gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-10400 | 5acf6e3a77cf76001a684e24 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884. | When did Ally Sloper last appear? | When did Ally Sloper last appear? | [
"When did Ally Sloper last appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10401 | 56e02060231d4119001abf3e | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons. | Which outlet did comic supplements find success in? | Which outlet did comic supplements find success in? | [
"Which outlet did comic supplements find success in?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York World"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10402 | 56e02060231d4119001abf3f | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons. | Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip? | Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip? | [
"Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip?"
] | {
"text": [
"Outcault's The Yellow Kid"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10403 | 5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4a | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons. | Which outlet did comic supplements fail in? | Which outlet did comic supplements fail in? | [
"Which outlet did comic supplements fail in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10404 | 5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4b | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons. | Which outlet did news supplements find success in? | Which outlet did news supplements find success in? | [
"Which outlet did news supplements find success in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10405 | 5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4c | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons. | Which outlet didn't comic supplements find success in? | Which outlet didn't comic supplements find success in? | [
"Which outlet didn't comic supplements find success in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10406 | 5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4d | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons. | Which strip had no success as a comic strip? | Which strip had no success as a comic strip? | [
"Which strip had no success as a comic strip?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10407 | 5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4e | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons. | Which strip had a good deal of success as a news article? | Which strip had a good deal of success as a news article? | [
"Which strip had a good deal of success as a news article?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10408 | 56e020e2231d4119001abf47 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | What comic strip did Bud Fisher have success with? | What comic strip did Bud Fisher have success with? | [
"What comic strip did Bud Fisher have success with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mutt and Jeff"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10409 | 56e020e2231d4119001abf49 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | When did Mutt and Jeff appear? | When did Mutt and Jeff appear? | [
"When did Mutt and Jeff appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"1907"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10410 | 56e020e2231d4119001abf4a | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | When did comic books make an appearance? | When did comic books make an appearance? | [
"When did comic books make an appearance?"
] | {
"text": [
"1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10411 | 56e020e2231d4119001abf4b | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938? | Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938? | [
"Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938?"
] | {
"text": [
"Action Comics"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10412 | 5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f66 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | What comic strip did Bud Fisher fail with? | What comic strip did Bud Fisher fail with? | [
"What comic strip did Bud Fisher fail with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10413 | 5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f67 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | What news column did Bud Fisher have success with? | What news column did Bud Fisher have success with? | [
"What news column did Bud Fisher have success with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10414 | 5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f68 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | When did Mutt and Jeff end? | When did Mutt and Jeff end? | [
"When did Mutt and Jeff end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10415 | 5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f69 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | When did news books make an appearance? | When did news books make an appearance? | [
"When did news books make an appearance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10416 | 5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f6a | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent. | Which comic book failed with its first superhero in 1938? | Which comic book failed with its first superhero in 1938? | [
"Which comic book failed with its first superhero in 1938?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10417 | 56e02191231d4119001abf52 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | Which genre of comic books had parents concerned? | Which genre of comic books had parents concerned? | [
"Which genre of comic books had parents concerned?"
] | {
"text": [
"crime and horror"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10418 | 56e02191231d4119001abf53 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | Which group was created after a Senate hearing on comic books content? | Which group was created after a Senate hearing on comic books content? | [
"Which group was created after a Senate hearing on comic books content?"
] | {
"text": [
"Comics Code Authority"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10419 | 56e02191231d4119001abf54 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | When did super heroes become popular again in comic books? | When did super heroes become popular again in comic books? | [
"When did super heroes become popular again in comic books?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
741
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10420 | 56e02191231d4119001abf55 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | When did the alternative comics movement begin? | When did the alternative comics movement begin? | [
"When did the alternative comics movement begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
938
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10421 | 5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc0 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | Which genre of comic books had children concerned? | Which genre of comic books had children concerned? | [
"Which genre of comic books had children concerned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10422 | 5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc1 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | Which genre of comic books had parents excited? | Which genre of comic books had parents excited? | [
"Which genre of comic books had parents excited?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10423 | 5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc2 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | Which group was disbanded after a Senate hearing on comic books content? | Which group was disbanded after a Senate hearing on comic books content? | [
"Which group was disbanded after a Senate hearing on comic books content?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10424 | 5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc3 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | When did super heroes lose popularity again in comic books? | When did super heroes lose popularity again in comic books? | [
"When did super heroes lose popularity again in comic books?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10425 | 5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc4 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres. | When did the alternative comics movement end? | When did the alternative comics movement end? | [
"When did the alternative comics movement end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10426 | 56e02a437aa994140058e2dd | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | Serialization of comics became less popular when? | Serialization of comics became less popular when? | [
"Serialization of comics became less popular when?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10427 | 56e02a437aa994140058e2de | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | How were comics published when serialization became less common? | How were comics published when serialization became less common? | [
"How were comics published when serialization became less common?"
] | {
"text": [
"as albums"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10428 | 56e02a437aa994140058e2df | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | Which small publisher published in formats that were not traditional? | Which small publisher published in formats that were not traditional? | [
"Which small publisher published in formats that were not traditional?"
] | {
"text": [
"L'Association"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10429 | 56e02a437aa994140058e2e1 | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | Comics continue to thrive regardless of the decrease in what market? | Comics continue to thrive regardless of the decrease in what market? | [
"Comics continue to thrive regardless of the decrease in what market?"
] | {
"text": [
"print market"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10430 | 5acf875d77cf76001a685102 | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | Serialization of comics became more popular when? | Serialization of comics became more popular when? | [
"Serialization of comics became more popular when?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10431 | 5acf875d77cf76001a685103 | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | Serialization of newspapers became less popular when? | Serialization of newspapers became less popular when? | [
"Serialization of newspapers became less popular when?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10432 | 5acf875d77cf76001a685104 | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | How were comics published when serialization became more common? | How were comics published when serialization became more common? | [
"How were comics published when serialization became more common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10433 | 5acf875d77cf76001a685105 | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | Which major publisher published in formats that were not traditional? | Which major publisher published in formats that were not traditional? | [
"Which major publisher published in formats that were not traditional?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10434 | 5acf875d77cf76001a685106 | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market. | Comics continue to decline regardless of the decrease in what market? | Comics continue to decline regardless of the decrease in what market? | [
"Comics continue to decline regardless of the decrease in what market?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10435 | 56e02acd231d4119001abf6d | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects. | What picture books from the 17th century show manga origins? | What picture books from the 17th century show manga origins? | [
"What picture books from the 17th century show manga origins?"
] | {
"text": [
"toba-e and kibyōshi picture books"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10436 | 56e02acd231d4119001abf6e | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects. | What is ukiyo-e an example of? | What is ukiyo-e an example of? | [
"What is ukiyo-e an example of?"
] | {
"text": [
"woodblock prints"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10437 | 5acf87db77cf76001a685126 | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects. | What picture books from the 16th century show manga origins? | What picture books from the 16th century show manga origins? | [
"What picture books from the 16th century show manga origins?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10438 | 5acf87db77cf76001a685127 | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects. | What picture newspapers from the 17th century show manga origins? | What picture newspapers from the 17th century show manga origins? | [
"What picture newspapers from the 17th century show manga origins?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10439 | 5acf87db77cf76001a685128 | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects. | What picture books from the 17th century don't show manga origins? | What picture books from the 17th century don't show manga origins? | [
"What picture books from the 17th century don't show manga origins?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10440 | 5acf87db77cf76001a685129 | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects. | What is ukiyo-e not an example of? | What is ukiyo-e not an example of? | [
"What is ukiyo-e not an example of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10441 | 5acf87db77cf76001a68512a | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects. | what didn't become popular between the 17th and 20th centuries? | what didn't become popular between the 17th and 20th centuries? | [
"what didn't become popular between the 17th and 20th centuries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10442 | 56e02b8d231d4119001abf75 | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | When did comic supplements start showing up in Japan? | When did comic supplements start showing up in Japan? | [
"When did comic supplements start showing up in Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"1890s"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10443 | 56e02b8d231d4119001abf76 | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | Who introduced satirical strips to Japan? | Who introduced satirical strips to Japan? | [
"Who introduced satirical strips to Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Western expatriates"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10444 | 56e02b8d231d4119001abf77 | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | When did Jiji Manga debut? | When did Jiji Manga debut? | [
"When did Jiji Manga debut?"
] | {
"text": [
"1900"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10445 | 56e02b8d231d4119001abf78 | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times? | Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times? | [
"Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rakuten Kitazawa"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10446 | 56e02b8d231d4119001abf79 | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | When did comic strips start appearing in hardback collection volumes? | When did comic strips start appearing in hardback collection volumes? | [
"When did comic strips start appearing in hardback collection volumes?"
] | {
"text": [
"1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10447 | 5acf88c177cf76001a68514a | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | When did comic supplements stop showing up in Japan? | When did comic supplements stop showing up in Japan? | [
"When did comic supplements stop showing up in Japan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10448 | 5acf88c177cf76001a68514b | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | When did comic supplements start showing up in China? | When did comic supplements start showing up in China? | [
"When did comic supplements start showing up in China?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10449 | 5acf88c177cf76001a68514c | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | Who never introduced satirical strips to Japan? | Who never introduced satirical strips to Japan? | [
"Who never introduced satirical strips to Japan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10450 | 5acf88c177cf76001a68514d | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | When did Jiji Manga end? | When did Jiji Manga end? | [
"When did Jiji Manga end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10451 | 5acf88c177cf76001a68514e | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes. | Who started the last Japanese comic strip in modern times? | Who started the last Japanese comic strip in modern times? | [
"Who started the last Japanese comic strip in modern times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10452 | 56e02d07231d4119001abf7f | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | What comic strip was created by Osamu Tezuka? | What comic strip was created by Osamu Tezuka? | [
"What comic strip was created by Osamu Tezuka?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sazae-san"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10453 | 56e02d07231d4119001abf81 | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | Where were comic strip stories first serialized? | Where were comic strip stories first serialized? | [
"Where were comic strip stories first serialized?"
] | {
"text": [
"magazines"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10454 | 56e02d07231d4119001abf82 | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | What is considered the start of the modern comics in Japan? | What is considered the start of the modern comics in Japan? | [
"What is considered the start of the modern comics in Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"after World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10455 | 5acf8a5777cf76001a68517c | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | What comic strip was ended by Osamu Tezuka? | What comic strip was ended by Osamu Tezuka? | [
"What comic strip was ended by Osamu Tezuka?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10456 | 5acf8a5777cf76001a68517d | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | What comic strip wasn't created by Osamu Tezuka? | What comic strip wasn't created by Osamu Tezuka? | [
"What comic strip wasn't created by Osamu Tezuka?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10457 | 5acf8a5777cf76001a68517e | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | Where were comic strip stories never serialized? | Where were comic strip stories never serialized? | [
"Where were comic strip stories never serialized?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10458 | 5acf8a5777cf76001a68517f | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | What is considered the end of the modern comics in Japan? | What is considered the end of the modern comics in Japan? | [
"What is considered the end of the modern comics in Japan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10459 | 5acf8a5777cf76001a685180 | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics. | What is considered the start of the ancient comics in Japan? | What is considered the start of the ancient comics in Japan? | [
"What is considered the start of the ancient comics in Japan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10460 | 56e02db6231d4119001abf8f | Comics | Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page. | Where do comics usually appear? | Where do comics usually appear? | [
"Where do comics usually appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"newspapers"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10461 | 5acf8b4b77cf76001a685196 | Comics | Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page. | Where do comics never appear? | Where do comics never appear? | [
"Where do comics never appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10462 | 5acf8b4b77cf76001a685197 | Comics | Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page. | What country do weekly strips have normally occupied a single tier? | What country do weekly strips have normally occupied a single tier? | [
"What country do weekly strips have normally occupied a single tier?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10463 | 5acf8b4b77cf76001a685198 | Comics | Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page. | What country do daily strips have abnormally occupied a single tier? | What country do daily strips have abnormally occupied a single tier? | [
"What country do daily strips have abnormally occupied a single tier?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10464 | 5acf8b4b77cf76001a685199 | Comics | Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page. | What country do daily strips have normally occupied a double tier? | What country do daily strips have normally occupied a double tier? | [
"What country do daily strips have normally occupied a double tier?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10465 | 5acf8b4b77cf76001a68519a | Comics | Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page. | while Saturday strips have been given how many tiers? | while Saturday strips have been given how many tiers? | [
"while Saturday strips have been given how many tiers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10466 | 56e02e6e231d4119001abf9a | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | Where do serialized comics in Japan typically appear? | Where do serialized comics in Japan typically appear? | [
"Where do serialized comics in Japan typically appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"magazines"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10467 | 56e02e6e231d4119001abf9b | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | How often are European serialized comics in magazines? | How often are European serialized comics in magazines? | [
"How often are European serialized comics in magazines?"
] | {
"text": [
"monthly or weekly"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10468 | 56e02e6e231d4119001abf9c | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines? | How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines? | [
"How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines?"
] | {
"text": [
"weekly"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10469 | 56e02e6e231d4119001abf9d | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | How long is the typical Japanese comic magazine? | How long is the typical Japanese comic magazine? | [
"How long is the typical Japanese comic magazine?"
] | {
"text": [
"hundreds of pages"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10470 | 5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d0 | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | Where do non-serialized comics in Japan typically appear? | Where do non-serialized comics in Japan typically appear? | [
"Where do non-serialized comics in Japan typically appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10471 | 5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d1 | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | Where do serialized comics in Japan atypically appear? | Where do serialized comics in Japan atypically appear? | [
"Where do serialized comics in Japan atypically appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10472 | 5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d2 | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | How often are American serialized comics in magazines? | How often are American serialized comics in magazines? | [
"How often are American serialized comics in magazines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10473 | 5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d3 | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | How often do serialized comics typically appear in Chinese magazines? | How often do serialized comics typically appear in Chinese magazines? | [
"How often do serialized comics typically appear in Chinese magazines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10474 | 5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d4 | Comics | Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages. | How long is the atypical Japanese comic magazine? | How long is the atypical Japanese comic magazine? | [
"How long is the atypical Japanese comic magazine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10475 | 56e02f3b7aa994140058e30d | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What are bounds volumes of comics called in America? | What are bounds volumes of comics called in America? | [
"What are bounds volumes of comics called in America?"
] | {
"text": [
"graphic novels"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10476 | 56e02f3b7aa994140058e30f | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What is the name given to Japanese comics volumes? | What is the name given to Japanese comics volumes? | [
"What is the name given to Japanese comics volumes?"
] | {
"text": [
"tankōbon"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10477 | 56e02f3b7aa994140058e310 | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What type of work is the word novel generally geared towards? | What type of work is the word novel generally geared towards? | [
"What type of work is the word novel generally geared towards?"
] | {
"text": [
"fiction"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10478 | 56e02f3b7aa994140058e311 | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of short pieces? | What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of short pieces? | [
"What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of short pieces?"
] | {
"text": [
"graphic novels"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10479 | 5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ec | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What are bounds volumes of newspapers called in America? | What are bounds volumes of newspapers called in America? | [
"What are bounds volumes of newspapers called in America?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10480 | 5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ed | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What is the name not given to Japanese comics volumes? | What is the name not given to Japanese comics volumes? | [
"What is the name not given to Japanese comics volumes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10481 | 5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ee | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What type of play is the word novel generally geared towards? | What type of play is the word novel generally geared towards? | [
"What type of play is the word novel generally geared towards?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10482 | 5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ef | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What term can mean a fiction piece of a collection of short pieces? | What term can mean a fiction piece of a collection of short pieces? | [
"What term can mean a fiction piece of a collection of short pieces?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10483 | 5acf8d1977cf76001a6851f0 | Comics | Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term "novel"—a term normally associated with fiction—"graphic novel" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tankōbon following magazine serialization. | What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of long pieces? | What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of long pieces? | [
"What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of long pieces?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10484 | 56e02fd17aa994140058e323 | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | Where did gag cartoons first make an appearance? | Where did gag cartoons first make an appearance? | [
"Where did gag cartoons first make an appearance?"
] | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10485 | 56e02fd17aa994140058e324 | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons? | When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons? | [
"When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons?"
] | {
"text": [
"1843"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10486 | 56e02fd17aa994140058e325 | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | In which publication was cartoon first used to describe gag single-panel illustrations? | In which publication was cartoon first used to describe gag single-panel illustrations? | [
"In which publication was cartoon first used to describe gag single-panel illustrations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Punch"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10487 | 5acf8d6477cf76001a68520a | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | Where did gag cartoons last make an appearance? | Where did gag cartoons last make an appearance? | [
"Where did gag cartoons last make an appearance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10488 | 5acf8d6477cf76001a68520b | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | Where did serious cartoons first make an appearance? | Where did serious cartoons first make an appearance? | [
"Where did serious cartoons first make an appearance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10489 | 5acf8d6477cf76001a68520c | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | When did serious single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons? | When did serious single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons? | [
"When did serious single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10490 | 5acf8d6477cf76001a68520d | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as comics? | When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as comics? | [
"When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as comics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10491 | 5acf8d6477cf76001a68520e | Comics | Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch. | In which publication was cartoon last used to describe gag single-panel illustrations? | In which publication was cartoon last used to describe gag single-panel illustrations? | [
"In which publication was cartoon last used to describe gag single-panel illustrations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10492 | 56e03088231d4119001abfa3 | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | What did comics have in the United States because of cultural roots? | What did comics have in the United States because of cultural roots? | [
"What did comics have in the United States because of cultural roots?"
] | {
"text": [
"lowbrow reputation"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10493 | 56e03088231d4119001abfa4 | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | Who thought pop culture was a risk? | Who thought pop culture was a risk? | [
"Who thought pop culture was a risk?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultural elites"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10494 | 56e03088231d4119001abfa6 | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write? | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write? | [
"What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write?"
] | {
"text": [
"Comics"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10495 | 5acf7fe177cf76001a684fdc | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | What did comics have in the United States because of sports roots? | What did comics have in the United States because of sports roots? | [
"What did comics have in the United States because of sports roots?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10496 | 5acf7fe177cf76001a684fdd | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | What did comics not have in the United States because of cultural roots? | What did comics not have in the United States because of cultural roots? | [
"What did comics not have in the United States because of cultural roots?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10497 | 5acf7fe177cf76001a684fde | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | Who thought pop culture wasn't at risk? | Who thought pop culture wasn't at risk? | [
"Who thought pop culture wasn't at risk?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10498 | 5acf7fe177cf76001a684fdf | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | What was thought to be bad for children and those who could not read or write? | What was thought to be bad for children and those who could not read or write? | [
"What was thought to be bad for children and those who could not read or write?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10499 | 5acf7fe177cf76001a684fe0 | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates. | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could read or write? | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could read or write? | [
"What was thought to be only good for children and those who could read or write?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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