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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-114700
|
5ad23e14d7d075001a4288ac
|
Emotion
|
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instrumental behavior, psychophysiologists with physiological changes, and so on. More recently, emotion is said to consist of all the components. The different components of emotion are categorized somewhat differently depending on the academic discipline. In psychology and philosophy, emotion typically includes a subjective, conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states. A similar multicomponential description of emotion is found in sociology. For example, Peggy Thoits described emotions as involving physiological components, cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, surprise etc.), expressive body actions, and the appraisal of situations and contexts.
|
What emotional component did behaviorists not identify emotion with?
|
What emotional component did behaviorists not identify emotion with?
|
[
"What emotional component did behaviorists not identify emotion with?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114701
|
5ad23e14d7d075001a4288ad
|
Emotion
|
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instrumental behavior, psychophysiologists with physiological changes, and so on. More recently, emotion is said to consist of all the components. The different components of emotion are categorized somewhat differently depending on the academic discipline. In psychology and philosophy, emotion typically includes a subjective, conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states. A similar multicomponential description of emotion is found in sociology. For example, Peggy Thoits described emotions as involving physiological components, cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, surprise etc.), expressive body actions, and the appraisal of situations and contexts.
|
What academics did not identify emotions with physiological changes?
|
What academics did not identify emotions with physiological changes?
|
[
" What academics did not identify emotions with physiological changes?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114702
|
5ad23e14d7d075001a4288ae
|
Emotion
|
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instrumental behavior, psychophysiologists with physiological changes, and so on. More recently, emotion is said to consist of all the components. The different components of emotion are categorized somewhat differently depending on the academic discipline. In psychology and philosophy, emotion typically includes a subjective, conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states. A similar multicomponential description of emotion is found in sociology. For example, Peggy Thoits described emotions as involving physiological components, cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, surprise etc.), expressive body actions, and the appraisal of situations and contexts.
|
Who discussed emotions out of the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?
|
Who discussed emotions out of the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?
|
[
"Who discussed emotions out of the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114703
|
570a7c684103511400d59768
|
Emotion
|
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.
|
What model of emotion was developed by Scherer?
|
What model of emotion was developed by Scherer?
|
[
"What model of emotion was developed by Scherer?"
] |
{
"text": [
"components processing model"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114704
|
570a7c684103511400d59769
|
Emotion
|
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.
|
How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?
|
How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?
|
[
"How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?"
] |
{
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114705
|
570a7c684103511400d5976a
|
Emotion
|
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.
|
What processes drive the other components processing model processes?
|
What processes drive the other components processing model processes?
|
[
"What processes drive the other components processing model processes?"
] |
{
"text": [
"appraisal"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114706
|
5ad24373d7d075001a4289f2
|
Emotion
|
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.
|
What model of emotion was undeveloped by Scherer?
|
What model of emotion was undeveloped by Scherer?
|
[
"What model of emotion was undeveloped by Scherer?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114707
|
5ad24373d7d075001a4289f3
|
Emotion
|
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.
|
How many unimportant emotional elements are present in the components processing model?
|
How many unimportant emotional elements are present in the components processing model?
|
[
"How many unimportant emotional elements are present in the components processing model?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114708
|
5ad24373d7d075001a4289f4
|
Emotion
|
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although the inclusion of cognitive appraisal as one of the elements is slightly controversial, since some theorists make the assumption that emotion and cognition are separate but interacting systems, the component processing model provides a sequence of events that effectively describes the coordination involved during an emotional episode.
|
What processes don't drive the other components processing model processes?
|
What processes don't drive the other components processing model processes?
|
[
"What processes don't drive the other components processing model processes?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114709
|
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea0
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?
|
What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?
|
[
"What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?"
] |
{
"text": [
"multidimensional scaling"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114710
|
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea1
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
|
Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
|
[
"Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?"
] |
{
"text": [
"arousal"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114711
|
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea2
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
|
What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
|
[
"What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?"
] |
{
"text": [
"arousal"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114712
|
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea3
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative?
|
What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative?
|
[
"What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative?"
] |
{
"text": [
"valence"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114713
|
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea4
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?
|
What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?
|
[
"What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?"
] |
{
"text": [
"core affect"
],
"answer_start": [
615
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114714
|
5ad24477d7d075001a428a5e
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What do psychologists use to non-visually map emotional experiences?
|
What do psychologists use to non-visually map emotional experiences?
|
[
" What do psychologists use to non-visually map emotional experiences?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114715
|
5ad24477d7d075001a428a5f
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
Along with valence, what is the other of the three dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
|
Along with valence, what is the other of the three dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
|
[
"Along with valence, what is the other of the three dimensions used to map emotional experiences?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114716
|
5ad24477d7d075001a428a60
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What isn't the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
|
What isn't the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
|
[
"What isn't the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114717
|
5ad24477d7d075001a428a61
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What is the term for the degree to which an non-emotional experience feels positive or negative?
|
What is the term for the degree to which an non-emotional experience feels positive or negative?
|
[
"What is the term for the degree to which an non-emotional experience feels positive or negative?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114718
|
5ad24477d7d075001a428a62
|
Emotion
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
What component of non-emotion provides its perceived energy?
|
What component of non-emotion provides its perceived energy?
|
[
" What component of non-emotion provides its perceived energy?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114719
|
570a7d566d058f1900182eaa
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
Who argued that emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?
|
Who argued that emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?
|
[
"Who argued that emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Paul D. MacLean"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114720
|
570a7d566d058f1900182eab
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?
|
What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?
|
[
"What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?"
] |
{
"text": [
"neuroimaging"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114721
|
570a7d566d058f1900182eac
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
Along with LeDoux, who was a notable neurological brain researcher?
|
Along with LeDoux, who was a notable neurological brain researcher?
|
[
"Along with LeDoux, who was a notable neurological brain researcher?"
] |
{
"text": [
"António Damásio"
],
"answer_start": [
787
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114722
|
570a7d566d058f1900182ead
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do notable work?
|
In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do notable work?
|
[
"In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do notable work?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1990s"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114723
|
5ad24633d7d075001a428adc
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
Who argued against emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?
|
Who argued against emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?
|
[
"Who argued against emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114724
|
5ad24633d7d075001a428add
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
What technology has disallowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?
|
What technology has disallowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?
|
[
"What technology has disallowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114725
|
5ad24633d7d075001a428ade
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
Along with LeDoux, who wasn't a notable neurological brain researcher?
|
Along with LeDoux, who wasn't a notable neurological brain researcher?
|
[
"Along with LeDoux, who wasn't a notable neurological brain researcher?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114726
|
5ad24633d7d075001a428adf
|
Emotion
|
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.
|
In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do unnotable work?
|
In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do unnotable work?
|
[
" In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do unnotable work?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114727
|
570a7de94103511400d5976e
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
Along with Cropanzano, who developed a communication-based theory of emotional experience?
|
Along with Cropanzano, who developed a communication-based theory of emotional experience?
|
[
"Along with Cropanzano, who developed a communication-based theory of emotional experience?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Howard M. Weiss"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114728
|
570a7de94103511400d5976f
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?
|
When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?
|
[
"When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114729
|
570a7de94103511400d59770
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano pay particular attention to?
|
What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano pay particular attention to?
|
[
"What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano pay particular attention to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"work"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114730
|
570a7de94103511400d59771
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
Who did Beal write "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" with?
|
Who did Beal write "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" with?
|
[
"Who did Beal write \"Reflections on Affective Events Theory\" with?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Howard M. Weiss"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114731
|
570a7de94103511400d59772
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
Where was "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" published?
|
Where was "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" published?
|
[
"Where was \"Reflections on Affective Events Theory\" published?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Research on Emotion in Organizations"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114732
|
5ad253a8d7d075001a428d1c
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
Along with Cropanzano, who did not develop a communication-based theory of emotional experience?
|
Along with Cropanzano, who did not develop a communication-based theory of emotional experience?
|
[
"Along with Cropanzano, who did not develop a communication-based theory of emotional experience?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114733
|
5ad253a8d7d075001a428d1d
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
When did Weiss and Cropanzano reject their work?
|
When did Weiss and Cropanzano reject their work?
|
[
" When did Weiss and Cropanzano reject their work?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114734
|
5ad253a8d7d075001a428d1e
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano not pay any attention to?
|
What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano not pay any attention to?
|
[
"What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano not pay any attention to?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114735
|
5ad253a8d7d075001a428d1f
|
Emotion
|
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.
|
Who did Beal draw "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" with?
|
Who did Beal draw "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" with?
|
[
" Who did Beal draw \"Reflections on Affective Events Theory\" with?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114736
|
570a7e7c4103511400d59778
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
What parts of reptiles respond to sensory cues?
|
What parts of reptiles respond to sensory cues?
|
[
"What parts of reptiles respond to sensory cues?"
] |
{
"text": [
"motor centers"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114737
|
570a7e7c4103511400d59779
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
What is the principal sense of night-active mammals?
|
What is the principal sense of night-active mammals?
|
[
"What is the principal sense of night-active mammals?"
] |
{
"text": [
"smell"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114738
|
570a7e7c4103511400d5977a
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
Why were early mammals active at night?
|
Why were early mammals active at night?
|
[
"Why were early mammals active at night?"
] |
{
"text": [
"reptiles slept"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114739
|
570a7e7c4103511400d5977b
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
What developed from the mammalian odor pathways?
|
What developed from the mammalian odor pathways?
|
[
"What developed from the mammalian odor pathways?"
] |
{
"text": [
"limbic brain"
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114740
|
570a7e7c4103511400d5977c
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles?
|
How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles?
|
[
"How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles?"
] |
{
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114741
|
5ad25680d7d075001a428d6c
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
What parts of reptiles don't respond to sensory cues?
|
What parts of reptiles don't respond to sensory cues?
|
[
"What parts of reptiles don't respond to sensory cues?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114742
|
5ad25680d7d075001a428d6d
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
What is the principal sense of morning-active mammals?
|
What is the principal sense of morning-active mammals?
|
[
" What is the principal sense of morning-active mammals?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114743
|
5ad25680d7d075001a428d6e
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
Why were early mammals active in the morning?
|
Why were early mammals active in the morning?
|
[
" Why were early mammals active in the morning?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114744
|
5ad25680d7d075001a428d6f
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
What developed from the mammalian sonic pathways?
|
What developed from the mammalian sonic pathways?
|
[
" What developed from the mammalian sonic pathways?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114745
|
5ad25680d7d075001a428d70
|
Emotion
|
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.
|
How do the olfactory lobes of mammals not compare in size to those of reptiles?
|
How do the olfactory lobes of mammals not compare in size to those of reptiles?
|
[
"How do the olfactory lobes of mammals not compare in size to those of reptiles?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114746
|
570a7f296d058f1900182eb2
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
What model described the opposite of approach as moving away?
|
What model described the opposite of approach as moving away?
|
[
"What model described the opposite of approach as moving away?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Direction Model"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114747
|
570a7f296d058f1900182eb3
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
What model described the opposite of approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?
|
What model described the opposite of approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?
|
[
"What model described the opposite of approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Movement Model"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114748
|
570a7f296d058f1900182eb4
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
According to the Action Tendency Model, the opposite of approach is described as unmoving with what?
|
According to the Action Tendency Model, the opposite of approach is described as unmoving with what?
|
[
"According to the Action Tendency Model, the opposite of approach is described as unmoving with what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"passive yielding"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114749
|
570a7f296d058f1900182eb5
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?
|
Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?
|
[
"Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?"
] |
{
"text": [
"shyness"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114750
|
5ad257a0d7d075001a428d90
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
What model did not describe the opposite of approach as moving away?
|
What model did not describe the opposite of approach as moving away?
|
[
"What model did not describe the opposite of approach as moving away?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114751
|
5ad257a0d7d075001a428d91
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
What model described the same approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?
|
What model described the same approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?
|
[
"What model described the same approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114752
|
5ad257a0d7d075001a428d92
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
According to the Action Tendency Model, the similar approach is described as unmoving with what?
|
According to the Action Tendency Model, the similar approach is described as unmoving with what?
|
[
"According to the Action Tendency Model, the similar approach is described as unmoving with what?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114753
|
5ad257a0d7d075001a428d93
|
Emotion
|
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.
|
Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait did not result in support for the Action Tendency Model?
|
Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait did not result in support for the Action Tendency Model?
|
[
"Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait did not result in support for the Action Tendency Model?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114754
|
570a7fbf4103511400d59782
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
In what economics sub-field are emotions discussed?
|
In what economics sub-field are emotions discussed?
|
[
"In what economics sub-field are emotions discussed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"microeconomics"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114755
|
570a7fbf4103511400d59783
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
What is a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?
|
What is a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?
|
[
"What is a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the analysis of voter decision-making"
],
"answer_start": [
926
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114756
|
570a7fbf4103511400d59784
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
Along with criminal law, what facet of law considers evidence related to emotion?
|
Along with criminal law, what facet of law considers evidence related to emotion?
|
[
"Along with criminal law, what facet of law considers evidence related to emotion?"
] |
{
"text": [
"tort law"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114757
|
570a7fbf4103511400d59785
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline informs the field of criminology?
|
Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline informs the field of criminology?
|
[
"Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline informs the field of criminology?"
] |
{
"text": [
"psychology"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114758
|
570a7fbf4103511400d59786
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
Along with risk perception, what do economists study emotion in relate to?
|
Along with risk perception, what do economists study emotion in relate to?
|
[
"Along with risk perception, what do economists study emotion in relate to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"purchase decision-making"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114759
|
5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f96
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
In what economics sub-field are emotions not discussed?
|
In what economics sub-field are emotions not discussed?
|
[
"In what economics sub-field are emotions not discussed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114760
|
5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f97
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
What is not a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?
|
What is not a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?
|
[
"What is not a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114761
|
5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f98
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
Along with criminal law, what facet of law doesn't consider evidence related to emotion?
|
Along with criminal law, what facet of law doesn't consider evidence related to emotion?
|
[
"Along with criminal law, what facet of law doesn't consider evidence related to emotion?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114762
|
5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f99
|
Emotion
|
In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism. In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings). In political science, emotions are examined in a number of sub-fields, such as the analysis of voter decision-making.
|
Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline does not inform the field of criminology?
|
Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline does not inform the field of criminology?
|
[
"Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline does not inform the field of criminology?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114763
|
570a803f4103511400d59796
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?
|
What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?
|
[
"What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?"
] |
{
"text": [
"anger"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114764
|
570a803f4103511400d59797
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?
|
Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?
|
[
"Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?"
] |
{
"text": [
"fear"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114765
|
570a803f4103511400d59798
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in most cultures?
|
The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in most cultures?
|
[
"The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in most cultures?"
] |
{
"text": [
"disgust"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114766
|
570a803f4103511400d59799
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
What social institution is associated with the emotion of love?
|
What social institution is associated with the emotion of love?
|
[
"What social institution is associated with the emotion of love?"
] |
{
"text": [
"marriage"
],
"answer_start": [
808
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114767
|
570a803f4103511400d5979a
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?
|
What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?
|
[
"What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?"
] |
{
"text": [
"fear"
],
"answer_start": [
1013
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114768
|
5ad2616cd7d075001a42902c
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
What emotion do many cultures encourage in women?
|
What emotion do many cultures encourage in women?
|
[
"What emotion do many cultures encourage in women?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114769
|
5ad2616cd7d075001a42902d
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in women?
|
Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in women?
|
[
" Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in women?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114770
|
5ad2616cd7d075001a42902e
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
The open expression of what emotion is generally accepted in most cultures?
|
The open expression of what emotion is generally accepted in most cultures?
|
[
"The open expression of what emotion is generally accepted in most cultures?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114771
|
5ad2616cd7d075001a42902f
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
What social institution is not associated with the emotion of love?
|
What social institution is not associated with the emotion of love?
|
[
" What social institution is not associated with the emotion of love?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114772
|
5ad2616cd7d075001a429030
|
Emotion
|
Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.
|
What emotion do political campaigns not appeal to in regard to terrorism?
|
What emotion do political campaigns not appeal to in regard to terrorism?
|
[
"What emotion do political campaigns not appeal to in regard to terrorism?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114773
|
5a7db48670df9f001a87505f
|
Matter
|
Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.
|
What did the term matter include after the 20th century?
|
What did the term matter include after the 20th century?
|
[
"What did the term matter include after the 20th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114774
|
5a7db48670df9f001a875060
|
Matter
|
Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.
|
What are atoms composed of?
|
What are atoms composed of?
|
[
"What are atoms composed of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114775
|
5a7db48670df9f001a875061
|
Matter
|
Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.
|
What are two examples of matter?
|
What are two examples of matter?
|
[
"What are two examples of matter?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114776
|
5a7db48670df9f001a875062
|
Matter
|
Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.
|
What can an object's mass not come from?
|
What can an object's mass not come from?
|
[
"What can an object's mass not come from?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114777
|
5a7db48670df9f001a875063
|
Matter
|
Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.
|
Matter is currently considered to be what kind of concept?
|
Matter is currently considered to be what kind of concept?
|
[
"Matter is currently considered to be what kind of concept?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114778
|
5a7db5c270df9f001a875069
|
Matter
|
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.
|
What orbits around electrons?
|
What orbits around electrons?
|
[
"What orbits around electrons?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114779
|
5a7db5c270df9f001a87506a
|
Matter
|
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.
|
What are protons and neutrons made out of?
|
What are protons and neutrons made out of?
|
[
"What are protons and neutrons made out of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114780
|
5a7db5c270df9f001a87506b
|
Matter
|
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.
|
All particles with rest mass have what kind of volume?
|
All particles with rest mass have what kind of volume?
|
[
"All particles with rest mass have what kind of volume?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114781
|
5a7db5c270df9f001a87506c
|
Matter
|
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.
|
What cannot contribute to effective volume?
|
What cannot contribute to effective volume?
|
[
"What cannot contribute to effective volume?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114782
|
5a7db5c270df9f001a87506d
|
Matter
|
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.
|
What kind of size or volume do point particles have?
|
What kind of size or volume do point particles have?
|
[
"What kind of size or volume do point particles have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114783
|
5a7db6b770df9f001a875073
|
Matter
|
Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).
|
How many forms of solids are there?
|
How many forms of solids are there?
|
[
"How many forms of solids are there?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114784
|
5a7db6b770df9f001a875074
|
Matter
|
Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).
|
What theory states that matter can exist in four states?
|
What theory states that matter can exist in four states?
|
[
"What theory states that matter can exist in four states?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114785
|
5a7db6b770df9f001a875075
|
Matter
|
Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).
|
Who suggested the Bose-Einstein theory?
|
Who suggested the Bose-Einstein theory?
|
[
"Who suggested the Bose-Einstein theory?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114786
|
5a7db6b770df9f001a875076
|
Matter
|
Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).
|
What new form of plasma did Democritus discover?
|
What new form of plasma did Democritus discover?
|
[
"What new form of plasma did Democritus discover?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114787
|
5a7db6b770df9f001a875077
|
Matter
|
Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).
|
How long have scientists focused on an elementary-particle view?
|
How long have scientists focused on an elementary-particle view?
|
[
"How long have scientists focused on an elementary-particle view?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114788
|
5a7db77770df9f001a87507d
|
Matter
|
Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also be created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither be created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter.
|
What is considered the same as matter?
|
What is considered the same as matter?
|
[
"What is considered the same as matter?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114789
|
5a7db77770df9f001a87507e
|
Matter
|
Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also be created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither be created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter.
|
What does special relativity show mass can do?
|
What does special relativity show mass can do?
|
[
"What does special relativity show mass can do?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114790
|
5a7db77770df9f001a87507f
|
Matter
|
Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also be created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither be created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter.
|
What can be created or destroyed?
|
What can be created or destroyed?
|
[
"What can be created or destroyed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114791
|
5a7db77770df9f001a875080
|
Matter
|
Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also be created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither be created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter.
|
What changes during the transformation of matter?
|
What changes during the transformation of matter?
|
[
"What changes during the transformation of matter?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114792
|
5a7db77770df9f001a875081
|
Matter
|
Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also be created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither be created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter.
|
What does not change in an open system?
|
What does not change in an open system?
|
[
"What does not change in an open system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114793
|
5a7db7f770df9f001a875087
|
Matter
|
Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality.
|
What is always used the same way across fields?
|
What is always used the same way across fields?
|
[
"What is always used the same way across fields?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114794
|
5a7db7f770df9f001a875088
|
Matter
|
Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality.
|
What is poorly defined besides matter?
|
What is poorly defined besides matter?
|
[
"What is poorly defined besides matter?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114795
|
5a7db7f770df9f001a875089
|
Matter
|
Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality.
|
What does matter do in chemistry that it does not do in physics?
|
What does matter do in chemistry that it does not do in physics?
|
[
"What does matter do in chemistry that it does not do in physics?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114796
|
5a7db7f770df9f001a87508a
|
Matter
|
Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality.
|
What is the combination of mass and matter called in chemistry?
|
What is the combination of mass and matter called in chemistry?
|
[
"What is the combination of mass and matter called in chemistry?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114797
|
5a7db7f770df9f001a87508b
|
Matter
|
Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality.
|
What speed does matter travel at in physics?
|
What speed does matter travel at in physics?
|
[
"What speed does matter travel at in physics?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114798
|
5a7db89470df9f001a875091
|
Matter
|
In the context of relativity, mass is not an additive quantity, in the sense that one can add the rest masses of particles in a system to get the total rest mass of the system. Thus, in relativity usually a more general view is that it is not the sum of rest masses, but the energy–momentum tensor that quantifies the amount of matter. This tensor gives the rest mass for the entire system. "Matter" therefore is sometimes considered as anything that contributes to the energy–momentum of a system, that is, anything that is not purely gravity. This view is commonly held in fields that deal with general relativity such as cosmology. In this view, light and other massless particles and fields are part of matter.
|
What type of quantity is mass?
|
What type of quantity is mass?
|
[
"What type of quantity is mass?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114799
|
5a7db89470df9f001a875092
|
Matter
|
In the context of relativity, mass is not an additive quantity, in the sense that one can add the rest masses of particles in a system to get the total rest mass of the system. Thus, in relativity usually a more general view is that it is not the sum of rest masses, but the energy–momentum tensor that quantifies the amount of matter. This tensor gives the rest mass for the entire system. "Matter" therefore is sometimes considered as anything that contributes to the energy–momentum of a system, that is, anything that is not purely gravity. This view is commonly held in fields that deal with general relativity such as cosmology. In this view, light and other massless particles and fields are part of matter.
|
One can add the rest masses of particles in a system to get what?
|
One can add the rest masses of particles in a system to get what?
|
[
"One can add the rest masses of particles in a system to get what?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
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