gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-12700 | 5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4aa | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Churc... | Who does not oversee the day-to-day governance during the sede vacante? | Who does not oversee the day-to-day governance during the sede vacante? | [
"Who does not oversee the day-to-day governance during the sede vacante?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12701 | 56def8cbc65bf219000b3e5f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ... | Who is the only person who can judge a Cardinal in regards to laws of the church? | Who is the only person who can judge a Cardinal in regards to laws of the church? | [
"Who is the only person who can judge a Cardinal in regards to laws of the church?"
] | {
"text": [
"the pope"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12702 | 5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb69 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ... | What does the privilege of democracy guarantee cardinals and popes? | What does the privilege of democracy guarantee cardinals and popes? | [
"What does the privilege of democracy guarantee cardinals and popes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12703 | 5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6a | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ... | Who is forbidden to judge cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? | Who is forbidden to judge cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? | [
"Who is forbidden to judge cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12704 | 5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ... | What does the pope either decide or delegates the decision to the the College of Cardinals? | What does the pope either decide or delegates the decision to the the College of Cardinals? | [
"What does the pope either decide or delegates the decision to the the College of Cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12705 | 5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ... | What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else? | What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else? | [
"What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12706 | 56def9503277331400b4d857 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J... | What does the pope give to a new Cardinal? | What does the pope give to a new Cardinal? | [
"What does the pope give to a new Cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"a gold ring"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12707 | 56def9503277331400b4d858 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J... | Who decides on the design of the item given to new Cardinals? | Who decides on the design of the item given to new Cardinals? | [
"Who decides on the design of the item given to new Cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [
"the pope"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12708 | 5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb5f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J... | What does the pope give to each retiring cardinal? | What does the pope give to each retiring cardinal? | [
"What does the pope give to each retiring cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12709 | 5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb60 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J... | What does the silver ring symbolize? | What does the silver ring symbolize? | [
"What does the silver ring symbolize?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12710 | 5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb61 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J... | What is traditionally kissed by Athiests when greeting a cardinal? | What is traditionally kissed by Athiests when greeting a cardinal? | [
"What is traditionally kissed by Athiests when greeting a cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12711 | 5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb62 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J... | What includes the cardinal's coat of arms? | What includes the cardinal's coat of arms? | [
"What includes the cardinal's coat of arms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12712 | 5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb63 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J... | What image did Pope John Paul II depict on the outside of the ring? | What image did Pope John Paul II depict on the outside of the ring? | [
"What image did Pope John Paul II depict on the outside of the ring?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12713 | 56defa09c65bf219000b3e6b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What is the name of the hat that the pope used to wear when naming a new Cardinal? | What is the name of the hat that the pope used to wear when naming a new Cardinal? | [
"What is the name of the hat that the pope used to wear when naming a new Cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"a galero."
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12714 | 56defa09c65bf219000b3e6c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | In what year did the practice of donning this item stop? | In what year did the practice of donning this item stop? | [
"In what year did the practice of donning this item stop?"
] | {
"text": [
"1969"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12715 | 56defa09c65bf219000b3e6d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What does the pope now wear when naming a new Cardinal? | What does the pope now wear when naming a new Cardinal? | [
"What does the pope now wear when naming a new Cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"scarlet biretta"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12716 | 5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb55 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What was the name of the hat bestowed upon a pope upon his naming? | What was the name of the hat bestowed upon a pope upon his naming? | [
"What was the name of the hat bestowed upon a pope upon his naming?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12717 | 5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb56 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What custom was discontinued in 1959? | What custom was discontinued in 1959? | [
"What custom was discontinued in 1959?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12718 | 5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb57 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral? | What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral? | [
"What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12719 | 5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb58 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What would happen to a pope's gelero when he dies? | What would happen to a pope's gelero when he dies? | [
"What would happen to a pope's gelero when he dies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12720 | 5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb59 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What is officially part of a cardinals apparel? | What is officially part of a cardinals apparel? | [
"What is officially part of a cardinals apparel?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12721 | 56defa45c65bf219000b3e71 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing? | Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing? | [
"Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eastern Catholic cardinals"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12722 | 5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What do Western Catholic cardinals continue to wear? | What do Western Catholic cardinals continue to wear? | [
"What do Western Catholic cardinals continue to wear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12723 | 5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What do Western Catholic cardinals sometimes line? | What do Western Catholic cardinals sometimes line? | [
"What do Western Catholic cardinals sometimes line?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12724 | 5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What color are Western style cassocks made entirely of? | What color are Western style cassocks made entirely of? | [
"What color are Western style cassocks made entirely of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12725 | 5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb50 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What traditional dress do eastern Catholic deacons continue to wear? | What traditional dress do eastern Catholic deacons continue to wear? | [
"What traditional dress do eastern Catholic deacons continue to wear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12726 | 56defb6dc65bf219000b3e7d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What does the color red symbolize in the clothing worn by Cardinals? | What does the color red symbolize in the clothing worn by Cardinals? | [
"What does the color red symbolize in the clothing worn by Cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [
"willingness to die for his faith"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12727 | 56defb6dc65bf219000b3e7e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | Which item of clothing worn by cardinals is always white? | Which item of clothing worn by cardinals is always white? | [
"Which item of clothing worn by cardinals is always white?"
] | {
"text": [
"rochet"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12728 | 56defb6dc65bf219000b3e7f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | The Cardinal bird was named as such because of what in relation to Cardinals of the church? | The Cardinal bird was named as such because of what in relation to Cardinals of the church? | [
"The Cardinal bird was named as such because of what in relation to Cardinals of the church?"
] | {
"text": [
"the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture"
],
"answer_start": [
928
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12729 | 56defb6dc65bf219000b3e80 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | When did Cardinals stop wearing purple or blue capes? | When did Cardinals stop wearing purple or blue capes? | [
"When did Cardinals stop wearing purple or blue capes?"
] | {
"text": [
"1460s"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12730 | 5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb43 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What color is worn by popes when in choir dress? | What color is worn by popes when in choir dress? | [
"What color is worn by popes when in choir dress?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12731 | 5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb44 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What does the blood like red not symbolize for a cardinal? | What does the blood like red not symbolize for a cardinal? | [
"What does the blood like red not symbolize for a cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12732 | 5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb45 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What was customary for cardinals to wear until the 1700's? | What was customary for cardinals to wear until the 1700's? | [
"What was customary for cardinals to wear until the 1700's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12733 | 5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb46 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What is not distinctive about the biretta of a cardinal? | What is not distinctive about the biretta of a cardinal? | [
"What is not distinctive about the biretta of a cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12734 | 5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb47 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What color ferrailo does a pope occasionally wear? | What color ferrailo does a pope occasionally wear? | [
"What color ferrailo does a pope occasionally wear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12735 | 56defc6dc65bf219000b3e8f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies? | What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies? | [
"What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies?"
] | {
"text": [
"the cardinalate expires"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12736 | 5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | What does the Pope do if conditions do not change? | What does the Pope do if conditions do not change? | [
"What does the Pope do if conditions do not change?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12737 | 5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore and the president dies? | What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore and the president dies? | [
"What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore and the president dies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12738 | 5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | Whose identity is not revealed if the pope dies? | Whose identity is not revealed if the pope dies? | [
"Whose identity is not revealed if the pope dies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12739 | 5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | Who ranks secondary to those raised in the cardinalate at the time of his appointment? | Who ranks secondary to those raised in the cardinalate at the time of his appointment? | [
"Who ranks secondary to those raised in the cardinalate at the time of his appointment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12740 | 56defd5e3277331400b4d86c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore? | Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore? | [
"Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Martin V"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12741 | 5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | How were many Cardinals created during the Eastern Schism>? | How were many Cardinals created during the Eastern Schism>? | [
"How were many Cardinals created during the Eastern Schism>?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12742 | 5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | What was published during the reign of Pope Martin V? | What was published during the reign of Pope Martin V? | [
"What was published during the reign of Pope Martin V?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12743 | 5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | What did Pope Pious V begin using? | What did Pope Pious V begin using? | [
"What did Pope Pious V begin using?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12744 | 5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | What position was not being contended during the Western Schism? | What position was not being contended during the Western Schism? | [
"What position was not being contended during the Western Schism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12745 | 56defedf3277331400b4d870 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | What was a "lay cardinal" allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal? | What was a "lay cardinal" allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal? | [
"What was a \"lay cardinal\" allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"marry"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12746 | 56defedf3277331400b4d871 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law? | In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law? | [
"In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law?"
] | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12747 | 56defedf3277331400b4d872 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | What did the Code of Canon Law state in regards to Cardinals? | What did the Code of Canon Law state in regards to Cardinals? | [
"What did the Code of Canon Law state in regards to Cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [
"only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12748 | 5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb23 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | What was a lay cardinal not allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal? | What was a lay cardinal not allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal? | [
"What was a lay cardinal not allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12749 | 5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb24 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | Who was among the first lay cardinal? | Who was among the first lay cardinal? | [
"Who was among the first lay cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12750 | 5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb25 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | What year did Pope Benedict X revise the Code of Canon Law? | What year did Pope Benedict X revise the Code of Canon Law? | [
"What year did Pope Benedict X revise the Code of Canon Law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12751 | 5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb26 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | Who may not be appointed cardinals according the revision of Code of Cannon Law? | Who may not be appointed cardinals according the revision of Code of Cannon Law? | [
"Who may not be appointed cardinals according the revision of Code of Cannon Law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12752 | 56deffe0c65bf219000b3ebb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | A cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" may not do what? | A cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" may not do what? | [
"A cardinal who does not hold the title of \"bishop\" may not do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12753 | 56deffe0c65bf219000b3ebc | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year? | Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year? | [
"Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1962"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12754 | 5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What is a cardinal who is a bishop entitles to wear and use? | What is a cardinal who is a bishop entitles to wear and use? | [
"What is a cardinal who is a bishop entitles to wear and use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12755 | 5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What six items make up the episcopal regalia? | What six items make up the episcopal regalia? | [
"What six items make up the episcopal regalia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12756 | 5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" do? | What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" do? | [
"What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of \"bishop\" do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12757 | 5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80? | What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80? | [
"What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12758 | 56df009f3277331400b4d887 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | In what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become Cardinals stop? | In what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become Cardinals stop? | [
"In what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become Cardinals stop?"
] | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12759 | 56df009f3277331400b4d888 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | In what year was it declared that Cardinals had to be bishops? | In what year was it declared that Cardinals had to be bishops? | [
"In what year was it declared that Cardinals had to be bishops?"
] | {
"text": [
"1962"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12760 | 5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb11 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What was possible for someone to become who was not a priest, but only in major orders? | What was possible for someone to become who was not a priest, but only in major orders? | [
"What was possible for someone to become who was not a priest, but only in major orders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12761 | 5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb12 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | Who was enrolled only in the order of cardinal laymen? | Who was enrolled only in the order of cardinal laymen? | [
"Who was enrolled only in the order of cardinal laymen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12762 | 5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb13 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What year did Pope John XX set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? | What year did Pope John XX set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? | [
"What year did Pope John XX set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12763 | 5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb14 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What canon does not require that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment? | What canon does not require that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment? | [
"What canon does not require that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12764 | 5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb15 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What year did the practice of allowing nuns to become Cardinals stop? | What year did the practice of allowing nuns to become Cardinals stop? | [
"What year did the practice of allowing nuns to become Cardinals stop?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12765 | 56df00ebc65bf219000b3ec3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal? | In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal? | [
"In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [
"collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12766 | 5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb09 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera? | What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera? | [
"What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12767 | 5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0a | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy? | Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy? | [
"Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12768 | 5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See? | Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See? | [
"Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12769 | 5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals? | Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals? | [
"Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12770 | 56df0174c65bf219000b3ec5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | Who announces the election of a new pope? | Who announces the election of a new pope? | [
"Who announces the election of a new pope?"
] | {
"text": [
"The cardinal protodeacon"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12771 | 56df0174c65bf219000b3ec6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | Where does this person announce the election of the new pope? | Where does this person announce the election of the new pope? | [
"Where does this person announce the election of the new pope?"
] | {
"text": [
"from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12772 | 56df0174c65bf219000b3ec7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | Who was the first pope who chose not to be crowned? | Who was the first pope who chose not to be crowned? | [
"Who was the first pope who chose not to be crowned?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope John Paul I"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12773 | 5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdaff | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | Who does not have the privilege of announcing a new pope's election? | Who does not have the privilege of announcing a new pope's election? | [
"Who does not have the privilege of announcing a new pope's election?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12774 | 5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb00 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | What is the junior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals also known as? | What is the junior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals also known as? | [
"What is the junior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals also known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12775 | 5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb01 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | Who announced Pope John Paul I coronation in 1976? | Who announced Pope John Paul I coronation in 1976? | [
"Who announced Pope John Paul I coronation in 1976?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12776 | 5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb02 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | What Cardinal protodeacon's privilege was continued after the election of Pope John Paul I? | What Cardinal protodeacon's privilege was continued after the election of Pope John Paul I? | [
"What Cardinal protodeacon's privilege was continued after the election of Pope John Paul I?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12777 | 5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb03 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | What position does Renato Raffaele Martinez currently hold? | What position does Renato Raffaele Martinez currently hold? | [
"What position does Renato Raffaele Martinez currently hold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12778 | 56df0244c65bf219000b3ecc | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | What color is the hat? | What color is the hat? | [
"What color is the hat?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12779 | 5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Masses? | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Masses? | [
"How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Masses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12780 | 5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Ecumenical Meetings? | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Ecumenical Meetings? | [
"How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Ecumenical Meetings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12781 | 5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at quarterly Urbi et Orbi papal blessings? | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at quarterly Urbi et Orbi papal blessings? | [
"How are Cardinal deacons recognized at quarterly Urbi et Orbi papal blessings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12782 | 5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdafa | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre? | What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre? | [
"What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12783 | 56df02b23277331400b4d8a7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many cardinal deacons were there in 2005? | How many cardinal deacons were there in 2005? | [
"How many cardinal deacons were there in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12784 | 56df02b23277331400b4d8a8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests? | How many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests? | [
"How many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests?"
] | {
"text": [
"10 years"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12785 | 5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaed | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in 2000? | How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in 2000? | [
"How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in 2000?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12786 | 5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaee | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many cardinals were there in the order of popes? | How many cardinals were there in the order of popes? | [
"How many cardinals were there in the order of popes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12787 | 5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaef | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do? | What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do? | [
"What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12788 | 5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf0 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | Who may not take a vacant title? | Who may not take a vacant title? | [
"Who may not take a vacant title?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12789 | 5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for 30 years? | Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for 30 years? | [
"Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for 30 years?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12790 | 56df03d9c65bf219000b3ecf | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian? | In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian? | [
"In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian?"
] | {
"text": [
"about half"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12791 | 56df03d9c65bf219000b3ed0 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian? | In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian? | [
"In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian?"
] | {
"text": [
"third"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12792 | 5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | Where are priests that are elevated to the diaconal order mainly officials of? | Where are priests that are elevated to the diaconal order mainly officials of? | [
"Where are priests that are elevated to the diaconal order mainly officials of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12793 | 5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | How many Cardinals were French in 1939? | How many Cardinals were French in 1939? | [
"How many Cardinals were French in 1939?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12794 | 5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | How many Cardinals were French in 1994? | How many Cardinals were French in 1994? | [
"How many Cardinals were French in 1994?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12795 | 5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929? | How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929? | [
"How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12796 | 5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | What year did Pope Sixtus I fix the maximum size of the College of Cardinals? | What year did Pope Sixtus I fix the maximum size of the College of Cardinals? | [
"What year did Pope Sixtus I fix the maximum size of the College of Cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12797 | 56df04563277331400b4d8b1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from? | What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from? | [
"What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven deacons in the Papal Household"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12798 | 5ad30688604f3c001a3fdad9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from? | Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from? | [
"Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12799 | 5ad30688604f3c001a3fdada | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household? | Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household? | [
"Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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