gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-105900 | 5a56886d6349e2001acdce08 | Compact_disc | SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very... | What is the kilobit rate for a DVD? | What is the kilobit rate for a DVD? | [
"What is the kilobit rate for a DVD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105901 | 5a56886d6349e2001acdce09 | Compact_disc | SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very... | How does a VCN compare to a DVD? | How does a VCN compare to a DVD? | [
"How does a VCN compare to a DVD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105902 | 5a56886d6349e2001acdce0a | Compact_disc | SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very... | Why is it difficult to put more than 60 minutes on a DVD? | Why is it difficult to put more than 60 minutes on a DVD? | [
"Why is it difficult to put more than 60 minutes on a DVD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105903 | 572f748904bcaa1900d7697f | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | Who created Photo CDs? | Who created Photo CDs? | [
"Who created Photo CDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kodak"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105904 | 572f748904bcaa1900d76980 | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | When were Photo CDs initially released? | When were Photo CDs initially released? | [
"When were Photo CDs initially released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1992"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105905 | 572f748904bcaa1900d76981 | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | How many images could Photo CDs initially contain? | How many images could Photo CDs initially contain? | [
"How many images could Photo CDs initially contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"100"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105906 | 572f748904bcaa1900d76982 | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | What type of paper can Photo CD images be produced on? | What type of paper can Photo CD images be produced on? | [
"What type of paper can Photo CD images be produced on?"
] | {
"text": [
"photographic paper"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105907 | 572f748904bcaa1900d76983 | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | In what book are Photo CD standards defined? | In what book are Photo CD standards defined? | [
"In what book are Photo CD standards defined?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beige Book"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105908 | 5a5689d46349e2001acdce1a | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | When was the Beige Book published? | When was the Beige Book published? | [
"When was the Beige Book published?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105909 | 5a5689d46349e2001acdce1b | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | How many photos does the CD-ROM XA hold? | How many photos does the CD-ROM XA hold? | [
"How many photos does the CD-ROM XA hold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105910 | 5a5689d46349e2001acdce1c | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | Who invented CD-i Players? | Who invented CD-i Players? | [
"Who invented CD-i Players?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105911 | 5a5689d46349e2001acdce1d | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | Why can't Photo CDs work on any computer? | Why can't Photo CDs work on any computer? | [
"Why can't Photo CDs work on any computer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105912 | 5a5689d46349e2001acdce1e | Compact_disc | Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifica... | When was the Kodak Picture CD released? | When was the Kodak Picture CD released? | [
"When was the Kodak Picture CD released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105913 | 572f757a04bcaa1900d76993 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | When did record companies first attempt to protect their CDs from copying? | When did record companies first attempt to protect their CDs from copying? | [
"When did record companies first attempt to protect their CDs from copying?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105914 | 572f757a04bcaa1900d76994 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | Who said that protected CDs are not allowed to carry the CDDA logo? | Who said that protected CDs are not allowed to carry the CDDA logo? | [
"Who said that protected CDs are not allowed to carry the CDDA logo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philips"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105915 | 572f757a04bcaa1900d76995 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | Where does the Red Book mention copy protection? | Where does the Red Book mention copy protection? | [
"Where does the Red Book mention copy protection?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the subcode"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105916 | 5a56b1046349e2001acdcee4 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | When was the "anti-copy" subcode written in the Red Book? | When was the "anti-copy" subcode written in the Red Book? | [
"When was the \"anti-copy\" subcode written in the Red Book?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105917 | 5a56b1046349e2001acdcee5 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | Who created the anti-protection systems software? | Who created the anti-protection systems software? | [
"Who created the anti-protection systems software?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105918 | 5a56b1046349e2001acdcee6 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | When was the Compact Disc Digital Audio logo copyrighted? | When was the Compact Disc Digital Audio logo copyrighted? | [
"When was the Compact Disc Digital Audio logo copyrighted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105919 | 5a56b1046349e2001acdcee7 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | What devices do standard CDs not play on? | What devices do standard CDs not play on? | [
"What devices do standard CDs not play on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105920 | 5a56b1046349e2001acdcee8 | Compact_disc | The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple "anti-copy" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market "copy-protected" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or ... | Why does Philips want non-standard discs to have the trademarked logo? | Why does Philips want non-standard discs to have the trademarked logo? | [
"Why does Philips want non-standard discs to have the trademarked logo?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105921 | 56e073cb7aa994140058e4ea | Space_Race | The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke... | On what date did the Space Race begin? | On what date did the Space Race begin? | [
"On what date did the Space Race begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 2, 1955"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105922 | 56e073cb7aa994140058e4eb | Space_Race | The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke... | Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date? | Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date? | [
"Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 4, 1957"
],
"answer_start": [
990
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105923 | 56e073cb7aa994140058e4ec | Space_Race | The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke... | Who was the first person in space? | Who was the first person in space? | [
"Who was the first person in space?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yuri Gagarin"
],
"answer_start": [
1080
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105924 | 56e073cb7aa994140058e4ed | Space_Race | The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke... | What was the date that the first human reached space? | What was the date that the first human reached space? | [
"What was the date that the first human reached space?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 12, 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
1097
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105925 | 56e0796b231d4119001ac197 | Space_Race | The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets... | Which war in history did the Space Race begin to take root? | Which war in history did the Space Race begin to take root? | [
"Which war in history did the Space Race begin to take root?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105926 | 56e0796b231d4119001ac199 | Space_Race | The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets... | A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year? | A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year? | [
"A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1932"
],
"answer_start": [
918
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105927 | 56e079e87aa994140058e541 | Space_Race | During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program. They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which becam... | During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program? | During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program? | [
"During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Dornberger"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105928 | 56e079e87aa994140058e542 | Space_Race | During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program. They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which becam... | What was the first object to enter space? | What was the first object to enter space? | [
"What was the first object to enter space?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105929 | 56e079e87aa994140058e543 | Space_Race | During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program. They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which becam... | When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space? | When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space? | [
"When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space?"
] | {
"text": [
"1942 and 1943"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105930 | 56e07a467aa994140058e549 | Space_Race | At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefi... | What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun? | What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun? | [
"What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun?"
] | {
"text": [
"Operation Paperclip"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105931 | 56e07a467aa994140058e54a | Space_Race | At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefi... | The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip? | The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip? | [
"The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip?"
] | {
"text": [
"V2 rockets"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105932 | 56e07b187aa994140058e54d | Space_Race | The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems. The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Koro... | The German rocket center was located in what city? | The German rocket center was located in what city? | [
"The German rocket center was located in what city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peenemünde"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105933 | 56e07b187aa994140058e54e | Space_Race | The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems. The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Koro... | Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany? | Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany? | [
"Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sergei Korolev"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105934 | 56e07b187aa994140058e54f | Space_Race | The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems. The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Koro... | What year was Sergei Korolev arrested? | What year was Sergei Korolev arrested? | [
"What year was Sergei Korolev arrested?"
] | {
"text": [
"1938"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105935 | 56e07b187aa994140058e550 | Space_Race | The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems. The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Koro... | Sergei Korolev died in what year? | Sergei Korolev died in what year? | [
"Sergei Korolev died in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1966"
],
"answer_start": [
820
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105936 | 56e07b187aa994140058e551 | Space_Race | The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems. The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Koro... | After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title? | After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title? | [
"After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title?"
] | {
"text": [
"USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105937 | 56e07b847aa994140058e559 | Space_Race | After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to... | What year was the R1 rocket born? | What year was the R1 rocket born? | [
"What year was the R1 rocket born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1948"
],
"answer_start": [
792
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105938 | 56e07bc7231d4119001ac1c3 | Space_Race | The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He also started developing liquid-fueled rockets in 1921; yet he had not bee... | What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914? | What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914? | [
"What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robert H. Goddard"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105939 | 56e07bc7231d4119001ac1c4 | Space_Race | The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He also started developing liquid-fueled rockets in 1921; yet he had not bee... | Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year? | Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year? | [
"Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1921"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105940 | 56e084b77aa994140058e595 | Space_Race | Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer s... | The United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where? | The United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where? | [
"The United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Mexico"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105941 | 56e084b77aa994140058e596 | Space_Race | Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer s... | Von Braun and his associates were sent to United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year? | Von Braun and his associates were sent to United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year? | [
"Von Braun and his associates were sent to United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1945"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105942 | 56e084b77aa994140058e597 | Space_Race | Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer s... | The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year? | The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year? | [
"The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105943 | 56e084b77aa994140058e598 | Space_Race | Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer s... | The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state? | The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state? | [
"The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Huntsville, Alabama"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105944 | 56e084b77aa994140058e599 | Space_Race | Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer s... | What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama? | What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama? | [
"What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama?"
] | {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105945 | 56e08587231d4119001ac24f | Space_Race | In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i... | What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb? | What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb? | [
"What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb?"
] | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105946 | 56e08587231d4119001ac250 | Space_Race | In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i... | What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War? | What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War? | [
"What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?"
] | {
"text": [
"the hydrogen bomb"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105947 | 56e08587231d4119001ac251 | Space_Race | In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i... | ICBMs is an abbreviation for what? | ICBMs is an abbreviation for what? | [
"ICBMs is an abbreviation for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105948 | 56e08587231d4119001ac252 | Space_Race | In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i... | The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force? | The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force? | [
"The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?"
] | {
"text": [
"Strategic Air Command"
],
"answer_start": [
1220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105949 | 56e08587231d4119001ac253 | Space_Race | In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i... | During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US? | During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US? | [
"During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"1950s"
],
"answer_start": [
837
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105950 | 56e08680231d4119001ac26b | Space_Race | For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha... | How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII? | How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII? | [
"How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII?"
] | {
"text": [
"27 million"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105951 | 56e08680231d4119001ac26c | Space_Race | For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha... | The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year? | The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year? | [
"The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105952 | 56e08680231d4119001ac26d | Space_Race | For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha... | Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb? | Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb? | [
"Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb?"
] | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105953 | 56e08680231d4119001ac26e | Space_Race | For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha... | In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs? | In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs? | [
"In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs?"
] | {
"text": [
"1947"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105954 | 56e08680231d4119001ac26f | Space_Race | For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha... | What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union? | What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union? | [
"What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"air force"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105955 | 56e087477aa994140058e5b8 | Space_Race | In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was succ... | Who began developing the R-7 Semyorka rocket? | Who began developing the R-7 Semyorka rocket? | [
"Who began developing the R-7 Semyorka rocket?"
] | {
"text": [
"Korolev"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105956 | 56e087477aa994140058e5b9 | Space_Race | In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was succ... | R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile? | R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile? | [
" R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?"
] | {
"text": [
"German G-4"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105957 | 56e087477aa994140058e5ba | Space_Race | In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was succ... | When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully? | When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully? | [
"When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 21, 1957"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105958 | 56e087477aa994140058e5bb | Space_Race | In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was succ... | The first satellite launched into space used what rocket? | The first satellite launched into space used what rocket? | [
"The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?"
] | {
"text": [
"R-7 Semyorka rocket"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105959 | 56e087e6231d4119001ac275 | Space_Race | The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w... | The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year? | The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year? | [
"The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1945"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105960 | 56e087e6231d4119001ac276 | Space_Race | The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w... | What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force? | What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force? | [
"What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force?"
] | {
"text": [
"MX-774"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105961 | 56e087e6231d4119001ac277 | Space_Race | The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w... | The MX-774 was tested in what year? | The MX-774 was tested in what year? | [
"The MX-774 was tested in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1947"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105962 | 56e087e6231d4119001ac278 | Space_Race | The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w... | The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where? | The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where? | [
"The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cape Canaveral"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105963 | 56e087e6231d4119001ac279 | Space_Race | The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w... | The Atlas-A first launched on what date? | The Atlas-A first launched on what date? | [
"The Atlas-A first launched on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 11, 1957"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105964 | 56e088c6231d4119001ac280 | Space_Race | In 1955, with both the United States and the Soviet Union building ballistic missiles that could be utilized to launch objects into space, the "starting line" was drawn for the Space Race. In separate announcements, just four days apart, both nations publicly announced that they would launch artificial Earth satellites... | Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary? | Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary? | [
"Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary?"
] | {
"text": [
"James C. Hagerty"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105965 | 56e088c6231d4119001ac281 | Space_Race | In 1955, with both the United States and the Soviet Union building ballistic missiles that could be utilized to launch objects into space, the "starting line" was drawn for the Space Race. In separate announcements, just four days apart, both nations publicly announced that they would launch artificial Earth satellites... | The starting date for the Space Race was which date? | The starting date for the Space Race was which date? | [
"The starting date for the Space Race was which date?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 30, 1955"
],
"answer_start": [
902
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105966 | 56e0893c7aa994140058e5d5 | Space_Race | Initially, President Eisenhower was worried that a satellite passing above a nation at over 100 kilometers (62 mi), might be construed as violating that nation's sovereign airspace. He was concerned that the Soviet Union would accuse the Americans of an illegal overflight, thereby scoring a propaganda victory at his ex... | A Jupiter-C was launched by Von Braum on what date? | A Jupiter-C was launched by Von Braum on what date? | [
"A Jupiter-C was launched by Von Braum on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 20, 1956"
],
"answer_start": [
1012
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105967 | 56e0bc7b231d4119001ac363 | Space_Race | The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ... | The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what? | The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what? | [
"The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vanguard"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105968 | 56e0bc7b231d4119001ac364 | Space_Race | The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ... | Project Vanguard launch failed on what date? | Project Vanguard launch failed on what date? | [
"Project Vanguard launch failed on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 6, 195"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105969 | 56e0bc7b231d4119001ac365 | Space_Race | The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ... | Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state? | Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state? | [
"Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Florida"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105970 | 56e0bc7b231d4119001ac366 | Space_Race | The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ... | in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched? | in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched? | [
"in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jupiter-C rocket"
],
"answer_start": [
854
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105971 | 56e0e8b47aa994140058e79b | Space_Race | On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micromet... | The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date? | The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date? | [
"The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 31, 1958"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105972 | 56e0e8b47aa994140058e79d | Space_Race | On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micromet... | The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements? | The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements? | [
"The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?"
] | {
"text": [
"cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites"
],
"answer_start": [
916
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105973 | 56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a1 | Space_Race | On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut... | Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958? | Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958? | [
"Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lyndon B. Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105974 | 56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a2 | Space_Race | On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut... | The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year? | The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year? | [
"The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1958"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105975 | 56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a3 | Space_Race | On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut... | What was NASA called before it became NASA? | What was NASA called before it became NASA? | [
"What was NASA called before it became NASA?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105976 | 56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a4 | Space_Race | On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut... | The first US satellite was launched on what date? | The first US satellite was launched on what date? | [
"The first US satellite was launched on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 2, 1958"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105977 | 56e0e9887aa994140058e7ab | Space_Race | On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA. On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von Braun as its first director. Development of the Saturn rocket family, which when mature, would finally give... | The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when? | The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when? | [
"The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 1, 1960"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105978 | 56e0e9887aa994140058e7ac | Space_Race | On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA. On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von Braun as its first director. Development of the Saturn rocket family, which when mature, would finally give... | Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center? | Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center? | [
"Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center?"
] | {
"text": [
"von Braun"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105979 | 56e0ea497aa994140058e7af | Space_Race | In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T... | How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching? | How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching? | [
"How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching?"
] | {
"text": [
"4"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105980 | 56e0ea497aa994140058e7b0 | Space_Race | In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T... | The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year? | The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year? | [
"The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1959"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105981 | 56e0ea497aa994140058e7b2 | Space_Race | In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T... | Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon? | Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon? | [
"Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Luna 3"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105982 | 56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7b9 | Space_Race | The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t... | The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization? | The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization? | [
"The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105983 | 56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7ba | Space_Race | The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t... | The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what? | The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what? | [
"The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ranger 4"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105984 | 56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7bb | Space_Race | The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t... | The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one? | The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one? | [
"The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one?"
] | {
"text": [
"Block III Ranger 7"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105985 | 56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7bc | Space_Race | The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t... | The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date? | The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date? | [
"The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 31, 1964"
],
"answer_start": [
740
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105986 | 56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7bd | Space_Race | The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t... | What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program? | What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program? | [
"What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program?"
] | {
"text": [
"Luna"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105987 | 56e0eb947aa994140058e7c3 | Space_Race | By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.... | Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961? | Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961? | [
"Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?"
] | {
"text": [
"the USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105988 | 56e0eb947aa994140058e7c4 | Space_Race | By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.... | The first ship to carry a human through space was called what? | The first ship to carry a human through space was called what? | [
"The first ship to carry a human through space was called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vostok 1"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105989 | 56e0eb947aa994140058e7c5 | Space_Race | By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.... | How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft? | How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft? | [
"How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?"
] | {
"text": [
"108 minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
812
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105990 | 56e0ebdb231d4119001ac44a | Space_Race | Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in ... | April 12, in the USSR, is what special day? | April 12, in the USSR, is what special day? | [
"April 12, in the USSR, is what special day?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cosmonautics Day"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105991 | 56e0ebdb231d4119001ac44b | Space_Race | Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in ... | What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations? | What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations? | [
"What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105992 | 56e0f1b27aa994140058e7e5 | Space_Race | The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA... | Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization? | Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization? | [
"Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"US Air Force"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105993 | 56e0f1b27aa994140058e7e6 | Space_Race | The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA... | Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958? | Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958? | [
"Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?"
] | {
"text": [
"Project Mercury"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105994 | 56e0f229231d4119001ac4b2 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | The first American to travel into space was whom? | The first American to travel into space was whom? | [
"The first American to travel into space was whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alan Shepard"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105995 | 56e0f229231d4119001ac4b3 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space? | When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space? | [
"When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 5, 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105996 | 56e0f229231d4119001ac4b4 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what? | The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what? | [
"The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Freedom 7"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105997 | 56e0f229231d4119001ac4b5 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom? | The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom? | [
"The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alan Shepard"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105998 | 56e0f229231d4119001ac4b6 | Space_Race | Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock... | Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal? | Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal? | [
"Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal?"
] | {
"text": [
"John F. Kennedy"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105999 | 56e0f281231d4119001ac4bc | Space_Race | Gagarin's flight changed this; now Kennedy sensed the humiliation and fear on the part of the American public over the Soviet lead. He sent a memo dated April 20, 1961, to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking him to look into the state of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportun... | President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program? | President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program? | [
"President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
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