gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-114600 | 5ad243b2d7d075001a428a1b | Emotion | For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa... | How many non-basic emotions did Ekman recognize? | How many non-basic emotions did Ekman recognize? | [
" How many non-basic emotions did Ekman recognize?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114601 | 5ad243b2d7d075001a428a1c | Emotion | For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa... | Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what isn't one of Ekman's basic emotions? | Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what isn't one of Ekman's basic emotions? | [
"Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what isn't one of Ekman's basic emotions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114602 | 570a6f996d058f1900182e5c | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue? | What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue? | [
"What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue?"
] | {
"text": [
"stoic"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114603 | 570a6f996d058f1900182e5d | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | What thinker believed that emotions were necessary for virtue? | What thinker believed that emotions were necessary for virtue? | [
"What thinker believed that emotions were necessary for virtue?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114604 | 570a6f996d058f1900182e5e | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | What did the Aristotelians call emotions? | What did the Aristotelians call emotions? | [
"What did the Aristotelians call emotions?"
] | {
"text": [
"passions"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114605 | 570a6f996d058f1900182e5f | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | Who was a notable scholastic thinker? | Who was a notable scholastic thinker? | [
"Who was a notable scholastic thinker?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Aquinas"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114606 | 570a6f996d058f1900182e60 | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions? | Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions? | [
"Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Baruch Spinoza"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114607 | 5ad24569d7d075001a428a9a | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | What school of thought saw emotion as not an impediment to virtue? | What school of thought saw emotion as not an impediment to virtue? | [
"What school of thought saw emotion as not an impediment to virtue?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114608 | 5ad24569d7d075001a428a9b | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | What thinker believed that emotions weren't necessary for virtue? | What thinker believed that emotions weren't necessary for virtue? | [
" What thinker believed that emotions weren't necessary for virtue?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114609 | 5ad24569d7d075001a428a9c | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | What did the Aristotelians not call emotions? | What did the Aristotelians not call emotions? | [
" What did the Aristotelians not call emotions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114610 | 5ad24569d7d075001a428a9d | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | Who wasn't a notable scholastic thinker? | Who wasn't a notable scholastic thinker? | [
" Who wasn't a notable scholastic thinker?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114611 | 570a70116d058f1900182e66 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions? | Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions? | [
"Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions?"
] | {
"text": [
"William James"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114612 | 570a70116d058f1900182e67 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion? | What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion? | [
"What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?"
] | {
"text": [
"the autonomic nervous system"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114613 | 570a70116d058f1900182e68 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | What did James believe emotion was synonymous with? | What did James believe emotion was synonymous with? | [
"What did James believe emotion was synonymous with?"
] | {
"text": [
"the perception of bodily changes"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114614 | 570a70116d058f1900182e69 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | Who developed a theory similar to that of James? | Who developed a theory similar to that of James? | [
"Who developed a theory similar to that of James?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carl Lange"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114615 | 570a70116d058f1900182e6a | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | What was the profession of Lange? | What was the profession of Lange? | [
"What was the profession of Lange?"
] | {
"text": [
"psychologist"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114616 | 5ad2469cd7d075001a428b00 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | Who wrote that exciting facts don't lead to emotions? | Who wrote that exciting facts don't lead to emotions? | [
"Who wrote that exciting facts don't lead to emotions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114617 | 5ad2469cd7d075001a428b01 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | What didn't James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion? | What didn't James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion? | [
" What didn't James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114618 | 5ad2469cd7d075001a428b02 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | What did James believe emotion wasn't synonymous with? | What did James believe emotion wasn't synonymous with? | [
" What did James believe emotion wasn't synonymous with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114619 | 5ad2469cd7d075001a428b03 | Emotion | In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam... | Who didn't develop a theory similar to that of James? | Who didn't develop a theory similar to that of James? | [
" Who didn't develop a theory similar to that of James?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114620 | 570a70f04103511400d5970a | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can be learned? | What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can be learned? | [
"What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can be learned?"
] | {
"text": [
"constructivist"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114621 | 570a70f04103511400d5970b | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion? | According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion? | [
"According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Schadenfreude"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114622 | 570a70f04103511400d5970c | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where has a research center on the history of emotions recently opened? | Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where has a research center on the history of emotions recently opened? | [
"Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where has a research center on the history of emotions recently opened?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sweden"
],
"answer_start": [
1061
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114623 | 570a70f04103511400d5970d | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis? | Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis? | [
"Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis?"
] | {
"text": [
"gender"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114624 | 5ad26049d7d075001a428fbe | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can't be learned? | What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can't be learned? | [
"What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can't be learned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114625 | 5ad26049d7d075001a428fbf | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | According to the constructivists, what isn't an example of a learned meta-emotion? | According to the constructivists, what isn't an example of a learned meta-emotion? | [
"According to the constructivists, what isn't an example of a learned meta-emotion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114626 | 5ad26049d7d075001a428fc0 | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where hasn't a research center on the history of emotions recently opened? | Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where hasn't a research center on the history of emotions recently opened? | [
"Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where hasn't a research center on the history of emotions recently opened?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114627 | 5ad26049d7d075001a428fc1 | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | Along with class and race, what isn't regarded as an essential category of historical analysis? | Along with class and race, what isn't regarded as an essential category of historical analysis? | [
"Along with class and race, what isn't regarded as an essential category of historical analysis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114628 | 570a71734103511400d59712 | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on? | Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on? | [
"Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gregorio Marañón"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114629 | 570a71734103511400d59713 | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | What did Gregorio Marañón inject his patients with? | What did Gregorio Marañón inject his patients with? | [
"What did Gregorio Marañón inject his patients with?"
] | {
"text": [
"epinephrine"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114630 | 570a71734103511400d59714 | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | What was the nationality of Gregorio Marañón? | What was the nationality of Gregorio Marañón? | [
"What was the nationality of Gregorio Marañón?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114631 | 570a71734103511400d59715 | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | Who was a notable student of Stanley Schachter? | Who was a notable student of Stanley Schachter? | [
"Who was a notable student of Stanley Schachter?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jerome Singer"
],
"answer_start": [
1168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114632 | 570a71734103511400d59716 | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published? | In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published? | [
"In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published?"
] | {
"text": [
"2004"
],
"answer_start": [
1717
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114633 | 5ad248ded7d075001a428b7a | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | Whose work didn't the theory of Stanley Schachter build on? | Whose work didn't the theory of Stanley Schachter build on? | [
" Whose work didn't the theory of Stanley Schachter build on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114634 | 5ad248ded7d075001a428b7b | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | What did Gregorio Marañón not inject his patients with? | What did Gregorio Marañón not inject his patients with? | [
" What did Gregorio Marañón not inject his patients with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114635 | 5ad248ded7d075001a428b7c | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | What wasn't the nationality of Gregorio Marañón? | What wasn't the nationality of Gregorio Marañón? | [
" What wasn't the nationality of Gregorio Marañón?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114636 | 5ad248ded7d075001a428b7d | Emotion | Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa... | Who was a notable teacher of Stanley Schachter? | Who was a notable teacher of Stanley Schachter? | [
" Who was a notable teacher of Stanley Schachter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114637 | 570a71dd6d058f1900182e70 | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion? | In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion? | [
"In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion?"
] | {
"text": [
"1990s"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114638 | 570a71dd6d058f1900182e71 | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | What emotions did Cooley regard as of paramount social importance? | What emotions did Cooley regard as of paramount social importance? | [
"What emotions did Cooley regard as of paramount social importance?"
] | {
"text": [
"pride and shame"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114639 | 570a71dd6d058f1900182e72 | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples? | Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples? | [
"Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples?"
] | {
"text": [
"Retzinger"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114640 | 570a71dd6d058f1900182e73 | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | Who developed the social bond theory? | Who developed the social bond theory? | [
"Who developed the social bond theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"Scheff"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114641 | 570a71dd6d058f1900182e74 | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff derive social bond theory? | Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff derive social bond theory? | [
"Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff derive social bond theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"Goffman"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114642 | 5ad261d7d7d075001a42906c | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | In what decade didn't sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion? | In what decade didn't sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion? | [
"In what decade didn't sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114643 | 5ad261d7d7d075001a42906d | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | What emotions didn't Cooley regard as of paramount social importance? | What emotions didn't Cooley regard as of paramount social importance? | [
"What emotions didn't Cooley regard as of paramount social importance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114644 | 5ad261d7d7d075001a42906e | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | Who studied rage and shame cycles in un-married couples? | Who studied rage and shame cycles in un-married couples? | [
" Who studied rage and shame cycles in un-married couples?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114645 | 5ad261d7d7d075001a42906f | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | Who rejected the social bond theory? | Who rejected the social bond theory? | [
" Who rejected the social bond theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114646 | 5ad261d7d7d075001a429070 | Emotion | In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo... | Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff not derive social bond theory? | Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff not derive social bond theory? | [
"Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff not derive social bond theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114647 | 570a72e64103511400d59726 | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences? | What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences? | [
"What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences?"
] | {
"text": [
"Emotion regulation"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114648 | 570a72e64103511400d59727 | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced? | What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced? | [
"What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced?"
] | {
"text": [
"behavioral"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114649 | 570a72e64103511400d59728 | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools? | Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools? | [
"Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cognitively oriented schools"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114650 | 570a72e64103511400d59729 | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions? | What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions? | [
"What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gestalt therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
806
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114651 | 5ad2787cd7d075001a42956a | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | What is the term for the strategies not used by people to influence their emotional experiences? | What is the term for the strategies not used by people to influence their emotional experiences? | [
"What is the term for the strategies not used by people to influence their emotional experiences?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114652 | 5ad2787cd7d075001a42956b | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where wanted emotions might be experienced? | What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where wanted emotions might be experienced? | [
"What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where wanted emotions might be experienced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114653 | 5ad2787cd7d075001a42956c | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | Rational emotive behavior therapy is not an approach used by what psychotherapy schools? | Rational emotive behavior therapy is not an approach used by what psychotherapy schools? | [
"Rational emotive behavior therapy is not an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114654 | 5ad2787cd7d075001a42956d | Emotion | Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the... | What sort of therapy might not examine emotions based on components of facial expressions? | What sort of therapy might not examine emotions based on components of facial expressions? | [
" What sort of therapy might not examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114655 | 570a73804103511400d5972e | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion? | What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion? | [
"What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion?"
] | {
"text": [
"limbic"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114656 | 570a73804103511400d5972f | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to? | What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to? | [
"What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"neurochemicals"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114657 | 570a73804103511400d59730 | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | What chemicals may mediate emotions? | What chemicals may mediate emotions? | [
"What chemicals may mediate emotions?"
] | {
"text": [
"pheromones"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114658 | 570a73804103511400d59731 | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals? | Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals? | [
"Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals?"
] | {
"text": [
"reptiles"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114659 | 570a73804103511400d59732 | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains? | The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains? | [
"The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains?"
] | {
"text": [
"mammalian"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114660 | 5ad255efd7d075001a428d58 | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | What system wasn't examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion? | What system wasn't examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion? | [
"What system wasn't examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114661 | 5ad255efd7d075001a428d59 | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline not belong to? | What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline not belong to? | [
"What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline not belong to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114662 | 5ad255efd7d075001a428d5a | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | What chemicals do not mediate emotions? | What chemicals do not mediate emotions? | [
" What chemicals do not mediate emotions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114663 | 5ad255efd7d075001a428d5b | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | Reactive responses aren't present in the brains of what animals? | Reactive responses aren't present in the brains of what animals? | [
" Reactive responses aren't present in the brains of what animals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114664 | 5ad255efd7d075001a428d5c | Emotion | Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e... | The neurobiological explanation isn't specific to what types of brains? | The neurobiological explanation isn't specific to what types of brains? | [
" The neurobiological explanation isn't specific to what types of brains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114665 | 570a775d4103511400d59742 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What discipline studies the role of emotions in neural mechanisms? | What discipline studies the role of emotions in neural mechanisms? | [
"What discipline studies the role of emotions in neural mechanisms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Human sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114666 | 570a775d4103511400d59743 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of human mental disorders? | What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of human mental disorders? | [
"What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of human mental disorders?"
] | {
"text": [
"psychiatry"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114667 | 570a775d4103511400d59744 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What profession studies the role of emotions in providing holistic health care? | What profession studies the role of emotions in providing holistic health care? | [
"What profession studies the role of emotions in providing holistic health care?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nursing"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114668 | 570a775d4103511400d59745 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What is affective neuroscience a sub-field of? | What is affective neuroscience a sub-field of? | [
"What is affective neuroscience a sub-field of?"
] | {
"text": [
"neuroscience"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114669 | 570a775d4103511400d59746 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What field studies the relationship between emotion and learning? | What field studies the relationship between emotion and learning? | [
"What field studies the relationship between emotion and learning?"
] | {
"text": [
"education"
],
"answer_start": [
865
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114670 | 5ad257fbd7d075001a428db2 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What discipline doesn't study the role of emotions in neural mechanisms? | What discipline doesn't study the role of emotions in neural mechanisms? | [
"What discipline doesn't study the role of emotions in neural mechanisms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114671 | 5ad257fbd7d075001a428db3 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of non-human mental disorders? | What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of non-human mental disorders? | [
"What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of non-human mental disorders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114672 | 5ad257fbd7d075001a428db4 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What profession studies the role of emotions in providing non-holistic health care? | What profession studies the role of emotions in providing non-holistic health care? | [
"What profession studies the role of emotions in providing non-holistic health care?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114673 | 5ad257fbd7d075001a428db5 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What is affective neuroscience not a sub-field of? | What is affective neuroscience not a sub-field of? | [
" What is affective neuroscience not a sub-field of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114674 | 5ad257fbd7d075001a428db6 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What field doesn't study the relationship between emotion and learning? | What field doesn't study the relationship between emotion and learning? | [
" What field doesn't study the relationship between emotion and learning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114675 | 570a79de4103511400d59756 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | Who came up with the interaction ritual theory? | Who came up with the interaction ritual theory? | [
"Who came up with the interaction ritual theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"Randall Collins"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114676 | 570a79de4103511400d59757 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived? | From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived? | [
"From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived?"
] | {
"text": [
"totemic rituals"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114677 | 570a79de4103511400d59758 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | In addition to Durkheim, whose work influenced the development of interaction ritual theory? | In addition to Durkheim, whose work influenced the development of interaction ritual theory? | [
"In addition to Durkheim, whose work influenced the development of interaction ritual theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"Goffman"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114678 | 570a79de4103511400d59759 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | What is the term for a feeling of confidence to take action? | What is the term for a feeling of confidence to take action? | [
"What is the term for a feeling of confidence to take action?"
] | {
"text": [
"Emotional energy"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114679 | 570a79de4103511400d5975a | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | What is the term for the energy generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals? | What is the term for the energy generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals? | [
"What is the term for the energy generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals?"
] | {
"text": [
"collective effervescence"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114680 | 5ad276ded7d075001a429534 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | Who rejected the interaction ritual theory? | Who rejected the interaction ritual theory? | [
"Who rejected the interaction ritual theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114681 | 5ad276ded7d075001a429535 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | From what work of Durkheim's wasn't interaction ritual theory derived? | From what work of Durkheim's wasn't interaction ritual theory derived? | [
"From what work of Durkheim's wasn't interaction ritual theory derived?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114682 | 5ad276ded7d075001a429536 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | In addition to Durkheim, whose work didn't influence the development of interaction ritual theory? | In addition to Durkheim, whose work didn't influence the development of interaction ritual theory? | [
"In addition to Durkheim, whose work didn't influence the development of interaction ritual theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114683 | 5ad276ded7d075001a429537 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | What is the term for a feeling of confidence to not take action? | What is the term for a feeling of confidence to not take action? | [
" What is the term for a feeling of confidence to not take action?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114684 | 5ad276ded7d075001a429538 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | What is the term for the energy not generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals? | What is the term for the energy not generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals? | [
"What is the term for the energy not generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114685 | 570a7b204103511400d59760 | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | Of what discipline is affective computing a branch? | Of what discipline is affective computing a branch? | [
"Of what discipline is affective computing a branch?"
] | {
"text": [
"computer science"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114686 | 570a7b204103511400d59761 | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | What is the foundational document of affective computing? | What is the foundational document of affective computing? | [
"What is the foundational document of affective computing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114687 | 570a7b204103511400d59762 | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | In affective computing, what devices are used to collect data about the physical state of a user? | In affective computing, what devices are used to collect data about the physical state of a user? | [
"In affective computing, what devices are used to collect data about the physical state of a user?"
] | {
"text": [
"passive sensors"
],
"answer_start": [
755
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114688 | 570a7b204103511400d59763 | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | How does emotional speech processing determine a user's emotional state? | How does emotional speech processing determine a user's emotional state? | [
"How does emotional speech processing determine a user's emotional state?"
] | {
"text": [
"analyzing speech patterns"
],
"answer_start": [
1214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114689 | 5ad278d6d7d075001a42958e | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | Of what discipline isn't affective computing a branch? | Of what discipline isn't affective computing a branch? | [
" Of what discipline isn't affective computing a branch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114690 | 5ad278d6d7d075001a42958f | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | What isn't the foundational document of affective computing? | What isn't the foundational document of affective computing? | [
" What isn't the foundational document of affective computing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114691 | 5ad278d6d7d075001a429590 | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | In affective computing, what devices aren't used to collect data about the physical state of a user? | In affective computing, what devices aren't used to collect data about the physical state of a user? | [
"In affective computing, what devices aren't used to collect data about the physical state of a user?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114692 | 5ad278d6d7d075001a429591 | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | How does emotional speech processing determine a user's non-emotional state? | How does emotional speech processing determine a user's non-emotional state? | [
"How does emotional speech processing determine a user's non-emotional state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114693 | 570a7c016d058f1900182e8e | Emotion | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable emotional component? | Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable emotional component? | [
"Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable emotional component?"
] | {
"text": [
"instrumental behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114694 | 570a7c016d058f1900182e8f | Emotion | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | With what emotional component did William James identify emotion? | With what emotional component did William James identify emotion? | [
"With what emotional component did William James identify emotion?"
] | {
"text": [
"subjective experience"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114695 | 570a7c016d058f1900182e90 | Emotion | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | What emotional component did behaviorists identify emotion with? | What emotional component did behaviorists identify emotion with? | [
"What emotional component did behaviorists identify emotion with?"
] | {
"text": [
"instrumental behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114696 | 570a7c016d058f1900182e91 | Emotion | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | What academics identified emotions with physiological changes? | What academics identified emotions with physiological changes? | [
"What academics identified emotions with physiological changes?"
] | {
"text": [
"psychophysiologists"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114697 | 570a7c016d058f1900182e92 | Emotion | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels? | Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels? | [
"Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peggy Thoits"
],
"answer_start": [
853
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114698 | 5ad23e14d7d075001a4288aa | Emotion | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable unemotional component? | Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable unemotional component? | [
"Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable unemotional component?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114699 | 5ad23e14d7d075001a4288ab | Emotion | Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr... | With what unemotional component did William James identify emotion? | With what unemotional component did William James identify emotion? | [
"With what unemotional component did William James identify emotion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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