, the game mixes RPG and RTS elements, only this time taking place in a persistent online world. Kitaru (PC/Mac/Linux/Mobile) Developed by: Aoineko Studios Release Date: TBA A fascinating-looking game that has some incredible CGI for a small independent studio, the story alone makes it sound epic in scope and the inclusion of celebrity talents like Yuri Lowenthal (Yosuke from Persona 4) and Tara Platt (Mitsuru Kirijo from Persona 3) means that this game will have the pedigree to support it. It will include a turn-based active-time battle system and a plethora of mini games to hopefully keep the action fresh and intriguing. Kyn (PC/Mac/Linux) Developed by: Tangrin Release Date: Summer A tactical RPG inspired by Syndicate Wars where players control up to six specialized units over 18 different individualized levels where morality plays a role and the enemies grow intelligent, learning your play style and adapting for future encounters. Landmark (PC) Developed by: Sony Online Entertainment Release Date: TBA What was once a tied product is now standalone. While Everquest Next is the next big step in the series, this one looks to be more like an open sandbox MMO for players to get really creative. Containing a gigantic, persistent world that will allow players to create their own content. While initially only allowing the ability to create simple structures, eventually the developers want to see players make their own dungeons, quests, towns, and really their own game. Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky SC (PC/Vita/PSP) Developed by: Nihon Falcom Release Date: TBA It has been a long time coming. Four years after the first chapter in the Sora no Kiseki series landed here in the West as Trails in the Sky, I have been dying to continue the adventures of Joshua and Estelle, especially considering the first left off on such an important cliffhanger. Argh, just typing about it makes me so restless! Let It Die (PS4) Developed by: Grasshopper Manufacture Release Date: TBA News came out from E3 last year that famed game creator Suda51 was working on a new title exclusive for the Playstation 4 that will see a proper release later this year. The first thing I wondered was, whatever happened to Lily Bergamo? I had fallen in love with that amazing-looking, cel-shaded art palette. It turns out that Suda had scrapped that project, taking the resources and injecting them into his new "extreme action" free-to-play title. While not much is known at this time, the designer did explain that the theme of death would be prevalent throughout the experience, and it's clear that the presence of player levels above the heads of characters from the trailer means we'll be seeing RPG-style progression at the very least. Liege (PC/Mac/Linux/PS4/Vita/Mobile) Developed by: Coda Games Release Date: TBA A party-based tactical RPG that looks to take the elements of what made JRPGs great and put a modern twist on them with a more mature story and a focus on hand-drawn visuals. Planned as a trilogy, the core of the plot revolves around a political power struggle after a Kingdom finds itself in a civil war after its royalty mysteriously dies. Battles happen seamlessly - there is no break between roaming the map and getting into battle, which features a grid-based combat system. Life is Strange (PC/PS4/PS3/XBO/X360) Developed by: DONTNOD Release Date: January 30th Our site took a look at Life is Strange last year at Gamescom and came away wonderfully surprised for the direction that DONTNOD is taking with this episodic adventure game. By using a time manipulation mechanic that the developers used in their previous title, Remember Me, they are able to inject a fascinating concept into a genre that could use more original mechanics. Lithic (PC) Developed by: Flintlock Studios Release Date: TBA After Peter Molyneux's failed attempt at the same concept with "B.C.", it will be fun to see what a team of independent developers are able to do by creating a strategy RPG that takes place in the Stone Age. The whole idea of Lithic is to take a primitive group of homosapians and help them evolve from mindless apes into intelligent beings capable of speech and making their own tools in an expansive single player story where you'll actually be able to see these beings grow over time right in front of you. Lost Ark (PC) Developed by: Smilegate Release Date: TBA When I first saw a trailer for Lost Ark, my jaw dropped to the ground. Here we have an Action RPG made my a team in South Korea who is able to make a game look a heck of a lot more impressive than what Blizzard can accomplish with Diablo III, all the while producing something that feels over the top in terms of making the player feel like a tool of absolute destruction. There are mounts to obtain, spectacular spells and abilities to learn, all set in highly detailed environments. Time will tell whether this game sees a localization, but you can bet I will be trying my damndest to play it regardless. Lost Sea (PC/PS4/XBO) Developed by: Eastasiasoft Release Date: TBA A 3D strategy action game that takes place in a procedurally generated archipelago after your plane crash lands on the group of islands, and it's the player objective to pull the crew of survivors together to find resources, upgrade your ship, and find a way to escape their predicament. Magicka 2 (PC/PS4) Developed by: Pieces Interactive Release Date: TBA Take one of the most impressive isometric Action RPGs in a while with a robust magic system and make a sequel. Boom - money. The newest entry in the series will add thousands mores spell combinations using five different elements with full co-op support for all levels and game modes. Sure to be just as fun as the original. Massive Chalice (PC/Mac/Linux/XBO) Developed by: Double Fine Productions Release Date: TBA A love letter to the tactical RPGs of old from the creative mind of Brad Muir, Massive Chalice's main draw is its bloodline system where you can marry other heroes and produce offspring who, using a randomized genetic code, take after the best and worst traits of their parents. It is because of this feature that players will have to think several moves ahead in order to plan out a war that lasts for 300 years, which also means having to do their best with a party that faces permadeath. Midora (PC) Developed by: Epic Minds Release Date: TBA A “love letter to the classic 2D action-adventure games”, the game reminds me a lot of The Legend of Zelda: Minish Cap (my favorite Zelda game) with its pixel art and detailed character sprites - it looks brilliant. The developers are promising an Early Access version on Steam soon for those looking to give this one a try as quickly as possible. Miko Gakkou Monogatari: Kaede Episode (PC/Vita/Mobile) Developed by: Xinoro Release Date: Winter An adventure RPG doujin title, you play as the young girl Kaede who finds love in the winter time (don't we all?) while staying at her school campus on holiday. Through a series of dialogue trees, you can advance the storyline in a multitutde of directions The developers are promising 30-40 hours worth of content. miniFlake (PC/Mac/Linux/Vita) Developed by: Wolfgame Release Date: TBA Also known as SilverQuest: Gaiden, miniFlake is a unique 1-bit dungeon crawler with a style that resembles the original Rogue. Attempting to evoke the look of player handbooks and rulebooks, it's certainly an eye-catching design. The developers are attempting to create the largest object library of any game in its genre, allowing players to add custom content to the game as easily as possible. Monster Hunter 4 Ultimate (3DS) Developed by: Capcom Release Date: February 13th (NA and EU) In what is being billed as the penultimate Monster Hunter game in the series, this one will have it all - tons of monsters, environments, quests, and a great variety of equipment to obtain. It will also be the first time the series has fully integrated online multiplayer, a feature I’m sure a lot of people will appreciate. Moon Hunters (PC/Mac/PS4/Vita) Developed by: Kitfox Games Release Date: Q4 Successfully funded last year on Kickstarter and a part of the Square Enix Collective initiative will see a proper release this year. A pretty cool-looking, procedurally-generated game is all about building your player’s reputation and even building your own village to establish a presence. Moonman (PC/Mac/Linux) Developed by: Ben Porter Release Date: Q4 Moonman is a 2D procedurally-generated adventure game set on a nocturnal planet orbited by many moons. Our hero Moonman explores different regions and biomes looking for fragments of moons in order to build a sun. The gameplay mixes of platforming, resource collecting, crafting, trading, combat and puzzle solving, with a new unique generated planet ready to explore with populated towns, dungeons, forests, caves, tombs, and castles. Moonrise (Mobile) Developed by: Undead Labs Release Date: TBA A monster-collecting MMO for mobile platforms that takes some of the best elements from the genre and places its own unique spin on it. Much like Pokemon, you engage in battle with other trainers, or "wardens" as they're called here, or fight against other monsters, called "Solari" which you can recruit (not capture) to join your side. Also, not only will the monsters fight, but you can join the battle as well with a selection of spells and protect your party. You'll be able to do things like swap skills around between your Solari as you see fit to change movesets. With a persistent online connection, while venturing out to different areas and dungeons, players may come across one another and decide to chat or challenge one another to a duel. It's a fun little twist on a genre that could use some wider appeal. Mount & Blade 2: Bannerlord (PC) Developed by: TaleWorlds Entertainment Release Date: TBA I soaked a ton of hours into the original Mount & Blade, building my army from a scant few soldiers into a giant mass of bodies storming towns and castles in an overwhelming fashion. The sequel to the military-building simulation RPG will put a heavier emphasis on the campaign, with bigger and bloodier battles, a focus on the drama around these skirmishes, and a lot more exploration. NEBULA (PC) Developed by: gruberdearujo Release Date: Q4 A sidescroller action game that has all the features you'd want from the progression side of things: with exploration, puzzles, and item and weapon upgrades to keep people engaged, all set inside a non-linear story. Nova-111 (PC/Mac/Linux/PS4/Vita) Developed by: Funktronic Labs Release Date: Early A turn-based real-time puzzle game, the first I have ever heard being made, Nova-111 tells the story of a group of 111 scientists that are trapped in space so a crew of astronauts are sent out to try and rescue them. With a wide variety of enemy types and environments to come across, the gameplay is always frenetic in a good sense. The ship you'll be able to use is upgradable that chanes the way it functions. With a depth to the strategy and methodical combat, this one looks to be plenty of fun. Nuclear Throne (PC/Mac/Linux/PS4/PS3/Vita) Developed by: Vlambeer Release Date: 2015 A brutal roguelike about mutants fighting their way through a post-apocalyptic world, all with a ton of weaponry at ones disposal and RPG progression. One of the great things about Nuclear Throne is how the developers have ran a clinic in how to treat a game in Early Access - constant updates, streaming content, plenty of player feedback, and a willingness to be as transparent as possible. Check back tomorrow for Day Four of our coverage!
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]	null	[]	2013-10-29T15:14:22+01:00	Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/dreamlordsdigital/graywalkers-purgatory Kickstarter 2...	en		rpgcodex > help Victor make 1000 posts and he turns into a robot	https://rpgcodex.net/forums/threads/graywalkers-purgatory-turn-based-strategy-rpg-now-available-on-early-access.94899/	Actually I just wrote an update regarding that: So why are we tacking on another one of those buzzwords in our pitch? Actually this idea came separately from the Graywalkers game. Before, I was thinking of making an action RPG where depletion of food sources actually matter. To pull that off, you'd need a working model of supply lines, just like what you'd see in a real-time strategy (RTS) game. And from there, you'd need everything else an RTS uses: harvester units, resource-providing structures, resource storage structures, etc. Imagine such things in an RPG. Well, sure, you do see farms and farmers in your typical role-playing game. But they're just for show, right? They don't really do "work" work. So I thought, why not make them really work, like an RTS would? But still play the game as an RPG? In effect, you'd be playing the game as an RPG character, where other AI (that is, some NPCs) are effectively the "RTS players" in that world. Those "RTS players" would probably be a king, or a town governor, perhaps. So, in essence, you'd get to play an RPG where: 1. When sieging a fortress, you could just let the defenders starve instead of making a costly attack. 2. You can destroy a faction's supply lines to disrupt their economy, thus weakening their city for an invasion. 3. When factions wage war with each other, you'd see territorial lines shift back and forth as they struggle. I pitched this idea to Russell and he was pretty excited about it. So far, we have a working plan on how to merge it properly to the current design for Graywalkers. We've also been drawing inspiration on how other games do it, notably Mount and Blade. I also did a bit of research on making a believable economy in fantasy settings, and two books I found helpful were Farm, Forge and Steam - A Nuts and Bolts Guide to Civilisations, and Grain Into Gold - A Fantasy World Economy, at least for a start. So, it's not like this is innovative; certainly it's been done before by other developers (and with quite an amount of success I might say). But we do think it's rarely done, and kind of a missed opportunity that most game developers aren't catching on. The "Emergent" Part The "emergent" part is the fact that many of the quests won't be pre-generated by us game developers (in a manner of speaking). Quests would come out when a faction leader can't pull off something that they want done, so they ask for outside help (i.e. you). That something-they-want-done can be anything that's relevant to what the faction's long-term goal is. Perhaps a faction wants to annex the lands of another faction? So the missions they post are all about capturing the territories of that other faction. Or perhaps a small settlement wants to capture an abandoned stronghold? But to get there, they need to travel through a pass infested by werewolves. Having no expertise in dealing with these creatures, they post a mission (i.e. quest) to clear that pass of said monsters. So if you complete that quest, they may eventually capture that stronghold as their territory. If you fail the quest, perhaps they will find another way to capture it, or perhaps they won't be able to after all. In effect, every mission you fulfill (or disregard) will have consequences and repercussions, sometimes far beyond what is immediately apparent. Contrast that with the typical RPG, where quests are really only about getting more loot, experience points, or advancing the linear story. Here, missions will (in addition to those aforementioned rewards) affect the political landscape, the economy, even the wildlife population, for better or for worse. The Challenge of Being Procedurally Generated Now, these kinds of procedural-heavy games are not without their faults. Among the common criticisms I hear are steep learning curves, little direction due to lack of story, NPCs who say the same thing over and over, repetitive quests, repetitive looking towns, and so on. Steep Learning Curve This is actually a consequence of having a procedural system under the hood. There's a detailed working model of economics running behind the scenes, but only because it's needed to pull off the experience we want. Still, we wouldn't want to require the player to have a good grasp on economics before they can appreciate the game. We'd like to strike a balance where players who just want to concentrate on the turn-based tactics and the RPG aspect can have a good experience, but still allow them to exploit the economics and politics of the game's world to their advantage, if they want to. Lack Of Story Russell comes into this situation prepared. The whole story and lore of Graywalkers is his brainchild, and he's got a pretty detailed world he's worked on for a long time, from the history to the quirky characters you'll meet along the way. However, there's a certain conflict with bringing in a linear story to a sandbox type of game, and we've seen games out there that have their own ideas to address this. I know Russell has a particular tale he wants to tell in Graywalkers, and it's my job to make sure that fits within the "emergent", dynamic world I'm setting up. First of all, we're going to separate the "pure" sandbox experience into a separate mode we call Freeform Mode. In Freeform, you are not pressured into completing story objectives, if we even decide to put those in at all. This is a "do all the crazy things you want" type of game mode. Heck, you can be a bad guy if you want. In contrast to that, we have our standard Campaign Mode. This is where the story is sure to happen. There's still going to be the sandbox-type of gameplay, but some parts will be "locked" to ensure certain things will happen. For example, the game may occasionally inject some preset events into the world--events that jive with the story that Russell has prepared. We've also made it that the main quest is pretty loose about how it's supposed to be done. Your end-goal in the story is to unite the warring factions to fight against the demon horde. But we'll let you decide which factions to ally with, and which ones to fight against. Repetitiveness It's certainly going to be dull if all the buildings look the same, if the NPCs look the same, if they all talk the same way. There's really no silver bullet to solve this, just a lot of dedicated hard work. From the world that Russell's written, we'd like to give a distinct personality to everything: what the cities look like for each faction, what their inhabitants look like, how they talk, the kinds of missions they give, and so on. It'll be a lot of work, so the least I can do to alleviate the stress from the artists and game designers is to build editor tools to let them prototype all that content rapidly into the game. The Unity game engine's given us a lot of power in this regard, and it's one of the things I appreciate about the game engine we chose. Exploit, metagame?? Those are usually the words that I've avoided in my games. And IMHO it's pretty goddamn important to make sure that the RTS stuff won't be tedious to the people who just want to play RPG without any weird RTS sessions between it. If the RTS thing is only played by the AIs, that's cool. Just don't force the player to play Dune 2 minigame for hours just to complete a quest or something. Sorry, did I tell you that I hate all things hybrid and mishmash clusterfuck abominations? Well, M&B and Expedition Conquistador are OK I guess. Those games manage to focus on their core features rather than the weak part, the epic hack and slash combat for M&B, and TB combat for EC. That's why I play M&B in the first place, not because to complete some generic quests or to meet those generic characters in generic castles. Whatever you do I hope you the best man, and yeah I'm not too sober right now. The game's like Jagged Alliance/Fallout where you control squads of mercenaries travelling a world map, you visit specific areas and it goes to a more zoomed in view (i.e. the screenshots in the first post), and it goes to turn-based when in combat. You don't really get to control worker units or other RTS stuff. Sorry about the confusion. Your party members have character progression, they level up, and you manage their inventory. They're not nameless, expendable people like RTS units would be. The RTS stuff is the fact that the NPCs (and the factions) fulfill a role in the economy/politics simulation of the world. The kind of non-combat activity you'd probably take part in, if you want, is a dopewars/taipan kind of thing (i.e. buy low, sell high). tl;dr think of playing FF tactics in the world map of Civilization Sounds quite interesting... Though my 'Kickstarter funding money' is gone right now (I am backing like four projects atm and until one is actually completed I am not donating another cent) I will be keeping an eye on this and its certainly something I would purchase if/when its completed. I think many (me anyhow-) have 'Kickstarter Burnout' right now since there really hasnt been much to talk about in the way of released games and alot of games in 'limbo' or barely being updated after meeting the goals (or not...). That said, this is the type of game I would like to play. Loved JA2 and think the more automated RTS idea sounds interesting. -Good luck and please keep us posted.
5443	dbpedia	0	39	http://taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/new_content/62c0f564032b7e0cf825d05d36b7f65e	en	List of game engines			[ "http://taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/skins-1.5/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png", "http://taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/images/wikimedia-button.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "List of game engines", "2K Games", "3D Construction Kit", "AbyssalEngine", "Adventure Game Studio", "Adventure game", "Agar (engine)", "Aion: The Tower of Eternity", "Alamo (game engine)", "Aleph One (computer game)", "Allegro library" ]	null	[]	null		en	http://en.wikipedia.org/apple-touch-icon.png		null	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Several tools called game engines are available for game designers to easily code a game quickly without building from the ground up. For a list of engines that displays their specific features and functionality as well as specific liscensing information please look here. Contents 1 Open-source engines 2 Freeware engines 3 Commercial engines 3.1 Games and the game engines they use 4 References 5 See also [edit] Open-source engines These game engines are open-source or free software: Agar (engine) â A high-level graphical application framework used by 2D and 3D computer games Aleph One (computer game) - Open-source first-person shooter engine based on the source code of Bungie Studios' Marathon 2: Durandal. Allegro library â A free cross-platform C/C++ game programming library, provides functions for graphics, sounds, input, timers, fixed and floating point, 3d, compressed datafile and a GUI. Game Blender â flexible node based game logic engine Blender 3D. Box2D - A cross-platform physics and graphic engine. ClanLib â A free cross-platform (including Mac OS X), object-oriented C++ game programming library. Crystal Space â A general framework for developing 3D applications Cube â Powers the computer game of the same name DarkPlaces â Heavily modified version of Quake engine which supports modern graphics Delta3d â Integrates other well-known free software projects into an easy-to-use API, originally developed by the U.S. Navy Doom engine â The now free software engine originally used for Doom and Doom II Various Doom source ports such as ZDoom. DXFramework â A simple, pedagogical 2D/3D DirectX-based game engine for Visual Studio Exult â A free software reimplementation of the Ultima VII game engine Genesis3D â A real-time 3D engine for Windows Genesis Device Is a powerful LGPL engine id Tech 2 â Formerly known as the Quake II engine, the original open-source engine from id Software id Tech 3 â Formerly known as the Quake III engine, the original open-source engine from id Software ika - a 2D game engine using Python as scripting language, allowing use of existing Python libraries. ioquake3 â An updated fork of the GPL'ed id Tech 3 engine Irrlicht Engine â A cross-platform and lightweight three dimensional graphics engine. jMonkeyEngine â An open-source, BSD licensed Java scenegraph engine. Jogre â A Java based client/server game engine and API for online real time games such as chess, checkers, etc. Nebula Device â A realtime 3D game engine developed by German game studio Radon Labs. OGRE Engine â An object-oriented graphics rendering engine. Also called OGRE3D OpenSceneGraph - A high performance 3D graphics toolkit ORX - A portable, lightweight and data-driven 2D-oriented game engine. Panda3D â A python-driven game engine made by Carnegie Mellon University(C++ can be used as well). Disney uses it to produce some of their games. PLIB â A game engine â includes 3D, Audio, Music, GUI, Window manager and is portable Linux/Windows/Mac OS X. PushButton Engine - A modular open source Flash game engine. Quake engine â The original open-source engine from id Software RealmForge â An open-source game engine for the Microsoft .NET Framework, predecessor to Visual3D.NET. Retribution Engine â A game engine to make first person shooter games Sauerbraten â An upgraded engine forked from the Cube engine Slick - Simple set of tools wrapped around the LWJGL OpenGL binding for Java. Spring - a full 3D free/open source RTS game engine. Stratagus â A cross-platform real time strategy game engine. Verge - An open-source 2D game engine with scripting through Lua or a C-like language, released under BSD. Xilon Engine II - An open source game engine developed under Visual Basic .NET. [edit] Freeware engines These engines are available for free use, but without the source code being available under an open source license. Many of these engines are commercial products which have a free edition available for them: Adventure Game Studio â Mainly used to develop third-person pre-rendered adventure games, this engine is one of the most popular for developing amateur adventure games. Build engine â A first-person shooter engine used to power Duke Nukem 3D. dim3 â Freeware 3D javascript engine for the Mac (although finished games are cross platform). DX Studio â Real-time professional 3D engine and editing suite produced by Worldweaver Ltd. Game Maker Lite â Object-oriented game development software with a scripting language as well as a drag-and-drop interface. Jogre - (Java Online Gaming Real-time Engine) - Open sourced Java based multiplayer gaming engine. M.U.G.E.N â A 2D fighting game engine. Panda3D â (Releases prior to May 28, 2008) A relatively easy to use python-driven game engine made by Carnegie Mellon University. Disney uses it to produce some of their games. World Builder â A pre-Mac OS X game engine. Wintermute Engine â A runtime and development tools for creating 2D and 2.5D point'n'click adventure games. RGSS - A engine made by enterbrain to create rpg's using RPG Maker XP. RGSS2 was used for RPG Maker VX. [edit] Commercial engines Gamestudio - A 2D and 3D game engine for beginners. Uses the Gamestudio development system and the lite-C programming language. AbyssalEngine - A rendering engine and toolset. Alamo - the engine used in Star Wars: Empire at War by Petroglyph Games. Aurora Engine â For Role-playing games. BigWorld - Server, client and development tools for the development of MMOG for games that run on Windows, Xbox 360, and PS3. Blade3D - A toolset for XNA based games that run on Windows and Xbox 360. BRender â A real-time 3D graphics engine for computer games, simulators and graphic tools. C4 Engine â A computer game engine created by Eric Lengyel. Coldstone game engine â An old game creation suite for Macintosh/Windows to create role-playing or adventure-style games. CryEngine, CryEngine 2, CryEngine 3 â The game engine used for the first-person shooter computer game Far Cry. CryEngine 2 is a new generation engine developed by Crytek to create the FPS game Crysis. Crystal Tools â Square Enix's proprietary seventh generation game engine. Dagor Engine 3 â A high-tech cross-platform game engine (3D, physics, game logic) with rich toolset for content development id Tech 4 â (Also known as Doom 3 engine) Used by the games Doom 3, Quake 4, Prey and Quake Wars. Will become Open Source at a later date[1]. id Tech 5 - Currently in development by id Software as engine for their games, Doom 4 and Rage, and as a general purpose engine to be licensed. DX Studio â Engine and editing suite that allows creation of real-time games and simulations. Dunia Engine â Engine made especially for Far Cry 2. Earth-4 Engine â The graphics engine used in Earth 2160 Electron engine â Developed by Obsidian Entertainment for their game Neverwinter Nights 2, based on the Aurora engine. Elflight Engine â Cross-platform 3D streaming game engine designed from the ground up for use over the Web. Games can play in a web browser window, in a separate window or full-screen. Java and OpenGL based. Enigma Engine â A real-time tactics game engine, used in Blitzkrieg. Esperient Creator â A very powerful 3D modeler and engine, used world wide for training, simulation, architecture, and games. Built-in Scripting, C/C++, CScript, or Lisp, Shader Editor, import 50+ 3D formats. Euphoria â This is a biomechanical Ragdoll engine by NaturalMotion. FPS Creator - A game engine by The Game Creators. It lets the user create their own First Person Shooter without any knowledge of scripts. Freescape (1986) â Incentive Software; One of the first proprietary 3D game engines, used in Driller and 3D Construction Kit. Frostbite Engine â Game engine used for the next-gen title Battlefield: Bad Company. Gamebryo â A cross-platform game runtime engine and associated tools coded in C++. Glacier, Glacier2 â Developed by IO Interactive and used for the Hitman series of games. Glacier2 is a new generation engine currently in development for upcoming games.[2] GrimE - Used in LucasArts graphical adventure games starting with Grim Fandango. HeroEngine - 3D game engine by Simutronics for building MMOs in a live collaborative environment. IMUSE â Specifically designed to synchronize music with visual action. INSANE â Used in LucasArts games. Infinity Engine â Allows the creation of isometric computer role-playing games. Jade engine â Developed by Ubisoft, originally for Beyond Good & Evil. Jedi â A game engine developed by LucasArts for Star Wars: Dark Forces and Outlaws. Kaneva Game Platform â A MMOG engine for independent and professional game development. Kinetica - A game engine developed by Sony for PlayStation 2. Leadwerks Engine - Leadwerks Engine is a 3D engine for rendering, sound, and physics in real-time games and simulations. Lithtech Jupiter Ex â Developed by Monolith Productions to create the game F.E.A.R. Medusa â A C++ 3D game engine developed by Palestar and used in the DarkSpace MMO. It features distributed world simulation, single tool version control and asset realisation, cross-platform compatibility and an integrated client/server network system. Monumental Technology Suite â A MMOG platform, including server and client technology and development / live management tools. Multimedia Fusion 2 â A 2D game development system. Multiverse Network â An MMOG platform, including server, client, and tools. (Free for development and use â revenue sharing upon commercial deployment). Odyssey Engine â Used to create three dimensional computer role-playing games, used in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic Onyx Engine â Developed by Ubisoft PhyreEngine - A cross platform (PC & PS3) graphics engine from Sony Computer Entertainment. Quest3D A game engine and full real-time 3D development platform. Used in for instance AudioSurf. RAGE â A game engine created by Rockstar Games to power their upcoming video games on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Implemented in Grand Theft Auto 4. RelentENGINE â A next-generation FPS engine supporting massive destroyable city environments and realistic vehicle control, makes extensive use of shader model 3. RenderWare â A 3D API and graphics rendering engine. Revolution3D â A 3D graphics engine developed by X-Dream Project. RPG Maker XP â A 2D engine to make top-down and isometric-style role-playing games for Windows. SAGE engine â Used to create real-time strategy games. SCUMM engine â Used in LucasArts graphical adventure games. Serious Engine â The engine by Croteam used in the epic Serious Sam: The First Encounter and The Second Encounter. Shark 3D â A middleware from Spinor for computer, video games and realtime 3D applications. ShiVa - A game engine with an authoring tool to produce 3d real time applications for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and iPhone. Silent Storm engine â A turn-based tactics/tactical RPG game engine, used in Silent Storm. Sith â A game engine developed by LucasArts for Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II. Source engine â A game engine developed by Valve Software for Half-Life 2.The SDK comes with Half Life 2 Torque Game Engine â A modified version of a 3D computer game engine originally developed by Dynamix for the 2001 FPS Tribes 2. Torque Game Engine Advanced â A next-generation 3D game engine support modern GPU hardware and shaders. TOSHI â A fourth generation cross platform game engine designed by Blue Tongue Entertainment. Truevision3D â A 3D game engine using the DirectX API. Unigine â Cross-platform middleware engine. Unity â An open-ended 3D game/interactive software engine for web, Windows, Mac OS X, the iPhone, and Nintendo Wii . Unreal Engine â A game engines for PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Vengeance engine â A video game engine based on the Unreal Engine 2/2.5 Vicious Engine â Available for Microsoft Windows, Sony PlayStation 2, Microsoft Xbox, and Sony PlayStation Portable Virtools â A 3D engine combined with high-level development framework, used for game prototyping and rapid developments. Available for Windows, Macintosh, Xbox, PSP. Visual3D.NET Game Engine - All-in-One 3D game engine and toolset, fully written in C#/.NET for Windows and Xbox360. WGAF â The game engine developed by Guild Software which powers their MMORPG Vendetta Online. XnGine â Developed by Bethesda Softworks, one of the first true 3D engines. [edit] Games and the game engines they use game engine table Game engine Games Company Alamo Empire at War Forces of Corruption Universe at War: Earth Assault Petroglyph Nebula Device 3 Drakensang: The Dark Eye Project Nomads Far West Railroad Pioneer Tigris & Euphrates Torres Radon Labs CDV JoWooD Dartmoor Softworks GoldSrc Half-Life Gunman Chronicles Valve Rewolf Software SAGE engine Red Alert 3 Generals Tiberium Wars The Battle for Middle-earth II EA Los Angeles Source engine Half Life 2, Team Fortress 2, Portal, Left 4 Dead Vampire: The Masquerade â Bloodlines Sin Episodes Dark Messiah of Might and Magic Valve Troika Games Ritual Entertainment Arkane Studios CryEngine Far Cry, Aion: The Tower of Eternity Crytek CryEngine 2 Crysis Crytek Dunia Engine Far Cry 2 Ubisoft Montreal Essence Engine Company of Heroes Opposing Fronts Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War 2 Relic Entertainment id Tech 4 Doom 3 Quake 4 Prey Enemy Territory: Quake Wars id software Raven Software Human Head Studios Splash Damage Neon Engine Operation Flashpoint 2: Dragon Rising Race Driver Grid Codemasters PhyreEngine Full list on main entry Many Many Riot Engine Drakan: Order of the Flame Drakan: The Ancients' Gates The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Suffering The Suffering: Ties That Bind Surreal Software RAGE Midnight Club: Los Angeles Grand Theft Auto IV Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis Rockstar Games Scimitar Assassin's Creed Prince of Persia Ubisoft Unreal Engine 2 Exteel The Chronicles of Spellborn NCsoft Spellborn International Unreal Engine 3 BioShock BlackSite: Area 51 Gears of War Unreal Tournament 3 Rainbow Six Vegas Lost Odyssey Mass Effect The Last Remnant 2K Games Midway Games Epic Games Epic Games Ubisoft Mistwalker BioWare Square-Enix TGEA Marble Blast Ultra Fallen Empire: Legions Dreamlords Penny Arcade Adventures: On the Rain-Slick Precipice of Darkness Ghajini - The Game GarageGames Lockpick Entertainment Hothead Games FXLabs Studios Iron Engine Sins of a Solar Empire Ironclad Games Hedgehog Engine Sonic Unleashed SEGA, Sonic Team HeroEngine Hero's Journey Simutronics Gamebryo Dark Age of Camelot The Elder Scrolls IV Fallout 3 Mythic Entertainment Bethesda Softworks Bethesda Game Studios BigWorld Twin Skies Stargate Worlds Hokuto No Ken Online Meteor Games Cheyenne Mountain Entertainment GungHo Entertainment [edit] References ^ "QuakeCon Wrapup". LinuxGames. http://www.linuxgames.com/archives/9374 . ^ http://www.computerworld.dk/art/37193?a=related&i=38760&bottom [edit] See also
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Amstrad CPC, C64 and ZX Spectrum to the latest Free Indie PC Releases we've got it all!		https://www.indieretronews.com/favicon.ico		https://www.indieretronews.com/search/label/Game%3Fupdated-max%3D2014-10-30T16%3A27%3A00Z%26max-results%3D20%26start%3D380%26by-date%3Dfalse%26m%3D0	Sonic GX - Sonic the Hedgehog looks stunning on the Amstrad GX4000 and Amstrad Plus In the early 90's I had the pleasure of playing the fantastic platformer of Sonic the Hedgehog on both the Sega Megadrive and Sega Maste...
5443	dbpedia	0	54	https://www.scribd.com/doc/172156346/NVIDIA-Profiles	en	3 D Computer Graphics	https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/172156346/original/365bb42c74/1723398730?v=1	https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/172156346/original/365bb42c74/1723398730?v=1	[ "https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/images/shared/gr_table_reading.9f6101a1.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "evilogre" ]	null	NVIDIA Profiles - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. nvidia driver	en	https://s-f.scribdassets.com/scribd.ico?f6c17a141?v=5	Scribd	https://www.scribd.com/doc/172156346/NVIDIA-Profiles
5443	dbpedia	1	18	https://www.freemmorpglist.com/games_action_/index-7.html	en	Page 7	https://www.freemmorpgli…oto_myth_war.jpg		[ "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/style/logo.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_myth_war.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_dreamlords.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_9dragons.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_tales_of_pirates.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_freestyle_street_basketball.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_martial_heroes.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_domo.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_football_superstars.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_kicks_online.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_red_stone.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_fiesta_online.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_drift_city.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_age_of_armor.jpg", "https://www.freemmorpglist.com/pics/screensmall/foto_shadow_of_legend.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "action mmo games", "free action mmo", "action mmorpgs", "action mmos", "action mmo", "action mmorpg" ]	null	[]	null	Best Free MMORPG Games. FreeMMORPGlist.com provides the best news and information coverage for Free MMORPG Games and more! - Page 7	en	https://www.freemmorpglist.com/favicon.ico	FreeMMORPGlist.Com	https://www.freemmorpglist.com/index-7.html	Free MMORPG Games LAST FREE MMO GAMES ADDED More Free games -> 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 10 \| 11 Myth War MMO Myth War Online is a large scale MMORPG based in the magical european middle age era. Four classes of species exist, the Humans, the Centaurs, the Magicians and the Half Human Robots. Myth War Online's Unique Features : Beautifully rendered game environment with enchanting in-game art. Short learning curve and intuitive graphic user interface sytem. Minimal PC hardware requirements (game does not utilize 3D engine) Friendly advanced and newbie online community. Dreamlords MMO Dreamlords offers unparalleled strategic depth by providing both long term empire building with 3D RTS action in a massively multiplayer world. Dreamlords the game is made up by one game client and a web interface. The empire building is done in the web interface and fighting is done in the game client. A dreamlord is a mystical entity that has risen to answer the desperate calling of the people. Now you have to lead them to a great future, one step at a time. 9Dragons MMO 9Dragons is a free to play martial arts themed MMO game, set during the period of Ming Dynasty at the ancient China; the Land where Martial Arts was born. The design team has paid meticulous attention to the period authenticity of all the available cities, weapons, moves, costumes and locations used in 9Dragons. The Land itself will be constantly evolving around you as new cities, quests. Also, special events are continuously added and updated. Tales of Pirates MMO Based on 5000 years of background history with Piracy as its central theme, Tales of Pirates lets players have a fruitful navigating experience as well as exploration of the unknown. This fully 3D designed multiplayer online game is comical in nature and has humorous looking characters and creatures. The game is painted in bright and beautiful colors. The exaggerated movements and actions of characters as well as objects, topped with an atmosphere that is overall relaxed, the game makes it always interesting and fresh for new and old players alike. There are also different styles, themes and architecture for the different towns, islands and dungeons. The multitude of elements designed captivates players and keeps them immersed while they explore all different possibilities available in game. Freestyle Street Basketball MMO FreeStyle Street Basketball is a fast-paced massively multiplayer online PC basketball game where players meet on virtual courts to challenge each other in a dynamic pick-up game environment, featuring cutting-edge music, fashions and gravity defying basketball moves. The game’s easy-to-learn controls allow players to master every move, from simple shots to crazy alleyoop dunks, using just four keys. Gamers can play 1-on-1, 2-on-2 or 3-on-3 street basketball online against people from around the country. The game boasts an exclusive soundtrack featuring Lloyd Banks, Young Hot Rod and Sha Money XL and clothing and gear from Marc Ecko Enterprises. The globally popular FreeStyle Street Basketball has more than 30 million players in Asia. Martial Heroes MMO Martial Heroes features a world rich in oriental heritage, martial arts and age-old legendry and offers a perfect blend between oriental medievalism and stunning fantasy. A gamer chooses the role that fits him or her best. By playing quests and using items such as swords and horses, the gamer grows into his role. On your journey through the world of Martial Heroes you travel into areas totally different from locations you have seen before. There are mystical terrains where the night rules supreme, or lands that can only be reached through secret passages. While you progress through Martial Heroes and your character reaches new levels, many more elements will become available. This ensures richness in new experiences for players of Martial Heroes, never before encountered in any game. Of course real success comes from playing the game together. Martial Heroes offers the possibility to form a Guild. There is an unlimited number of levels that will keep the game provocative for every hardcore gamer. DOMO MMO Dream of Mirror is a free-to-play MMORPG (massive multi-player online role playing game) developed by Softstar, leading brand of Chinese video games industry. Dream of Mirror surpassed 400,000 registered users in Taiwan alone! The player can choose between 4 races, 6 classes and 6 skills to gain experience through amazing quests and missions; weapons grow too, and pets are active allied during combats. In this game user can fly all over the places riding its weapons. The game places a lot of emphasis on teamwork also through the strong human relationship system that is core for gaming experience development. For the game success it is essential also to establish highly close friends groups. Football Superstars MMO Football Superstars is a massively multi-Player online (MMO) game based on the immensely popular sport of football. Football Superstars is the first MMO to recreate the game of football and its associated lifestyle. Thousands of players within a huge online persistent world compete to become a football superstar leading to on- and off-pitch glory, fame and luxury. You control one player, rather than an entire team and develop your player’s career from your first days at a football academy all the way towards stardom as a member of the first team of a successful premier club. Along the way you must train, develop your talent, learn new skills, tricks, abilities and use these new found abilities on and off the pitch to further your football career. Kicks Online MMO Kicks Online is a free-to-play soccer MMO (massively multi-player online) developed by Entermate, one of the emerging brands of Korean online games industry. The game was launched on the Korean market on July 2006 and now has more than 300,000 Registered users. Kicks Online adopts street soccer modes and rules. Only through different tactics (such as various ways of passing ball and adjusting football surface harness) and strong teamwork players can win the match. More the player plays, more the character’s skills will improve. Red Stone MMO Red Stone is a fascinating game with a very classic feel to it. The game is focused on one thing: fun! It is filled with classic RPG elements, which makes it very accessible to new players. Everything feels familiar, right from the start. There are some different features, though, which make Red Stone unique. The most important of these are outlined below. The CP System Unlike most MMORPGs, there is no mechanic of “Mana” or “Magic Points” that are required to use special abilities in Red Stone. Instead, there is the Charge Point (CP) system, which is set up to ensure combat is always dynamic and interesting, and is a feature unique to Red Stone. Fiesta Online MMO Developed by Ons On Soft for Windows, Fiesta Online is free-to-play 3D MMORPG with more than 2 Million players worldwide. The game is now available for European players in German, English and soon French and Spanish. It features detailed Comic 3D Graphics, an unique character development based on four classes, PVE and PVP Gameplay, and numerous Quests for single adventurers or groups. Choose your character between: Warrior (brings immense strength and hand-to-hand combat experience that makes them the centre of any band of players), Cleric (Clerics support their companions with the healing Power of Light and can annihilate their enemies by summoning the Anger of Goddess Teva), Archer (Archers have command over a wide range of skills including the ability to invoke the forces of nature for protection) or Mage (The energy of Isya flows through the Mage, which can be channelled into their perplexing magic spells). Drift City MMO Drift City is unlike any driving game you'll ever play. Part role-playing game, and part racing game, Drift City will keep your pedal to the metal in your quest to become the ultimate driver! In Drift City, there is no set path to follow; you can choose to follow the main story, complete side missions, race in the Battle Zone, or just drive around and explore Mittron Island. Perform Combo Skills to fill your Booster Gauge and unleash a burst of speed! Age of Armor MMO In the middle of the 21st century, as the large-scale immigration gradually eliminates the boundaries between races, “Global Independence United Government”, sponsored by a number of developed countries and based upon United Nation, is hence founded. As time goes on, more and more nations join the organization, and the first Earth United government in human history comes to existence. Human starts to build their home on the moon, on the Mars and in the space. The living environments there is poor, and authorities on the earth are discriminative of these space residents. Unfair wealth distribution, backward welfare system and resource distribution lead to deteriorating conflicts. Residents on the Mars begin to resist. They form their own government and make full use of robot-operating skills developed to fight against the army sent by the Earth United government. Shadow of Legend MMO Shadow of Legend is the world's first High-Performance, Cross-Platform MMORPG (Massively Multi-player Online Role Playing Game) targeting mobile devices. Players assume the roles of world heroes as they explore, adventure, and quest across the vast world of Agnes. Shadow of Legend allows thousands of players, whether they are on their PC or on their mobile device, to simultaneously interact with each other in the same world. Whether the players adventure together or battle one another for power and glory, the players can expect all the best features of an MMORPG to play seamlessly in the palm of their hand. Free to download and free to play.
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Jump from platform to platform in order to reach the end portal in time and escape. The Dreamlord has given you jump pads, teleports, elevators, anti-gravity devices and lots of platforms to jump on and get to the end. Prove to him you are worthy of waking up.	en	/favicon.ico		https://store.steampowered.com/app/412290/The_Dreamlord/	You can use this widget-maker to generate a bit of HTML that can be embedded in your website to easily allow customers to purchase this game on Steam. Enter up to 375 characters to add a description to your widget:
5443	dbpedia	1	6	https://www.mycplus.com/featured-articles/torque-3d-everything-about-garage-games-3d-engine/	en	Torque 3D: Everything about Garage Games 3D Engine	https://cdn.mycplus.com/…-Game-Engine.png	https://cdn.mycplus.com/…-Game-Engine.png	[ "https://cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/logo_new.png", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Torque-3D-Game-Engine-1280x640.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1%2Frs%3Adevice%2Frscb1-1", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Legion-Overdrive.jpg 750w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Legion-Overdrive-480x270.jpg 480w", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tribe-2.jpg 640w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tribe-2-480x270.jpg 480w", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Dreamlords-850x478.png 850w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Dreamlords-480x270.png 480w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Dreamlords-768x432.png 768w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Dreamlords-1080x608.png 1080w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Dreamlords.png 1280w", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Visitors-First-Contact-850x568.png 850w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Visitors-First-Contact-480x321.png 480w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Visitors-First-Contact-768x513.png 768w,https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Visitors-First-Contact.png 857w", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fd9bc4d641f76b6ea286707f2e939441?s=340&d=mm&r=g 2x", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/AAA-Game-Development-Using-C-440x264.png", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/seach-engine-marketing-440x264.jpg", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Programming-Coding-440x264.jpg", "https://www.mycplus.com/ezoimgfmt/cdn.mycplus.com/mycplus/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/godot-game-engine-1-440x264.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "c++ programming", "game development", "blog" ]	null	[ "Subayyal Ayub", "www.facebook.com", "mr.msaqib" ]	2022-01-11T21:24:55+05:00	Torque 3D, or TGE, is an open-source gaming engine that was developed by Dynamix. In September 2012, the Garage Games released Torque 3D.	en	https://cdn.mycplus.com/…_large-32x32.png	MYCPLUS - C and C++ Programming Resources	https://www.mycplus.com/featured-articles/torque-3d-everything-about-garage-games-3d-engine/	If you are into playing fps games or even want to develop an fps game, then Torque 3D Engine is perfect for you. It’s a cloud-based Game Development Engine developed by Garage Games. History Of Torque Engine The Original torque gaming engine provided many features including networking code, scripting, in-engine world editor, and GUI Creation; The sources can be compiled for many platforms, like Windows, Mac, Xbox, iOS, Wii, etc. The TGE was shipped with starter kits for a First-person shooter and an offroad game. This starter kit can be modified if the developer decides to add anything or wants to start from scrap. Original Torque 2D was designed to develop 2D games. It was released in 2006, in 2 versions, standard, and pro versions (that also had source code). It was originally known as Torque Game Builder because its main goal was to develop games. Torque 3D engine was released as open-source software under the MIT license on the 20th of September, 2012. It is being actively maintained by GarageGames. It supports many features such as DirectX, PhysX, Modern Shader Feature, and advanced lighting models. It also supports building for Windows, Mac, iOS, and Linux. Torque 3D Engine Torque 3D, or TGE, is an open-source gaming engine that was developed by Dynamix for the first-person shooter game Tribes 2 in 2001. It was known as Torque2d back then. In September 2012, the Garage Games released Torque 3D as an open-source gaming engine under the MIT license, and they have been maintaining it to this day. The Torque 3D is written in C/C++ and it’s code can be built and deployed using free Microsoft Visual Studio C++ (“VC++”) Express Edition 2008 or 2010.. The torque 3d has many features including a world editor suite that has different tools for creating terrains, painting forests, drawing rivers and roads. It also has tools to create different materials, particles, and decal editing. The Torque X Soon after the release of Torque Game Builder, the developers at Garage Games started working on developing a game engine based on Torque Game Builder that could create multiple objects having the same abilities using a component system. But they failed to develop it and faced several issues such as 3D Terrain suffering due to lack of working samples, shadows were not realistic at all. As a result, it was left unfinished and many of the 3D features were incomplete. Game Engine Features The Torque 3D engine has many features, some of them are: It supports open COLLADA file format as an interface which is data interchange file format between 3D applications. PhysX for Cloth Dynamic movement, and body movements. It also Supports Fluid Buoyancy. Other features include a lighting model, and modern shader features such as dynamic lighting, parallax occlusion mapping, and depth of field, etc. some other good things about the Torque 3D Engine are Free of Cost: The Torque 3D engine is free and open-source. Unlike some of Gaming Engines in our Gaming Engines list, it is free to use, which means that all the source code is available to you and you can develop anything you want. There are some Engines on our list that cost around $100 per month, and we don’t want that. Cross-Platform: And another great thing about Torque 3D is that it‘s cross-platform, which means that it supports many different platforms like Windows, Mac, iOS, Xbox, etc. Which means that when you develop a game, you can share it with your buddies, no matter which platform they are using. You can all enjoy the game that you develop without any restrictions. Performance: Another good thing about the Torque 3D engine is that it is very lightweight. As a result, it performs pretty impressively on very old computers as well. Like if somehow you got a pc from 2010, the Torque 3D Engine will work fine, though I hope that you would have a powerful and newer pc unless you are living under a stone. The Torque Basic Tutorials So if you are a gamer and like me, and you want to learn how these games work, and how to develop one. Then I’m going to tell you a simple trick you can do to know everything about how to develop games on Torque 3D engine. If you visit Torque 3D’s official site, the site automatically guides you to a basic tutorial about how to develop with Torque 3D, a Video tutorial, and all the basic info that you will need to get started. Games Developed using Torque 3D Many games are developed using the Torque 3D engine; Some of them are. Torque 3D user reviews There are many good reviews related to GarageGame’s Torque 3D. Some of them are Daniel D says “it’s a good engine that is great for beginners” and in the overall review, he says ” Major benefit would obviously be the engine is free. Like I said in my review, it’s great for people starting off with the game design.” and gave overall 5 stars ratings.” Another user says “it might just make my next game in Torque” he further says that “ As a free tool, Torque has so many unexpected features. It really is a complete 3D game development tool. I was constantly surprised at how much I was able to do with it, despite it being a largely unknown tool.” and gave a 5-star rating. You can read the rest of the review about Torque 3D on capterra.com. Useful Resources Official Website: https://torque3d.org/torque3d/ GitHub: https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Game Engine Documentation: http://docs.garagegames.com/ Release Notes: http://wiki.torque3d.org/main:releases Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_(game_engine)
5443	dbpedia	2	46	https://cheatsformarbleblastgoldmsw.wordpress.com/	en	CHEATS FOR MARBLE BLAST GOLD – CHEATS FOR MARBLE	http://bit.ly/pUsn1b	http://bit.ly/pUsn1b	[ "https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/neat/images/h1.gif", "http://bit.ly/pUsn1b", "http://bit.ly/qnf22o", "http://bit.ly/pqJDUF", "http://bit.ly/n59b94", "http://bit.ly/pUsn1b", "http://bit.ly/rjbKKb", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Cheats for marble blast gold - Eagle gold coin - David cross gold Cheats For Marble Blast Gold marble blast Marble Blast Gold is a 3D adventure game. It was pre-installed on some Apple Inc. computers like the iMac and iBook. It is also available for Windows operating systems as well as various Linux distributions.…	en	https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico	CHEATS FOR MARBLE BLAST GOLD - CHEATS FOR MARBLE	https://cheatsformarbleblastgoldmsw.wordpress.com/	A group of teenagers cheat their way through high school. Four high school friends use their various skills to create a crack team of academic cheaters in Cheats: Handsome (Trevor Fehrman), the ringleader who finds a way to squirrel out of anything; Sammy (Elden Henson), his childhood cohort, who’s starting to wonder if honest effort might be more rewarding than cheating; Victor (Matthew Lawrence), an up-and-coming thug with good looks; and Applebee (Martin Starr), who writes the smallest and most precise crib notes of all time. They’ve held it together until their senior year, when their conflicting morals create rifts that threaten their solidarity. Cheats wants to be a combination of a classic heist flick and a celebration of the outsider, like Rushmore; unfortunately, everything about the movie feels false, from its depiction of the high school hierarchy to the implausible schemes. Also featuring Mary Tyler Moore as the school principal. –Bret Fetzer
5443	dbpedia	2	11	https://discussions.unity.com/t/garagegames-relaunches-torque-engine/434068	en	GarageGames Relaunches Torque Engine	https://europe1.discours…be21e6cd25e8.png	https://europe1.discours…be21e6cd25e8.png	[ "https://emoji.discourse-cdn.com/google/wink.png?v=12", "https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/j/e19adc/48.png", "https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/f4b2a3/48.png", "https://dub2.discourse-cdn.com/unity/user_avatar/discussions.unity.com/mrdude/48/246042_2.png", "https://emoji.discourse-cdn.com/google/slight_smile.png?v=12", "https://emoji.discourse-cdn.com/google/wink.png?v=12", "https://emoji.discourse-cdn.com/google/wink.png?v=12", "https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/a/df788c/48.png", "https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/a/df788c/48.png", "https://emoji.discourse-cdn.com/google/slight_smile.png?v=12" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2011-01-20T17:53:28+00:00	GarageGames Relaunches Torque Engine Hmm, I’ve never used Torque but given that its already failed once, its going to make it difficult for them to gain customer’s confidence.	en	https://europe1.discours…7c02_2_32x32.png	Unity Discussions	https://discussions.unity.com/t/garagegames-relaunches-torque-engine/434068	The engine, as a product of GG/IA was not directly managed by Castle, but as the CEO he does have influence over it. I don’t know what they should have done, but I knew at the time the moves they were making would end poorly. Ideally, Eric will really push for Torque to be presented more professionally than it has in the past. Eric is a very smart programmer, but that is a different set of skills than running a company or managing a product. Unlike b-school graduates, I realize that being smart enough to learn programming means he is probably smart enough to learn other things as well as the whole “people person” and “details person” schism is entirely fabricated to make some people feel smarter than they actually are. Yes, Brett, the same guy that would crap all over Unity on the GG forums about not getting the source code with Unity. If Unity was that terrible, he wouldn’t have moved. He appears to either have lied about his feelings on releasing source code or had a sudden change of heart when presented with a new job. Opportunists should be handled with extreme skepticism. What GG has to do, and what they already started doing in 2010, is think into the future and plan stuff, instead of relying on spontanously horrible ideas, letting “theory crafters” do decisions (TGEA 1.7 and 1.8 happened in their solid form cause GG had to create a game with it) and listen to the community when doing so. Torque was all fine and great up to the day where one fundamental fatal decision was made: Scrapping the whole rendering and pipeline core of TGEA after Milestone 4, a few months before release, although there were in beta for far beyond a year and then release something thats this fucked up and broken that it was totally unusable in any form. This was what brought Torque down in the end, the fact that TGEA was released although royally fucked up, pushed further by taking beyond a year to get the first usable version of it out (1.7). any reasonable mind took Milestone 4 for development basically (Dreamlords was MS4 based until they upgraded to 1.7 / 1.8 if I recall right), but all those who bought beyond it didn’t get its sources anymore and were just fucked and thus pissed. I myself had to downport Forbidden Magic from TGEA to TGE + MK II cause TGEA was that full of bugs with the majority of previously working tools in TGE not working anymore either after finding more and more minor to major bugs and shortcomings in the engine that prevented many of the tools from even standing a chance to work. It was a dire situation and the once rather famous Torque brand (which still has the best networking available to date out of my view) got a very hefty hit that not even the great TGB could have compensated for. The consequences were then rather visible. BlitzMax was able to pickup a fair amount of users that would otherwise have gotten TGB thanks to a great community and community tools and systems to just use and on the 3D end it was never like there was no competition with Truevision 3D, OGRE, Irrlicht and C4 on the field (Unity at that time was at best in the position to compete with TGE, if at all) Well, at the current price point it’s probably a worthwhile purchase for just about anyone with the cash. For the current pricing, I’ll probably get at least the 2D and i2D products just to compliment Unity while at the same time keeping some form of competition going. If you’re making a 2D game, particularly for iPhone, there’s a big advantage to i2D on both price and 2D tools/performance atm over Unity. The key thing that Torque needs to do (and cutting the product options down is a a good start), is try to become as artist friendly as possible. Even though I’m more of a programmer, it’s easy to see that making an artist and/or non-tech friendly product moves more units than appealing primarily to programmers. I think any programmer worth their weight can “adapt” a lot more easily and therefore there’s less of a need to constantly push the “we offer source code” angle, because non-programmers mostly don’t care about that, they want ease of use/learning, and that’s the biggest expansion area to the game engine market. The editor and tools in Torque are “ok”, but there are certainly some gotchas at this point, and I think it’s generally not nearly as obvious how to start/put things together for a “non programmer” with any of the Torque products as compared to Unity. Also, their proprietary torquescript really needs an alternative like C#, if for no other reason, simply because it adds so much applicable training material that they don’t have to produce themselves. Anyway, that’s what I see as the weaknesses at the moment. Regardless…to plug the source, keep in mind that if you buy the product and the company still goes under, you’re in a much better position with Torque for “future use” than you are with Unity. You can modify the source yourself, or pay someone else to do it for you in a pinch, so odds are you can still get a product or product(s) out with it without the need for updates from garagegames if things go south. Hear hear! The first ever email I sent to someone at Unity was to thank them for releasing a product with native support for Maya files. It took me ages to learn how to export a model to work with Torque and even longer still to try and figure out vehicles. Hell, I even wrote a car setup tutorial and nearly 2 years after I abandoned Torque I still get mails from people asking me to re-upload my sample files… I hated Torque until I got the scripting thing down… then found my feet and I was well underway, struggling only with the darn model export thing… Then I found Unity and with tears in my eyes I wrote a huge “Thank you” letter to Tom and struggled like mad to get the money for Unity as I had just spent my money on Torque the week before… So again, hear hear for ease of use. Just one thing I can’t understand, yet, probably because I have not looked at it in years… with all that Unity has to offer, why do any of you Unity users even still care to try Torque out? To follow it’s progress? To care about the company? That’s like buying a Porche and spending your weekends in the bike shop studying the latest developments in pedal materials… What am I missing? T3D actually went far on the artist friendly side or generally better and more complete editors. Also the pipeline now has DAE → DTS conversion right in the engine, which helps fighting the problem that you had only a handfull of tools to get working DTS at all. It also got more script only driven support due to the non-source license offered (but that can’t compete with TGB at all, which does require sources only if you really want to do engine modifications / extensions, otherwise TGB goes fine as pure script engine), T3D is only partially usable without a programmer able to work with C++, unless you do a shooter where its likely the best possible option price wise at the end of the day. But it is and remains a more professionals oriented engine than Unity which for my liking is attracting a bit too appealing to the “kiddo with no background” crowd that as a consequence is then completely incapable or unwilling to even make any meaning out of the docs and hope for tutorials that offer them copy paste solutions and alike. The Torque iPhone engine is “dedicated” 2D, so the feature set for that type of game is far more complete, and despite the performance advances in mobile, 2D is still the best alternative in that market, when considering price, performance, and the need for “simple games”. The T2D/iT2D editor is FAR more advanced for making 2D games as well. Tiles with layers and snapping systems for 2D graphics and a solid viewer for 2D animation sprites, plus a much more robust physics system for 2D sprites, just to name a few. There are also three starter kits you can purchase for three major game types (platformer, adventure, and kart) that have a TON of the basic scripting done for you already, just add your own graphics and modify some variables essentially to have a full game up quickly. Getting the source code is a huge advantage if you ever intend to expand to a larger operation with dedicated programming talent and/or you have the skill to work in the source yourself. I’ll put it this way. If you’ve ever been frustrated by a bug in Unity, that you have to wait for the next release months later to fix, OR…in some cases, find an annoying bug that never reaches a priority to get fixed in any release, with Torque, you can fix it yourself, if you have the skill. very clever marketing movement over there for the new owners to acquire the old name and all that “old values” crap. but they are still the same products, the same problems and honestly with unity and for those who doesnt want unity, theres udk , so i dont see how with unity and udk as competitors, how in the hell will they compete if they are the same crappy old products, i as former torque user i know the horrors of the torque engine… with most of the competitors already having a built in integration to some third party physics engine, i dont know how “you can integrate yourself the physics engine that you want” can be a strong selling point, in that case " you can make your own engine" would also be irresistible… i think the point here its not what its more graphically advanced or not, i think the main important point of new game middle ware should be focused on ease of use, strong solid tools and pain free workflow and unity its the closest thing to that than any other middle ware in the market in my opinion I believe Eric did a fantastic job to save the engine part of the company when Instant Action folded. The engine side always made money, so it was logical it would be attractive to an investment group. They have decided to focus on the main game engines, and nothing else. Also they are moving into bigger offices, and are hiring more people. During the closure time, they had people working on fixing bugs the entire time. The $99 sale will allow both existing customers, and new ones to take advantage of the source code. I think all the engines out there have advantages, and I like Unity for the web over flash. But I love Torque for the source code, and the T3D rendering. I will use multiple engines, Unity and Torque. :razz: UDK doesn’t offer sources and on any reasonable scale will cost you 100 times more. So its rather easy to see if you ask me Also, torques networking is still the best in industry and with it being FPS geared it attracts exactly that crowd that UT invested a lot of wasted time to attract too with the Bootcamp demo: Graphics sluts that don’t care for solid stuff, flexibility, creative but pruely for graphics so it seems that T3D might exactly be in the field Unity is hunting Also on the graphics end T3D is still among the least expensive and most powerfull solutions out there (Leadwerks is more powerfull but at the time also significantly more expensive cause it does not come with sources). Unity is still hunting to reach where the first public beta of T3D was in 2009 graphics wise and physics wise just to name 2 examples. In the end: anyone thinking in the line of a single engine will never get anywhere outside of a hobby cause nobody with a reasonable mind would use “taste” as an objective criteria to measure an engines value for the project. Torque has its space, Unity has and even UDK has although its space for usage out of my view is extremely limited to the engines I own and use otherwise for freelance work reasons (T3D Pro, U3 Pro, C4, Leadwerks 2.x, Shiva Advanced) due to the licensing. For a shooter for example I would never even considering to touch Unity, as it means that I waste weeks trying to get networking etc to the point where T3D was already before I downloaded and touched it and even at its best day Unity will not compete with the networking and the dedicated server support nor can I change that cause Unity neither offers sources nor is UT willing to finally offer their modified raknet implementation so we could use native raknet servers going by the fact that the request for it has been ignored since 2.0 days at least. Unpleasant but a fact, but this kind of things is why I would recommend everybody to remain open about technologies. They aren’t your baby, you don’t die when not using the same one nor will it be jealous and try to kick you like your GF if you use a different one Torque engines are so full of bugs that I think that we can even say that torque itself is a bug. All iphone torque engine are money steal products. They simply are extremly difficult to use, are full of bugs, and they are unable to move anything in real time. The only think amazing is the 2d editor, is really really well done. The bad thing is that it is extremely slow. EXTREMELY. You are going to have a lot of problems if you want to do something complex, with a lot of graphics and effects. They are a fraud, they sell something that lacks the most basic and obvious optimizations. Redbeer: Don’t ever try to acquire their products. Use cocos2d for a 2d game for iphone http://www.cocos2d-iphone.org/ Is one million times better. It runs even in the first iphone and it runs really really well. dreamora: the same. For a FPS the best option is UDK or unity, They are much powerful, have better performance, look better (MUCH better), have much better documentation, and are more cheap. One thing that I remember really well: All products forums are blocked until you buy their products. And it has a lot of sense when you buy one of this products and in the forums you can see that 99% post are people asking to fix bugs or make it work. Also, i really laugh with the “you can always fix the bug yourserlf” argument. Fix a bug on an engine with thousands of files needs a lot of work, and is a NON trivial problem. And in torque we are not talking about “one” bug, we talk about hundreds before you can really finish a game…
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5443	dbpedia	0	24	http://taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/new_content/c34c1962e31f9ffd759f2ab35bb72288	en	Torque Game Engine			[ "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/56/Torque_Game_Engine_logo.png", "http://taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/skins-1.5/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png", "http://taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/images/wikimedia-button.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Torque Game Engine", "Articles with unsourced statements since February 2009", "GarageGames", "Torque Game Engine games", "2001", "2007", "3D computer graphics", "3D model", "Apple Macintosh", "Blockland", "Bridge Builder" ]	null	[]	null		en	http://en.wikipedia.org/apple-touch-icon.png		null	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the airport with the IATA code TGE, see Sharpe Field. Torque Game Engine Developed by GarageGames Latest release 1.5.2 / Operating system Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux Type Game Engine License Indie License available for individuals and companies who made less than US$250,000 in sales the previous year, and Commercial License available at a higher price for individuals and companies who made more than $250,000 in the previous year Website Official Torque Game Engine Product Page The Torque Game Engine, or TGE, is a modified version of a 3D computer game engine originally developed by Dynamix for the 2001 FPS Tribes 2. The Torque engine has since been available for license from GarageGames to independent and professional game developers. Several notable commercial titles developed using the engine include Blockland, Marble Blast Gold, Minions of Mirth, TubeTwist, Ultimate Duck Hunting, Wildlife Tycoon: Venture Africa, ThinkTanks, and Penny Arcade Adventures. Contents 1 History 2 Features 3 Strengths 3.1 Networking 3.2 Community 4 Shortcomings 4.1 Documentation 4.2 Audio support 5 Derivatives 5.1 Torque Game Engine Advanced 5.2 Torque Game Builder 5.3 Torque Lighting Kit 5.4 Torque X 6 Licensing 7 See also 8 References 9 External links 9.1 Tools [edit] History Shortly after the release of Tribes 2, many members of the Dynamix team left to create their own company, GarageGames. They negotiated a deal with Vivendi Universal to buy the Tribes 2 game engine. After extensive modification, the Torque Game Engine was created, though it was initially called the V12 Engine until a Canadian software company threatened GarageGames with a trademark infringement lawsuit. [edit] Features As well as being a 3D graphics engine, TGE provides robust networking code, scripting, in-engine world editing and GUI creation. The source code can be compiled on Windows, Macintosh, Linux, Wii, Xbox 360 and iPhone platforms. The game features a terrain engine which automatically creates LODs of the ground so that it renders the fewest polygons necessary at any given time. The terrain is automatically lit and textures applied to the terrain can be blended together seamlessly. The model supports loading of 3D models in the .DTS file format and the .DIF file format. The .DTS models can be animated using either skeletal animation or morph target animation. It is also possible to blend multiple skeletal animations together by playing them simultaneously or automatically tweening between the different positions of bones in the skeleton. .DTS models are typically used for characters and vehicles though occasionally, they are used for buildings and interiors. .DIF models have pre-calculated lighting and as such are ill-suited for animation. Instead, they are used for buildings and interiors. They automatically have bounding boxes that perfectly match the visible geometry. This is so that it isn't made overly difficult for a player in a Torque Game Engine game to move or fire weapons around them. The game's rendering engine features environment mapping, gouraud shading, volumetric fog, and other effects such as decals which allow for textures to be projected onto interiors in real time (for example, a player in a Torque Game Engine game might fire a weapon that leaves a bullet hole in the wall. The bullet hole would be a decal). Torque supports networked games over LAN and the internet with a traditional client-server architecture. Server objects are "ghosted" on clients and updated periodically or upon events. TGE ships with starter kits for a first-person shooter and an off-road racing game. A real-time strategy starter kit is also available as a separate purchase. These starter packs can be modified to suit the needs of the developer, or the developer can start from scratch. [edit] Strengths A sizable game development community has arisen around TGE, partially because of the low price-point (see Licensing). While the quality of the rendering engine may be matched or exceeded by other free, low-cost, or open-source engines, many users believe that TGE offers a "full-service" game engine beyond what most other low-cost engines are capable of. [edit] Networking Torque Game Engine's most acclaimed feature is its ability to interface with other programs over the Internet. It is considered to be especially low-latency on the whole and is able to, in most cases, hold relatively lag free games amongst fairly large groups of players who are using 56k modems. [edit] Community TGE's user community contributes a fair amount to the engine's feature set. Code and art resources can be posted to the GarageGames website which other developers are free to use. These resources are of varying quality in terms of polish and ease of implementation. Resources available for TGE include a shader-based water renderer, high dynamic range lighting, and an in-engine Flash player (based on GameSWF). [edit] Shortcomings Some users of TGE believe that it is not a well-made product. In forum threads [1] and product reviews on DevMaster.net[2] many people have expressed dislike for TGE though it is consistently ranked # 1 on the Most Reviewed Commercial Engines list. On the same site, however, in the overall rankings of all types of engines (including those not available to the public) its ranking is # 72. Among other reasons, they cite convoluted pipelines for getting 3D content into a form that is properly usable by the engine, bad documentation, misleading marketing, inferior audio support when compared with Tribes 2, a lack of stable map editors, outdated graphics, and poorly organized, buggy code that feels "slammed together." [edit] Documentation Developers who believe Torque is poor often cite the documentation as one of its weaknesses. These developers believe that while a large amount of documentation exists, much of it "is simply lacking. It works, but it simply is not enough." [2] GarageGames has made efforts to mitigate this by hiring a dedicated documentation engineer as well as providing the largely community driven Torque Developer Network [3] (or the TDN for short) to serve as a supplemental documentation for its products. The TDN is accessible if you are a member of the GarageGames community, regardless of engine ownership. However it is not always up to date and does contain missing and outdated areas of documentation. [edit] Audio support The audio support in TGE is significantly less robust than that found in Tribes 2. Tribes 2 was written using the FMOD proprietary audio library.[citation needed] In order for GarageGames to maintain TGE's low price, GarageGames had to port the audio code to the only cross platform audio library available, OpenAL. The two libraries have significant underlying differences, and as a result certain features such as Tribes 2's voice chat are noticeably absent from TGE. [edit] Derivatives Over time, Torque Game Engine has been expanded on with the creation of derivative engines. Notably, some are sold on the GarageGames website. [edit] Torque Game Engine Advanced Main article: Torque Game Engine Advanced Torque Game Engine Advanced (formerly known as Torque Shader Engine) is an expanded version of Torque Game Engine made to support advanced technologies including shaders, per-pixel lighting, and massive terrains. This version of the engine has been ported to Microsoft's Xbox and Xbox 360 console systems. Several Xbox Live Arcade games have been released using the Torque engine, most notably Marble Blast Ultra. [edit] Torque Game Builder Main article: Torque Game Builder Some time after the release of Torque Shader Engine, the company went on to create Torque 2D. Torque 2D was a game engine designed for 2D games based on the Torque Game Engine. The name was eventually changed to the Torque Game Builder because apparently the ultimate goal is to make Torque Game Builder a game-making suite. [edit] Torque Lighting Kit Torque Lighting Kit is a sort of expansion pack to the Torque Game Engine developed by John Kabus. It adds a variety of enhanced lighting features to the Torque Game Engine. In the latest release [4], features such as dynamic lighting and shadowing were added. Torque Lighting Kit is now included as part of Torque Game Engine 1.5 and Torque Game Engine Advanced. [edit] Torque X After the release of Torque Game Builder, GarageGames began to develop Torque X. Torque X is a game engine based on Torque Game Builder using a component system that allows multiple game objects to have the same abilities. It has to do with Microsoft XNA Game Studio[5][6]. Currently, many of the 3D features are incomplete. Specifically, 3D terrain using RAW heightmaps suffers from a lack of working examples, shadows are simplistic, consisting of a spherical shadow texture projected on the terrain, the ability to use skinned meshes for animated models is not working (non-skinned meshes currently works), and the 3D rigid-body physics suffers from issues. [edit] Licensing As of version 1.5, the Torque Indie License allows the engine to be used by independent game developers for USD$150.00 per programmer, provided the programmer is not employed by a company with an annual revenue of greater than $250,000. The alternate commercial license is available for $749 per seat. The licensing model is heralded by low-budget teams as it saves them the time and effort of programming their own game engine without requiring a large amount of money to license (compare to the $350,000 for the Unreal Engine 2). [7] The Torque Indie License requires that the TGE (or Garage Games) logo is displayed for 4 seconds before the game starts up in all released games, and a link to the Garage Games' website be included in the credits. [8] The Torque Commercial License does not omit these requirements.[9] It is worth mentioning that the Indie License only allows you to introduce games, not other types of software, to the market. For example, a database administration tool expressed as a 3D interface using the engine would not be allowed, and would require the commercial license. [edit] See also Ghajini-The Game Dynamix Tribes 2 Torque Game Engine Advanced (formerly known as Torque Shader Engine) Torque Game Builder GarageGames [edit] References ^ Garage Games Torque forum ^ a b ,DevMaster.net review of Torque Game Engine ^ Torque Developer Network ^ Latest release of Torque ^ Torque X Website on GarageGames ^ XNA Partners Website ^ Unreal Technology license pricing ^ India End User Licence for Torque Game Engine. (b) Licensee agrees to display a full screen, unmodified Torque Game Engine logo for no less than four full seconds in the start up sequence of any game created and released with the Engine. (c) Licensee agrees to include in the "About" box or in the credits screen: (i) a link to www.garagegames.com, and (ii) the wording "This game powered by the Torque Game Engine." ^ Commercial End User Licence for Torque Game Engine - Last checked Sept. 16, 2008. [edit] External links Torque Engine product page Torque Indie License Torque Commercial License Torque Engine detail and reviews by users Roar of the Indy - article in Business Week on the Torque Game Engine Forum Thread : Your thoughts on recent Torque reviews Thread in the GarageGames message board which brings to light many of TGE's shortcomings. C2C Simulation Company that uses Torque simulation engine. [edit] Tools
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"https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/5fb6eab35646311c6098a26bc2f880023e841efada7cea01331696a53c989a65?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/5fb6eab35646311c6098a26bc2f880023e841efada7cea01331696a53c989a65?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Posts about Jobert Cartoon written by miracleanimation	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/5fb6eab35646311c6098a26bc2f880023e841efada7cea01331696a53c989a65?s=32	Miracle Animation Studios Inc.	https://miracleanimationstudiosinc.com/category/jobert-cartoon/	I called Grace in the morning of September 19th to talk about where she was on the 17th at the AsiaPOP Comicon (APCC) held at the World Trade Centre (WTC), since I couldn’t find her after 15 minutes upon entering the WTC. Edith (Alstaire’s wife) told me then that Grace was with the Japanese investor of the Top Peg – Anime School. I really wanted to take a picture of her and the Japanese as it has been a few times in a month that the said investor kept on visiting her school at Las Piñas. That Thursday afternoon, I tried to contact her with a cellphone but there was no answer and I looked for her at the WTC, but I couldn’t find her. So I left the WTC that afternoon without saying goodbye to her. After a few explanations on Saturday over the phone, Grace told me she was going to an animation event, which I thought she was going back to the APCC, but she clarified that she’ll be at the SMX Convention Centre at around 2pm, as there was an event called the Best of Anime 2015, where the Top Peg – Anime School had a booth. She said the Japanese investor might be there, so I asked her if she could just take some pictures and write about the event for this blog. But after lunch, I changed my mind and I texted Grace where exactly is the event at the SMX Convention Centre and who is the contact person; so I went there to take pictures of the event, the booth and interview the contact person. The Best of Anime 2015 is held at the 3rd Floor of the SMX Convention Centre from September 19 to 20 from 9:00 am to 7:00 pm. The event is on its 6th year and it has thousands of attendees to see and join the contests on cosplays, quickdraw, bands, Karaoke and other activities. In the last 3 years, professional Japanese cosplayers, singers and other artists were also invited to judge and perform in the event. Last year there were about 20,000 visitors to the event. I was already taking some pictures even before buying the entrance ticket. Grace was just a few minutes ahead of me before 2:00 pm where we met at the long line before the registration centre and paid the P300 entrance fee; I left about 3:30 pm. I was primarily at the event to interview about the school and it just so happens that the event was also very interesting. Upon entering the venue, we separated as Grace went to look for the Top Peg – Anime booth and I took some pictures of the crowd, events and booths. After a few minutes, I was already at the booth where Grace followed a few minutes later. The contact person was Cynthia Z. Javier – she is the chief operating officer of the school and Mr. Tamiyo Hayasaki; they were not yet at the booth as they were still looking around the area. After a short while, they both arrived at the booth and we introduced ourselves. Since Mr. Hayasaki could not speak English, so I just asked Cynthia if it was alright if I just interview her. She agreed and we both went out of the area as the noise inside was very loud. Cynthia Z. Javier (in Blue), Mr. Tamiyo Hayasaki (in Red), Grace (in Black) Inquirers about the Anime School Grace and Cynthia knew each other way back in 1988; they were both animators at Fil-Cartoons. Since then they went on their separate ways but found each other again in early 2011 as there was a plan to open an Anime School back then. Grace was the one who introduced Cynthia to Mr. Hayasaki, as Grace knew that Cynthia is a big fan of anime. Mr. Hayasaki asked Cynthia in 2011 if there was a market for an anime school; Cynthia narrated that there are many local anime websites and Facebook sites with anywhere from 10,000 to 100,000 members or viewers. Many anime groups are also located in the provincial urban areas in the Visayas and Mindanao area. Cynthia observed the growing interest of young Filipinos in anime. Even if the anime is not known, they will make it known. What attracts the young ones is the story, as it it not predictable; the personality of the character as it is closer to their own personality and the interesting design and costume of the anime. There is also a lot of variation of the of the story and design concept. The school was to be located at somewhere in Buendia Avenue in Makati City and there were already floor plans for the school. Mr. Hayasaki and two other Japanese investors were the backers of the school but for some reason, the two other investors changed their minds and went on to other businesses. Mr. Hayasaki kept on the dream, as he believed in the potential of the Filipino and many are interested in anime. In 2014 there was another delay as there was a need by the investors to see a huge population in the country who are interested in anime. They call it the net business, which is about 10% of the estimated gross population in the country who are interested in anime. A sample computation is if there are 10 million fans of anime, 1 million are the hard core fans or net business. In 2015, many of Mr. Hayasaki’s associates still support his vision, but they need a goal of millions of anime followers. In order to start the school, Mr. Hayasaki just used his own money to get the ball rolling. Through an interpreter, Mr. Hayasaki said that he is from Tokyo, and has a travel business and he set up the school as he wants to introduce Japanese culture and manners. He is also a member of a Japan manga association. Erika Padua (Interpreter), Mr. Hayasaki The Top Peg – Anime School is just an affiliate or more like a franchise of Top Peg Animation Institute, since the name of Top Peg is already quite known. The school is the 1st Japanese anime school in the country with manga and Nihongo courses. The basic school course will start on November 3, 2015 and end on February 26, 2016. The school will accept applicants from 17 years old to 40 years old. All applicants will be assessed with a short drawing exam. The school will accept applicants on October 1, 2015. The following basic courses are: Basic Drawing for Beginners – No drawing background needed – P35,000 tuition Basic Manga – Some drawing skills needed but Manga experience not necessary – P30,000 tuition Basic Anime – Some drawing skills needed but anime experience not necessary – P30,000 tuition All drawing and animation courses is packaged with basic Nihongo – read and write Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji Nihongo Classes Only – P13,000 Top Peg -Anime School will offer Saturday classes only if there are solid enrollees for this day. Email: animetoppegschool@gmail.com with full name and contact details to be included in this class. The target of the school is 100 students for the 3 basic courses. There are currently about 10 staff of the school. Cynthia Z. Javier is the former chairperson if iAcademy handling the BS Animation Program. The Manga instructor has done projects from Japan, the language instructor is an N2 level passer with experience of 7 years living in Japan and the animator instructor has worked with Toei Philippines for more than 15 years. One of the goals of the school is to open animation job opportunities for Filipinos in Japan. It is very hard to get jobs in Japan, if one does not have any Japanese language skill. Mr. Hayasaki is also negotiating with other Japanese companies to outsource more Japanese projects as there is only one Japanese animation outsourcing company in the country – Toei Philippines. The school will also open up an exchange student program in the future. The internships, job opportunities and the exchange program will depend on the deals of Mr. Hayasaki. Next year, the school plans to open a 1 year program to be registered with TESDA. The program will be divided into 3 modules, the basic, the intermediate and the advance classes. In the experience of animation instructors, a student with average skill improves in 1 year, those with innate skills it is about 6 months, those with no experience it is about 2 years. In Japan, animation courses are about 3 years. If the enrolment in Taguig City is going strong, the school plans to set up branches in the provincial areas also. Top Peg – Anime School is located at the 19th floor Jecoprime Building, 20th Drive McKinley Business Park, Bonifacio Global City Taguig, Metro Manila. Just look up the school’s Facebook site for the contact numbers, email and other details of the animation program. Ms. Cynthia Z. Javier was not exaggerating when she said that anime is very popular in the country. Since another organizer will have a cosplay contest with events and foreign artists like in the Best of Anime 2015. The said event is called Cosplay Mania 2015 which will also be held at the SMX Convention Center on October 3 and 4. The Top Peg-Anime School will also have a booth on the said event, so any interested students can just drop by the school’s booth. I asked Grace to take some pictures during her stay at the Top Peg Anime booth last October 4, 2015. Since it was Sunday, the place was packed with Cosplayers and visitors. The school had about 6,000 flyers for October 3 and 4, but it ran out around 5 pm on October 4, and the venue closed about 9 pm. The situation was the same last September 20 and 21, they also had 6,000 flyers but it ran out before the festivities ended, so they had to just give out their calling cards. According to their brochure or web description – AsiaPOP Comicon (APCC) is an international pop culture convention themed around comics, film, toys and collectibles, animation, games, cosplay, superheroes and everything pop culture. The event will attract several internationally renowned artists, celebrities and pop icons to various pockets of Asia, starting with Manila (to be followed in Abu Dhabi, Korea and USA) and draw the attention of ardent fans. APCC will feature exhibitors from genres of pop culture and top studios from across the globe, to bring popular brands and exclusive content for the show. Focusing on delivering the ultimate fan experience, APCC aspires to bring geek culture mainstream and stand tall as a perfect launch pad to unveil new products and first look of movies for the Asia Pacific region providing a galore of potential opportunities for SMEs (small to medium size enterprises) in the entertainment business to reach out to big brands and the vibrant creative talent pool from APAC. While the event will serve as a mega licensing avenue for studios to establish direct access to potential clients through B2B networking, the larger purpose of the event will remain the outreach and communication for celebrities and brands with their fans and engage with them on a one-on-one basis. The APCC is handled by Universal Events & Entertainment (UEE), a subsidiary of Al Ahli Holding Group is a premier and dynamic international events management company, headquartered in Singapore committed to be the forefront of pop culture/ comic con events globally. The passionate and dedicated team combined has over 4 decades of events management experience in the area of pop culture. When I called Grace for other matters 2 days ago, she told me about the APCC. Although I heard about it early this year and was aware that it would be held this September, I was not aware that it would be held this week. So Grace emailed me the website of the event. The event would be held from September 17 to the 20th, but the 17th is only open to industry professionals for free. On the 18th to the 20th it will be open to the public with various ticket prices (child, one, two or three day passes). Since the event is for free on the 17th from 12 pm to 6 pm, I decided to take a look at it as it can open some connections and broaden my outlook for the pop culture industry. Grace, Alstaire and some other people from Top Peg Animation will also go on the 17th. I arrived at the World Trade Centre Manila along Gil Puyat Avenue, extension corner Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard before 12:40 pm. There were not many people at the place as there were no celebrities, shows, contests, raffles and other activities for this day. There were some comic artists doing some sketches but other booths or exhibits were still empty and some were still fixing their displays. I can easily imagine the large area to be full of people in the succeeding 3 days, especially on weekends. This is the first time that an international comic convention is held in the country and lots of fans, collectors, enthusiasts, hobbyists and cosplayers will be there to be in this event. There was not much to do except take photos of the many exhibits and did some small talk to some exhibitors. I was also not able to interview the organiser of the event, as the public relations officials were not present. Grace and company arrived much later around 3:50 pm as the TESDA assessment personnel arrived late at Top Peg. I waited for them since I need to get some papers and see the the progress of the mobile game programming and after that I took a few photos of them also. I left around 4:30 pm as I need to take the taxi and MRT to avoid the heavy traffic after office hours. None of the Top Peg people nor I will be present in the succeeding days, as we expect the event to be full of people. Alstaire’s brother will be present on Saturday, so I will just ask for some of his pictures for this blog. September 17, 2015 Whilce Portacio – International Comic Artist & Writer Whilce Portacio Inside the 4 Meter Tall Hulkbuster The following are some pictures and a short essay from Alstaire last September 17, 2015 at AsiaPOP Comicon. I saw Whilce Portacio talking with some people. Luis and I are comic collectors and I collected his title ‘Wetworks’ way back in college, so we really wanted to get his autograph. We went to one of the booths where they were selling Whilce’s old titles…Luis bought ‘X-factor’ comic while I bought ‘Stone’ number 1 comic for P200. We went back and waited for Whilce to finish talking to a guy who was marketing bags. Another guy (a 3D artist) cut in between us and he asked Whilce if was interested in having his characters sculpted in 3D. Whilce told him that he was interested in turning his characters into toys, and if he can add articulation to the 3D designs, then he should leave his number to his assistant. This gave me the idea to talk to him first before having his autograph. When my turn came, I told him that we were animators and if he was interested in having his works turn into animation. I also told him of the animated trailer we did for a graphic novel. He said he was interested but he wanted to know the capabilities of the Filipino animators. He asked if we could do a Hayao Miyasaki like backgrounds for animation. He said he has a partnership that they would announce next day, and this partnership is with Erik Matti, a Filipino director whose specialty were horror films. Because Whilce has stories about Philippine monsters that he wanted to do in film and that it may translate well also into animation. He really wants to promote Filipino talent but he first wants to see what we are capable of. I told him I can show what projects we have already done and I also said we are into games too. He was really interested but he said he didn’t have the time to visit our studio because he was leaving on the 2th but he might drop by when he comes back in November. After our talk, I asked him for his autograph and I said we will be looking forward to his visit. Alstaire with Whilce Portacio September 19,2015 The following are some pictures of celebrities and some events on September 19 by the brother of Alstaire – Alvin Sarthou. He was there from 9 am to 8 pm as he waited to take pictures of some of the celebrities. I’m very grateful that Alvin allowed his pictures to be used in this blog. September 19, 9 am – Waiting Outside the World Trade Center Alvin Algernon Sarthou of Toon City With Prop and Costume Maker – Bill Doran Colton Hayes of Arrow TV Series Paul Bettany Nathalie Emmanuels – Fast & Furious 7 & Game of Thrones International Cosplayer – Vampybitme Actress, Model – Lee Anna Vamp and Cosplayer – Monika Lee Philippine International Cosplayer – Alodia Gosengfiao International Cosplayers Dei Sarthou with Actress/Model Allison Harvard International Cosplayers Panel Comic Artist Panel Magnetic Levitating Figure Car With Artist Doodles Last September 7, 2015, Dennis was invited by Grace to give a talk at Top Peg Animation Studios for the staff and students about his experience as an independent 3D animator and producer. The talk was from 9:30 am to 12:00 pm and its about the story behind his creation Kaleh & Mbaki, the 3D Animation Pipeline. Dennis is a 3D animator and a professor at the College of St. Benilde. He is an architectural graduate and a practising architect before he became a 3D animator. He says he didn’t stay long being an architect because his creative juices weren’t fully utilized in the firm. These days the architectural firms with large projects are the ones credited unlike before the individual architect was also recognized. After his brief stint being an architect, he applied at ImaginAsia in the year 2000 at Mandaluyong City. He remembers at that time they were using very expensive equipments that were also used in Hollywood films such as Jurassic Park. Back then they would work on commercials and other video presentations but he was still searching for projects that he could be proud of. After sometime, the studio closed and he worked on the 3D movie Hoodwinked, which was voiced by Anne Hathaway and other celebrities. This was a great opportunity for him to learn and be part of a full length animated film. Despite his work, he still wanted to create his own project and this was when he began his work on Kaleh & Mbaki. Dennis had a fiancé of 3 years, and they had a dream of migrating to the US one day. Their plan was if either of them flies there first, he or she would help the other one to follow. When an opportunity came for his fiancé to go to the US, he stayed behind. While still working here, he decided to start on his short film. He needed time to work on the project, but his work didn’t allow him any. So he quit his job, but he needed money to survive and finance his project. So he tried to work but quit again in other firms. Then in the middle of his project, his fiancé broke up with him. Heart broken but not deterred, he now thought he had more time for his project, which showed him where his passion really was. He showed us the short about a shaman – Mbaki and his hornbill friend – Kaleh. The story starts with Mbaki carving a drawing in stone. When Kaleh goes to him asking for fruits, Mbaki gestures him to wait as he was still busy. As Kaleh walks away he then threw a stone towards Mbaki, which angered him. Kaleh acted as if he didn’t do anything. As soon as Mbaki finished his work and was to say something to Kaleh; Kaleh threw a spider at Mbaki which scared Mbaki and made him grab his jungle bolo. Seething with anger, Mbaki pointed his bolo at Kaleh. Kaleh thought he was going to be killed by Mbaki and he lost consciousness. Kaleh woke up beside a basket of fruits that Mbaki prepared for him. Kaleh approached Mbaki and shared him some of the fruits and Mbaki thanked him. When Mbaki was about to grab another fruit, Kaleh quickly got the basket and turned away. But Mbaki had a basket of fruits bigger than what he gave Kaleh which made him smile. After the show, Dennis gave tips on how to start your own story. He says the story comes first. Originally, Kaleh was a dog and his story was much more elaborate which had another character – a quail. He created a storyboard which he posted on his wall. He showed a picture of the storyboard panels covering the wall behind his computer. He broke every scene down to the number of scenes and the duration of each scene, the number of characters, props and effects of the shots. He then started to do all the assets. After the story, do some research. For me (Alstaire), I didn’t notice the film looked Filipino, but when Dennis told us his research, it became clear. The shaman – Mbaki looked like a native statue, his texture and anatomy were wood like in character. He said the design was based on the Ifugao’s wood carvings. He then searched for an animal, other than a dog that was endemic in the Philippines. He wanted a Toucan bird, but these birds are only found in South America. He then found a similar local bird but of a different species called the hornbill. He had to change the design by incorporating 2 kinds of hornbill species to come up with a colorful design. He said the formula was FU – which he teaches his classes at St. Benilde. The F stands for familiarity and U for uniqueness. You should make your film familiar to draw audiences but at the same time make it unique. It took him almost 4 years to finish the 5 minute short. He wasn’t happy with it though, as he originally wanted a longer story that had more drama, but because of lack of budget and time he had to change the story. He said in the original script, there was suppose to be a sacrifice, close to the biblical story of Abraham and Isaac. Even though he wasn’t happy with the output, he entered it to different festivals and contests, where it got 8 recognitions here and abroad. He quoted Pixar director – Ronnie del Carmen who emphasize that you create then get feedback, then repeat. Although he was not satisfied with the story, at least he finished it and got some feedback and recognition for it. Rather than going back and correcting the animation to its original story, Dennis would rather make a new one. He is now creating a new project about the local tribe Aetas, but he now he has a small team to work on it. Dennis recalled his days at ImaginAsia as he was starting in 3D animation. The computer that he was using at that time was a Silicon Graphics work station which cost about 1.2 million pesos. This was the same computer used at Pixar at that time. He then compared that machine to today’s laptop with the same power but more capability that only cost 35,000 pesos. So what is stopping us from creating our own Toy Story. Article by Alstaire A. Sarthou Photos by Grace A. Dimaranan
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