gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-15500 | 5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e55 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | Who wrote "Living Black? | Who wrote "Living Black? | [
"Who wrote \"Living Black?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kevin Gilbert"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15501 | 5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e56 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts? | What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts? | [
"What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?"
] | {
"text": [
"1978"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15502 | 5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e57 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What was Living Black about? | What was Living Black about? | [
"What was Living Black about?"
] | {
"text": [
"a collection of Aboriginal people's stories"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15503 | 5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e58 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998? | What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998? | [
"What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Human Rights Award for Literature"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15504 | 5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e59 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What was the award in 1998 for? | What was the award in 1998 for? | [
"What was the award in 1998 for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Inside Black Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15505 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc727 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? | [
"What did the improvements in quality of life increase?"
] | {
"text": [
"people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15506 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc728 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done? | What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done? | [
"What has the reappropriation of the word \"black\" done?"
] | {
"text": [
"resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture,"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15507 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc729 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander? | In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander? | [
"In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?"
] | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15508 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc72a | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness? | What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness? | [
"What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anthony Mundine"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15509 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc72b | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments? | Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments? | [
"Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments?"
] | {
"text": [
"Andrew Bolt"
],
"answer_start": [
707
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15510 | 5706fa4c90286e26004fc787 | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | Who described slaves as negars? | Who described slaves as negars? | [
"Who described slaves as negars?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Rolfe"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15511 | 5706fa4c90286e26004fc788 | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | Where was John Rolfe? | Where was John Rolfe? | [
"Where was John Rolfe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Colonial America"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15512 | 5706fa4c90286e26004fc789 | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa? | Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa? | [
"Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"Virginia colony"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15513 | 5706fa4c90286e26004fc78a | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City? | What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City? | [
"What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Begraafplaats van de Neger\""
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15514 | 5706fa4c90286e26004fc78b | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | What does "Begraafplaats van de Neger" mean? | What does "Begraafplaats van de Neger" mean? | [
"What does \"Begraafplaats van de Neger\" mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cemetery of the Negro"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15515 | 5706fb6190286e26004fc79b | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | When did "nigger" become a pejorative word? | When did "nigger" become a pejorative word? | [
"When did \"nigger\" become a pejorative word?"
] | {
"text": [
"By the 1900s"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15516 | 5706fb6190286e26004fc79c | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | What term replaced negro as mainstream? | What term replaced negro as mainstream? | [
"What term replaced negro as mainstream?"
] | {
"text": [
"colored"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15517 | 5706fb6190286e26004fc79d | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | What term followed "negro" and "colored"? | What term followed "negro" and "colored"? | [
"What term followed \"negro\" and \"colored\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"black\""
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15518 | 5706fb6190286e26004fc79e | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? | What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? | [
"What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? "
] | {
"text": [
"the African-American Civil rights movement"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15519 | 5706fb6190286e26004fc79f | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | Who led the Civil Rights movement? | Who led the Civil Rights movement? | [
"Who led the Civil Rights movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Reverend Martin Luther King"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15520 | 570706b99e06ca38007e92bb | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | How did black people identify in early America? | How did black people identify in early America? | [
"How did black people identify in early America?"
] | {
"text": [
"by their specific ethnic group"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15521 | 570706b99e06ca38007e92bc | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | What was not acknowledged by English colonists? | What was not acknowledged by English colonists? | [
"What was not acknowledged by English colonists?"
] | {
"text": [
"individual ethnic affiliations"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15522 | 570706b99e06ca38007e92bd | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | How vast was the backgrounds of the captives? | How vast was the backgrounds of the captives? | [
"How vast was the backgrounds of the captives?"
] | {
"text": [
"West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15523 | 570706b99e06ca38007e92be | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | How was the new African American identity defined? | How was the new African American identity defined? | [
"How was the new African American identity defined?"
] | {
"text": [
"This new identity was based on provenance and slave status"
],
"answer_start": [
968
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15524 | 570706b99e06ca38007e92bf | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans? | Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans? | [
"Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans?"
] | {
"text": [
"French and Spanish colonists"
],
"answer_start": [
1148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15525 | 5707074190286e26004fc80f | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to? | What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to? | [
"What type of skin pigment does \"Black\" refer to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15526 | 5707074190286e26004fc810 | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for? | In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for? | [
"In the United States the term \"black people\" is an indicator for?"
] | {
"text": [
"socially based racial classification related to being African American,"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15527 | 5707074190286e26004fc811 | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | Where does the US base family history of African Americans from? | Where does the US base family history of African Americans from? | [
"Where does the US base family history of African Americans from?"
] | {
"text": [
"a family history associated with institutionalized slavery."
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15528 | 5707074190286e26004fc812 | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | How are people defined as "black" or "white"? | How are people defined as "black" or "white"? | [
"How are people defined as \"black\" or \"white\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"they fulfill the social criteria"
],
"answer_start": [
795
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15529 | 570708619e06ca38007e92c5 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | Why did the use of "African" become an issue? | Why did the use of "African" become an issue? | [
"Why did the use of \"African\" become an issue?"
] | {
"text": [
"the majority of black people in the United States were native-born"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15530 | 570708619e06ca38007e92c6 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | Why did blacks fear to identify as African? | Why did blacks fear to identify as African? | [
"Why did blacks fear to identify as African?"
] | {
"text": [
"would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US."
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15531 | 570708619e06ca38007e92c7 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | What year did Black leaders call for this change in language? | What year did Black leaders call for this change in language? | [
"What year did Black leaders call for this change in language?"
] | {
"text": [
"1835,"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15532 | 570708619e06ca38007e92c8 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | What group decided to keep the "African" in their name? | What group decided to keep the "African" in their name? | [
"What group decided to keep the \"African\" in their name?"
] | {
"text": [
"the African Methodist Episcopal Church"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15533 | 570708619e06ca38007e92c9 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | What terms did African Americans use instead? | What terms did African Americans use instead? | [
"What terms did African Americans use instead?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Negro\" or \"colored\""
],
"answer_start": [
718
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15534 | 570709ba9e06ca38007e92d9 | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Who argued for Americans to use the term "African American"? | Who argued for Americans to use the term "African American"? | [
"Who argued for Americans to use the term \"African American\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jesse Jackson"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15535 | 570709ba9e06ca38007e92da | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | What year did Jesse Jackson make this argument? | What year did Jesse Jackson make this argument? | [
"What year did Jesse Jackson make this argument?"
] | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15536 | 570709ba9e06ca38007e92db | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Why did Jackson want this term to be used? | Why did Jackson want this term to be used? | [
"Why did Jackson want this term to be used?"
] | {
"text": [
"it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15537 | 570709ba9e06ca38007e92dc | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Who also argued for the term "African American"? | Who also argued for the term "African American"? | [
"Who also argued for the term \"African American\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"African-American"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15538 | 570709ba9e06ca38007e92dd | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Why did some argue that "black" was the better term? | Why did some argue that "black" was the better term? | [
"Why did some argue that \"black\" was the better term?"
] | {
"text": [
"because \"African\" suggests foreignness"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15539 | 57070b1490286e26004fc83d | Black_people | The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Cen... | How does the U.S. census define "black" Americans? | How does the U.S. census define "black" Americans? | [
"How does the U.S. census define \"black\" Americans?"
] | {
"text": [
"having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15540 | 57070b1490286e26004fc83e | Black_people | The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Cen... | What classification are given? | What classification are given? | [
"What classification are given?"
] | {
"text": [
"socio-political constructs"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15541 | 57070b1490286e26004fc83f | Black_people | The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Cen... | What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry? | What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry? | [
"What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry?"
] | {
"text": [
"17–18%"
],
"answer_start": [
673
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15542 | 57070b1490286e26004fc840 | Black_people | The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Cen... | What is the Census definition not based on? | What is the Census definition not based on? | [
"What is the Census definition not based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"scientific or anthropological"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15543 | 57070b889e06ca38007e92ff | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | What did the "one-drop" rule do? | What did the "one-drop" rule do? | [
"What did the \"one-drop\" rule do?"
] | {
"text": [
"classify as black a person of any known African ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15544 | 57070b889e06ca38007e9300 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | When was the "one-drop" rule put into place? | When was the "one-drop" rule put into place? | [
"When was the \"one-drop\" rule put into place?"
] | {
"text": [
"early 20th century."
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15545 | 57070b889e06ca38007e9301 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | When was racial definition more flexible? | When was racial definition more flexible? | [
"When was racial definition more flexible?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th and 19th centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15546 | 57070b889e06ca38007e9302 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | What war changed the way the United States looked at race? | What war changed the way the United States looked at race? | [
"What war changed the way the United States looked at race?"
] | {
"text": [
"the American Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15547 | 57070b889e06ca38007e9303 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem? | When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem? | [
"When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem?"
] | {
"text": [
"1662"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15548 | 57070cab90286e26004fc859 | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | How is blackness described in the US? | How is blackness described in the US? | [
"How is blackness described in the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values."
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15549 | 57070cab90286e26004fc85a | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | What defines "blackness"? | What defines "blackness"? | [
"What defines \"blackness\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"political orientation, culture and behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15550 | 57070cab90286e26004fc85b | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | What is the opposite of "blackness"? | What is the opposite of "blackness"? | [
"What is the opposite of \"blackness\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"acting white\""
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15551 | 57070cab90286e26004fc85c | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | How does one "act white"? | How does one "act white"? | [
"How does one \"act white\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15552 | 57070cab90286e26004fc85d | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | In what regards can one "act white"? | In what regards can one "act white"? | [
"In what regards can one \"act white\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music,"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15553 | 57070d4b9e06ca38007e932d | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"? | Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"? | [
"Who described Bill Clinton as \"Black\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Toni Morrison"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15554 | 57070d4b9e06ca38007e932e | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black? | Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black? | [
"Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christopher Hitchens"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15555 | 57070d4b9e06ca38007e932f | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | Who is Toni Morrison? | Who is Toni Morrison? | [
"Who is Toni Morrison?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nobel Prize-winning novelist"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15556 | 57070d4b9e06ca38007e9330 | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | Why were people offended by this comment? | Why were people offended by this comment? | [
"Why were people offended by this comment?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain"
],
"answer_start": [
1009
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15557 | 57070d4b9e06ca38007e9331 | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset? | What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset? | [
"What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rwandan Genocide"
],
"answer_start": [
1205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15558 | 57070e0c9e06ca38007e9341 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of? | Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of? | [
"Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Punch"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15559 | 57070e0c9e06ca38007e9342 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | Who is John Punch? | Who is John Punch? | [
"Who is John Punch?"
] | {
"text": [
"the first African slave in the Virginia colony"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15560 | 57070e0c9e06ca38007e9343 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | When was Punch indentured? | When was Punch indentured? | [
"When was Punch indentured?"
] | {
"text": [
"1640"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15561 | 57070e0c9e06ca38007e9344 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | Why was he indentured for life? | Why was he indentured for life? | [
"Why was he indentured for life?"
] | {
"text": [
"trying to escape"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15562 | 57070e0c9e06ca38007e9345 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | Why were his children free? | Why were his children free? | [
"Why were his children free?"
] | {
"text": [
"they were born to free English women"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15563 | 57070e8590286e26004fc863 | Black_people | Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 ... | How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888? | How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888? | [
"How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 million"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15564 | 57070e8590286e26004fc864 | Black_people | Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 ... | How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean? | How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean? | [
"How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean?"
] | {
"text": [
"11.5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15565 | 57070e8590286e26004fc865 | Black_people | Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 ... | How many slaves were imported by Brazil? | How many slaves were imported by Brazil? | [
"How many slaves were imported by Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"5.5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15566 | 57070e8590286e26004fc866 | Black_people | Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 ... | How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean? | How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean? | [
"How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean?"
] | {
"text": [
"2.76 million"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15567 | 57070e8590286e26004fc867 | Black_people | Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 ... | How is black identified in South America? | How is black identified in South America? | [
"How is black identified in South America?"
] | {
"text": [
"closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables,"
],
"answer_start": [
797
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15568 | 57070f769e06ca38007e935d | Black_people | The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial... | How are people in Brazil classified? | How are people in Brazil classified? | [
"How are people in Brazil classified?"
] | {
"text": [
"by appearance"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15569 | 57070f769e06ca38007e935e | Black_people | The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial... | What country has a complex way of acknowledging race? | What country has a complex way of acknowledging race? | [
"What country has a complex way of acknowledging race?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15570 | 57070f769e06ca38007e935f | Black_people | The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial... | How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil? | How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil? | [
"How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15571 | 57070f769e06ca38007e9360 | Black_people | The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial... | How are people evaluated in Brazil? | How are people evaluated in Brazil? | [
"How are people evaluated in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"like the colors of the spectrum"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15572 | 57070fe090286e26004fc877 | Black_people | Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks a... | What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil? | What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil? | [
"What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"lighter skin"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15573 | 57070fe090286e26004fc878 | Black_people | Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks a... | What are poor whites considered in Brazil? | What are poor whites considered in Brazil? | [
"What are poor whites considered in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"black"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15574 | 57070fe090286e26004fc879 | Black_people | Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks a... | What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil? | What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil? | [
"What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15575 | 57070fe090286e26004fc87a | Black_people | Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks a... | What does Preto mean? | What does Preto mean? | [
"What does Preto mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"(black)"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15576 | 5707106b90286e26004fc87f | Black_people | From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individu... | How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850? | How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850? | [
"How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850?"
] | {
"text": [
"estimated 3.5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15577 | 5707106b90286e26004fc880 | Black_people | From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individu... | How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery? | How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery? | [
"How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than half"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15578 | 5707106b90286e26004fc881 | Black_people | From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individu... | Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of? | Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of? | [
"Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Afro-descendants"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15579 | 5707106b90286e26004fc882 | Black_people | From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individu... | What was not passed in Brazil during slavery? | What was not passed in Brazil during slavery? | [
"What was not passed in Brazil during slavery?"
] | {
"text": [
"segregation laws"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15580 | 5707106b90286e26004fc883 | Black_people | From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individu... | What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery? | What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery? | [
"What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery?"
] | {
"text": [
"intermarriage"
],
"answer_start": [
613
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15581 | 5707111d90286e26004fc89b | Black_people | By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorb... | How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000? | How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000? | [
"How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"6.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15582 | 5707111d90286e26004fc89c | Black_people | By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorb... | How much identified as mixed race? | How much identified as mixed race? | [
"How much identified as mixed race?"
] | {
"text": [
"40%"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15583 | 5707111d90286e26004fc89d | Black_people | By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorb... | How much identified as white? | How much identified as white? | [
"How much identified as white?"
] | {
"text": [
"55%"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15584 | 5707111d90286e26004fc89e | Black_people | By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorb... | How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007? | How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007? | [
"How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"29%"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15585 | 570712049e06ca38007e9389 | Black_people | Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Bra... | What has Brazil avoided? | What has Brazil avoided? | [
"What has Brazil avoided?"
] | {
"text": [
"the binary polarization of society into black and white"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15586 | 570712049e06ca38007e938a | Black_people | Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Bra... | What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended? | What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended? | [
"What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?"
] | {
"text": [
"civil war"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15587 | 570712049e06ca38007e938b | Black_people | Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Bra... | How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended? | How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended? | [
"How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended?"
] | {
"text": [
"violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil."
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15588 | 570712049e06ca38007e938c | Black_people | Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Bra... | Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? | Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? | [
"Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? "
] | {
"text": [
"Elio Ferreira de Araujo"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15589 | 570712049e06ca38007e938d | Black_people | Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Bra... | Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities? | Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities? | [
"Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities?"
] | {
"text": [
"black and indigenous communities."
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15590 | 570712c99e06ca38007e939b | Black_people | In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination... | In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn? | In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn? | [
"In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn?"
] | {
"text": [
"75%"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15591 | 570712c99e06ca38007e939c | Black_people | In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination... | In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites? | In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites? | [
"In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites?"
] | {
"text": [
"50%"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15592 | 570712c99e06ca38007e939d | Black_people | In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination... | What rule is Brazil accused of practicing? | What rule is Brazil accused of practicing? | [
"What rule is Brazil accused of practicing?"
] | {
"text": [
"one-drop rule"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15593 | 570712c99e06ca38007e939e | Black_people | In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination... | What does the one drop rule do? | What does the one drop rule do? | [
"What does the one drop rule do?"
] | {
"text": [
"discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry."
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15594 | 570712c99e06ca38007e939f | Black_people | In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination... | What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards? | What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards? | [
"What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"illiteracy and education levels"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15595 | 5707135a90286e26004fc8bf | Black_people | Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities,... | What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil? | What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil? | [
"What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"blacks"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15596 | 5707135a90286e26004fc8c0 | Black_people | Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities,... | How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race? | How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race? | [
"How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race?"
] | {
"text": [
"80%"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15597 | 5707135a90286e26004fc8c1 | Black_people | Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities,... | When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act? | When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act? | [
"When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"1965"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15598 | 5707135a90286e26004fc8c2 | Black_people | Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities,... | When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor? | When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor? | [
"When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
653
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15599 | 5707135a90286e26004fc8c3 | Black_people | Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities,... | What large hurricane hit New Orleans? | What large hurricane hit New Orleans? | [
"What large hurricane hit New Orleans?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hurricane Katrina"
],
"answer_start": [
739
]
} |
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