gem_id
stringlengths 20
25
| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
59
| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-103700
|
572a41513f37b31900478829
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
How many people lived in Easy Prussia in 1939?
|
How many people lived in Easy Prussia in 1939?
|
[
"How many people lived in Easy Prussia in 1939?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2.49 million"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103701
|
572a41513f37b3190047882a
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
Of the population in East Prussia, what percentage of those were German?
|
Of the population in East Prussia, what percentage of those were German?
|
[
"Of the population in East Prussia, what percentage of those were German?"
] |
{
"text": [
"85%"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103702
|
572a41513f37b3190047882b
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
How many East Prussian Jews were around in 1939?
|
How many East Prussian Jews were around in 1939?
|
[
"How many East Prussian Jews were around in 1939?"
] |
{
"text": [
"3,000"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103703
|
572a41513f37b3190047882c
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
What happened to those Jews who remained?
|
What happened to those Jews who remained?
|
[
"What happened to those Jews who remained?"
] |
{
"text": [
"deported and killed in the Holocaust."
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103704
|
5a3bfbebcc5d22001a521cae
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
How many Latvian speaking Kursenieki were there?
|
How many Latvian speaking Kursenieki were there?
|
[
"How many Latvian speaking Kursenieki were there?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103705
|
5a3bfbebcc5d22001a521caf
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
How many Lietuvininkai were there?
|
How many Lietuvininkai were there?
|
[
"How many Lietuvininkai were there?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103706
|
5a3bfbebcc5d22001a521cb0
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
Where did the Kursenieki live?
|
Where did the Kursenieki live?
|
[
"Where did the Kursenieki live?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103707
|
5a3bfbebcc5d22001a521cb1
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
What language did ethnic Germans mostly speak?
|
What language did ethnic Germans mostly speak?
|
[
"What language did ethnic Germans mostly speak?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103708
|
5a3bfbebcc5d22001a521cb2
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.
|
How many Masurians were there?
|
How many Masurians were there?
|
[
"How many Masurians were there?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103709
|
572a441b6aef0514001553ec
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]
|
In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau annexed?
|
In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau annexed?
|
[
"In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau annexed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103710
|
572a441b6aef0514001553ed
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]
|
What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau?
|
What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau?
|
[
"What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103711
|
572a441b6aef0514001553ee
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]
|
Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country?
|
Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country?
|
[
"Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country?"
] |
{
"text": [
"reunification with Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103712
|
5a3bfcbacc5d22001a521cb8
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]
|
In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau established?
|
In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau established?
|
[
"In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau established?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103713
|
5a3bfcbacc5d22001a521cb9
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]
|
What ethnicity were most people in East Prussia in late 1939?
|
What ethnicity were most people in East Prussia in late 1939?
|
[
"What ethnicity were most people in East Prussia in late 1939?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103714
|
5a3bfcbacc5d22001a521cba
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]
|
What did most people in East Prussia want in regards to Germany in 1939?
|
What did most people in East Prussia want in regards to Germany in 1939?
|
[
"What did most people in East Prussia want in regards to Germany in 1939?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103715
|
5a3bfcbacc5d22001a521cbb
|
East_Prussia
|
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]
|
How many Germans were Nazis in 1939?
|
How many Germans were Nazis in 1939?
|
[
"How many Germans were Nazis in 1939?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103716
|
572a49391d046914007798c5
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II?
|
What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II?
|
[
"What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Poland and the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103717
|
572a49391d046914007798c6
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946?
|
What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946?
|
[
"What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Kaliningrad"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103718
|
572a49391d046914007798c7
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad?
|
What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad?
|
[
"What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad?"
] |
{
"text": [
"evacuated during the war"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103719
|
5a3bfd89cc5d22001a521cca
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
In what year did the Potsdam Conference occur?
|
In what year did the Potsdam Conference occur?
|
[
"In what year did the Potsdam Conference occur?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103720
|
5a3bfd89cc5d22001a521ccb
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
In what country was Kaliningrad in 1946?
|
In what country was Kaliningrad in 1946?
|
[
"In what country was Kaliningrad in 1946?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103721
|
5a3bfd89cc5d22001a521ccc
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
In what year did World War II start?
|
In what year did World War II start?
|
[
"In what year did World War II start?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103722
|
5a3bfd89cc5d22001a521ccd
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
What was one of the countries that defeated Nazi Germany?
|
What was one of the countries that defeated Nazi Germany?
|
[
"What was one of the countries that defeated Nazi Germany?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103723
|
5a3bfd89cc5d22001a521cce
|
East_Prussia
|
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.
|
To what country were the German population expelled?
|
To what country were the German population expelled?
|
[
"To what country were the German population expelled?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103724
|
572a4a9f1d046914007798d3
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945?
|
How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945?
|
[
"How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945?"
] |
{
"text": [
"800,000"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103725
|
572a4a9f1d046914007798d4
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
Around how many camps were set up by the Germans during the way?
|
Around how many camps were set up by the Germans during the way?
|
[
"Around how many camps were set up by the Germans during the way?"
] |
{
"text": [
"45 camps"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103726
|
572a4a9f1d046914007798d5
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
How many forced labourers were in the largest camp?
|
How many forced labourers were in the largest camp?
|
[
"How many forced labourers were in the largest camp?"
] |
{
"text": [
"48,000"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103727
|
572a4a9f1d046914007798d6
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
What were the children that were left behind in East Prussia that was occupied by the Russians referred to as?
|
What were the children that were left behind in East Prussia that was occupied by the Russians referred to as?
|
[
"What were the children that were left behind in East Prussia that was occupied by the Russians referred to as?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Wolf children"
],
"answer_start": [
773
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103728
|
5a3bfe73cc5d22001a521cd4
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
How many Germans were prevented from returning to East Prussia?
|
How many Germans were prevented from returning to East Prussia?
|
[
"How many Germans were prevented from returning to East Prussia?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103729
|
5a3bfe73cc5d22001a521cd5
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
How many Wolf children were there?
|
How many Wolf children were there?
|
[
"How many Wolf children were there?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103730
|
5a3bfe73cc5d22001a521cd6
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
How many forced labourers were there in the smallest camp?
|
How many forced labourers were there in the smallest camp?
|
[
"How many forced labourers were there in the smallest camp?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103731
|
5a3bfe73cc5d22001a521cd7
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
Where was the smallest camp established?
|
Where was the smallest camp established?
|
[
"Where was the smallest camp established?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103732
|
5a3bfe73cc5d22001a521cd8
|
East_Prussia
|
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
|
In what year was the first forced labour camp established?
|
In what year was the first forced labour camp established?
|
[
"In what year was the first forced labour camp established?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103733
|
572a4b8b1d046914007798db
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia?
|
In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia?
|
[
"In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1945"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103734
|
572a4b8b1d046914007798dc
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
How was the pre-war population in East Prussia referred to as?
|
How was the pre-war population in East Prussia referred to as?
|
[
"How was the pre-war population in East Prussia referred to as?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Germanized Poles"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103735
|
572a4b8b1d046914007798dd
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia?
|
How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia?
|
[
"How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"18.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103736
|
5a3bff79cc5d22001a521ce6
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
How many were expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947?
|
How many were expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947?
|
[
"How many were expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103737
|
5a3bff79cc5d22001a521ce7
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
How many chose to emigrate to West Germany in the 1950s?
|
How many chose to emigrate to West Germany in the 1950s?
|
[
"How many chose to emigrate to West Germany in the 1950s?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103738
|
5a3bff79cc5d22001a521ce8
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
In what year was the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names established?
|
In what year was the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names established?
|
[
"In what year was the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names established?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103739
|
5a3bff79cc5d22001a521ce9
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
How many Lemkos were expelled in Operation Vistula?
|
How many Lemkos were expelled in Operation Vistula?
|
[
"How many Lemkos were expelled in Operation Vistula?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103740
|
5a3bff79cc5d22001a521cea
|
East_Prussia
|
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these "Autochthones" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names.
|
How many Ukrainians were expelled in Operation Vistula?
|
How many Ukrainians were expelled in Operation Vistula?
|
[
"How many Ukrainians were expelled in Operation Vistula?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103741
|
572a4c637a1753140016ae82
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia?
|
What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia?
|
[
"What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1946"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103742
|
572a4c637a1753140016ae83
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg?
|
In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg?
|
[
"In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg? "
] |
{
"text": [
"Mikhail Kalinin"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103743
|
572a4c637a1753140016ae84
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone?
|
Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone?
|
[
"Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone?"
] |
{
"text": [
"42,094"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103744
|
5a3c0119cc5d22001a521cfa
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
How many unregistered persons were there in the Oblast?
|
How many unregistered persons were there in the Oblast?
|
[
"How many unregistered persons were there in the Oblast?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103745
|
5a3c0119cc5d22001a521cfb
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
How many people lived in Kaliningrad?
|
How many people lived in Kaliningrad?
|
[
"How many people lived in Kaliningrad?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103746
|
5a3c0119cc5d22001a521cfc
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
In what year was the Memel Territory established?
|
In what year was the Memel Territory established?
|
[
"In what year was the Memel Territory established?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103747
|
5a3c0119cc5d22001a521cfd
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
What had Konigsberg been named after?
|
What had Konigsberg been named after?
|
[
"What had Konigsberg been named after?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103748
|
5a3c0119cc5d22001a521cfe
|
East_Prussia
|
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad to honour Mikhail Kalinin and the area named the Kaliningrad Oblast. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation Zone (which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
|
How many people had lived in the Memel Territory?
|
How many people had lived in the Memel Territory?
|
[
"How many people had lived in the Memel Territory?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103749
|
572a4cf51d046914007798e1
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia?
|
What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia?
|
[
"What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia?"
] |
{
"text": [
"expelled by the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103750
|
572a4cf51d046914007798e2
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
What did the Russians consider Curonians?
|
What did the Russians consider Curonians?
|
[
"What did the Russians consider Curonians?"
] |
{
"text": [
"fascists"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103751
|
572a4cf51d046914007798e3
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958?
|
Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958?
|
[
"Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958?"
] |
{
"text": [
"West Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103752
|
5a3c0201cc5d22001a521d0e
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
In what year did the evacuation of East Prussia occur?
|
In what year did the evacuation of East Prussia occur?
|
[
"In what year did the evacuation of East Prussia occur?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103753
|
5a3c0201cc5d22001a521d0f
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
How many Curonians immigrated to West Germany in 1958?
|
How many Curonians immigrated to West Germany in 1958?
|
[
"How many Curonians immigrated to West Germany in 1958?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103754
|
5a3c0201cc5d22001a521d10
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
How many Curonians had German names?
|
How many Curonians had German names?
|
[
"How many Curonians had German names?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103755
|
5a3c0201cc5d22001a521d11
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
How many Curonians fled from the Red Army?
|
How many Curonians fled from the Red Army?
|
[
"How many Curonians fled from the Red Army?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103756
|
5a3c0201cc5d22001a521d12
|
East_Prussia
|
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
|
How many Curonians were left behind after many immigrated to West Germany in 1958?
|
How many Curonians were left behind after many immigrated to West Germany in 1958?
|
[
"How many Curonians were left behind after many immigrated to West Germany in 1958?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103757
|
572a4f507a1753140016ae92
|
East_Prussia
|
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".
|
Once the German populations was removed, what three groups settled into the nothern area?
|
Once the German populations was removed, what three groups settled into the nothern area?
|
[
"Once the German populations was removed, what three groups settled into the nothern area?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103758
|
572a4f507a1753140016ae93
|
East_Prussia
|
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".
|
In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land?
|
In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land?
|
[
"In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land?"
] |
{
"text": [
"eliminating all remnants of German history"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103759
|
572a4f507a1753140016ae94
|
East_Prussia
|
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".
|
What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area?
|
What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area?
|
[
"What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area?"
] |
{
"text": [
"names were replaced by new Russian names"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103760
|
5a3c02eacc5d22001a521d22
|
East_Prussia
|
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".
|
In what year was the military zone created?
|
In what year was the military zone created?
|
[
"In what year was the military zone created?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103761
|
5a3c02eacc5d22001a521d23
|
East_Prussia
|
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".
|
In what year did Leonid Brezhnev come to power?
|
In what year did Leonid Brezhnev come to power?
|
[
"In what year did Leonid Brezhnev come to power?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103762
|
5a3c02eacc5d22001a521d24
|
East_Prussia
|
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".
|
In what year did Russia star settling ethnic Russians in the northern part?
|
In what year did Russia star settling ethnic Russians in the northern part?
|
[
"In what year did Russia star settling ethnic Russians in the northern part?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103763
|
5a3c02eacc5d22001a521d25
|
East_Prussia
|
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".
|
In what year was the new "House of the Soviets" completed?
|
In what year was the new "House of the Soviets" completed?
|
[
"In what year was the new \"House of the Soviets\" completed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103764
|
572a50227a1753140016ae98
|
East_Prussia
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?
|
What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?
|
[
"What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?"
] |
{
"text": [
"reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103765
|
572a50227a1753140016ae99
|
East_Prussia
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?
|
What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?
|
[
"What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Kaliningrad"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103766
|
572a50227a1753140016ae9a
|
East_Prussia
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?
|
How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?
|
[
"How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?"
] |
{
"text": [
"violent and aggressive"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103767
|
5a3c0417cc5d22001a521d2a
|
East_Prussia
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad?
|
In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad?
|
[
"In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103768
|
5a3c0417cc5d22001a521d2b
|
East_Prussia
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
What are examples of how the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast treatment of Germans?
|
What are examples of how the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast treatment of Germans?
|
[
"What are examples of how the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast treatment of Germans?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103769
|
5a3c0417cc5d22001a521d2c
|
East_Prussia
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
In what year did the city centre of Kaliningrad start to be rebuilt?
|
In what year did the city centre of Kaliningrad start to be rebuilt?
|
[
"In what year did the city centre of Kaliningrad start to be rebuilt?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103770
|
5a3c0417cc5d22001a521d2d
|
East_Prussia
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
In which year did the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast start to emigrate there?
|
In which year did the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast start to emigrate there?
|
[
"In which year did the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast start to emigrate there?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103771
|
572a517b7a1753140016aea6
|
East_Prussia
|
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
|
What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?
|
What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?
|
[
"What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?"
] |
{
"text": [
"schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103772
|
572a517b7a1753140016aea7
|
East_Prussia
|
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
|
What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?
|
What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?
|
[
"What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Provinzialverband"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103773
|
572a517b7a1753140016aea8
|
East_Prussia
|
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
|
What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?
|
What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?
|
[
"What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?"
] |
{
"text": [
"elected by the citizens of the provinces"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103774
|
5a3c05fccc5d22001a521d44
|
East_Prussia
|
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
|
How many representatives serve in each provincial diet?
|
How many representatives serve in each provincial diet?
|
[
"How many representatives serve in each provincial diet?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103775
|
5a3c05fccc5d22001a521d45
|
East_Prussia
|
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
|
How many Landeshauptmann are there in total?
|
How many Landeshauptmann are there in total?
|
[
"How many Landeshauptmann are there in total?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103776
|
5a3c05fccc5d22001a521d46
|
East_Prussia
|
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
|
In what specific year in the 1880s did the Landdirektor position get renamed as Landeshauptmann?
|
In what specific year in the 1880s did the Landdirektor position get renamed as Landeshauptmann?
|
[
"In what specific year in the 1880s did the Landdirektor position get renamed as Landeshauptmann?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103777
|
5a3c05fccc5d22001a521d47
|
East_Prussia
|
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
|
How are the assemblies of the urban and rural district positions filled from 1875 to 1919?
|
How are the assemblies of the urban and rural district positions filled from 1875 to 1919?
|
[
"How are the assemblies of the urban and rural district positions filled from 1875 to 1919?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103778
|
5733bd9bd058e614000b619a
|
Montana
|
Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.
|
What is the states rank in size?
|
What is the states rank in size?
|
[
"What is the states rank in size?"
] |
{
"text": [
"4th"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103779
|
5733bd9bd058e614000b619b
|
Montana
|
Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.
|
What is its rank in popularion?
|
What is its rank in popularion?
|
[
"What is its rank in popularion?"
] |
{
"text": [
"44th"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103780
|
5733bd9bd058e614000b619c
|
Montana
|
Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.
|
How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains?
|
How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains?
|
[
"How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains?"
] |
{
"text": [
"77"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103781
|
5733f0e34776f41900661573
|
Montana
|
Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.
|
Where does the state's name come from?
|
Where does the state's name come from?
|
[
"Where does the state's name come from?"
] |
{
"text": [
"from the Spanish word montaña"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103782
|
5733d7164776f4190066132e
|
Montana
|
Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird, in a 1930 vote, and the legislature acted to endorse this decision in 1931. Similarly, the secretary of state sponsored a children's vote in 1981 to choose a state animal, and after 74 animals were nominated, the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2–1 margin. The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985.
|
What year was the state tree selected?
|
What year was the state tree selected?
|
[
"What year was the state tree selected?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1908"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103783
|
5733d7164776f4190066132f
|
Montana
|
Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird, in a 1930 vote, and the legislature acted to endorse this decision in 1931. Similarly, the secretary of state sponsored a children's vote in 1981 to choose a state animal, and after 74 animals were nominated, the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2–1 margin. The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985.
|
When was the state tree actually assigned?
|
When was the state tree actually assigned?
|
[
"When was the state tree actually assigned?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103784
|
5733d7164776f41900661330
|
Montana
|
Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird, in a 1930 vote, and the legislature acted to endorse this decision in 1931. Similarly, the secretary of state sponsored a children's vote in 1981 to choose a state animal, and after 74 animals were nominated, the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2–1 margin. The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985.
|
What year was the state animal selected?
|
What year was the state animal selected?
|
[
"What year was the state animal selected?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1981"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103785
|
5733d7164776f41900661331
|
Montana
|
Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird, in a 1930 vote, and the legislature acted to endorse this decision in 1931. Similarly, the secretary of state sponsored a children's vote in 1981 to choose a state animal, and after 74 animals were nominated, the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2–1 margin. The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985.
|
What is the state animal of Montana?
|
What is the state animal of Montana?
|
[
"What is the state animal of Montana?"
] |
{
"text": [
"grizzly bear"
],
"answer_start": [
712
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103786
|
5733d7164776f41900661332
|
Montana
|
Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird, in a 1930 vote, and the legislature acted to endorse this decision in 1931. Similarly, the secretary of state sponsored a children's vote in 1981 to choose a state animal, and after 74 animals were nominated, the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2–1 margin. The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985.
|
What is the state fossil
|
What is the state fossil
|
[
"What is the state fossil"
] |
{
"text": [
"Maiasaura"
],
"answer_start": [
892
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103787
|
5733d7fd4776f41900661342
|
Montana
|
The state song was not composed until 21 years after statehood, when a musical troupe led by Joseph E. Howard stopped in Butte in September 1910. A former member of the troupe who lived in Butte buttonholed Howard at an after-show party, asking him to compose a song about Montana and got another partygoer, the city editor for the Butte Miner newspaper, Charles C. Cohan, to help. The two men worked up a basic melody and lyrics in about a half-hour for the entertainment of party guests, then finished the song later that evening, with an arrangement worked up the following day. Upon arriving in Helena, Howard's troupe performed 12 encores of the new song to an enthusiastic audience and the governor proclaimed it the state song on the spot, though formal legislative recognition did not occur until 1945. Montana is one of only three states to have a "state ballad", "Montana Melody", chosen by the legislature in 1983. Montana was the first state to also adopt a State Lullaby.
|
When was the state song composed?
|
When was the state song composed?
|
[
"When was the state song composed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1910"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103788
|
5733d858d058e614000b63c7
|
Montana
|
Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007.
|
What is Montana's motto?
|
What is Montana's motto?
|
[
"What is Montana's motto? "
] |
{
"text": [
"Oro y Plata"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103789
|
5733d858d058e614000b63c8
|
Montana
|
Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007.
|
What does Montana's motto mean?
|
What does Montana's motto mean?
|
[
"What does Montana's motto mean?"
] |
{
"text": [
"\"Gold and Silver\""
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103790
|
5733d858d058e614000b63c9
|
Montana
|
Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007.
|
When was the motto adopted?
|
When was the motto adopted?
|
[
"When was the motto adopted?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1865"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103791
|
5733d858d058e614000b63ca
|
Montana
|
Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007.
|
WHen was the state flower adopted?
|
WHen was the state flower adopted?
|
[
"WHen was the state flower adopted?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1895"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103792
|
5733d858d058e614000b63cb
|
Montana
|
Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007.
|
What is the state flower for Montana?
|
What is the state flower for Montana?
|
[
"What is the state flower for Montana?"
] |
{
"text": [
"bitterroot"
],
"answer_start": [
737
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103793
|
5733e9864776f419006614cc
|
Montana
|
The state also has five Micropolitan Statistical Areas centered on Bozeman, Butte, Helena, Kalispell and Havre. These communities, excluding Havre, are colloquially known as the "big 7" Montana cities, as they are consistently the seven largest communities in Montana, with a significant population difference when these communities are compared to those that are 8th and lower on the list. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Montana's seven most populous cities, in rank order, are Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena and Kalispell. Based on 2013 census numbers, they collectively contain 35 percent of Montana's population. and the counties containing these communities hold 62 percent of the state's population. The geographic center of population of Montana is located in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs.
|
How much of the states population does the "Big 7" have?
|
How much of the states population does the "Big 7" have?
|
[
"How much of the states population does the \"Big 7\" have?"
] |
{
"text": [
"35 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103794
|
5733eefe4776f4190066154b
|
Montana
|
Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls. These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
|
How many counties does Montana have?
|
How many counties does Montana have?
|
[
"How many counties does Montana have?"
] |
{
"text": [
"56"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103795
|
5733eefe4776f4190066154c
|
Montana
|
Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls. These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
|
What city in Montana has over 100,000 people?
|
What city in Montana has over 100,000 people?
|
[
"What city in Montana has over 100,000 people?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Billings"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103796
|
5733eefe4776f4190066154d
|
Montana
|
Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls. These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
|
What two cities have a population over 50,000?
|
What two cities have a population over 50,000?
|
[
"What two cities have a population over 50,000?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Missoula and Great Falls"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103797
|
5733f18ad058e614000b6643
|
Montana
|
The name Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña, meaning "mountain", or more broadly, "mountainous country". Montaña del Norte was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west. The name Montana was added to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories, which was chaired at the time by Rep. James Ashley of Ohio, for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. The name was successfully changed by Representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. Harding (Oregon), who complained that Montana had "no meaning". When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. This time Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name. Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and that a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Other names such as Shoshone were suggested, but it was eventually decided that the Committee on Territories could name it whatever they wanted, so the original name of Montana was adopted.
|
Where does the state's name mean?
|
Where does the state's name mean?
|
[
"Where does the state's name mean?"
] |
{
"text": [
"\"mountain\""
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103798
|
5733f18ad058e614000b6644
|
Montana
|
The name Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña, meaning "mountain", or more broadly, "mountainous country". Montaña del Norte was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west. The name Montana was added to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories, which was chaired at the time by Rep. James Ashley of Ohio, for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. The name was successfully changed by Representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. Harding (Oregon), who complained that Montana had "no meaning". When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. This time Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name. Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and that a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Other names such as Shoshone were suggested, but it was eventually decided that the Committee on Territories could name it whatever they wanted, so the original name of Montana was adopted.
|
What did the Spanish call this region?
|
What did the Spanish call this region?
|
[
"What did the Spanish call this region?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Montaña del Norte"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-103799
|
5733f5d34776f419006615bb
|
Montana
|
With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile (877 km) border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south and Idaho to the west and southwest.
|
What is the total area of Montana?
|
What is the total area of Montana?
|
[
"What is the total area of Montana?"
] |
{
"text": [
"147,040 square miles"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
}
|
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