gem_id
stringlengths 20
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| id
stringlengths 24
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| title
stringlengths 3
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| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-105800
|
5a569e7f6349e2001acdce99
|
Compact_disc
|
The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ring around the center of the disc, and rapid spinning spreads it evenly over the surface. Edge protection lacquer is applied before the disc is finished. The disc can then be printed and packed.
|
What is liquid is applied to the blank CD?
|
What is liquid is applied to the blank CD?
|
[
"What is liquid is applied to the blank CD?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105801
|
5a569e7f6349e2001acdce9a
|
Compact_disc
|
The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ring around the center of the disc, and rapid spinning spreads it evenly over the surface. Edge protection lacquer is applied before the disc is finished. The disc can then be printed and packed.
|
How much edge protection lacquer is needed for the finished disc?
|
How much edge protection lacquer is needed for the finished disc?
|
[
"How much edge protection lacquer is needed for the finished disc?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105802
|
5a569e7f6349e2001acdce9b
|
Compact_disc
|
The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ring around the center of the disc, and rapid spinning spreads it evenly over the surface. Edge protection lacquer is applied before the disc is finished. The disc can then be printed and packed.
|
How is the physical image placed on the blank CD?
|
How is the physical image placed on the blank CD?
|
[
"How is the physical image placed on the blank CD?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105803
|
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e1
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
What is the priciest component of a CD?
|
What is the priciest component of a CD?
|
[
"What is the priciest component of a CD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"jewel case"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105804
|
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e2
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
Why did the cost of audio music increase when the production costs decreased?
|
Why did the cost of audio music increase when the production costs decreased?
|
[
"Why did the cost of audio music increase when the production costs decreased?"
] |
{
"text": [
"value increased"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105805
|
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e3
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
What did CDs retail for in 1995?
|
What did CDs retail for in 1995?
|
[
"What did CDs retail for in 1995?"
] |
{
"text": [
"$16.98"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105806
|
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e4
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
Who received the most profit from the sale of CDs?
|
Who received the most profit from the sale of CDs?
|
[
"Who received the most profit from the sale of CDs?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the store"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105807
|
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e5
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
How much did a jewel case cost in 1995?
|
How much did a jewel case cost in 1995?
|
[
"How much did a jewel case cost in 1995?"
] |
{
"text": [
"30 cents"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105808
|
5a569f636349e2001acdcea0
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
Why were successive formats less expensive than their predecessors?
|
Why were successive formats less expensive than their predecessors?
|
[
"Why were successive formats less expensive than their predecessors?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105809
|
5a569f636349e2001acdcea1
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
When did Apple place MP3s on the market?
|
When did Apple place MP3s on the market?
|
[
"When did Apple place MP3s on the market?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105810
|
5a569f636349e2001acdcea2
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
What was the wholesale cost of a cassette tape?
|
What was the wholesale cost of a cassette tape?
|
[
"What was the wholesale cost of a cassette tape?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105811
|
5a569f636349e2001acdcea3
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
What was the most expensive part of an MP3?
|
What was the most expensive part of an MP3?
|
[
"What was the most expensive part of an MP3?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105812
|
5a569f636349e2001acdcea4
|
Compact_disc
|
The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.
|
What percentage of an MP3 does Apple receive?
|
What percentage of an MP3 does Apple receive?
|
[
"What percentage of an MP3 does Apple receive?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105813
|
572f696704bcaa1900d768fd
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
How long are CDs expected to last?
|
How long are CDs expected to last?
|
[
"How long are CDs expected to last?"
] |
{
"text": [
"20 to 100 years"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105814
|
572f696704bcaa1900d768fe
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
What can cause sudden disc degradation?
|
What can cause sudden disc degradation?
|
[
"What can cause sudden disc degradation?"
] |
{
"text": [
"disc rot"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105815
|
572f696704bcaa1900d768ff
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
Are CDs meant for permanent or temporary use?
|
Are CDs meant for permanent or temporary use?
|
[
"Are CDs meant for permanent or temporary use?"
] |
{
"text": [
"permanent"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105816
|
5a56a17e6349e2001acdceb6
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
What can the aluminium on a disc cause reading errors?
|
What can the aluminium on a disc cause reading errors?
|
[
"What can the aluminium on a disc cause reading errors?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105817
|
5a56a17e6349e2001acdceb7
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
Why does disc rot allow CD-Rs to last for years?
|
Why does disc rot allow CD-Rs to last for years?
|
[
"Why does disc rot allow CD-Rs to last for years?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105818
|
5a56a17e6349e2001acdceb8
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
Why are CD-Rs considered temporary?
|
Why are CD-Rs considered temporary?
|
[
"Why are CD-Rs considered temporary?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105819
|
5a56a17e6349e2001acdceb9
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
What company discovered disc rot?
|
What company discovered disc rot?
|
[
"What company discovered disc rot?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105820
|
5a56a17e6349e2001acdceba
|
Compact_disc
|
CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons.
|
What type of environment is best for a CD-R?
|
What type of environment is best for a CD-R?
|
[
"What type of environment is best for a CD-R?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105821
|
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76903
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What does SCMS stand for?
|
What does SCMS stand for?
|
[
"What does SCMS stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Serial Copy Management System"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105822
|
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76904
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What does DRM stand for?
|
What does DRM stand for?
|
[
"What does DRM stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"digital rights management"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105823
|
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76905
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What does AHRA stand for?
|
What does AHRA stand for?
|
[
"What does AHRA stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Audio Home Recording Act"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105824
|
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76906
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What type of CD is intended to be used in a Consumer audio CD Recorder?
|
What type of CD is intended to be used in a Consumer audio CD Recorder?
|
[
"What type of CD is intended to be used in a Consumer audio CD Recorder?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ReWritable Audio CD"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105825
|
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76907
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
Which is less expensive, the ReWritable Audio CD or a CD-RW?
|
Which is less expensive, the ReWritable Audio CD or a CD-RW?
|
[
"Which is less expensive, the ReWritable Audio CD or a CD-RW?"
] |
{
"text": [
"CD-RW"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105826
|
5a56ac736349e2001acdced0
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What plays standard CD-RW discs without changes?
|
What plays standard CD-RW discs without changes?
|
[
"What plays standard CD-RW discs without changes?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105827
|
5a56ac736349e2001acdced1
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What royalties does a CD-RW have?
|
What royalties does a CD-RW have?
|
[
"What royalties does a CD-RW have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105828
|
5a56ac736349e2001acdced2
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What year was the digital rights management published?
|
What year was the digital rights management published?
|
[
"What year was the digital rights management published?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105829
|
5a56ac736349e2001acdced3
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
What is the international standard for home recordings?
|
What is the international standard for home recordings?
|
[
"What is the international standard for home recordings?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105830
|
5a56ac736349e2001acdced4
|
Compact_disc
|
The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA). The ReWritable Audio CD is typically somewhat more expensive than CD-RW due to (a) lower volume and (b) a 3% AHRA royalty used to compensate the music industry for the making of a copy.
|
Why is the CD-RW more expensive than the ReWritable CD?
|
Why is the CD-RW more expensive than the ReWritable CD?
|
[
"Why is the CD-RW more expensive than the ReWritable CD?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105831
|
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f3
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
How fast could the first ReWritable CD be written?
|
How fast could the first ReWritable CD be written?
|
[
"How fast could the first ReWritable CD be written?"
] |
{
"text": [
"4x speed"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105832
|
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f4
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
Which CD has writing speeds betwen 4x and 12x?
|
Which CD has writing speeds betwen 4x and 12x?
|
[
"Which CD has writing speeds betwen 4x and 12x?"
] |
{
"text": [
"High Speed ReWritable CD"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105833
|
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f5
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
How fast can Ultra Speed+ CDs write?
|
How fast can Ultra Speed+ CDs write?
|
[
"How fast can Ultra Speed+ CDs write?"
] |
{
"text": [
"32x"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105834
|
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f6
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
How fast can Ultra Speed CDs write?
|
How fast can Ultra Speed CDs write?
|
[
"How fast can Ultra Speed CDs write?"
] |
{
"text": [
"16x to 24x"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105835
|
5a56aed56349e2001acdceda
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
What has only a 1x write speed?
|
What has only a 1x write speed?
|
[
"What has only a 1x write speed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105836
|
5a56aed56349e2001acdcedb
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
Which type of CD-RW cannot be read on a CD drive?
|
Which type of CD-RW cannot be read on a CD drive?
|
[
"Which type of CD-RW cannot be read on a CD drive?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105837
|
5a56aed56349e2001acdcedc
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
Does a High Speed CD-RW drive write faster on ReWriteable CDs or High Speed ReWritable CDs?
|
Does a High Speed CD-RW drive write faster on ReWriteable CDs or High Speed ReWritable CDs?
|
[
"Does a High Speed CD-RW drive write faster on ReWriteable CDs or High Speed ReWritable CDs?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105838
|
5a56aed56349e2001acdcedd
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
Which ReWriteable CD is most common?
|
Which ReWriteable CD is most common?
|
[
"Which ReWriteable CD is most common?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105839
|
5a56aed56349e2001acdcede
|
Compact_disc
|
Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both original ReWritable CDs and High Speed ReWritable CDs. Both types of CD-RW discs can be read in most CD drives. Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.
|
Why was the original ReWriteable CD written only at speeds faster than 4x?
|
Why was the original ReWriteable CD written only at speeds faster than 4x?
|
[
"Why was the original ReWriteable CD written only at speeds faster than 4x?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105840
|
572f6eacb2c2fd1400568109
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?
|
Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?
|
[
"Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?"
] |
{
"text": [
"on a swing arm"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105841
|
572f6eacb2c2fd140056810a
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?
|
What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?
|
[
"What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"780 nm"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105842
|
572f6eacb2c2fd140056810b
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
In what pattern is data stored on a CD?
|
In what pattern is data stored on a CD?
|
[
"In what pattern is data stored on a CD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"spiral"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105843
|
572f6eacb2c2fd140056810c
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?
|
What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?
|
[
"What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"photodiode"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105844
|
572f6eacb2c2fd140056810d
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?
|
What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?
|
[
"What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"change in height between pits and lands"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105845
|
5a567d306349e2001acdcdc4
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
How long is the swing arm?
|
How long is the swing arm?
|
[
"How long is the swing arm?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105846
|
5a567d306349e2001acdcdc5
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
How many layers of polycarbonate are there?
|
How many layers of polycarbonate are there?
|
[
"How many layers of polycarbonate are there?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105847
|
5a567d306349e2001acdcdc6
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
Why is the data arranged in a spiral pattern?
|
Why is the data arranged in a spiral pattern?
|
[
"Why is the data arranged in a spiral pattern?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105848
|
5a567d306349e2001acdcdc7
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
Where is the photodiode?
|
Where is the photodiode?
|
[
"Where is the photodiode?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105849
|
5a567d306349e2001acdcdc8
|
Compact_disc
|
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.
|
What does the width of a pit indicate?
|
What does the width of a pit indicate?
|
[
"What does the width of a pit indicate?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105850
|
572f6f8fb2c2fd1400568113
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
What type of encoding do CDs implement?
|
What type of encoding do CDs implement?
|
[
"What type of encoding do CDs implement?"
] |
{
"text": [
"non-return-to-zero"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105851
|
572f6f8fb2c2fd1400568114
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
Where can one find the encoding techniques for CDs?
|
Where can one find the encoding techniques for CDs?
|
[
"Where can one find the encoding techniques for CDs?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Red Book"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105852
|
572f6f8fb2c2fd1400568115
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
What type of result from a CD will return a one?
|
What type of result from a CD will return a one?
|
[
"What type of result from a CD will return a one?"
] |
{
"text": [
"change from pit to land or land to pit"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105853
|
572f6f8fb2c2fd1400568116
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
What type of modulation is implemented when a disc is mastered?
|
What type of modulation is implemented when a disc is mastered?
|
[
"What type of modulation is implemented when a disc is mastered?"
] |
{
"text": [
"eight-to-fourteen"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105854
|
5a56836e6349e2001acdcdce
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
How many ones are there between each zero?
|
How many ones are there between each zero?
|
[
"How many ones are there between each zero?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105855
|
5a56836e6349e2001acdcdcf
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
What decodes the eight-to-fourteen modulation?
|
What decodes the eight-to-fourteen modulation?
|
[
"What decodes the eight-to-fourteen modulation?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105856
|
5a56836e6349e2001acdcdd0
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
What is Reed-Solomon coding?
|
What is Reed-Solomon coding?
|
[
"What is Reed-Solomon coding?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105857
|
5a56836e6349e2001acdcdd1
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
Who designed the CD Digital Audio coding techniques?
|
Who designed the CD Digital Audio coding techniques?
|
[
"Who designed the CD Digital Audio coding techniques?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105858
|
5a56836e6349e2001acdcdd2
|
Compact_disc
|
The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).
|
What does a land represent?
|
What does a land represent?
|
[
"What does a land represent?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105859
|
572f7039947a6a140053c95e
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
Where can one expect to find damage on a disc?
|
Where can one expect to find damage on a disc?
|
[
"Where can one expect to find damage on a disc?"
] |
{
"text": [
"label side of the disc"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105860
|
572f7039947a6a140053c95f
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
How are scratches on a CD fixed?
|
How are scratches on a CD fixed?
|
[
"How are scratches on a CD fixed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105861
|
572f7039947a6a140053c960
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs?
|
What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs?
|
[
"What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs?"
] |
{
"text": [
"fungus Geotrichum candidum"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105862
|
572f7039947a6a140053c961
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
Where does the fungus Geotrichum candidum originate from?
|
Where does the fungus Geotrichum candidum originate from?
|
[
"Where does the fungus Geotrichum candidum originate from?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Belize"
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105863
|
5a56842a6349e2001acdcdd8
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
Where is polycarbonate plastic created?
|
Where is polycarbonate plastic created?
|
[
"Where is polycarbonate plastic created?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105864
|
5a56842a6349e2001acdcdd9
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
What are lands closer to?
|
What are lands closer to?
|
[
"What are lands closer to?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105865
|
5a56842a6349e2001acdcdda
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
How are scratches on the labeled side of a disc fixed?
|
How are scratches on the labeled side of a disc fixed?
|
[
"How are scratches on the labeled side of a disc fixed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105866
|
5a56842a6349e2001acdcddb
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
What causes edges of CDs to be incorrectly sealed?
|
What causes edges of CDs to be incorrectly sealed?
|
[
"What causes edges of CDs to be incorrectly sealed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105867
|
5a56842a6349e2001acdcddc
|
Compact_disc
|
CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.
|
Where is the metal reflective layer located?
|
Where is the metal reflective layer located?
|
[
"Where is the metal reflective layer located?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105868
|
572f7102a23a5019007fc631
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
Where is the start of data on a CD?
|
Where is the start of data on a CD?
|
[
"Where is the start of data on a CD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the center"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105869
|
572f7102a23a5019007fc632
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
What size CD is most frequently used?
|
What size CD is most frequently used?
|
[
"What size CD is most frequently used?"
] |
{
"text": [
"120 millimetres (4.7 in)"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105870
|
572f7102a23a5019007fc633
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
What is the size of a Mini CD?
|
What is the size of a Mini CD?
|
[
"What is the size of a Mini CD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Eighty-millimeter"
],
"answer_start": [
930
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105871
|
572f7102a23a5019007fc634
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
What is the size of a Maxi Single?
|
What is the size of a Maxi Single?
|
[
"What is the size of a Maxi Single?"
] |
{
"text": [
"120 mm"
],
"answer_start": [
1152
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105872
|
572f7102a23a5019007fc635
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
Who was the Sony Executive in 1980?
|
Who was the Sony Executive in 1980?
|
[
"Who was the Sony Executive in 1980?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Norio Ohga"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105873
|
5a5685066349e2001acdcde2
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
Who named the Maxi single?
|
Who named the Maxi single?
|
[
"Who named the Maxi single?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105874
|
5a5685066349e2001acdcde3
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
How many minutes does a Super Audio CD hold?
|
How many minutes does a Super Audio CD hold?
|
[
"How many minutes does a Super Audio CD hold?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105875
|
5a5685066349e2001acdcde4
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
When were Mini-CDs released?
|
When were Mini-CDs released?
|
[
"When were Mini-CDs released?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105876
|
5a5685066349e2001acdcde5
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
Why are CDs limited to one size?
|
Why are CDs limited to one size?
|
[
"Why are CDs limited to one size?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105877
|
5a5685066349e2001acdcde6
|
Compact_disc
|
The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]
|
When was the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of the Ninth Symphony created?
|
When was the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of the Ninth Symphony created?
|
[
"When was the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of the Ninth Symphony created?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105878
|
572f71df04bcaa1900d76965
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
Where does the Red Book get it's name from?
|
Where does the Red Book get it's name from?
|
[
"Where does the Red Book get it's name from?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the colour of its cover"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105879
|
572f71df04bcaa1900d76966
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
What is the formal name for a CD?
|
What is the formal name for a CD?
|
[
"What is the formal name for a CD? "
] |
{
"text": [
"Compact Disc Digital Audio"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105880
|
572f71df04bcaa1900d76967
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
Do CDs have a two or four channel format?
|
Do CDs have a two or four channel format?
|
[
"Do CDs have a two or four channel format?"
] |
{
"text": [
"two-channel"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105881
|
572f71df04bcaa1900d76968
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
What format has never been implemented on CDs?
|
What format has never been implemented on CDs?
|
[
"What format has never been implemented on CDs?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Four-channel sound"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105882
|
5a5686346349e2001acdcdec
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
What was the sampling rate for the four-channel sound?
|
What was the sampling rate for the four-channel sound?
|
[
"What was the sampling rate for the four-channel sound?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105883
|
5a5686346349e2001acdcded
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
When was four-channel sound implemented?
|
When was four-channel sound implemented?
|
[
"When was four-channel sound implemented?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105884
|
5a5686346349e2001acdcdee
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
What is the Red Book format for monaural audio?
|
What is the Red Book format for monaural audio?
|
[
"What is the Red Book format for monaural audio?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105885
|
5a5686346349e2001acdcdef
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
What is the official name of the Red Book?
|
What is the official name of the Red Book?
|
[
"What is the official name of the Red Book?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105886
|
5a5686346349e2001acdcdf0
|
Compact_disc
|
The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.
|
What is the PCM for an MP3 mono sound chanel?
|
What is the PCM for an MP3 mono sound chanel?
|
[
"What is the PCM for an MP3 mono sound chanel?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105887
|
572f72d8a23a5019007fc63b
|
Compact_disc
|
Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.
|
What is the primary use of Compact Disc + Graphics?
|
What is the primary use of Compact Disc + Graphics?
|
[
"What is the primary use of Compact Disc + Graphics?"
] |
{
"text": [
"to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105888
|
572f72d8a23a5019007fc63c
|
Compact_disc
|
Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.
|
How is graphics information read from a CD+ Graphics?
|
How is graphics information read from a CD+ Graphics?
|
[
"How is graphics information read from a CD+ Graphics?"
] |
{
"text": [
"television set or a computer monitor"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105889
|
572f72d8a23a5019007fc63d
|
Compact_disc
|
Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.
|
Which channels does the CD+G use to hold graphics data?
|
Which channels does the CD+G use to hold graphics data?
|
[
"Which channels does the CD+G use to hold graphics data?"
] |
{
"text": [
"channels R through W"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105890
|
5a5686d86349e2001acdcdfe
|
Compact_disc
|
Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.
|
Why can a CD+G not play on an audio CD player?
|
Why can a CD+G not play on an audio CD player?
|
[
"Why can a CD+G not play on an audio CD player?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105891
|
5a5686d86349e2001acdcdff
|
Compact_disc
|
Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.
|
How many bits does a normal CD use?
|
How many bits does a normal CD use?
|
[
"How many bits does a normal CD use?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105892
|
5a5686d86349e2001acdce00
|
Compact_disc
|
Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.
|
Why are CD-G players not useful for karaoke?
|
Why are CD-G players not useful for karaoke?
|
[
"Why are CD-G players not useful for karaoke?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105893
|
5a5686d86349e2001acdce01
|
Compact_disc
|
Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.
|
What channels does a normal CD use?
|
What channels does a normal CD use?
|
[
"What channels does a normal CD use?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105894
|
572f73b704bcaa1900d7696d
|
Compact_disc
|
SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.
|
How much video can a CD-R contain?
|
How much video can a CD-R contain?
|
[
"How much video can a CD-R contain?"
] |
{
"text": [
"60 minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105895
|
572f73b704bcaa1900d7696e
|
Compact_disc
|
SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.
|
Which has better resolution, a VCD or SVCD?
|
Which has better resolution, a VCD or SVCD?
|
[
"Which has better resolution, a VCD or SVCD?"
] |
{
"text": [
"SVCD"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105896
|
572f73b704bcaa1900d7696f
|
Compact_disc
|
SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.
|
How are lengthy videos fit onto SVCDs?
|
How are lengthy videos fit onto SVCDs?
|
[
"How are lengthy videos fit onto SVCDs?"
] |
{
"text": [
"lower the video bit rate"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105897
|
572f73b704bcaa1900d76970
|
Compact_disc
|
SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.
|
What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold?
|
What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold?
|
[
"What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold?"
] |
{
"text": [
"100 minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105898
|
5a56886d6349e2001acdce06
|
Compact_disc
|
SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.
|
How much can a VCD hold?
|
How much can a VCD hold?
|
[
"How much can a VCD hold?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-105899
|
5a56886d6349e2001acdce07
|
Compact_disc
|
SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.
|
Why is there a video length limit on SVCD?
|
Why is there a video length limit on SVCD?
|
[
"Why is there a video length limit on SVCD?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
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