gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-12600 | 5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and André-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the "four great" cardinals to have ruled France.[citation needed] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king. | Who acted as Henry VI's chief minister? | Who acted as Henry VI's chief minister? | [
"Who acted as Henry VI's chief minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12601 | 5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and André-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the "four great" cardinals to have ruled France.[citation needed] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king. | Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled England? | Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled England? | [
"Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled England?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12602 | 5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and André-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the "four great" cardinals to have ruled France.[citation needed] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king. | What five great cardinals once ruled France? | What five great cardinals once ruled France? | [
"What five great cardinals once ruled France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12603 | 56ddeb0c9a695914005b96b8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to? | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to? | [
"Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to?"
] | {
"text": [
"70"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12604 | 56ddeb0c9a695914005b96b9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | What did the composition of the cardinals consist of? | What did the composition of the cardinals consist of? | [
"What did the composition of the cardinals consist of?"
] | {
"text": [
"comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons."
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12605 | 56ddeb0c9a695914005b96ba | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | During who's term did the ruling exceed? | During who's term did the ruling exceed? | [
"During who's term did the ruling exceed? "
] | {
"text": [
"Pope John XXIII"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12606 | 56ddeb0c9a695914005b96bb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to? | Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to? | [
"Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to? "
] | {
"text": [
"120"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12607 | 56ddeb0c9a695914005b96bc | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | What is the maximum age for electors? | What is the maximum age for electors? | [
"What is the maximum age for electors?"
] | {
"text": [
"80"
],
"answer_start": [
698
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12608 | 56df10063277331400b4d92b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what? | Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what? | [
"Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"120"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12609 | 56df10063277331400b4d92c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | Pope Paul VI had no cap on what? | Pope Paul VI had no cap on what? | [
"Pope Paul VI had no cap on what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the number of cardinals generally"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12610 | 5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | What was the limit of cardinals that Pope Pius implemented? | What was the limit of cardinals that Pope Pius implemented? | [
"What was the limit of cardinals that Pope Pius implemented?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12611 | 5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | What did the composition of popes consist of? | What did the composition of popes consist of? | [
"What did the composition of popes consist of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12612 | 5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | Who implemented the maximum age of 60 years for electors? | Who implemented the maximum age of 60 years for electors? | [
"Who implemented the maximum age of 60 years for electors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12613 | 5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches? | Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches? | [
"Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12614 | 5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches. | What can popes not dispense from? | What can popes not dispense from? | [
"What can popes not dispense from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12615 | 56ddeba09a695914005b96c2 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches. | Where do the cardinals work? | Where do the cardinals work? | [
"Where do the cardinals work?"
] | {
"text": [
"a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12616 | 5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches. | What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches? | What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches? | [
"What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12617 | 5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches. | Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church? | Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church? | [
"Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12618 | 5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches. | What duties are nuns allowed to perform? | What duties are nuns allowed to perform? | [
"What duties are nuns allowed to perform?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12619 | 5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches. | Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches? | Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches? | [
"Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12620 | 5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches. | What do many nuns do for their titular churches? | What do many nuns do for their titular churches? | [
"What do many nuns do for their titular churches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12621 | 56ddec019a695914005b96ca | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. | Who receives the hishopric of Ostia? | Who receives the hishopric of Ostia? | [
"Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Dean of the College of Cardinals"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12622 | 56df108ac65bf219000b3f1b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. | What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment? | What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment? | [
"What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?"
] | {
"text": [
"titular bishopric of Ostia"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12623 | 5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. | Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari? | Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari? | [
"Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12624 | 5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. | What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment? | What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment? | [
"What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12625 | 5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. | What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church? | What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church? | [
"What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12626 | 5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9ea | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. | What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive? | What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive? | [
"What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12627 | 56ddec6666d3e219004dae0f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | In was year was the title decreed Eminence? | In was year was the title decreed Eminence? | [
"In was year was the title decreed Eminence?"
] | {
"text": [
"1630"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12628 | 56ddec6666d3e219004dae10 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | Who decreed this? | Who decreed this? | [
"Who decreed this?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Urban VIII"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12629 | 56ddec6666d3e219004dae11 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | What rank did the Eminece decree assigned? | What rank did the Eminece decree assigned? | [
"What rank did the Eminece decree assigned?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prince"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12630 | 56ddec6666d3e219004dae12 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | Who held more power then the cardinal? | Who held more power then the cardinal? | [
"Who held more power then the cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Pope and crowned monarchs"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12631 | 56df057ec65bf219000b3ee3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince? | Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince? | [
"Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Urban VIII"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12632 | 5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence? | What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence? | [
"What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12633 | 5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | What did was the title of the pope before 1630? | What did was the title of the pope before 1630? | [
"What did was the title of the pope before 1630?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12634 | 5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king? | Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king? | [
"Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12635 | 5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9fa | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | Who held less power then the cardinal? | Who held less power then the cardinal? | [
"Who held less power then the cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12636 | 56dded029a695914005b96cf | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | The Archdiocese of Milwaukee says that the correct way to address a cardinal in English is? | The Archdiocese of Milwaukee says that the correct way to address a cardinal in English is? | [
"The Archdiocese of Milwaukee says that the correct way to address a cardinal in English is? "
] | {
"text": [
"\"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]\""
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12637 | 56df08cb3277331400b4d8e3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee? | What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee? | [
"What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12638 | 56df08cb3277331400b4d8e4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | How do cardinals sign traditionally? | How do cardinals sign traditionally? | [
"How do cardinals sign traditionally?"
] | {
"text": [
"by placing the title \"Cardinal\" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12639 | 56df08cb3277331400b4d8e5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | How do Oriental Patriarchs sign? | How do Oriental Patriarchs sign? | [
"How do Oriental Patriarchs sign?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis"
],
"answer_start": [
833
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12640 | 56df08cb3277331400b4d8e6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way? | Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way? | [
"Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way?"
] | {
"text": [
"because they do not belong to the Roman clergy"
],
"answer_start": [
893
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12641 | 5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee? | What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee? | [
"What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12642 | 5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition? | How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition? | [
"How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12643 | 5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | What style is generally not followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences? | What style is generally not followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences? | [
"What style is generally not followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12644 | 5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda10 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | How do English Patriarchs typically sign? | How do English Patriarchs typically sign? | [
"How do English Patriarchs typically sign?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12645 | 5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda11 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy. | Who does not belong to the French clergy? | Who does not belong to the French clergy? | [
"Who does not belong to the French clergy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12646 | 56ddee7066d3e219004dae25 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | What way is used to announce the election of a new pope in Latin? | What way is used to announce the election of a new pope in Latin? | [
"What way is used to announce the election of a new pope in Latin?"
] | {
"text": [
"[First name] Cardinal [Surname]"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12647 | 56ddee7066d3e219004dae26 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | What should the new pople have been before becoming a pope? | What should the new pople have been before becoming a pope? | [
"What should the new pople have been before becoming a pope?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12648 | 56ddee7066d3e219004dae27 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal? | When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal? | [
"When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"1378"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12649 | 56df090bc65bf219000b3ef1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope? | When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope? | [
"When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope?"
] | {
"text": [
"1378"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12650 | 5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda1f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | What way is used in the proclamation of the election of a new nun in Latin? | What way is used in the proclamation of the election of a new nun in Latin? | [
"What way is used in the proclamation of the election of a new nun in Latin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12651 | 5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda20 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | What should a new pope not have been before becoming a pope? | What should a new pope not have been before becoming a pope? | [
"What should a new pope not have been before becoming a pope?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12652 | 5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda21 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | How should a new pope not be addresses by the Cardinal protodeacon? | How should a new pope not be addresses by the Cardinal protodeacon? | [
"How should a new pope not be addresses by the Cardinal protodeacon?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12653 | 5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda22 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..." (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. | When was the last election of a cardinal? | When was the last election of a cardinal? | [
"When was the last election of a cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12654 | 56ddf05366d3e219004dae2f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch. | Do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate? | Do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate? | [
"Do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate?"
] | {
"text": [
"no"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12655 | 56df09693277331400b4d8f5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch. | Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what? | Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what? | [
"Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the cardinalate"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12656 | 5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda63 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch. | Which see carries a right to the cardinalate? | Which see carries a right to the cardinalate? | [
"Which see carries a right to the cardinalate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12657 | 5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda64 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch. | Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate? | Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate? | [
"Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12658 | 5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda65 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch. | Who is not sometimes entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate? | Who is not sometimes entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate? | [
"Who is not sometimes entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12659 | 5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda66 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch. | Who are not regularly made cardinals? | Who are not regularly made cardinals? | [
"Who are not regularly made cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12660 | 56ddf0d99a695914005b96f6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | Who are among the most senior members of the Catholic Church? | Who are among the most senior members of the Catholic Church? | [
"Who are among the most senior members of the Catholic Church?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal bishops"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12661 | 56ddf0d99a695914005b96f7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | What is a cardinal bishop? | What is a cardinal bishop? | [
"What is a cardinal bishop?"
] | {
"text": [
"cardinals of the episcopal order"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12662 | 56df0a4e3277331400b4d901 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called? | Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called? | [
"Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal bishops"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12663 | 5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | Who is among the most junior prelates of the Catholic Church? | Who is among the most junior prelates of the Catholic Church? | [
"Who is among the most junior prelates of the Catholic Church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12664 | 5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order? | What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order? | [
"What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12665 | 5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | What are most cardinals not known as in modern times? | What are most cardinals not known as in modern times? | [
"What are most cardinals not known as in modern times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12666 | 5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda30 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | What does the term "cardinal bishop" not refer to? | What does the term "cardinal bishop" not refer to? | [
"What does the term \"cardinal bishop\" not refer to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12667 | 56ddf1759a695914005b9706 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | In early times, who was generally electied to cardinal? | In early times, who was generally electied to cardinal? | [
"In early times, who was generally electied to cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"a Roman priest"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12668 | 56ddf1759a695914005b9707 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop? | Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop? | [
"Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop?"
] | {
"text": [
"To preserve apostolic succession"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12669 | 56ddf1759a695914005b9708 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | What is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop? | What is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop? | [
"What is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop? "
] | {
"text": [
"he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia."
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12670 | 56df0afa3277331400b4d90d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | What happens if a Pope is elected who is not a bishop? | What happens if a Pope is elected who is not a bishop? | [
"What happens if a Pope is elected who is not a bishop?"
] | {
"text": [
"he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia."
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12671 | 5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | What was reserved for the cardinals in early times? | What was reserved for the cardinals in early times? | [
"What was reserved for the cardinals in early times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12672 | 5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | Who was generally not elected to cardinal in early times? | Who was generally not elected to cardinal in early times? | [
"Who was generally not elected to cardinal in early times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12673 | 5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | What is the rule if the person elected is a bishop? | What is the rule if the person elected is a bishop? | [
"What is the rule if the person elected is a bishop?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12674 | 5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. | What happens if a Nun is elected who is not a bishop? | What happens if a Nun is elected who is not a bishop? | [
"What happens if a Nun is elected who is not a bishop?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12675 | 56ddf1f266d3e219004dae43 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | How many suburbicarian sees? | How many suburbicarian sees? | [
"How many suburbicarian sees?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12676 | 56ddf1f266d3e219004dae45 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | When were the two sees combined? | When were the two sees combined? | [
"When were the two sees combined? "
] | {
"text": [
"1150 until 1914"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12677 | 56ddf1f266d3e219004dae46 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | Who separated them? | Who separated them? | [
"Who separated them?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Pius X"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12678 | 56df0b313277331400b4d911 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | What are the seven sees? | What are the seven sees? | [
"What are the seven sees?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12679 | 5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda71 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | What are the name of the eight suburbicarian sees? | What are the name of the eight suburbicarian sees? | [
"What are the name of the eight suburbicarian sees?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12680 | 5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda72 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | Which two sees were united from 1250 to 1944? | Which two sees were united from 1250 to 1944? | [
"Which two sees were united from 1250 to 1944?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12681 | 5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda73 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | What did Pope Pius II do to Velletri and Ostia in 1914? | What did Pope Pius II do to Velletri and Ostia in 1914? | [
"What did Pope Pius II do to Velletri and Ostia in 1914?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12682 | 5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda74 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | How did Pope Pius X maintain only four cardinal bishops? | How did Pope Pius X maintain only four cardinal bishops? | [
"How did Pope Pius X maintain only four cardinal bishops?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12683 | 5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda75 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. | What suburbicarian would the President of the College of Cardinal keep in addition to that Velletri? | What suburbicarian would the President of the College of Cardinal keep in addition to that Velletri? | [
"What suburbicarian would the President of the College of Cardinal keep in addition to that Velletri?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12684 | 56ddf25a9a695914005b9714 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when? | Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when? | [
"Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?"
] | {
"text": [
"1962"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12685 | 56ddf25a9a695914005b9716 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Which see doesn't have its own bishop? | Which see doesn't have its own bishop? | [
"Which see doesn't have its own bishop?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ostia"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12686 | 56ddf25a9a695914005b9717 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Who is in charge of Ostia? | Who is in charge of Ostia? | [
"Who is in charge of Ostia? "
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator."
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12687 | 56df0baf3277331400b4d913 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees? | In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees? | [
"In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?"
] | {
"text": [
"1962"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12688 | 56df0baf3277331400b4d914 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | What see is the one exception to this rule? | What see is the one exception to this rule? | [
"What see is the one exception to this rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ostia"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12689 | 56df0baf3277331400b4d915 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Who has power over the exception? | Who has power over the exception? | [
"Who has power over the exception?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12690 | 5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | What type of relationship did the pope have with suburbicarian sees? | What type of relationship did the pope have with suburbicarian sees? | [
"What type of relationship did the pope have with suburbicarian sees?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12691 | 5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Who had powers of governance over suburbicarian sees? | Who had powers of governance over suburbicarian sees? | [
"Who had powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12692 | 5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | In what year did cardinal bishops have the powers of governance over suburbicarian sees? | In what year did cardinal bishops have the powers of governance over suburbicarian sees? | [
"In what year did cardinal bishops have the powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12693 | 5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Who is the bishop of Ostia? | Who is the bishop of Ostia? | [
"Who is the bishop of Ostia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12694 | 5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Which does each see not have with the exception of Ostia? | Which does each see not have with the exception of Ostia? | [
"Which does each see not have with the exception of Ostia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12695 | 56def231c65bf219000b3e4c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. | The entire group of cardinals is known as what? | The entire group of cardinals is known as what? | [
"The entire group of cardinals is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"College of Cardinals"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12696 | 5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. | Who is a junior ecclesiastical leader in the Holy Roman Church? | Who is a junior ecclesiastical leader in the Holy Roman Church? | [
"Who is a junior ecclesiastical leader in the Holy Roman Church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12697 | 5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. | What are the cardinals of the church not collectively known as? | What are the cardinals of the church not collectively known as? | [
"What are the cardinals of the church not collectively known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12698 | 5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. | What duties do cardinals not perform? | What duties do cardinals not perform? | [
"What duties do cardinals not perform?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12699 | 5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. | What is a priest's primary duty? | What is a priest's primary duty? | [
"What is a priest's primary duty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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