gem_id
stringlengths 20
25
| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
59
| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-114500
|
570a638e4103511400d596ae
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
|
Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
|
[
"Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Paul E. Griffiths"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114501
|
570a638e4103511400d596af
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?
|
What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?
|
[
"What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?"
] |
{
"text": [
"external"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114502
|
570a638e4103511400d596b0
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?
|
The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?
|
[
"The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?"
] |
{
"text": [
"situationism"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114503
|
570a638e4103511400d596b1
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?
|
Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?
|
[
"Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?"
] |
{
"text": [
"phobias"
],
"answer_start": [
1191
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114504
|
5ad254ecd7d075001a428d2c
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
Who didn't develop a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
|
Who didn't develop a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
|
[
"Who didn't develop a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114505
|
5ad254ecd7d075001a428d2d
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
What factors did the situated perspective believe not to be most important?
|
What factors did the situated perspective believe not to be most important?
|
[
" What factors did the situated perspective believe not to be most important?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114506
|
5ad254ecd7d075001a428d2e
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
The situated perspective was not influenced by what school of thought?
|
The situated perspective was not influenced by what school of thought?
|
[
"The situated perspective was not influenced by what school of thought?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114507
|
5ad254ecd7d075001a428d2f
|
Emotion
|
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
|
Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could not help to explain?
|
Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could not help to explain?
|
[
"Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could not help to explain?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114508
|
570a64106d058f1900182dfc
|
Emotion
|
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.
|
When did Broca publish his pioneering work?
|
When did Broca publish his pioneering work?
|
[
"When did Broca publish his pioneering work?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1878"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114509
|
570a64106d058f1900182dfd
|
Emotion
|
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.
|
Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?
|
Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?
|
[
"Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Papez"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114510
|
570a64106d058f1900182dfe
|
Emotion
|
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.
|
Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?
|
Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?
|
[
"Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"hypothalamus"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114511
|
5ad256acd7d075001a428d76
|
Emotion
|
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.
|
When did Broca publish his non-pioneering work?
|
When did Broca publish his non-pioneering work?
|
[
" When did Broca publish his non-pioneering work?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114512
|
5ad256acd7d075001a428d77
|
Emotion
|
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.
|
Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between non-emotional and the limbic system?
|
Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between non-emotional and the limbic system?
|
[
"Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between non-emotional and the limbic system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114513
|
5ad256acd7d075001a428d78
|
Emotion
|
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.
|
Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is not a notable part of the limbic system?
|
Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is not a notable part of the limbic system?
|
[
"Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is not a notable part of the limbic system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114514
|
570a64c64103511400d596c0
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy studies emotions?
|
Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy studies emotions?
|
[
"Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy studies emotions?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ethics"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114515
|
570a64c64103511400d596c1
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion play an important role?
|
Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion play an important role?
|
[
"Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion play an important role?"
] |
{
"text": [
"romance"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114516
|
570a64c64103511400d596c2
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Of what discipline is ethology a branch?
|
Of what discipline is ethology a branch?
|
[
"Of what discipline is ethology a branch?"
] |
{
"text": [
"zoology"
],
"answer_start": [
748
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114517
|
570a64c64103511400d596c3
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Along with laboratory work, what does an ethologist engage in?
|
Along with laboratory work, what does an ethologist engage in?
|
[
"Along with laboratory work, what does an ethologist engage in?"
] |
{
"text": [
"field science"
],
"answer_start": [
858
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114518
|
570a64c64103511400d596c4
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Along with evolution, what area of study is ethology tied to?
|
Along with evolution, what area of study is ethology tied to?
|
[
"Along with evolution, what area of study is ethology tied to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ecology"
],
"answer_start": [
893
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114519
|
5ad2600bd7d075001a428fb6
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy doesn't study emotions?
|
Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy doesn't study emotions?
|
[
"Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy doesn't study emotions?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114520
|
5ad2600bd7d075001a428fb7
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion not play an important role?
|
Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion not play an important role?
|
[
"Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion not play an important role?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114521
|
5ad2600bd7d075001a428fb8
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Of what discipline is ethology not a branch?
|
Of what discipline is ethology not a branch?
|
[
" Of what discipline is ethology not a branch?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114522
|
5ad2600bd7d075001a428fb9
|
Emotion
|
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
|
Along with laboratory work, what doesn't an ethologist engage in?
|
Along with laboratory work, what doesn't an ethologist engage in?
|
[
"Along with laboratory work, what doesn't an ethologist engage in?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114523
|
570a65b56d058f1900182e02
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?
|
Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?
|
[
"Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Emilé Durkheim"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114524
|
570a65b56d058f1900182e03
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
What society was studied to describe the notion of collective effervescence?
|
What society was studied to describe the notion of collective effervescence?
|
[
"What society was studied to describe the notion of collective effervescence?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Australian aborigine society"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114525
|
570a65b56d058f1900182e04
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian aboriginal activity?
|
Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian aboriginal activity?
|
[
"Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian aboriginal activity?"
] |
{
"text": [
"totemic rituals"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114526
|
570a65b56d058f1900182e05
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
What is another term for collective effervescence?
|
What is another term for collective effervescence?
|
[
"What is another term for collective effervescence?"
] |
{
"text": [
"emotional energy"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114527
|
5ad261a2d7d075001a429040
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
Who didn't discuss the idea of a collective effervescence?
|
Who didn't discuss the idea of a collective effervescence?
|
[
"Who didn't discuss the idea of a collective effervescence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114528
|
5ad261a2d7d075001a429041
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
What society was studied to describe the notion of collective non-effervescence?
|
What society was studied to describe the notion of collective non-effervescence?
|
[
"What society was studied to describe the notion of collective non-effervescence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114529
|
5ad261a2d7d075001a429042
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian non-aboriginal activity?
|
Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian non-aboriginal activity?
|
[
"Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian non-aboriginal activity?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114530
|
5ad261a2d7d075001a429043
|
Emotion
|
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.
|
What is another term for collective non-effervescence?
|
What is another term for collective non-effervescence?
|
[
"What is another term for collective non-effervescence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114531
|
570a661f6d058f1900182e0a
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
What theory was developed by Arnold?
|
What theory was developed by Arnold?
|
[
"What theory was developed by Arnold?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the appraisal theory of emotions"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114532
|
570a661f6d058f1900182e0b
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
When did Richard Lazarus die?
|
When did Richard Lazarus die?
|
[
"When did Richard Lazarus die?"
] |
{
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114533
|
570a661f6d058f1900182e0c
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
Who wrote 'What Is An Emotion?'?
|
Who wrote 'What Is An Emotion?'?
|
[
"Who wrote 'What Is An Emotion?'?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Robert C. Solomon"
],
"answer_start": [
700
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114534
|
570a661f6d058f1900182e0d
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
Who published What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?
|
Who published What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?
|
[
"Who published What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Oxford"
],
"answer_start": [
892
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114535
|
570a661f6d058f1900182e0e
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
What is Nico Frijda's nationality?
|
What is Nico Frijda's nationality?
|
[
"What is Nico Frijda's nationality?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Dutch"
],
"answer_start": [
1050
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114536
|
5ad27982d7d075001a4295b0
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
What theory wasn't developed by Arnold?
|
What theory wasn't developed by Arnold?
|
[
"What theory wasn't developed by Arnold?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114537
|
5ad27982d7d075001a4295b1
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
When did Richard Lazarus work?
|
When did Richard Lazarus work?
|
[
"When did Richard Lazarus work?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114538
|
5ad27982d7d075001a4295b2
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
Who wrote 'What Isn't An Emotion?'?
|
Who wrote 'What Isn't An Emotion?'?
|
[
" Who wrote 'What Isn't An Emotion?'?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114539
|
5ad27982d7d075001a4295b3
|
Emotion
|
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).
|
Who published What Isn't An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?
|
Who published What Isn't An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?
|
[
"Who published What Isn't An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114540
|
570a66fd4103511400d596d2
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
When did the word emotion enter the English language?
|
When did the word emotion enter the English language?
|
[
"When did the word emotion enter the English language?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1579"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114541
|
570a66fd4103511400d596d3
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
From what French word is emotion derived?
|
From what French word is emotion derived?
|
[
"From what French word is emotion derived?"
] |
{
"text": [
"émouvoir"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114542
|
570a66fd4103511400d596d4
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
What does émouvoir mean in English?
|
What does émouvoir mean in English?
|
[
"What does émouvoir mean in English?"
] |
{
"text": [
"to stir up"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114543
|
570a66fd4103511400d596d5
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place?
|
Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place?
|
[
"Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place?"
] |
{
"text": [
"passion"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114544
|
570a66fd4103511400d596d6
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?
|
Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?
|
[
"Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?"
] |
{
"text": [
"depression"
],
"answer_start": [
615
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114545
|
5ad23e93d7d075001a4288ce
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
When did the word emotion leave the English language?
|
When did the word emotion leave the English language?
|
[
"When did the word emotion leave the English language?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114546
|
5ad23e93d7d075001a4288cf
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
From what English word is emotion derived?
|
From what English word is emotion derived?
|
[
"From what English word is emotion derived?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114547
|
5ad23e93d7d075001a4288d0
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
What does émouvoir mean in Italian?
|
What does émouvoir mean in Italian?
|
[
" What does émouvoir mean in Italian?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114548
|
5ad23e93d7d075001a4288d1
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word wasn't used in its place?
|
Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word wasn't used in its place?
|
[
"Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word wasn't used in its place?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114549
|
5ad23e93d7d075001a4288d2
|
Emotion
|
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term
|
Along with anxiety, what is not an example of directionless emotion?
|
Along with anxiety, what is not an example of directionless emotion?
|
[
" Along with anxiety, what is not an example of directionless emotion?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114550
|
570a68426d058f1900182e1e
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
What is the thalamus a part of?
|
What is the thalamus a part of?
|
[
"What is the thalamus a part of?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the diencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114551
|
570a68426d058f1900182e1f
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
|
Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
|
[
"Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Cannon"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114552
|
570a68426d058f1900182e20
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
What creatures did Bard experiment on?
|
What creatures did Bard experiment on?
|
[
"What creatures did Bard experiment on?"
] |
{
"text": [
"animals"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114553
|
570a68426d058f1900182e21
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?
|
Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?
|
[
"Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?"
] |
{
"text": [
"physiological"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114554
|
5ad247a4d7d075001a428b3a
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
What is the thalamus not a part of?
|
What is the thalamus not a part of?
|
[
"What is the thalamus not a part of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114555
|
5ad247a4d7d075001a428b3b
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
Who argued that an unemotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
|
Who argued that an unemotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
|
[
"Who argued that an unemotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114556
|
5ad247a4d7d075001a428b3c
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
What creatures did Bard never experiment on?
|
What creatures did Bard never experiment on?
|
[
" What creatures did Bard never experiment on?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114557
|
5ad247a4d7d075001a428b3d
|
Emotion
|
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
|
Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon after being processed?
|
Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon after being processed?
|
[
" Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon after being processed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114558
|
570a68cf6d058f1900182e26
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?
|
Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?
|
[
"Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Robert C. Solomon"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114559
|
570a68cf6d058f1900182e27
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?
|
In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?
|
[
"In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1993"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114560
|
570a68cf6d058f1900182e28
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
What does Solomon believe emotions to be?
|
What does Solomon believe emotions to be?
|
[
"What does Solomon believe emotions to be?"
] |
{
"text": [
"judgments"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114561
|
570a68cf6d058f1900182e29
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
Whose theory discussed action tendencies?
|
Whose theory discussed action tendencies?
|
[
"Whose theory discussed action tendencies?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Nico Frijda"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114562
|
570a68cf6d058f1900182e2a
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?
|
The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?
|
[
"The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?"
] |
{
"text": [
"cognitivism"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114563
|
5ad24cbcd7d075001a428c02
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
Who sang The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?
|
Who sang The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?
|
[
" Who sang The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114564
|
5ad24cbcd7d075001a428c03
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life rejected?
|
In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life rejected?
|
[
"In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life rejected?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114565
|
5ad24cbcd7d075001a428c04
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
What does Solomon believe emotions not to be?
|
What does Solomon believe emotions not to be?
|
[
" What does Solomon believe emotions not to be?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114566
|
5ad24cbcd7d075001a428c05
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
Whose theory didn't discuss action tendencies?
|
Whose theory didn't discuss action tendencies?
|
[
" Whose theory didn't discuss action tendencies?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114567
|
5ad24cbcd7d075001a428c06
|
Emotion
|
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.
|
The idea that judgment can be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?
|
The idea that judgment can be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?
|
[
"The idea that judgment can be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114568
|
570a6c176d058f1900182e4c
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
|
Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
|
[
"Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Kurt Kortschal"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114569
|
570a6c176d058f1900182e4d
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?
|
From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?
|
[
"From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?"
] |
{
"text": [
"their parental germ cells"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114570
|
570a6c176d058f1900182e4e
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
What percentage of difference is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
|
What percentage of difference is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
|
[
"What percentage of difference is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
1059
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114571
|
570a6c176d058f1900182e4f
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
How many million years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
|
How many million years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
|
[
"How many million years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?"
] |
{
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
963
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114572
|
570a6c176d058f1900182e50
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?
|
About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?
|
[
"About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?"
] |
{
"text": [
"200,000 years"
],
"answer_start": [
1878
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114573
|
5ad255afd7d075001a428d46
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
Who rejected the research on the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
|
Who rejected the research on the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
|
[
"Who rejected the research on the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114574
|
5ad255afd7d075001a428d47
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
From where don't zygotes derive their genetic information?
|
From where don't zygotes derive their genetic information?
|
[
" From where don't zygotes derive their genetic information?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114575
|
5ad255afd7d075001a428d48
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
What percentage of similarity is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
|
What percentage of similarity is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
|
[
" What percentage of similarity is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114576
|
5ad255afd7d075001a428d49
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
How many hundred years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
|
How many hundred years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
|
[
" How many hundred years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114577
|
5ad255afd7d075001a428d4a
|
Emotion
|
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.
|
About how long ago did modern human beings not come into existence?
|
About how long ago did modern human beings not come into existence?
|
[
" About how long ago did modern human beings not come into existence?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114578
|
570a6db44103511400d596f0
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?
|
Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?
|
[
"Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"personality"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114579
|
570a6db44103511400d596f1
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?
|
What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?
|
[
"What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?"
] |
{
"text": [
"cognition"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114580
|
570a6db44103511400d596f2
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?
|
Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?
|
[
"Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?"
] |
{
"text": [
"rapid heartbeat and breathing"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114581
|
570a6db44103511400d596f3
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?
|
Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?
|
[
"Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"nervous"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114582
|
5ad23ce5d7d075001a42887c
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion never tied to?
|
Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion never tied to?
|
[
"Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion never tied to?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114583
|
5ad23ce5d7d075001a42887d
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
What do some theories see as an unimportant part of emotion?
|
What do some theories see as an unimportant part of emotion?
|
[
" What do some theories see as an unimportant part of emotion?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114584
|
5ad23ce5d7d075001a42887e
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a non-physiological response to danger?
|
Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a non-physiological response to danger?
|
[
"Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a non-physiological response to danger?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114585
|
5ad23ce5d7d075001a42887f
|
Emotion
|
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.
|
Sweating is a not product of the arousal of what system?
|
Sweating is a not product of the arousal of what system?
|
[
" Sweating is a not product of the arousal of what system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114586
|
570a6e2f4103511400d596f8
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?
|
Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?
|
[
"Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Michael C. Graham"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114587
|
570a6e2f4103511400d596f9
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What is Michael Graham's profession?
|
What is Michael Graham's profession?
|
[
"What is Michael Graham's profession?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Psychotherapist"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114588
|
570a6e2f4103511400d596fa
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What is an example of an extreme form of fear?
|
What is an example of an extreme form of fear?
|
[
"What is an example of an extreme form of fear?"
] |
{
"text": [
"terror"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114589
|
570a6e2f4103511400d596fb
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What would be an example of mild shame?
|
What would be an example of mild shame?
|
[
"What would be an example of mild shame?"
] |
{
"text": [
"embarrassment"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114590
|
570a6e2f4103511400d596fc
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
|
What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
|
[
"What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Moods"
],
"answer_start": [
715
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114591
|
5ad24351d7d075001a4289e0
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
Who described the concept of a non-continuum of intensity?
|
Who described the concept of a non-continuum of intensity?
|
[
"Who described the concept of a non-continuum of intensity?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114592
|
5ad24351d7d075001a4289e1
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What is Michael Graham's interest?
|
What is Michael Graham's interest?
|
[
" What is Michael Graham's interest?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114593
|
5ad24351d7d075001a4289e2
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What is not an example of an extreme form of fear?
|
What is not an example of an extreme form of fear?
|
[
" What is not an example of an extreme form of fear?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114594
|
5ad24351d7d075001a4289e3
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What would be an example of middle shame?
|
What would be an example of middle shame?
|
[
" What would be an example of middle shame?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114595
|
5ad24351d7d075001a4289e4
|
Emotion
|
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.
|
What are intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
|
What are intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
|
[
" What are intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114596
|
570a6f236d058f1900182e56
|
Emotion
|
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.
|
Who has argued that emotions are discrete?
|
Who has argued that emotions are discrete?
|
[
"Who has argued that emotions are discrete?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Paul Ekman"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114597
|
570a6f236d058f1900182e57
|
Emotion
|
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.
|
How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?
|
How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?
|
[
"How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?"
] |
{
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114598
|
570a6f236d058f1900182e58
|
Emotion
|
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.
|
Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?
|
Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?
|
[
"Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?"
] |
{
"text": [
"surprise"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-114599
|
5ad243b2d7d075001a428a1a
|
Emotion
|
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.
|
Who has agreed that emotions are discrete?
|
Who has agreed that emotions are discrete?
|
[
"Who has agreed that emotions are discrete?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.