gem_id
stringlengths 20
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| id
stringlengths 24
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| title
stringlengths 3
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| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
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| target
stringlengths 1
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| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-109400
|
56dddf3066d3e219004dad59
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
In what year did the Netherlands gain independence from France?
|
In what year did the Netherlands gain independence from France?
|
[
"In what year did the Netherlands gain independence from France?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1813"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109401
|
56dddf3066d3e219004dad5a
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?
|
What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?
|
[
"What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?"
] |
{
"text": [
"\"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" and \"United Netherlands\""
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109402
|
56dddf3066d3e219004dad5b
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed by which countries?
|
The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed by which countries?
|
[
"The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed by which countries?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109403
|
5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06ee9
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
When did Belgium regain independence from France?
|
When did Belgium regain independence from France?
|
[
"When did Belgium regain independence from France?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109404
|
5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eea
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
What names were Luxembourg known by in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?
|
What names were Luxembourg known by in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?
|
[
"What names were Luxembourg known by in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109405
|
5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eeb
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
What kingdom created a buffer state north of Belgium?
|
What kingdom created a buffer state north of Belgium?
|
[
"What kingdom created a buffer state north of Belgium?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109406
|
5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eec
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
What happened to the Kingdom of the United Netherlands after France became independent?
|
What happened to the Kingdom of the United Netherlands after France became independent?
|
[
"What happened to the Kingdom of the United Netherlands after France became independent?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109407
|
5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eed
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.
|
What did the Southern provinces treaty accomplish for the Netherlands?
|
What did the Southern provinces treaty accomplish for the Netherlands?
|
[
"What did the Southern provinces treaty accomplish for the Netherlands?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109408
|
56dddfe89a695914005b9632
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.
|
The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time?
|
The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time?
|
[
"The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Dutch Golden Age"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109409
|
56dddfe89a695914005b9633
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.
|
What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world during the 17th century?
|
What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world during the 17th century?
|
[
"What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world during the 17th century?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The County of Holland"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109410
|
5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef3
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.
|
When did the country of Holland dominate world trade?
|
When did the country of Holland dominate world trade?
|
[
"When did the country of Holland dominate world trade?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109411
|
5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef4
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.
|
What was the status of the Dutch Golden Age compared to the world?
|
What was the status of the Dutch Golden Age compared to the world?
|
[
"What was the status of the Dutch Golden Age compared to the world?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109412
|
5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef5
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.
|
During the 17th century what did Holland conquer?
|
During the 17th century what did Holland conquer?
|
[
"During the 17th century what did Holland conquer?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109413
|
5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef6
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.
|
What kind of fleet did Holland have in the 17th century?
|
What kind of fleet did Holland have in the 17th century?
|
[
"What kind of fleet did Holland have in the 17th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109414
|
5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef7
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.
|
What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized?
|
What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized?
|
[
"What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109415
|
56dde17c66d3e219004dad85
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
When was the stock exchange founded in the Netherlands?
|
When was the stock exchange founded in the Netherlands?
|
[
"When was the stock exchange founded in the Netherlands?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1602"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109416
|
56dde17c66d3e219004dad86
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
Which city in the Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange?
|
Which city in the Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange?
|
[
"Which city in the Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Rotterdam"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109417
|
56dde17c66d3e219004dad87
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
The Dutch East-India Company inhabited how many cities?
|
The Dutch East-India Company inhabited how many cities?
|
[
"The Dutch East-India Company inhabited how many cities?"
] |
{
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109418
|
56dde17c66d3e219004dad88
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
Which city did the Dutch East-India Company decide to reside in after a court decided they could legally only operate in one city?
|
Which city did the Dutch East-India Company decide to reside in after a court decided they could legally only operate in one city?
|
[
"Which city did the Dutch East-India Company decide to reside in after a court decided they could legally only operate in one city?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Amsterdam"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109419
|
5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06efd
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
When was the oldest stock exchange founded in England?
|
When was the oldest stock exchange founded in England?
|
[
"When was the oldest stock exchange founded in England?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109420
|
5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06efe
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
What court founded the stock exchange in the Netherlands?
|
What court founded the stock exchange in the Netherlands?
|
[
"What court founded the stock exchange in the Netherlands?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109421
|
5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06eff
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
Where did the spirit of the time evolve?
|
Where did the spirit of the time evolve?
|
[
"Where did the spirit of the time evolve?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109422
|
5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06f00
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
Who adopted the modern trading principles that stimulated their economy?
|
Who adopted the modern trading principles that stimulated their economy?
|
[
"Who adopted the modern trading principles that stimulated their economy?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109423
|
5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06f01
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.
|
How many cities did the Low Countries inhabit?
|
How many cities did the Low Countries inhabit?
|
[
"How many cities did the Low Countries inhabit?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109424
|
56dde2609a695914005b964a
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time?
|
The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time?
|
[
"The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1590–1712"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109425
|
56dde2609a695914005b964b
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations?
|
The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations?
|
[
"The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Africa and the Pacific"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109426
|
56dde2609a695914005b964c
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?
|
What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?
|
[
"What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?"
] |
{
"text": [
"breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109427
|
5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f07
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
From what location did the Portugese operate a slave trade?
|
From what location did the Portugese operate a slave trade?
|
[
"From what location did the Portugese operate a slave trade?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109428
|
5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f08
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
When did the Portugese have a strong and fast navy?
|
When did the Portugese have a strong and fast navy?
|
[
"When did the Portugese have a strong and fast navy?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109429
|
5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f09
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient?
|
What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient?
|
[
"What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109430
|
5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f0a
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
Where was the Dutch navy located?
|
Where was the Dutch navy located?
|
[
"Where was the Dutch navy located?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109431
|
5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f0b
|
Dutch_Republic
|
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
|
During what time period did Africa break Portugese influence?
|
During what time period did Africa break Portugese influence?
|
[
"During what time period did Africa break Portugese influence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109432
|
56dde4699a695914005b9666
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
The Dutch Republic consisted of how many provinces?
|
The Dutch Republic consisted of how many provinces?
|
[
"The Dutch Republic consisted of how many provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109433
|
56dde4699a695914005b9667
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
Who were the Generality Lands governed by?
|
Who were the Generality Lands governed by?
|
[
"Who were the Generality Lands governed by?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109434
|
56dde4699a695914005b9668
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
The States General was made up of what?
|
The States General was made up of what?
|
[
"The States General was made up of what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"representatives of each of the seven provinces"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109435
|
5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f11
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
In what order was The Hague arranged?
|
In what order was The Hague arranged?
|
[
"In what order was The Hague arranged?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109436
|
5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f12
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
What was a confederation of the federal government?
|
What was a confederation of the federal government?
|
[
"What was a confederation of the federal government?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109437
|
5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f13
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
How many governments did the Dutch Republic consist of?
|
How many governments did the Dutch Republic consist of?
|
[
"How many governments did the Dutch Republic consist of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109438
|
5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f14
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
What was the feudal order made up of?
|
What was the feudal order made up of?
|
[
"What was the feudal order made up of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109439
|
5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f15
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
|
Where was the federal government seated?
|
Where was the federal government seated?
|
[
"Where was the federal government seated?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109440
|
56dde54066d3e219004dadb3
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
What was the 8th province of the Dutch Republic?
|
What was the 8th province of the Dutch Republic?
|
[
"What was the 8th province of the Dutch Republic?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the County of Drenthe"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109441
|
56dde54066d3e219004dadb4
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
Why was the County of Drenthe denied representation by the States General?
|
Why was the County of Drenthe denied representation by the States General?
|
[
"Why was the County of Drenthe denied representation by the States General?"
] |
{
"text": [
"this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109442
|
56dde54066d3e219004dadb5
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
The main executive official of the Provincial States was called what?
|
The main executive official of the Provincial States was called what?
|
[
"The main executive official of the Provincial States was called what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"raadspensionaris"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109443
|
56dde54066d3e219004dadb6
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
Who had more power during times of war than the raadspensionaris?
|
Who had more power during times of war than the raadspensionaris?
|
[
"Who had more power during times of war than the raadspensionaris?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the stadtholder"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109444
|
56dde54066d3e219004dadb7
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
Who commanded the army?
|
Who commanded the army?
|
[
"Who commanded the army?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the stadtholder"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109445
|
5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1b
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
What was the State General exempt from?
|
What was the State General exempt from?
|
[
"What was the State General exempt from?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109446
|
5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1c
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
What was the stateholder denied by its tax exemption?
|
What was the stateholder denied by its tax exemption?
|
[
"What was the stateholder denied by its tax exemption?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109447
|
5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1d
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
What was each raadspensionaris governed by?
|
What was each raadspensionaris governed by?
|
[
"What was each raadspensionaris governed by?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109448
|
5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1e
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have?
|
In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have?
|
[
"In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109449
|
5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1f
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris.
|
Who commanded the representation in the States General?
|
Who commanded the representation in the States General?
|
[
"Who commanded the representation in the States General?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109450
|
56dde72f66d3e219004dadbd
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
Who appointed the stadtholders?
|
Who appointed the stadtholders?
|
[
"Who appointed the stadtholders?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the states of each province"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109451
|
56dde72f66d3e219004dadbe
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces?
|
Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces?
|
[
"Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109452
|
56dde72f66d3e219004dadbf
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
Which states had the same stadtholder as Holland?
|
Which states had the same stadtholder as Holland?
|
[
"Which states had the same stadtholder as Holland?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Zeeland and usually Utrecht"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109453
|
5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f25
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
What are two things that define the princes in theory?
|
What are two things that define the princes in theory?
|
[
"What are two things that define the princes in theory?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109454
|
5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f26
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
Who appointed the princes of Orange?
|
Who appointed the princes of Orange?
|
[
"Who appointed the princes of Orange?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109455
|
5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f27
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
Who had the same princes as Holland?
|
Who had the same princes as Holland?
|
[
"Who had the same princes as Holland?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109456
|
5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f28
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht?
|
Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht?
|
[
"Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109457
|
5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f29
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
What were Zeeland and Utrecht always chosen as?
|
What were Zeeland and Utrecht always chosen as?
|
[
"What were Zeeland and Utrecht always chosen as?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109458
|
56dde7cc66d3e219004dadcd
|
Dutch_Republic
|
There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure.
|
What group of people supported the stadtholders, particularly the princes of Orange?
|
What group of people supported the stadtholders, particularly the princes of Orange?
|
[
"What group of people supported the stadtholders, particularly the princes of Orange?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Orangists"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109459
|
56dde7cc66d3e219004dadce
|
Dutch_Republic
|
There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure.
|
Who wanted to replace the stadtholders with a republican structure?
|
Who wanted to replace the stadtholders with a republican structure?
|
[
"Who wanted to replace the stadtholders with a republican structure?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Republicans"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109460
|
5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f2f
|
Dutch_Republic
|
There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure.
|
What did the Orangists want to replace in the power struggle?
|
What did the Orangists want to replace in the power struggle?
|
[
"What did the Orangists want to replace in the power struggle?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109461
|
5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f30
|
Dutch_Republic
|
There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure.
|
What conflict was there between the stadtholders and the Orangists?
|
What conflict was there between the stadtholders and the Orangists?
|
[
"What conflict was there between the stadtholders and the Orangists?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109462
|
5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f31
|
Dutch_Republic
|
There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure.
|
What currently used system of governance did the Republicans want to protect?
|
What currently used system of governance did the Republicans want to protect?
|
[
"What currently used system of governance did the Republicans want to protect?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109463
|
5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f32
|
Dutch_Republic
|
There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure.
|
What did the stadtholders hope to replace the current system with?
|
What did the stadtholders hope to replace the current system with?
|
[
"What did the stadtholders hope to replace the current system with?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109464
|
5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f33
|
Dutch_Republic
|
There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure.
|
What was the nature of the true republican structure?
|
What was the nature of the true republican structure?
|
[
"What was the nature of the true republican structure?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109465
|
56dde8ce66d3e219004dadd9
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
Several border territories were designated to the United Provinces after what?
|
Several border territories were designated to the United Provinces after what?
|
[
"Several border territories were designated to the United Provinces after what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Peace of Westphalia"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109466
|
56dde8ce66d3e219004dadda
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
The border territories assigned to the United Provinces were known as what?
|
The border territories assigned to the United Provinces were known as what?
|
[
"The border territories assigned to the United Provinces were known as what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden)"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109467
|
56dde8ce66d3e219004daddb
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
What were the names of the border territories assigned to the United Provinces?
|
What were the names of the border territories assigned to the United Provinces?
|
[
"What were the names of the border territories assigned to the United Provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715)"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109468
|
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f39
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
In 1715 what was assigned to the United Provinces?
|
In 1715 what was assigned to the United Provinces?
|
[
"In 1715 what was assigned to the United Provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109469
|
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3a
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
What was the Maastricht assigned to the United Provinces known as?
|
What was the Maastricht assigned to the United Provinces known as?
|
[
"What was the Maastricht assigned to the United Provinces known as?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109470
|
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3b
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
What is one name of a Staats-Brabant assigned to the United Provinces?
|
What is one name of a Staats-Brabant assigned to the United Provinces?
|
[
"What is one name of a Staats-Brabant assigned to the United Provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109471
|
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3c
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
When were several border territories assigned to the Staats-Oppergelre?
|
When were several border territories assigned to the Staats-Oppergelre?
|
[
"When were several border territories assigned to the Staats-Oppergelre?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109472
|
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3d
|
Dutch_Republic
|
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
|
What was federally-governed Maastricht?
|
What was federally-governed Maastricht?
|
[
"What was federally-governed Maastricht?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109473
|
56dde98866d3e219004daded
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.
|
Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)?
|
Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)?
|
[
"Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The States General of the United Provinces"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109474
|
56dde98866d3e219004dadee
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.
|
Some shipping expeditions were mostly initiated by which provinces?
|
Some shipping expeditions were mostly initiated by which provinces?
|
[
"Some shipping expeditions were mostly initiated by which provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Holland and/or Zeeland"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109475
|
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f43
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.
|
What companies were the shipping expedition in control of?
|
What companies were the shipping expedition in control of?
|
[
"What companies were the shipping expedition in control of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109476
|
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f44
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.
|
What group was in control of Holland and Zeeland?
|
What group was in control of Holland and Zeeland?
|
[
"What group was in control of Holland and Zeeland?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109477
|
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f45
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.
|
What did the VOC and WIC initiate?
|
What did the VOC and WIC initiate?
|
[
"What did the VOC and WIC initiate?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109478
|
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f46
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.
|
What were Holland and Zeeland in control of?
|
What were Holland and Zeeland in control of?
|
[
"What were Holland and Zeeland in control of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109479
|
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f47
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.
|
What endeavor was started by the VOC and the WIC?
|
What endeavor was started by the VOC and the WIC?
|
[
"What endeavor was started by the VOC and the WIC?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109480
|
56ddecfe66d3e219004dae17
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces?
|
Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces?
|
[
"Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The framers of the US Constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109481
|
56ddecfe66d3e219004dae18
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
Who described the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war."
|
Who described the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war."
|
[
"Who described the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting \"Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war.\""
] |
{
"text": [
"James Madison"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109482
|
56ddecfe66d3e219004dae19
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
The American Declaration of Independence is similar to what?
|
The American Declaration of Independence is similar to what?
|
[
"The American Declaration of Independence is similar to what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109483
|
5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4d
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
Who was influenced by the Act of Abjuration?
|
Who was influenced by the Act of Abjuration?
|
[
"Who was influenced by the Act of Abjuration?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109484
|
5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4e
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
What shows the framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Dutch confederacy?
|
What shows the framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Dutch confederacy?
|
[
"What shows the framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Dutch confederacy?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109485
|
5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4f
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show?
|
What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show?
|
[
"What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109486
|
5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f50
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
What is similar to the Federalist No. 20?
|
What is similar to the Federalist No. 20?
|
[
"What is similar to the Federalist No. 20?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109487
|
5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f51
|
Dutch_Republic
|
The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.
|
What type of influence did peculiar calamities of war have on the framers of the US constitution?
|
What type of influence did peculiar calamities of war have on the framers of the US constitution?
|
[
"What type of influence did peculiar calamities of war have on the framers of the US constitution?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109488
|
56ddee0866d3e219004dae1d
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?
|
What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?
|
[
"What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109489
|
56ddee0866d3e219004dae1e
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
What did the Union state that every person should be free to choose?
|
What did the Union state that every person should be free to choose?
|
[
"What did the Union state that every person should be free to choose?"
] |
{
"text": [
"personal religion"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109490
|
56ddee0866d3e219004dae1f
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?
|
Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?
|
[
"Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?"
] |
{
"text": [
"William of Orange"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109491
|
56ddee0866d3e219004dae20
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
What was forbidden in all provinces?
|
What was forbidden in all provinces?
|
[
"What was forbidden in all provinces?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Catholic services"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109492
|
5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f57
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
When was every other province only permitted to accept Calvinism in practice?
|
When was every other province only permitted to accept Calvinism in practice?
|
[
"When was every other province only permitted to accept Calvinism in practice?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109493
|
5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f58
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
How did William of Orange hope to unite Holland and Zeeland?
|
How did William of Orange hope to unite Holland and Zeeland?
|
[
"How did William of Orange hope to unite Holland and Zeeland?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109494
|
5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f59
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
What religious questions were forbidden under the union?
|
What religious questions were forbidden under the union?
|
[
"What religious questions were forbidden under the union?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109495
|
5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f5a
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
What did Calvinism state that everyone should be free to choose?
|
What did Calvinism state that everyone should be free to choose?
|
[
"What did Calvinism state that everyone should be free to choose?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109496
|
5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f5b
|
Dutch_Republic
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.
|
What group became the strong supporter in the republic?
|
What group became the strong supporter in the republic?
|
[
"What group became the strong supporter in the republic?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109497
|
56ddef259a695914005b96e2
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on Roman Catholics, being the religion of the enemy. In 17th-century Leiden, for instance, people opening their homes to services could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city. Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor – along with economic reasons – in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe.
|
What did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the Republic?
|
What did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the Republic?
|
[
"What did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the Republic?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Reformed Church"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109498
|
56ddef259a695914005b96e3
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on Roman Catholics, being the religion of the enemy. In 17th-century Leiden, for instance, people opening their homes to services could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city. Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor – along with economic reasons – in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe.
|
The degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what?
|
The degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what?
|
[
"The degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the time period and regional or city leaders"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-109499
|
56ddef259a695914005b96e4
|
Dutch_Republic
|
During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on Roman Catholics, being the religion of the enemy. In 17th-century Leiden, for instance, people opening their homes to services could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city. Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor – along with economic reasons – in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe.
|
What was the punishment for people who opened their homes to Catholic services during 17th-century Leiden?
|
What was the punishment for people who opened their homes to Catholic services during 17th-century Leiden?
|
[
"What was the punishment for people who opened their homes to Catholic services during 17th-century Leiden?"
] |
{
"text": [
"fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
}
|
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